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Open Access Article
1 - Fazlur Rahman’s Historical Approach to the Qur’an; A Descriptive-Analytic Study
Mehrdad AbbasiFazlur Rahman (d. 1988) can be regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in the twentieth century. Rahman's modern approach to the Qur'an is the base of his reform thoughts and in his Quranic studies, history has a particular place. Rahman's approach to the Qur'a MoreFazlur Rahman (d. 1988) can be regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in the twentieth century. Rahman's modern approach to the Qur'an is the base of his reform thoughts and in his Quranic studies, history has a particular place. Rahman's approach to the Qur'an, based on the history and has reflected in his understanding of the nature of Qur'anic revelation, his view on the method of Qur'anic interpretation as well as his perspective on the methodology of Qur'anic studies. In this article, the significance of Rahman historical view on those three fields and its results have been illustrated. In his exposition on the nature of revelation, Rahman has emphasized on the circumstances of Prophet's era, proposing the “double movement” theory for Qur'anic exegesis in modern time and has defended of historical critic approach against literary analysis in Qur'anic studies. Aghaei, Seyyed Ali, “Kitab-shināsī-yi Faḍl al- Raḥmān”, Madrisa, Vol. 2, No, 4, 1385/ 2006, pp. 101- 94. Barlas, Asma, “Bāz- Khawānī-yi Matn-i Muḳaddas az Manẓar-i Zanān, Tafsīr-i Āmina Wadūd az Ḳurān”, (Quran and woman: rereading the sacred text from a womans perspective), Trans. Mehrdad Abbasi & Matinah Sadat Mousavi, Ayina-yi Pazhūhish, Vol. 24, No. 139, 1392/ 2013, pp.32-21. Jahanbakhsh, Forough, “Mudirnīst-yi Muʿtadil, Iḥyā- Gar-yi Akhlāḳ- Garā”, Interview with Saeed Shahab, Madrisa, Vol. 2, No. 4, Mihr 1385/ September 2006, pp. 85-81. Hallaq, Wael, Tārīkh-i Tiūrī- hā-yi Huḳūḳī-yi Islāmī: Muḳaddama- iy bar Uṣūl-i Fiḳh-i Sunnī(A History of Islamic Legal Theories), Trans. Muhammad Rasekh, Tehran, Nashr-i Niy, 1386/ 2007. Ibid, “Fiqh wa Ḳuʾrān”, Trans. Mehrad Abbasi, Editor in chief: McAuliffe Jane Dammen, Dāiratul- maārif-i Ḳurān, Khandaghabadi & Others (as supervisor), Tehran, Intishārāt-i Ḥikmat, Vol. 4, Forthcoming. Rippin, Andrew, “Taḥlīl-i Adabī-yi Ḳuʾrān, Tafsīr wa Sīra: Nigāhī ba Rawish- Shināsī-yi John Wansbrough”, Trans. Morteza Karimi- Nia, Pazhūhish- hā-yi Ḳurānī, No. 23 -24, 1379/ 2001- 2000, pp. 217- 190. Madrisa, Vol. 2, No. 4, Mihr 1385/ September 2006, pp. 76- 71. Abbasi, Mehrdad, “Khalḳ-i Ḳuʾrān”, Dar Dānish- Nāma-yi Djahān-i Islām, Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (as supervisor),Vol. 16, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Kitāb Mardja, 1390/ 2011. Elmi, Muhammad- Jafar, “Barrisī wa Naḳd-i Naẓarī-yi Faḍl al- Raḥmān Dar Bāz- Sāz-yi Idjtihād Dar Dīn”, Political Science, No. 37, Spring 1386/ 2007, pp. 124- 71. Faḍl al- Raḥmān, “Shudjāʿat-i Iymān Dāshtan”, Trans. Muhammad Eskandari, Kiyān, Vol. 10, No. 52, July & August 1379/ 2000/ pp. 37-39. Ibid, “Islām wa Mudirnnīta”, Trans. Abolfazl Valazadeh, Madrisa, Vol. 2, No. 4, September 1385/ 2006, pp. 93- 90. Madelung, Wilferd, “Rīsha- hā- yi Nizāʿ Darbāra-yi Khalḳ-i Ḳuʾrān”, Dar Maktab- hā wa Firḳa- hā- yi Islāmī dar Sada-hā-yi Miyyānih, Trans. Javad Ghasemi, (2st. ed.), Mashhad 1378/ 1999, pp. 123- 150. Wielandt, Rotraud, “Djaryān Shināsī-yi Tafāsīr-i Ḳuʾrān dar Dawra-yi Muʿāṣir”, Trans. Mehrdad Abbasi, Ayina-yi Pazhūhish, Vol. 15, No. 2, May & June 1383/ 2004. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Review on Zanȃn-i- Khȃndȃn-i- ‘Asr-i-Tiymûrȋ (The Women of TimårÊd Dynasty)
Seyyed Hadi ZabihiAlthough the Timurid period is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran, it has been less studied. One of the neglected fields of research of this period is the study of the status and role of Timurid women. The book The Women of Timurid Dynasty is a boo MoreAlthough the Timurid period is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran, it has been less studied. One of the neglected fields of research of this period is the study of the status and role of Timurid women. The book The Women of Timurid Dynasty is a book that deals with this topic and is therefore praiseworthy. The present review is organized in two parts: firstly, an overview of the book chapters and secondly general imperfections of the book which includes: incorrect way of using sources and references, overcoming of feminist view and contradiction, lack of attention to details, lack of definitive analysis and obvious comments and Incorrect historical claims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Bound state solutions and thermal properties of the N-dimensional Schrödinger equation with Varshni plus Woods-Saxon potential via Nikiforov-Uvarov method
Ridha Horchani Safa Al-Shafii Noora Al-Hashimi Akpan Ikot Ituen Okon Uduakobong Okorie Carlos Duque Enoch Oladimeji -
Open Access Article
4 - An Analytical Study on the Principle of Unity in Historical Neighborhoods (Case study: Sarshoor Neighborhood, Mashhad City, Iran)
Amidoleslam Saghatoleslami -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of rheological behavior of Marshmallow seed (Althaea officinalis) mucilage under different temperature, concentration, and shear rate conditions
Shima Moazzezi Amir Hossein Elhamirad Leila Nateghi Mohammad Hossein Haddad Khodaparast Fatemeh Zarei -
Open Access Article
6 - Divine Names and Attributes from the Muslim Theologians' View
Mohammad Javad Shams"Divine names and attributes" is one of the most important, andperhapes polemic and contentious topics in Islamic theology which isposed under divine unity subject.The first question rised for theologians after demonstration of God'sexistense was on His qualities and at More"Divine names and attributes" is one of the most important, andperhapes polemic and contentious topics in Islamic theology which isposed under divine unity subject.The first question rised for theologians after demonstration of God'sexistense was on His qualities and attributes. In Quran and tradition,some names and attributes of God are mentioned, but there is anemphasis on God's transcendence too; therefore this question has beenalways posed for theologians that how is the alliance between essenceand attributes? Are attributes the very essence or other than it? Areattributes pre- existent or created?Theologians, accoding to their theological tendencies have answered tothese questions differently and even antithetically. They have providedseveral theories such as : identity, otherness, and vicarship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Development of Islamic Studies in the West
raoof nosratian Shahram PazoukiThis article examines the tumultuous history of Islamic studies in the West, which sheds light on current views and interactions between Westerners and Muslims. It explores the legacy of past encounters and interactions, which have shaped contemporary perspectives. The MoreThis article examines the tumultuous history of Islamic studies in the West, which sheds light on current views and interactions between Westerners and Muslims. It explores the legacy of past encounters and interactions, which have shaped contemporary perspectives. The article investigates the history of Western thought about Islam from its emergence to the present, and it offers a new perspective for Persian-speaking audiences. Rather than investigating specific historical periods or geographic schools, the article aims to identify significant paradigms in Islamic studies. Five paradigms are introduced: the biblical, polemic, historical-scientific, phenomenological, and cosmopolitanism paradigms. The article highlights how each paradigm influenced the formation of the next and describes the most prominent representatives and their works. By examining these paradigms, the article provides Islamic studies researchers with new ideas and may serve as a starting point for future articles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Studies on Physicochemical and Structural Properties of Marshmallow (Althaea Officinalis) Seed Mucilage
S. Moazzezi A. H. Elhamirad L. Nateghi M. H. Haddad Khodaparast F. Zarei -
Open Access Article
9 - Dividend Policy Prediction by Multivariable and Univariate Neural Network Models
Mohsen Hamidian M.B. Mohhamadzadeh Moghadam Sajjad Naghdi Javad EsmaeiliThe topic dividend policy is one of the most leading issues in modern corporate finance affecting the firm value. The results of linear methods and regression could not satisfy researchers in forecasting of financial issues such as dividend policy. In this paper, we pr MoreThe topic dividend policy is one of the most leading issues in modern corporate finance affecting the firm value. The results of linear methods and regression could not satisfy researchers in forecasting of financial issues such as dividend policy. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the forecasting accuracy of univariate and multivariate Artificial Neural Network using a sample of 183 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange through for the years 2011_2015. This study shows that the application of the multivariate neural network model results in forecasts that are more accurate than Univariate neural network forecasting models. Our findings show that forecast of a multivariate ANN incorporating Marsh and Merton (1987) variables is more accurate than univariate ANNs. Therefore, based on the results of the study we suggest that shareholders, investors and other stakeholders use multivariate ANNs to predict dividend policy of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The study of Azarshahr town capabilities as the second Geopark of Iran
