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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis of the written discourse of Ataba al-Kataba with a pragmatic approach based on Fairclough theory
Reza Heidari Nouri Delaram BaghdadiThis article is an analysis based on Norman Fairclough's theory in the Ataba Al-Kataba with a pragmatic approach that examines and analyzes linguistic forms, their purposes and functions based on Fairclough's views. The theoretical basis of the research is in the framew MoreThis article is an analysis based on Norman Fairclough's theory in the Ataba Al-Kataba with a pragmatic approach that examines and analyzes linguistic forms, their purposes and functions based on Fairclough's views. The theoretical basis of the research is in the framework of a three-level (layered) model of description, interpretation and explanation. The dimensions of discourse are very prominent in "Schools and Letters of Ataba al-Katabah" due to the close connection between language and social structures and the influence of the text on social relations. In this text, in addition to the effect of power relations, specific language choices that are specific to the style of this period are distinguished in the process of meaning production. The purpose of this study is to show the type and style of twentieth century discourse and to show the power of the author (Montajeb Jovini) in the form of his discourse. The different view on introduction and analysis of Ataba Al-Kataba is another goal of this study. This research has been conducted by descriptive-analytical method and it is examined by qualitative content analysis method and citing the text of the letters and mentioning the evidence of the example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Comparative Study of the Description of Nature in Persian and Arabic Poetry
Sadeq Ebrahimi Kavari Rahimeh ChoulonianNature has always been a source of inspiration for poets with a special status in poetry in general. On the other hand, there are many common themes in Persian and Arabic literature due to their closeness in terms of common culture and religion as well as extended geogr MoreNature has always been a source of inspiration for poets with a special status in poetry in general. On the other hand, there are many common themes in Persian and Arabic literature due to their closeness in terms of common culture and religion as well as extended geographical boundary. Interactions between relevant countries have resulted in different imparts in different areas. The history of describing nature in poetry is as old as the history of the relevant literature which has undergone some changes at different stages. This study is an attempt to indentify such effective interactions in Persian and Arabic Literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Comparative study on Abu Nuwas and Rudaki poetry from Rhythmic Elements View
Reza Bourqani Farahani Abolqasem Radfar Mohammad Reza Abbaspoor KhormalooAbu Nuwas Ahwazi is an Arab well known poet – second century – whose poetry is about beloved, worship and wine. Simplicity and honesty are the characteristics of his poetry. Rudaki – the Persian poet of third and fourth centuries – also expresses MoreAbu Nuwas Ahwazi is an Arab well known poet – second century – whose poetry is about beloved, worship and wine. Simplicity and honesty are the characteristics of his poetry. Rudaki – the Persian poet of third and fourth centuries – also expresses wine, beloved and worship in his poetry. The present article studies their biography briefly and then surveys their thoughts and poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparative Study on Nature Description in Ibn Khafajah and Manouchehri's Poetries
Mohammad Shayegan Mehr Jafar Amouzad Fariborz Hosseinjan ZadehThe present article compares and studies nature description in two famous and well – known poets' works from Iran Arab called Manouchehri Damghani and Ibn Khafajah. Nature description is the most important subject in the abovementioned poets' works which Ibn Khafa MoreThe present article compares and studies nature description in two famous and well – known poets' works from Iran Arab called Manouchehri Damghani and Ibn Khafajah. Nature description is the most important subject in the abovementioned poets' works which Ibn Khafajah has turned it to a kind of independent literary method in Arabic literature of Andalusia. In Persian literature Manouchehri is of special status as well. These two great poets are of famous literati with two different languages whose point of views have been manifested properly and we may be strange with some of their lexicon but are of important history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A comparative study of Nature Description in Ibn-e Rumi and Manoochehri’s Works
Ibrahim Namdari Mohammad Ali Fouladi Narges LorestaniThe environment is the main factor of nature description. Nature description and its manifestation such as gardens, flowers and etc. were waster and wider in Abbasid era rather than Omavid’s. In Abbasid era the civilization and development manifested suddenl MoreThe environment is the main factor of nature description. Nature description and its manifestation such as gardens, flowers and etc. were waster and wider in Abbasid era rather than Omavid’s. In Abbasid era the civilization and development manifested suddenly. Thus the explanation and description had been done with applying metaphors and similes; and this states the Abbasid era’s dreaming. The Persian poetry might be called nature poetry in Manoochehri’s period in which he was of beginners of that kind of poetry. He imitated the Arab poets because he was affected by Arabic literature. Ibn-e Rumi’s poetry is a brilliant and vivid image of gardens and greens. Personification of things in most parts of his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Comparative Study of Nature Description in Divans of Toghraei and Manouchehri Damghani
Fahimeh Mirzaee Jabery Seyyed Mohammad Reza EbnerrasoolAbstract In this paper, the description of nature is compared and contrasted from specific perspectives in the Divans (collected works) of two Persian old poets named Toghtaei and Manouchehri Damghani.First, the status and mission of comparative literature is studied. MoreAbstract In this paper, the description of nature is compared and contrasted from specific perspectives in the Divans (collected works) of two Persian old poets named Toghtaei and Manouchehri Damghani.First, the status and mission of comparative literature is studied. A brief review of Toghraei and Manouchehri biographies is presented. Then, the literary, cultural, and environmental features of their period and they are presented with a descriptive-analytical approach comparative study of description of inanimate and animate nature is carried out. In addition, the involvement and depiction of these poets is accompanied with examples and poems in which the effect can be seen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparative Study of the Muʻallaqāt and the Song of Songs (Song of Solomon)
Abdolrasoul Foroutan Sa'adollah HomayouniThe present article studies two literary works comparatively: Muʻallaqāt and the Song of Songs (Song of Solomon). Muʻallaqāt is a combination of seven most famous poets of Arabic literature of Dark Age and Song of Songs is one of the Old Testament Books (Torah) and rela MoreThe present article studies two literary works comparatively: Muʻallaqāt and the Song of Songs (Song of Solomon). Muʻallaqāt is a combination of seven most famous poets of Arabic literature of Dark Age and Song of Songs is one of the Old Testament Books (Torah) and related to Solomon – The prophet. The mentioned ancient scripts are similar with each other from some concepts viewpoint such as: assimilating the beloved to deer (and her scent), paying attention to beloved's necklace and jewleries, seeking the beloved and etc. which this article compares and analyses them baed on French school. Because this school compares two works of two different times with two different languages in which there had been a relationship between those langueges' people. There is information which proves Arabs – especially in Medina – twere familiar with Holy Book because of Jewish and Christian's residence in peninsula. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Methods of Creating Appropriate Framework to Study the Meanings in Quran
Mehdi Dehrami Yousef Asghari BaiqoutLiterary features of Holy Quran is of precious and magnificent state as well as its content aspect. Considering each one without the other is not possible. Thus eloquence scholars do not limit the miracle aspects of Quran only to its semantics and content. The aim of th MoreLiterary features of Holy Quran is of precious and magnificent state as well as its content aspect. Considering each one without the other is not possible. Thus eloquence scholars do not limit the miracle aspects of Quran only to its semantics and content. The aim of the present paper is to survey the methods of creating appropriate framework and the situations to study the semantics and meanings in Holy Quran. Creation of appropriate framework is the main feature of any literary work which causes a suitable progression. There is a direct junction between framework creation and the verses which contain the main content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A study of the stylistic style of the elements of society in the covenant of Malik Ashtar and the forty-seventh prayer of Sahifa Sajjadieh
Ali Sadeghnejad Mohammad Hassan Masoumi Seyedakbar GhazanfariThe equivalent of the word "style" in Arabic is "Oslub" and in English, it is "style". One of the sciences that are as important and independent today in the field of language and literature as other fields of art is stylistics. Stylistics is the description and analysi MoreThe equivalent of the word "style" in Arabic is "Oslub" and in English, it is "style". One of the sciences that are as important and independent today in the field of language and literature as other fields of art is stylistics. Stylistics is the description and analysis of various forms of language in the practical applications of language. The concepts of style and stylistic diversity in language are based on the general assumption that within a language system, a single content can be encoded in more than one linguistic form. Style in language is not merely a superficial representation, but on the contrary forms an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the author. Stylistics is used to study all types of texts, but the study of religious texts is one of the most important fields of stylistics. Society is a collection of human beings who are connected to each other by specific systems and traditions, customs and laws and have a collective life; Imam Ali (AS) and Imam Sajjad (AS) in addition to sermons, letters and wisdom have presented scientific and valuable statements about this phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Quran and Hadith on Ibn Maytham al-Bahrani's Description in Nahj al-Balagha
Zahra Mahdavimehr Gholam Abbas RezaeiLiterary men had cited Quran's Verses to prove the accuracy of the words or lexicon or to explain some rules or syntactic grammars they applied. Since all agreed that Holy Quran is the highest and the best (masterpiece) in eloquence and syntax in Arabic language. But th MoreLiterary men had cited Quran's Verses to prove the accuracy of the words or lexicon or to explain some rules or syntactic grammars they applied. Since all agreed that Holy Quran is the highest and the best (masterpiece) in eloquence and syntax in Arabic language. But there are disagrees upon Hadith among scholars. Citing Hadith is permitted by some and is not permitted by others. Ibn Maytham al-Bahrani is one the Shia scholars of jurisprudence, philosophy and literature in seventh century. He has sited Quran verses and Hadith in many cases to explain and approve the accuracy of applied syntax and grammar. The present paper studies his citation to Quran and Hadith and explains some critics on his narrations and citations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Quranic Indicators: Quotation Title and Allusion in Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya
Fatemeh Sharifzadeh Yazdi Mohammad Jannati FarThe present paper intends to study "the common motifs of Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya" in order to attain the accuracy of the mentioned book. The relationship between Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is in their content. By Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya references to Qu MoreThe present paper intends to study "the common motifs of Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya" in order to attain the accuracy of the mentioned book. The relationship between Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is in their content. By Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya references to Quran, various indications, allusions and Quranic quotation titles can be seen which validates Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya by these commonalities. The unity between Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya and Holy Quran is so unique which this article points out some of them. A repot of quotation titles, allusions and content relationships between Quran and Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya has been offered in this paper which the researchers could refer to it for other interpretations and citations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Marouf Al Rosafi; Overview of his life and literature
