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Open Access Article
1 - One Civilization and Two Interpretations: Rereading Two Works by Abdulḥusayn Zarrinkub: Du Qarn Sukut and Karnami-yi Islam
سیاوش ShohaniIslamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has beenaffected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extentthat some of these parameters, in the same way as a historicaldiscourse, have created a historiographical era. AbdulḥusaynZarrinkub&rsq MoreIslamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has beenaffected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extentthat some of these parameters, in the same way as a historicaldiscourse, have created a historiographical era. AbdulḥusaynZarrinkub’s works on the history of Iran at first centuries of Islamicperiod were of great importance and authority in academies in Iran.Du Qarn Sukut, written in thirties (Persian calendar), his most famouswork, presents a different account in comparison with Karnami-yiIslam, written in fifties. In his first account, Zarrinkub attacks theachievements of Islamic civilization in two first centuries, andconsiders Arab conquest as the reason of Persian’s misfortune; whilein his second account, admires this civilization, and considers thisencounter as a reason for flourishing and fruitfulness of bothcivilizations. This article tries to compare these two accounts ofIslamic civilization, and examine the aforementioned contradictionhermeneutically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Explanation of the Connection between the Existence of the Sky in the Architecture and Painting of the Safavid Period from the Perspective of Areas of Human Life
Seyyed Gholam Reza Islami zahraalsadat hosseiniFrom the moment of birth, human beings grow with the formation of their physical, physiological, and security needs, and then they are placed in the space of knowing the psychological realm and providing psychological and social security needs, as well as being respecte MoreFrom the moment of birth, human beings grow with the formation of their physical, physiological, and security needs, and then they are placed in the space of knowing the psychological realm and providing psychological and social security needs, as well as being respected and loved and loved. Due to the insufficient provision of these needs for human beings, he experiences the spiritual realm with the provision of respectful and self-fulfilling demands. All these areas and requirements are formed in an environment that is based on the two elements of earth and sky. However, being surrounded by the modern world, the contemporary man is influenced by self-made architectural space, which is led to mental and physical disease due to the elimination of natural elements such as the sky. Moreover, human needs are categorized based on the response to his physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects, which affect his activities according to the theory of thinkers. Also, the dependence of art on nature has caused people to express what they have learned from nature through art. In this regard, Iranians, who have had a special respect for nature from the past to the present, have been inspired by nature. According to Iranian mythology, the sky, as the father of nature, vast and glorious, has played a key role in shaping Iranian art. Iranian art from the past to the present, including stories and legends, poets, miniatures and paintings, music, carpets, shows the role of the sky in meeting human needs. On the other hand, the representation of the sky in the arts can prove its effect on the health of the human body and soul to emphasize the importance of the existence of the sky in the living space of human beings. In order to show the effect of the sky on the improvement of human life, two views have been applied, including Western and Islamic ones based on Maslow's view, and human areas, based on the Islamic view. Study of the existence of the sky in Iranian art and especially in painting and analyzing the meaning and concept of the sky in this art shows the special place of the sky in the body and mind of human beings and also considers the existence of the sky necessary to meet human vital needs. It should be noted that a large part of the image in blue or gold color shows the role of the sky in meeting the material, psychological and spiritual needs of human beings. By using the qualitative approach, a descriptive-analytical method, and logical reasoning, the present theoretical research studies, how to extend the sky appears in the prominent Safavid paintings as well as which humans aspects are considered based on the pieces of evidence , are from the published library sources and the graphic works (Shahnameh, Shah Tahmasebi and Khamseh Nezami). The results show the sky in the school of Isfahan causes meets spiritual needs in the Safavid era, flourishing spiritual arts in a way that motivates a man to communicate with the metaphysical world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Presenting the Definition of City Nature and the Indexes and Criteria, for Surveying it’s Situation in Contemporary era
Nima JahanbinPaying attention to the critical situation, which has been happened in Contemporary cities, specially in Iran and the necessity of having a good explanation of this situation for pass it away, are the reasons that this discourse attempt to present a description about th MorePaying attention to the critical situation, which has been happened in Contemporary cities, specially in Iran and the necessity of having a good explanation of this situation for pass it away, are the reasons that this discourse attempt to present a description about the "City Nature" based on " City Existence " and also trys to find the indexes and criteria of this definition in order to survey the city nature situation in this time, epecially in our country Iran. Searching about the meaning of nature in philosophy texts and comparing this with what we have about city nature in Urbanism needs to use deductive and addactive methods and a complex method for finding indexes and criteria, in order to make it a functional method for survaying the situation, and making correct descisions. At the end this research found: The Meaning of the city nature by using one of the Hideger's methods, in philosophy and comparing it with the urbanism definitions and methods. Presenting the indexes and criteria of this definition by using three important headlines: The elements of the city Specifications of being in connection with the city as a tool Human friendly criteria Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Recognition of Cognition Issue in Islamic Architecture Creation
Nasim Ashrafi Mohammad Naghizadeh -
Open Access Article
5 - Pluralism and Toleration in Modern World: With a Focus on John Locke’s Argument of Religious Origins of Toleration
Ali Shakoori -
Open Access Article
6 - Principle-Appearance Priority According to Shiite Jurisprudence and Iranian Applicable Law
Abolfazl Alishahi Ghalehjoughi Somayeh Najafi KashkouliOne of the most commonly used fundamental issues in Islamic jurisprudence and therefore in Islamic law is principle-appearance conflict and their relative superiority. Appearance means the reasons that give rise to doubt based the nature of the things, which originates MoreOne of the most commonly used fundamental issues in Islamic jurisprudence and therefore in Islamic law is principle-appearance conflict and their relative superiority. Appearance means the reasons that give rise to doubt based the nature of the things, which originates from proof. On the other hand, principle is a means to resolve conflict and confusion, without trying to discover the facts and without giving rise to any doubt about them. Many scholars use the doctrine of priority of valid presumptions over principles to resolve such conflict, based on which they give priority to principle. How some give priority to principles over presumptions. The law, influenced by Islamic jurisprudence, gives priority to valid presumptions over principles in case of applicable law too, which is quite natural given the law, follows the Islamic jurisprudence. Thus, this research sought to study the concept and discuss the relevant basic arguments to question such rule overall and to answer the question whether appearance or principle must be given priority by a lawyer or judge when faced by appearance-principle conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Personal Unity of Being and its Reflection in the Knowledge of One in Plotinus
S. Morteza Hosseini Shahroudi Fatemeh EstesnaeiThere is no doubt that Plotinus believes in the intuitive unification, butfor some reasons such as totality and limitless of One, interpretation ofcausality to emission, non acceptance reincarnation and unity, nonindependence of Persons, knowing the manifolds as image a MoreThere is no doubt that Plotinus believes in the intuitive unification, butfor some reasons such as totality and limitless of One, interpretation ofcausality to emission, non acceptance reincarnation and unity, nonindependence of Persons, knowing the manifolds as image and ray, ofone can infer personal unity from his expressions and its reflection inhis theory about the knowledge f One. He, on the basis of various kindsof souls, emphasizes on the diverse stages of Knowledge. According toPlotinus the One is utterly unknowable both intuitively andintuitionally, and the only way to receive him is to transcend Intuitionwhich represents the duality of witness and witnessed. As a result in thestage which correspondence to mystical inexistence there is only onereality percept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A Comparison of Ibn-Sina and Mulla Sadra’s Views on the Union of the Intellect and the Inelligible
منیره سید مظهریThe disagreements between Mulla Sadra and Ibn-Sina concerning theissue of the union of the intellect and the intelligible represent anexample of the difference between the conceptions of two prominentislamic philosophers of an important philosophical problem.Two complet MoreThe disagreements between Mulla Sadra and Ibn-Sina concerning theissue of the union of the intellect and the intelligible represent anexample of the difference between the conceptions of two prominentislamic philosophers of an important philosophical problem.Two completely contrasting theories have been ascribed to Ibn-Sina inthis regard. Some of his words indicate his rejection of the union of theintellect and the intelligible. While some of his other words indicate hisconfirmation of this theory. Conversely, Mulla Sadra is a greatsupporter of this theory and has adduced various arguments todemonstrate it. The theory of the union of the intellect and theintelligible, which is either denied or accepted by Ibn-Sina, is not inharmony with the one supported by Mulla Sadra, and the views of thesetwo philosophers concerning this theory are totally different from eachother. Their disagreements can be summarized in two points:1. Reality of intellection 2. Reality of the unionConsidering the above two points of difference, we can say that theirconceptions of the union of the intellect and the intelligible are sodifferent from each other that they represent the intellectualconfrontation between them deeper than what it really is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Body in Suhrawardi's Philosophy and MullaSadra
مریم عاطفی محمد سعیدی مهرIslamic philosophers, like their Greek predecessors, have discussedthe essence and quiddity of the body. Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra,among the others, have proposed some ideas concerning the natureof the body and its characteristics. Suhrawardi considers the body inthree MoreIslamic philosophers, like their Greek predecessors, have discussedthe essence and quiddity of the body. Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra,among the others, have proposed some ideas concerning the natureof the body and its characteristics. Suhrawardi considers the body inthree different stages: first, following the Peripatetic philosophy, hedefines it as a subsistence composed of "form" and “matter". Thenhe moves to regard it as mere magnitude. Finally, Suhrawardidefines the body according to his own illuminative principles as thecomposition of attributive light and dark substance. Sadra,according to his principle of the "principality of Existence", sees thequiddity of the body as something composed of matter and form,but its true reality is nothing but existence. In this paper, we arguethat there is not any contradiction between Suhravardi's differentviews depending on everystaye since each of them is proposed in aspecific context. On the other hand, we show that Sadra's existentialphilosophy, necessarily concludes to a result which the real essenceof the body is nothing than existence. Final section, we make somecomparisons between the views of these two great Muslimphilosophers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Conceptual Analysis of the Subject of Metaphysics in Suhrawardi's Hikmat al-Ishraq
Mahmud Hedayatafza Zeynab BostaniThe subject of metaphysics, which was introduced in Greek philosophy, and especially in Aristotle's books, was expanded into the works of Muslim thinkers after being translated into Arabic. Most of them chose the most famous subject for the first teacher, that is, &ldqu MoreThe subject of metaphysics, which was introduced in Greek philosophy, and especially in Aristotle's books, was expanded into the works of Muslim thinkers after being translated into Arabic. Most of them chose the most famous subject for the first teacher, that is, “existing in terms of existence”, sometimes under the influence of other words from Aristotle, “the object” and sometimes because of their religious tendencies, considered “obligatory existence” as the subject of philosophy. The present research is responsible for Hakim Sohrawardi's innovative view on this issue. The authors' method of discussion is a combination of historical description, analysis and comparison. Sohrawardi, in his works in the Peripatetic style, seems to have accepted Ibn Sina's view, preferring the title “existing in terms of existence” to other topics in philosophy in Peripatetic literature, and only in some places, the word “existence” in terms of its original meaning. Replaces “existing”. But in the book Hikmat al-Ishraq, we encounter a new conceptual system in which the “object” as the most obvious concept takes the place of existence and existence, and regardless of any constraints, is considered the subject of Enlightenment metaphysics. Sohrawardi from the beginning divides the object into light and darkness, and after that, other concepts of illuminated wisdom are formed. One of the important results of this approach is the denial of the validity of darkness and the rejection of the idea of the similarity of light, despite the fact that the commentators of the book Hikmat al-Ishraq have not properly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Rumi’s Ontology
