Mucilage

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid on the quantitative and qualitative yield of flixweed under different drought stress conditions in the form of split plots based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in the research farm of the Faculty of More

In order to investigate the effect of humic acid on the quantitative and qualitative yield of flixweed under different drought stress conditions in the form of split plots based on randomized complete blocks with four replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ghods Branch. The main factor of irrigation in 3 levels includes: normal irrigation, mild stress and severe stress in the main plots and the secondary factor of humic acid in 3 levels including: non-consumption, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L spraying with humic acid was present in the subplots. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of irrigation levels at 5% and humic acid at 1% and the interaction between irrigation and humic acid at 5% were significant. The highest grain yield was related to the treatment of 200 mg/L humic acid under normal irrigation conditions. The results showed that in all irrigation levels, increasing humic acid consumption led to increased grain yield, so that in normal irrigation and mild stress conditions the least difference between humic acid levels and in severe stress conditions the highest difference between humic acid levels was observed. This means that humic acid showed the greatest effect in reducing the effects of drought stress compared to other levels of irrigation (mild stress and normal irrigation). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Evaluation of Irrigation Regimes and Use of Organic Fertilizers on Qualitive and Quantitive Yield of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Rana Gholinezhad Alireza Sirousmehr Baratali Fakheri

To study the effects of irrigation regimes and organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost) on mucilage percentage and some quality characteristics of borago (Borago officinalis) a field experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete More

To study the effects of irrigation regimes and organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost) on mucilage percentage and some quality characteristics of borago (Borago officinalis) a field experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran during 2012. Irrigation regimes were S1: 100% FC, as control, S2: 80% FC (moderate stress) and S3: 60% FC (severe stress) and application of organic fertilizers: N1: without fertilizer as control, N2: 40 t.ha-1 compost, N3: 4 t.ha-1 vermicompost were assigned to main plots and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that N, P and K, as well as the amount of chlorophyll a, carotenoid and total chlorophyll content decreased with increasing drought stress, but decreasing effects of fertilizers levels on traits were not high. Stress conditions and application of compost increased sodium percentage. By increasing drought stress, soluble carbohydrates and mucilage percent also increased. Highest mucilage percent (2.37) was obtained from moderate stress treatment. Highest total dry yield (13.48 t.ha-1) was also due to non-stress conditions. This was not significantly different mild stress. Application of organic fertilizers, particularly compost, resulted in greater performance. It can be concluded that acceptable yield of dry borage and higher mucilage percent can be obtained from irrigation at 80 percent field capacity and use of compost in Zabol climatic condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The effect of biocomposite coating based on Opopanax mucilage and gelatin containing zinc oxide nanoparticles enriched by peppermint (Mentha piperita L) essential oil on the microbial and sensory properties characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Mohammad Javad Rashidi leila Roozbeh nasiraie Shahin Zomorodi Sara Jafarian

10.30495/jfh.2023.1972363.1381

Considering the possible adverse effects on the sensory properties of food due to the use of essential oils in effective concentrations for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, the use of combined methods can be effective. In this study, the effect of coating combina More

Considering the possible adverse effects on the sensory properties of food due to the use of essential oils in effective concentrations for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, the use of combined methods can be effective. In this study, the effect of coating combination of gelatin and Opopanax mucilage containing 0.5% zinc oxide nanoparticles, enriched by concentrations of 0, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 % of peppermint essential oil and modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) on preventing the growth of microbial population rainbow trout fillets were evaluated during 20 days of storage in the refrigerator. The results showed that in all treatments the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophs, lactic acid bacteria, and coliforms as well as pH increased during the storage period but decreased by increasing peppermint essential oil (p<0.05). Also, the microbial load in treatments with a coating containing nanoparticles and MAP was significantly lower than in the control sample (p<0.05). The results of sensory evaluation also showed that the odor and color scores of the samples decreased during storage, which was the highest in the control and the lowest in the NPEO3 treatment (p<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation were consistent with the results of microbial analysis. According to the results obtained in this study, using the mixture of 0.5 % zinc oxide nanoparticles and 50% peppermint essential oil in edible coating composed of Opopanax mucilage and gelatin for increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet up to the 15th day is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Alleviatory activities of salicylic acid and chitosan in burdock plant (Arctium lappa L.) under drought stress
Reza Noora Ali reza Safahani