Tofigh RajabiMaruf Al Rosafi is one of the four great Iraqi poets. The other three are Al zahavi, Al kazemi and Al shabibi. He was born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1875. He had learned reading- writing and memorizing Quran in traditional Iraqi Schools and then entered the army college. He c MoreMaruf Al Rosafi is one of the four great Iraqi poets. The other three are Al zahavi, Al kazemi and Al shabibi. He was born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1875. He had learned reading- writing and memorizing Quran in traditional Iraqi Schools and then entered the army college. He could not deal with the courses so had started self studies and went to religious schools. His instructor, Alus had motivated him in literature to the extent that later he had started teaching Arabic literature in a ministry in Iraq and could be elected as a candidate in Iraq’s Parliament. He had prose a Divan which was about national issues. He had passed away in 1945. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The description in the poet of Khalil Mardom Bak
Mehdi Momtahen Azizeh RahimiPoet Khalil Mardom Bak excellent example of the men released this statement of the era in literature and its effects. Raise high the name of his country, and he fought all his life. It was among the first to Made huge gateway luxury hair literature solid, and reported i MorePoet Khalil Mardom Bak excellent example of the men released this statement of the era in literature and its effects. Raise high the name of his country, and he fought all his life. It was among the first to Made huge gateway luxury hair literature solid, and reported it, Was link between the ancient and the modern, money to the description, the collection of delicacies and say Beautiful images images, And presented in a beautiful dress and best costume, and tough for the sake of it is not what our generation profoundly regret the loss of sources, and the scarcity of cupboards, and lack of culture, and the diminutive education, drier springs. This article is a study on the life of poet Khalil Mardom Bak and his penchant for description, nature and art, and a few in the national tour of his poet and important source is the Divan poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigation and analysis of love description methods in Samak Ayar
Sara Jamali Akbar SayadkoohSamak Ayar written by Faramarz Ibn Khodadad is the oldest work in the field of Persian fiction. Although this long folk tale has its drawbacks in terms of the art of storytelling, it is very fascinating and entertaining. Samak is full of signs of social life; But one of MoreSamak Ayar written by Faramarz Ibn Khodadad is the oldest work in the field of Persian fiction. Although this long folk tale has its drawbacks in terms of the art of storytelling, it is very fascinating and entertaining. Samak is full of signs of social life; But one of the most frequent discourses is love. The story begins with the love of the prince of Aleppo, Khurshid Shah, to Mehpari, the daughter of Faghfor China, and almost all of its events revolve around this love. The subject of this article is to study and analyze the methods and techniques of describing love, lover and lover in this story. The authors of the article want to reflect on the author's perception of love and its tenderness and find out which rhetorical tools he used to reveal the characteristics of love and the lover and the scenes of meeting and merging lovers.The data of this research were obtained by library method and after categorization, were analyzed and described using qualitative method. The results of the research show that in Samak Ayar, love is basically "physical", "aristocratic" and "patriarchal" and is the center of the circle of good and bad actions of the characters in the story. This love is so powerful that it can draw the lover to China in search of the beloved and to reach the carpenter from Aleppo. The author's rhetorical tools to visualize these situations have been similes, metaphors, ironies, and especially artistic descriptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Study and analysis of the aesthetics of deviation and ignoring religious ethics in the implications of Khaghani's divan
Manijheh Ghorabanzadeh Hamidreza Farzi Ali DehghanThe Ghaznavid divan of Hakim Sanai, with more than thirteen thousand verses, consists of poems in the form of ode, composition, preference, mesmat, lyric, piece and quatrain. Composing a lyric and tending to romantic controversies and its attractions, the poet occasiona MoreThe Ghaznavid divan of Hakim Sanai, with more than thirteen thousand verses, consists of poems in the form of ode, composition, preference, mesmat, lyric, piece and quatrain. Composing a lyric and tending to romantic controversies and its attractions, the poet occasionally preoccupies himself. Introduction to Sanai's hymns which describe the beloved, although not uniform in number of verses and is often between 7 and 29 verses, but has a place in his hymns. In this article, while briefly introducing various aspects of the description of the beloved, such as; The field of immorality and spirituality or the reporter of the face and sensory and intellectual similes, etc, the image of the beloved Sanai with emphasis on the poet's intellectual evolution, should be examined and analyzed; Therefore, first, the most important and special approaches of Sanai in drawing the image of the beloved have been extracted and classified into eight groups. Then, by studying and finding the frequency of words and presenting diagrams, their importance, how they are used, their place and the way of intellectual development in Sanai's depiction of the beloved's image are analyzed in the lyric poems of his praise poems. The presence of characteristics of Khorasani style and traces of change that later become the beacon of poets in the field of dealing with the beloved, is one of the highlights of the lyric poems of Sanai praise that are addressed in this study. The research method is descriptive and analytical with statistical charts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A consideration on the description of Atabat-ol-kataba by Maryam Sadeghi
Mohammadreza MasoumiIn addition to correcting and printing literature, accurate description of vocabulary and difficulties in some of these texts is vital which can help the readers of these works helping them to understand the text better. One of these texts, "Atabat-ol-kataba" is written MoreIn addition to correcting and printing literature, accurate description of vocabulary and difficulties in some of these texts is vital which can help the readers of these works helping them to understand the text better. One of these texts, "Atabat-ol-kataba" is written by Montajab-o-ddin Badi'e Joveini which includes samples of administrative and court-related correspondence as well as friendly letters of Sultan Sanjar Saljuqi era and revised along with the description of the text in 2017 by Maryam Sadeghi regarding the Allameh Qazvini and Sir Abbas Eqbal; and it has been published in Negah Moaser Publications. This article is the result of reviewing the text description of this book, which has been done with analysis and description of the findings in a library style.The results of this research show that the commentator of "Atabat-ol-kataba", despite his efforts to eliminate the shortcomings of Qazvini-Eqbal printing, has made obvious mistakes in describing some cases, which not only do not remove the ambiguities of the text, but may also mislead the reader. In this research, some of these mistakes as well as typographical faults are presented to explain the necessity of modifying the errors in the book and the need to review it by the commentator for later editions, in addition to the use of the readers of "Atabat-ol-kataba". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Describing the immoral and spiritual areas of the beloved in the lyric poems of Hakim Sanaei
Hosein Salimi Bashir AlaviThe Ghaznavid divan of Hakim Sanai, with more than thirteen thousand verses, consists of poems in the form of ode, composition, preference, mesmat, lyric, piece and quatrain. Composing a lyric and tending to romantic controversies and its attractions, the poet occasiona MoreThe Ghaznavid divan of Hakim Sanai, with more than thirteen thousand verses, consists of poems in the form of ode, composition, preference, mesmat, lyric, piece and quatrain. Composing a lyric and tending to romantic controversies and its attractions, the poet occasionally preoccupies himself. Introduction to Sanai's hymns which describe the beloved, although not uniform in number of verses and is often between 7 and 29 verses, but has a place in his hymns. In this article, while briefly introducing various aspects of the description of the beloved, such as; The field of immorality and spirituality or the reporter of the face and sensory and intellectual similes, etc, the image of the beloved Sanai with emphasis on the poet's intellectual evolution, should be examined and analyzed; Therefore, first, the most important and special approaches of Sanai in drawing the image of the beloved have been extracted and classified into eight groups. Then, by studying and finding the frequency of words and presenting diagrams, their importance, how they are used, their place and the way of intellectual development in Sanai's depiction of the beloved's image are analyzed in the lyric poems of his praise poems. The presence of characteristics of Khorasani style and traces of change that later become the beacon of poets in the field of dealing with the beloved, is one of the highlights of the lyric poems of Sanai praise that are addressed in this study. The research method is descriptive and analytical with statistical charts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Color Imagery in Saadi's Lyrics
Salimeh Daraei Taqi Amini Mofrad Koobra NodehiColors express feelings and emotions and reflect the inner characteristics of people. Sometimes artists use colors and colorful elements in their romantic illustrations, presenting their emotional experiences and mental perceptions with the help of literary devices and MoreColors express feelings and emotions and reflect the inner characteristics of people. Sometimes artists use colors and colorful elements in their romantic illustrations, presenting their emotional experiences and mental perceptions with the help of literary devices and figures of thought such as similes, metaphors, ironies, pun, etc. in an artistic and appealing manner. Saadi has also benefited a lot from this kind of expression. The present article explains the image of color in Saadi's sonnets in a descriptive-analytical manner and examines the images related to color and the metaphors and similies related to them in three hundred and sixty of Saadi's sonnets. The result of this research shows that among the five colors black, white, red, yellow and green that best illustrate the meanings and mental moments of Saadi's poetry, red has the highest frequency and green has the least use. Also, the poet has indirectly used the colors of colorful objects and the color of phenomena in presenting the color image. These colorful images express the power of speech, the poet’s aesthetic perception and his ability to use imaginary forms such as similes and metaphors in creating images, which makes his speech eloquent and pleasant, and the effect and charm of his words. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Description of the Holy Prophet in Mawlavi’s Masnavi
Javad Jafarian Parviz HaydariKJ -
Open Access Article
20 - The modernist described in the works of Abootorab Khosravi
hosniyeh nejatzade eedgahi Abolghassem GhavamThe positioning of described in modernist stories is different from the classical stories. In this regard, the techniques, functions, and subjects are also changed. Description in traditional stories is unique to describe concepts and observable. The descriptions struct MoreThe positioning of described in modernist stories is different from the classical stories. In this regard, the techniques, functions, and subjects are also changed. Description in traditional stories is unique to describe concepts and observable. The descriptions structure is built on the basis of actual elements, inclusivism and visual. But in modern works, the descriptions are internalized. These works are more attentive to behaviors than appearance. Modern author pays attention to the secondary and spiritual meanings of the characteristics of individuals and objects that it is the resultant of his philosophical analysis of his subjects. The basis of the descriptions is based on component, subjective and imaginary elements. In this regard, the techniques, functions, and subjects are also changed. The reflections of the works of Abootorab from the perspective of the modern techniques of descriptions such as conflict, obscurity, and reality of providing are for clearer and more accurate representation of the methodology of description. In this study, the description techniques are investigated in method (analytical - descriptive). The main question of this study is based on whether the comparative study of modern and traditional stories can be referred to as a status difference in these two categories? The results of this study show that Khosravi works have the ability to analyze new techniques of descriptive and modern techniques, known as "the modernist described". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Study of the Aspects of Realism in Shahla Al-Ajili's novel " Saif ma al-Adu "
