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Open Access Article
1 - Physicochemical Changes of Impacted Tomatoes with Pendulum Mechanical Forces
Sh. Jahanfar H. Fatemian E. Hosseini GH. Asadi F. Darvish -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparing the effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma and jet plasma for healing of tendon tissue
مریم Amini مهدی momeni علیرضا JahandidehTendon injury is a common problem and is increased in last decade. The healing of this tissue is weak because the weak blood circulation. Using of new technology such as cold plasma is necessary. The cold plasma is divided according to working gas and set up. The MoreTendon injury is a common problem and is increased in last decade. The healing of this tissue is weak because the weak blood circulation. Using of new technology such as cold plasma is necessary. The cold plasma is divided according to working gas and set up. The plasma jet and DBD are the two main plasma set up that play and important role in healing. Some factors such as voltage and electrode type is important in efficacy of the plasma systems. For achieving the optimum condition for healing, the voltage of plasma jet and DBD is adjusted to 5, 10 and 15 Kv and cu, steel and aluminum electrode were used. Then the density and temperature, voltage, current and OES of the plasmas were measured and the best condition were selected for tendon treatment. The results show that the treatment process is the same in the both plasmas but the amount of healing is different. Comparing the results show that DBD plasma at 15 kV and using CU electrode is the best treatment for tendon healing. OES analysis shows that the new peak of O and N is observed in this treatment which is not seen in the others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Buddhism and the Problem of Abortion
Alireza ShojaiOver two thousand years ago, Buddhist embryology made it very clear that a separate, independent human life begins at the moment of conception. In contrast to the situation in western countries, there has been relatively little serious discussion of abortion as a religi MoreOver two thousand years ago, Buddhist embryology made it very clear that a separate, independent human life begins at the moment of conception. In contrast to the situation in western countries, there has been relatively little serious discussion of abortion as a religious and ethical issue in Buddhist countries. Leaders of the Buddhist sangha have said very little indeed on the issue. The Buddhist teachings have made it clear that unskillful acts, like abortion, always have negative consequences for the agent. As we have seen, Buddhists understand the fetus to be a human being; therefore, abortion obviously should be covered under the first precept, namely “to abstain from taking life”. But some contemporary Buddhist thinkers and scholars of Buddhism in the West and a much smaller number in the East are beginning to address bioethical issues according to modern embryological research. They argue that although all abortions are condemned by Buddhists as the taking of human life, as the pregnancy progresses, there is some controversy about whether or not, from the Buddhist Point of view, a late term abortion is a more unskillful act than one performed early on in the pregnancy. Finally, Buddhists, unlike feminists, understand the fetus to be a person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Prediction of Methyl Salicylate Effects on Pomegranate Fruit Quality and Chilling Injuries using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and Artificial Neural Network
M. Sayyari F. Salehi D. Valero -
Open Access Article
5 - The Impact of Injured Person's Contribution to the Damage on International Responsibility of State for Environmental Damages
Seyyed Ghasem Zamani Vahid BazzarAccording to international responsibility law, the injured person's contribution to the injury will reduce the amount of reparation. International environmental law considered the injured person's contribution as one of the precluding of reparation for environmental lia MoreAccording to international responsibility law, the injured person's contribution to the injury will reduce the amount of reparation. International environmental law considered the injured person's contribution as one of the precluding of reparation for environmental liability, in addition to it considered as a basis for reducing the amount of reparation. The injured person's fault affects the determination of all environmental damages, including the cost of preventive measures. After the damage has been incurred also the injured person should try to reduce the amount of damage and if it is able to prevent and refuse to do so, contribution to the damage will be effective on Responsibility. When the injured person acts in spite of the assumption of risk, this principle can be applied. In addition to considering the injured person's contribution to the injury and conditions of implementation of that for environmental damages, this article tries to investigate the related issues of this principle in international environmental law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Comparison between Resting Levels of Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and Some Portions in the Immune System of Athletes and Non-Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury
Reza Shafiee soork Mohammad MashahdiThe purpose of the present study is to compare resting levels of Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and some portions in the immune system of athletes and non-athletes with spinal cord injury. Convenience sampling was used in this study and accordingly 10 non-a MoreThe purpose of the present study is to compare resting levels of Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and some portions in the immune system of athletes and non-athletes with spinal cord injury. Convenience sampling was used in this study and accordingly 10 non-athletes and 10 athletes from different fields were chosen. For testing the immune system, the number of white blood cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils), and for testing inflammatory indexes, resting levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in the blood serum sample were measured. For measurement of blood parameters, ELSA method and the special kit were used. Descriptive statistics was used for data explanation/description and inferential statistics was used to explore the research results. Independent t-test was applied for the comparison between the research variables related to two athletic and non-athletic groups. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes in Interleukin-6 (p=0.859), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (p=0.539), and the number of white blood cells (p=0.942). It seems that exercising is not considered as a threat for the immune system of those who have spinal cord injury although more research is needed to explore the effect of sport on the immune system of such patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effect of Group Logotherapy on hopeness in spinal cord injury patients
sadegh baran oladi Noorallah sheykhpoor Seyed Mansour mortezavi Ali sabahiThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of group logotherapy on hopefulness in spinal cord injury patients. This study was a Quasi- xperimental research with pre-post test experimental design. The population of this research consisted of all spinal co MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of group logotherapy on hopefulness in spinal cord injury patients. This study was a Quasi- xperimental research with pre-post test experimental design. The population of this research consisted of all spinal cord injury patients that injury in Bam earthquake. The statistical population of this study was all patients with spinal cord injuries due to Bam earthquake. The sample was 32 people with spinal cord injury who were randomly selected and divided into two expremantal and control groups (16 in control and 16 in expremental group). Participants were evaluated by Miller and Powers (1988) Inventory. Logotherapy duration was 8 weeks in the expremental group. The control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings show that there are significant differences between the groups and experimental group average is more. Therefore, it can be concluded that logotherapy in increasing the hopeness in spinal cord injury is effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in fourth grade male students
akram pakzadmoghadam ghasem askari zadeh masoud bagheriThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistica MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population included all fourth grade elementary school boys in Kerman in 1396-97. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and three schools were randomly selected from among the boys' primary schools in Kerman. Then sampling was done. Forty-seven students with high anxiety scores were selected based on the Anxiety Inventory (Spence, 1998). Finally, after matching based on anxiety scores, 30 students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. Drawing art therapy was performed on the students of the experimental group during 12 sessions of 90 minutes, two days a week. Students in the control group did not receive any training during this period. At the end of the intervention, anxiety inventory were performed on the students of the two groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that art therapy based Drawing reduced general anxiety disorder and fear of physical harm in primary school students (p <0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The qualitative study of transmitted shame and guilt feeling from parents in male adolescents with history of Self- injury