حبیب بشیرپور طاهره حاج ابراهیمیFor Rumi the entire world of creation is the manifestation of the uniqueglory of God, in which God has revealed Himself in accordance withthe creatures’ capacities and faculties. Therefore, he describes theworld as a mirror that constantly reflects the God’s MoreFor Rumi the entire world of creation is the manifestation of the uniqueglory of God, in which God has revealed Himself in accordance withthe creatures’ capacities and faculties. Therefore, he describes theworld as a mirror that constantly reflects the God’s face. For him wholeparts of the realm of existence are full of meaning and following hismaster, Shams Tabrīzī, he believes that God is manifested in this verymeaning. Rumi invites people to observe this meaning by purifyingtheir minds and selves. Sometimes in Rumi’s ontology the bipolarworld changes into an indivisible and simple existence consisted ofdifferent levels. He sees no “discord” in the realm of existence but hedescribes the world as the place of “union” with God so every bit of itis full of meaning. Therefore from Rumi’s viewpoint the realm ofexistence is full of joy and passion and every part of it goes through theway of perfection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Thoughts of Saʿd al-Dīn Ḥammuyyī on Theoretical Mysticism
عالیه Nouri M j Shams M T Fa'alliSaʿd al-Dīn Ḥammuyyī, the well-known mystics of the 7th/13th century, was from a Shāfi'ī family who have had a long history (about 400 years) in Egypt and Syria. Saʿd al-Dīn belonged to the Kābravi Order and was one of the prominent disciples of Shaikh Nadjm al-Dīn Kubr MoreSaʿd al-Dīn Ḥammuyyī, the well-known mystics of the 7th/13th century, was from a Shāfi'ī family who have had a long history (about 400 years) in Egypt and Syria. Saʿd al-Dīn belonged to the Kābravi Order and was one of the prominent disciples of Shaikh Nadjm al-Dīn Kubrā. He was one of the first Sufis who explicitly confirmed the absolute sainthood of Shiite Imāms. He wrote several books and treatises contained mysterious sayings, mathematical figures and shapes and full of mystical terms, these materials are sometimes hard to understand. Most parts of his writings are unpublished and still preserve in manuscript form in the libraries and it is one of the serious obstacles to survey his mystical thoughts. In this article we review some of his main treatises such as Maḥbub al-, fī Ulum al-Ḥaqāyiq va al-Daqāyiq, Lataḥīd fī Gharā and al-Miṣbaḥ fī al-Taṣawwuf. Moreover we survey the words of his distinguished dispel, ʿAzīz al-Dīn Nasafī. We try to describe his teachings on ontology especially his ideas about the theories of oneness of Being, basicality of Being and modulation of existence. We also compare some of his teachings with his contemporary mystic, Muḥī al-Dīn Ibn al-ʿArabī. Manuscript profile -
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13 - Nonlinear Fuzzy Volterra Integro-differential Equation of N-th Order: Analytic Solution and Existence and Uniqueness of Solution
L. Hooshangian -
Open Access Article
14 - وجود جوابهای ضعیف برای یک سیستم مقدار مرزی فراکشنالی نیمه-خطی ولترا -فردهلم
الیاس شیوانیاندر این مقاله، یک اثبات ساختاری برای مطالعه وجود و منحصر به فرد بودن جواب مساله منفرد زیر با شرایط مرزی & Moreدر این مقاله، یک اثبات ساختاری برای مطالعه وجود و منحصر به فرد بودن جواب مساله منفرد زیر با شرایط مرزی ارائه می شود. به طور کلی فرض می شود که نسبت متغیر مستقل نامنفرد باشد. اما مجاز است نسبت به منفرد باشد. دنباله تکراری پیکارد را با ساخت معادله انتگرالی که تابع گرین در آن منفی نیست، اعمال می کنیم. سپس همگرایی این دنباله تکراری توسط یک پارامتر نشانده کنترل می شود. سریعترین همگرایی برای یک پارامتر نشانده بهینه رخ می دهد که یک تابع خاص را به حداکثر می رساند. این مسئله بهینهسازی دنبالهای با سرعت بالایی از همگرایی به جواب یکتا به ارمغان میآورد بطوریکه در ناحیه محدود به آن باید مثبت باشد. چند مثال گویا برای تایید اعتبار و پایایی این بحث ساختلری آورده شده است. Manuscript profile -
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15 - توزیع پیشین جفریز برای خانواده توزیع های نمایی چوله بریده شده
سعید میرزاده انیس ایرانمنش احسان ارمزدر این مقاله توزیع پیشین جفریز مستقل برای برآورد بیز پارامترهای مجهول مکان، مقیاس و چولگی در خانواده توزیع های نمایی بریده شده چوله(TESSD) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با وجود ناسره بودن توزیع پیشین، سره بودن توزیع پسین اثبات شده است. برای ارزیابی عملکرد برآوردهای بیز حا Moreدر این مقاله توزیع پیشین جفریز مستقل برای برآورد بیز پارامترهای مجهول مکان، مقیاس و چولگی در خانواده توزیع های نمایی بریده شده چوله(TESSD) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با وجود ناسره بودن توزیع پیشین، سره بودن توزیع پسین اثبات شده است. برای ارزیابی عملکرد برآوردهای بیز حاصل در مدل معرفی شده و مقایسه آن با مدل چوله آزالینی، مطالعات شبیه سازی به روش های مونت کارلو برای چند توزیع خاص از این خانواده انجام شده است. نتایج حاصله برتری برآوردهای بیز در خانواده TESSD نسبت به توزیع های چوله آزالینی را نشان می دهد. Manuscript profile -
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16 - یک رویکرد ترکیبی برای دستگاه معادلات انتگرال
حعفر بی آزار Y. Parvari Moghaddam kh. Sadriدر این مقاله، یک روش محاسباتی برای حل دستگاه های معادلات انتگرال ولترا و فردهلم ارائه شده است که یک رویکرد ترکیبی بر اساس توابع بلوک پالس و نوع سوم چند جمله های چبیشف است که ما به آنها به طور خلاصه(HBV) اشاره خواهیم کرد. با استفاده از روش HBV و ماتریس عملیاتی انتگ Moreدر این مقاله، یک روش محاسباتی برای حل دستگاه های معادلات انتگرال ولترا و فردهلم ارائه شده است که یک رویکرد ترکیبی بر اساس توابع بلوک پالس و نوع سوم چند جمله های چبیشف است که ما به آنها به طور خلاصه(HBV) اشاره خواهیم کرد. با استفاده از روش HBV و ماتریس عملیاتی انتگرال، چنین دستگاه هایی را می توان به دستگاه معادلات جبری کاهش داد. به وجود و منحصر به فرد بودن جواب هم پرداخته شده است. چند مثال برای روشن شدن کارآیی و اثر بخشی روش ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
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17 - A Study of Mystical Components in the Texts of Islamic and Indian Schools (based on the views of Rumi and Mohammad Darashkooh)
ghasem ahmadi Fatemeh Lajavardi Mohammad reza adliThe roots of the cultural, literary and religious commonalities of Iran and India can be traced back to the distant past, and many of the themes and allegories used in Iranian and Indian mystical texts are similar. The similarities between Islamic Sufism and the mystici MoreThe roots of the cultural, literary and religious commonalities of Iran and India can be traced back to the distant past, and many of the themes and allegories used in Iranian and Indian mystical texts are similar. The similarities between Islamic Sufism and the mysticism of other nations of the world are undoubtedly very noteworthy. Although there are common features in the experiences of world mysticism, one should not expect them to be expressed in the same words always and everywhere. This article examines the similarities between some of the customs and rituals of the two mystical schools of Islam and India. From a careful study of Indian sources and Persian Sufi books, there are many similarities in educational methods and conduct, the most important of which are: the value of human existence and its importance in mystical literature of Iran and India, the manifestation of love and knowledge in mysticism Iranian and Indian, the multiplicity of houses and authorities of conduct, the value and importance of the position of the heart, the value of the position of old man and mentor, asceticism and austerity, struggle against the soul, the theory of annihilation. Manuscript profile -
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18 - Convergences and divergences of Heidegger's Carbone and Fardid reading
Jalal Sobhanifard Aziz Javanpour Heravi Reza Nasiri HamedMartin Heidegger, the influential twentieth century's philosopher in Iran has had a considerable success. Seyyed Ahmad Fardid was one of the first thinkers in Iran to pay attention to Heidegger's thought. At the same time, Henry Carbone, one of the most important contem MoreMartin Heidegger, the influential twentieth century's philosopher in Iran has had a considerable success. Seyyed Ahmad Fardid was one of the first thinkers in Iran to pay attention to Heidegger's thought. At the same time, Henry Carbone, one of the most important contemporary thinkers, who was also a commentator and translator of Heidegger's works, read the philosophical and theological heritage of ancient Iran, inspired by Heidegger's insights. Alignment and synchronicity, as well as differences between the two cases of the influence of Heidegger's thought, are the subject of the present article. Considering the approach of the two to Heidegger's legacy and the attempt to apply it to the issues of Iranian thought shows that both Fardid and Carbone have entered into discussions with Heidegger from the point of view of expert thinkers and have expanded their intellectual position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Study on Existentialism Thoughts in Shamloo’s poetry Based on Nietzsche's Ideas
Peyman Pasban Zoqi Lida Naamdaar Javad Taheri Gholam Reza HeidariExistentialism is one of the central concepts of Nietzsche's thought, which is clearly reflected in contemporary poetry, especially in Shamloo’s. Prominent examples of it, including the primacy of existence over nature, commitment and responsibility, individuality MoreExistentialism is one of the central concepts of Nietzsche's thought, which is clearly reflected in contemporary poetry, especially in Shamloo’s. Prominent examples of it, including the primacy of existence over nature, commitment and responsibility, individuality, the exaggeration of life as well as the world, death and demise, freedom, apprehension and anxiety, loneliness and solitude in Shamloo's poetry are fully represented by the artist. The present research which is done by descriptive – analytical method, studies the relationship between literature and other branches of the humanities based on the comments of American School of Comparative Literature. It seeks to answer the question: how existentialism thoughts were developed in Shamloo’s mind and language and what was his thought and philosophy of existence focused on? The main purpose of the present article is explaining and drawing existentialism in Shamloo’s poetry according to Nietzsche's views. Findings of the research show that Shamloo has had a deep connection with existentialism topics and thoughts, and existential concepts and concerns have been reflected in his poems in a contemplative and very high frequency. These concepts intersect with Nietzsche's existentialism views. Manuscript profile -
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20 - Annihilation “Fana” and Unity “Wahdat” in the Works of Rumi and Ibn-Faridh
Maryam Faridi Mehdi TadayyonIbn-Faridh was one of the greatest poets of Sufi poetry in Arabic literature. Rumi, on the other hand, has always been the leading lord of love and mysticism in Persian literature. Rumi and Ibn-Faridh both believe that annihilation would culminate in unity, and they bot MoreIbn-Faridh was one of the greatest poets of Sufi poetry in Arabic literature. Rumi, on the other hand, has always been the leading lord of love and mysticism in Persian literature. Rumi and Ibn-Faridh both believe that annihilation would culminate in unity, and they both seek divine union through annihilation. Both assert that, in order to obtain union, the spiritual seeker must first separate themselves from their physical beings, and must then be immersed in the Beloved so that there is nothing left of their own egos. Passing through such a stage, the mystic seeker will find his Eternal Beloved in a union of love. The great importance of this subject and the similarities between the beliefs of Rumi and Ibn-Faridh demands a thorough investigationofthe notions of annihilation in God(Fana), and total integration in God (baqa). Manuscript profile -
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21 - Comparison and inviolability to God from the viewpoints of Sanā’ī and Ibn ‘Arabī
Hamidreza Ardestani RostamiMost of the time scientists and scholars have had viewpoints on human being, God and the universe. One might find shared points in the considerations of the scientists and scholars that have been influencedby each other or have lived at the same time. The pres MoreMost of the time scientists and scholars have had viewpoints on human being, God and the universe. One might find shared points in the considerations of the scientists and scholars that have been influencedby each other or have lived at the same time. The present research is on comparison and inviolability to divine characteristics (a matter of eloquence) in the works of two scholars. One is a philosopher poet wholived in Ghazna in Iranian territory and the other a poet philosopher who lived in Andalusia. They are namely Sanā’ī the 5th century poet and Ibn ‘Arabī the 7th century thinker. Although these scholars lived in two different eras they have had similar ideas on comparison and inviolability to divine characteristics. Manuscript profile -
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22 - A comparative study of Sanaee and John Donne’ mysticism
Ali Dehghan Maryam AminiSanaee an epoch-maker poet of Persian literature is the turning point of mystical Persian poetry. John Donne the English speaking American poet of Seventeenth-century is of a similar character and thought as Sanaee. Changing status and restless spirit, and tra MoreSanaee an epoch-maker poet of Persian literature is the turning point of mystical Persian poetry. John Donne the English speaking American poet of Seventeenth-century is of a similar character and thought as Sanaee. Changing status and restless spirit, and tragic dual personality, evolutionary genius in the field of mystical thought, innovation and prominence in lyricism and religious orientation in mysticism are the similar characteristics of these two great belletrists. Accordingly, the common mystical matters as theology, love, intuition, repentance, inexistence and death are read in this article from Sanaee and Donne’s viewpoint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - In search of the utopia; A Comparative View at Selected Works by Harper Lee and Aldous Huxley
Saeed RahimipourAt anytime and anywhere in the world, intellectuals have sought to discover their eternity and their ideals, society and the ideal world. Hence, they have paid their attention to works of art and literature, which have been the main focus of their intellectual concerns MoreAt anytime and anywhere in the world, intellectuals have sought to discover their eternity and their ideals, society and the ideal world. Hence, they have paid their attention to works of art and literature, which have been the main focus of their intellectual concerns and inspirations. One of the previous and current attention of man and his long-standing desire was to achieve utopia and ideal that encompasses all the characters of his creation.Given the components of the story, such as thematic, staging, and characterization, the purpose of this article is to provide an analytical approach to Huxley's selected work "Donyaye Shegeft Angiz" and Harper Lee's work "Koshtane Morghe Mina", to answer the question of whether whether there is a commonality between these two works according to the research topic or not. Also, this article clearly demonstrates the fact that literature and its outstanding techniques cover a wide range of arts and sciences in reflecting and predicting the future of human beings in the world Manuscript profile -