Maryam Akbari MousaabadiRealism as a literary school was formed in the nineteenth century, is not a decal of reality, because it shows the reality through the artist's consciousness, so the difference between realism and romanticism is revealed, romanticism expresses the mentality of the artis MoreRealism as a literary school was formed in the nineteenth century, is not a decal of reality, because it shows the reality through the artist's consciousness, so the difference between realism and romanticism is revealed, romanticism expresses the mentality of the artist, while consciousness is different from subjectivism, and according to Lucien Goldman's theory, is the embodiment of a perspective in accordance with the perspective of some people. Elements of realism include objectivism, representation of contemporary life, typology, and the illusion of reality. The novel "Saif ma al-Adu", which has been studied analytically, is a realistic novel; That depicts the contemporary life in al-Raqqa over three generations, depicted in three women, a grandmother, a mother and a daughter. Lamis, the main character, a forty-year-old woman, took refuge in Germany after the war, now narrates the events of the past, therefore, the image she paints is real and the result of lived experience. Although all elements play a role in the realism of the text, characters, themes, and descriptions of places and objects play a greater role. Finally, the author has been able to make the story believable to the reader, creating an object-oriented picture of the lives of community-derived characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Analysis of Contemporary Critics’ Viewpoints Concerning Abounovas and his Khamriat
Sayyed Mohmmad Hosseini Yousef Hadipoor NehzomiAbounovas is of unique character who has always stimulates old and new critics to battle against each other as far as each person makes a character for him based on their understanding and special orientation instead of discovering his true character. To rec MoreAbounovas is of unique character who has always stimulates old and new critics to battle against each other as far as each person makes a character for him based on their understanding and special orientation instead of discovering his true character. To recognize his real character ,however, his biography must be reread and to have a correct and real conclusion we have to refer to reliable sources and to avoid psychological analyses that are understood based on appearance of his Khamriat (poems describing wine) since poetry of a poet is not necessarily his personal biography. The present study aims to criticize in detail views of contemporary critics because many of them have tried against all scientific, literary and historical standards to deem Abounovas’ Khamriat as his autobiography ,creating a strange character called Abounovas according to their interpretation of Khamriat, a character who is mostly impossible in reality, specifically a scholar such as Abounavas. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Mirror state Quality in Poetry
Abdol Hossein FarzadBy mistake, most of the poets, replace poetical happening by poetical narrative or report. Because they do not realize the distinction between the report and the interpretation in the poem, then their poems become rhetorical speech. In this research, we try MoreBy mistake, most of the poets, replace poetical happening by poetical narrative or report. Because they do not realize the distinction between the report and the interpretation in the poem, then their poems become rhetorical speech. In this research, we try to show that in the poem and in all kinds of art, the expression is the mirror kind state of poem which in this state artistic ambiguity and appreciation of poems are revealed. This is the state that we find in Hafez of Shiraz and Emrao Al Qais and Sufi poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Functional Role of Phoneme in the Camel Description in Tarafeh's" Moalegheh"
Bijan Karami Jalal Marami Mohsen Khosh GhamatThe phoneme is considered as the smallest linguistic unit that is used to distinguish words from each other. Relation between phonology and semantics is placed in the context of relation between signifier and signified. And disagreement between l MoreThe phoneme is considered as the smallest linguistic unit that is used to distinguish words from each other. Relation between phonology and semantics is placed in the context of relation between signifier and signified. And disagreement between linguists continue until now. Some of them believe that there are functional roles for phonemes in innovative text. Whereas others believe that there is no relationship between meaning and phoneme .In this article we count phonemes in Tarafeh's poem and we express presence and absence of defamiliarisation in camel description. The result is that phoneme plays a crucial role in poetic context. Phonemes that are relevant to meaning are abundant while irrelevant ones that have no connection to meaning are rare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Epics in poems of Roodaki
Ali- Asghar Baba-safari Undoubtedly the 4th century i.e. samanian governance should be recognized as peak of Islamic and Iranian civilization. In this era of Iranian history den to providing cultural, social, political etc and different technologies and sciences finds considerable prog More Undoubtedly the 4th century i.e. samanian governance should be recognized as peak of Islamic and Iranian civilization. In this era of Iranian history den to providing cultural, social, political etc and different technologies and sciences finds considerable progress and so Persian literature and poem is impressed by this medium, one of the important issues considered in literature of this era is epics and writing epic poems. The most famous poet of this era is Roodaki although is poems in lyrical literature and also learning takes place, but a little thinking in his poems shows that he was quite awarded of sterile and epic issues and cold by complete skill reflects this problem in his poem, and also poems of Roodaki shows epic medium that had covered on society of those days. Roodaki often has used in lyrical descriptions from element of epics, and thus has given special horror to his poems. In this article, epic appearances in Roodaki poem has been divided and defined under five general titles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Relationship Between Attitude Toward Human Effective Factors in Productivity and Leadership Style with Organizational Commitment Among the Personnel of lran Telecomunication Company
لیلا رضایی محمود ساعتچیPurpose of this study was to explore relationship between human factors which are effective on productivity, leadership style and organizational commitment among lran Telecommunication Company employees senior managers and inferior employess were selected as sample Us MorePurpose of this study was to explore relationship between human factors which are effective on productivity, leadership style and organizational commitment among lran Telecommunication Company employees senior managers and inferior employess were selected as sample Using stratified random sampling and answered to research tools containing effective human factors and obstacles on productivity questionnaire, Leadership style questionnaire, Leadership Behavior Description questionnaire and Organizational Commitment questionnaire. Based on obtained results, there are significant relations between senior manager's attitude to effective human factors on productivity and organizational commitment of inferiors and commitment of inferiors at the and between senior manager's attitude and their leadership style. Also Ther was no significant relation between effective human factors on productivity and description of leadership behavior in inferiors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Developing Indicators for Preparation of Faculty Description in Medical University (Isfahan Medical University)
مریم فولادوند طاهره چنگیز علیرضا یوسفیAccording to the important role of faculty members in the fulfillment of university mission and goals, the current study is aimed at identifying indicators to develop faculty horoscope in a medical university. In a descriptive survey, all the academic managers of Isfaha MoreAccording to the important role of faculty members in the fulfillment of university mission and goals, the current study is aimed at identifying indicators to develop faculty horoscope in a medical university. In a descriptive survey, all the academic managers of Isfahan Medical University (including vice presidents in education and research, and department heads) participated as purposeful sample (n= ), during the academic year . A questionnaire was developed based on the structured interview with experts in faculty member affairs which organized proposed indicators of faculty in five areas. Its content and face validity was approved by expert panel. The percent age of responses to each item was calculated. According to the expert idea, items with more than agreement on the necessity were proposed to be included in faculty description ( indicators in five areas). areas were: faculty demography ( indicators), employment status (four indicators), educational activities ( indicators), research activities and capabilities (nine indicators), and administrative activities and services (four indicators). It seems that developing a faculty description including the proposed indicators could meet at least some information needs of academic managers in decision- making for faculty affairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Comparative Analysis of Sufi Sheikhs Viewpoints on the Description of Beloved's Beauty
Mahboobeh Moslemi Zadeh Mehdi MomtahenWhen mysticism entered the Persian poetry and romantic themes were combined with mystical ones, they were applied as symbols to express mystical meanings, so that it caused disagreements between some Sheikhs and persuaded them to write the books and treaties, to give so MoreWhen mysticism entered the Persian poetry and romantic themes were combined with mystical ones, they were applied as symbols to express mystical meanings, so that it caused disagreements between some Sheikhs and persuaded them to write the books and treaties, to give some definitions and justifications of those terms according to their schools. This article intends to analyze the ideas of some Sufi Sheikhs such as Hojviri, Ahmad Ghazali, and 'Einul Qozat Hamadani about the terms and themes of describing the beloved, and it is limited to such terms as Zolf (hair), Chashm (eye), Khadd (cheek), Khal (mole) and Abru (eyebrow). Hojviei's idea about these terms is based on juridical and religious views especially while discussing on Sama'; Ahmad Qazali describes the states of the lover and the beloved in a coherent way to express a certain system and Einul Qozat Hamedani explains these terms in different situations and concepts, by citing some verses from the viewpoint of mysticism and introducing the Shahed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Mystical Descriptions Analysis in Two Works of Avaz Parjebraeel and Rood Ravi by Abootorab Khosravi
Hosniyeh Nejat zade Eidgahi Abolghasem GhavamThe universe and its surroundings are constantly changing. one of the sciences and its frequent changes that has long been known is the science of mysticism. As the intellectual and spiritual power of man develops, the bases of knowledge of truth and existence are trans MoreThe universe and its surroundings are constantly changing. one of the sciences and its frequent changes that has long been known is the science of mysticism. As the intellectual and spiritual power of man develops, the bases of knowledge of truth and existence are transformed. Abootorab is one of the Contemporary authors who look at the category of mysticism from the perspective of the contemporary man. The way of cognition, discovery, intuition and Happiness of achieving, as a matter of fact, it's the basis of mysticism that are analyzed and explained differently in the two effects of Avaz parjebraeel and Rood Ravi. The four fundamental themes of "creation", " Unity of existence ", " Myths " and "light and color" are surveyed in both works from the novel perspective. it is important to contemplate his narratives from the direction of mystical commentary and its effect on descriptive tactics. the method of this inquiry is analytic- descriptive.The main question of this study is based on whether by studying the mystical works of Abootorab, it can be found a new Perspective in the context of mysticism and consequently the analysis of different types of descriptive tissue in the text?The results of this study show that the mystical works of Abootorab Khosravi have the ability to provide novel paths of mysticism and analysis of Modern chains of description. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Introduction and Criticism on Outstanding Descriptions over Shabestari’s Golshaneraz
Abdolhosein LatifiPoems of Golshan­e­raz can truly be encountered as a complete course of speculative mysticism and even its certificate. in spite of its small bulk and its few couplets, Golshan­e­raz explains the valuable and deep contents of mysticism exactly. These cha MorePoems of Golshan­e­raz can truly be encountered as a complete course of speculative mysticism and even its certificate. in spite of its small bulk and its few couplets, Golshan­e­raz explains the valuable and deep contents of mysticism exactly. These characteristics have complicated an exact understanding even for the experts. Thus numerous descriptions have been written on it. Introducing the most signiticant descriptions of Golshan­raz, this article seeks to assert and criticize the prominent attributes of them briefly. As a conclusion, it can be said that among the important descriptions of Golshan­e­raz, Mafatihol­eajaz is the most significant and effective one; because it deals with all couplets of Golshan­e­raz and its contents are very deep and complicated simultaneously so that the latter descriptions are more or less affected by it . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The place of imaginary images in describing the human elements of Shahnameh
