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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation and compilation of the energy consumption attributes in the office buildings
Mehrdad Mahmoudian Sajad SadiMost of the energy consumed in the building is consumed during the operation of the building. If you save on this part of the building energy, you can have a great impact on energy consumption. One way to control energy consumption in buildings is to use building energy MoreMost of the energy consumed in the building is consumed during the operation of the building. If you save on this part of the building energy, you can have a great impact on energy consumption. One way to control energy consumption in buildings is to use building energy labels. In order to provide an energy label, it must be possible to identify the factors affecting the energy consumption of the building. Introducing and studying energy-related indicators is one of the appropriate methods for managing energy consumption. With the help of these indicators, energy consumption can be managed and optimized. In this paper, by examining the main sectors of energy consumption in the buildings using the hierarchical analysis method (in order to label and optimize the energy consumption of office buildings), effective Attributes have been identified and introduced. The systematic search focuses on a variety of sources, including documents, databases, conferences, and various journals. First, search terms are selected. After the findings of library studies, field studies are conducted. This data can be described as experimental or new data. In the present study, two questionnaires were used to conduct field studies and obtain the required information. Improving energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution are key to sustainable energy. As the major consumer of energy, the building sector accounts for more than 40% of total energy consumption. One of the most important consumers of energy are office buildings, which include applications such as air conditioning, heating, cooling, hot water and various equipment. In this research, office buildings have been divided into different sections with the help of previous studies, and then in each section, the relevant Attributes have been extracted from the literature review. A total of 62 indices were extracted in 12 different sections. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Exploring the features of complexity theories in Tehran City Comprehensive Plan (2007)
Esfandiar Zebardast Mohammad Amin SaeidiTodays’ cities are accepted as dynamic and ever-changing phenomena and are classified as “complex systems” in which Planning encounters with much “uncertainties”. In this kind of systems, absolute cognition of existing condition is impossible. In complex systems, “optim MoreTodays’ cities are accepted as dynamic and ever-changing phenomena and are classified as “complex systems” in which Planning encounters with much “uncertainties”. In this kind of systems, absolute cognition of existing condition is impossible. In complex systems, “optimum” is not predictable. So, we cannot be sure about the existing condition of complex systems nor about the future and the consequences of our manipulation, then, how can we think of planning in this system? Complexity theories are about studying nonlinear dynamic complex systems. These theories deliver new approaches to study complex systems like cities. Complex systems have some common characteristics which introduces them. Openness, ever-changing, non-linear behaviors, non-equilibrium and being on the edge of chaos, self-organization, uncertainty, emergence and naturally unpredictability are some of these characteristics. Therefore, popular linear methods of planning don’t work for complex systems. In this article, eight key elements of urban planning process are proposed based on the complexity theories approaches. Qualitative prediction, gradual evolution (path dependence), actor-space relationship, actor cooperation, self-organization, inhibitor rules, ongoing evaluation, innovation and intuition are introduced with huge literature review as core characteristics of urban planning process. Afterward, in the latest Tehran master plan, use of these key words are analyzed. Summative qualitative context analyze method is used to do this. Tehran has been chosen since the importance of this city in Iran. Tehran is Iran’s capital and also economic center of Iran. It has about 8.7 million inhabitants in about 700 square kilometers area. Tehran has been known as “a problem” since more than fifty years ago. Three development plans are prepared for Tehran but problems like transportation, pollution and etc. are getting worth. Tehran is one of the most complicated cities in Iran, so, is selected as case study in this article. The latest development plan is selected because it is written that Tehran is a very complex problem in that and the plan is prepared with this consciousness. The results of the analysis show that Tehran Comprehensive Plan has not used the concept of gradual evolution, self-organization and innovation and intuition in its process of plan preparation. In the case of ongoing evaluation, just 1 process (each five years) is proposed. Cooperation (of citizens) been referred to mostly in the implementation part of the plan and not in preparation process of the plan. The concept of inhibitor rules are used in the plan, and the most refers to existing sanctioned rules, only 8 new rules are developed in the plan. Actor-space relationship is user 11 times in the plan. Qualitative prediction is used as some patterns and processes in the plan and the most are related to proposed stage. After all, it seems that eight key word proposed in this article are seldom used in Tehran comprehensive plan. In complex context of Tehran it is recommended to use complexity theory concepts to better understand the status-quo and the existing trends. Off course, this is not only the duty of preparation organizations but also all who are involved in the plan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Role of Mediated Experience on the knowledge of the Contemporary Architecture Students of Iran
Parisa AlimohammadiThis article aims to undestanding of Mediated Experience and effect of that on the contemporary architecture students of Iran according to a case study on students of Tehran university and Azad university ( in Tehran) in 2006-2007. With the strong presence of media in MoreThis article aims to undestanding of Mediated Experience and effect of that on the contemporary architecture students of Iran according to a case study on students of Tehran university and Azad university ( in Tehran) in 2006-2007. With the strong presence of media in contemporary life that change the meaning of time and space, people in different fields, because of fast speed, ubiquities, low cost and attraction, obtain major part of their knowledge and experience from medias in scale of the world . Also in Iranian architecture field,with medias, we are faced to a global view which has challenges in itself about tradition and modernity. Generaly this research seeks to know the role of media in learning of architecture students ,that can be seen : major part of the architectural knowledge of student ( in both university) obtain from the media. this knowledge is not deep enough due to lack of enough knowledge to the process of creation, philosophical bases and related cultural and social issues .but medias with high capacity can have a big role in the academic system of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Local Parking Positioning by Using the Linear Assignment Method (Case Study: Qazvin, Iran)
Arash Emami Saleh Amir Yavari Yasaman Anbari Hananeh Derakhshani -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of different selenium sources on phytochemical characteristics of Echium amoenum fisch. & C.A. Mey. as a medicinal herb of Iran
Mazaher Hosseinzadeh Rostam Kalaei Vahid Abdossi Elham Danaee -
Open Access Article
6 - A new ranking model for multi attribute group decision making problems with intuitionistic fuzzy data
zeynab eslaminasab Ali HamzeheeIn today’s world, intrinsic complexity in numerous decision making conditions, decides the need of utilizing decision making methods more than previously. On the other hand, the present modern organization have turned out to be so widespread, which one doesn&rsquo MoreIn today’s world, intrinsic complexity in numerous decision making conditions, decides the need of utilizing decision making methods more than previously. On the other hand, the present modern organization have turned out to be so widespread, which one doesn’t capable to oversee them. In this manner, this issue of multi attribute group decision making is considered as an organizational problem. In multi attribute group decision making problems, according to the different attributes in decision matrix, knowing the coefficient of importance or weight of each attribute in decision making is essential. As the weight of each attribute express its relative importance to the others and the conscious and correct selection of weights is a great help in achieving the desired goal. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a linear programming model to determine the weight of each attribute in multi attribute group decision making problems with intuitionistic fuzzy data. As good as, decision makers are prevented from making eventual mistakes in determining the weight of attributes. Finally, using the obtained weights, a new method for ranking the alternatives based on ELECTRE III method, is presented. A numerical applied example is provided to illustrate the details of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The impact of customers' attitudes towards green hotels on their willingness to pay and their recurrence intentions
Mohammad ail abdolvand arezoo naeimi majd ali mohammadzadehPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate The Attitude of consumers about green hotels: how a green hotel image can influence Willingness to pay and Revisit intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research methodology using a questionnaire has MorePurpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate The Attitude of consumers about green hotels: how a green hotel image can influence Willingness to pay and Revisit intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research methodology using a questionnaire has been proposed. To test the model developed we used the Structural equations model (SEM) approach. As noted, all constructs were assessed using 5-point Likert type scales. Findings: The consumers using hotel services are conscious about environmentally friendly practices in IRAN. They patronize the hotels that have adapted green practices though not compromising on service quality. The consumers would prefer to use lodging that follows these practices with willing to pay extra for these services. Also attitude of consumers about green hotels that effect on positive word of mouth and revisit intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation of the Relationship between Product Involvement and Brand Commitment
M. A. Abdolvand F. NickfarThe goal of marketing is addressing the needs of customers. The consumer’s behavior defines selection style, purchase, usage and consumption of the goods, services, ideas, and experiences by individuals, groups, and organizations. Understanding consumer’s b MoreThe goal of marketing is addressing the needs of customers. The consumer’s behavior defines selection style, purchase, usage and consumption of the goods, services, ideas, and experiences by individuals, groups, and organizations. Understanding consumer’s behavior and recognizing customers is not a simple job. Customers may express their requests in one manner and act differently. They may not be aware of their real motivations or may react towards the effective factors. However, marketers should examine the needs of their customers, their mental understanding, and their purchase behavior. Marketers must know about different factors the affect the selection of various brands by buyers. This paper studies the relation between mental engagement that a product produces and suggests the effective factors in the following assumptions: Assumption 1: Desire toward a product has a direct effect on product engagement. Assumption 2: Specifications of a product have a direct effect on product engagement. Assumption 3: Information sources have a direct effect on product engagement. Assumption 4: Desire toward a product has a direct effect on brand obligation. Assumption 5: Specifications of a product have a direct effect on brand obligation. Assumption 6: Information sources have a direct effect on brand obligation. Assumption 7: Product engagement has a direct effect on brand obligation. According to statistical results, assumptions 1, 3, 4, and 7 are accepted and assumptions 2, 5, and 6 are rejected. The method of this study is descriptive-traversal and is from correlation type, because the relations between variables are investigated and a questionnaire is used to gather data. Statistical society of this study consisted of the academia of the Islamic Azad University- South Tehran, Central Tehran, North Tehran, and Sciences and Researches Branches. The questionnaires were distributed within an interval of one month in autumn 2010. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effect of Supply-Side Factors on diffusion of Management Accounting Innovations
Mostafa Zolghadr Hamid Haghighat Gholamreza KordestaniFactors affecting adoption of management accounting innovations have been studied in several aspects. According to theoretical literature, adoption of these innovations is highly supply oriented and in many cases, that is the result of their supply via the actors that p MoreFactors affecting adoption of management accounting innovations have been studied in several aspects. According to theoretical literature, adoption of these innovations is highly supply oriented and in many cases, that is the result of their supply via the actors that perform research and development which are necessary to support the initial development of the innovation. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of supply-side factors of management accounting innovations, including management consulting services firms, sources of knowledge about management accounting and internal champions on the adoption of these innovations. In addition, this research examines the impact of the perceived attributes of management accounting innovations on the relationship between supply-side factors and adoption of these innovations. For this purpose, by using the questionnaire, data about 121 companies accepted in TSE was gathered and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that supply-side factors have a direct impact on the adoption of management accounting innovations. In addition, perceived attributes of innovation play a mediatory role in the relationship between the supply-side factors and adoption of them. These findings confirm the impact of market perspective on the development and diffusion of management fashions, including modern management accounting techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Adoption and Implementation of Activity-Based Innovations: with Emphasis on Initiation, Adoption and Extent of Use