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24 - The unity of existence in the words of Imam Khomeini and its comparison with Davood Qaisari
Nematollah Behzadi Farajollah Barati Maryam BakhtiarDawood Qaisari is one of the famous mystics of the sixth century who has a great contribution in the development and growth of Ibn Arabi school. This book is undoubtedly one of the most prominent educational texts on theoretical mysticism, which testifies to the author' MoreDawood Qaisari is one of the famous mystics of the sixth century who has a great contribution in the development and growth of Ibn Arabi school. This book is undoubtedly one of the most prominent educational texts on theoretical mysticism, which testifies to the author's mastery in understanding and explaining the topics of Ibn Arabi's thought. The discussion of "unity of existence" is one of the important topics in this work, which is very interesting and has always been discussed by other mystics and thinkers of the Valley of Mysticism; For example, in the present era, Imam Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic, who, although entering the world of politics, does not hide his devotion and interest in Ibn Arabi's thought and his works, and especially in the discussion of the unity of existence. In the works of Daud Qaisari and Imam Khomeini, both of which are influenced by the teachings of the Ibn Arabi school, we find that they have similar views and opinions on the unity of existence and its bills, which are worthy of attention. Similarities such as: the unity of personal intuition, the first determination, the status of oneness and unity, etc. Although at first Imam Khomeini disagreed in some cases, Manuscript profile -
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25 - The Unity of Existence in Holy Quran Verses and Narrations
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi Darrehbidy Mohammad Ali HeidariThe unity of existence means the circulation of the absolute existence of God in every bit of the universe. That is, the essence of existence is one, the example of which is God Almighty, and the universe is the manifestation of God. That is, the universe is a shadow of MoreThe unity of existence means the circulation of the absolute existence of God in every bit of the universe. That is, the essence of existence is one, the example of which is God Almighty, and the universe is the manifestation of God. That is, the universe is a shadow of the Divine Essence. Therefore, the author with the question that the main subject of theoretical mysticism, i.e., the unity of existence in Holy Qur'an and in the words of its commentators has been raised? Follows up the issue by collecting information in a library and in a descriptive – analytical manner and by examining a number of verses of Holy Quran and the words of Innocent Imams, assuming that the issue of unity exists in many verses of Holy Quran and also the divine saints are seen in many cases of speeches, seeking to prove that the most important subject of theoretical mysticism, namely the unity of existence, is found in many Verses of Holy Qur'an and numerous words of the Great people and intellectuals. Manuscript profile -
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26 - The Role of Ontology Principles in Environment Interactions by Emphasis the Quranic Learning
Hamed Pour Rostami Omolbanin Soleimai BaghshahThe existence is of different adjectives such as sentient, purposive, regulation and sacredness (purity). Understanding each can be followed by notable effects on the environment. Also there is a meaningful relationship between the human being and the nature which is cr MoreThe existence is of different adjectives such as sentient, purposive, regulation and sacredness (purity). Understanding each can be followed by notable effects on the environment. Also there is a meaningful relationship between the human being and the nature which is created in line with human’s perfection. Thus a fine interaction with the environment means a harmony with the existence path which can have a remarkable effect on human’s happiness and perfection. Manuscript profile -
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27 - Adherence to the teachings of the Quran from Allameh Tabatabaee’s perspective
mohammad mehdi meshkatiAbstract Coexist in peace and security protection is of the core foundation of any civilized nation. And from a long time theorists have dealt with it as one of the most ideal indicators "utopia". Today also, it is such an attractive matter that excites the lawyers and MoreAbstract Coexist in peace and security protection is of the core foundation of any civilized nation. And from a long time theorists have dealt with it as one of the most ideal indicators "utopia". Today also, it is such an attractive matter that excites the lawyers and politicians in the international or regional area to think about its legal and administrative instruments and to present strategies for realizing it. But it is to be known what has been neglected in these efforts, is considering the revealed teachings. In the current global situation, negative approach to religious thought, both in the range of interpersonal relationships and social interaction, has made the human cheap senses overcome his eminent senses, and has caused unbridled status in natural impulses such as individualism, exploiting the others’ interests in the service of one’s benefits and the desire to exceed the restrictions. If the belief was institutionalized in law and political elite, it would lead to numerous works in all areas as a unit something that is now as a missing loop. Manuscript profile -
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28 - Symbolic Application of Colors in Holy Quran
Mohammad Reza Azizipour Masoud Bavanpouri Mostafa Ahmadpanah Farouq NematiHoly Quran – God's real words – is known as rich literary book as well as a complete collection of religious – doctrinal one. This Holy Book contains images with wide and deep dreams in which simile, metaphor, rhythm, color and etc. are of vital roles. MoreHoly Quran – God's real words – is known as rich literary book as well as a complete collection of religious – doctrinal one. This Holy Book contains images with wide and deep dreams in which simile, metaphor, rhythm, color and etc. are of vital roles. One of the most effective elements and fundamentals in literary beauty of these images is colors. Although the variety and diversity of colors are limit in Quran, they have valuable role in readers' dreaming. Applied colors in Holy Quran brought to explain a thing or phenomena or are of metaphoric, allusive or symbolic. The present research attempts to study existing colors' application in Quran in descriptive – analytical method and by librarian tools. Manuscript profile -
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29 - Theory of gradation of existence in the Eyes of Ibn Sina
محمدحسین ایراندوستمقاله ی حاضر در صدد است تا مبانی و ارکان تشکیک وجود را با قرائت ابن سینا توضیح دهد. نظریه تشکیک وجود در کتاب المباحثات مورد تصریح واقع شده اما در سایر کتب ابن سینا از چنین صراحتی برخوردار نیست. کتاب مذکور شامل هفت مباحثه از شیخ الرئیس با شاگردانش است و سبب تالیف آن پرسش Moreمقاله ی حاضر در صدد است تا مبانی و ارکان تشکیک وجود را با قرائت ابن سینا توضیح دهد. نظریه تشکیک وجود در کتاب المباحثات مورد تصریح واقع شده اما در سایر کتب ابن سینا از چنین صراحتی برخوردار نیست. کتاب مذکور شامل هفت مباحثه از شیخ الرئیس با شاگردانش است و سبب تالیف آن پرسش و پاسخ هایی بوده که بین او و برخی شاگردان صورت گرفته است. مبنای او در نهمین مسئله مباحثه نخست ، به گونه ای است که می تواند پل ارتباطی میان فلسفه ی ابن سینا با فلسفه ی ملاصدرا در مکتب فلسفی اصفهان را تکمیل کند. اصطلاح «تشکیک» در حوزه فلسفه و منطق، ریشة واحدی دارند. فیلسوفان مسلمان، وقتی سخن از انواع تمایز بین موجودات مطرح شده، معنای فلسفی تشکیک را مطرح نمودند. این قسم از تشکیک، بر خلاف تشکیک منطقی، به حوزه الفاظ و مفاهیم تعلق ندارد. بلکه عبارت است از نحوه ی تمایز واقعی میان دو شیء که در عین اشتراک از هم متمایزند. نظریه تشکیک وجود بر اساس دیدگاه مشهور، ناظر به این اصل فلسفی است که وجود در همه ی موجودات، اختلاف نوعی ندارد. بلکه اختلافات وجود هم به همان وجود باز می گردد. به سخن دیگر اختلاف وجودی به شدت و ضعف درهستی وابسته است. Manuscript profile -
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30 - The Simplicity of Existence in the works of Mulla Sadra
محمدحسین ایراندوستIn the general philosophy of the issues is that certain kinds of creatures does not have. One of the topics of "simplicity of being '. Mulla Sadra's discussion on "the method of the first" Asfar has proposed that the Special Topics Amvramh. Peripatetic philosophers know MoreIn the general philosophy of the issues is that certain kinds of creatures does not have. One of the topics of "simplicity of being '. Mulla Sadra's discussion on "the method of the first" Asfar has proposed that the Special Topics Amvramh. Peripatetic philosophers know the reality of being purely abstract and subjective reason in his analysis of objects in the universe to it.But Mulla Sadra in his works for truth, respect is an objective reality. The Peripatetic philosophers, despite the simplicity issue solely related to the world of the mind, and Mulla Sadra addition to the world of the mind, it also spread to the world. This article tries to answer that by describing the status of "simplicity are" works of Mulla Sadra in the conceptual realm or reality? What are the fruits of this issue? And the result is that there is no concept of simplicity in the realm of truth. And the outcome of the discussion of "individuation" and "denial of substantive provisions" of existence. Manuscript profile -
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31 - Imam Khomeini (ra), Peace and Its Red Lines
اسماعیل علی خانیPeace stands in contrast to war and it is one of the two ways that constantly faces followers of religions and schools confronting those who reject their beliefs. In Islam, none of war and peace is the main principle; it is circumstances and situations that determine ea MorePeace stands in contrast to war and it is one of the two ways that constantly faces followers of religions and schools confronting those who reject their beliefs. In Islam, none of war and peace is the main principle; it is circumstances and situations that determine each of them just as each of them has conditions and red lines in Islam. In order to elucidate must’s and must not’s of peace in the eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra), the honorable descendant and outstanding spokesman for Islam in modern times, the red lines of peace have been examined in two parts: The red lines concerned with different situations and circumstances are like that peace must not threaten Islam and Muslims and weaken authority of regime; peace must not enfeeble Islamic front in the world; peace must not leave us be negligent of enemy and enmity of enemy; peace must not be coerced; peace must not be humiliatingly rendered and disregard reciprocal rights; and red lines of peace are also related to people, groups and thoughts like peace with arrogant powers, peace with Israel, peace with tyrants and despots and peace with those trespassing the community and Islamic system. Manuscript profile -
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32 - A Study of Principles of Religious Knowledge of Peace and Peaceful Co-existence in the Eyes of John Hick and Imam Khomeini (ra)
اکرم نامور سید مهدی میرداداشیPeace and Peaceful co-existence is some type of social behavior that comes into existence within the framework of suitable sense. Social pluralism based on salvation study pluralism is some type of interpretation of peace and co-existence that uses modern philosophical MorePeace and Peaceful co-existence is some type of social behavior that comes into existence within the framework of suitable sense. Social pluralism based on salvation study pluralism is some type of interpretation of peace and co-existence that uses modern philosophical grounds. John Hick, religious philosopher and theologian, has attempted to present new interpretation of Christianity with this approach and passing through historical interpretation of church, thus institutionalizing peace and co-existence among different religions followers. Imam Khomeini vis-à-vis Hick’s approach presents another basis for salvation of religion, peace and co-existence. This article has tried to explore and criticize ideas of John Hick based on his conceptual principles while presenting interpretation of Imam Khomeini from issue of salvation, peace and peaceful co-existence representative of traditional thinking of world of Islam. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Anti-wisdom during Safavid age
Hassan shamyan Mehdi Muhaghegh -
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34 - A Comparative Analysis of 'Epistemology of the Nafs (Soul) in Masnavi' and 'post-Cartesian Thoughts of Spinoza
Robabeh Abbasi Sahebi Hosein Mansoorian Sorkhgarieh Reza ForsatiThis article is a comparative study of the “epistemology of the soul" from the viewpoints of Molāna and Spinoza. Research hypotheses indicate that there are substantial similarities between the mystical attitude of Molāna which is based on the “unity of the MoreThis article is a comparative study of the “epistemology of the soul" from the viewpoints of Molāna and Spinoza. Research hypotheses indicate that there are substantial similarities between the mystical attitude of Molāna which is based on the “unity of the existence” and Spinoza's believe in “the unity of the essence”. Despite Spinoza's adherence to the rationalism of Descartes, he had, unlike pluralist Descartes, a unitarian look in the field of the “essence of the existence”, that had common features with Molāna thoughts in Masnavi Ma’navi. For this reason, bearing in mind the hypothesis that nafs, is theoretically as well as practically, distinct from the soul, Spinoza's trans- cartesian attitudes in epistemology of the soul became the subject of comparison. This research which is in analytic-descriptive method, is done as an interdisciplinary comparative study, both philosophically and mystically, in response to the problems of: what is the nature and origin of the nafs? How can be controlled its insurrections? And what is the degree of the effect of djabr va ikhtyār (fatalism and free will) on the emergence of the selfish appetites? It concluded that there is not significant differences between two attitudes in nature, states and acts of the soul and its levels, restraint manner and the relation of the soul with human will, except in their methodology. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Analysis of the Concept of Freedom in Safadi’s Works and Comparing Them with Sartre