Salicylic acid and chitosan improve the plants’ resistance against drought stress through various mechanisms. To date, no information is available about the simultaneous effect of drought stress, chitosan, and salicylic acid onthe biochemical and physiological res More

Salicylic acid and chitosan improve the plants’ resistance against drought stress through various mechanisms. To date, no information is available about the simultaneous effect of drought stress, chitosan, and salicylic acid onthe biochemical and physiological responses of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) plant. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in a split plot form based on randomized complete block design with four replicates at the experimental farm of the Agriculture Faculty of Payame Noor University in Isfahan, during two successive years (2017-2018). Treatments included irrigation as the main factor at three levels (40%, 60%, and 80% hereafter called I1, I2 and I3, respectively), based on a predefined level of maximum allowable depletion of the threshold of available soil water, and four levels of foliar applications as the subplots (control, 5 g/liter of chitosan, 1 mg/liter of salicylic acid, and combined application of salicylic acid and chitosan hereafter called S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively). Results indicated that the reduction of irrigation water, I2 and I3 treatments, compared to I1 treatment increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the content of reactive oxygen species, and content of mucilage in burdock plant. The mucilage content in root showed an increase by 61%, and 110% in I2 and I3, respectively, in comparison with I1 regardless of foliar applications. Also, application of chitosan and salicylic acid led to improved chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, plant water status, and the uptake of nutrients. Burdock photosynthesis rate was higher in S2-S4 than S1 regardless of irrigation levels (on the average 1.9, 2.9, and 2.4 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively). It is therefore suggested that application of chitosan and salicylic acid could be effective in growing burdock under drought stress.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Evaluating the foliar application of salicylic acid and iron nano chelate on some biochemical and morpho-physiological properties of Aromatic violet (Viola odorata L.)
Asma Hasanvand Leila Fahmideh Fatemeh Bidarnamani

10.30495/iper.2021.679524

 To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid and nano iron chelate on the mucilage and carbohydrate values as well as some morpho-physiological traits of Viola aodorata L. species, a factorial experiment was defined based on randomized com More

 To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid and nano iron chelate on the mucilage and carbohydrate values as well as some morpho-physiological traits of Viola aodorata L. species, a factorial experiment was defined based on randomized complete block design with three replications. After planting the seeds in pots, experimental treatments included foliar application of salicylic acid at three levels (0, 0.75 and 1.5 mg / L) as well as nano iron chelate at two levels (0 and 1 g / L) was applied at seedling stage. According to the results, the highest amounts of carotenoid, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b as well as the total chlorophyll, protein and catalase were observed in specimen treated with 1.5 mg / L salicylic acid. Moreover, the highest amounts of sodium, copper, mucilage and fresh plant weight were detected in specimen treated with 1g / L iron nano chelate. The results also demonstrated that the highest amount of carbohydrate was found  in specimen treated with 1.5 mg / L salicylic acid and 1 g / L nano-iron chelate. In this investigation, the foliar application of salicylic acid (1.5 mg / L) and iron nano chelate (1 g / L) led to a 12 and 19 percent increase in the plant height compared to the untreated sample, respectively. Therefore, treatment with salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate could be recommended to increase the growth and medicinal properties of this plant species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Evaluation of morph-physiological and biochemical responses of marshmallow (Althaea afficinalis L.) to foliar application of iron and zinc under saline condition
Tahereh Mahdavi Marj Hassanali Naghdi Badi Hosein Zeinali Ali Mehrafarin

10.30495/ejmp.2021.682562

To investigate the effect of zinc and iron foliar application on the morph-physiological and biochemical traits of marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) under salinity, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications i More