Mohammad Nazaripour Saeed GhonjalipoorActivity-based innovations can be defined as ‘any management accounting practice that uses the concept of ‘activities’ as its hard core’. This study specifies the concept of activity-based innovations and identifies the factors influencing ABI in MoreActivity-based innovations can be defined as ‘any management accounting practice that uses the concept of ‘activities’ as its hard core’. This study specifies the concept of activity-based innovations and identifies the factors influencing ABI initiation, adoption and extent of use. The statistical population of this study is Kerman manufacturing companies. Required data was collected through self-made questionnaire. The research period has been the summer of 2017. Binary logistic regression model and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to test the research hypotheses. According to the research findings, there is no a meaningful relationship between innovation attributes and initiation of "activity-based innovations." Among the attributes of innovation, only the relative advantage has a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of innovation. Among the organizational factors, only two factors “top management support” and the “levels of overhead” have a positive and significant relationship with initiation of innovation as well as only two factors “top management support” and “champion support” have a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of innovation. Environmental uncertainty factors have a positive and meaningful relationship with the extent of use of "activity-based innovation" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Identification and ranking of outstanding leadership attributes in Cyrus the Great's cultural teachings
enayat allah aghaeiThe greatness of Iran during the Achaemenid period indicates that there was an excellence in management at that time. Knowing and presenting success stories of leadership is a must have for the success of today's executives. This research has been conducted with the aim MoreThe greatness of Iran during the Achaemenid period indicates that there was an excellence in management at that time. Knowing and presenting success stories of leadership is a must have for the success of today's executives. This research has been conducted with the aim of identifying and rating leading leadership attributes in Cyrus the Great's cultural teachings. Using the Qualitative-Quantitative Compilation (Delphi-Topsis) method, and according to the existing prescriptive components of the triple leadership, 128 doctrines were extracted. The snowball method was used to access the number of authorized samples from the community of experts, and the verification of extraction variables in the Delphi questionnaire was carried out using experts' opinion and its validity was confirmed by professors and management, cultural and historical experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.961. To reach the consensus of 13 experts, a three-step Delphi technique was used. In the final stage, factors confirmed by 75% of the experts identified 8 variables as "important" in the field of leadership attributes. The results show that "leadership integrity", "restraint" and "patience" are respectively the highest and lowest rank among the eight preferred leadership attributes, and suggestions were also presented based on research findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Synoptic View of Aghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei's Thoughts and Works
Amir Javan ArastehAghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei possesses a high status inphilosophical and mystical discussions. Despite this fact, scarcely anyresearcher has investigated thoughts and theories of such importantsage. Although understanding and explanation of mystical thoughs ofsuch person MoreAghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei possesses a high status inphilosophical and mystical discussions. Despite this fact, scarcely anyresearcher has investigated thoughts and theories of such importantsage. Although understanding and explanation of mystical thoughs ofsuch person as Aghā Mohammad Rezā – who is considered as one ofthe most major expositors of Ibn al- Arabi's school – is out of writer'sreach, but this article aims to clarfy some aspects of his thinking bypacing through his writings as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Saadia Gaon and his Mutazilite Approach in Interpretation and Theology
دکتر سعید عدالت نژاد وحیده سعدی نعلبندیCertain method of demonstrating theological and exegetical claims isone of the heritages of Mutazilite Muslim theologians. One of the maincharacteristics of this method is that there is a considerable attention toreason as the permission to use rhetorician figures like MoreCertain method of demonstrating theological and exegetical claims isone of the heritages of Mutazilite Muslim theologians. One of the maincharacteristics of this method is that there is a considerable attention toreason as the permission to use rhetorician figures like metaphor andallegoric exegesis in describing theological doctrines as well as ininterpreting of the Quran. Assuming that using this method was notconfined to Muslim Mutazilite theologians and, before and after them,some of the Jewish Christian theologians have used this method, thepaper focusing on the divine attributes and relying on some instances ofthe interpretations of the Bible, will try to show that Saadia Gaon, aJewish theologian (d. 942), had a method similar to that of MuslimMutazilte theologians and, therefore, it might be called him "MutaziliteJew". Using a method like Mutazilite theologians, he interpretedintricate concepts in the Old Testament by concentrating on rhetoricalaspects of the text, and defended Jewish theology against the objectionsfrom his theological opponents, that is Christians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Ibn Sina on “Divine Attributes”
mohsen Ghasempour Seyed Abbas Zahabi Mohammad SeedimehrIn the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic MoreIn the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic philosophical thought, Ibn Sina's thought, as the most influential and stable ideas in the field of philosophy, which has caused profound intellectual changes, has special advantages. This article has tried to explain the relationship between the geometry of this sage's opinions in the basic axes of the discussion of divine names and attributes, ie “objectivity of essence and attributes” and “conceptual unity of attributes” by modeling this philosophical thought in the geography of Shiite thought. The final finding of the research emphasizes the fact that in Ibn Sina's view, “objectivity of attributes with essence” is in fact the basis of the theory of “conceptual union of attributes” and the connection between the two titles is necessary; Therefore, Ibn Sina, based on an accurate understanding of the “objectivity of essence and attributes” and subsequently, has proposed this specific theory in the “conceptual union of attributes”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Movement of God’s love in Creation and its Relation to the Breath of the All-merciful
فاطمه عباسیLove is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in His MoreLove is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in Hisown form, universe is beautiful and God loves beauty. If there was nolove, the Loving and the All-merciful God were not recognized. Lovein its absoluteness exists in all seen and unseen creatures. The Loving’sfirst manifestation is the theophany of the Divine Essence for Itself, inthe images of all the fixed entities (al-a‘yān al-thābita) in the DivineKnowledge. By the second manifestation the immutable entitiesappeared in the outward world. So every thing were emanated by love.Since the universe was manifested by the Breath of the All-merciful,the essence of this Breath is love. God created the universe by Hisbreath. He created it and made Himself recognized because if He wasnot recognized His names and attributes were not manifested and theuniverse remained in nonexistence (‘adam). Therefore, God’s love ofthe recognition of his names and attributes is the cause of creation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Negative Theology According to Maimonides
مریم Mahmoudi طاهره HajebrahimiNegative Theology is a type of theological thinking that attempts to describe God by negation, in contrast to Positive Theology that uses "positive" terminology to describe the Divine. Negative Theology, based on the idea of inaccessibility and MoreNegative Theology is a type of theological thinking that attempts to describe God by negation, in contrast to Positive Theology that uses "positive" terminology to describe the Divine. Negative Theology, based on the idea of inaccessibility and transcendence of God, claims that He is imperceptible and ineffable. According to this viewpoint God is beyond all personal and anthropomorphic descriptions. Thus we cannot speak of Him except by negation. Maimonides is one of the greatest Jewish philosophers of medieval period. He is a famous representative of this kind of theology. For him there is no similarity between God and man, so there is no way to describe God, i.e. we can speak only in terms of what may not be said about Him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Divine Name: The Key to the Mystical Path
رویا Mosavi محمد Asadi MT Fa'aliThis article tries to look at the path toward God in Islamic mysticism with the emphasis on Devine Names. In other words, through Devine Names we try to recognize and define the states of mystical path. For this purpose, we collect different views about the mystical jou MoreThis article tries to look at the path toward God in Islamic mysticism with the emphasis on Devine Names. In other words, through Devine Names we try to recognize and define the states of mystical path. For this purpose, we collect different views about the mystical journey from Sufi works, then we extract the common Devine Names parallel to each state of the journey. Since, as Sufis mentioned, Devine Names have an effect on each other, especially the Seven Names of God are the bases for Divine manifestation, so they are the principal elements for the God realization and assuming the Divine character. Therefore, as the mystics say, the Devine Names are the keys for the locked gates of the mystical path. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Sensory assessment and shelf stability of deodorized sheep tail fat
Amir Reza Shaviklo -
Open Access Article
19 - Earning Downside Risk and Market-based Characteristics Earning Attributes
Mehdi Dasineh Farzaneh heidarpoor Yadollah TariverdiAccording to modern approaches, the risk was defined as loss probability. In fact, rather than taking into account desirable and undesirable changes, only undesirable changes are considered as risks. On the other hand, measuring downside risk using earning rather than r MoreAccording to modern approaches, the risk was defined as loss probability. In fact, rather than taking into account desirable and undesirable changes, only undesirable changes are considered as risks. On the other hand, measuring downside risk using earning rather than return is considered a new issue. The purpose of the present study is to measure the Earning Downside Risk using earning and to evaluate its effectiveness from market-based criteria of earning characteristics. Earnings downside Risk Index, with a new approach, has been evaluated as an index of risk assessment and the characteristics of relevance, timeliness and conservatism as market-based indicators of earnings characteristics.Using the data of 110 selected companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2017 and multiple regression tests, the relevance and conservatism indices have an adverse and negative effect on the earning downside risk and between factor of the timeliness and downside risk no significant relationship was found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A comparative study of female personality from the perspective of Ferdowsi, Movlavi
Hadi Abbasnejad Khorasani Reza Forsati Joybari Hossein ParsaiIn Iranian poetry, women have played various roles. According to Islamic teachings and the text of the Holy Quran, man is considered the caliph of God on earth and human beings of all races and genders are equal. In fact, Iranian poets and writers have created the most MoreIn Iranian poetry, women have played various roles. According to Islamic teachings and the text of the Holy Quran, man is considered the caliph of God on earth and human beings of all races and genders are equal. In fact, Iranian poets and writers have created the most beautiful original similes and themes in the description of women, and with free inspiration, they have left lasting works. According to them, looking at a woman gives life and her smile is love-creation. In analyzing and collecting data, researchers have used the method of analytical-historical research, especially the books "Shahnameh" and "Masnavi Manavi" by Movlavi. The results show: According to Ferdowsi, the greatest indicator and manifestation of woman in "Shahnameh" is that she is a wise being, artist, independant, loyal to her husband and not a foodie, and she is the guardian of the identity of Iranshahri thought and high ethnic and racial values. Movlavi's view to women is relative and two-sided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Analysis formalism theory of Jamal al-din Ghasemi in the interpretation of the Mahasen-altavil (Case study: Attributes of God) .