Javad1 Mehdipour Ghazi Said Ganjali Mohssen Moazzen Farzad SotohianAzarshahr, a town is in East Azarbaijan province is situated in the south of Tabriz between the Urmia Lake and Sahand volcano. In this research, after collecting the necessary data and also extensive field studies the proper sites with specific geological attractions as MoreAzarshahr, a town is in East Azarbaijan province is situated in the south of Tabriz between the Urmia Lake and Sahand volcano. In this research, after collecting the necessary data and also extensive field studies the proper sites with specific geological attractions as the stations have been identified and the appropriate strategies have been offered for attracting tourists and sustainable development of the region as a geopark.On the basis of this research, Azarshahr city with having special geological features including Tap Tapan travertine springs, chambers and corridors and also beautiful dissoluble cave around the village of Shyramyn, unique beaches and islands of Lake Urmia, near the large city of Tabriz, having historical and environmental capabilities, located on the route of Tabriz - Kurdistan and… can be introduced as a geopark and it can play effective role in job creation and income and in total the province sustainable development.Here it is suggested that registering this geopark in UNESCO should be started out, which needs specific attention to the region and bringing about appropriate infrastructures and at least the Travertine range of this city as Travertine is registered in addition to preventing the destruction of Travertine series in the world, the background is provided for recording Azarshahr geopark. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Study the Trend of Temporal- Spatial Variation in Mesopotamian Marshlands and Effective Factors
Amir hossein Halabian Mehran ShabankariThe 21 century encounter with many challenges which the most important challenges are environmental topics such as deforestation and marshlands destruction and it’s consequences( flood, drought and dust). The Mesopotamian marshlands as the biggest middle- east aqu MoreThe 21 century encounter with many challenges which the most important challenges are environmental topics such as deforestation and marshlands destruction and it’s consequences( flood, drought and dust). The Mesopotamian marshlands as the biggest middle- east aquatic ecosystem has been placed as exoreac basin in south of Iraq and small part of south-western of Iran. These marshlands have been make one of the most dynamic fresh water ecosystems in the world in regional- local scale because of their great area, moist stability and adjancent with permanet rivers. These ecosystems have very important role and position in environmental refining and economical life of region, because of their valuable ecological hydro- climatic potentials. In recent decades, the qualitative changes resulting from undesiable human- natural processes have had the important effects on construction and function of this complex, and the role of marshlands has been coverted from dust stabilization and environmental refining in to origin and center of regional dust. This investigation with analytic- documentary statistical method, study the degradation and instability trend of Mesopotamian marshlands as one of the factors increasing dust in Iran. The result indicated that marshlands have been experienced many gradual and sudden changes. The most important factors foe these changes consist of hydro- climatic changes, infrostructure affairs development( dams and drainage), environmental threats( political and military tensions and drought) and human pollutants types( agricultural, industrial and domestic) which should be consider in regional- local hydropolitic management and planning for improvenental stability of marshlands and consequently, decreasing dust phenomena occurrence. This research indicated that satellite images have capability to reveal and describe the temporal- spatial variation of Mesopotamian marshlands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - GARSHASP AND HERACLES, A DISCUSSION IN COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY
Mahdokht Pour khalleghi Chatrud Hamid TabasiThe national mythology of any nation is the story of heavenly destiny of super humans and kings and heroes which are formed in the creative minds of peopleand have gradually provided the ground forepic basics of the culture and literature of those nations MoreThe national mythology of any nation is the story of heavenly destiny of super humans and kings and heroes which are formed in the creative minds of peopleand have gradually provided the ground forepic basics of the culture and literature of those nations. Most of these mythological stories are archetypes which could be found in as repeated themes and characters in the mythology of other nations. The present article studies the similarities of Garshasp and Heraclesand their actions and characteristics such as fighting against devilish birds and immortality are studiedwhile the necessity of such comparisons between Iranian and Greek mythology is highlighted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The U.S Foreign Policy against Iran during the Presidency of Obama and Trump (Based on Mearsheimer's Offensive Realism and Walitz's Defensive Realism)
Hasan Abediny koshkuieh Hossein Masoudnia Mahnaz GoodarziThe purpose of the present research is to explain and clarify the factors and components effective on the U.S foreign policy against Iran during the presidency of Obama and Trump as a period replete with fluctuations. The research method was descriptive-analytic with re MoreThe purpose of the present research is to explain and clarify the factors and components effective on the U.S foreign policy against Iran during the presidency of Obama and Trump as a period replete with fluctuations. The research method was descriptive-analytic with respect to the systematic review of Obama's and Trump's behavior based on defensive and offensive realism. The U.S foreign policy would be explained based on its security approach to Iran's nuclear activities and regional behaviors involving components such as the character of Arabic-Hebraic lobbies and cabinet members. Obama's foreign policy against Iran relying on the approach of interaction and pressure (intelligent power) was successful whereas Trump's foreign policy failed with respect to its offensive nature and the gap among western countries. Therefore, it can be concluded that both of the presidents attempted to challenge the Islamic Republic of Iran's interests by creating political and economic crises and military threats in internal and external aspects. Obama could restrain Iran's nuclear activities by reaching a nuclear agreement but Trump by withdrawing the nuclear deal, not only could not sustain Obama's achievements but also almost failed to restrain Iran to provide the U.S national interests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Rebellion and Subversion in Iranian National Epics (Bahmannameh, Kushnameh, Garshaspnameh)
Mahdi Mirzarasolzadeh Ahmad Goli Ghadamali SaramiRebellion is the basis of epic and its driving force. The function of rebellion in epic is like a plot in a story that organizes the logical sequence of events. In other words, in the absence of rebellion, the epic can not take place. One of the types of rebellion in Ir MoreRebellion is the basis of epic and its driving force. The function of rebellion in epic is like a plot in a story that organizes the logical sequence of events. In other words, in the absence of rebellion, the epic can not take place. One of the types of rebellion in Iranian national epic texts is rebellion with the aim of shifting the governing structure and gaining power, which is based on various motives, such as the tyranny of kings, the greed of rebels, and so on. Some of the coups have a military aspect, are prepared and carried out by courtiers, elders, ministers and heroes, and some other coups are carried out by ordinary and general sections of society. In today's political literature, the first type is referred to as "coup" and the latter type is called "revolution". In The Shahnameh, which is the leader of Iranian national epic poems, the number of such rebellions is more in comparison with other poems, but in the poems studied in this article, some cases have been found that the present article seeks to describe and explain. They are, hense, in this descriptive-analytical study, rebelliouss in terms of types (individual, group and social), periods, motivation and motivation, rebellious / rebellious class affiliation, the final results of rebellion and subsequent social status in three verses Bahmanameh, Koosh-Nameh and Garshaspnameh have been discussed, studied and concluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Application of paradigm archetypes in Astarabadi's Happiness Letter and Tarshizi Letter Letter based on Jung