Ali Gharadaghi Iraj Hamrang salaam rahimiThis study was conducted with the aim of knowing the views of Self-injury adolescents about the feelings of guilt and shame transmitted from their parents to make them aware of the nature of this subject. This study was a qualitative one and statistical population was w MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of knowing the views of Self-injury adolescents about the feelings of guilt and shame transmitted from their parents to make them aware of the nature of this subject. This study was a qualitative one and statistical population was whole high schools of Baneh' city that selected three schools by cluster random sampling method. After screening, 7 male teenage students with self-harming behavior were interviewed.The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews and data were analyzed by inductive qualitative content analysis method. The validity of this study was rooted in four pillars: "Credibility, Transmissibility, Confidentiality and Confidence." The six of intrinsic were extracted and in the three main categories, including the type of guilty and shameful feelings, the sources of transferring feelings of guilt and shame and the consequences of the transfer of feeling guilty and shame were categorized. The Kind of thoughts (expectations) and negative behaviors of parents played a key role in the formation of negative emotions such as guilt and shame of adolescents and their tendency towards Self-mutilation behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of eight weeks of increasing training with marjoram supplementation on muscle inflammatory indices in healthy rats
samad aminifar mohammad narimanirad hamid moeinBackground and Aims: Muscle inflammation or myositis is a general description of chronic and progressive inflammation involving muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of increased training with marjoram supplementation on muscle infl MoreBackground and Aims: Muscle inflammation or myositis is a general description of chronic and progressive inflammation involving muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of increased training with marjoram supplementation on muscle inflammatory indices in healthy rats. Methods: In this study, 27 rats of about two months (200-250 g) were randomly divided into three groups: control, endurance training and endurance training + marjoram. They got rat were kept in groups of 9 in conditions of free access to water and food. The treadmill endurance training program was performed for eight weeks, five days a week, without slope, and for the first to third week of each session for 40 minutes, and in the eighth week for 60 minutes. Marjoram supplement was given to the rat in the supplement group using a mixture of water. Findings were analyzed spss at the significance level (p = 0.05). Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in the amount of TNFα, IL-6, CK. The results of Tukey post hoc test showed that the rate of inflammatory markers after exercise without supplementation increased significantly, which was significantly lower in the endurance + marjoram group than the control group. Also, the results showed that there was a difference between the endurance and endurance training groups with marjoram and the control group. Conclusion: Increased endurance training with marjoram consumption probably increases the total oxidative capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Study of the effect of psychological coping skills on the stress and sport injury relationship
Maryam hemmati S. Mohammad kazem VaezMousavi Farshad GhazalianObjective: Sport injury is doubtlessly one of the major events in the athletes’ life, which has different unwilling outcomes for athlete and society. Athletes are dealing with acute and chronic stressors in all their sport life span. The study of the relationship MoreObjective: Sport injury is doubtlessly one of the major events in the athletes’ life, which has different unwilling outcomes for athlete and society. Athletes are dealing with acute and chronic stressors in all their sport life span. The study of the relationship between stress and sport injury and its various aspects seems to be of interest in many studies. Also, among many extrinsic and intrinsic factors, the effect of intrinsic psychological factors on incidence of sport injury has been discussed in some studies. It has been said that some psychological factors show their direct or undirect effect on sport injury vulnerability via stress response in athletes. One of the important psychological elements of stress- sport injury model of Andersen & Williams (1988) is coping resources. It is assumed that coping has an effective role on stress/ injury bond in athletes. Two primary coping styles are approach coping and avoidance coping. Also, four styles of coping are identified that frequently appear in athletes responding to stress. These coping styles are described as problem-focused coping (problem-oriented strategies directed to the environment and self), emotion-focused coping (managing emotional responses to stress and changing the meaning of situations), appraisal-focused coping (appraising or reappraising stressful situations using reframing of situations or logical analysis), and avoidance-focused coping (behavioral and psychological efforts to disengage from the demanding situation).The value of studying an athlete’s coping style improves the ability to predict an athlete’s use of coping strategies in response to stressful events, and to predict coping strategies in response to events of similar stressors in the future. According to documents, this study was done to investigate the effect of psychological coping skills such as “Coping with adversity”, “Coachability”, “peaking under pressure”, “Goal setting/Mental preparation”, “Concentration”, “Freedom from worry”, and “Confidence and achievement motivation” on the relationship between stress and sport injury.Methodology: Based on a convenience sampling, a total of 341 male and female injured athletes of varied sport majors and with a mean age of 26.35 participated in this descriptive correlational study. All the sample members had no sport activity for at least one day because of sport injury. The research design was retrospective, so to do this, the “Life Events Survey for Collegiate Athletes” was used to assess stress level, and the “Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28” was used to evaluate coping strategies. Sport injury is defined as any type of injury or physical condition that results from sport participation, which requires medical attention, and prevents participation in sport activities for a period of time. To assess the sport injury characteristics in participants a designed questionnaire was used. The effect of coping skills on life stress/ sport injury relationship was investigated using logistic regression modeling.Results: Total Coping skill and its two subscales of “Coping with adversity” and “Coachability” did not show any significant effect on stress and injury relationship, but five subscales of “peaking under pressure”, “Goal setting/Mental preparation”, “Concentration”, “Freedom from worry”, and “Confidence and achievement motivation” had a significant moderating effect on this relationship.Conclusion: It seems that teaching and using appropriate coping methods to promote stress confrontation strategies can lead to better stress management and reduction of sports injuries in athletes. Being able to actively and effectively cope, helps athletes to react to stressors in different conditions. Coaches also need to be aware of useful effects of different state and trait psychological variables to educate athletes, resulting in better performance and decreasing sport injury vulnerability. Since each stressor is proven to be independent of each other, some stressors appear to be more predictive of coping style than others. Being able to give athletes a tool kit of useful coping styles like ability to lessen the worry, to concentrate, to have confidence, being motivated, to perform under pressure, and goal setting can help the athletes to put them into practice immediately and respond to specific stressful situation, and return to optimum performance. In total, applied results of psychological surveys will effectively reduce the individual and social side effects of sport injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effects of Chemical Weed Control on Forage Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Fatemeh Soltanpor Kazaee Mohammad Hasan Hadizadeh Leila Alimoradi Seyed Hossein TorabiThis study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of some previous or recently registered herbicides for chemical weed control on forage sorghum in Mashhad (Iran) during 2010. The experiment was conducted in RCBD with four replications. Treatments were consisted of Meso MoreThis study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of some previous or recently registered herbicides for chemical weed control on forage sorghum in Mashhad (Iran) during 2010. The experiment was conducted in RCBD with four replications. Treatments were consisted of Mesotrion+S-Metolacholor+Terbuthlazine (Lumax 3 and 4 l ha-1 post and pre-emergence), Cinosulfuron (Setoff 250 and 375 g ha-1, pre-emergence), Oxadiagyl (Topstar 3 and 4 l ha-1, pre-emergence), Trifluralin (Treflan 1 l ha-1), Trifluralin+Atrazin (2 l ha-1+1.5 Kg ha-1), 2,4-D+Banvel+Atrazine (Dialant 1 l ha-1+Atrazine 1kg ha-1), along with weed free and weed infested controls. The results showed that Lumax, Treflan, Treflan+Atrazine and Atrazine+Dialan with 85-95 percent reduction were the most successful in weed suppression while Setoff and Topstar with35% reduction were relatively unsuccessful. Also, the mention treatments were the most efficient to saving forage yield of sorghum while it was decreased in post emergence application of Setoff 375 gr ha-1 and Lumax 4 l ha-1. Application of Lumax caused a temporary injury symptoms early season in sorghum.The most important weeds were Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, Convolvulus arvensis and Solanum nigrum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Estimation of economic injury level (EIL) of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hb. (Lep., Noctuidae) on cotton