kobra Heidari Keyvan Ehsani Ali Hasanbagi kobra Heidarithe formalism issue in the verses of the Qur'an is one of the most atractive issues among some Interpreters, especially Jamal al-din Ghasemi,. Ghasemi is the Interpreters attributed to the Salafi movement And this has induced he gets his intellectual foundations from th Morethe formalism issue in the verses of the Qur'an is one of the most atractive issues among some Interpreters, especially Jamal al-din Ghasemi,. Ghasemi is the Interpreters attributed to the Salafi movement And this has induced he gets his intellectual foundations from the leaders of this movement, especially about the God attributes. Seeing the face of God in the resurrection, talking God to Moses, The real sitting of God on the throne, Divine mockery and wrath in the real sense of the word, These are the attributes that Ghasemi believes to formalism them. however it seems Ghasemi's interpretation of these verses is not correct؛ Because considering of the words: Seeing , sitting , Saying, mockerying and wrathing of God, in requires the body in the real meaning, Therefore, it can be said that Ghasemi's approach is incompatible with definite and certain reasons; Therefore, the attributes of the verses should be interpreted. The purpose of this study is to prove the error of Ghasemi's interpretation of the verses of God's attributes using a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - God's essence and his attributes in view of Avicenna and Ghazali.
faride hakimi Mahdi DehbashiIn Avicenna's idea, knowledge of the God's inner most core is impossible, because human reason is incapable to perceive the very essence of God. But knowing his essence through recognition of his aspects and Monica stations would be possible. These aspects called be kno MoreIn Avicenna's idea, knowledge of the God's inner most core is impossible, because human reason is incapable to perceive the very essence of God. But knowing his essence through recognition of his aspects and Monica stations would be possible. These aspects called be known in the context of understanding Gods Name & existence. Avicenna believes that the Gods existence & attributes are the same and identical. Existence of the main attributes the necessary existence, transcendence which created between his Existence & attribute is one of the considerable issues in theology which has been observed either in essential attributes or attributes of acts. Ghazali has no doubt that in virtue of reason and sharia; there is no similarity between the God & other creatures. What has been denied in account of reason & Sharia is on the context of essential similarity which is accomplished idiomatically between two identical of one kind. Ghazali proves all the attributes which is devoted to those God, but he believes that these attributes are added to his essence and also through his eternity interferences in attributes. Also there are distinctions about some attributes like knowledge between the two thinkers. In this paper, it has been tried to prove the existence of these attributes as real and united with God's essence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Comparative study of the possibility estimation of some structural quantitative attributes of Caspian forests using Radar and integrating Radar and Lidar data
Mehrsa Yazdani Shaban Shataee Joibari Jahangir Mohammadi Yaser MaghsoudiThe purpose of this study was to compare the estimation of the structural attributes of stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density per hectare of the Caspian forests using Radar data and integration of Radar and Lidar data in some parts of the district I and II the MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the estimation of the structural attributes of stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density per hectare of the Caspian forests using Radar data and integration of Radar and Lidar data in some parts of the district I and II the ShastKalateh forest in the Golestan province. Forest structural data were measured and computed from 307 circular plots. The required pre-processing and processing was performed using raw data of Radar (2009) and Lidar (2011), and the corresponding values of sample plots were extracted on all Radar and Lidar derived indices. The modeling was performed using extracted Radar features as individual and also using Lidar and Radar extracted features as integrated with the non-parametric random forest algorithm in 75% of samples. The modeling validity was performed using 25% of the remained samples by absolute and relative root mean square error (RMSe) and Bias. The percentage RMSe and the Bias values using Radar data were obtained form stand volume (44.09% and -0.99%), basal area per hectare (35.72% and -3.15%) and tree stem density per hectare (42.73% and 3.52%), respectively, and using the integration of Radar and Lidar data for stand volume (37.23% and 0.76%), basal area per hectare (31.37% and -3.14%), and tree density per hectare (36.44% and 0.95%). The results showed that the integration of Radar and Lidar data could improve the estimates, especially in the stand volume, compared to using Radar data as individually. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - THE RELATION BETWEEN DIVINE WILL AND GUIDANCE AND DEVIATION IN MOHYEDDIN IBN ARABI
منیرالسادات پورطولمیDivine will and its relation with guidance and deviation of mankind are the most important issues that have occupied the mind of religious intellectuals. The present study seeks into the mystical mind of Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi, the well-known mystic of seventi century A.H. MoreDivine will and its relation with guidance and deviation of mankind are the most important issues that have occupied the mind of religious intellectuals. The present study seeks into the mystical mind of Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi, the well-known mystic of seventi century A.H. to find out the answer of the above mentioned issues according to his ideologcal principles. In the stydy, after defining the fixed substances, the importance and the role of it will be discussed in the divine will, and the matter of dependency of God s will out of His knowledge and in the end proved dignitaries and oneness dependency of divune will has been explained. Then, it is included that what is obtained in the universe is possible due to the fixed substances, and every substance owns a property instictively and invariably. All the possibilities follow the existence rules and the divine will. The will of God also belongs to the will and instinctive property of possibilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Analysis of Tajalli (Epiphany) in Divan-e Shams
azim hamzeian Tannaz Rashidi NasabTajalli (Epiphany) of God in the universe is one of the most notable intellectual foundations of Sufism. The Gnostics believed that the universe is an epiphany of God's names and attributes and the most important of them is the “Perfect Man” that is the most MoreTajalli (Epiphany) of God in the universe is one of the most notable intellectual foundations of Sufism. The Gnostics believed that the universe is an epiphany of God's names and attributes and the most important of them is the “Perfect Man” that is the most perfect tajalli in the universe. Rumi is known as one of the greatest mystics of the Sufi history.. Rumi, has introduced the most complete emergence of perfect human in Sufism – in the most of his poems – Shams -e Tabrizi, so in this work, he has been praised Shams. This study is to expression and show the Rumi explores ideas about the that in fact, with his mystical view about emergence of the names and attributes of God with descriptive and analytical method in Divan-e-Shams, according to Supererogatory proximity hadiths and duties, the great epiphany of God, has been discussed at the ultimate unity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Names and Attributes with an Approach to the Works of Mojtahed Amin Esfahani
Zahra KashanihaOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of m MoreOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of mysticism, he has dedicated several pages to the names, divine beauty and supreme attributes of the Almighty, which have been studied in this article. In the Holy Qur'an, it is recommended to recite the divine names, and the Lord of remembrance and the companions of monotheism, recite God Almighty in His names and attributes, and in this way take steps in the stages of conduct. There is no doubt that the remembrance of God through names and attributes is a virtue and can bring man closer to God. There are four verses in the Holy Quran that mention the names of divine beauty and are verses that only mention the names; It has been said. In this article, which is documented by the method of content analysis, first these sublime names from the book of Lady Amin are discussed and then the opinions of some mystics, philosophers and commentators in this regard are expressed and in this regard three important questions: The purpose of counting What are the names in the hadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? How does the counting of names cause one to enter Paradise? How can one be created according to the morality of God?, has been researched Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - An Account of Hierarchy and Realms of Existence from Allameh Tababaei’s Point of View Based on his Philosophical, Koranic, and Mystical Comments
Leila Afsari seid sadraddin tahery Abdolah SalavatiThis paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names MoreThis paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names and attributes and the universe and the world of revelation and creation, and deliberates on his philosophical, Koranic, and mystical beliefs. What stems from the study of Allameh Tabatabaei’s works is that while making a classifications of the hierarchy of world, he had held three viewpoints, namely philosophical, Koranic, and mystical so that he had three separate classifications due to them. In his philosophical works he points to three realms of wisdom, imagination, and matter and materials, and also in Tafsir Almizan that is interpreted verse by verse, the creatures and realms of existence are classified into the world of revelation and world of creation. However, in his views based on mystical trainings, he has argued over a world that is hierarchically superior to the entire philosophical realms, i.e. the realm of divine names and attributes. Therefore, the writer tries to recognize the consistency or inconsistency of the three viewpoints in addition to the precise description of the perspectives, and compare and study over his Koranic and mystical viewpoints with his philosophical ones. The methods used in this paper are descriptive-analytical together with the reference made to the first hand and library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Types of Knowledge and Concept of God from Rumi's Point of View
Ali AbolhassaniMaulana Jalaluddin Balkhi's view on the issue of the possibility and how to know God is important because of his diverse theological, philosophical and mystical heritage of his predecessors. Rumi believes that behind all the phenomena of this world, there is a complete, MoreMaulana Jalaluddin Balkhi's view on the issue of the possibility and how to know God is important because of his diverse theological, philosophical and mystical heritage of his predecessors. Rumi believes that behind all the phenomena of this world, there is a complete, conscious, infinite existence with all the attributes and names of goodness. Rumi calls this existence God. God is the eternal source of existence and life. God is the Creator who created the whole universe from "nothingness" and only by His will. The center of Rumi's thought is God, "our active Isha" and the Almighty. Rumi is the monotheistic and monotheistic man. He disappears in the attributes and names of God. This man is always in jihad and fighting against himself to overcome internal conflicts and animal desires. Mystical conduct, romantic worship and self-improvement are his baggage. By divine love and affection, he has accepted all the dangers of the "journey to God" and is gradually approaching the realm of divine attraction. In this way, Rumi uses the long language of mysticism and art, the poetry industry and spiritual prose to express his views on God, the world and man and their relationship. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the subject of different types of knowledge and the concept of God from Rumi's mystical point of view by descriptive-analytical method and by using documentary and library sources. Is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Measuring the Efficiency of Financial Cloud Services in the Banking Industry Using the Modified Dynamic DEA with Network Structure: The Case of Iran E-Banking.