Zeinab Norouzali Ahmad Khatini Khiyali Ali Asqhar HalabiThe present article is an attempt to find an ancient paradigm in the Court of Saadatnameh of Astarabadi and Saghinameh Tarshizi. Archaeologists are a treasure trove of collective psyche and thought that emerges, regardless of tradition, wherever and whenever, and becaus MoreThe present article is an attempt to find an ancient paradigm in the Court of Saadatnameh of Astarabadi and Saghinameh Tarshizi. Archaeologists are a treasure trove of collective psyche and thought that emerges, regardless of tradition, wherever and whenever, and because of the abundance of human experience, the number of archetypes cannot be determined. Since archetypes express certain psychological states of human beings, their specific psychological and worldview features of poets can be achieved by interpreting them in poems. Examples of Jungian personality models include the model mother, Anima-Animus, Shadow, Persona, and herself. Jung considers these concepts to be inherited structural components of the human psyche. Moving from me to myself requires the development of different layers of the subconscious that we will address in this article. Saghi's letter of emergence of Tarshizi and Saadatnameh of Nizamuddin Astarabadi are among the works that have not been sufficiently researched and many of their ammunition have been hidden. Therefore, by extracting the ancient pattern of examples in these two works, we can help to interpret the verses. This article has been evaluated with the aim of comparative study of proverbs in two poetry collections; and it aims to answer the questions raised. Did Astarabadi and Tarshizi use all the ancient concepts of parables in the works in question? And which of the concepts of exemplary forms (Persona, anima, animus, shadow, self, material mother) has the highest and lowest frequency in Astarabadi and Tarshizi poems? After extracting the archetype of exemplary forms in both courts, it was concluded that both poets used all the concepts of archetype in their work. Shadow and Anima have the highest frequency in Saadatnameh and Saqinameh, and Animos has the lowest frequency in both works. The proposed result is expressed in a library-analytical-descriptive manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Study of the Preludes of Ten Epic Narrative Poems
Farhad Mohammadi Ahmad Zakeri -
Open Access Article
17 - The research of climes in Vegharshirazi poets
Dariush Kazemi Najmeh AzampourClaims is a title for verses that including claims of sores and suffers of the poet. This inclination can be found generally in all of the verses. In the works of some premium Persian poets that make the structure of poem or affect the main portion of the poems. The i MoreClaims is a title for verses that including claims of sores and suffers of the poet. This inclination can be found generally in all of the verses. In the works of some premium Persian poets that make the structure of poem or affect the main portion of the poems. The importance of claims is mostly to present the social and other aspects of the time of the poetry, because more than reveating the undesireable conditions of thepoet.that would present the blessed society and his contradications with the governer and the public dependents would be presented. Vegharshirazi is one of the poets that has considered a condidelable portion of his poems for this matter. So we can find many social.political.economical and cultural aspects of his time. The matters of they survey is studing claims in the verse book of vegharshirazi. We have efforted that study the claims in the verse book of vegharshirazi and then by binding them amaly zing and interpreting the sorrines and sores of the poet.and so not only to become familiar whith his characters and behaviors.but also be familiarized whith the conditions of society in his period of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Scholarship of Teaching, missing Function of higher education in Iran; Reflection of Bullying
Zahra rashidiThis study aims identify the existing problems of teaching scholarship faculty members. In this way, various aspects of these issues were tried and presented with respect to the context of the institution of university in Iran. The present study was conducted within the MoreThis study aims identify the existing problems of teaching scholarship faculty members. In this way, various aspects of these issues were tried and presented with respect to the context of the institution of university in Iran. The present study was conducted within the framework of the qualitative approach and using grounded Theory research method. For data collection from participants, in-depth and informal interviews were used. Selection of information media of the research was done purposefully and using sampling strategies with maximum variation and theoretical sampling the research media included 19 faculty members of comprehensive universities in Tehran. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. According to the findings, the phenomenon of bullying in faculty members' relations in Iran's higher education has verbal and social dimensions (Phenomena). This phenomenon has arisen due to organizational and individual circumstances (Causal Conditions) and resulted in reactions such as avoidance, conflict (Strategy). These reactions have been affected by the responses of the authorities, the persistence and common beliefs (intervening conditions), structure and academic culture (context), resulting in occupational, personal, social and economic vulnerability(Consequences). The function of education in this context is defined in three levels of good teaching (based on individual experience), scholarly teaching (based on the integration of content knowledge and pedagogy), and the scholarship of teaching (Teacher Education Publishing). From the faculty point of view, according to the phenomenon of bullying, teaching processes based on personal experience are organized, teacher empowerment and dissemination programs are not foreseen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Myth of Dragon-Killing in Avesta and Epic texts
Reza ashraf'zadeh mah'dokht shah'badi zadehKilling-dragon by Garshasb is, one of the first epic narrations ofdragon-killing that is mentioned both in Avesta and many other recenttexts. Undoubtedly, this heroic manner has formed many other dragonkillinglegends in our national epic tradition and it can be consider MoreKilling-dragon by Garshasb is, one of the first epic narrations ofdragon-killing that is mentioned both in Avesta and many other recenttexts. Undoubtedly, this heroic manner has formed many other dragonkillinglegends in our national epic tradition and it can be considered asan ancient pattern for them. Although this heroic manner- in conformitywith Islamic thoughts - has changed in passing from myth to epic, but it'smythological basis- as a heroic tradition- is preserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Testing the Exactitude of Estimation Methods in the Presence of Outliers: An accounting for Robust Kriging
Shahrokh Paravarzar Nasser Madani Abbas Maghsoudi Peyman AfzalEstimation of gold reserves and resources has been of interest to mining engineers and geologists for ages. The existence of outlier values shows the economic part of the deposits subject to the fact that don’t depend on the human or technical errors. The presence MoreEstimation of gold reserves and resources has been of interest to mining engineers and geologists for ages. The existence of outlier values shows the economic part of the deposits subject to the fact that don’t depend on the human or technical errors. The presence of these high values causes a pseudo dramatically increment in variance estimation of economical blocks when applying conventional methods as such as kriging. Conventional approach such as replacing the upper limit (capping), log-normal and Median-indicator kriging have been somehow resolved the problem of estimations but they still have numerous drawbacks. The Zarshuran gold deposit is one of the nominated gold deposits in Iran that choosing the appropriate method is a great chance in the estimation procedure. Robust kriging is a method that is able to reduce the allocated pseudo kriging weights to the blocks surrounding with high value data, and correct them in a manner that not only enhance the accuracy of the estimation but also reduce the estimation variance to the reasonable level. In this method, the estimation can be implemented in the presence of outlier and do not need to eliminate, reduce or transfer the data to another space (normalization). In this paper an attempt has been made for estimating the gold in the ore used to be compared with capping high value method. Results showed that this method has a high efficiency and is able to run estimation properly and produces high precision due to the high value reduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - the template's aciant look to Mirror, the Soul and the Blood in the wonders of the Amazing creatures and Garshasp nameh