J. Alavi M. GholizadehEconomic Injury Level (EIL) of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hb. was evaluated on Sahel variety in Gorgan, Iran during 1999-2000. Infestation levels of 0, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 neonate larvae per 100 reproductive organs were studied in three generations of the pest by MoreEconomic Injury Level (EIL) of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hb. was evaluated on Sahel variety in Gorgan, Iran during 1999-2000. Infestation levels of 0, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 neonate larvae per 100 reproductive organs were studied in three generations of the pest by releasing them on cotton plants in the field. Statistically significant differences between treatments were observed in all generations. In the first generation, infestation level of 8%, in the second and third gernerations, infestation levels of 4, 6 and 8% caused significant reduction in yield (p≤0.05). Reduction yields for infestation level of 8% in the first-generation was 13.94%, in the second generation the infestation levels of 4, 6 and 8% were 9.8, 16.77 and 22% respectively, and in the same infestation levels in the third generation were 8.25, 14.85 and 19.17%. Linear regression between the cotton yield and pest density was obtained in different generations. Considering the total cost of chemical control operations and cost of yield, the economic injury level of the pest for the first, second and third generations were 1.19, 0.66 and 0.79 neonate larvae per 100 reproductive organs respectively, which is equal to 22.25, 15.77 and 21.33 neonate larvae per 100 cotton plants, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Mediating role in the relationship between perceived risk of emotional safety psychological vulnerability in adolescents with social anxiety disorder
Maryam Darzi Azadboni Mohammad Kazem Fakhri Bahram MirzaianThe purpose of this study was to model the mediating role of emotional immunity in the relationship between risk perception and psychological vulnerability in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. The method of this research was correlation research based on structu MoreThe purpose of this study was to model the mediating role of emotional immunity in the relationship between risk perception and psychological vulnerability in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. The method of this research was correlation research based on structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study was all first grade students in the second high school of Sari in the academic year of 1398-98. 260 individuals were selected using stage sampling method and responded to Randomo & Aborson Risk Perception Questionnaire (2004), Social Anxiety Inventory (SPI), Psychological Injury Questionnaire (SCL-25) and Bruner et al. (2008) Emotional Safety Scale. They gave. The statistical method of the research was structural regression equations according to Spss24 and Amos23 software. Results showed that the research model was fit and 66% of the variable of psychological vulnerability could be explained by risk perception and emotional safety. There was also a significant negative correlation between the components of risk perception and emotional safety with psychological vulnerability. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of risk perception as well as the mediating role of emotional immunity on adolescents' psychological vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy with emotion regulation therapy on death anxiety and coping styles of people with a history of self-harm
Kimia Poushirazi Nazanin Ilghami azar Arezo Shahhoseini Elham KeshavarziPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy with emotion regulation therapy on death anxiety and coping styles of people with a history of self-harm. Methods: The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-pos MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy with emotion regulation therapy on death anxiety and coping styles of people with a history of self-harm. Methods: The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all people with a history of self-injury in Qom city in 1401 who referred to Andisheh Sabz treatment center. 60 patients were selected by available sampling method and assigned to three equal groups of 20 people by randomization (lottery). The instrument of data collection was Cult Lester's death anxiety questionnaire, the questionnaire of coping styles with stressful situations. For data analysis, SPSS version 25 software was used with descriptive statistics methods, statistical assumptions and analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Benferroni test. Results: The results showed that death anxiety and its dimensions improved significantly in the experimental groups compared to the control group, and this improvement remained stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Also, the results showed that the coping styles in the experimental groups have significant differences compared to the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Determination of the economic injury level of rhinoceros beetles Oryctes spp. in date palm plantation of Khuzestan province
Masoud Latifian noushin Zandi SohaniThe rhinoceros beetles Oryctes elegans Prell and Oryctes agamemnon Burmeister are palms pests. This study was conducted to determine the economic injury level (EIL) of these pests. The statistical design was randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 3 replications MoreThe rhinoceros beetles Oryctes elegans Prell and Oryctes agamemnon Burmeister are palms pests. This study was conducted to determine the economic injury level (EIL) of these pests. The statistical design was randomized complete block with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Four concentrations including 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/liter DOR 200 SL (Imidacloprid) were injected in palm trunks. Sampling was performed monthly. The date palm yields were recorded at harvest. The relationship between injury and yield reduction was used to estimate damage. The (EIL) was calculated by using Norton method. The regression relation was calculated between the damage and the yield loss rate. The costs of cultural control were calculated based on three different height of trees. Product prices were also subdivided by the prices of first, second and third-degree dates to determine the different economic levels loss for each product quality. Based on the results, the lowest EIL was calculated for the combination of cultural for shorter date palms and chemical control and the first-degree dates that it was 1.5 holes at the base of the petiole per tree. Due to the higher cost of biological control, EIL was higher for the combination of biological and cultural control. This value was 0.5 holes per second in short palm trees. The EIL increased with increasing palm height as well as decreasing crop prices. The highest EIL was calculated for the combination of biological and cultural controls at dates grade 2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Relationship between the Use of Social Networks and the Formation of Self-Care Caused by Corona Virus among Adolescents in Tehran City
behruz Zeinali Saeed Sanaei Ali Jafari The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of social networks in the formation of self-care caused by the corona virus among adolescents. In terms of purpose, the present study is of applied type and in terms of survey data collection More The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of social networks in the formation of self-care caused by the corona virus among adolescents. In terms of purpose, the present study is of applied type and in terms of survey data collection method. The statistical population of this study is all adolescents aged 11 to 16 years in Tehran city in 2020. Due to be unlimited of the number of statistical population in this study, using Morgan table, the sample size was 384. Samples were selected using multistage cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through face validity and its reliability was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS software was used for data analysis and regression and independent t-test were used to analyze the hypotheses. Research findings show that social networks have a significant negative effect on self-care formation among adolescents aged 11 to 16 years in Tehran (With beta coefficient = - 0.456) Social networks also had a significant negative effect on self-care formation of social (With beta coefficient = - 0.411), psychological (With beta coefficient = - 0.406) and physical (With beta coefficient = - 0.352) injuries among adolescents. Also, the use of social networks was significantly higher among male adolescents than in female adolescents, and self-care among female adolescents was significantly higher than male adolescents. It can be concluded that by increasing the use of self-care social networks and its three dimensions (self-care of social, psychological and physical injuries), it is significantly reduced among adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Reasons of Forbidding Suicide and its Place in Iran's Criminal Law
Jafar Jafarzadeh Mahmoud Ari Ali Akbar Abulhosseini Mohammad Baqer Alitabar FirozjaeiSuicide is an act which is the subject of a crime and also can be the object of a crime (victim). In other words, if the victim of murder is innocent, he himself is a murderer. In fact, suicide is a kind of murder with the unity of the killer and the victim. From the Is MoreSuicide is an act which is the subject of a crime and also can be the object of a crime (victim). In other words, if the victim of murder is innocent, he himself is a murderer. In fact, suicide is a kind of murder with the unity of the killer and the victim. From the Islam's viewpoint the suicide is forbidden. Its application in book, tradition and consensus is fixed. In Iran's criminal law, suicide does not relate to the offense. Of course, recently, according to the penal code of computer crime, some forms of computer systems which lead to suicide can be regarded as a crime and are punishable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Protective effects of nettle (Urtica dioica) extract against acute kidney injury induced by gentamycin in the rat