Alireza Poordavoodi Mohammad Reza Moazami Goudarzi Hamid Haj Seyyed Javadi Amir Masoud Rahmani -
Open Access Article
30 - Ichnotaxonomic analysis and depositional controls on the carbonate ramp ichnological characteristics of the Deh-Sufiyan Formation (Middle Cambrian), Central Alborz, Iran
Aram Bayet-Goll Reza Moussavi-Harami Asadollah MahboubiThe trace fossil assemblages from the Unit 2 of Deh-Sufiyan Formation are described for the first time from The Central Alborz Range of northern Iran, improving the record of the assemblages in the Cambrian of the Middle East. Twenty-one ichnogenera have been iden MoreThe trace fossil assemblages from the Unit 2 of Deh-Sufiyan Formation are described for the first time from The Central Alborz Range of northern Iran, improving the record of the assemblages in the Cambrian of the Middle East. Twenty-one ichnogenera have been identified in the Deh-Sufiyan Formation, namely Arenicolites, Bergaueria, Chondrites, Circulichnus, Cruziana, Diplichnites, Didymaulichnus, Diplocraterion, Halopoa, Helminthopsis, Gordia, Gyrophyllites, Lockeia, Monomorphichnus, Palaeophycus, Phycosiphon, Planolites, Rosselia, Rusophycus, Skolithos, and Treptichnus. Characteristics of the facies, lateral and vertical relations between these facies, associational types of the facies and the depositional profile of the shelf transect examined show deposition on a wave-dominated carbonate ramp. Integration of ichnologic data with sedimentologic information supports a firm interpretation of the depositional systems and their evolution. Ethological grouping of the trace fossils resulted from the physico-chemical depositional constraints which defines the proximal-distal ichnofacies gradient pattern of the wave-dominated successions of the Deh-Sufiyan ramp. Considering the obvious deepening of the shallow marine depositional systems of wave-dominated parts of the carbonate ramp, the succession of archetypal ichnofacies can display a bathymetric trend from deeper to shallower parts, and from lower-to-higher hydrodynamic conditions, from the bottom to the top of the Unit 2 of the Deh-Sufiyan Formation. The identification and interpretation of the archetypal ichnofacies are employed to further refine the sedimentary interpretations of parameters such as wave energy, substrate properties, nature of available food supply, salinity, dissolved oxygen content, and variability in sedimentation rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Artificial Intelligence for prediction of porosity from Seismic Attributes: Case study in the Persian Gulf
A. Hosseini M. Ziaii A. Kamkar Rouhani A. Roshandel R. Gholami J. HanachiPorosity is one of the key parameters associated with oil reservoirs. Determination of this petrophysical parameter is an essential step in reservoir characterization. Among different linear and nonlinear prediction tools such as multi-regression and polynomial curve fi MorePorosity is one of the key parameters associated with oil reservoirs. Determination of this petrophysical parameter is an essential step in reservoir characterization. Among different linear and nonlinear prediction tools such as multi-regression and polynomial curve fitting, artificial neural network has gained the attention of researchers over the past years. In the present study, two-dimensional (2D) seismic and well logs data of the Burgan oil field were used for prediction of the reservoir porosity. In this regard, broad-band acoustic impedance was first extracted from 2D seismic dataset, as the attribute most related to porosity. Next, other optimum seismic attributes were selected using stepwise regression and cross validation techniques. At the end, three types of neural network were used for inversion of seismic attributes and prediction of reservoir porosity. The results show that probabilistic neural network (PNN) is the best one for prediction of the reservoir porosity using seismic attributes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Study of the Common Attributes of Righteous Women in the Holy Quran and the Bible
Maliheh Bagherinejad Yazdi Reza BaniasadiThe purpose of this study was to explain the common characteristics of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. The understudied universe was the verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible. The sample of the research particularized the divine verses of the Holy Qura MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the common characteristics of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. The understudied universe was the verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible. The sample of the research particularized the divine verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible in relation to the common attributes of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. This research was descriptive-analytical and the data was obtained through documents and libraries. The analysis was performed using the data obtained from Quranic verses and the Bible. The results of the present study indicated that in the Holy Quran and the Bible, attributes were expressed for competent women in both individual and family domains. According to the Holy Quran and the Bible, righteous women in the personal sphere have attributes such as faith, righteous deeds, piety, chastity, truthfulness, modesty, hijab, refraining from showing off and being none lascivious. Also in the family field, competent women were introduced with traits such as being nice in the life with husband, housekeeping and parenting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Mention, the great name, the non-obscuration of names and the place of the attributes of divine glory and beauty in the course and conduct in the shadow of Najm Kabri's works.
shahrouz goudarzimonfared amir mehdi Mohabbaty Jalil Tajlil roghoye sadraeeIrfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobr MoreIrfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobri, a great mystic of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, who is known by his eternal students. It has great ideas that are still unknown. The necessity of this research occurs because many of the thoughts of this sheikh, who has remained abandoned, have a different wording from other mystics. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library and documentary studies, has investigated the zikr and its related issues in the works of Najmuddin Kobari. In addition to dhikr, we discuss controversial topics such as the great name, the prohibition or non-possession of names, and the place of the attributes of divine beauty and glory in the conduct of this Sheikh Wali Tarash. Of course, wider research is needed to resolve the ambiguities and mysteries of Sheikh Kabri's thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analysis of common moral virtues and characteristics in Shahnameh and Avesta
Rahmatullah Dabir Hamid Tabasi Abolghasem Radfar Moral and social themes are one of the main topics in Persian literature and from the past until now it has been the manifestation of the purest and purest meanings and moral and educational themes, so that in each period, a large part of Persian poetry is d More Moral and social themes are one of the main topics in Persian literature and from the past until now it has been the manifestation of the purest and purest meanings and moral and educational themes, so that in each period, a large part of Persian poetry is devoted to wisdom and sermon and literature It is a teaching of one of the most common and ancient literary genres in the world, which provides rational and moral teachings to the audience in order to achieve happiness and prosperity by applying them in life. In Shahnameh, which is an epic work, there is talk of ideal human beings who are adorned with good human qualities and adherence to morality is the most prominent feature of their lives. Ferdowsi, who has a pure and well-groomed speech, is committed to moral virtues, and in the stories of Shahnameh, he expresses these values in human life. The Avesta, which is an educational and moral work, is also full of goodness and humanitarian thoughts; In which moral themes are expressed in different ways. This article tries to examine the common moral characteristics of these two works by using content analysis method and descriptive-comparative method and by library tools; The result was that Shahnameh, while being influenced and absorbing the cultural components of the religion of Islam, has also taken many influences from the culture of pre-Islamic Iran, and has preserved and recorded many of its cultural components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Application of vacuum-steam-vacuum (VSV) technology for corn decontamination
M. Rezaee Fard M. Javanmard A. ZnouziCorn is a nutritious food which is stored in ensilage. Bacterial contamination is the most important problem in storage condition. Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum (VSV) Technology is a safe technique for microbial decontamination of food. In this methods decontaminating done by ste MoreCorn is a nutritious food which is stored in ensilage. Bacterial contamination is the most important problem in storage condition. Vacuum-Steam-Vacuum (VSV) Technology is a safe technique for microbial decontamination of food. In this methods decontaminating done by steam which effects thermally and mechanically to microbial destruction. Statistical Analysis was carried out based on full factorial designs that repeated three times in the form of random plan. Independent variables in this research were temperature (115, 120, 125 °C), steaming time (15, 20, 25 seconds) and first vacuum's time (60, 90 and 120). Dependent variables were Total bacterial load, Total moulds and yeast, moisture content, ash, sensory attributes (color, smell and overall acceptability). The results showed that the best bacterial decontamination was carried out in the following condition: treatment temperature 125 °C, the first vacuum time 90 s, steaming time 25 s and the second vacuum time 120 s. In this condition a decontamination rate of 4 log CFU for total bacterial count and 3.6 reduction log CFU in total mold and yeast was resulted. The highest percentage of moisture content in treated samples was 9.2 % which lower than national standards (13%). This technology as an applicable technique for food decontamination was advice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effect of different Ecological patches on soil surface quality indices (case study: Sofi Chai catchment, Maragheh county)
morteza Mofidi Chelan gholamali HeshmatiAbstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes MoreAbstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes (stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling) using landscape function analysis model as well as to identify vegetation indices in Sofi Chai basin located at Maragheh. For sampling purpose, number of 5 transects in 50 m length in were established in downslope as per randomized-systematic method along which four Ecological patches, grasses, shrub - grass and forbs and interpatch bare soil were identified. 5 replicates of each patch were determined and eleven soil surface indices were scored as per landscape function analysis. The results show that all three indicators of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling were differed significantly among Ecological patches. The maximum amount of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling and the minimum one was relate to shrubs and bare soils respectively. It can be note that shrubs and shrubs-grass patches showed better performance than others. investigation of function attributes in the different Ecological patches can help to identify effective reagents for healthy rangeland vegetation and the assessment of these reagents can be faster and time and cost-effective to study soil qualitative and quantitative sustainability indicators, infiltration and soil nutrient cycling can be realized. It can serve as important step for the evaluation, management and planning future of natural ecosystems. Abstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes (stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling) using landscape function analysis model as well as to identify vegetation indices in Sofi Chai basin located at Maragheh. For sampling purpose, number of 5 transects in 50 m length in were established in downslope as per randomized-systematic method along which four Ecological patches, grasses, shrub - grass and forbs and interpatch bare soil were identified. 5 replicates of each patch were determined and eleven soil surface indices were scored as per landscape function analysis. The results show that all three indicators of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling were differed significantly among Ecological patches. The maximum amount of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling and the minimum one was relate to shrubs and bare soils respectively. It can be note that shrubs and shrubs-grass patches showed better performance than others. investigation of function attributes in the different Ecological patches can help to identify effective reagents for healthy rangeland vegetation and the assessment of these reagents can be faster and time and cost-effective to study soil qualitative and quantitative sustainability indicators, infiltration and soil nutrient cycling can be realized. It can serve as important step for the evaluation, management and planning future of natural ecosystems. �ربوط به لکه بوته و کمترین مقدار آن مربوط به خاک لخت می باشد. می توان گفت لکه های بوته ها و بوته- گندمیان از ویژگیهای عملکردی بهتری نسبت به دیگر لکه ها برخوردار بودند. بررسی ویژگیهای عملکردی لکه های اکولوژیک مختلف می تواند کمک زیادی به شناسایی معرفهای گیاهی موثر در سلامت اکوسیستم نموده و با ارزیابی این معرفها می توان سریعتر و با صرف وقت و هزینه کمتری به وضعیت کیفی سطح خاک پی برد که می تواند گامی مهم برای ارزیابی، مدیریت و برنامه ریزیهای آینده در این اکوسیستم های طبیعی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the Diversity of Camellia sinensis L. Genotypes by Their Echophytochemical Properties at Different Site of Gilan Province