Ahmad Reza Heidarian Shahri Monir ZibaeiExistentialism is a so-called philosophic and literal movement based on personal freedom, responsibility as well as relativism. In this philosophy in which individual is a building block of any positive changes, his fate and freedom are emphasized. Pre MoreExistentialism is a so-called philosophic and literal movement based on personal freedom, responsibility as well as relativism. In this philosophy in which individual is a building block of any positive changes, his fate and freedom are emphasized. Prevalence of this philosophy through literature, led Syrian writers to focus on existentialist thoughts and express such issues as freedom in decision making, choice, responsibility and commitment in literature. Mata Safadi was inclined to this philosophy more than other writers and was affected by Sartre and his existential thoughts especially his revolutionary positions about personal freedom. Thus, Safadi considers human as responsible for his fate and the only constructor of his values who should realize his freedom by relying on his nature. Along this he doesn’t deny relationship with others completely but admit it in a particular framework. He believes that collective commitment doesn’t remove human individuality but only cover his negative traits and existential contradictions. In the present paper it was tried to study the concept of freedom in Safadi’s viewpoint by comparative-analytical method and indicate that to what extent this Syrian writer is affected by Sartre thoughts in his writings in expressing freedom concept and how this effectiveness is manifested in his works. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Transformation and modernity of Allegory in the Theory of Existence Unity and Intuition Unity (Focusing on Sanai and Fakhr al-Din Ibrahim Iraqi’s Masterpieces)
Ali Akhlaghi Maryam MahmoodiThe attitudes of famous mystics, facing epistemological matters and relationship between human being, the Creator, and the universe during eras and times, at any mystic level, differ from one another. Every thinking-mystic attitude is endowed with a particular analysis MoreThe attitudes of famous mystics, facing epistemological matters and relationship between human being, the Creator, and the universe during eras and times, at any mystic level, differ from one another. Every thinking-mystic attitude is endowed with a particular analysis of the mystic and enjoys the exclusive writing methods or special thoughts to express their mystical discoveries, which might have been the results of other famous mystics’ team works. Although investigating mystics’ masterpieces, sayings, and writing structures have many things in common, much attention and evaluation of this piece with the special and pure mystical factors and literary language may provide precise readers with delicate differences regarding vocabulary, imagination, and thoughts. Allegory is considered to be the best mimetic method for the mystics to express more about mystical experiences and in higher levels, mystical-instructional thoughts, which have different structures and images in the two big inclinations of intuition unity and existence unity. By comparing the masterpieces of two mystic poets as the samples of these two mystical thoughts – i.e. Hakim Sanai Ghaznavi and Fakhr al-Din Ibrahim Iraqi – the author has tried to analyze this issue in order to explain and express the same through evidences. Manuscript profile -
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37 - The effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience of mothers with children with intellectual disability
behzad taghipuor rogaye barzegaranThe birth of a child with intellectual disability affectson mothers and place them under multiple stress. The purpose of the research was to examine the effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience mothers of childrenintellectual disability. MoreThe birth of a child with intellectual disability affectson mothers and place them under multiple stress. The purpose of the research was to examine the effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience mothers of childrenintellectual disability. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group the study universe included all mothers with children with intellectual disability who were referred to rehabilitating center in Ardabil city in the year of2017, 30 mothers were selected through the target sampling method and randomly were availability into two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group experienced 8 weeks of Existence therapy, while control group were just followed. Self-compassion Questionnaire (Raes, Pommier, Neff & Van Gucht, 2013) and Resilience Questionnaire (connor& Davidson, 2003) were used in pre-test, post-test and follow up as the study instrument. Data were analyzed by descriptive indices and analysis of covariance. The result of comparing post-test of scores in two group showed that there were significant difference in self-compassion and resilience scores intervention group and the control group (p<0.01). Thus, can be said that of existential group psychotherapy increased self-compassion and resilience scores in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Velayat in Qodsi Hadith and its Effect on Persian literature
Shahrokh mohammad Beigi Albar Sayadkuh Siavash Nariman"Velayat"(saints’ authority) and "Vali" (who has saints’ authority) are the most central words of Islamic culture, especially among Mysticism of Shia. This issue can be found in the oldest Islamic texts to the recent ones. This issue has been considered by Islamic schol More"Velayat"(saints’ authority) and "Vali" (who has saints’ authority) are the most central words of Islamic culture, especially among Mysticism of Shia. This issue can be found in the oldest Islamic texts to the recent ones. This issue has been considered by Islamic scholars and mystics because of the Holy Quran’s attention to it which has also been followed in the speech of the Prophet Muhammad. Velayat position belongs to whom their negative mankind qualities has been disappeared and changed to Divine qualities by Allah. Such people will receive help in fighting against their sensuality by Allah and will receive His support. Allah has chosen them as his own friends. In the article, this topic has been investigated from the Qodsi Hadith (holy Hadith) in mystical books’ point of view, such as Kashfolmahjub, Qeshriyeh paper, Mersadolebad and etc. And the main topics of this paper are as follows Manuscript profile -
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39 - Comparative Study Of Manifestation in Rumis and Shabestaris Monistic Thoughts pertaining Masnavi and Golshan-e-raaz
Hosein Arian Leili Abbassi MontazeriAs we know, Rumi's worldview is based on monism; the fact that the nature of the almighty has manifested in various forms in objects and creatures, has made them the overall mirror of the almighty. Because of the impression of Rumi's school of thought on Shabestari, thi MoreAs we know, Rumi's worldview is based on monism; the fact that the nature of the almighty has manifested in various forms in objects and creatures, has made them the overall mirror of the almighty. Because of the impression of Rumi's school of thought on Shabestari, this concept has entered in his mystical ideology as well. This paper tries to make a comparative study on the concept of 'manifestation', one of the basic concepts on the issue of absolute unity. Our major goal at present and in general is the study of the comparative and contrastive ideas of Rumi and Shabestari against the manifestation of the almighty in objects and creatures. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Sanaees view about" the unity Of Existence
Felor valipour Chahardah cherik Reza ElahimaneshIn investigating viewpoint of Sanaee about "Unity of Existence", locality of God, World and Human in perspective of Sanaee are considered. God is unique Essence that is not dualism- bearer. By view point of Sanaee. He is outstanding, summary of all Existence – worlds an MoreIn investigating viewpoint of Sanaee about "Unity of Existence", locality of God, World and Human in perspective of Sanaee are considered. God is unique Essence that is not dualism- bearer. By view point of Sanaee. He is outstanding, summary of all Existence – worlds and containing ascending and descending arch that target of his creation is the insight of God. He entered from transcendental world (non- existence) to arena of world to reach to insight desert and unity with Right and survival by God. World of Existence also is manifestation Divine glory and shadow of Right (God). Manuscript profile -
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41 - Unity of existence in Mulla Sadra's idea
Afifeh HamediOne of the basic Sadrian mystics and philosophers opinions is the unity of existence .The most important issue in Islamic philosophy that has been discussed after discussion on principality of existence, and caused to form various sects of philosophical and mystical. Mu MoreOne of the basic Sadrian mystics and philosophers opinions is the unity of existence .The most important issue in Islamic philosophy that has been discussed after discussion on principality of existence, and caused to form various sects of philosophical and mystical. Mulla Sadra, the great philosopher of 16th century, also is one of the herald unities of existence. And after Jami is the only one that has become famous in this theory and according to many thinkers, he had been influenced by Ibn arabi. In his great book,( Al-asfar-al Arbae), he regarded existence according to proof, like phahlavi philosophers gradational,(tashkiki) i.e oneness reality that has different degrees .He in the same book(second part of first trip) manifested his final opinion in unity of existence on the basis of talent and mysticism, and has approved the individual unity of existence. So, he has named existence of possibilities ,dependent being. that whole are the reflex of one reality and the thought of independence and multiplicity of them is not real. In the end he has causation to dignity .In this research author has tried to obtain final theory of Mulla Sadra and to show oneness of unity of existence by hikmat-al motaliyah and mystical unity of existence. Manuscript profile -
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42 - A Comparative Analysis of Unity of Existence (Pantheism) from Meister Eckhart and Ibn Arabi Viewpoint
Kambiz SafiieBelieving in Unity of Existence (Pantheism) involves necessarily believing in existentialism. Essentialists argue that things essence and substance are fixed and invariable; and things vary in terms of their essences and truths. Existence or being is subjective and is b MoreBelieving in Unity of Existence (Pantheism) involves necessarily believing in existentialism. Essentialists argue that things essence and substance are fixed and invariable; and things vary in terms of their essences and truths. Existence or being is subjective and is being realized through creation of a substance in outside world or mind. Being could not be true, without realized essences. Also, philosophers argue that essences and truths of things are separate and their unity is subjective. And what are realized are different things and plural essences. The paper analyzes Ibn Arabi and Meister Eckhart’s views on unity of existence. Both of these mystics and thinkers belong to Abrahamic religions, but one of them is a Muslim and the other is a Christian and proponent of roman church. Manuscript profile -
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43 - From God-seeking to Godly Behaving in Shams Maghrebi's Poems
Mohammad Reza Assad Mehdireza i Kamali Baniyan Rezvan DerakhshidehPantheism is of a long history as a perspective with mystical origin whose trace can be followed in ancient India and in the philosophers' thought before Socretes in Greece and Rome. Although in Islamic mysticism, Ibn Arabi is not the first mystic believing in this prin MorePantheism is of a long history as a perspective with mystical origin whose trace can be followed in ancient India and in the philosophers' thought before Socretes in Greece and Rome. Although in Islamic mysticism, Ibn Arabi is not the first mystic believing in this principle, he is the first one who developed and fixed it by introducing this principle in theoretical and mental discussions. Among the poets tending to the theory are Iraqi, Molavi, Attar, etc. Shams Maghrebi is also among the poets paying much attention to the material and Ibn Arabi views. With regard to the fact that the so-called theory is inherently paradoxical and its perception creates a sort of astonishment in the perceiving person's thought and ego, expressing the Maghrebian mystical matters appears vague in the reader's eye. In this article we examined pantheism in Shams Maghrebi's poems and explained its indicators. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Study of Metaphysical Knowledge and Intuition Theory through Plotinus
Gholamreza Rahmani Nazarolah Rahmatolah OfWhat is beyond existence, and superior to everything, and beyond all Being - Whether the true, the intermediate, and the apparent - is not recognizable by the acquired knowledge and the argumentative identification of the human mind, In the sense that the mind and the w MoreWhat is beyond existence, and superior to everything, and beyond all Being - Whether the true, the intermediate, and the apparent - is not recognizable by the acquired knowledge and the argumentative identification of the human mind, In the sense that the mind and the wisdom of man will never be able to acquire or understand the truth, and the essence of the absolute and supernatural nature of the first unit that is above being. In other words, the essence beyond being is not acquired by the knowledge and the logical analogies of human reason. It is only the being that can be the subject of the knowledge of mankind and the essence of the first unit, due to being beyond being and superior to being or existence, is free from the acquired knowledge. Therefore, knowledge is in the realm of the essence of the compound object, rather than in the essence of what is purely extensive or truthful and beyond the infinite Manuscript profile -
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45 - Mystical Descriptions Analysis in Two Works of Avaz Parjebraeel and Rood Ravi by Abootorab Khosravi
Hosniyeh Nejat zade Eidgahi Abolghasem GhavamThe universe and its surroundings are constantly changing. one of the sciences and its frequent changes that has long been known is the science of mysticism. As the intellectual and spiritual power of man develops, the bases of knowledge of truth and existence are trans MoreThe universe and its surroundings are constantly changing. one of the sciences and its frequent changes that has long been known is the science of mysticism. As the intellectual and spiritual power of man develops, the bases of knowledge of truth and existence are transformed. Abootorab is one of the Contemporary authors who look at the category of mysticism from the perspective of the contemporary man. The way of cognition, discovery, intuition and Happiness of achieving, as a matter of fact, it's the basis of mysticism that are analyzed and explained differently in the two effects of Avaz parjebraeel and Rood Ravi. The four fundamental themes of "creation", " Unity of existence ", " Myths " and "light and color" are surveyed in both works from the novel perspective. it is important to contemplate his narratives from the direction of mystical commentary and its effect on descriptive tactics. the method of this inquiry is analytic- descriptive.The main question of this study is based on whether by studying the mystical works of Abootorab, it can be found a new Perspective in the context of mysticism and consequently the analysis of different types of descriptive tissue in the text?The results of this study show that the mystical works of Abootorab Khosravi have the ability to provide novel paths of mysticism and analysis of Modern chains of description. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Investigating the Thoughts of Borhanoddin Mohaghegh Termezi