mahdieh hajjavadi akram eidi سید پژمان MortazaviAminoglycosides are often used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and have a rapid bactericidal effect, are available at an affordable cost and have less incidence of resistance, making them a drug of choice for treatment of several life-threatening infections. MoreAminoglycosides are often used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and have a rapid bactericidal effect, are available at an affordable cost and have less incidence of resistance, making them a drug of choice for treatment of several life-threatening infections. However, the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides prevent their long term use. The use of herbal extracts in order to decrease injuries of injurious materials has long been considered. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the protective effects of nettle (Urtica dioica) extract against gentamicin induced kidney injuries in the rat. Forty five male Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups consisting of: 1-healthy control group, 2- negative control group that received tween 20 (extract solvent), 3- patient control group which received onlygentamicin at 100 mg/kg, experimental healthy groups 4-6 which received nettle extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and patient experimental groups 7-9 which received nettle extract along with gentamicin at 100 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment (28 days), blood samples were obtained, and the kidneys were removed for histopathologic investigations. The results showed that gentamicin alone induced renal tissue damage and significantly increased the serum levels of creatinine and urea (p<0.05). However, administration of nettle extract accompanied with gentamicin decreased these markers significantly (p<0.05). Also histologic results indicated improvement of renal tissue structures during treatment with nettle extract. It is concluded that nettle could ameliorate nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The role of vitamin A in preventing fetal injuries caused by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in the rat
Aref Delkhosh Masoud Delashoub Mansoor KhakpourLipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce adverse fetal development including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), embryonic resorption and preterm delivery which are all related to LPS-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to inves MoreLipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce adverse fetal development including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), embryonic resorption and preterm delivery which are all related to LPS-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of vitamin A against LPS induced fetal defects in the rat. In this study, 48 pregnant female rats were divided into 4 groups. On days 15 to 17 of pregnancy, 75 mg/kg of E. coli LPS was injected intraperitoneally in groups 1 and 2 the second and third groups received 100 mg/kg of vitamin A intramuscularly a week before injection of LPS. The fourth group was the control group and placebo was injected to simulate injection stress. On the 18th day, all rats were euthanized. The number of live and dead fetuses and resorption sites was counted. Live fetuses in each litter were weighed, crown-rump and tail lengths measured and skeletal development was evaluated. In addition, maternal liver, placenta, and fetal liver samples were excised for measurement of MDA and GSH contents. The results showed that administration of LPS significantly increased fetal mortality, decreased fetal weight and crown-rump and tail lengths of live fetuses and retarded skeletal ossification in caudal vertebrae, anterior and posterior phalanges and supraoccipital bone. Our study showed that co-treatment of vitamin A and LPS could decrease LPS induced defects and improve injuries indicating the preventive effects of vitamin A against LPS induced injuries during fetal development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of astaxanthin on testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride in adult male Wistar rats
Mahvash Hafez-Amini Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Fattah SotoodehnejadnematalahiThe protective role of astaxanthin on human health, including the prevention of cardiovascular disease, prevention of cell aging, refers to the very strong antioxidant properties of this substance. Cadmium is one of the pollutants in ecosystems. This heavy metal acts as MoreThe protective role of astaxanthin on human health, including the prevention of cardiovascular disease, prevention of cell aging, refers to the very strong antioxidant properties of this substance. Cadmium is one of the pollutants in ecosystems. This heavy metal acts as a toxin on the reproductive system and destroys the process of spermatogenesis in testicular tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on cadmium chloride induced testicular damage in adult male Wistar rats. In this study, 45 rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. The healthy control group did not receive any treatment. Control group, physiological serum, infertile control group, cadmium chloride (1 mg / kg body weight) by intraperitoneal injection, astaxanthin receiving groups (5, 10 and 20 mg / kg body weight) by gavage and groups They received cadmium chloride and astaxanthin (5, 10 and 20 mg / kg) at the same time. Test samples from testicular tissue homogenates were used to measure oxidative stress parameters. The parameters were analyzed by photometric method with ELISA reader and microplate reader. The results showed that astaxanthin (10 and 20 mg / kg body weight) increased the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT and astaxanthin (10 mg / kg body weight) decreased MDA. Thus, astaxanthin may act as an antioxidant in protecting the rat testis against oxidative stress induced by cadmium chloride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - An investigation on the reparative effects of boswellic acid on experimental spinal cord injury in a Wistar rat model
Navid Razmian Elham Hoveizi Hadi NaddafSpinal cord injuries (SCI) present significant challenges in terms of treatment, often resulting in long-term disabilities. Currently, effective therapies for these injuries are lacking, highlighting the need for innovative and efficacious treatment approaches. In recen MoreSpinal cord injuries (SCI) present significant challenges in terms of treatment, often resulting in long-term disabilities. Currently, effective therapies for these injuries are lacking, highlighting the need for innovative and efficacious treatment approaches. In recent years, natural products, including boswellic acid, have been investigated as potential therapeutic agents for various diseases. This study aimed to assess the effects of boswellic acid on spinal cord injury. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (SCI) and the boswellic acid group (BoA), each consisting of six rats. The SCI group did not receive any treatment for 56 days following spinal cord injury induction, while the BoA group received daily oral doses of 10 mg/kg boswellic acid for the same duration. Motor recovery was evaluated using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor test and spinal tissue analysis was conducted to evaluate the reparative effects of boswellic acid on the injured spinal cord. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in motor recovery in the boswellic acid-treated rats compared to the control group, as indicated by higher BBB scores (p<0.001). Histological analysis revealed notable enhancements in repair processes, including reduced lesion volume and increased myelination at the site of spinal cord injury in the BoA group compared to the SCI group (p<0.001). This study provides evidence of the reparative effects of boswellic acid on experimental spinal cord injury in the Wistar rat model, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of spinal cord trauma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of olive leaf alcoholic extract on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult male rats
mohammadreza nasirzade miralireza Nourazar leila Roshangar Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury. Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a commo More Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury. Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a common clinical problem. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds. They have better antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging. In this study 50 male rats were allocated randomly into 5 groups: control (intact animals), group-1(I/R 60min+olive leaf extract), group-2 (I/R 60min), group-3(I/R 120min+olive leaf extract)and group-4(I/R 120min).The animals received 100 mg/kg olive leaf extract in0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 28 days. Other animals received 0.5 ml normal saline by gavages. At the end of the treatment, the level of antioxidant enzymes including TAC, MDA, SOD and GPX were determined in renal tissue. Administration of olive leaf extract can significantly increase activity of TAC, GPX and SOD in group1and 3compared with group2and4. Also, MDA level in renal tissue of treated groups was significantly lower than ischemia-reperfusion groups (p<0.05). This study showed that olive leaf extract has protective effects against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) stigma on serum levels of functional liver markers and hepatic tissue injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