Samira Montahaedargah Mohammadbagher Rezaee marzieh ghanbari jahromi sepideh Kalatejari shahin Jahangirzadeh KhiaviTea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a woody and perennial plant belonging to the Theaceace family. In this study, we evaluated the diversity of tea plant ecotypes from Langroud, Lahijan and Siahkal regions (ten ecotypes in each region) as three major tea growing regions in Ir MoreTea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a woody and perennial plant belonging to the Theaceace family. In this study, we evaluated the diversity of tea plant ecotypes from Langroud, Lahijan and Siahkal regions (ten ecotypes in each region) as three major tea growing regions in Iran during 2019. Traits such as fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, b and total, caffeine, polyphenols, percentage of total ash and water soluble and insoluble ash were measured. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference (P≤0.01) between tea ecotypes for all traits. The highest dry and fresh leaf weight was obtained in Siahkal ecotype (code 11). Siahkal ecotype (code 13) had the highest percentage of caffeine (7.63%), whereas Lahijan ecotype (code 21) represented the maximum amount. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll was observed in Siahkol ecotype (code 18) and the highest amount of chlorophyll b was observed in Lahijan ecotype (code 30). The maximum (9.45%) and minimum (3.1%) polyphenols (9.45%) were obtained in Siahkal (code 16) and Lahijan (code 21), respectively. Siahkal (code 18), Siahkal (code 12) and Lahijan (code 21) represented the optimum total ash, soluble and insoluble ash in water, respectively. In general, ecotypes belonging to Siahkal region (codes 11, 13, 16 and 18) can be used in planning breeding projects and deciding to select suitable parents in hybridization to increase tea yield and phytochemical properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The relationship between bank attributes and financial performance considering the moderating role of investing in information technology
Ali Nouri Khani Ali Norouzi Ali KhozainThe aim of this study is to investigating the relationship between bank attributes and financial performance considering the moderating role of investing in information technology among the banks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method is descriptive-post e MoreThe aim of this study is to investigating the relationship between bank attributes and financial performance considering the moderating role of investing in information technology among the banks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method is descriptive-post event and the 21 number of accepted banks at Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2017 to 2022 were elected as statistical sample. The data was collected via financial statements of banks and were analyzed via Excel and Eviews V.12 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between capital adequacy and management efficacy with financial performance. Aslo there is a significant relationship between investing in information technology and financial performance. Moreover the results showed that the moderating role of investing in information technology on the relationship between bank attributes and financial performance is significant (p<0.05). . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Tasbīḥ in the Comprehensive Position of Divine Names and Attributes
Mohammad Reza AramThe subject of Walīyullāh, as a collection of divine names and attributes, is one of the most fundamental issues of religion, especially from the perspective of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school. For this reason, religious scholars have spoken about it in a different way acco MoreThe subject of Walīyullāh, as a collection of divine names and attributes, is one of the most fundamental issues of religion, especially from the perspective of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school. For this reason, religious scholars have spoken about it in a different way according to the needs and requirements of their time, which undoubtedly, is important in many ways. In the discussion of the comprehensive truth of divine names and attributes with the subject of Tasbīḥ (glorification), we should finally mention the position and role of Walīyullāh al-ʿAẓam. In the view of Shiism, according to the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school, this position belongs to the guardian of Allah, Imam Mahdi (as); in fact, as the seal of the wilāyat and Walīyullāh, he holds the most final position in the matter of divine guardianship, and the glorification of existence also occurs at his command. Therefore, this article, which is dedicated to the topic of tasbīḥ and glorification in the comprehensive position of divine names and attributes, has introduced and discussed their role in the glorification of existence; and then, according to the stated contents, the influence of His Holiness' presence in the matter of glorification and tasbīḥ in different levels of creation will be explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effects of acetic acid on the microbial, chemical and sensorial attributes of turkey fillets during refrigerated storage
Tina Taheri Ali Fazlara Lale RoomianiIt is desirable to use a preservative with both antioxidant and antimicrobial properties such as edible acids for preserving of meat. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of acetic acids on the shelf life and keeping quality of turkey meat fillets at r MoreIt is desirable to use a preservative with both antioxidant and antimicrobial properties such as edible acids for preserving of meat. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of acetic acids on the shelf life and keeping quality of turkey meat fillets at refrigerated storage temperature. Samples were separated into three groups; untreated (control), treated with acetic acid 1% and 0.5%. Samples were stored at 4±1°C up to 15 days and evaluated periodically (on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15) for microbiological (mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts), chemical (pH, peroxide value; PV and total volatile nitrogen; TVN) and sensory (external aspect, muscular elasticity, odor and color) characteristics. Microbial analysis indicated that coating had significant effects (P<0.05) in reducing the mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts with at least a15 days extension of shelf life. In addition, the samples which treated with acetic acid 1% showed a lower amount of TVN, PV and pH compared to other groups as well as a better sensorial acceptability. The results of this study showed that the acetic acid can increase the shelf life of turkey meat fillet without adverse effects on the organoleptic properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Changes of the sensory attributes and microbial load of grass-carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet affected by thermal drying process during storage at 4°C
Masoud Hedayatifard Nahmeh Youseftabar-Miri Abolfazl FadaviThe sensory attributes (including color, odor, texture, taste and general acceptability) and microbial communities load (including TVC and number of mold-yeast) of Grass carp were investigated as affected by thermal drying. The samples were dried within 4-24 hrs in a la MoreThe sensory attributes (including color, odor, texture, taste and general acceptability) and microbial communities load (including TVC and number of mold-yeast) of Grass carp were investigated as affected by thermal drying. The samples were dried within 4-24 hrs in a laboratory dryer at 65°C and were packed under air condition and stored at 4°C. Temperature and time were recorded until moisture reduced to 35%. Both Row and dried samples were analyzed. The results showed that there were no difference in sensory attributes and microbal counts after drying processs (p>0.05). The results also showed that all of microbial counts and sensory attributes were changed during cold-storing. Microbial load of packed just-dried fish was lower than cold-stored samples; qua bacteria and mold-yeast counts were significantly increased at the day 30 from 2.90 to 3.58 and 1.62 to 3.31 Log cfu/g, respectively (p<0.05). Among of organoleptic parameters, taste and texture showed most changes during storing (p<0.05). Finally, dried products although showed a Quality loss in sensory and microbial indices, had an acceptable quality during 30 days of storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Live Yeast Supplementation for Heifers (F1 Angus × Nellore) in Intensive Grazing Finishing System
C.A. Pedrini J.R. Gandra E.R. Oliveira A.R.M. Fernandes F.S. Machado E.R.S. Gandra -
Open Access Article
43 - Effect of Potassium Silicate on Growth and Biochemical Attributes of Tomato under Salt Stress
Riti Kapoor Pooja Yadav -
Open Access Article
44 - Effect of postharvest oxalic acid treatment on ethylene production, quality parameters, and antioxidant potential of peach fruit during cold storage.
Farhang Razavi Jafar Hajilou Gholamreza Dehgan Rahim Nagshi Band Hassani -
Open Access Article
45 - A Framework for the Empirical Forecasting of the Software Quality
Reza Mosayyebi Alieh Peykar -
Open Access Article
46 - Presenting a New Text-Independent Speaker Verification System Based on Multi Model GMM
Mohammad Mosleh Faraz Forootan Najmeh Hosseinpour -
Open Access Article
47 - Analysis of Technology Attributes Influencing Non - Adoption of Apiary Production Technologies: The Case IFAD Bee Farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria
Nwaobiala . Chioma Udo -
Open Access Article
48 - Social Analysis and Presentation the Indigenous Model of the Impact of Tehran Shopping Centers Brand Image on Female Consumer Behavior
mona manian bahram kheiriDue to the important role of purchasing as a routine in social processes and development of mall shopping in Tehran in this few years, it is necessary to investigate a comprehensive model to understand their social effects, customer behavior, and dimensions of shopping MoreDue to the important role of purchasing as a routine in social processes and development of mall shopping in Tehran in this few years, it is necessary to investigate a comprehensive model to understand their social effects, customer behavior, and dimensions of shopping Centers Brand Image to use for editing invasion strategies by these mall shopping owners. This study try to present a theory on behavior of female customers in shopping centers in Tehran, using a communication approach focusing on culture and social contexts. Herein, background theory research and deep interviewing has been used. Results were explained in 6 main dimensions of shopping centers brand image, attitudes towards shopping centers, customer intentions, consumer behavior, social environment and demographic characteristics and 31 internal components. Finally, a comprehensive and localized model is developed to achieve a proper understanding of customer behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Investigating the Role of Enablers to Achieve Organizational Agility using Multiple Regression
Reza Ehtesham Rasi Omid Mehri NamakavaraniThe current study is aimed at investigating the role of agile enablers to achieve agility in Pegah Tehran Dairy Co. using multiple regression. In this study, a regression model was employed to achieve the ideal agility level, as well as analyze the effect of indicators MoreThe current study is aimed at investigating the role of agile enablers to achieve agility in Pegah Tehran Dairy Co. using multiple regression. In this study, a regression model was employed to achieve the ideal agility level, as well as analyze the effect of indicators and provide an optimal path to achieve agility. To this end, 96 questionnaires were distributed among the managers of Pegah Tehran Dairy Co., and the research tests were carried out by means of SPSS and Smart PLS software. The validity tests used in this research were average variance extracted (AVE) and the Lawshe test, respectively, with coefficients more than 0.5 and 0.8 for research variables. In fact, the resulting coefficients indicate the sufficient validity of the investigated questionnaire. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha test was utilized to measure its reliability, with a coefficient of more than 0.7 for all dimensions of the questionnaire, exhibiting its reliability. The results revealed that the variables of automation and employees had the most effect, and the technology variable had the least one. Besides, to achieve an acceptable level of each of the dimensions of agility attributes, the key variable(s) extracted from the analysis of this research should be identified, and the desired results would be achieved by making changes to them. In this case, maximum efficiency can be achieved, and the agility level can be improved with minimum time and cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Interval MULTIMOORA method with target values of attributes based on interval distance and preference degree: biomaterials selection