Ali Tasnimi Ahmad Khajeeim Abbas Mohammadian parvin hashempoorAbstractArchetypes are relics of thousands of years and a common heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries. Our Iranian ancestors, like people around the world, were subconsciously in touch with them. One of these collective pat MoreAbstractArchetypes are relics of thousands of years and a common heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries. Our Iranian ancestors, like people around the world, were subconsciously in touch with them. One of these collective patterns is the mirror, which was not the only means of seeing the face; it was associated with spirit, life, future, witchcraft and divinity. According to the book The Wonders of Creatures and Garshasb nameh, the mirror is sometimes a mediator between the earth and the sky, and sometimes the truth-tellers are aware of the secrets. Sometimes the mirror is the window of the soul, sometimes the soul is manifested in it. We know that human life and movement depend on the soul. Blood also makes life possible in the human body and, from the point of view of ancient peoples, accommodates the souls of beings. The ancient people understood the importance of this vital substance and tried in every way to prevent its destruction and consequently damage to their souls. And in various forms such as; Shadows, intellect, subconscious, solar force, reflection of the world, spirit of life, connection between earth and sky, etc. appear. A better understanding of the ancient and the subconscious leads to a better understanding of our people and a better connection with the hidden half of our being and a new window into the inside. The world of the past and literary works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Processing of exploration data in Zarshouran area, modeling of ore body and mineral resource estimation
Arash Gourabjeiri pour Bahram Abolqasemi Alireza Najafi Mahnaz TaheriZarshouran zone is located in South East of west Azerbayjan. From geological point of view this zone is a part ofAlborz-Azerbaijan zone and Precambrian hostrock forms the prevailing outcrop of Zarshouran zone which iscomposed of carbonates and acidic volcanic rocks to i MoreZarshouran zone is located in South East of west Azerbayjan. From geological point of view this zone is a part ofAlborz-Azerbaijan zone and Precambrian hostrock forms the prevailing outcrop of Zarshouran zone which iscomposed of carbonates and acidic volcanic rocks to intermediate rocks. This sequence covered by sharpunconformity from red layers of Oligomiocene. The most important structure which effects in forming the oredeposit, is Imankhan anticline and the main structural features in Zarshouran ore deposit is ductile and brittlestructures and among these the main faults with the direction of North-West and South-East are probably inconnected with mineralization. Gold mineralization in this ore-deposit from different point of view is similar toepithermal mineralization in sedimentary rock especially in calcareous rocks (Carlin type gold deposit). Silicic,silicic argillic, sercitic-argillic and alunitic alteration are visible in the zone. The datas of different stages of thiszone have been gathered in GIS base and processed with Data mine Studio 3 software. At first 1427 geochemicalsamples were studied and the highest mineralization potential of the zone was specified and gold paragenesiseswere distinguished. Then based on drilled boreholes and statistical studies of datas sections and estimation spacewere specified and using the best method of estimation, ordinary kriging, and reservoir evaluation have beendone. Finally, based on different parts of mineral ore thicknesses and estimation error, the best drilling points forcomplementary survey of zone in the nets of 50,100,200 meters were specified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Performance Improvement through a Marshaling Yard Storage Area in a Container Port Using Optimization via Simulation Technique (Case Study at Shahid Rajaee Container Port)
Mohammad Reza Ghanbari Parham Azimi -
Open Access Article
24 - The sociological analysis of the ultimate possible conscious and acceptable information about the emphasis on MollaAdibAhari lamentation letter in relation to Sam ArshadGharehDaghi
Flor Hakimi Ramin SadeghinezhadMolla Hassan AdibAhari has written an elegy in the first anniversary of Sam Khan GharehjeDaghi nicknamed as Amir Arshad that is being an important mourning letter in terms of sociological views. By studying this mourning letter, we find out that Molla Hassan has applied MoreMolla Hassan AdibAhari has written an elegy in the first anniversary of Sam Khan GharehjeDaghi nicknamed as Amir Arshad that is being an important mourning letter in terms of sociological views. By studying this mourning letter, we find out that Molla Hassan has applied his own ultimate and possible struggle to show the establishment of social classes designing and drawing acceptable information to give a sophisticated character of Sam Khan in a social intellectual term. This also is matched to his social era as an adaptive case along with the historical events presented in some books in this regard. Sam Khan has been introduced as an outstanding, liberty-seeking, dictator-fighter and idealism character in this lamentation letter. Some of these conscious affairs are not coincident with the historical backgrounds. The main question is whether Molla Hassan is familiar with the social classes concepts, and by reviewing this mourning text, it is shown that he could be able to write these mourning texts by his own talent and aptitude congenitally in his own verses. In this text, it is observed that he has taken and applied Lucian Goldman's structuralism style. Now, we struggled to represent the structural relationship of the related text in terms of social classes and conscious concepts through the implementation and clarification of two methods of perception and explanation on this mourning text. The findings of the text showed that there is not a direct relationship between the acceptable information of the mourning verses and social class and the impact of producing the periodical structure in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Judicial -Legal Analysis of Possibility to Generalize Civil Arsh (Price-Reduction) to all Other Options
Aliakbar Izadifard Mehdi Falah Mehdi FalahJurists believe that Arsh is contrary to the rule and they deny its entrance in other options. Civil law, only in the discussion of Khiyar Eyb, has spoken of the right to receive Arsh and has not prescribed it in other options. Most of the lawyers has the same viewpoint MoreJurists believe that Arsh is contrary to the rule and they deny its entrance in other options. Civil law, only in the discussion of Khiyar Eyb, has spoken of the right to receive Arsh and has not prescribed it in other options. Most of the lawyers has the same viewpoints and tried hardly in justification of civil law in this regard. It seems that in Khiyar Eyb, Arsh is receivable when deficiency or lack of health causes a change in value and price of traded goods without loss of the whole value of those goods. A point that can be regarded in jurists’ viewpoints and civil law relates to the nature of Arsh which is the performance guarantee of the contract itself. In this regard, in any reciprocal contract as a sale, the parties undertake an implicit manner to establish equality and balance between the value of the goods and its price and implementation in contract and if each party breaks this commitment, the obligation must force him to implement this commitment. Accordingly, it seems that Arsh is not only contrary to any rule but only it can be exigible in other options in which lack of effective factor causes violation of commitment in making relative balance in value of the goods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Complaint in Parviz Natel Khanlari’s “Moon in Marsh" Poetry Collection