محمد Rahbani داریوش Mohajeri علی Rezaie عادل Rezaei MoghadamIn this study, protective effects of saffron against biochemical and histopathological changes of liver were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, including Group 1, healthy contr MoreIn this study, protective effects of saffron against biochemical and histopathological changes of liver were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, including Group 1, healthy control; Group 2 healthy rats treated with saffron extract; Group 3, diabetics and Group 4, diabetics treated with saffron extract. For induction of diabetes, single dose of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. From the beginning of experiment, the extract was injected daily at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. by intraperitoneal route for 8 weeks. Control groups received normal saline in similar manner. At the end of experiment, serum biomarkers of liver tissue injury and histological changes of hepatic tissues were evaluated. In diabetic rats, serum levels of functional liver markers were found to be significantly increased as compared to control group (p<0.05), while this markers in diabetic rats treated with saffron extract significantly decreased as compared to diabetic rats. Histopathological findings were in consistent with biochemical results. The results obtained showed that ethanolic extract of saffron has hepatoprotective activity against diabetic hepatopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effects of Green tea extract on liver histopathology and serum biomarkers of hepatic tissue injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
A.A Abolfathi علی Rezaie GH Mousavi M.R Valilou بهبود JafariThe aim of present study was to evaluate the liver injury as a complication of diabetes mellitus and to assess the hepatoprotective properties of Green tea extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly separated int MoreThe aim of present study was to evaluate the liver injury as a complication of diabetes mellitus and to assess the hepatoprotective properties of Green tea extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups, each containing 10 animals: Group 1, healthy control rats; Group 2, normal rats treated with Green tea extract (1.5%, w/v) was given in drinking water; Group 3, diabetic rats and Group 4, diabetic rats treated with Green tea extract (1.5%, w/v) in drinking water. The extract was injected in intraperitoneal route for a period of 8 weeks. Control groups received normal saline in similar manner. Diabetes was induced by single injection of STZ (75 mg/kg i.p.). At the end of experiment, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and bilirubin were measured. For histopathological evaluation, tissue specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and 5 micron thick sections with H&E stain were prepared using routine hitopathological techniques. In diabetic rats, serum levels of functional liver markers were found to be significantly increased in comparison with control group (p<0.05), while this markers in diabetic rats treated with Green tea extract significantly decreased as compared to diabetic rats. Histopathological findings were in consistent with biochemical results. The data obtained proved that Green tea extract has hepatoprotective activity against diabetic hepatopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Plant behaviors in response to cold stress
maryam karimi alavijeh abdolkarim zareiEnvironmental stresses are among the main factors limiting growth and reproduction of the plants. Cold stress is one of the most important environmental stresses which incurs serious losses to different plant products and is considered as a threat to sustainable plant p MoreEnvironmental stresses are among the main factors limiting growth and reproduction of the plants. Cold stress is one of the most important environmental stresses which incurs serious losses to different plant products and is considered as a threat to sustainable plant production. A set of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that occur during the autumn acclimates plant species to the low winter temperatures. Investigation of cold tolerance mechanisms at the cellular levels is a vital step in genetic manipulations for the purpose of improving plants’ resistance against cold. The occurrence of sudden low temperatures either in early autumns or late springs incurs various damages to plants. Cold acclimation during the autumn is necessary for plants to tolerate the low temperatures in winter. Although the overall adaptive process through which plants become tolerant to the low temperature is similar, this phenomenon varies slightly according to the plant species and climate condition. Moreover, when experiencing cold stress, different plant organs show various degrees of injuries, which can be minimized following proper agricultural practices through plant reinforcement. In fact, in time strengthening of the plant and avoiding any stress source can minimize the cold stress damages to the plant. An overview of the causes of cold stress injuries and plant response mechanisms can be helpful in reducing a part of low temperature detrimental effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women
Mona RezaeiBackground and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women. Material and method: The type of research work is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical MoreBackground and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women. Material and method: The type of research work is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consisted of basketbalist women who played in super league. After selecting the subjects and informing them of the objectives of the present study, 7 samples were selected in the experimental group and 7 in the control group. Before the yoga course, sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance tests were held between the two groups, then the test group underwent yoga exercises for 12 consecutive sessions of 2 sessions during the week. These exercises were not applied to the control group. At the end of 12 sessions, the sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance scales were taken again. Also, after a period of one month, the subjects were followed up again to evaluate the durability of the effectiveness of yoga. For data analysis, statistical methods at both descriptive and inferential levels and statistical tests appropriate to the data scale and SPSS statistical software and covariance test have been used. Result: According to the results of yoga exercises, it has a positive effect on reducing sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance. Conclusion: Also, the results obtained from the follow-up of the effects of yoga showed that this factor was still effective on sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - پتانسیل عصاره Aju Mbaise (AME) بر بهبود استرس اکسیداتیو و آسیب کبدی ناشی از دوتاستراید در موش صحرایی
رابرت اوروکو الیشا اوگو پل نیوجی-آنیالوو ایکنا اوبیورو چینومسو هارون اوبینا امباBackground & Aim: Aju Mbaise is a polyherbal extract with nutraceutical properties that helps to replenish the volume of blood lost during childbirth and improves breast milk secretion and the general wellbeing of the mother. This study evaluated the ameli MoreBackground & Aim: Aju Mbaise is a polyherbal extract with nutraceutical properties that helps to replenish the volume of blood lost during childbirth and improves breast milk secretion and the general wellbeing of the mother. This study evaluated the ameliorative potentials of Aju Mbaise extract (AME) on Dutasteride-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury in rats. Twenty-one rats were used to assess the acute toxicity of AME.Experimental: The study for the hepatoprotective effects of AME had five groups of rats, including normal control, Dutasteride only, AME only, Dutasteride + AME (500 mg/kg) and Dutasteride+ AME (1000 mg/kg).Results: The acute toxicity result showed that AME is relatively safe for consumption. Dutasteride caused significant elevation of liver marker enzymes, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly reduced catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels in the rats received only Dutasteride. In contrast, Dutasteride induced rats treated with AME showed a significant decline in the AST, ALT, ALP, MDA, and bilirubin and significantly increased SOD, GSH, GPx, total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels compared to Dutasteride induced untreated rats. The AME-treated rats showed normal liver histo-architecture, unlike the Dutasteride-induced untreated rats that showed mild to moderate vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytes.Recommended applications/industries: The findings show that AME ameliorates Dutasteride caused rats oxidative stress and hepatic injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - تنظیم ژنهای روده ای GLP-1 و GLUT2 تحت هیپوگلیسمی در موش های تغذیه شده با (Desplatsia subericarpa (Bocq
الاپسی اموتیووای اوواکپری-یوو اقال ایدو مکدونالدBackground & Aim:Indigenous people of West Africa use the whole-leaf of Desplatsia subericarpa (Bocq) in anti-diabetic soup delicacy. This study was designed to validate the anti-diabetic claims and delineating possible mechanisms. Experimental:RT-PCR method was use MoreBackground & Aim:Indigenous people of West Africa use the whole-leaf of Desplatsia subericarpa (Bocq) in anti-diabetic soup delicacy. This study was designed to validate the anti-diabetic claims and delineating possible mechanisms. Experimental:RT-PCR method was used to investigate regulation of intestinal glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and pancreatic insulin, L-type voltage-gated calcium channel genes. Insulin exocytosis was also monitored using ELISA method. The kidney sample was investigated for biomarkers of injury (kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-1-β (IL-1β)). Results: GLP-1 up-regulation, GLUT2 down-regulation and increased insulin exocytosis but not increased insulin gene expression was observed in animals after a 3-day culinary exposure to D. Subericarpa leaves. This mechanism may explain hypoglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in animals in this study. KIM-1 and IL-1-β genes were marked up regulated in normal animals exposed (14-day) to D. Subericarpa. Recommended applications/industries: D. Subericarpa whole leaf contains phytochemicals principles with anti-diabetic potency but may be nephrotoxic. Therefore, for clinical use, selective fractionation of active components from the toxic components is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - اثر عصاره متانولی برگ Momordica charantia بر نفروپاتی ناشی از آلوکسان از طریق تعدیل مسیرهای سیگنالینگ BCL2 / NF-kB در موش صحرایی