To investigate the effect of zinc and iron foliar application on the morph-physiological and biochemical traits of marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) under salinity, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Esfahan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran. The factors included NaCl at 3 levels of 0, 4 and 8 dS/m, zinc sulfate at 3 levels of 0, 1.5 and 3 ppm and iron sulfate at 3 levels of 0, 1.5 and 3 ppm. The sodium and potassium content was measured using a flame photometer. The iron and zinc content was measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The mucilage was dried to determine its weight and total phenol was measured using a spectrophotometer. With increasing salinity, the amount of potassium, zinc and iron significantly (P ≤0.01) decreased but the sodium content increased. With increasing the zinc concentration in saline and control conditions, the potassium amount significantly (P ≤0.01) increased. Foliar application of zinc and iron significantly (P ≤0.01) increased the zinc and iron amount in the leaves. Although flowers fresh weight was reduced under saline condition compared to non-stress conditions, the zinc and iron spraying mitigated the effects of stress. Also, mucilage content was increased by 49 and 20% under 8 and 4 dS/m salinity, respectively, in comparison with non-stress conditions. The iron and zinc spraying significantly (P ≤0.01)increased the amount of mucilage. With increasing salinity, the phenol content significantly (P ≤0.01) increased and the highest content of phenol (65.2 mg / ml) was observed in the salinity of 8 dS/m3 + 3ppm of iron sulfate + 0 ppm of zinc sulfate. Generally, spraying of iron and zinc sulfate in saline conditions not only improved the nutritional status of marshmallow, but also increased the flowers yield and mucilage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Evaluation of physiologicaland phytochemical traits in four different species of Alcea spp. collected from central region of Iran
Bita Sharifi Kramatollah Saeidi Behrouz Shiran Ehsan Shahbazi Zahra Lorigooini Mahshid Rahimifard

10.30495/ejmp.2023.1975643.1712

In view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of A More

In view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of Alcea collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Lorestan, and Markazi provinces. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design in the Research Farm of Shahrekord University in summer 2018. Herbarium specimen were prepared and transferred to the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, and ultimately four different species of A. rufecense, A. schiraziana, A. lavateriflora, and A. rechingeri were identified. Physiological traits including percentage of extract and mucilage of flowers and roots were measured along with phytochemical traits, namely total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of flowers using spectrophotometry. The results of analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between species and ecotypes (P≤0.01). Results of mean comparisons showed the highest percentage of extract, mucilage, total phenolics, and flavonoids contents were recorded in flowers of A. rufecense species. Also, tthe highest root mucilage and total anthocyanins contents and also the lowest IC50 of the flowers were recorded in A. lavateriflora species. In addition, the highest percentage of flower extract, root mucilage, flower mucilage, and total flavonoid content were observed in Sch6, Rech3, Ruf1, Sch4, respectively. Also, the highest total phenol and anthocyanin content and the lowest IC50 of flowers were observed in Lav4. Findings suggest that physiological and phytochemical studies can be used along with morphological studies for more accurate identification of ecotypes and species. It was also found that this plant is a very rich and affordable source of mucilage and antioxidant compounds, and by choosing the suitable species and ecotype, the highest number of these compounds can be achieved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Increase the survival of Lactobacillus ramnosus LGG and improved physicochemical, reological and sensory properties of fermented milk using Roman nettle mucilage compared with Inulin
Sara Amiri Samani Maryam Jafari Fatemeh Nejati

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of Roman nettle seed mucilage in the growth and survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) as well as changes in different physicochemical, reological and sensory properties of fermented milk comp More

The aim of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of Roman nettle seed mucilage in the growth and survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) as well as changes in different physicochemical, reological and sensory properties of fermented milk compared with inulin (commercial prebiotic) during the storage time. For this purpose, values of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% (w/w) of nettle seed mucilage and 0.5 and 1% (w/w) inulin has been added to the recombined milk and after inoculation of bacteria, changes in acidity, syneresis, viscosity, the number of probiotic bacteria and sensory properties were studied during 21 days. The results showed that the addition of mucilage to fermented milk improved the growth and survival of L. rhamnosus and subsequently increase the acidity of the samples. Furthermore, the addition of mucilage compared with inulin, led to reduction in syneresis of the samples and higher counts of probiotics during storage. Finally, according to physico-chemical, microbiological and organoleptic results, samples containing 0.1% (w/w) of mucilage were considered as the best sample in this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The effect of chia seed mucilage containing different concentrations of aqueous olive leaf extract on the shelf life of chicken fillets in the refrigerator
Fereshteh Akhavan Mahdi Sharifi Soltani Shahin Zomorodi sara jafarian Asghar Khosrowshahi asl