Batoul Azizi Jirabadi Narges Asghari Ghovar Ali RamazaniThe study of lyrical literature types and their usage in the poems of contemporary poets can help us for understanding novel concepts in poets’ notions and poetries. One of the genres of this category is “complaint”. A great number of themes of the Per MoreThe study of lyrical literature types and their usage in the poems of contemporary poets can help us for understanding novel concepts in poets’ notions and poetries. One of the genres of this category is “complaint”. A great number of themes of the Persian poetries consist of the expression of personal pains and sufferings; human beings can experience sadness and sorrow as well as all other feelings like happiness. Since poets are highly sensitive people, they have been affected the most by this issue and scrutinized it. Although complaints have been used in all the periods of Persian poetry, in contemporary poetry because of political and social issues and the emergence of Nimai modern poetry, poets’ perspectives about them are different. The main purpose of the present study was to examine complaints used in an anthology of poems named “Mah dar mordab” (Moon in Marsh) written by Parviz Khanlari. Although the results of the study indicated that a large portion of the poet’s complaints were personal complaints, there are also cases of other types of complaints in his poems including social sufferings, objection to anti-values, dissatisfaction with life, political repression, and absence of freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - تاثیرات عصاره هیدروالکلی گل ختمی (Althaea officinalis L) بر برخی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و خونی ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio
فهیمه فلاح پور مهدی بنایی نرگس جوادزادهمقدمه و هدف: گیاه ختمی (Althae officinalis L.) یکی از معروف­ترین گیاهان دارویی است که به دلیل داشتن خواص ضد باکتریایی و آنتی­اکسیدانی در طب سنتی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر تجویز عصاره گل ختمی بر پارامترهای خونی و بیوشیمیا Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاه ختمی (Althae officinalis L.) یکی از معروف­ترین گیاهان دارویی است که به دلیل داشتن خواص ضد باکتریایی و آنتی­اکسیدانی در طب سنتی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر تجویز عصاره گل ختمی بر پارامترهای خونی و بیوشیمیایی در ماهی کپور است. روش تحقیق:در این آزمایش 150 عدد ماهی کپور معمولی (با میانگین وزنی 40/4±65/37 ) با جیره­های حاوی 0/0 (کنترل)، 5/2، 5 و 10 گرم عصاره گل ختمی به مدت 60 روز تغذیه شدند. سپس در روزهای 30 و 60 آزمایش، شاخص­های خون­شناسی و بیوشیمیایی ماهی­ها اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج و بحث: هیچ گونه تغییر معنی­داری در تعداد سلول قرمز خون، هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت و میانگین حجم گویچه­ها، تعداد نوتروفیل­ها، بازوفیل­ها و ائوزینوفیل­ها در ماهیانی که با غلظت­های مختلف عصاره گل ختمی به مدت 60 روز تغذیه شدند، مشاهده نگردید. تجویز عصاره ختمی (5 گرم) موجب افزایش معنی­داری در تعداد سلول­های سفید خون و لنفوسیت­ها در روز 60 شد. از سویی دیگر تجویز 5 و 10 گرم عصاره ختمی سبب کاهش معنی­دار منوسیت­ها گردید. تجویز عصاره ختمی در طی 60 روز تاثیر معنی­داری بر فعالیت آنزیم­های آلانین آمینوترانسفراز، آلکالین فسفاتاز و کراتین­فسفوکیناز و نیز سطح کراتینین خون نداشت. فعالیت آنزیم آسپارتات آیمنوترانسفراز و لاکتات دهیدروژناز پلاسما و همچنین سطح پروتئین کل پلاسما و آلبومین به طور معنی­داری در ماهیان تحت تیمار غلظت 10 گرم عصاره ختمی در بالاترین سطح قرار داشت. سح کلسترول و تری­گلیسرید نیز در گروه­های تحت تیمار غلظت­های 5 و 10 گرم عصاره ختمی به طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت. تغییرات معنی­داری مشاهده شده در فاکتورهای خونی و بیوشیمیایی ماهیان تحت تیمار غلظت 10 گرم عصاره ختمی ممکن است به سمیت سلولی نسبت داد؛ در حالی که تجویز 5/2 و 5 گرم عصاره ختمی تاثیر سوئی بر شاخص­های خونی و بیوشیمیایی ماهیان کپور در این مطالعه نداشت. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی:براساس این نتایج، تجویز پیش­بالینی غلظت­های مشخصی از عصاره گل ختمی (5/2 و 5 گرم) برای ماهیان کپور معمولی مفید بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - .An analysis of thoughts and advices of Asadi toosi’s Garshasb Nameh on civil policy
Ali Reza Shabanlu khadijeh moradi Abd ol-Hossaein Farzad ghafar borjsazGarshasb Nameh is generally considered as a legendary and epic work, and most of the researches are about these fields; but the capabilities of this book are in the field of teaching the kingdom and good customs, and in particular the advices on the ways of governing co MoreGarshasb Nameh is generally considered as a legendary and epic work, and most of the researches are about these fields; but the capabilities of this book are in the field of teaching the kingdom and good customs, and in particular the advices on the ways of governing countries in which kings are addressed, and the manner of doing service addressing the people is very frequent. It is questionable that Asadi in this mythical and legendary story has included so many advices and ethical issues. The purpose of this study is to identify and categorize Asadi's advice about the ways of ruling for a ruler and people and government agents. Asadi, according to the manner of telling and explaining the ways of the kings' manner, has made many recommendations to the kings. These advices are about the four main foundations of governance: the king, justice, people and policy. Also, the method of choosing court clerks and the owners of important jobs, how kings should interact with people, is another of his thoughts. Asadi's advice is all ethical-oriented, and in the section addressed the king and the emir, he has paid attention to the ethics of the judiciary and the king's judgment and the affairs of the army. Based on the extraction and analysis of such ideas and advices in the formulation of the text, one can obtain the Asadi’s moral order in civil policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A glance at voage Fictions in the realm of Iran and world Literature
morteza HashemiThe motife of “Traveling” has a high and important position in the field of world literature and remarkable works based on have been created. In addition to uncountable poetical pieces- often- in description of enchanting and charming of traveling, so many e MoreThe motife of “Traveling” has a high and important position in the field of world literature and remarkable works based on have been created. In addition to uncountable poetical pieces- often- in description of enchanting and charming of traveling, so many epics , tales, fictions and travel accounts based on this old phenomenon of Mankind life are exposed to public view , in the literature domain, and some of most famous literary works are formed based on voyage and navigation. The writer attempt in this article is the presentation of most important works in this field and makes a comparison between classical and preceding Persian and European (Greek and Latin ) works , also enumeration of similarities and differences of such kind. In this survey, we find out that some valuable works , in poetry and prose , in the Persian literature domain are created by talented and visulizer Persian writers which are notable and comparable with first rate works of world Literature. As the most important characteristics of these works can be enumerated as followings: confrontation with natural and supernatural obstacles and occurrences, welcoming to danger and adventuresomeness , heros’ entrance to unknown islands and places and finally shipwreck phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Optimization of Mobile Base Station Placement to Reduce Energy Consumption in Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Network
Gholamreza Farahani Ameneh FarahaniNowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in different sectors. The problem in these networks is the non-rechargeable batteries of these sensors, which limit the lifetime of the network. Therefore, the optimal energy consumption of sensors is an open res MoreNowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in different sectors. The problem in these networks is the non-rechargeable batteries of these sensors, which limit the lifetime of the network. Therefore, the optimal energy consumption of sensors is an open research topic. In this paper, a new algorithm with the Development of Genetic Algorithm with the Floyd Warshall (DGAFW) has been proposed. Using the proposed DGAFW algorithm, the number of clusters and nodes assigned to each cluster is first determined with the Floyd Warshall algorithm and then the Cluster Head (CH) is selected using fuzzy logic. Finally, the optimal placement of the base station is specified by the combination of the Genetic Algorithm and the Floyd Warshall. The DGAFW algorithm is based on minimizing the distance of sending multi-hop messages. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB 2023a online software. The simulation results obtained from the DGAFW algorithm have been compared based on the distance, the amount of remaining energy in each round, and the number of rounds of network activity in the case where the location of the base station is fixed or randomly determined in each round. The results obtained show that the DGAFW algorithm compared to the case of random base station and fixed station respectively, has 12.7% and 14.3% shorter average message-sending distance in each round, 14.7% and 19.1% more residual energy and also 36% and 48% more rounds of network activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Assessment of Saltwater Pollution in Azarshahr Plain Groundwater, Iran: Conjugating GALDIT Method and Geostatistics
Alireza Docheshmeh Gorgij Asghar Asghari Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
32 - The Transformation of a Myth: Rostam-e Dastān