hossein azizpour moallem Hosein Ali Pasha Pasandi Suzan JahanianDescribing and illustrating is one of the most important abilities of a poet in creating a poetic work; Because he does this by using his mental and scientific resources and using linguistic and expressive possibilities. Ferdowsi Shahnameh is one of the poems that has a MoreDescribing and illustrating is one of the most important abilities of a poet in creating a poetic work; Because he does this by using his mental and scientific resources and using linguistic and expressive possibilities. Ferdowsi Shahnameh is one of the poems that has a high status from this perspective. Hakim Toos has finally described the artist using novel images and arrays of situations, people, conversations, scenes and events, and has created original, attractive and lasting images. In this article, an attempt is made to examine the position of imaginary images in describing the human elements of Shahnameh, which include body parts, physical and moral characteristics of human beings. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and the information has been collected based on library studies. A study of the imaginary descriptions of the human elements of the Shahnameh indicates that Ferdowsi described the characters in the best way by using metaphors, metaphors, allusions and metaphors, especially similes, artistically and creatively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigation Of Semantic norm deviation In Bahmanname Descriptions
mohammad noor ghaedzade khamiri Majid Hajizade maryam gholamreza beigiBahmannameh is of great value in terms of epic style and expression, especially in the field of description, because the description element is one of the criteria for measuring the quality of an epic work and is a means to make the various scenes in epic poetry more ta MoreBahmannameh is of great value in terms of epic style and expression, especially in the field of description, because the description element is one of the criteria for measuring the quality of an epic work and is a means to make the various scenes in epic poetry more tangible. In this work, tools such as simile, metaphor, allowed and irony have been used to express descriptions. These tools are a means of creating poetry and are considered as semantic norm deviation in the study of different types of deviations. Semantic norm deviation, which is one of the methods of highlighting language, is in fact a violation of the characteristics governing the use of words in the standard language. In this article, after giving an introduction about highlighting and its types, an attempt has been made to deal with various types of semantic norm deviations, including its various cases, including similes and metaphors. The research method in this article is descriptive and the data have been reviewed using the content technique in a library manner. The study population is Bahmannameh Hakim Iranshah Ibn Abi Al-Khair edited by Rahim Afifi. The findings of this study show that in the mentioned work in the field of semantic deviation, visualization is more manifested than abstractionism because the epicist tries to depict strange and complex events with a tangible and material expression clearly and explicitly in front of the reader. Another finding of this research is the high frequency of metaphors and metaphors of anthropomorphism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Critical discourse in independent images of Ebtehaj's poetry based on the characteristics of Norman Fairclough
mohammad shahbadizadeh leila kobari ghotbi javad mehraban ghezelhesarCritical discourse is a theoretical linguistics and critiques whose principles and components are issues of power and are characterized by different discourses with specific characteristics that address and examine the two aspects of the form and meaning of the text. De MoreCritical discourse is a theoretical linguistics and critiques whose principles and components are issues of power and are characterized by different discourses with specific characteristics that address and examine the two aspects of the form and meaning of the text. Descriptive-analytical We have evaluated and analyzed critical discourse in independent poetic images of Ebtehaj based on the view of Norman Fairclough. The results of this researcher are at the level of description, use of language, use of rhetorical aspects and secondary meanings of call and interrogation and dominance of vocabulary which indicates protest, conflict, sorrow and compassion. It is prominent in Ebtehaj's poems. At the level of interpretation and from the perspective of intertextuality, Ebtehaj's poems in the form of explicit and implicit intertextuality are influenced by classical poets (especially Hafez and Rumi). At the level of explanation, one can also achieve the hegemony of the idea of protest and emphasis on change and otherness in Ebtehaj's poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Narrative Artistic Description in the Story of Samak-e Ayyar
Mohmmad sadegh Nazerian mah nazariOne of the most important and effective factors for depicting the nature and quality of being and human societies is descriptive.The writer can use the attributes of his taste to visualize. Prominent elementin Samake Ayyar’s story is the visualization and use of v MoreOne of the most important and effective factors for depicting the nature and quality of being and human societies is descriptive.The writer can use the attributes of his taste to visualize. Prominent elementin Samake Ayyar’s story is the visualization and use of virtual language that utilizes sensory and educational experiences with a descriptive grammatical or artistic-literary language and descriptive, and individuals or objects and, in general, the factors involved in the story. Cause an image has been presented in such a way that it can be described as a graphic story. Because in the narrative system, it has more visual signs. In the course of telling stories that have social cultural aspects, in addition to describing the different classes of court, lifestyle, and concerns, with issues and events, actions and unrealistic events (magical realism).In this article, the role of definitions, the narrative period and the advent of the story are examined, and the effective factors in the illustration of this story have been featured in descriptive-analytical manifestations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Features of description in kush name
mohammadnoor ghaedzade khamiri Majid Hajizade Maryam gholamrezabeigiDescribing one of the most effective objects in illustration and a type of expression by which one can create objects, people, behaviors and scenes with words, since the description has a strong link to the epic type, so the poet uses it in his support to visualize and MoreDescribing one of the most effective objects in illustration and a type of expression by which one can create objects, people, behaviors and scenes with words, since the description has a strong link to the epic type, so the poet uses it in his support to visualize and visualize because the element of description is a means to make the various scenes tangible and tangible in the context of epic poetry on the basis of epic poetry. This article examines the subject of description in kush name with descriptive-analytical method. The results show that different subjects such as nature, persons, abstract matters, time, place, objects, gifts, battlefield and animals are described in Kush Nama.In order to demonstrate the descriptive power of the speaker of the system, his descriptions are first looked at in a grammatical aspect and then the analysis of poetic grammatical techniques has been discussed The frequency of grammatical techniques is higher than poetic ones. Among grammatical techniques, adjective has the highest frequency and among poetic techniques, simile has the highest frequency. Furthermore, in this system, the poet sometimes uses a few participlus techniques in describing a single subject and sometimes uses a technique successively in describing different subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Another reading of a couplet of Hafez
Yadollah PashabadiAngles of reflection and careful about the words and meanings of Hafez Shirazi has discovered his poems leads. What this study is to explore and analyze is the couplet:این همه شعبدة خویش که میکرد اینجا سامری پیش عصا و ید بیضا میکردmeaning: It's all the black magic him MoreAngles of reflection and careful about the words and meanings of Hafez Shirazi has discovered his poems leads. What this study is to explore and analyze is the couplet:این همه شعبدة خویش که میکرد اینجا سامری پیش عصا و ید بیضا میکردmeaning: It's all the black magic himselve to do, Samaritan ago cane and iodine infrount of the Mousas miracle.In this paper, a proposal on how to read these couplet, based on the reasoning and finding point of view and details related to this couplet has been proposed in order to overcome the complexity and the paraphrase on this couplet, and based on the hypothesis compositionall second verse, and descriptive analysis was performed. The deconstruction of it, confirming the hypothesis that.***Angles of reflection and careful about the words and meanings of Hafez Shirazi has discovered his poems leads. What this study is to explore and analyze is the couplet:این همه شعبدة خویش که میکرد اینجا سامری پیش عصا و ید بیضا میکردmeaning: It's all the black magic himselve to do, Samaritan ago cane and iodine infrount of the Mousas miracle.In this paper, a proposal on how to read these couplet, based on the reasoning and finding point of view and details related to this couplet has been proposed in order to overcome the complexity and the paraphrase on this couplet, and based on the hypothesis compositionall second verse, and descriptive analysis was performed. The deconstruction of it, confirming the hypothesis that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Description in Forugh Farrokhzad’s Poetry
Mahboobeh Mobasheri Zahra Kian bakhtType and modality of ‘description’ has always had significance and special manifestation in the poetry of different periods of Persian Literature, so that study and analysis of descriptions is highly ins MoreType and modality of ‘description’ has always had significance and special manifestation in the poetry of different periods of Persian Literature, so that study and analysis of descriptions is highly instrumental in stylistic trends of literary works. In contemporary poetry also analysis of descriptions in many cases demonstrates norm –breaking and innovative approaches of poets, in consequence of their regarding affairs from a novel viewpoint. Due to significance of descriptions and their sublime position in literary works it is necessary to investigate these works in this regard. The present study firstly seeks to investigate types of description in Forough Farrokhzad’s poetry on the basis of some definitions in Arabic language and literature, and also the tropes the poet has practiced in this regard such as simile and personification as the most frequent ones. Secondly, epithets are analyzed in terms of grammatical concerns. These epithets are categorized according to Dr. Ali-mohamad Haghshenas’ Persian grammar and treatment of each epithet considering their grammatical structures is examined statistically. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Saliency Cognition of Urban Monuments Based on Verbal Descriptions of Mental-Spatial Representations (Case Study: Urban Monuments in Qazvin)
Asieh Sameh Armin Bahramian Mohsen Faizi -
Open Access Article
39 - Review and analysis of the formal structure of a Tansar Narrated by Ebne Esfandiar Abstract
آسیه ذبیح نیا عمرانThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi Those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Z MoreThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi Those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Zahed in their forthright opinions and religious beliefs, political, social And ... Has raised her. The study of these letters can be religious Level knowledge and mastery of the issues this personality, social and ... Realize.Letters reflect the opinion of this character are unmistakable. Tansar letters of three parts:As a starter, main and end up being written, that each of these three parts take also such subsidiary organs.Tansar language in bold letters, and the audience, no doubt, hesitation and his impurity in Remarks he Can not find Whatever Tall Spirit him harassment Gives On the Psyche paper makes Without fear and had several issues with passion Were Proposed Addition to the mentioned, the text of this letter, clearly, can be found in the author's intellectual scholar with a rich cultural and religious backed with suffering writes. Overall, this study gives the audience the indescribable Hzy the letters Wil serverl that can help him through life, and also causing provide information. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Review and analysis of the formal structure of a Tansar Narrated by Ebne Esfandiar
aseyeh zabiehniaThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Z MoreThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Zahed in their forthright opinions and religious beliefs, political, social And ... Has raised her. The study of these letters can be religious Level knowledge and mastery of the issues this personality, social and ... Realize.Letters reflect the opinion of this character are unmistakable. Tansar letters of three parts:As a starter, main and end up being written, that each of these three parts take also such subsidiary organs.Tansar language in bold letters, and the audience, no doubt, hesitation and his impurity in Remarks he Cannot find Whatever Tall Spirit him harassment Gives On the Psyche paper makes Without fear and had several issues with passion Were Proposed Addition to the mentioned, the text of this letter, clearly, can be found in the author's intellectual scholar with a rich cultural and religious backed with suffering writes. Overall, this study gives the audience the indescribable Hzy the letters Wil serverl that can help him through life and also causing provide information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Research in historiography Bayhaqī Author profile