10.30495/jfm.2022.682749

Enzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this stu More

Enzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this study, the effect of chia seed mucilage coating containing 0, 15 and 30 percent aqueous extracts of olive leaves on quality of chicken fillets was investigated at the refrigerator (4°C) during 12 days of storage. During storage at intervals of 1, 4, 8 and 12 days, microbial counts (Lactic acid bacteria, aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic and coliforms) and volatile nitrogen bases, pH and sensory evaluation of treatments were determined. The results showed that during storage, the count of aerobic mesophilic and psychotropic bacteria, coliforms and lactic acid bacteria and the volatile nitrogen bases and pH in chicken fillet increased, which was less in samples coated with chia seed mucilage containing olive leaf extract than the other treatments (p<0.01). According to the results of sensory evaluation, on the 4th day of storage, no significant difference in overall acceptability was observed between the samples (P>0.05). However, on the 8th day of storage, the control and sample coated by chia seed mucilage did not obtain the required overall acceptability score. According to the results obtained of this study, using the mucilage coating of chia seeds containing 30 percent of aqueous olive leaf extract, it is possible to increase the shelf life of chicken fillets at 4 °C for 8 days. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The antimicrobial effect of basil seed mucilage-ZnO nanocomposite coating on the quality of cheddar cheese during ripening
Sahar Kheirkhah Foghara sara jafarian Shahin Zomorodi Leila Roozbeh Asghar Khosrowshahi asl

Cheddar cheese is a hard type of cheese. It is coated traditionally by a special wax. Commercial coating materials which are used for coating are non-edible as a result they are undesirable due to environmental pollution and allergies caused in some consumers. Today, bi More

Cheddar cheese is a hard type of cheese. It is coated traditionally by a special wax. Commercial coating materials which are used for coating are non-edible as a result they are undesirable due to environmental pollution and allergies caused in some consumers. Today, biodegradable films are receiving more attention. In this study, the effect of edible coating of basil seed mucilage containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) in three levels of zero, 0.25 and 0.5% on the quality properties of cheddar cheese was investigated during ripening for 90 days. The results of experiments showed that at the end of ripening, the highest amount of salt and fat and the lowest amount of moisture were related to the sample with mucilage coating containing 0.5% of ZnO-NP. Also, during ripening, in all samples the number of non-starter lactic acid bacteria increased, but the number of starter bacteria increased first and then decreased (p < 0.01). Also, in all treatments, the total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas, mold and yeast increased significantly during storage, which was the lowest in samples with coating containing ZnO-NP (p < 0.01). In addition, ZnO-NP coatings prevented mold growth on the surface of cheddar cheese samples. According to the results obtained of this study, basil seed mucilage containing 0.5% ZnO-NP can be used as a coating in cheddar cheese without any adverse effect on the flavor of cheese. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - بررسی اثر موسیلاژ دانه گزنه رومی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی، رئولوژیکی و حسی کیک اسفنجی
سپیده فولادگر مریم جعفری سید محمد صحافی

مقدمه و هدف: گزنه رومی با نام علمی Urticapilulifera از تیره Urticaceae، گیاه چند ساله علفی است که ارزش غذایی و دارویی زیادی داشته و مدت‌های مدیدی است که از اندام‌های مختلف آن برای درمان امراض استفاده می‌شود. دانه این گیاه سرشاراز موسیلاژ بو More