محمود رضایی دشت ارژنه According to Shāhnāmeh of Ferdowsī, Rostam-e Dastān is the champion of champions and mythical hero of ancient Persia, constituting some of the most popular parts of the Shāhnāmeh. He is the son of Zāl (the son of Sām and the grandson of Narimān). Also, h More According to Shāhnāmeh of Ferdowsī, Rostam-e Dastān is the champion of champions and mythical hero of ancient Persia, constituting some of the most popular parts of the Shāhnāmeh. He is the son of Zāl (the son of Sām and the grandson of Narimān). Also, his legend indicates that Rostam's mother is a decedent of Zahhāk, the son of Mardās. But in the older version of this myth, Dastān is a title for Rostam, Narimān a title for Garshāsb, Mardās a title for Zahhāk, and Sām is the name of the extended family of Garshāsb. The present paper tries to show that the myth of Rostam has been transformed in Shāhnāmeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Talisman of Jamshid The Analysis of a Mythological Theme in Heroic Poems and Story-telling Texts (Naqqali); Based on Sām-nāmeh
Manoochehr Joukār Mahmood Rezāe Dashtearzhanah Mokhtār Ebrāhimi Lāle ĀshnāAccording to one of Iranian myths, Khvarenah (splendor or Farrah) separates from Jamshid in the disguise of a Warghan (Symorgh or falcon) and is released to Mitra, Fereydoun and Garshāsb. It is one of the ancient mythological underpinnings that has a strong reflection i MoreAccording to one of Iranian myths, Khvarenah (splendor or Farrah) separates from Jamshid in the disguise of a Warghan (Symorgh or falcon) and is released to Mitra, Fereydoun and Garshāsb. It is one of the ancient mythological underpinnings that has a strong reflection in Iranian mythology, epic and story-telling texts (naqqali). A mythological underpinning undergoes a variety of alterations- based on the temporal and spatial context- in its journey from the world of myth to the logical sphere of epic so that it would appear rational to the minds of readers. Then, in changing from epic to folk literature, has been transformed in accordance with the taste of people. Therefore, a mythological motif distances thematically from its origin to such an extent that it is difficult to locate its roots. In the present article, the attempt is made to consider the nexus of Jamishid’s talisman with separation of his Khvarenah and its releasing to Garshasb in the following heroic poems and story-telling scrolls (tumār): Sām-nāmeh, Garshāsb-nāmeh, Bahman-nāmeh, Farāmarz-nāmeh, Jahāngir-nāmeh, Shahryār-nāmeh, Tumar Naqqāli Shāhnāmeh, Tumār Haft Lashkar, Tumār Kohan Shāhnāme Ferdowsi, Tumār Shāhnāmeh Ferdowsi, Zarrin Qabānāmeh, Tumār Sāme Savār va Dokhtar Khāqān Chin. According to the authors of this paper, the attempts of Sistani heroes to open the talisman of Jamshid and to get the treasure or the sword embedded in the talisman are symbolic representation of releasing the heroic splendor (Khvarenah) from Jamshid to Garshāsb and it is presented as a metamorphic form in heroic poems and story-telling texts (naqqali). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Morphology of Three Stories in Garshāsbnāmeh
فاطمه کوپا نوشین رفیعی سخایی Garshāsbnāmeh (the epic of Garshāsb) is the major work of Abu Mansur Ali ibn Ahmad Asadi Tusi (died 1072) containing 9000 couplets (written 1064-66). Based on Vladimir Propp's morphology, the present article tries to analyze three stories of this epic a More Garshāsbnāmeh (the epic of Garshāsb) is the major work of Abu Mansur Ali ibn Ahmad Asadi Tusi (died 1072) containing 9000 couplets (written 1064-66). Based on Vladimir Propp's morphology, the present article tries to analyze three stories of this epic and show their likeness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - In the Search of Forgotten Parts of the Myth of Garshāsb
maryam nemat tavosiSome parts of the life of Garshāsb, Iranian hero, have been narrated in Avestā and Pahlavi texts; later on they have been recited in other narratives. The main part of Garshāsb’s life, according to old texts, is about his braveness, and a small part is about his r MoreSome parts of the life of Garshāsb, Iranian hero, have been narrated in Avestā and Pahlavi texts; later on they have been recited in other narratives. The main part of Garshāsb’s life, according to old texts, is about his braveness, and a small part is about his relationship with fairy. Inasmuch as folklore is a protector of eliminated parts of official literature, we consider Sām-Nāmeh and its tradition of storytelling (Naqqāli) as a source for finding the unknown parts of Sām’s and Garshāsb’s lives. According to Sām-Nāmeh, there is a mysterious relationship between Garshāsb and a fairy named Khnathaiti, and between Sām and another fairy named 'Ālamafrouz/Golafrouz. Also, there is a fertilized fairy in Sām’s life named Paridokht. It seems that 'Ālamafrouz and Paridokht are symbols of two great goddesses of creation and destructive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Garshāsb-Nāmeh: Analysis of Epic Elements
Mohtasham Mohammdi Nasro-allah DashtiGarshāsb-Nāmeh, composed by Hakim Asadi Tusi, is anepic poem about Garshāsb’s arrogance and warfare. Garshasb is one of the most famous Iranian heroes; some of important parts of the Iranian mythical and epic literature describe his and his children (Narimān, Sām, MoreGarshāsb-Nāmeh, composed by Hakim Asadi Tusi, is anepic poem about Garshāsb’s arrogance and warfare. Garshasb is one of the most famous Iranian heroes; some of important parts of the Iranian mythical and epic literature describe his and his children (Narimān, Sām, Zāl, Rustam, Farāmarz, etc.) actions and behaviors. The features of an epic story are as follows: it must be a work of fiction, it must describe heroes, it must be a national book, and it has to speak about fantastic and extraordinary affairs; these features make a story an epic one. The strength and weakness of each of these features has a significant effect on the prominence and reputation of an epic work. The findings of the research show that although Garshāsb-Nāmeh is a powerful fictional book and describes powerfully the fantastic and extraordinary affairs, but as a national book it is a weak one and can’t describe the heroes and heroic events well. So, these weaknesses have caused that the epic has not been widely accepted among the Iranian people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A study on PCB contamination in sediments of Anzali Marsh area
A. Sadegh Asadi S. M.B Nabavi H. Ghafoorian A. Ekram JafariPolychlorinated biphenyls constitute a class of synthetic chemicals with a pronounced persistence against chemical/biological degradation, and significant impacts on environment, even at extremely low concentrations. The aim of this work was to determine polychlorinated MorePolychlorinated biphenyls constitute a class of synthetic chemicals with a pronounced persistence against chemical/biological degradation, and significant impacts on environment, even at extremely low concentrations. The aim of this work was to determine polychlorinated biphenyls contaminants in surface sediments (0-5 cm) of 15 rivers entrances of Anzali Marsh in autumn (Dec.2009).The samples were collected using Van Veen Grab. After preparation and freeze–dried, Soxhlet extract and clean up the samples, Concentrations of PCBs (8 congeners) were analyzed using a GC equipped with an electron capture detector. Procedures were done using MOOPAM manuals. Quality and Accuracy was controlled by reference material, internal standards PCB29 and PCB198.Maximum and minimum concentrations of total PCB (8 congeners) were 68/79 ng g-1 with a standard deviation of 3/64 in S11 and 2/23 ng g-1 in S2 with a standard deviation of 0.38 dry wt, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs at sites influenced by industrial and municipal wastes while agricultural activities were less influential. Measurements confirmed that levels of PCBs pollution in sediments of Anzali Marsh were not especially high in comparison to levels recommended by ERM USA, but total PCB in some sites was more than ERL USA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Identification of Medicinal Plants in Arshadchamani Rangelands of East Azarbaijan
Zh. Toupchi -
Open Access Article
39 - Study of Physiognomy and Origin of Plant Species in Sarshiv Area of Marivan, Iran
Seyyed Mohsen Hassani Habib Yazdanshenas Kourosh Nazarpoor Fard Reza Bassiri Javad Pur Rezaee -
Open Access Article
40 - The doctrine of harsh revenge in the defense thought of Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei; Basics and mechanisms of realization