ساندی افوبه آدمولا اویابمی تمیدایو اوبوموال ادورابنرو آدداپو آبیدون آدوله مومو یاکوبو آلوفمی انتیبجو آدلو آدداپوBackground & Aim: Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms mediating the event. Natural products with antioxidant property may be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate renal damage fro MoreBackground & Aim: Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms mediating the event. Natural products with antioxidant property may be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate renal damage from diabetic nephropathy hence the renoprotective activity of methanolic leaf extract of Momordica charantia (MEMC) was assessed. Experimental: The effects of MEMC on alloxan-induced nephrotoxicity were examined where toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan to 50 rats divided into five groups of 10 rats each. MEMC was administered to two groups at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days; glibenclamide administered to another group of diabetic rats. While another group was left untreated, a group of normal rats received only distilled water. Nephroprotective effect of the extract was studied by assessing its effect on oxidative stress markers, antioxidant defence system, immunohistochemistry, histological and serum urea and creatinine analysis. Results: Alloxan administration altered renal biomarkers (increased serum urea and creatinine levels), increased renal H2O2 malondialdehyde levels, and decreased reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Histological studies showed glomerular degeneration and hypercellularity. However, administration of glibenclamide (4 mg/kg) and MEMC ameliorated the alloxan-induced nephrotoxicity. Immunohistochemical studies revealed lower expressions of BCL2 but greater expressions of NF-κB in the kidney of the toxicant non-treated rats compared with the control, glibenclamide treated and MEMC treated rats. Recommended applications/industries: MEMC showed renoprotective activity in alloxan-induced nephropathy mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This extract could be used in the treatment of acute kidney failure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Traditional remedy of local application of raw garlic on the metacarpal region of horse for reduction of tissue inflammation: extensive skin injury creation
Abolfazl Barzegar Bafrouei Moosa Javdani Zahra Nikousefat Jahangir Modaresi Jamshid KabiriA Kurdish 6 year-stallion referred to the Veterinary Clinic of ShahreKord University with complaint of enormous skin and subcutaneous tissue injuries and ulcer in dorsal and palmar side of both metacarpal regions. Based on the patient's history, walking of the stallion MoreA Kurdish 6 year-stallion referred to the Veterinary Clinic of ShahreKord University with complaint of enormous skin and subcutaneous tissue injuries and ulcer in dorsal and palmar side of both metacarpal regions. Based on the patient's history, walking of the stallion on the tarmac path immediately after shoeing caused severe swelling of metacarpal region and traditional remedy were performed by dressing crashed fresh garlic on the affected area for 3 days. Clinical examination and radiographic evaluation showed vast skin and subcutaneous wound and injury, tissue necrosis, massive granulation tissue formation and metacarpal bone involvement. In laboratory investigation of hemogram, severe leukocytosis along with mild left shift, toxic neutrophil and fibrinogen increase were observed. Wound management consisting of second intension of wound healing like as debridement of granulated and necrotic tissue and lastly, dressing the ulcers with local silver sulfadiazine, NSAID prescription and stall resting were ordered. Spite of many advantageous of fresh garlic as an herbal treatment, there were rarely documents of skin burn due to local application of raw garlic in human and the present study would be counted as the first report in horse after traditional remedy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گابا روی برخی از ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی گل بریده آنتوریوم تحت انبارداری با دماهای پائین
فریما مهجوری اصغر ابراهیم زاده محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم محمد علی اعظمی موالونگهداری گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم در دماهای زیر 15 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به صدمه سرمازدگی و کاهش کیفیت و کوتاهی عمر پس از برداشت آنها میگردد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گاماآمینوبوتیریکاسید (گابا) در غلظتهای صفر(شاهد)، یک و پنج میلیمولار بر روی طول عمر گلجا Moreنگهداری گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم در دماهای زیر 15 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به صدمه سرمازدگی و کاهش کیفیت و کوتاهی عمر پس از برداشت آنها میگردد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گاماآمینوبوتیریکاسید (گابا) در غلظتهای صفر(شاهد)، یک و پنج میلیمولار بر روی طول عمر گلجائی، قهوهای شدن اسپات، میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، مقدار پراکسید هیدروژن، مقدار پرولین و مواد جامد محلول در گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم‘Sirion’در طول 10 روز نگهداری در دماهای 10 و پنج درجه سانتیگراد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجائی گلها در غلظت یک میلیمولار از گابا و در دمای 10 درجه سانتیگراد حاصل شد. تیمار گابا تأثیری در کاهش قهوهای شدن اسپات نداشت. سطوح پراکسید هیدروژن در گلهای تیمار شده با گابا در مقایسه با گلهای شاهد کاهش یافت. شاخص پرولین در گلهای تیمار شده با گابا بالاتر از میزان آن در گلهای شاهد بود. بالاترین میزان مواد جامد محلول به گلهای تیمار شده با گابای پنج میلی مولار و دمای پنج درجه سانتیگراد اختصاص یافت. تیمار با گابای پنج میلی مولار سبب بالارفتن میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسیددیسموتاز شد. گلهای تیمار شده با گابای یک میلیمولار فعالیت بالای آنزیم کاتالاز را نشان دادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Humor skills training and reducing depression in patients with spinal cord injury
Ahmad Beh-Pajooh Maryam Jahangiri Kianoush ZahrakarThe effectiveness of humor skills training in reducing depression in people with spinal cord injury was examined. From two rehabilitation centers in Tehran, 24 clients (12 females and 12 males) with spinal cord injury, who scored higher than average on the Beck Depressi MoreThe effectiveness of humor skills training in reducing depression in people with spinal cord injury was examined. From two rehabilitation centers in Tehran, 24 clients (12 females and 12 males) with spinal cord injury, who scored higher than average on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck & Steer, 1987), were randomly assigned to an experimantal and a control group (12 persons in each group). In two months, only the experimental group received eight sessions of houmor skills training inspired by the McGhee’s 8-Step Humor Skills Training program (2002). The BDI was again administrated to both groups. Findings showed that depression in the experimental group was reduced as compared to the control group. Implications are discussed in terms of alleviating depression in patients with spinal cord injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of Copper Oxychloride and Volck® Mineral Oil on Blooming Time, Frost Resistance and Yield in Almond cv. “Mamaei”
R. Babadaei Samani M. Honarvar A.R. Javid -
Open Access Article
35 - The Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Carvacrol Administration on Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress in Male Rats
Alireza Mortazavi Hossain Mohammad Pourkargar Farimah Beheshti Gholamhasan Vaezi Mahmoud HosseiniCarvacrol is a natural monoterpene phenol which retains significant antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effect of carvacrol on oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury has not yet been reported. T MoreCarvacrol is a natural monoterpene phenol which retains significant antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effect of carvacrol on oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury has not yet been reported. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharides-induced renal oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in male rats. Male Wistar rats (weighing 200 to 250 g, n=7 each group) were divided into the following groups: 1) control, 2) LPS, 3) LPS+carvacrol 25 mg/kg, 4) LPS+carvacrol 50 mg/kg and 5) LPS+carvacrol 100 mg/kg. For inducing acute kidney injury, 1 mg/kg LPS was injected intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. Carvacrol was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior LPS injection. After preparation of renal homogenates, levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and oxidative stress indexes (malondialdehyde, total thiol, catalase and Superoxide dismutase activity) were detected by ELISA and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Our results showed that LPS injection increased malondialdehyde and IL-1β while, it reduced total thiol, catalase and SOD activity in the renal tissue. But, pretreatment with carvacrol not only decreased malondialdehyde and IL-1β levels but also increased total thiol, catalase and SOD activity. Simple regression analysis revealed that MDA was positively correlated with IL-1β level). However, there was a significant negative correlation between MDA level and total thiol, SOD and CAT activities. Our results showed that carvacrol protects the kidney by reducing IL-1β and preventing oxidative stress in the renal tissue.enal tissue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Comparison of the prevalence and mechanism of sports injuries among elite male basketball players