auoob mansuriIn this article we tried to say : the Beihaghi history,beyond the colloquial sense about the history book,in fact is an expressive moral,social and literary book, and in addition to having the features of reports,newspaper and film composing, it is like a historical sto MoreIn this article we tried to say : the Beihaghi history,beyond the colloquial sense about the history book,in fact is an expressive moral,social and literary book, and in addition to having the features of reports,newspaper and film composing, it is like a historical story and its a history of another kind. This article is ful of rhetoric and is a mirror of Beihaghi period. The Beihaghis excellent and quasi-cinematic descriptions is a place for contemplation. One of the most efficient and dramatic descriptions in Beihaghi history appears on «the gallows of Hasanak.» Beihaghi is awar of his moral duty,and his work is like an ethical book and his language is a courteous language,he does not use of discourteous words and makes decorous and trim sentences,the length and width he has given to his work, has broken the narrow frame of history and led his work to the realm of literature and novels. Beihaghi, with ambition,assiduity and patience in observing and recording the details and displaying the events and characterization and writing the dialogues and creating a sense of suspense in the audience, could write the first Persian historical novel with most central element ,namely characterization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - A Way to Reduce Effects of Packet Loss in Video Streaming Using Multiple Description Coding
Mahboobe Shabanyan Ehsan Akhtarkavan -
Open Access Article
43 - A Method to Reduce Effects of Packet Loss in Video Streaming Using Multiple Description Coding
Mahboobe Shabaniyan Ehsan Akhtarkavan -
Open Access Article
44 - Sociological study of organizational communications between line and staff personnel Elmi- Karbordi University in Tehran
Shahnaz Aliakbari Shahnaz HashemiAccording to the importance of line and staff personnel in increasing theefficiency and effectiveness of an organization, there are somemisunderstandings in the relationships of these two groups of personnel.The final result of this misunderstanding is the decrease of e MoreAccording to the importance of line and staff personnel in increasing theefficiency and effectiveness of an organization, there are somemisunderstandings in the relationships of these two groups of personnel.The final result of this misunderstanding is the decrease of efficiency in anorganization. Based on the significance of this issue, in this research therelationship between line and staff personnel in comprehensive Universityhas been investigated. For this purpose the current and desired status ofcommunications have been asked in a researcher-made questionnaire (with26 items) and have been distributed among 210 people in line and 60people in staff in educational vice chancellor domain of Elmi- KarbordiUniversity of Tehran. The results show that, there is a significant differencebetween the current and desired situation in all hypothesizes of the study.Also based on the results, status of communications is better in line ratherthan staff personnel. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Changes to the lawsuit regarding the validity of the judgment are judged
Ali Omrani Hasan Pashazadeh Esmaeil SaghiriIn this article, we want to study the impact of the change in the dispute on the validity of the validity of the judgment given. In this regard, we are confronted with the question that the change in the direction of the dispute applies to the change in the direction of MoreIn this article, we want to study the impact of the change in the dispute on the validity of the validity of the judgment given. In this regard, we are confronted with the question that the change in the direction of the dispute applies to the change in the direction of the verdict, or whether it is necessary to change the subject of the dispute so that we can make a change in the course of the dispute and, consequently, in the absence of the truth of the validity of the judgment. The majority of writers consider the legal description of the court to be necessary for the realization of the concept, and most of the disagreement over the possibility of redefining the subject's thematic and the possibility of filing a claim is merely a change in description. After studying the concept of credit, the judgment is judged and judicial decisions are subject to this rule and relying on this thinking based on the fact that the lawsuits are subject to the subject realization and not to the point, the existence of the ruling is also ruled out, with caution We have come to the conclusion that changing the direction of the dispute will not be true by changing the direction of the verdict but by changing the direction of the matter. Manuscript profile -
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46 - تاثیر استفاده از فعالیت های مختلف در یاد گیری حروف اضافه در کلاسهایی با تعامل افزایشی صورت محور و معنی محور
سعیده آهنگری بیوک بهنام هانیه دواتگری اصلتحقیق حاضر به بررسی تاثیر استفاده از فعالیت های مختلف در یادگیری حروف اضافه در کلاسهایی با محوریت تعامل افزایشی صورت محور و معنی محور می پردازد. شرکت کنندگان در این تحقیق 57 نفر از دانشجوبان ترم دوم دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز می باشند که در کلاسهای گفت و شنود 3 ثبت Moreتحقیق حاضر به بررسی تاثیر استفاده از فعالیت های مختلف در یادگیری حروف اضافه در کلاسهایی با محوریت تعامل افزایشی صورت محور و معنی محور می پردازد. شرکت کنندگان در این تحقیق 57 نفر از دانشجوبان ترم دوم دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز می باشند که در کلاسهای گفت و شنود 3 ثبت نام نموده اند.در این تحقیق 2 گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل وجود دارد. گروه آزمایش اول از تعامل افزایشی صورت محور و گروه آزمایش دوم از تعامل افزایشی معنی محور برخودار شدند و این در حالیست که در گروه کنترل از هیچ نوع تعامل افزایشی استفاده نگردیده است . در ابتدا به منظور تعیین همسطح بودن شرکت کنندگان این تحقیق ازآزمون PET استفاده شده است. در طول 12 جلسه شرکت کنندگان با استفاده از دو فعالیت توصیف کتبی و شفاهی داستان استفاده از حروف اضافه را تمرین کردند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که شرکت کنندگانی که از تعامل افزایشی معنی محور برخوردار بودند در توصیف شفاهی داستان و استفاده از حروف اضافه موفق تر از گروه آزمایش با تعامل افزایشی صورت محور و گروه کنترل بودند. این در حالیست که شرکت کنندگان در گروهی که از تعامل افزایشی صورت محور برخوردار بودند عملکردی بهتراز سایر گروهها در توصیف کتبی داستان و استفاده از حروف اضافه داشتند. Manuscript profile -
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47 - تاثیر انواع مختلف بازخورد اصلاحی نوشتاری معلم بر روی صحت نوشته های زبان آموزان ایرانی
مهران داوری بینا سیدحسین کریمیپژوهش حاضر که یک تحقیق شبه تجربی بوده و بدنبال بررسی تاثیر انواع مختلف بازخورد اصلاحی نوشتاری معلم بر روی صحت نوشته های زبان آموزان ایرانی در استفاده از حروف تعریف انگلیسی(معین و نامعین) و زمان گذشته ساده(افعال باقاعده و بی قاعده) می باشد. نود و چهار زبان آموز ایرانی در Moreپژوهش حاضر که یک تحقیق شبه تجربی بوده و بدنبال بررسی تاثیر انواع مختلف بازخورد اصلاحی نوشتاری معلم بر روی صحت نوشته های زبان آموزان ایرانی در استفاده از حروف تعریف انگلیسی(معین و نامعین) و زمان گذشته ساده(افعال باقاعده و بی قاعده) می باشد. نود و چهار زبان آموز ایرانی در قالب سه گروه آزمایشی شامل گروه بازخورد مستقیم(24نفر)،گروه بازخورد غیر مستقیم(24نفر)،گروه بازخورد مستقیم+غیر مستقیم(24نفر) گروهبندی شدند. همسانی گروههای شرکت کننده از طریق عملکرد آنها در آزمون مهارت و پیش آزمون بررسی شد. در طول شش جلسه ،هر یک از سه گروه بازخورد مربوطه را دریافت کردند.ورقه ها به انضمام توضیحات به دانش آموزان بازگردانده شد. در دو مرحله(پیش آزمون و پس آزمون) دانش آموزان آزمون توصیف تصویر را کامل کردند.نتایج تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه،به لحاظ آماری تفاوت معناداری در عملکرد سه گروه نشان داد.علاوه بر این،تحلیل تعقیبی Scheffeنشان داد که گروه مستقیم نسبت به گروه مستقیم+غیرمستقیم بهتر عمل کردند و گروه مستقیم+غیرمستقیم نیز نسبت به گروه غیر مستقیم بهتر عمل کردند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - بررسی مقابله ای تاثیر ارئه واژگان متضاد و توصیفی در توضیحات جداگانه داخل متن بر خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان زبان انگلیس
هانیه قاسمی مونا خبیریتحقیق فوق جهت بررسی مقابله ای تأثیر ارایه واژگان مخالف و توصیفات در توضیحات جداگانه داخل متن بر روی درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی می باشد. این تحقیق در طول یک ترم از سال تحصیلی انجام شده است. جهت انجام دادن این تحقیق 60 دانش آموز متوسط مونث با میانگین سنی بین 18و 19 سال ا Moreتحقیق فوق جهت بررسی مقابله ای تأثیر ارایه واژگان مخالف و توصیفات در توضیحات جداگانه داخل متن بر روی درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی می باشد. این تحقیق در طول یک ترم از سال تحصیلی انجام شده است. جهت انجام دادن این تحقیق 60 دانش آموز متوسط مونث با میانگین سنی بین 18و 19 سال از میان 90 دانش آموزی که عملکرد آنها از طریق آزمون آزمایشی پت بدست آمده بود انتخاب شدند. این 60 شرکت کننده به دو گروه 30 نفره با واژگان متضاد داخل متن و 30 نفره با واژگان توصیفی داخل متن تقسیم شدند. در طول فرایند این تحقیق به یک گروه متن هایی با واژگان متضاد داخل متن و به گروه دیگر متن هایی با واژگان توصیفی داخل متن ارایه داده شد. در آخر فرایند این تحقیق یک آزمون پت دیگر به هر دو گروه ارایه شد و نمرات میانگین آنها در آن آزمون از طریق روش آماری t-test نمونه های مستقل مقایسه شد. نتیجه بدست آمده سبب رد شدن فرضیه صفر شد و در نتیجه ثابت شد که یاد گیرندگان گروه واژگان توصیفی داخل متن به طور قابل توجهی در مقایسه با گروه واژگان متضاد داخل متن از درک مطلب بهتری برخوردار شدند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - بررسی مقابلهای تاثیر گفتگوی مشارکتی هم سطح و نا هم سطح بر بیشرفت مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی
پرویز مفتون ناصر غفوریبزوهش حاضر به بررسی مقابله ای تاثیر گفتگوی دوطرفه بین زبان آموزان هم سطح و نا هم سطح بر مهارت نوشتاری آنان می بردازد. شصت دانشجوی دختررشته ی آموزش زبان انگلیسی در این بزوهش شرکت نمودند. شرکت کنندگان بر اساس نمرات آزمون بسامد زبان انگلیس به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه هم سط Moreبزوهش حاضر به بررسی مقابله ای تاثیر گفتگوی دوطرفه بین زبان آموزان هم سطح و نا هم سطح بر مهارت نوشتاری آنان می بردازد. شصت دانشجوی دختررشته ی آموزش زبان انگلیسی در این بزوهش شرکت نمودند. شرکت کنندگان بر اساس نمرات آزمون بسامد زبان انگلیس به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه هم سطح شامل چهارده دانشجو بود که با دانشجویان دیگری که سطح بسامد انگلیسی مشابهی داشتند به گفتگو و مشارکت می برداختند درحالیکه گروه نا هم سطح شامل شانزده دانشجوی ضعیف می شد که با افرادی با نمرات بالا تر گفتگو و همکاری می کردند. دانشجویان در هر دو گروه در یک بیش آزمون و سه بس آزمون نوشتاری شرکت کردند. به منظور مقایسه ی میانگین نمرات آزمون ها از روش آ ماری تحلیل واریانس و روش کمترین تفاوت معنی دار فیشر استفاده گردید. در هر دو گروه بطور مشابه افزایش معنی داری از بیش آزمون به هر سه بس آزمون مشاهده گردید. یافته های این بزوهش بر اساس نظریه ی اجتماعی فرهنگی ویگوتسکی توضیح داده می شوند. این بزوهش شامل چندین توصیه آموزشی مهم و نیز چندین بیشنهاد برای تحقیقات آینده می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Lawful-Judicial Survey of the Nature and Descriptions of Barter Contract
yasser abdi morteza nasiri morteza nasiri Morteza Shabazinia fakhroddin AsghariBarter contract is the method of conditional import of goods or services for exporting them and their exchange instead payment of foreign exchange. Based on new international trade agreements, barter agreements are not included in the jurisprudence discussion however, t MoreBarter contract is the method of conditional import of goods or services for exporting them and their exchange instead payment of foreign exchange. Based on new international trade agreements, barter agreements are not included in the jurisprudence discussion however, there is the same legal entity for the nature and description of barter trade in jurisprudence and domestic law. This article, with study in same legal entity, also refers to the jurisprudence which justifies this problem and concludes that one of the contracts listed in article 10 of the civil code is sufficient for necessary and validity of the contracts. On the other hand, with regard to the nature of barter contracts, it can be referred that descriptions such as common purpose, a composite contract, necessity, unconditional and valuable consideration as the same descriptions in barter contracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Juridical and Legal Study of the Alternatives to the Sale of Salaf Oil Securities in Secondary Market
Abdolhosen Shiravi Hadi RahmaniSelling Salaf commodity before maturity is forbidden by Islam, so making a secondary market for these securities is not possible within common procedures. Hence we have to find a new way to make a secondary market for these securities. Some proposed ways are parallel Sa MoreSelling Salaf commodity before maturity is forbidden by Islam, so making a secondary market for these securities is not possible within common procedures. Hence we have to find a new way to make a secondary market for these securities. Some proposed ways are parallel Salaf, assignment through agency and Solh of Salaf commodity, all of which have shortcomings that puts the formation of secondary markets in trouble. Combination of parallel Salaf and assignment (Havaleh) seems to be the most complete proposal, yet there are still many problems with it. This study attempts to challenge them and another way that is considering securities as Circulating Rights. Circulating Rights is a matter that is considered in foreign law systems and is not compatible with Islamic Jurisprudence rules. But we can somewhat accept this rules in our system when combining them with Islamic rules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Transactions with the right of informal restitution with a jurisprudential attitude