Tajik Ismaili Rasool Akbar Ashrafi Ahmad Bakhshayeshi Ardestani Abdolhosein AllahkaramWith the martyrdom of the commander of Quds Force by America, the concept of harsh revenge by Ayatollah Khamenei as a plan and also a deterrent demand at various levels such as software overcoming the absurd and arrogant hegemony, the expulsion of America from the West MoreWith the martyrdom of the commander of Quds Force by America, the concept of harsh revenge by Ayatollah Khamenei as a plan and also a deterrent demand at various levels such as software overcoming the absurd and arrogant hegemony, the expulsion of America from the West Asian region, bloodlust and revenge against The murderers of Amin were brought up to kill Martyr Soleimani and his companions. This research with a descriptive-analytical method aims to answer this question: in the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei, what are the ways to realize hard revenge? Based on the investigation and study of his intellectual system and defense thought, the opposite results have been obtained: some of the results obtained are: the realization of harsh revenge based on the military dimension, including: strategic depth, comprehensive deterrence, the principle of balance of threat and harsh response, and the realization of harsh revenge In the scientific and technological dimension (software dominance), it includes: the principle of institutionalization, futurism and scientific sociology, scientific innovation, production of science and technology, and breaking scientific boundaries and breaking the monopoly of each of the advanced technologies are important. Also, another way to realize hard revenge is knowledge-based defense, a defense that is composed of soft and hard power tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Jurisprudential-legal study of Arsh al-Bakareh and Mehr al-Mathl
Hojat Arab Sheybani Abdolazim khoroshiArsh al-Bakareh and Mehr al-Mathl as compensation for the removal of virginity are among the concepts that are discussed in the two areas of criminal law and civil law. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and by considering various regulations in the MoreArsh al-Bakareh and Mehr al-Mathl as compensation for the removal of virginity are among the concepts that are discussed in the two areas of criminal law and civil law. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and by considering various regulations in the mentioned fields and also by considering the jurisprudential teachings, we have reached the conclusion that the basis for paying the dowry is intimacy and the basis for paying the throne of virginity is the removal of virginity. In addition, although the proverb in the words of the jurists and the appearance of the narrations does not indicate the compensation of moral damages and is paid to a virgin or a woman due to the benefit of the woman in adultery by rape or reluctance, but from the point of view of civil liability law Some cases are compatible with moral damages. In addition, there is no conflict between Articles 658 and 231 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, and in accordance with the rules of civil liability, if the removal of virginity is done with sexual intercourse or non-sexual intercourse and with consent, there is no guarantee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Developing the Model of the Role of Communication Marketing on the Brand Love of Iran Futsal Premier League Fans (Case Study: Mashhad Farsh Ara Sport Cultural Club
کیانوش شجیع سید مرتضی عظیم زاده فرشته ادیب روشن رضا حیدریThe aim of this study was to develop the model of the role of communication marketing tactics in the brand love of Iran futsal premier league clubs fans which was a case study in Mashhad Farsh Ara sport cultural club using structural equation modeling. This study was de MoreThe aim of this study was to develop the model of the role of communication marketing tactics in the brand love of Iran futsal premier league clubs fans which was a case study in Mashhad Farsh Ara sport cultural club using structural equation modeling. This study was descriptive-survey. And the population consisted of Mashhad Farsh Ara sport club fans. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at the significance level of 0.05. As the path coefficient between communication marketing and brand personality was almost positive (0.24) and the related t statistic was equal to 15.16, it can be concluded (with 95% confidence) that this path coefficient was significant at the error level of 0.05. The significant and direct (positive) relationship between communication marketing and brand love was confirmed. Generally, the development of structural equation modeling of the role of communication marketing in brand love of Iran futsal premier league fans stated that an insertion of a new concept named love into Iran premier league clubs is a serious need and more attention to the fans’ needs is required to reach this important issue and to employ the positive results of this insertion into Iran football. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Determination of Surface Irrigation Efficiencies for Pumpkin plant in Khoy Plain Lands
فاطمه پناهدوست Faribourz AhmadzadehAccording to the statistics, surface irrigation system covers more than 95% of the country's lands and current efficiency of the system is estimated as less than 35%. Hence, the need for detailed understanding of surface irrigation efficiencies in the irrigated lands an MoreAccording to the statistics, surface irrigation system covers more than 95% of the country's lands and current efficiency of the system is estimated as less than 35%. Hence, the need for detailed understanding of surface irrigation efficiencies in the irrigated lands and presenting appropriate solutions to increase such factors are too important to measure and should be taken in line with optimal consumption of agricultural water which covers more than 70% of the country's available water. Hence, a farm was selected in Malajnood village area which was irrigated in furrow method and then was evaluated during the two phases of irrigation. The underlying tests were conducted using partial Parshall with input water flow of 3.66, 1.97L?S. Elliot7Wlker's two-point method was used to determine infiltration equation coefficients. The relationship between needed water and exact moisture distribution which was equal to 2 samples of irrigation indicated two cases of incomplete irrigation. Findings of the study indicated that deep percolation ratio was 23.33 and 45.63 and the irrigation adequacy was 100% that showed the high water losses and low water efficiency, but the full supply of plant water needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The study of Asadi Tusi’s anxiety of influence from the Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh based on Harold Bloom’s viewpoint
vaahid mobarakAbstract Among Shahnameh followers, Garshasbnameh composed by Asadi Tusi has an important standpoint. By going to Azarbayjan and staying in its favorable grounds Tusi aspired to complete the Shahnameh and like Nezami he embarked on composing parts of the national MoreAbstract Among Shahnameh followers, Garshasbnameh composed by Asadi Tusi has an important standpoint. By going to Azarbayjan and staying in its favorable grounds Tusi aspired to complete the Shahnameh and like Nezami he embarked on composing parts of the national narratives in Shahnameh not previously composed. Completing the work of predecessors are often accompanied by the anxiety of influence and imitation, and the poets attempt to relieve themselves from the shadow of their precursors. The purpose of this article is to determine the attempts made by Asadi Tusi to exit from the arena of influence posed by form, language and thoughts in Shahnameh as the model according to Harold Bloom’s argument. The results show that due to the anxiety of influence experienced by Tusi he wanted to overcome this anxiety by being different from Shahnameh, and escape from its circle of influence. By introducing Brahman in place of Mobad or priest and including ideological questions posed by Garshasb regarding the creation of life and man, and also by turning to verbosity, and beautiful solid descriptions, governing new perspective and philosophy different from the ancient Persian thought regarding the main issue of justice in government and justice of kings, also selecting theatrical functions such as egotism, prowess in battle, and placing scenes and numerous sea battle episodes, repetitive dragon killing spectacles, and most important of all, attributing abilities such as trial of the preeminent hero to Zahhak and setting the story in Zahhak’s era under the surveillance of a dragon who feeds on humans, and a father killer render this work different from Shahnameh. However various signs of dependence, manifested in the repetition of the hemistiches and verses attest to the influence of Shahnameh over Garshasbnameh. Asadi in dialectic of “dependence on swerving from the poetic language of his precursor had been dependent on Shahnameh and at the same time departed from it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Analysis of natural mythological mysterious phenomena in Garshasp nameh with emphasis upon the relationship of three axes of animism, Mana, and Fetishism