Arian Hafezalkotob Ashkan Hafezalkotob -
Open Access Article
51 - ترجمه خبر و مترجمان خبر
پرستو دری منش سید وحید عقیلی فردوس آقا گل زاده -
Open Access Article
52 - ترجمه خبر و مترجمان خبر
Parastu Dorrimanesh Seyed Vahid Aqili Ferdows Aghagolzadehاین مقاله به بررسی فرآیند ترجمه خبر، نقش مترجمان خبری در این فرآیند و مهارت ها، دانش و ویژگی های ضروری برای آنها با هدف ایجاد درک ماهیت ترجمه خبر می پردازد. علاوه بر این، بررسی می کندکه آیا دوره های دانشگاهی ترجمه اخبار به طور مناسب و مطابق با نیازهای این حرفه طراحی و ا Moreاین مقاله به بررسی فرآیند ترجمه خبر، نقش مترجمان خبری در این فرآیند و مهارت ها، دانش و ویژگی های ضروری برای آنها با هدف ایجاد درک ماهیت ترجمه خبر می پردازد. علاوه بر این، بررسی می کندکه آیا دوره های دانشگاهی ترجمه اخبار به طور مناسب و مطابق با نیازهای این حرفه طراحی و ارائه می شوند یا خیر. برای دستیابی به این هدف، از 12 خبرنگار-مترجم که برای هشت خبرگزاری در ایران کار می کنند، به منظور شرکت در این مطالعه دعوت شد. از طریق مصاحبه های عمیق و پرسشنامه در مقیاس لیکرت، سوالاتی از مصاحبه شوندگان پرسیده شد که پاسخ آنها نشان می داد فرآیند ترجمه خبر شامل پنج مرحله اصلی است که بین خبرگزاری ها تا حد زیادی مشترک است. اما این که افرادی که نقش اساسی را ایفا میکنند چه کسانی هستند، بین مراحل کار چه اتفاقی می افتد و مترجمان خبری در این فرآیند چه جایگاهی دارند، همه به سیاست های خبرگزاری و مهارت های مترجمان بستگی دارد. مصاحبه شوندگان مجموعاً 31 ویژگی را به عنوان ویژگی های ضروری مترجمان خبری توانمند شناسایی کردند. در نهایت، کارشناسان در مورد برنامه های دانشگاهی مرتبط، نظر منفی یکسانی داشتند و معتقد بودند که برنامه ها نیاز به بازنگری اساسی دارند. انتظار میرود که بررسی این مسائل باعث روشنشدن برخی از جنبههای نادیده گرفته شده در تولید خبر شود و به تدوین برنامههای درسی ترجمه خبر و طراحی دروس مرتبط در دانشکدههای روزنامهنگاری و رسانهها کمک سازنده ای کند. Manuscript profile -
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53 - Causes and consequences of the narrator criticism based on religion
Muhammad QasemiThe rijals of the sects have judged the narrators and injured some of them in order to ensure the authenticity of the hadith about the character of the narrators. For the narrator, he has considered the necessary attributes, the most important of which is "justice and r MoreThe rijals of the sects have judged the narrators and injured some of them in order to ensure the authenticity of the hadith about the character of the narrators. For the narrator, he has considered the necessary attributes, the most important of which is "justice and recording". A study and analysis of the behavior and speech of prominent scholars and narrators, which is more compatible with reason and narration, shows that most of them have accepted the narrations of other religious people if they are authentic. The inclusion of the element of religion in the wound is rooted in the rule of the ummah and the differences of opinion in this regard. While the Shiite rijals have paid attention to the religion of the narrator due to the occurrence of deviation in the rule and the abuse of the rulers by the stream of hadith, the Sunni rijals have turned their attention to the religion of the narrator due to elements such as taqiya or phenomena such as exaggeration. In this analytical-argumentative article, it has been revealed that the unreasonable inclusion of the element of religion has caused the deprivation of a part of the prophetic heritage and the closing of the gap between the citizens of Islamic religions. Manuscript profile -
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54 - Attributes of the Qur'an in Masnavi with reference to the Holy Qur'an
Sayyed Ata' Allah Eftekhari The outward and inward beauties of the Qur'an, the comprehensiveness, novelty, and depth of the Qur'anic meaning have caused Muslim poets and listeners to embellish their writings with the word of revelation and try to analyze and explain it. Unaffected, More The outward and inward beauties of the Qur'an, the comprehensiveness, novelty, and depth of the Qur'anic meaning have caused Muslim poets and listeners to embellish their writings with the word of revelation and try to analyze and explain it. Unaffected, the manifestation of the Holy Quran in Masnavi in various subjects is clear and obvious. The attractiveness of Masnavi is undoubtedly due to Rumi's special attention to the Quran. And its interpretations are not possible. Due to the wide range of topics in Masnavi that is influenced by the Qur'an, in this article only, the attributes of the Holy Qur'an that have been included in the word of revelation and Rumi has referred to those verses have been examined. Research findings show that most verses in Masnavi Which has expressed the characteristics of the Qur'an and has been considered by the poet and interpreted, and Rumi has been able to use the Holy Qur'an and its beautiful verses in the best way to achieve his goals and prove religious ideas. Manuscript profile -
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55 - The Possibility for Combinatory Approach in Semantics of Divine Attributes
قدرت الله قربانیThere are some different approaches regarding semantics of divine attributes that try to speak about God meaninfully. Some of them are included of anthropomorphicism, negativism, symbolic language, analogical predicate, functional language and gradual predicate. From th MoreThere are some different approaches regarding semantics of divine attributes that try to speak about God meaninfully. Some of them are included of anthropomorphicism, negativism, symbolic language, analogical predicate, functional language and gradual predicate. From them, gradual predicate approach has more capabilities. Each of these approaches have their own function regarding recognizing divine attributes, but none of them are able to render the most complete knowledge about divine complicated attributes which can be contact and speak with such a God meaningfully. Combinatory approach, by using the merits of mentioned approaches and avoiding of their defects, tries to get more acceptable and logical understanding of divine attributesa and ways to speak with God. In fact, this approach tries to speak with divine attributes by considering dividing them into metaphysical and non-metaphysical (namely Humanly attributes), and dividing the latter ones into moral and non-moral (like Power and Knowledge) attributes, and also through dividing divine attributes to positive and negative, attributes of the essence and acts, and based on these divisions and people’s different stages of understanding and plurality of lingueistic function. Since people’s uniderstanding are not the same as researches and philosophers or gnostics which shows more necessity of combinatory approach. Manuscript profile -
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56 - Existence from the Viewpoint of Shaikh Ishrāq
عزیزاله افشار کرمانیFrom Suhrawardī’s viewpoint, what is actualized in the external reality is called ipseity (huwiyya). The ipseity is the same as individuation. When these things come to mind they will be divided into two intellectual concepts, i.e. existence (wudjūd) and quiddity MoreFrom Suhrawardī’s viewpoint, what is actualized in the external reality is called ipseity (huwiyya). The ipseity is the same as individuation. When these things come to mind they will be divided into two intellectual concepts, i.e. existence (wudjūd) and quiddity (māhiyya). Suhrawardī believes that existence, quiddity and other philosophical concepts are intellectual abstractions. In the actual world there is no otherness or distinction between these philosophical concepts and ipseity, and all of these philosophical concepts are the means of intellectual analysis of reality, so any distinction leads to infinite regress. Therefore, Suhrawardī believes in realism or fundamental reality of ipseity and from his viewpoint ipseity is a relative concept, just like existence. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Acquired knowledge to the necessary Being in Mulla Sadra’s approach
Mohammad Kazem Reza zadeh joudiKnowing God is the hiest level of human knowledges. The mode of this knowledge has always been notable and controversial subject. The acquired knowledge is one of the two kinds of knowledge in which by the mental concepts the knowledge of o MoreKnowing God is the hiest level of human knowledges. The mode of this knowledge has always been notable and controversial subject. The acquired knowledge is one of the two kinds of knowledge in which by the mental concepts the knowledge of objects can be achieved. In Transcendental theosophy, Knowledge of thing, has been On the basis of criteria such as the existential relationship between Two objects, Perceived thing should be an effect and depends on its existential degree. Accordingly, the basic question is, How is the acquired knowledge to the necessary Being ? Mulla Sadra, by representing different levels of knowledge of God such as essence, attributes and acts, rejects the acquired knowledge in certain levels. In this article, at the first section, three criteria for obtaining acquired knowledge between two objects has been Explained. in the second part, the reasons for rejecting the acquired knowledge to God’s nature such as :God's specific being, essential simpility & his infinity , And the possibility of acquired knowledge of divine attributes and acts has been taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
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58 - The Heavenly Attributes of the Revelatory Torah in the Holy Quran
Habib Makaremnjad Ali Fathollahi Ardeshir MonazamiThe Holy Quran, as the last book of revelation of the Semitic religions, has spoken about the texts of its family and all its roots with high frequency. These words are sometimes expressed in the position of confirmation and sometimes in the position of their criticism. MoreThe Holy Quran, as the last book of revelation of the Semitic religions, has spoken about the texts of its family and all its roots with high frequency. These words are sometimes expressed in the position of confirmation and sometimes in the position of their criticism. In confirming the Torah, the Holy Qur'an states many attributes (attributes), some of which are common between the Torah and the Qur'an, such as: mercy, difference and remembrance, etc. These common attributes indicate the origin of revelation. It has the Torah; A divine book that has been approved by the Qur'an and is also considered to be the herald of the Qur'an. The attribution of the Torah to the Holy Prophet, Prophet Moses (pbuh) in the form of tablets and in the forty-day spiritual journey of Mount Toor, is one of the most important of these Quranic data. Although not all the details of the Torah are mentioned in the Quran, some commentators have referred to its messages, such as not associating partners with God, respecting one's parents, and so on. Manuscript profile -
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59 - The Effect of the Auditor Attributes and Board of Directors Structure on the Possibility of Fraudulent Financial Statements of Commercial Companies
Kasra Barzegar abbaspour Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi Marzieh Ebrahimi ShaghaghiAbstractDetection of fraud has long been the focus of independent, internal and professional auditors, and therefore the emphasis of these professional institutions and auditing standards is on improving the organizational structure, reinforcing the internal control sys MoreAbstractDetection of fraud has long been the focus of independent, internal and professional auditors, and therefore the emphasis of these professional institutions and auditing standards is on improving the organizational structure, reinforcing the internal control system and conducting regular and regular audits to prevent the occurrence of fraud decrease and enhance the credibility of financial reports. Considering that in recent years there has been an increasing growth in fraudulent financial reporting of companies around the world, in the present study, the effect of internal factors (board of directors structure) and external factors (auditor attributes) on the probability of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Has been. For this purpose, data from 160 selected companies have been used. In order to analyze the data, the regression method of panel data with logit approach has been used. The results show that the internal-organizational factors studied in this study; the possibility of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been affected. It is also observed that the external factors considered in the study also had a significant effect on the probability of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Pomological Attributes and Chemical Composition of Cultivars and Wild Genotypes of Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) in Iran
Mohammad Aref Pourian Davood Bakhshi Hossein Hokmabadi Ali Aalami -
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61 - Effect of MAP and Different Atmospheric Conditions on the Sensory Attributes and Shelf life Characteristics of Fresh Pistachio Nuts
Shima Shayanfar Mahdi Kashaninejad Morteza Khomeiri Zahra Emam Djomeh Younes Mostofi -