Ali Talebi Najatullah Abrahamian mansor aminiSince in the judicial procedure of Iran, the current government considers ordinary documents as valid, many people conclude a transaction with the right of extradition through an ordinary document in order to escape from the restrictions stipulated in Article 34 of the MoreSince in the judicial procedure of Iran, the current government considers ordinary documents as valid, many people conclude a transaction with the right of extradition through an ordinary document in order to escape from the restrictions stipulated in Article 34 of the Registration Law. Some judges, referring to the provisions of the Civil Law regarding conditional sale, consider the transaction with the right of restitution to be valid, and some others subject this transaction to the provisions of Article 34 of the Registration Law. In terms of balance of exchange, this article identifies two different types of transaction with normal restitution rights: transactions that are subject to a valid exchange contract in terms of the principles of exchange contracts and contracts that do not have the characteristics of an exchange contract. Judges should recognize the transaction with the right of restitution in the event that it falls under the characteristics of the sale of a real condition, and refrain from recognizing the transaction with the right of virtual and unreal restitution, and include these transactions in the mortgage contract to protect the creditor or the buyer Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Violation of “A Criticism on Qasemi Gonabadi’s Leili and Majnun, Corrected by Dr. Zahra Ekhteyari”
زهرا اختیاریMasnavi of Layli and Majnun, written by Ghasemi Al-Hosayni Gonabadi (982 AD Deyar bakr), was published in 2014 by Zahra Ekhteyari’s introduction, correction and annotation. Two respectable students by claiming of description of verses, have written a criticism in MoreMasnavi of Layli and Majnun, written by Ghasemi Al-Hosayni Gonabadi (982 AD Deyar bakr), was published in 2014 by Zahra Ekhteyari’s introduction, correction and annotation. Two respectable students by claiming of description of verses, have written a criticism in less than 10 pages on it. This article is written to violate and criticize their scrip. They have claim of description, without describing even one verse. Their script is mostly incorrect, inefficient and long writing. Sometimes, they have quoted some parts of the corrector’s descriptions by their own names. In some cases, they have added a second meaning to some interpretations, whereas the corrector’s method is on balance and not on verbosity; so she consciously didn’t use different meanings of one interpretation. They also plagiarize from the introduction of the book, which the corrector has written. Their script is published in a journal which isn’t approved by Science Ministry. Verbosity and false reasoning, are the most important features of the script. Their criticisms aren’t based on scientific reasons, so I don’t accept them and I fairly presented my reasons. I advise these two students to read the book more carefully and fairly, also to study the methodology of correcting text, writing introduction and formatting text.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Comparison of Pictorial Descriptions of Nezami's Khosrow and Shirin with the Beloved in Saadi's Ghazals
Rozita Jafary naghmeh moazeniStudies on the structure of romantic narratives in Persian literature show that a narrative grammar consisting of three elements of love, Beloved and lover, can be traced within the structure of this literary genre. Accordingly, one of the elements of expressing love in MoreStudies on the structure of romantic narratives in Persian literature show that a narrative grammar consisting of three elements of love, Beloved and lover, can be traced within the structure of this literary genre. Accordingly, one of the elements of expressing love in lyrical texts is "resorting to descriptions and images". But contemplation in lyrical texts of Persian literature suggests that such illustrations and descriptions are different, depending on the work being narrative or non-narrative as well as the views and attitudes of the poet. So the comparison of the descriptions in Saadi's ghazals with Nezami's Khosrow and Shirin (narrative text) clearly illustrates the fact., the study is to compare the descriptions in Saadi's ghazals with Nezami's Khosrow and Shirin. According to the results, the investigation of pictorial descriptions in Khosrow and Shirin and the descriptions of the beloved in Saadi's ghazals represent a dramatic transformation in Persian love poetry, which is more than anything else the result of changes in the attitudes and stylistic views of the two poets as well as the type of narration of the two literary works. Saadi mostly adheres to describing the apparent details and inner states of the beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - An Inquiry to the Meaning of a Verse of Hafez
Mehdi Tadayyon Seyed Ali Mahmoudi Lahijaniحافظ اگر سجدة تو کرد مکن عیب کافر عشق ای صنم گناه نداردThis verse is one of the verses that seem complex and ambiguous in terms of meaning. Many commentators misinterpreted the meaning of the verse, which rooted in the lack of observation of the exact meaning of the com Moreحافظ اگر سجدة تو کرد مکن عیب کافر عشق ای صنم گناه نداردThis verse is one of the verses that seem complex and ambiguous in terms of meaning. Many commentators misinterpreted the meaning of the verse, which rooted in the lack of observation of the exact meaning of the composition "unbeliever to love", which has caused most commentators have referred to the general meaning of the verse and they did not interpret the key phrases. Therefore, most of the descriptions of this verse are not based on correct logic and reasoning, and some commentators have repeated the same mistakes of their predecessors. Accordingly, this question is raised that what is the meaning of this verse based on the prevailing thought of Hafez's sonnets? This article is focused on reviewing the critiques of the verse and their critique. Based on the meaning of the combination of "unbeliever to love" in Persian literature, it can be seen that the beloved blamed Hafiz for prostrating to others than god, and in response, Hafiz considered the infidel of love innocent of any sin and error; Because this mistake and sin arise by the lover. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Decorative, Explanatory and Symbolic Function of Descriptions in Lyrical works based on Leili and Majnoon, Josef and Zuleika, Salaman and Absal
Hosein Aghahoseini hajar fathi najafabadiThe poets of narrative poems have used description to character settlement and space making, to create attractive narration. Genette has analysied description and its relation between narration and Narrative. He has accepted three Functions about description: Decorative MoreThe poets of narrative poems have used description to character settlement and space making, to create attractive narration. Genette has analysied description and its relation between narration and Narrative. He has accepted three Functions about description: Decorative function, Explanatory function and Symbolic function. In this research, in Descriptive - Analytical method, Functions of descriptions have analyzed in Jami's three systems, Josef and Zuleika, Leili and Majnoon and Salaman and Absal to Determine Quality and use of descriptions with different functions and make an answer that which functions lyric systems have? The most common idea is that Symbolic function is just for Erfani systems but this function has many Concepts in systems but to understand concepts should study historical, geographic, Religious, Ethnic, National areas so should use Semiology. Prologue is one of Explanatory functions in Leili and Majnoon and there is no Symbolic function in Salaman and Absal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Description and Image of beloved’s Face in “The Youth” by Bizhan Elahi
Hadi Tayteh Mahsa ImaniberenjabadBizhan Elahi is one of the poets of ‘other poems’ who has paid attention to the aesthetic layer and the rhetorical elements in the collection of ‘Youths’ despite the lyrical language and attention to the element of emotion. In Youths, this entang MoreBizhan Elahi is one of the poets of ‘other poems’ who has paid attention to the aesthetic layer and the rhetorical elements in the collection of ‘Youths’ despite the lyrical language and attention to the element of emotion. In Youths, this entanglement of the two elements of emotion and rhetoric has also spread to the description of the beloved's face and his features and states. The face of the beloved in Bizhan Elahi's Youth is sensual and the kind of love is bodily in his poems. Elahi uses lyrical language in a type of white poetry that is closest to the nature of prose. In this research, the beloved face is described and analyzed, including the eyes, the skin of the beloved’s face, forehead and eyelids, the body and heart of the beloved, and the characteristics, actions and reactions, moods and behaviors of the beloved, including endearment, the mutual love of the lover and the beloved, and how these states get expressed in lyrical and literary language are examined and analyzed. As well, the similarity of the beloved to other phenomena and rhetorical images related to the face, body and characteristics of the beloved are analyzed and described. The aesthetic aspect of the beloved's face, the type of behavior, actions and reactions and the characteristics of the beloved become more and more obvious. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical method, while expressing the poet's descriptions of the beloved, we express the aesthetic layers and rhetorical elements resulting from these descriptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Level of Grammatical Proficiency and Acquisition of Functional Projections: The case of Iranian learners of English language
Fariba Khorvash Ahmadreza Lotfi Ahmad Ameri-Golestan -
Open Access Article
59 - Recognition and Exploration of Ardestani Dialect
ghorban ali ebrahimiThis paper aims to explore and describe Ardestani dialect. Ardestan is located in the northeast of Isfahan and is neighbors with cities of Garmsar, foothills of Isfahan, Nain, Natanz, Aran and Bidgol. Ardestani is a part of an analogous group of dialect sets in central MoreThis paper aims to explore and describe Ardestani dialect. Ardestan is located in the northeast of Isfahan and is neighbors with cities of Garmsar, foothills of Isfahan, Nain, Natanz, Aran and Bidgol. Ardestani is a part of an analogous group of dialect sets in central Iran. Among the various dialects of central Iran, Ardestani, along with Anaraki, Behdini, Naini, Zefrei, and the Jewš of Yazd and Kerman dialects, is categorized as southeastern dialect. Dialects of Central Iran themselves are a part of larger pool known as western Iranian dialects. Ardestani, in terms of phonetics, is one of the most sophisticated and complex of Iranian dialects; unfortunately, except two other foreign papers, by Harold Bailey and Pierre Lecoq, no other notable or remarkable works have ever been done about it. In this study, the Ardestani dialect has been investigated and described in phonetical, morphological and syntactic contexts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Hardware Implementation of LMS-Based Adaptive Noise Cancellation Core with Low Resource Utilization
Omid Sharifi Tehrani Mohsen Ashorian Payman Moallem A hardware implementation of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) core is proposed. Adaptive filters are widely used in different applications such as adaptive noise cancellation, prediction, equalization, inverse modeling and system identification. FIR adaptive filt More A hardware implementation of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) core is proposed. Adaptive filters are widely used in different applications such as adaptive noise cancellation, prediction, equalization, inverse modeling and system identification. FIR adaptive filters are mostly used because of their low computation costs and their linear phase. Least mean squared algorithm (LMS) is used to train FIR adaptive filter weights. Advances in semiconductor technology especially in digital signal processors (DSP) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) with hundreds of mega hertz in speed, will allow digital designers to embed essential digital signal processing units in small chips. But designing a synthesizable core on an FPGA is not always as simple as DSP chips due to complexity and limitations of FPGAs. In this paper we design anLMS-based FIR adaptive filter for adaptive noise cancellation based on VHDL97 hardware description language (HDL) and Xilinx SPARTAN3E (XC3S500E) which utilizes low resources and is high performance and FPGA-brand independent so can be implemented on different FPGA brands (Xilinx, ALTERA, ACTEL). Simulations are done in MODELSIM and MATLAB and implementation is done with Xilinx ISE. Finally, result are compared with other papers for better judgment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - How to find Criteria for Dating Surahs In the Chronological Interpretation of the Qur'an