Davood Vaseghi Mehdi Maleksabet Mohammadkazem KahdooiiBorhanoddin Mohaeghegh Termezi is one of the salient features in Islamic mystics and who comprehended the presence of Baha valade balkhi in his youth. He reached the higher degrees of mystics under his support. After the death of Bahaodin, Seyyed took the responsibility MoreBorhanoddin Mohaeghegh Termezi is one of the salient features in Islamic mystics and who comprehended the presence of Baha valade balkhi in his youth. He reached the higher degrees of mystics under his support. After the death of Bahaodin, Seyyed took the responsibility of guiding Molana Jalaledin and he guided him to mystic path and the destruction level in a way that he could tolerate the companionship of the king of lovers- Shams Tabrizi. Deep thinking in his education book reveals that he has great thoughts in mystic path and these thoughts made a huge improvement in the thoughts of great men like Molavi and Soltan valad. He is one of the mystics who understand the unity of existence and the regards multiplicity as invalid. Borhanoddin also knows sanctity as heart recognition with which everything can be a sign of God. Beside this, Seyyed Serdan explains about mortification, invocation of God and observing forty days seclusion which is an obvious reason for his maturity in mystics. In this study, after having a short look at the Borhanoddin’s life path, his most important mystic thoughts will be analyzed. Manuscript profile -
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47 - Explaining the Triple Necessities of Perfect Man from the Ibn Arabi and Allameh Tabatabai
Abdolah Salavati Fatemeh KookaramA long time ago the great thinkers have been attract to recognize the perfect man and find out his aspects in order to follow him. This subject is one of the main pillars Islamic mysticism. The authors intend to begin explaining the necessities for triple from the Ibn A MoreA long time ago the great thinkers have been attract to recognize the perfect man and find out his aspects in order to follow him. This subject is one of the main pillars Islamic mysticism. The authors intend to begin explaining the necessities for triple from the Ibn Arabi and Allameh Tabatabai. The main question of study is that what is the necessity of the perfect man from Ibn Arabi and Allameh Tabatabai? The necessity of the perfect man not only for the human kind, but also it’s for the whole of the world, therefore a human not only for during the path to perfection we need a perfect human, but all of the world for the survival and its retain needs to the perfect man. At first, we studied positions of existence from the Allameh Tabatabai in this study. Then his special attention expressed to the world of the divine names. Allameh knows that each of the creatures is the name of the divine names which between the “the humen” is the comprehensive all of the divine names. According to the approach of Al`asma science of Ibn Arabi, he expresses about the explain God connection, the perfect man and the world. From Ibn Arabi the perfect man is the closest manifestation of God and he says the perfect man is inductor blessing of God`s creature. In addition, Allameh knows the perfect man who is that he reached to the position of the divine province and the creatures follow up from him. His approach based on the Quran verses, intellectual principles and foundation. One of the achievements of this research is the authors in addition to existence necessity of the perfect man, that its often the basis of topics the necessity bearing, the necessity knowledge and the necessity epistem and each of the reasons to prove of the perfect man necessity at world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - A New Way of Proving the Content of Personal Unity of Existence
Vahid Vahed Javan Ali Ghasemi Sajad NikkhooMystics have attempted to prove the theory of "unity of existence" (waḥdat al-wujūd), which is the basis of mysticism, and they have presented various reasons. This paper seeks to elaborate on the meaning and content of the unity of existence in mysticism in order to r MoreMystics have attempted to prove the theory of "unity of existence" (waḥdat al-wujūd), which is the basis of mysticism, and they have presented various reasons. This paper seeks to elaborate on the meaning and content of the unity of existence in mysticism in order to represent a new method in proving the theory of the unity of existence according to the mystics' evidence. This research includes five steps to demonstrate all the content of the personal unity of existence: 1.Absolute existence is absolutely a part of the external realization 2.Existence is necessary by itself 3.Existence is necessary by itself, unit, not pluralistic and doubtful 4.The existence of creatures is not real 5.Creatures are the multiplicities, attributes, things, emersion, and indications of the real existence. In addition, for each one, an argument has been stated and after summarizing, all the content of the unity of existence has been proved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Unity of Existence in Jaami’s and Ibn Al- Arabi’s Thoughts
naser Gharehkhani Najmeh MahyaeiAbd-ul-Rahman Jaami is one of the poets who have been familiar with the works and thoughts of Ibn Arabi and has been influenced by him. One of the poems from Jaami’s ‘Haft Orang’ is the Tuhfat al-Abrar, which is based on the thoughts of Ibn Al-Arabi pa MoreAbd-ul-Rahman Jaami is one of the poets who have been familiar with the works and thoughts of Ibn Arabi and has been influenced by him. One of the poems from Jaami’s ‘Haft Orang’ is the Tuhfat al-Abrar, which is based on the thoughts of Ibn Al-Arabi particularly his ‘Unity of Existence’. Jaami is one of the first poets to provide explanations on the thoughts of Ibn Al- Arabi regarding unity of Existence and has been highly influenced by his thoughts. One of these effects is the oxymoron, i.e., unity and multiplicity, assimilation and dissimilation, the outer and the inner, etc. related to unity of Existence. In the present study, an attempt has been made to show Jaami’s perspective on unity of Existence and its exemplification (tashbih or attributing human characteristics to God) and tanzih (not assigning human features to God or differentiation between God and human), the world and human being, the inner and the outer (appearance, etc.) in the extended poem of Tuhfat al-Abrar. Although Jaami has acted paradoxically in this regard, he seeks to find a unified conclusion in his mind. The results of the present study showed that, he has been under the influence of Ibn Al- Arabi in reaching this conclusion and these two mystics (i.e., Ibn Al- Arabi and Jaami) express their thoughts and ideas paradoxically. Manuscript profile -
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50 - An Account of Hierarchy and Realms of Existence from Allameh Tababaei’s Point of View Based on his Philosophical, Koranic, and Mystical Comments
Leila Afsari seid sadraddin tahery Abdolah SalavatiThis paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names MoreThis paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names and attributes and the universe and the world of revelation and creation, and deliberates on his philosophical, Koranic, and mystical beliefs. What stems from the study of Allameh Tabatabaei’s works is that while making a classifications of the hierarchy of world, he had held three viewpoints, namely philosophical, Koranic, and mystical so that he had three separate classifications due to them. In his philosophical works he points to three realms of wisdom, imagination, and matter and materials, and also in Tafsir Almizan that is interpreted verse by verse, the creatures and realms of existence are classified into the world of revelation and world of creation. However, in his views based on mystical trainings, he has argued over a world that is hierarchically superior to the entire philosophical realms, i.e. the realm of divine names and attributes. Therefore, the writer tries to recognize the consistency or inconsistency of the three viewpoints in addition to the precise description of the perspectives, and compare and study over his Koranic and mystical viewpoints with his philosophical ones. The methods used in this paper are descriptive-analytical together with the reference made to the first hand and library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Perfect Man in Thesis of Shah Nematollah-e- Vali
Aliyeh Akbari Mohammad Hosein Sardaghi Mahsa RoneAs Perfectionism is inherent in human being, paying attention to present a symbol and paradigm of perfect human emerges as an important concept in all of the divine religions and human schools. The perfect ideal human is among the deep-rooted and established topic in Is MoreAs Perfectionism is inherent in human being, paying attention to present a symbol and paradigm of perfect human emerges as an important concept in all of the divine religions and human schools. The perfect ideal human is among the deep-rooted and established topic in Islamic mysticism. Which always have been considered by scholars. This issues along with mono theism principle, from the main core of Islamic mysticism. The present paper through descriptive-analytical approach examines the perfect ideal man in thesis of shah Nematollah-e- Vali. The suggest that he speaks in a detailed and lengthy manner with his Elm-al-Asma’e approach about this topic. He also discusses on intuitive and mystical aspect and then based on inspirational (Vahyani) doctrine. He predicates Elm-al-Asma’e system and through which clarifies the relationship between lord and perfect man and the whole universe. He believes that the perfect human considering Al-Amanat Verse is like a mirror in which God (Allah) observes himself in his being. Because the perfect man is the symbol of divine Asma’e (names) and attributes of God. Perfect man is an intermediate between God and the people. He is the reason of God’s divine grace and help for the world. He is the best and nearest represention of God. So he is the symbol of divine authority (Velayat), A Being-everywhere who is the medium of blessing to all existances in the universe. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Mystical Themes in Divan Fāni Khoei
Katayoun moradiFāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical MoreFāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical mysticism and defends the theory of the unity of existence with different expressions more than any other concept. Then, following the Khorasani and Iraqi style, and following Sana'i, Attar, and Molavi, he performs art in the field of divine love. It also follows the Sufi path by fighting against the ego and pluralistic thought and he looks at Imam Ali (a.s.) from a mystical point of view and gives more importance to poverty as well as death and survival in mystical authorities. It clearly expresses its dependence on Shiite mysticism and draws the philosophy of human life in love for the eternal beloved. For this reason, this wise poet can be considered one of the great Shiite mystics in Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - An Extension of Mixed Monotone Mapping to Tripled Fixed Point Theorem in Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Samuel Aniki Sheidu Momoh -
Open Access Article
54 - Analysis of convergence of solution of general fuzzy integral equation with nonlinear fuzzy kernels
Laleh Hooshangian -
Open Access Article
55 - The aspects eloquence saibs ghazels
mohammadvali mardaniThe whole universe is germinated by a primary being that is the origin of the unity of existence. This axiom is a principal belief in Sufism vision of life. This primary being is incarnated in a vast array of abstractions and revelations; thus; the Holistic vision of Su MoreThe whole universe is germinated by a primary being that is the origin of the unity of existence. This axiom is a principal belief in Sufism vision of life. This primary being is incarnated in a vast array of abstractions and revelations; thus; the Holistic vision of Sufis enables them to discover the primary being as origin of unity of existence through its various manifestations. The Sufis has embarked on a spiritual journey towards an epistemological knowledge of the unity of existence. Saib’s poetry is the story of such a pilgrimage. The present study aimed at investigating Saib’s vision of unity of existence. This data collection in this analytic-descriptive study is done through library research. The findings of the study showed that Saib, holding a vision akin to that of Holistic Sufis, believes in the unity of existence and tries to discover the primary being through pondering on its revelations and embodiments in the Universe. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Effectiveness Of Group Existence Therapy On Anxiety Sensitivity And Psychological Well-Being In Women With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Behzad Taghipuor Rogaye BarzegaranThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group existence therapy on psychological well-being and anxiety sensitivity in women with generalized anxiety disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control gro MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group existence therapy on psychological well-being and anxiety sensitivity in women with generalized anxiety disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group from all generalized anxiety disorder patients visited in Ardabil psychological clinic. 30 patients were selected through the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into two equal experimental and control groups. Participants were selected via structured clinical interview based on disorders axis I. Experimental group was exposed to 8 weeks of existence therapy, while control group received none. GAD Anxiety Inventory, Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1995) and Taylor & Cox anxiety sensitivity Questionnaire (1998) were used in pre-test, post-test and follow up as the study instrument. Data were analyzed by descriptive indices and analysis of covariance. The results showed that there were significant difference in anxiety sensitivity and psychological well-being scores in experimental group and the control group. Thus, based on the findings of this study it could be said that the method of existential group psychotherapy decreased anxiety sensitivity and increased psychological well-being in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Woman: Manifestation of God Beauty in the Existence World