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62 - Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions
ElouaerMohamed Aymen Ben Fredj Meriem Zhani Kaouther Hannachi CherifReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Condit MoreReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions Elouaer Mohamed Aymen 1 *, Ben Fredj Meriem 1, Zhani Kaouther 1,Hannachi Cherif 1 Sousse University, High Institute of Agronomy, Chott Mariem, 4042, Tunisia * Corresponding author E-mail: aymenouaer@gmail.com Received: 17 July 2013 Accepted: 12 November 2013 Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of NaCl priming on growth traits and some biochemical attributes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv Safola) in salinity conditions. Seeds of safflower were primed with NaCl (5 g L-1) for 12 h in 23 °C. Primed (P) and non primed (NP) seeds were directly sown in the field. Experiments were conducted using various water concentrations induced by NaCl (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1) in salinity experiment. Results showed that growth (plant height, fresh and dry weight) and biochemical (chlorophyll, proline and proteins content) of plants derived from primed seeds were greater of about 15 to 30% than that of plants derived from non primed seeds. It seems that salinity tolerance in priming resulted plants was due to higher potential of these plants to accumulate more biochemical attributes (more chlorophylles, proline and proteins in primed plants than controls ones). Keywords: Biochemical attributes, Growth parameters, Safflower, Salinity, Seed priming Introduction Salt stress is certainly one of the most serious environmental factors limiting the productivity of crop plants (Ashraf, 1999). This is due to the fact that salinity affects most aspects of plant physiology, growth and development (Borsani et al., 2003). One metabolic response to salt stress is the synthesis of compatible osmolytes (Hasegawa et al., 2000). These organic compounds are thought to mediate osmotic adjustment, protecting cellular structures and oxidative damage by their free radical scavenging capacity (Smirnoff, 1993). Metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is often regarded as a basic strategy for the protection and survival of plants under abiotic stress (Sakamoto and Murata, 2000 Shabala and Cuin, 2006). Many plant species accumulate significant amounts of glycine betaine, proline, and polyols in response to high salinity (Di Martino et al., 2003). In addition to the conventional role of these compatible solutes in cell osmotic adjustment (Bray, 1993), they are also suggested to act as low molecular-weight chaperones, stabilizing the photosystem II complex, protecting the structure of enzymes and proteins, maintaining membrane integrity and scavenging ROS (Mansour, 1998 Noiraud et al., 2001). The production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cells increases during abiotic and biotic stresses like salt stress, as does the level of ROS-induced damage. Elevated production of ROS can seriously disrupt cellular homeostasis and normal metabolisms through oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and nucleic acid (Bandeoglu et al., 2004). Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment that involves exposure of seeds to low external water potential that limits hydration. This hydration is sufficient to permit pre-germinative metabolic events but insufficient to allow radicle protrusion through the seed coat. This technique has become a common seed treatment that can increase emergence, growth, yield and salt tolerance mainly under unfavorable environmental conditions (Ashraf and Rauf 2001). Higher salt tolerance of plants from primed seed seems to be the results of a higher capacity of osmotic adjustment (proline or carbohydrate synthesis) in leaves. Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance of melon seedlings. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedlings because it decreased cell membrane injury and increased seedling proline concentration. Seed priming is one of the physiological methods which improve plant growth and yield. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of NaCl priming on some aspects of growth and physiology, including protein, chlorophyll and proline content of safflower under salt stress. Materials and methods The experiment was carried in the experimental field research of Chott Mariem High Institute of Agronomy, (Tunisia) in November 2011. Safflower seeds were primed with 5 g L-1 NaCl solution for 12 hours, at 22 °C. After priming, primed and non primed seeds (control seeds) were sown directly in the soil at the month of November. Throughout their vegetative cycles, plants from primed and control seeds were irrigated with saline water at five levels of NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1). The experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications and 20 plants per replication and two factors which were priming treatment (NaCl primed seeds and control seeds) and salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 NaCl). Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a and b content were calculated (663 and 640 nm) according to the method of Lichtenthaler (1987). Protein content was estimated at 595 nm according to the method of Bradford (1976) using bovine serum albumin as standard. Free proline was estimated at 520 nm according to the method of Bates et al. (1973) and pure proline was used as standard. Plants were harvested at the flowering stage and were recorded on shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1), shoot chlorophyll a content (mg g-1fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll b content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll (a + b) content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot proline content (μg.g-1 fresh weight), shoot protein content (mg.g-1 fresh weight). Growth and biochemical parameters of safflower were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (p NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 162a 143c 153b 135cd 141c 122e 132d 118f 124e 109g 423a 214c 312b 165d 156de 146e 143e 129f 131f 98g 158a 119c 142b 106d 109d 93e 98e 86f 77g 58h Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Table 2. Effect of NaCl priming and salinity on chlorophyll, proline and proteins contents of safflower under NaCl stress Treatments Chlr (a) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (a + b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Proline (μg g-1 F. Wt.) Proteins (mg g-1 F. Wt.) Seed Priming NaCl (g L-1) 0 3 6 9 12 P NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 1.628a 1.236e 1.532b 1.195f 1.402c 0.952fg 1.306d 0.806g 1.224e 0.671h 0.824a 0.627c 0.706b 0.514d 0.596d 0.394f 0.467e 0.271g 0.334f 0.194h 2.574a 1.914c 2.298b 1.704e 2.094b 1.692e 1.802d 1.042g 1.604f 0.834h 61.18e 52.52f 102.24d 62.02e 119.84c 104.68cd 154.67b 114.52c 196.42a 158.08b 0.385e 0.197h 0.421d 0.243g 0.474c 0.286f 0.502b 0.306ef 0.543a 0.342ef Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Maximum shoot proline content of 196.42 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded in plant derived from primed (P) seeds from the treatment applied with 12 g L-1 NaCl. Minimum proline content of 52.52 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded from plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl. Highest shoot protein content was recorded in plant derived from primed seeds with the application of 12 g L-1 NaCl (0.543 mg g -1 Fresh Weight). The Lowest shoot proteins were observed in plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl (0.197 mg g-1 Fresh Weight). The treatment of seed priming has increased shoot protein content by 35% in primed seed (P) than non primed seed (NP). Mean values of the data revealed significant increase in shoot protein content with the application of additional increment of salinity. Shoot protein content was enhanced with the application of 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 salinity levels, respectively. Discussion The present study confirmed that plant height recorded in plants derived from primed seeds were significantly different from non-primed treatments when exposed to different salinity levels. Similar results are also reported by Sivritepe et al. (2003) in melon. It was observed that boosting levels of salinity has gradually decreased plant height which might be due to decreased physiological activities resulting from water and nutrients stress occurring under salinity stress. The adverse effect of salinity on plants may lead to disturbances in plant metabolism, which consequently led to reduction of plant growth and productivity (Shafi et al., 2009). Seed priming and salinity levels have extensively affected shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1) of safflower. Shoot weight decreased progressively with the rise of stress level compared with control. Fortmeir and Swchuber (1995) also reported similar results in barley. The increase in salinity levels resulted in the development of water and nutrient stresses. The toxic effect of sodium at high salt levels and physical damage to roots decreased their ability to absorb water and nutrient which caused marked reduction in photosynthesis, enzymatic process and protein synthesis (Tester and Davenport, 2003), which resulted in stunted growth and poor leaf area development. The decrease in the rate of photosynthesis due to leaf area might be responsible to decrease shoot fresh and in turn dry weight. It is evident from results that primed seeds in comparison with control seeds resulted in more crop growth rate (Basra et al., 2003). Therefore, it is concluded that seed priming could be more effective in improving safflower growth parameters. These results agree with the finding of Harris et al. (2001) and Basra et al. (2003). They reported greater plant weight following seed priming. Salinity drastically affects photosynthesis due to decreasing chlorophyll content and commonly showed adverse effects on membrane stability (Parida et al., 2002). Salinity reduced the chlorophyll a and b content with increasing NaCl concentrations. Increasing salinity decreased chlorophyll content in plants (Scalet et al., 1995). Salinity caused decreases in phototsynthetic pigment contents and photosystem II electron transport activity in plants (Potluri and Devi Prasad, 1996). The reduction of photosynthetic pigment in the present study might have been degradation of chlorophyll by chlorophyllase and reactive oxygen species generated during photorespiration under salinity. Salt induced osmotic stress as well as sodium toxicity trigger to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such superoxide (O2.), hydrogen peroxide (HO), hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen (O2-), which can damage mitochondria and chloroplast by disrupting cellular structure (Singh et al., 1987). It is attributed to a salt-induced weakening of protein-pigment-lipid complex and due to the suppression of the specific enzyme which is responsible for synthesis of green pigments (Souza et al., 2004) or increases chlorophyllase enzyme activity (Sreenivasulu et al., 1999). Leslie and Romani (1988) have showed that salicylic acid seed priming treatment stimulates photosynthetic machinery and increase the content of chlorophyll. El-Tayeb (2005) has found that Barley seeds presoaked with 1mM salicylic acid under salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM NaCl) increased the photosynthetic pigment like chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and caratenoids in shoots and roots of 15 day old seedlings compared to seedlings treated with NaCl alone. In the present investigation, seed priming with NaCl had maintained significantly higher total chlorophyll contents and its fractions ‘a’ and ‘b’ compared to control which recorded highest reduction. Similar increase in chlorophyll content has been reported by several authors, Saha and Gupta (1998) in mungbean, Afria et al. (1998) in Gaur and Cengiz et al. (2002) in tomato. The increase in chlorophyll content in these treatments was attributed to decrease in chlorophyllase activity and de novo synthesis of structural component of proteins which are responsible for chlorophyll degradation (Subater and Rodriguez, 1978). Proline plays an important role in reducing the injurious effects of salinity and an acceleration of the repairing processes following stresses. Proline has already been reported to act as an osmoprotectant and associated with mechanism of salt tolerance under salinity stresses (Yu Lei and Shaozheng, 2000). It protects folded protein structures against denaturation, stabilizes cell membranes by interacting with phospholipids, functions as a hydroxyl radical scavenger, or serves as an energy and nitrogen source (Aspinal and Paleg, 1981). Accumulation of solutes like proline can help the plant systems to adopt in saline environment (Garcia et al., 1997). Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that, NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance in melon seedling, under saline condition compared to non-priming seed. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedling because seed priming decreased seedling cell membrane damage and increased seedling proline concentration. Recent studies suggest that proline may play as an enzyme stabilizing role (Bhattacharjee and Mukherjee 2002 Maggio et al., 2002) and reduce lipid peroxidation (Jain et al., 2001 Farhoudi et al., 2007) under salt stress. Our results showed that safflower shoot from Primed group had the highest proline concentration under the highest salinity level. Proteins that accumulate in plants under saline conditions may provide a storage form of nitrogen that is re-utilized later (Turan et al., 2007) and may play a role in osmotic adjustment. Proteins may be synthesized de novo in response to salt stress or may be present constitutively at low concentration and increase when plants are exposed to salt stress (Pareek et al., 1997). In the present study, both salt stress and NaCl seed priming caused an increase in shoot protein. However, this effect was more in plant derived from primed seed than plant derived from control seed. While working with wheat, Al-Hakimi and Hamada (2001) found that seed priming with ascorbic acid counteracted adverse effects of salt stress by increasing leaf soluble proteins, which protect the membrane and membrane bound enzymes (Jeng and Sung, 1994). Thus, increased in leaf protein due to seed priming was one of the reasons that contributed in improved growth of safflower under saline conditions. Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed that salt stress decrease safflower growth but NaCl priming helps plants to decrease salt stress injury. Seed priming has positive effects on plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights of safflower. Chlorophylls, proline and proteins concentrations were accumulated in plants derived from primed seeds. It has been suggested that a higher concentration of those biochemical attributes could increase tolerance of safflower plants derived from primed seeds to environmental stresses such as salinity. Therefore, NaCl seed priming could be used as presowing treatment to improve agronomic performance of safflower under saline conditions. References Afria BS, Nathawat NS, Yadav ML. 1998. Effect of cycocel and saline irrigation of physiological attributes, yield and its components in different varieties of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3(1): 46-48. Al-Hakimi AMA, Hamada AM. 2001. Counteraction of salinity stress on wheat plants by grain soaking in ascorbic acid, thiamin or sodium salicylate. Biol. Plant, 44: 253-261. Ashraf M. 1999. Breeding for salinity tolerance proteins in plants. Critical Review of Plant Science, 13: 17-42. Ashraf M, Rauf H. 2001. Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) through seed priming with chloride salts: Growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiol. Plant., 23: 407 – 414. Aspinall D, Paleg LG. 1981. Proline Accumulation, Physiological Aspects. In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants, Paleg, L.G. and D. Aspinall (Eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp: 206-240. Bandeoglu E, Eyidogan F, Yucel M, Octel HA. 2004. Antioxydants responses of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 42: 69-77. Basra SMA, Ehsanullah E, Warraich A, Cheema MA, Afzal I. 2003. Effect of storage on growth and yield of primed canola seed. 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Effect of NaCl on stomatal resistance and proline chlorophyll, NaCl and K concentrations of lentil plants. Journal of Agronomy, 6: 378-381. Yu Lei MK, Shaozheng L. 2000. Research on salt tolerance of some tree species on muddy seashore of north China. In International seminar on “Prospects for saline agriculture”. April 10-12, 2000, Islamabad (Pakistan). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Evaluation of some agronomic and phonological attributes in spring bread wheat genotypes
S. Barani M. Shokrpour In order to study of some agronomic and phenological attributes, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili with use 29 More In order to study of some agronomic and phenological attributes, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili with use 29 spring bread wheat genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that among genotypes for grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf area, flag leaf cholorophy scale and tillering time had significant difference in level %1 probability but, for flowering time and ripening time had not significant difference. The grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with biological yield, flag leaf area, flag leaf cholorophy scale and harvest index but, showed a negative correlation and significantly with tillering time. The flowering time have positive linkage and significantly with tillering time and showed negative correlation and significantly with havest index. According to the results, Shiroudi, Nick-Nejad & Alborz, cultivars many of agronomic & phenological traits, desirable and than the other genotypes excelled and produced acceptable grain yield. Therefore, can be expressed production in different whead cultivars influenced by its genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of amounts and time of methanol application on yield and yield components of spring safflower at Farahan
A. A. Hakim Aval H. Madani M. ChangiziIn order to study of some agronomic and phenological attributes, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili with use 29 spring bread wheat genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with MoreIn order to study of some agronomic and phenological attributes, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili with use 29 spring bread wheat genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that among genotypes for grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf area, flag leaf cholorophy scale and tillering time had significant difference in level %1 probability but, for flowering time and ripening time had not significant difference. The grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with biological yield, flag leaf area, flag leaf cholorophy scale and harvest index but, showed a negative correlation and significantly with tillering time. The flowering time have positive linkage and significantly with tillering time and showed negative correlation and significantly with havest index. According to the results, Shiroudi, Nick-Nejad & Alborz, cultivars many of agronomic & phenological traits, desirable and than the other genotypes excelled and produced acceptable grain yield. Therefore, can be expressed production in different whead cultivars influenced by its genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - God's Essence and Attributes from Maulana's Point of View
Rogayyeh Sepehri Some'e Sofla fatemeh ModarresiAbstract One of the important faith and verbal beliefs after the proof of God's existence is God's essence and attributes which is among the most monotheistic ideas of philosophy and mystic sciences. In the issue of God's essence, there are not significant differences MoreAbstract One of the important faith and verbal beliefs after the proof of God's existence is God's essence and attributes which is among the most monotheistic ideas of philosophy and mystic sciences. In the issue of God's essence, there are not significant differences between the different verbal views. What has provoked the dispute among verbal sects, is the issue of God's attributes and their relation between them and essence. In this research, we aim to state Maulana's opinion about this category in analytic – descriptive method. The research resultant indicates that in the discussion of God's essence and attributes, Maulana distinguished between them, and considered God's essence and attributes as a whole. Although, according to mystic and verbal tenets he calls God's attributes as " old ", it means that he knew God's essence as a unique one, in which there is no plurality. So, in his view, God's attributes are involved in God's essence and considered them as a description and statement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Evaluating the Relationship between Managers’ leadership Styles and Customer Satisfaction in Sport Clubs: The predictive role of personality attributes in the leadership styles of general managers
hashm purrezaian zinat nikaeen ali zaeriAbstractThis study aimed to determine the relationship between leadership styles of general managers and club customer satisfaction in sport clubs. In addition, the next goal of the current study was to evaluate the predictability of general managers' leadership styles MoreAbstractThis study aimed to determine the relationship between leadership styles of general managers and club customer satisfaction in sport clubs. In addition, the next goal of the current study was to evaluate the predictability of general managers' leadership styles based on their personality attributes. The population of the study was 32 general managers of sports clubs in district one of Tehran city who were selected by simple random sampling. All the customers of these sports clubs, including the sample number to calculate the customer satisfaction score, were 10 people from each sport clubs, who commented on the management of that sports club. Customers were randomly selected on the day and time of their visit to the club. To collect data, three questionnaires were used, which were: The Clark Leadership Style Survey, The 60-item NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and a researcher-made sheet of satisfaction of sports club customers. Taken together, the results suggest that all types of leadership styles have a significant correlation with customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the personality attributes of general managers have been explained and predicted, which were 79% for authoritarian leadership style, 47% for democratic leadership style, and 77% for devoted leadership style. In short, sports club owners can be assisted to recognize the best leadership styles and consider the best style as important criteria for selecting club general managers. As a result, general managers will achieve one of their most important business goals, which is to satisfy club customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Analysis and Prioritize the Evaluation Attributes in Iranian Taekwondo National Team Coaches in view of National Athletes (Male)
mehdi baghri hadi tiran najaf aghaeiThe present study aims at prioritizing performance evaluation attributes in Iranian Taekwondo National Team coaches in the view of national athletes. The statistical sample was the same as the statistical population due to the low number of participants (n=61). A resear MoreThe present study aims at prioritizing performance evaluation attributes in Iranian Taekwondo National Team coaches in the view of national athletes. The statistical sample was the same as the statistical population due to the low number of participants (n=61). A researcher-made questionnaire including seven sections was used as the instrument. Face validity and content validity were approved by eleven experts including university professors, National Taekwondo Team coaches, international referees, and Taekwondo experts and academics. Cronbach’s Alpha (α=93/0) and composite reliability (83/0) were used to evaluate instrument’s reliability. SPSS software and Friedman test were used for data analysis and coaching criteria ranking, respectively. Based on the findings, the criteria can be listed based on the order of significance as technique skills, managerial skills, technical skills, professional relationships, psychological skills, socio-communicational skills, and championship experience. With respect to these results, athletic managers in Taekwondo Federation should focus on technique and managerial skills before the other criteria for more development of Taekwondo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The teaching of monotheism in the Arafa prayer of Imam Hossein
abbas izadpanah seyed alireza fatemianpourSeeking God is one of the natural human desires that throughout history, humans have always shown this natural desire. Imam Baqera says: Their destiny is for knowledge. In this article, the title "The teaching of monotheism in the Arafa prayer of Imam Hossein" is explai MoreSeeking God is one of the natural human desires that throughout history, humans have always shown this natural desire. Imam Baqera says: Their destiny is for knowledge. In this article, the title "The teaching of monotheism in the Arafa prayer of Imam Hossein" is explained. Prayer is a drop from the boundless sea of divine knowledge that has flowed from the mouth of God's saints. When a person refers to the prayers of Imams Athar (PBUH), he sees himself next to a boundless ocean, and through the Arafa prayer, it is full of pure divine mysticism that we are looking for in this article. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of gathering information in the form of documents What is inferred as the result of considering monotheism in the prayer of Arafa is hidden in this phrase of Imam Hussain, peace be upon him, in the prayer of Arafa: "For God is jealous, and nothing is just, and nothing is like an object" because there is nothing like God, hence, the relationship of man with Other things should not be like his relationship with God. The oneness of God requires that the relations of the creatures with him should also be oneness. The meaning of devotional monotheism appears better here that a person is only obedient to God and bows before him. Manuscript profile
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