رضوانه دستجانی فراهانی abbas ashrafi ahmad akoochekianThe historiography of the Qur'an is considered a suitable criterion and tool for correcting or confirming many narrations, the causes of revelation, the order of revelation, determine the place of revelation in Mecca or Medina, and the Prophet’s biography. The fol MoreThe historiography of the Qur'an is considered a suitable criterion and tool for correcting or confirming many narrations, the causes of revelation, the order of revelation, determine the place of revelation in Mecca or Medina, and the Prophet’s biography. The following article, with an analytical and descriptive method and with the aim of getting acquainted with the correct and effective principles and criteria of the history of the Holy Quran, examines the dating methods of the commentators so that the solutions and possibility of writing new interpretations can be examined based on the order of revelation. The result of this research is that these theories alone cannot offer a comprehensive method for dating the Holy Quran. The preferred view focuses on this combined ijtihad process, which can pave the way for the dating of Sur by completing Rijālī, rational, historical studies in terms of statistical and mathematical probabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Introduction and critical review of manuscripts, structure and characteristics of Mohammad Darabi's commentary on Hafez's poems
Fariba Kazemi saeed Aiyoub Koushan Ali DehghanCommentaries, in addition to being able to provide a new point or reading of the text, somehow reflect the mentality of the era in which he lives. These works give a different interpretation according to the expectations of that age. In the current research, Mohammad Da MoreCommentaries, in addition to being able to provide a new point or reading of the text, somehow reflect the mentality of the era in which he lives. These works give a different interpretation according to the expectations of that age. In the current research, Mohammad Darabi's commentary on Hafez's poems has been examined and analyzed from a structural and content point of view. On the other hand, some of the most important manuscripts of this description have been evaluated along with explanations about them. The results show that it is necessary to be very careful in examining the manuscripts of this description because most of these manuscripts are very wrong and full of annotations. Some writers have also mentioned this issue and tried to correct the text. The history of many of these versions is based on speculation, and even in some cases, the introduced version is not related to the famous book "Latifeye Gheybi". In any case, the ideological reading of Hafez's poems, attribution of other people's poems to Hafez, lack of attention to vocabulary and symbols, and criticism of Sufis in Hafez's poems are among the characteristics of Darabi's commentary. This description, with all the problems it may have, from the point of view of "reader reaction" criticism, shows a part of the commentators' mentality in the Safavid era society. An era when Hafez's poetry is interpreted with the principles of Shiism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Novel Texture Description and Face Identification Methods by Defining Bridle Paths and Using Gabor Phases
Morteza Eliasi Mohammad Taghi Manzuri Zohreh Yaghoubi Ardalan Eliasi -
Open Access Article
64 - Risk Assessment of Bridge Construction Project through cost management phases
Abdulelah Ali Bader Al-Ablani Marwa Mekky Noura Al-Ghimlas Mohd Alam -
Open Access Article
65 - The Implementing of The Cataloguers Resource Description and Access (RDA) Rules at the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization libraries from the Viewpoint of librarians
Tayebeh Shahmirzadi Fatemeh Pazooki Mohsen Haji ZeanolabediniObjective: The overall purpose of this study is to identify the status of familiarity and acceptance of the standard of description and access to the source (ARD) by librarians of the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Method: In terms of purpo MoreObjective: The overall purpose of this study is to identify the status of familiarity and acceptance of the standard of description and access to the source (ARD) by librarians of the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Method: In terms of purpose, the present study is an applied one that measured the familiarity of 18 librarians working in the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization with RDAs through a questionnaire before and after training and their acceptance of the rules. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by content validity method and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and the results and findings of the research were presented in the form of tables and graphs (using Excel software). Results: The rate of familiarity of librarians with the meanings of cataloging in pre-training was average (43.65%) and then (23.23%) respectively. But after holding a one-day workshop, their awareness of these concepts changed to moderate (47.62%) and then high (23.81%). In general, librarians have agreed to accept RDA. Conclusion: The readiness and perspective for the acceptance of the rules of description and access to the source (RDA) by the catalogers working in the libraries of the organization is higher than the average level. The necessity of providing sufficient training to catalogers to take advantage of software based on new changes is a high priority and one of the main priorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Improving the semantic description of digital archive objects using descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model
Mohammad Hassan Azimi faeze sadat tabatabai amiriObjective: The aim is to study the application of descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model in improving the semantic description of digital archive objects. Methodology: Using the descriptive-analytical method, the research compared the elements of two MoreObjective: The aim is to study the application of descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model in improving the semantic description of digital archive objects. Methodology: Using the descriptive-analytical method, the research compared the elements of two archival description metadata schemes (encrypted archival description standard (AED) and international general archival description standard (ISAD). The mentioned plans were obtained from the website of the Library of Congress. and a table of comparative elements was prepared in Excel. In addition, descriptive metadata elements in the descriptive information of the RiC model, which takes into account the basic principles of organizing and describing the meaning of archival materials, were extracted and translated from its manuscript. Results: RiC-CM, at the same time, combines the descriptive entities provided by the International Council of Archives (ICA) and differentiates between them. Individuals should be described is not the same as the way a set of records should be described. Brick-based ISAD is a "multi-level" model and provides "multi-level description", as the description of archival entities is hierarchical in nature and often comes in multiple levels. RiC-CM has designed a "multi-dimensional description" and instead of a "multi-level" description in the form of a hierarchy, the description may be in the form of a diagram or a network. Therefore, in addition to describing archival entities, it considers entities in a wider context in relation to other entities; and improves the semantic description of digital archive objects. Conclusion: The target audience of the RiC conceptual model is the archival community, and its purpose is to provide the principles and methods of describing archives and by modifying the method of describing archival objects in the ISAD (G) standard, it enables archivists to correct and improve the description of records in digital archives. In addition, beyond the descriptive standards The current IKA moves both structurally and conceptually. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Content analysis of English travelers' translated books (itineraries) about Iran
Nahid Banieghbal azadeh heidariThis study is a survey of the English travelers' books (itineraries) which are translated into Persian. Method used is content analysis, according to the frequency of subject criteria. The research population is 60 travel books, from 64 travelers which are translated be MoreThis study is a survey of the English travelers' books (itineraries) which are translated into Persian. Method used is content analysis, according to the frequency of subject criteria. The research population is 60 travel books, from 64 travelers which are translated before 2005. Data were gathered by reading these travel books thoroughly and taking notes in details by the subject dealt. The results were organized in special tables for each class of subjects and the frequencies of subjects were counted. By analyzing these results, it is possible to say that because of the importance of travel books in the history of Iran and the need to an analytical survey on the different subject dealt in these books, this topic is chosen with the aim of supporting historians and researchers. Subject categories showed that travelers were interested in geographical situation of Iran (2376 times), they were written more about the climate, temperature, description and history of cities, rurals, and the geographical situation of them. There are 91 subject tables which belong to special subjects. From their expressed information, it is resulted that most of travelers (48 persons) were coming during Qajar dynasty, at the reign of the Naser-e-ddin Shah (16 persons), in the 20 century (33 persons), and during the 1900-1950 (26 persons). By studying their travel directions, in addition to determining their path from entering city to existing place in the country, the most visited cities were counted. Numbers shows that they were coming to Tehran more than any other cities (42 times), and Isfahan (31 times) and Qazvin (27 times) were in the second and third rank of attracting place for the travelers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The role of semantic web in information retrieval
shahrzad sharifi maryam shabanzad sima fayyazPurpose: The future web generation is the semantic web which creates interaction and cooperation between the man and the computer through mobilization of data with determined ontological elements. In other words, semantic web is a kind of coding and information retrieva MorePurpose: The future web generation is the semantic web which creates interaction and cooperation between the man and the computer through mobilization of data with determined ontological elements. In other words, semantic web is a kind of coding and information retrieval in a way that the machines (computer) would manage to process and comprehend data. Methodology: In this article, information is collected by literature review in regard to World Wide Web. Then, the necessity to create semantic web, advantages and problems of semantic web, using technologies such as eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Resource Description Framework (RDF), and web ontology, as the most important issues of semantic web, have also been taken into consideration. Findings: The results show that the ontologies are considered the spin of semantic web. Semantic web, using ontologies through providing conceptual structure for data, makes the ground work for correlated computers to intelligently find and furnish the researchers with the data. Conclusion: With the formation of semantic web, digital libraries can be based on meaning, and create major revolution in information retrieval. So access to online databases is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Common Themes in Persian and Arabic "Habsiyyehs"
صادق ابراهیمی کاوری رحیمه چولانیان "Habsiyyeh" is a kind of lyric poem, similar to an ode, the prevalent theme of which is "the prison" and "the prisoner". the prison, its walls and door, iron collar, chains, prisoners and the jailer as well as nostalgic feelings of the prisoner, his inner sentim More "Habsiyyeh" is a kind of lyric poem, similar to an ode, the prevalent theme of which is "the prison" and "the prisoner". the prison, its walls and door, iron collar, chains, prisoners and the jailer as well as nostalgic feelings of the prisoner, his inner sentiments, being away from relatives, the days and nights of the prison, and freedom are all subjects of habsiyyeh. The present article tries to examine Persian and Arabic Habsiyyehs and their common themes with respect to common cultural, social and religious backgrounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Mysticism in Versified Description of Garmābeh
پروانه سید الماسیIn some versified Persian literary texts certain characteristics of public bath (hammām) like the building and its parts, temperature and rituals of taking a bath are described, although the numbers of these texts are not very many. Some of the texts reflect the mystica MoreIn some versified Persian literary texts certain characteristics of public bath (hammām) like the building and its parts, temperature and rituals of taking a bath are described, although the numbers of these texts are not very many. Some of the texts reflect the mystical teachings and its rituals. In these texts, the poet, at first, compares hammam with Sufi monastery (Khanqāh) and then connects the rituals of taking a bath to rituals of mystic journey (Suluk). The present article, first tries to show the intellectual details and beauties of the poems, and then, explain the reasons for the reflection of some mystical elements in description of these bath buildings (hammāmz). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - A comparative study of "knowing the seller" in Iranian law With "Conformity of Goods" in the Convention on the International Sale of Goods