S. H. HossieniThe human being, either man or woman, is the comprehensive and perfect manifestation of the God names and attributions in the four worlds of divinity, dignity, empyrean and temporal universes but God created the woman as His absolute beauty manifestation and the man as MoreThe human being, either man or woman, is the comprehensive and perfect manifestation of the God names and attributions in the four worlds of divinity, dignity, empyrean and temporal universes but God created the woman as His absolute beauty manifestation and the man as His absolute superiority attributions . To maintain and highlight the woman position while introducing the human as the comprehensive and perfect manifestation of the God names and attributions, Islam on the contrary of other human originated schools proposed a set of law and regulations to evolve the woman as the comprehensive manifestation of the God names and most perfect rank of the whole existence world. In such a path, the woman should apply her feminine attributions, beauty and emotional sentiment in accordance to God sage that had been provided to consolidate the family and expand the mercy and friendship. The Islamic laws and regulations in concern to woman affairs had been proposed in benefit of the above mentioned aspirations. Manuscript profile -
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58 - The evoltion of the concept of love in the thought of the Muslim mystics
Tooraj AmiriAbstract; The evoltion of the concept of love in the thought of the Muslim mysticsIn Edifications of love come to mythological teachings and religions. Philosophers, too, spoke of the theories of love. with interest from the teachings of god - human and their loving exp MoreAbstract; The evoltion of the concept of love in the thought of the Muslim mysticsIn Edifications of love come to mythological teachings and religions. Philosophers, too, spoke of the theories of love. with interest from the teachings of god - human and their loving experiences, Points ,mystics have an important insight about their love and its mysteries. ,Rais to love ,inclination, agreed, devotion, in mystical behaviorcan lead to love, According to mystics, whether it is with the consciousness whether or not before or after that, despite the prohibition of love and Inexperience and its problems but because of the knowledge, the natural beauty, mysterious of its being manifestation appeared. Plain lawful mystical love with a sort of mystical understanding Was combined. In evolutionary satiety Slowly it shifted its place to an important Unity of existence. In spite of the Sufis that they had known of the the secret of love But in the course of its reign there was clearly no time to express and the peak of the acme of the thoughts Sufis and a new paradigm emerged in sufism . in this context, the narrative of the roots, the evolution of the concept of love and love n relation to the knowledge in islamic mysticism, comparative analysis has been studied. Keywords: hobb ,love , gnosis, mystics ,unity of existence Manuscript profile -
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59 - Ontology in Attar’s Mystic Contemplation
Mohammad hossein khanmohammadi Mohammad Amir Obaydinya Fahri Omar SolaymanSince the advent of Islamic thought, the theme of “Essence” and “Existence,” their differences, which one is preceding and original and which one is credential and secondary, encloses the most essential philosophical notions and ideas in Islamic MoreSince the advent of Islamic thought, the theme of “Essence” and “Existence,” their differences, which one is preceding and original and which one is credential and secondary, encloses the most essential philosophical notions and ideas in Islamic thoughts. The classifying of two sections of “Existence,” and “Essence” that is introduced by Farabi and Ibn Sina into Islamic philosophy became a branch of traditional, established Scholastic philosophy both in East and West. This two part classification turned into the source of many philosophical subjects and problems in East and West. It included the issue of originality whether the Existence is original and Essence is credential or vice versa: Essence is original and Existence is credential? This issue formed the first and the most essential step in the ontological contemplation among Muslims. Nevertheless the vision of mystics on ontology can be indicated that the Islamic mystics propounded Pantheism in general. They believe that the universe and its components are all the shadow of the origin of Existence who is Almighty, or they are the mirror for the reflection of manifestation of Almighty. Attar is also a mystic and a poet of Monism whose ideology is based on Pantheism. His endorsement of this attitude is quite obvious in his works. This research besides the summery of the ideas and notions of philosophers and mystics on the ontology issue, includes the assessment of the evolution course of this attitude in Attar’s works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Mystical revelation from the point of view of Mulla Sadra and Ibn Arabi
seyed rahmatolla mosavimoghadam Seyed Sajad Sadatizadeh ali sabriThe discussion of discovery and intuition in Islamic epistemology is one of the fundamental and essential issues in the mystic religion; So much so that the foundation of Islamic mysticism is based on revelation and observation of the unseen world. Mystical revelations MoreThe discussion of discovery and intuition in Islamic epistemology is one of the fundamental and essential issues in the mystic religion; So much so that the foundation of Islamic mysticism is based on revelation and observation of the unseen world. Mystical revelations are considered the most important epistemic source of theoretical mysticism as an ontological system. This article tries to first review the types of revelation among mystics, its basic features, its evaluation criteria and the background of revelation in the view of the founders of the Ashraq and Masha school of thought, and also the nature, nature, and levels of revelation in the view of Islamic philosophers and mystics, especially Sadra and Ibn Arabi, in detail; As the founder of transcendental wisdom, Sadra has openly claimed to develop some philosophical issues that are considered to be his special initiatives and has shown his dependence on the great mystic Ibn Arabi. The basic question of this article is whether the method of Mullah Sadra's revelations is like other philosophers and mystics or does he have a special style for himself? We can also pay attention to the question of whether Sadra'i intuition is influenced by Ibn Arabi or not. The findings of the research confirm the fact that Mulla Sadra has developed a tendency and used judgmental and debatable topics in processing taste issues; From this point of view, it is influenced by Ibn Arabi. Manuscript profile -
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61 - Analysis and study of love in Plato's philosophical system
zeinab darvishi farajollah baratiMan is a two-dimensional being that in the natural dimension has needs of seeking the truth and considers truth to be the most beautiful category in the universe and this beauty makes man fall in love with himself and gives meaning to his life and evolves when he reache MoreMan is a two-dimensional being that in the natural dimension has needs of seeking the truth and considers truth to be the most beautiful category in the universe and this beauty makes man fall in love with himself and gives meaning to his life and evolves when he reaches the true lover, so the proposition Love has long been the focus of researchers and writers, because it is one of the motivating and driving forces of human beings. The present research, with an analytical method and document study, seeks to answer this question: "What is Plato's analysis of love and the relationship between love and beauty?" What is cosmology and human excellence?" Love in various works of scholars and thinkers of different sciences and in philosophy from the perspective of Western and Eastern philosophers, including in the worksPlato has been examined and theories about the nature of love, its connection with beauty, the role of love in cosmology and creation, the role of love in philosophical tendencies and the role of love in the advancement and education of man have been discussed.Plato believes that the core of creating love is man's tendency towards beauty and perfection, and beauty is divided into inner and outer beauty, and he considers any kind of evolution and perfection as beauty, therefore, in many cases, he interprets love as beauty, and philosophers introduces them as lovers because they seek the truth. Manuscript profile -
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62 - A Survey of Hazarāt-i Vujūd (the Excellencies of Existence) from the View of Dihlavī and Shankara
zeinab panah Hazarāt-i Vujūd (the excellencies of existence) in the Islamic mysticism of Bīdil Dihlavī- a mystic, poet, and representative of the Indian style- is in a linear and descending system based on the theory of unity of being explained within the framework of the stat More Hazarāt-i Vujūd (the excellencies of existence) in the Islamic mysticism of Bīdil Dihlavī- a mystic, poet, and representative of the Indian style- is in a linear and descending system based on the theory of unity of being explained within the framework of the status of essence, oneness, and uniqueness. Although Bīdil is bought up in India, he is one of the intellectual followers of Muhy id-Dīn ibn Arabī. Shankara is also one of the most notable interpreters of Vedanta’s school or India’s divine philosophy. According to Indian thinking, the four states of Ātman include Jagrat (waking), Swapna (dreaming), Sushupti (deep sleep), and Turiya (unconditional Ātman). These four stages of existence are comparable to Hazarāt-i Vujūd in Islamic mysticism. Using a descriptive-analytic method and library means, the present article makes a comparison between the perspectives of Bīdil and Shankara about the quadruplet worlds of existence. According to the results, the realm of mysticism dealing with the most inner aspects of a human paves the way for a common perception between religious and instinctive instructions of different ethnic groups; and in addition to the similarities between the theories, we can also discern their differences. The most distinction between Hazarāt-i Vujūd in Bīdil’s Islamic mysticism and Shankara’s Indian style is that although both have a linear and descending course, the foundation of Bīdil’s mysticism is based on divinity and genuine oneness of God whereas in Shanka’s Indian mysticism, the emphasis is on Ātman or the real self. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Stability analysis of transverse vibrations of rectangular plates under periodic passage of moving masses
Ehsan Torkan Mostafa Pirmoradian Mohamad HashemianIn this study, stability of transverse vibrations of a simply supported rectangular thin plate under periodic passage of equally-spaced moving masses, by considering all components of the mass inertia in the analysis, is examined. The periodical traverse of masses acros MoreIn this study, stability of transverse vibrations of a simply supported rectangular thin plate under periodic passage of equally-spaced moving masses, by considering all components of the mass inertia in the analysis, is examined. The periodical traverse of masses across the plate results to a linear time-periodic problem. Using Galerkin procedure, the partial differential equation of transverse vibration is transformed to a set of ordinary differential equations. In this study, The Floquet theory is implemented as a numerical method to obtain stable and unstable zones of parameters plane. Applying the strained parameters method as a semi-analytical method, not only certifies the stable and unstable zones resulted by Floquet theory but also clarify the coexistence phenomenon for plate-moving mass system. Numerical simulations of the plate mid-span displacement show the validity of the analytical results obtained by two methods. Manuscript profile -
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64 - The Nature and Legitimacy of White Wedding
Jafar Arjomand Danesh Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ayati Asghar ArabianWhite wedding is one of the most common contracts in human society. Marriage in the west is a private and personal relationship and when a woman and a man live under a roof without marriage, even if without the intention or formal and legally registration, live together MoreWhite wedding is one of the most common contracts in human society. Marriage in the west is a private and personal relationship and when a woman and a man live under a roof without marriage, even if without the intention or formal and legally registration, live together and get home, is called as "white wedding". This kind of life is one of the most common ways in the West. In Islam, white wedding is one of the new challenges in Iranian society. Although this relationship has a beautiful title but it implies to an illegitimate relationship and as distant to dignity of Muslim, for it is not a marriage with legal duties. In Islam, the relationship between men and women is marriage when it stands on Islamic rules or legal statutes based on legitimate marriage. White wedding is not considered as a marriage not only in terms of Shia`s jurisprudence, but also in all Islamic religions. It is an obvious crime and prohibited. In this research, which is based on descriptive and analytical method, we study the nature and legitimacy, void reasons and the factors of the tendency towards this type of marriage or relationship, and the ways to prevent its occurrence. Manuscript profile -
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65 - Analysis for Quadrupled Fixed Point of Contractive-Type Multi-Valued Operators
Samuel Aniki -
Open Access Article
66 - Architecture Cognition in Conformity Methodology of Interpretation and Levels of Existence
siamak panahi roya sedighi Manouchehr Foroutan Seid Mousa DibadjThis research deals with the cognition of architecture in conformity methodology of interpretation and levels of existence derived from Hekmat Sadraei. By thinking in the form of a human paradigm in which human is defined as the width of humanity, the method as the widt MoreThis research deals with the cognition of architecture in conformity methodology of interpretation and levels of existence derived from Hekmat Sadraei. By thinking in the form of a human paradigm in which human is defined as the width of humanity, the method as the width of the methodology and the values as the width of the human essence in his entire territory without the need for the contractual boundaries of knowledge. The research method is logical reasoning in the interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach and the method of data collection is library-documentary. Assuming that the understanding of architecture relies on the existing experiences and the meaning system of social structures, from grammatical interpretation to the reconstruction of mental processes and introspective psychology, and from sociological reflections to the interpretation of products. A culture corresponding to the audience's level of knowledge can be identified; It shows that the knowledge of doubt in man, which according to the teachings of Hikmat Sadra is caused by his existence, requires different methods in understanding architecture. All strategies are indirectly related to each other in stages and levels of examining observable or unobservable phenomena, which cause interference of paradigm boundaries. Therefore, depending on what we are looking for in the understanding of architecture, we understand and understand architecture in ways that are appropriate to the set goal. Manuscript profile -