مقدمه و هدف: گزنه رومی با نام علمی Urticapilulifera از تیره Urticaceae، گیاه چند ساله علفی است که ارزش غذایی و دارویی زیادی داشته و مدت‌های مدیدی است که از اندام‌های مختلف آن برای درمان امراض استفاده می‌شود. دانه این گیاه سرشاراز موسیلاژ بوده و در این تحقیق تأثیر موسیلاژ گزنه بر خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی و بافتی کیک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است.  روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه به بررسی تاثیر درصدهای مختلف این هیدروکلوئید بومی (صفر، 1/0، 2/0، 3/0، 4/0 و 5/0 درصد) بر ویژگیهای کیفی، بافتی و حسی نمونه‌های کیک در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی پرداخته شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین دانسیته ظاهری مربوط به نمونه شاهد (صفر درصد) بوده و استفاده از موسیلاژ دانه گزنه منجر به کاهش این ویژگی در نمونه‌های کیک شد. افزودن موسیلاژ تا 3/0 درصد باعث کاهش سفتی پوست و مغز کیک در روز اول شده و در پایان دوره نگهداری( روز 30) همه نمونه‌های حاوی موسیلاژ نرمی بیشتری نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. در پایان دوره نگهداری بیشترین مقبولیت حسی مربوط به نمونه حاوی 2/0 درصد موسیلاژ و کمترین مقبولیت مربوط به نمونه شاهد بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: استفاده از موسیلاژ گزنه در محصولات نانوایی، به خصوص کیک اسفنجی، می‌تواند خواص بافتی را بهبود داده و عمر ماندگاری این محصولات را افزایش و علائم بیاتی را کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Changes in some physiological traits and mucilage yield of sour tea (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) ‎under foliar application of magnesium and iron oxide nanoparticles
Payam Moaveni Hasti Kiapour Behzad Sani faizeh rajabzadeh Hamid Mozafari

10.30495/ijpp.2020.1899636.1225

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Open Access Article

21 - The effect of drought stress, chimical fertilizer and biofertilizer on yield and essence content of borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Mohammad Mahdi Mirzaei Sadegh Ghorbani Arash Roozbahani Afshin Ghaderi

Medicinal plants are of great importance in providing community health. In order to investigate effect of drought stress and bio fertilizer on yield and essential oil content of borage a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicat More

Medicinal plants are of great importance in providing community health. In order to investigate effect of drought stress and bio fertilizer on yield and essential oil content of borage a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was done at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University of Roudehen in 2014. Treatments were the main plot was drought in four levels (control, stress at vegetative stage, stress at flowering stage, and stress at vegetative+ flowering stage) and the sub plot consisted of three levels of fertilizer treatments (100% chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer, 25% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer). Results showed a significant effect of drought stress on mucilage percentage and flower yield but the effect of drought stress on essence yield was not significant. The highest mucilage percentage in the stress at Vegetative +flowering stage treatment with an average of 6.35% was obtained. The highest and least flower yield in the control and stress at Vegetative +flowering stage treatments, (with an average of 450 and 364 kg.ha-1) was obtained. Effect of fertilizer treatments on essence yield and flower yield was significant and the percentage of mucilage was not significant. Interactions between drought stress and fertilizer treatments on essence yield, flower yield was significant and 50% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer was best treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The effect of water deficit stress and manure on quantitative and qualitative yield and some characteristics of physiological (Plantago Ovata Forssk.)
B. Afsharmanesh Gh. Afsharmanesh M. A. Vakili Shahrbabaki

In order to study effect of water deficit stress and manure onon quantitative and qualitative yield and some characteristics of physiologicalof plantago ovate a pot experiment was performed at the greenhouse of Jiroft Islamic Azad University, Iran, in 2009. For this pur More

In order to study effect of water deficit stress and manure onon quantitative and qualitative yield and some characteristics of physiologicalof plantago ovate a pot experiment was performed at the greenhouse of Jiroft Islamic Azad University, Iran, in 2009. For this purpose split plot design based on complete randomized block with 3 replication was used. Irrigation treatments consist of 3 level: 75%FC (mild stress), 50%FC (Medium stress) and 25%FC (Sever Stress) were main factors and manure levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ton/ha) were selected as sub factors. The results showed effect of water deficit stress and manure and also interaction effect between two factor on seed yield were significant (P<5% and p<1%). Highest seed yield (232.3 kg/ha) obtained from mild stress with using 20 ton/ha manure. This two factor had no significant on mucilage. With increasing water deficit stress RWC was decreased. The maximum RWC obtained by using 40 ton/ha. Cell membrane stability was decreased under sever stress. Thus in Jiroft it's necessary for reach high yield in plantago ovata 20 t/ha manure. Manuscript profile

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