AFSANEH NOORI mohammad nader sharifiIn order to be safe from the nature’s wrath man started to worship manifestations of nature and this matter made primitive men to attach the power of magic and spell, supernatural force or spirit to the natural phenomena. In this way fetishism sect (power of MoreIn order to be safe from the nature’s wrath man started to worship manifestations of nature and this matter made primitive men to attach the power of magic and spell, supernatural force or spirit to the natural phenomena. In this way fetishism sect (power of magic) Mana (supernatural force) and Animism (spirit) took form. Certain myths are inherent in the nature and religious beliefs of a land since according to the view of some scholars epics are born from myths therefore the existence of mysterious phenomena in them is a natural affair. Asadi Tusi’s Garshasp nameh is a fine example. Using descriptive analytic method the purpose of this article is to analyze the natural phenomena in Garshasp nameh which has mysterious characteristics. The results obtained show that mirror has the healing power, stone has the power to make rain and make women fertile, belt increases warrior’s might, tree has the power to heal patients, bird’s feather also cures patients, spring both heals and offers help, plant has the power of bravery, has healing properties, tends to be a promoter of sleep and an aphrodisiac, water revives, and Garshasp’s mace has extraordinary power. It is concluded that mysterious natural phenomena act as a force and a fetish, and the spirit within them has the role of Mana and Animism. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The analysis of the metamorphosis of dragon in Garshasp’s adventures based on archetypal criticism
Hooshang Mohammadi afsharArchetypal criticism is one of the interdisciplinary approaches in contemporary literary criticism. Carl Jung sees literary heritage and common experiences in different cultures in the collective unconscious and believes the reason for the cultural similarities am MoreArchetypal criticism is one of the interdisciplinary approaches in contemporary literary criticism. Carl Jung sees literary heritage and common experiences in different cultures in the collective unconscious and believes the reason for the cultural similarities among nations lies in the common archetypes shared. The purpose of this type of criticism is the analysis and evaluation of literary works and ancient narratives should the work lend itself to this genre of criticism. The main purpose of metamorphosis is the presentation of symbols, and signs which intend to reveal the psychological states of man and seeks to explain and reveal ambiguous mysteries of the existence in mythologies via the archetypes. The purpose of this article is to analyze and evaluate all types of metamorphosis of monsters who are dragons in origin in Garshasp’s adventures. Among the antiheros with whom Garshasp, archetypal hero in Avesta fights only dragon like viragos metamorphosed as fairies or appalling monsters were investigated from the Jungian critical perspective employing library approach and descriptive analytic method. The results obtained show that these demonic creatures despite their differences in appearance are in fact regarded as the metamorphosis of the dragon within the hero, or the hero’s anima. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Reinspection of motifs and structure in the stories “the combat of Rostam with Akvan Div” and “the combat of Garshasp with Gandarva”
saeid shahrooiGarshasp is the greatest mythic Persian champion and Rostam is also the preeminent hero in Shahnameh. One of the most mysterious enemies of Garshasp is a demon called Gandarva who is defeated after much difficulties by the champion near the Farakhkart Sea. A MoreGarshasp is the greatest mythic Persian champion and Rostam is also the preeminent hero in Shahnameh. One of the most mysterious enemies of Garshasp is a demon called Gandarva who is defeated after much difficulties by the champion near the Farakhkart Sea. Akvan Div is also one of the most enigmatic enemies of Rostam who is killed by the hero Rostam after many struggles by the sea. This research looks at the two stories in terms of motifs and structure using the descriptive analytic approach. The results obtained show that the two stories as far as structure and function of two sided forces are concerned and also from the perspective of epic mythic deep structure have amazing resemblances. The structural trend in two stories, and the ideals or archetypal behavior of two champions encourage the assumption that as if the combat of Rostam with Akan Div is another version of the story of the combat of Garshasp with Gandarva or it is maybe that the two stories draw upon the same fountainhead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Study of the history of scholarship on Masnavi in Iran
Khosrow GhasemianAmong Moulana’s works the eminent book of Masnaviin many countries particularly Iran, turkey, Indian subcontinent has been the main interest of many groups and around it many works were created yet till present a codified report has not been presented. Producing s MoreAmong Moulana’s works the eminent book of Masnaviin many countries particularly Iran, turkey, Indian subcontinent has been the main interest of many groups and around it many works were created yet till present a codified report has not been presented. Producing scientific and statistical reports on the history of the state ofscholarship on Masnavi in different countries on one hand cast light to the standpoint of Moulana and Masnavi in that land and on the other hand reveals the importance of Persian language and culture more than the past and also it paves the way for other scholars working in this domain. For this purpose, attempt is made in this article to divide the record of Masnavi scholarship into two periods. All works produced from the past till 1383 aboutMasnavi in the form of compilation, commentary, and translation published are examined, and classified according to the subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Conspiracy to Kill the Prophet and Sahīfah Mal’ūnah: A Study on Validation of a Narrative in Late Shīīte Sources
sayyed ali reza mosavi atharOne of the reports that deals with the assassination of the Prophet and the treaty of the hypocrites is the long report of Huzaifa, which is different from other previous reports. In this report, due to the Huzaifa's character, who had a deep understanding of the hypocr MoreOne of the reports that deals with the assassination of the Prophet and the treaty of the hypocrites is the long report of Huzaifa, which is different from other previous reports. In this report, due to the Huzaifa's character, who had a deep understanding of the hypocrites, and the depiction of the performance of the hypocrites, clarifies the necessity of a research about it. In the review done, there are problems on the remaining text that disturb the trust in it. Because in addition to the sources dating back to the 7th century, there are weaknesses in the report documents, such as confusion, unfamiliarity, and the weakness of the narrators. And in its content, there are evidences of the fakeness of its format and structure, which shows that this report was written based on the writer's imagination and even it is opposed several other reports about the time of the assassination of the Prophet and the place of writing the contract by the hypocrites. Therefore, two possibilities are considered for the mentioned report. First of all, the whole report is taken from other texts, which are non-existent and the author started documenting it, or a part of it is original and was created by people, and in any case, the remaining text is not reliable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Identification of Heteroptera fauna of alfalfa fields in Azarshahr region of Azarbayejan-e-sharqi province, Iran
Ali Reza khalilzadehCollection and identification of insect fauna in agricultural areas is regarded as a fundamental research in plant protection and agricultural entomology. In this study, Heteroptera fauna of alfalfa fields in Azarshahr region of Azarbayejan e sharqi province of Iran was MoreCollection and identification of insect fauna in agricultural areas is regarded as a fundamental research in plant protection and agricultural entomology. In this study, Heteroptera fauna of alfalfa fields in Azarshahr region of Azarbayejan e sharqi province of Iran was studied by means of sweep net and aspirator during 2003–2005. A total of 13 species belonging to 6 families (Alydidae,Lygaeidae, Nabidae, Miridae, Rhopalidae, Pentatomidae) of Heteroptera were collected and identified. The species Nabis pseudoferus, and Nabis capsiformis were identified as predators and other species were phytophagous. Miridae had the most frequency among families and Lygus pratensis, Lygus regulipennis, Adelphocoris Lineolatus, and stenodema turanicam had the most frequent species. Nabis capsiformis was reported for first time from Azarbayejan e sharqi province. New species for Azarshahr region and Azarbayejan e sharqi province marked by one (*) and tow (**) asterisks respectively. Collected families and species were as follow: Alydidae: Nabidae: *Comptopus lateralis *Nabis pseudoferus Lygaeidae: *,**Nabis capsiformis *Emblethis spp Pentatomidae: Miridae: *Carpocoris coreanus *Exolygus pratensis *Carpocoris fuscispinus *Exolygus regulipennis *Dolycoris baccarum *Adelphocoris lineolatus Rhopalidae: *Stenodema turanicum *Corizus hyoscyami *Deraeocoris pallens Manuscript profile
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