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67 - Architecture Cognition in Conformity Methodology of Interpretation and Levels of Existence
Siamak panahi Roya seddighi seyed mosa dibaj manoochehr froutanThis research deals with the cognition of architecture in conformity methodology of interpretation and levels of existence derived from Hekmat Sadraei. By thinking in the form of a human paradigm in which human is defined as the width of humanity, the method as the widt MoreThis research deals with the cognition of architecture in conformity methodology of interpretation and levels of existence derived from Hekmat Sadraei. By thinking in the form of a human paradigm in which human is defined as the width of humanity, the method as the width of the methodology and the values as the width of the human essence in his entire territory without the need for the contractual boundaries of knowledge. The research method is logical reasoning in the interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach and the method of data collection is library-documentary.Assuming that the understanding of architecture relies on the existing experiences and the meaning system of social structures, from grammatical interpretation to the reconstruction of mental processes and introspective psychology, and from sociological reflections to the interpretation of products. A culture corresponding to the audience's level of knowledge can be identified; It shows that the knowledge of doubt in man, which according to the teachings of Hikmat Sadra is caused by his existence, requires different methods in understanding architecture. All strategies are indirectly related to each other in stages and levels of examining observable or unobservable phenomena, which cause interference of paradigm boundaries. Therefore, depending on what we are looking for in the understanding of architecture, we understand and understand architecture in ways that are appropriate to the set goal. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Critical Discourse Analysis of the Political Novel, “Unsecured Existence”
Mostafa Gorji Hassan Abniki -
Open Access Article
69 - Transcendent Wisdom Patterns for Political Science
Mohammad Pezeshgi -
Open Access Article
70 - Analysis of the concept of wine in the poems of Sadr al-Motealehin Shirazi
saeed mohammadi kishSadr al-Din Muhammad bin Ebrahim Qavam Shirazi or Molasadra, is a divine sage and philosopher, mystic and poet of the 11th century AH and the founder of transcendental wisdom. In his Masnavi, he has expressed some mystical, philosophical and ruling opinions. The aim of MoreSadr al-Din Muhammad bin Ebrahim Qavam Shirazi or Molasadra, is a divine sage and philosopher, mystic and poet of the 11th century AH and the founder of transcendental wisdom. In his Masnavi, he has expressed some mystical, philosophical and ruling opinions. The aim of the current research is to investigate the attitude of the poet in expressing the term May with various interpretations, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way. From the findings of this research, we can refer to the concepts of May in this Masnavi. Mulla Sadra calls for the flame whose fire is like a burning flame and can erase the mystic's ego in the stage of annihilation in God. According to Mulla Sadra, the perfect mystic is in the fire of love, freed from the ego and intoxicated to observe the mysteries. is achieved When he is not drunk, he does not consider the possibility of an independent and separate existence. It is because the heart is the eternal place of his spiritual light, just as the dark house of the heart has been transformed into a glade of meanings due to the light of that wind. The wine that Sadrul Matalhin wants is the wine of knowledge of the negation of existence and lack of validity, and by drinking it, the mystic realizes the knowledge of absolute existence, which is indeed the secret of unity. Manuscript profile -
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71 - Abdelkader El Djezairi: The Brave Mystic and the Founder of Resistance Poetry of Algeria
Nazanin Farzad Abdolhosein FarzadFrom the first centuries of Islam, many great Sufis have been involved in protecting the borders of Islamic territories to stand against the enemy attack. During the Timurid and Safavid periods, Sufis, as one of the most important forces against social injustice, abando MoreFrom the first centuries of Islam, many great Sufis have been involved in protecting the borders of Islamic territories to stand against the enemy attack. During the Timurid and Safavid periods, Sufis, as one of the most important forces against social injustice, abandoned seclusion and were directly involved in political affairs. In recent centuries, when European colonialists invaded and occupied Islamic countries, especially North Africa, many leaders of the resistance movements were piouses and Sufi masters. Algeria was under the brutal rule of the French for nearly a century and a half (1830-1962). Among warriors in Algeria, it must be pointed to Abd-el-Kader El Djezairi who was a prominent poet, mystic, warrior and outstanding politician that even his enemies admired his chivalry. In the present article, the thoughts of Abd-el-Kader Djezairi as the first resistance poet-mystic of Algeria in 19th and early 20th centuries are studied. One of the important parts of Abd-el-Kader's mysticism is uprising against cruelty and injustice. In other word, the mysticism of Amir Abd-el-Kader El Djezairi is a bravery and revolutionary mysticism. Manuscript profile -
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72 - Criteria for determining the types of invalidity of contracts in Iranian and French law
Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Karim Pour AlehashemField and Aims: The present work has delved into the field of discovering a scientific-applied method to detect and determine the types of nullity (absolute, relative and non-existence) of the contract in the laws of Iran and France. In the laws of these two countries, MoreField and Aims: The present work has delved into the field of discovering a scientific-applied method to detect and determine the types of nullity (absolute, relative and non-existence) of the contract in the laws of Iran and France. In the laws of these two countries, in order to distinguish the types and examples of invalidity, three general criteria are used: "Conditions of the validity of the contract", " uninforceability " and "Public interests versus private interests" and the latter criterion is the main criterion for selection and entered into the civil law. France has also become new. Considering the inadequacy of the mentioned criteria, the purpose of the present research was to discover a regular and new method to determine and recognize the types of invalidity in the laws of these two countries.Methodology: The research was done in a descriptive-analytical way and the information was collected in a library way.Findings and Conclusions: While examining the concept and examples of the above three criteria, this article has first turned away from the criterion of " uninforceability " on the occasion of its independence against the guarantee of "Nullity" implementation; Secondly, it has not recognized any of the above criteria as a general criterion for recognizing the type of invalidity; Thirdly, instead of the dominant criterion, he liked the criterion of "public order versus private and public interest"; Fourthly, he has proposed new criteria such as "rules of commandment", "reason", "customs of commandment" and "justice"; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Thematic criticism of Eight Books in centrality of inner emptiness till the ascension point of Sepehri
Zahra Taghavi FardoudStudying Sohrab Sepehri's poems thematically has placed him among phenomenology poets. He opens the initial doors by the means of turning his unique and passionate viewpoint about natural phenomena toward his own existence perception as well as conveying a meaning to th MoreStudying Sohrab Sepehri's poems thematically has placed him among phenomenology poets. He opens the initial doors by the means of turning his unique and passionate viewpoint about natural phenomena toward his own existence perception as well as conveying a meaning to those phenomena; and he removes the distinction between subject and object in the path of union with environment. However the content discussed in this article is not only corresponding Sepehri's poems with principles of phenomenology. Because this topic has been favored and followed by some investigators before. The author moreover to studying widely Sepehri's poems from the prospective of phenomenology, tries to study epistemology and finally mysticism. In every stage that poet comes to an understanding of phenomena, his soul feels a wider inner emptiness. Sepehri feels the necessity of seeking for his self in himself by believing in the existence of phenomena and he becomes united with himself in the center of nature as a narcissus in order to distribute an emptiness, beyond which a high existence is hidden and detecting that existence propels him to filling that emptiness. As much as the poet feels more emptiness, one step more is taken; therefore more forces are injected to his wings in the path of flying toward pure existence. This leads the self of the poet to nothingness and makes him properly empty that retrieves the mere soul in his inside and finalizes his Cogito –self-awareness-. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - God in Meditations on First Philosophys Descartes
seeyed mostafa shahraeiniWhat we seek to show in the present paper is that although Descartes throughout his masterpiece, Meditations on First Philosophy, speaks of God, by this, he does not reveal one but only a redefinition of God for reaching a new idea of Him upon which he tries to build hi MoreWhat we seek to show in the present paper is that although Descartes throughout his masterpiece, Meditations on First Philosophy, speaks of God, by this, he does not reveal one but only a redefinition of God for reaching a new idea of Him upon which he tries to build his system of knowledge. In his arguments for God, he seeks not to establish His existence like scholastics but only tries to prove God from a new idea of Him. In Meditations, the two main goals can be traced in parallel: First, to establish the new Cartesian system based on the redefinition of man, God, and the world; Second to do philosophy by avoiding challenging with Church to the extent that if philosophy cannot be done unless through this challenge, undoubtedly it must be stopped. The former goal is not principal while the latter is marginal, since no philosophy can be done when there is any fear of challenge and clash with others. The author tries to redefine God so that his subjectivism and the autonomy of thinking ‘I’ can be developed. At the same time, he cannot but speak of this redefined God in a scholastic Christian language in order to cause no hostility from the Church against the book. In spite of the fact that he, in Meditations, speaks of the existence of God and proves it, he does this task by recourse to the Idea of God and neglecting the external God. Descartes only tries to present a new definition of God that satisfies his system’s needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Reconstruction of the argument from illusion for the theory of mental existence in the light of the arguments for the sense data theory
fatemeh mirrahimi mohammad saeedi mehr Omid KarimzadehOne of the leading theories of perception in the ontology of the Islamic philosophy is the theory of mental existence. A variety of arguments have been offered for the mental existence which are mainly based on our cognition of non-existents. The sense-data theory seems MoreOne of the leading theories of perception in the ontology of the Islamic philosophy is the theory of mental existence. A variety of arguments have been offered for the mental existence which are mainly based on our cognition of non-existents. The sense-data theory seems to have many similarities with the theory of mental existence. The argument from illusion is the best-known and most historically influential argument for the existence of sense-data. This argument turns on an endorsement of the phenomenal principle and relational principle. The present article, after briefly reviewing these two theories and expressing their similarities and differences, first analyzes the argument of sense data which are established on illusion. Then, two new arguments for the theory of mental existence would be offered by using two principles of “presence” and “dependency”. According to the presence principle, the object of knowledge is present (exists) for the subject. But when one is subject to an illusion, the object does not actually exist in the external world and thus, it must exist in the mind. Also the dependency principle implies that the object (as far as it is dependent to subject) actually exists and thus, in the case of illusion, since the object does not exist in the external world, it must enjoy mental existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Evolution of Mulla Sadra's View of the Role of Nature in Epistemology
Fatemeh Kookaram Amirhossein Mansouri Nouri Mohsen Shams Einallah KhademiOne of the important issues of epistemology is the question of subjective existence and how it is adapted to objective truths. Muslim scholars believe that one must play the role of intermediary. Reflecting on Mulla Sadra's works, we find that she paid close attention t MoreOne of the important issues of epistemology is the question of subjective existence and how it is adapted to objective truths. Muslim scholars believe that one must play the role of intermediary. Reflecting on Mulla Sadra's works, we find that she paid close attention to this issue and did not offer a unified view of this research question. Mulla Sadra, in the first place, like most other scholars, believed that nature plays the intermediary role between subjective and objective truths, and that his nature is the specific meaning - the motive in our answer. " The authors believe that Sadr al-Mutallah has departed from this theory in the second step and has stated her particular theory that the purpose of conforming the mind to the same is to objectively conform the supreme existence of the essence to its particular existence. In this approach, Mulla Sadra distinguishes between the ascertained by the real and the self-conscious, and the emergent by the emergent for the perceptual powers of the self, and believes that in this approach the mode of existence is different, one being strong (external) and the other being. Poor, not in nature. Based on five reasons - Mulla Sadra's view of the nature, rational perception, substance movement, authenticity and form of existence - the authors believe that the second theory is more compatible with Mulla Sadra's philosophical system and can be referred to as Sadra's final theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Explanation of the most consistent pattern of Sadra's existence Gradation with MullaSadra's epistemological foundations based on grounded theory