Mohammad Hasan Kordi Ashkezari Abuzar SaadatianBackground: Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The ai MoreBackground: Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The aim of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sport injuries.Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a retrospective method and utilized a questionnaire on basketball injuries as documented by Marcus et al. The study surveyed 82 players from the Premier League and Division I, belonging to the 1401 basketball season. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test (c2). Results: The results of the study showed that the frequency of injuries in the lower extremities (75%) was significantly higher than in the other parts of the body (p = 0.001, c2 = 94.46). In the lower limbs, knees and wrists had the highest injury rates (48.7%, and 46.2%, respectively) (p = 0.001, c2 = 41.49). Conversely, in the upper limb, shoulder had the highest injury rate (50%) though the difference was not significant (p = 0.26, c2 = 2.62). The mechanism of occurrence of damage was related to landing (44.2%), which was statistically significant (p = 0.001, c2 = 58.53).Conclusion: The majority of injuries among basketball players affect the lower extremities, particularly the knees and ankles, likely due to frequent jumping and rapid movements during the game. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The influence of different ways of backpack carrying on pelvic kinematics during gait among male students
Asefeh Pahlevani Nezhad Parastoo ShamsehKohan Maziar MeghdadiBackground: Carrying a backpack incorrectly can have an impact on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was the influence of different ways of backpack carrying on pelvic kinematics during gait among male students.Methods: Twelve boys aged 7–12 years f MoreBackground: Carrying a backpack incorrectly can have an impact on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was the influence of different ways of backpack carrying on pelvic kinematics during gait among male students.Methods: Twelve boys aged 7–12 years from Yazd participated in this study. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, unilateral and bilateral evaluations of walking while carrying backpacks were conducted. The data were processed using MATLAB software. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to determine data distribution, and the paired t-test was employed for statistical analysis (p<0.05).Result: According to the research's findings, the two carrying techniques had similar amounts of anterior pelvic tilt. However, the unilateral backpack approach had slightly greater values for this angle. Due to the positioning of the body on the ground and the slower rate of thigh extension, the graph is downward throughout the stance phase of stepping, which comprises approximately the first 60% of the gate cycle. Additionally, the two carrying techniques in this range differ the most from one another. The levels of coordination variability differed by 30 to 40 degrees in various deciles between the two carrying techs. Furthermore, compared to the bilateral carrying approach, the unilateral carrying strategy had substantially higher hip rotation variability.Conclusion: Generally, the results indicated that except for hip-thigh coordination during walking, there are no appreciable differences in the effects of various backpack carrying techniques on the risk factors for hip-thigh injuries. Except for pelvic-thigh coordination during walking, while using various backpack carrying techniques, a significant difference was noticed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Study of degenerative Injury of Frogs (Thrush) in kurd Horses
Rasoul RahimzadehDegenrative injury of the frog (Thrush) is one of the diseases of the locomotor system in horses and despite paying special attention to this disease. This study was performed in equestrian centers on Kurd horses. In this study, all four motor limbs of 384 horses kept i MoreDegenrative injury of the frog (Thrush) is one of the diseases of the locomotor system in horses and despite paying special attention to this disease. This study was performed in equestrian centers on Kurd horses. In this study, all four motor limbs of 384 horses kept in care centers were clinically examined. Factors such as age, sex and number of infected venoms were evaluated and the incidence rate was graded from 1 to 3, with grade 3 indicating maximum frog disease examined to see if the horses had a black discharge in the frog's cleft. From all the studied horses, 215 (55.84%) heads were diagnosed with the disease. The prevalence of most research samples is between 7 to 10 years of age, and the lowest frequency is in the range of 4 to 7 years (P <0.05). The incidence of the disease was not related to the sex of the animal and no significant difference was observed (P <0.05). Transformed frog disease in the anterior motor limb of the studied horses was significantly higher than the posterior motor limb (P <0.05) and grades 2 and 3 of the disease in the anterior motor limb were more than the posterior motor limb was observed. Among the studied samples, 120 cases of anterior limb involvement and 95 cases of posterior limb involvement were observed. The quality of the litter, the use of moisture-absorbent litter for horses, improved nutrition, and regular venom modification can protect against poisonous frog thrush and improve performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Predicting the Risk of Injury in Athletes Based on Two Factors of Injury History and Functional Movement Screening Test Score
nadjmeh afhami reza siamaki najmeh sadeghiMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes'' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to MoreMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes'' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to injury history and functional movement screen test (FMS). Twenty-seven professional female athletes (15 handball and 12 futsal athletes aged 20.67±4.35 and 21/58±3/05 years old respectively) participated in this cross-sectional study. At first, the consent form and personal information were completed by the subjects, and their injury history was recorded according to the standard injury history form, and then they participated in the FMS test. Subsequently, athletes'' injuries were recorded during training and competition for a period of 6 months. Data were analyzed by Kappa, t-test, Fisher exact test, and Regression logistic with SPSS and alpha level set at α=0.05. The results of the study showed that the history of injury can significantly predict FMS test scores (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Presenting a Model to Stimulate Demand for Sports in Iranian Society
fatemeh ghavami Rasool Nazari reza shajieAbstractMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes accord MoreAbstractMovement patterns disorders can lead to injury, although can result from athletes' injuries and the absence of proper rehabilitation. Studies on risk factors are necessary to prevent sports injuries. The present study aimed to predict predisposed athletes according to injury history and functional movement screen test (FMS). Twenty-seven professional female athletes (15 handball and 12 futsal athletes aged 20.67±4.35 and 21/58±3/05 years old respectively) participated in this cross-sectional study. At first, the consent form and personal information were completed by the subjects, and their injury history was recorded according to the standard injury history form, and then they participated in the FMS test. Subsequently, athletes' injuries were recorded during training and competition for a period of 6 months. Data were analyzed by Kappa, t-test, Fisher exact test, and Regression logistic with SPSS and alpha level set at α=0.05. The results of the study showed that the history of injury can significantly predict FMS test scores (P <0.05). In addition, athletes with a history of injury are more predisposed to injury. Athletes with a history of injury and FMS scores less than 17 were more 4 times predispose to sports injury than athletes with FMS scores above 17. Coaches, athletic trainers, therapists, and sports rehabilitators can design an accurate and effective injury prevention model by taking an injury history and performing FMS in line with other pre-season participation examinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Effect of Aerobic and Combined Training (Resistance-Aerobic) on Growth Factor Beta and Creatine Kinase Due to Muscle Injury in Elderly Men
maryam dashti amir delshad fateme talashanThe mechanisms involved in old age are largely unknown. Although there are no effective therapeutic interventions to increase life expectancy and prevent aging, it seems that physical activity can play an important role in preventing aging. Therefore, the aim of this st MoreThe mechanisms involved in old age are largely unknown. Although there are no effective therapeutic interventions to increase life expectancy and prevent aging, it seems that physical activity can play an important role in preventing aging. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and combined exercise on growth factor beta and creatine kinase caused by muscle injury in elderly men. In this study,30 elderly men with a mean age of 66 years were divided into three groups of aerobic, combined and control exercises. Exercises were performed for 8 weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. Aerobic exercises were performed with an intensity of 60-74% of the maximum heart rate and resistance exercises with an intensity of 60% of a maximum repetition (1RM), which had reached 75% during the training weeks. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the start of training and 48 hours after the last training session. Analysis and comparison between groups were performed by analysis of covariance and for in-group comparison of data by paired t-test at a significance level of P <0.05. TGF-β1 values in two groups of aerobic (P=0.006) and combined (P=0.003) and CK values in the combined group (P=0.03) had a significant increase compared to the control group. But there was no difference in CK values between aerobic and control groups (P=0.11). Increasing the appropriate levels of TGF‐β1 has resulted in more proper muscle regeneration in this age group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Effect of Risk Management on the Anxiety of Sports Injuries with the Mediating Role of Swimmers' Safety Behavior