reza nakhaei ebrahim taqizadeh محمد حسین جعفریBackground and Deletion: According to Article 342 of the Iranian Civil Code, the quantity, material and description of the seller must be known, otherwise it will invalidate or create a right of termination for the buyer, as well as Article 35 of the Convention on Inter MoreBackground and Deletion: According to Article 342 of the Iranian Civil Code, the quantity, material and description of the seller must be known, otherwise it will invalidate or create a right of termination for the buyer, as well as Article 35 of the Convention on International Sale of Goods. 1980, the seller must deliver goods to the buyer that have the quantity, quality and description specified in the contract and if the quantity, quality and description in the contract does not match the goods offered, the buyer has the right to execute the same contract or terminate and demand Will be damaged. In the present article, the specificity of the seller in Iranian law has been done with a comparative study of the International Convention on the Sale of Goods approved in 1980 and the legal system of European countries.Method: The present research has been done by descriptive-analytical method through library studies.Findings and Results: Despite the many similarities in the two laws under study, there is a great difference between the two laws and each of the two laws has its own solutions. However, in Iranian law, failure to specify the amount, sex and description will invalidate or apply the option and terminate the contract, while in the Convention on the International Sale of Goods, a mandatory request for a contract, which includes the execution of the same contract, a request for goods It is a substitute and a request for modification or repair of the goods. Also, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - An Appraisal of Phenotypic Diversity Among Hazelnut Wild Germplasm from Northwest Iran
Ahmad Ershadi Javad Farrokhi Toolir Sona Hossein Ava Thomas Molnar -
Open Access Article
73 - Report of two species of the genera Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 and Cephalobus Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) from Semnan Province of Iran
نگین امیرزادی ابراهیم شکوهی علی اسکندریFree living cephalobid nematodes are bacteriovorus and found in the most soils. During study of soil samples from Semnan Province two species of this group viz. Cephalobus persegnis Bastian, 1865 and Acrobeloides nanus (De Man, 1880) Anderson, 1968 were isolated and ide MoreFree living cephalobid nematodes are bacteriovorus and found in the most soils. During study of soil samples from Semnan Province two species of this group viz. Cephalobus persegnis Bastian, 1865 and Acrobeloides nanus (De Man, 1880) Anderson, 1968 were isolated and identified from rizosphere of weed and apricot, respectively. The first species lacks labial probolae, short lateral lips, short spermatheca and postuterine sac, tail cylindrical and in some population have mucro. In Acrobeloides nanus corpus fusiform and labial probolae acute. Both species have smooth cuticle, stoma comprising cheilostome, gymnostome and stegostome, spermatheca and postuterine sac are short. Description, measurements and drawings were provided for both species. Thisis the first record of these species from Semnan Province and second record from Iran. Males of C. persegnisare found for the first time from Iran and are described here in. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Report of Two Nematode Species of the Genus Eucephalobus Steiner, 1936 (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) form Natural Areas of Semnan Province of Iran
نگین امیرزادی ابراهیم شکوهی علی اسکندریIn order to identification of free-living and bacterivorous nematodes belonging to the family Cephalobidae, about 200 samples were collected from natural areas of Semnan province during 2007 to 2009. In this study two species of the genus Eucephalobus Steiner, 1936 viz. MoreIn order to identification of free-living and bacterivorous nematodes belonging to the family Cephalobidae, about 200 samples were collected from natural areas of Semnan province during 2007 to 2009. In this study two species of the genus Eucephalobus Steiner, 1936 viz. E. mucronatus (Kozlowska andamp; Roguska-Wasilewska, 1963)Andrandaacute;ssy, 1967 in association with rhizosphere of a forest tree and carrot and E. striatus (Bastian, 1865) Thorne, 1937 in association with willow, soil and river were isolated and identified. Both species having short and acute labial probolae while E. mucronatus having cylindrical tail with mucron (vs E. striatus having longer tail with prominent ending). In two mentioned species, stoma including cheilostome, gymnostome and stegostome, spermatheca offset and postuterine sac short. Description, measurements and drawings are provided for these species. This is the first record of these species from Semnan province and second report from Iran and males of E. striatus are described from Iran for the first time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Designing the Process of Organizing and Informing Documents with Document Management System in Iran National Archives
Reza Shahrabi Farahani fahimeh babalhavaeji Nadjla Hariri Fatemeh Nooshin FardThe aim of present study is to identify the current process of Iran National Archives in the field of organizing and informing documents, and recognizing the current situation and its challenges in terms of designing ideal processes in this field according to existing r MoreThe aim of present study is to identify the current process of Iran National Archives in the field of organizing and informing documents, and recognizing the current situation and its challenges in terms of designing ideal processes in this field according to existing requirements and rules.Mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) was applied for this research. The qualitative part uses content analysis strategy, and in quantitative part survey strategy is used. In the qualitative phase, the current situation is identified and the design of the ideal processes are prepared through interview tools with archival national elites and in quantitative phase, the questionnaire is applied to inquire the experts whether the ideal designed processes cover the current situation in this field or not.According to the response of experts, it was found that the ideal situation designed in the field of organizing, digitizing and informing documents for launching a comprehensive document management system, designed according to the same processes, covers the current situation and is not significantly different. Therefore, while confirming the designed ideal processes, the implementation of an integrated document management system in this organization is very necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The study of mythological similes in describing nature manifestation in Khorasani and Eraqi style
mohammad Khoshkab Ali Eshghi Abolgasem Amir ahmadiThe study of mythological similes in describing nature manifestation in Khorasani and Eraqi style *Mohammad Khoshkab PhD student, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Iran **Ali Eshghi Sardehi Associate Professor, Persian Literature, MoreThe study of mythological similes in describing nature manifestation in Khorasani and Eraqi style *Mohammad Khoshkab PhD student, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Iran **Ali Eshghi Sardehi Associate Professor, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Iran ***Abolghasem Amir Ahmadi Associate Professor, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch, Iran Date of reception: 97/2/28 Date of acceptance: 97/7/2 Abstract There are few literary works which had not benefited from the treasury of Shahnameh. Among the many reasons why Shahnameh is being consulted for subjects such as praise, defining philosophical and educational issues, mysticism, lyrical themes, making allegories and rhetorical compounds and the like, its function in describing the manifestations of nature stands out the most. Meanwhile in literary domain poets had benefited from the epic and mythological similes for making nature orientated imageries. One of the methods of describing nature is to equate each of the epic and mythological references to the vehicle when confronting nature components. Elements of color, troops, aristocrats, geometrical shape are considered the best common factor between nature manifestations and epic heroes. Following the example of champions’ heroic actions and deeds, direct reference to the main tale, use of binary oppositions, and creating a setting are among the features of these descriptions. The images of mother in mythological similes in Khorasani style are simple, creative, and authentic and is the outcome of direct natural feelings of the poet incited by nature, however in Iraqi style these kind of similes appear with more sentimental feelings, and blend with ambiguity, complexity, verbosity, imitation, and repetition. The purpose of this article is to study the mythological similes in describing each of the nature components in the poetry of certain poets of Khorasani and Iraqi style. * . Mohammad.Khoshkab@iaus.ac.ir ** . eshghi@iaus.ac.ir *** . amirahmadi@iaus.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Descriptive characteristics of the poetry book of Arash, the archer composed by Siavash Kasraei according to Nima’s descriptive theory
Shamsi ParsaAbstractThe purpose of this article is to explain the descriptive characteristics of the poetry book of Arash, the archer composed by Siavash Kasraei according to Nima Yushij’s descriptive theory. Since description is one of the main tenets in Nima’s p MoreAbstractThe purpose of this article is to explain the descriptive characteristics of the poetry book of Arash, the archer composed by Siavash Kasraei according to Nima Yushij’s descriptive theory. Since description is one of the main tenets in Nima’s poetic theory and also because Kasraei is a follower of Nima’s poetic style this article is concerned with the study of this poem from this perspective using descriptive analytic method. The results obtained show that different themes such as nature and its elements, characters, abstract phenomena, time, place, and objects are described in this poetry book. Expressive devices employed in these descriptions fall into two groups of poetic and grammatical ones, the latter used with higher frequency than the former. Among the grammatical devices adjective has the most frequency in describing different subjects, and amid the poetic devices simile and personification have the most frequency. Since employing adjective and simile are regarded as the elements of description, therefore it can be concluded that Kasraei’s poetry book is a descriptive one. One interesting feature of this work is the application of many different descriptive devices to express one single theme. Sometimes on the other hand he uses one device repetitively in describing different themes. In general it can be said that Kasraei had been under the influence of Nima’s descriptive theory in composing this collection and had profited from its precepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Ibn Maytham Bahrani, and his scientific, literary merits
Mehdi MahooziThe purpose of this article is to introduce and understand the scientific merits of an outstanding literary man, philosopher, scholar, of the 7th century A. H. , Kamal aI-din Maytham bin Ali bin Maytham Bahrani. Ibn Maytham has a thorough understanding in a wide range o MoreThe purpose of this article is to introduce and understand the scientific merits of an outstanding literary man, philosopher, scholar, of the 7th century A. H. , Kamal aI-din Maytham bin Ali bin Maytham Bahrani. Ibn Maytham has a thorough understanding in a wide range of disciplines such as Philosophy, Mysticism, Discourse, Principles of theological Rhetoric, and other fields. He is the utmost master in many areas. He is a distinguished and distinct figure compared with his contemporaries in matters of Asceticism, Abstinence, and moral Excellence. He is equally worshiped by his masters and his desciples. During his sixty three years, he has written eighteen works of high caliber on the above disciplines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Narration in Stendhal’s tales
Mohammad Nayyerivand Shaqayeq Haji Seyyed TaqiaIn narrating a tale, the following questions such as who the author is, whether he differs from the narrator, what the angle of vision is, the author’s viewpoint and other issues like these are of prime importance for the technical success of the story, its unders MoreIn narrating a tale, the following questions such as who the author is, whether he differs from the narrator, what the angle of vision is, the author’s viewpoint and other issues like these are of prime importance for the technical success of the story, its understanding and its perpetual connection to the overall meaning of the story. Stendhal is one of the greatest writers of the 19th century in the French literature whose fame is for his specific manner of narration in writing successful novels. The purpose of this article is to provide reasons for the popularity of his stories, to discuss and analyze different perspectives in narrating a story, to compare his works with those of Balzac, another genius in writing novels and finally to study and distinguish Stendhal as a writer of the story and as a narrator inside his narrative using the new science of narratology Manuscript profile
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