zohre zarei Qudratollah qorbani rasoul rasoulpour Mohamad saeedimehrGradation of being as one of the basic principles of Sadra's metaphysics has played an important role in refining and explaining the structure of transcendental wisdom and brought requirements and results in the field of ontology and epistemology. Considering that there MoreGradation of being as one of the basic principles of Sadra's metaphysics has played an important role in refining and explaining the structure of transcendental wisdom and brought requirements and results in the field of ontology and epistemology. Considering that there are different perceptions of Gradation in transcendental theosophy and different conceptual patterns of it can be drawn, which if attributed any of them to Mulla Sadra, his epistemological views will be affected. It is fundamental in nature, explaining the most consistent model of Sadra's Gradation with his epistemological foundations is based on the method of grounded theory. The methodology of the text has descriptive-analytical nature and while using library documents and resources and interviewing several experts, contextual, causal, intervening and epistemological implications of the two models were designed and studied. Samples were selected through purposive sampling and the information obtained was coded and analyzed by using the grounded theory method. Findings showed that the pattern of Gradation in levels and the pattern of Gradation in manifestations, with differences in underlying, causal and intervening factors, have the same epistemological requirements and results.s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Effect’s Need for a Cause in Avicenna’s Viewpoint
مهدی نجفی افراFrom Avicenna’s viewpoint, the contingency is the cause of effect’s need for a cause. But he has not meant the contingency which is equally related to existence and non-existence. Instead, by the contingency he has meant the contingent whose existence become MoreFrom Avicenna’s viewpoint, the contingency is the cause of effect’s need for a cause. But he has not meant the contingency which is equally related to existence and non-existence. Instead, by the contingency he has meant the contingent whose existence becomes necessary upon the existence of its cause. So he believed that not only inception (huduth) is not able to justify effect’s need for a cause in the continuance, but it cannot make clear its need in coming to existence. Therefore, he insists on existence strictly as an essential factor of effect’s need for a cause, the existence which acquires its necessity through its cause. This expression is very close to Mulla Sadra’s viewpoint on existential contingency even both are the same. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Existence from the Viewpoint of Shaikh Ishrāq
عزیزاله افشار کرمانیFrom Suhrawardī’s viewpoint, what is actualized in the external reality is called ipseity (huwiyya). The ipseity is the same as individuation. When these things come to mind they will be divided into two intellectual concepts, i.e. existence (wudjūd) and quiddity MoreFrom Suhrawardī’s viewpoint, what is actualized in the external reality is called ipseity (huwiyya). The ipseity is the same as individuation. When these things come to mind they will be divided into two intellectual concepts, i.e. existence (wudjūd) and quiddity (māhiyya). Suhrawardī believes that existence, quiddity and other philosophical concepts are intellectual abstractions. In the actual world there is no otherness or distinction between these philosophical concepts and ipseity, and all of these philosophical concepts are the means of intellectual analysis of reality, so any distinction leads to infinite regress. Therefore, Suhrawardī believes in realism or fundamental reality of ipseity and from his viewpoint ipseity is a relative concept, just like existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Pantheism from the Viewpoints of Rumi and Spinoza: a Comparative Study
مهناز صفائی هوادرق علی اصغر حلبیPantheism is one of the broadest concepts in the history of thought which can be traced back to the ancient times. Therefore, reaching a consensus about its true meaning is not an easy task. However, for improving our understanding about the pantheist thinkers it appear MorePantheism is one of the broadest concepts in the history of thought which can be traced back to the ancient times. Therefore, reaching a consensus about its true meaning is not an easy task. However, for improving our understanding about the pantheist thinkers it appears necessary to deal with this concept comparatively. This article tries to survey the views of Rumi and Spinoza, two great thinkers of the history of thought, on knowledge and the ways of gaining it. It also tries to compare Rumi’s transcendental pantheism with Spinoza’s monistic pantheism, which apparently seem different, and enumerate their similarities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - A comparative epistemological study of Existence and Quiddity in Transcendent Wisdom and Noumenon and Phenomenon in Critical philosophy
Ghasem Kakaei Mohammad Bonyani Marzieh Etemadi farEpistemology is one of the most important issues in philosophy. Since the principle issue of Transcendent Wisdom is the principality of existence, response to this question depends on the principality of existence. According to the principality of existence, existence i MoreEpistemology is one of the most important issues in philosophy. Since the principle issue of Transcendent Wisdom is the principality of existence, response to this question depends on the principality of existence. According to the principality of existence, existence is real and principal in the external world and quiddity is derivative. According to Mulla Sadra’s opinion the reality of existence does not come in mind, so the conformity of subject to object in his philosophy refers to the issue of quiddity and existence. We can elicit two meanings of principality from Mulla Sadra’s opinion that each of them leads to different conclusions and conformity of subject to object is different from each other in both meanings. According to Kant subject does not correspond to object, because what is in our mind which is known to us, is only the Phenomenon and manifestation of objects and our mind cannot know the reality of objects. In this way, corresponding of subject with object in Kant’s philosophy refers to Noumenon and Phenomenon. To investigate these two approaches, we decided to compare existence in its different meanings with Noumenon and also quiddity in its meanings with Phenomenon. Being in some aspects is similar to psychological meaning of noumenon, but the being is more general than noumenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A comparative Study of Secularism from the Perspective of Turkish, American and French Thinkers: With Emphasis on the Justice and Development Party of Turkey
Mehdi Lakzi Masoud GhaffariAbstract Turkey, since its establishment by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, put one of bases and fundamental principle of its governmental system on the basis of secularism. One of the key factors of secularism in modern Turkey's Ottoman legacy is that government would supervis MoreAbstract Turkey, since its establishment by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, put one of bases and fundamental principle of its governmental system on the basis of secularism. One of the key factors of secularism in modern Turkey's Ottoman legacy is that government would supervise on religion institutionally. By establishment of Republic in 1923, the state defined its interest basis on secularization and various sectarian groups. The victory of AKP in November 2002 elections, as an Islamic party, has raised important questions about the future of secularism and Islamism in the country. The main characteristics of Turkish secularism is different from American and French one and Turkish people interprets the concept not only on basis of separation between government and religion but elimination of religion from public sphere. The major controversy in Turkey is about the definition of secularism and freedom of religion that resulted from fundamental principles such as the role of religion and government. The study of existing literature about Turkey shows the earlier researches mainly emphasize issues such as security, democracy and process of Turkey joining the Europe Union, and it seems they ignored the Islamists' approaches towards their concepts and identity, especially towards secularism. Accordingly, the authors would try to answer the following questions: what is the AKP' stance on secularism, as an Islamic party? The findings of article suggest the AKP intended to separate the religion from government by accepting the secularism as a governance model in order to guarantee the religious freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Sociological study of young people's approach to cohabitation and emerging coexistences (Case study: Tehran city)
Nahid Hosseini seyed Mohamad seyed mirzaei bagher saokhaniEmerging cohabitation or cohabitation is a way of life without marriage and formal marriage, and in recent years in Iran and scattered research has been done about it. The aim of this study was to investigate the semantic approach of young people towards companionship a MoreEmerging cohabitation or cohabitation is a way of life without marriage and formal marriage, and in recent years in Iran and scattered research has been done about it. The aim of this study was to investigate the semantic approach of young people towards companionship and is done with a qualitative method of thematic analysis. Data collection tools are semi-structured interviews with individuals and focus groups. The analysis of textual data was performed by the technique of coding qualitative methods and the validity of the research was examined in accordance with the agreement of the coders and based on the Berlakat research procedure. The two main approaches, positive and negative, are the result of this analysis, both of which are based on a kind of Weberian rationality. In other words, people with a negative approach to this phenomenon due to religious, cultural, legal, normative and ultimately irrational contradictions, based on value-oriented rationality, choose the rejection and action of values. The second group, however, considers it a rational choice for reasons such as role-playing and avoiding the problems of marriage and possibly the bitter experience of divorce. It is the culmination of a formal and gender-oriented rationality. But the strategy of this intelligent group and action depends on the cultural reproduction of the phenomenon and its culture in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Local Existence and Blow Up of Solutions for a System of Viscoelastic Wave Equations of Kirchhoff Type with Delay and Logarithmic Nonlinearity
Mahammad Khuddush Kapula Rajendra Prasad Bharathi Botta -
Open Access Article
85 - Studying the Culture of Co-existence of the King and Social Classes in The Sayasat Nameh and The Nasihato Moluk
Maryam Maysami Maryam Amir ArjomandAbstract To the world which is always seeking peace and tranquility, co-existence has special importance. Interaction and the life of two people, two groups, the individual of a society even two countries with different races and be MoreAbstract To the world which is always seeking peace and tranquility, co-existence has special importance. Interaction and the life of two people, two groups, the individual of a society even two countries with different races and beliefs, far from strife and war, were ideal for lots of politicians and writers and creating such society has led to offering theories to create utopia. By studying The Siarol Molk from Khajeh Nezamol Molk and The Nasihatol Moluk from Imam Mohammad Ghazzali one can deduce that this subject was very valuable for these two clear-thinkers; and in this way the role of the Saljuq king, in the matter of injunction, cannot be overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the culture of co-existence from the view point of Saljuq Sagacious minister Khajeh Nezamol Molk and mystic teacher of the same era Emam Mohammad Ghazzali and their interaction with the king and the social classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The impact of China's historical principles and foundations and Historical backgrounds on its foreign policy
Jamil Hassanpourچکیده با توجه به اینکه افراد و نخبگانسیاسی دارای اصول نسبتا ثابت فکری هستند ، لذا مبانی فکری و فلسفی آنان و ارزش ها و عناصر فرهنگی یک جامعه مطمئنا در شکل گیری دیدگاههای سیاست خارجی اشان تاثیر گذار خواهد بود. لذا شناخت مبانی فکری و اندیشه فلسفی رهبران ونخبگان سیاسی می ت Moreچکیده با توجه به اینکه افراد و نخبگانسیاسی دارای اصول نسبتا ثابت فکری هستند ، لذا مبانی فکری و فلسفی آنان و ارزش ها و عناصر فرهنگی یک جامعه مطمئنا در شکل گیری دیدگاههای سیاست خارجی اشان تاثیر گذار خواهد بود. لذا شناخت مبانی فکری و اندیشه فلسفی رهبران ونخبگان سیاسی می تواند در بررسی سیاست خارجی هر کشوری مثمر ثمر باشد. با این اوصاف می توان گفت، پیوند میان متغیرهای فرهنگی و سیاست خارجی از سه طریق مطالعه اعتقادات و اسطوره ها، تصاویر و برداشتها و در نهایت عادات و ایستارها مورد بررسی قرار داد. و این فرهنگ است که از طریق باورها، اسطوره ها، قواعد وهنجارها بر اندیشه و رفتار سیاستمداران اثر می گذارد. لذا در خصوص جمهوری خلق چین به عنوان مطالعه موردی این سوال مطرح است که آیا زمینه های تاریخی و مبانی فکری حاصل از اندیشه های کنفسیوس و دیگر اندیشه های رایج در این کشور بر سیاست خارجی این کشور تاثیرگذار بوده است و یا خیر .و در صورت ایفای نقش ، این اثرگذاری را در کدام بخش از سیاست خارجی این کشور می توان مشاهده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Love from Mowlana’s Point of view
Shirin BayaniMowlana’s mystical and philosophical views overall are based upon one principle and that is unity of existence (wahdat al-wujud). The pillars of this principle are as follows: being and non- being, unity and separation, conflict, and Perfect man. MoreMowlana’s mystical and philosophical views overall are based upon one principle and that is unity of existence (wahdat al-wujud). The pillars of this principle are as follows: being and non- being, unity and separation, conflict, and Perfect man. The present article focuses on love regarded in the philosophy of unity of existence as the foundation of Gnosticism and Asctecism. Mowlana regards love as the essence of all improvements and magnanimities. Ayn al-Qozat-e Hamadani believes that love is the intermediary between the lover and the beloved, joining them together. Mowlana believes God is the main axis of love and the world is regarded as orbits, connected to and dependent on it. Mowlana’s Masnavi begins and ends with love. Manuscript profile
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