rozita nourbakhsh Mahvash Noorbakhsh parivash nourbakhshThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of risk management on the anxiety of sports injuries with the mediating role of swimmers' safety behavior. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research. The statistical popula MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of risk management on the anxiety of sports injuries with the mediating role of swimmers' safety behavior. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population included all swimmers in Alborz province in the age category of youth, hope and adults. Due to the uncertainty of the number of swimmers to select a statistical sample from Alborz province, it was geographically divided into 5 parts: north, south, west, east and center. Finally, 200 swimmers formed a statistical sample using the accessible method. Aaron (2004) Risk Management Questionnaire, Martinez-Korkols et al. (2011) Safety Behavior Questionnaire, Smith et al.'s (2006) Sports Injury Anxiety Scale were used to measure research variables. SPSS software version 23 and PLS version 2 software were used to evaluate the hybrid reliability, Cronbach's alpha, divergent and convergent validity and structural equation modeling. The results showed that risk management and safety behavior have a negative effect on anxiety in sports injuries of swimmers in Alborz province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - A case report of a pneumothorax caused by a bullet in a cat and its rare side effects
Neda Vakili Moghadam Alireza JahandidehChest injuries, especially tension pneumothorax, can be serious and life-threateningTension. Tension Pneumothorax is a bullet shot and a complication of the subsequent Horner syndrome is very rare. This case report records a rare case of treated tension pneumothorax and MoreChest injuries, especially tension pneumothorax, can be serious and life-threateningTension. Tension Pneumothorax is a bullet shot and a complication of the subsequent Horner syndrome is very rare. This case report records a rare case of treated tension pneumothorax and Horner's Syndrome in a cat.A 9-year-old adult female cat, weighing 4700 grams in the initial examination shallow rapid open-mouth respiration (82 breaths min–1), tachycardia (95 beats min–1) and normal rectal temperature (37.7°C) and reduced lung auscultation sound in the right lung was referred to the clinic. On the left side of the chest, there was a small wound. After radiography, gun bullets and tension pneumothorax were reported in the chest. Depending on the diagnosis and the emergency, surgery was performed to save the animal's life. Thoracosynthesis was performed and the chest was removed from the chest Then a radiographic picture was taken to ensure pneumothorax recovery. After recovery, the animal's breathing improved and the animal was discharged with antibiotics with a good general condition. In the next referral after 5 days, radiography and health status were normal, but Horner's syndrome was diagnosed as having a completely improved syndrome in the next two weeks of treatment. This study showed that the good prognosis of the Horner syndrome was in the pneumothorax trauma in the cat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The effect of plyometric training plus arginine supplementation on injury prevention related to physical fitness level of beach soccer players
Azadeh Doroodgar Pedram Esmaeilian DehaghaniBackground: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of plyometric exercises with arginine supplementation on some physical fitness factors of beach soccer players for the purpose of injury prevention. Method: Based on the research entry c MoreBackground: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of plyometric exercises with arginine supplementation on some physical fitness factors of beach soccer players for the purpose of injury prevention. Method: Based on the research entry criteria, 20 beach soccer players were selected and were randomly assigned to two groups of plyometric exercises (n=10) and plyometrics with arginine supplement (n=10). Then, age, height, weight, and physical fitness factors including aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscle strength and endurance, and fat percentage of subjects were evaluated. The first training group received plyometric exercises with arginine supplement. In the second group, plyometric exercises were applied along with placebo. After 8 weeks of training, physical fitness factors were re-evaluated. The correlated T test was used to determine the intra-group changes and the ANCOVA test was used to compare between the groups. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The findings showed that both plyometric training programs with and without arginine supplementation had a significant effect on improving aerobic power (P=0.002, P=0.001), anaerobic power (P≥0.01), muscle strength. (P=0.001), muscle endurance (P=0.004) and fat percentage (P=0.001). Also, the results of comparing the effects of two training programs show that there is a significant difference between the two training programs in the variables of aerobic power (P=0.01), anaerobic power (P≥0.05) and fat percentage (P=0.02). Conclusions: According to the results and previous studies, using two types of plyometric exercises, with and without using Arginine supplementation especially with arginine supplementation could be useful to prevent sports related injuries specially ankle and knee sprains and groin strain which are prevalent among soccer players of all types specially beach soccer players. It is explained by different mechanisms including affecting aerobic and anaerobic powers, muscle strength and endurance, and body fat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Critical Role of Nutrition in Acceleration of the Rehabilitation Process in Athletes
DANIEL TARMASTSports-related injuries have profound implications for athletes, encompassing their physical and mental health, a fact that must be acknowledged in light of the incidence of such incidents. In addition, organizations and sports federations bear significant financial bur MoreSports-related injuries have profound implications for athletes, encompassing their physical and mental health, a fact that must be acknowledged in light of the incidence of such incidents. In addition, organizations and sports federations bear significant financial burdens due to these injuries. The aforementioned expenditures comprise a wide range of medical interventions, including treatment, surgery, and the lengthy periods of rehabilitation that follow. A meticulously planned and precise nutritional plan implemented during the rehabilitation phase can substantially reduce costs by promoting speedy recovery and mitigating the likelihood of re-injuries. Protein is essential for tissue repair and preventing muscle degeneration during rehabilitation. A daily protein intake of 1.2 to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight is strongly advised, with leucine being particularly crucial. Due to their status as the primary energy source, carbohydrates play a crucial role in facilitating the process of recovery. It is advised that approximately 3 to 5 grams per kilogram of body weight, or 55% of caloric intake, comprise complex carbohydrates. It is crucial to emphasize that lipids should constitute approximately 20 to 25% of one's daily caloric intake. This equates to 0.8 to 2 grams of fat per kilogram of body weight per day. Empirical evidence supports the notion that integrating nourishing components into one's dietary plan, such as fish, avocado, and olive oil, is advantageous. It has been discovered that these nutrients reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair effectively. Coaches, athletes, and sports administrators can develop and implement effective nutrition programs by collaborating with sports nutrition specialists. This collaborative effort mitigates the financial strain of sports injuries while concurrently expediting the recuperation process. A balanced and concentrated dietary plan, comprising adequate quantities of protein, complex carbohydrates, and nourishing fats, is the foundation for athletes to reestablish their highest performance levels rapidly. Additionally, this dietary plan contributes to reducing recovery periods and relevant costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Self-Esteem, Cognitive-Emotional Regulation and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in adolescent girls
Ghazal Yasfard Bayramali Ranjgar Amirreza ShirzadiDue to the pressures and tensions between adolescence, self-injury may be done with the aim of reducing the negative tensions and emotions. Based on the emotional regulation model, the most important motivation in this behavior can be related to the regulation of unplea MoreDue to the pressures and tensions between adolescence, self-injury may be done with the aim of reducing the negative tensions and emotions. Based on the emotional regulation model, the most important motivation in this behavior can be related to the regulation of unpleasant emotions. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on self-esteem, cognitive emotion regulation, and non-suicidal self-injury behavior in Pardis secondary school girls. For this purpose, in this quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 30 students from the junior high school girl students of Pardis City, who had performed at least once a non-suicidal self-injury behavior, were selected by access sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy in 10 sessions. The groups were tested before and after the intervention in terms of self-esteem, cognitive emotion regulation, self-injury behaviour’s and functions. The results of covariance analysis showed dialectical behavior therapy in reducing self-injury behavior, increasing self-esteem and reducing catastrophe in the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the results, dialectical behavior therapy could improve self-esteem, emotion regulation and reduce self-injury behaviour’s in adolescent girls. Manuscript profile
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