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Open Access Article
1 - The names of the Quranic verses, their taxonomy and the reasons for their nomenclature
قاسم بستانی مینا شمخیJust as the surahs of Quran have names, and sometimes they have even several names, and each of these names has a corresponding aspect to the surah; some verses of the Quran also have one or more names for various purposes; which are called the titles of the verses. Th MoreJust as the surahs of Quran have names, and sometimes they have even several names, and each of these names has a corresponding aspect to the surah; some verses of the Quran also have one or more names for various purposes; which are called the titles of the verses. The origin of the naming of some of the titles of the Quranic verses are the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Imam’s (PBUH) narrations; which have become popular in the language of people for some reasons; and some of them are for stating a subject which is juridical, theological, historical, etc. In this article, an attempt is made to - based on desk researches, and analyzing data and summarizing them, and also by examining the verses of Quran, narrations, interpretations and other religious texts-first, all of the names of the verses of Quran be introduced, in an alphabetical order. Then, the reason for naming each one be mentioned. After that, the numbers of verses be separated, according to the largest numbers of the names. At the end, the scientific type of the names of some verses be stated (juridical, verbal, interpretive, ethical and historical). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Nature, Function, and Effects of the Greatest Divine Name: A Rehearsal of its Reading and Typology
RamazanAli Mardani Hamed Khani (Farhnag Mehrvash) Mahdi Afchangi MohammadAli MirIt is a widespread belief among Muslims that God has got a name which is unknown to almost everybody, hence only a very few and limited number of people might be aware of it. It is such that one who remembers God or calls on him through pronouncing His rarely known but MoreIt is a widespread belief among Muslims that God has got a name which is unknown to almost everybody, hence only a very few and limited number of people might be aware of it. It is such that one who remembers God or calls on him through pronouncing His rarely known but miraculous name will soon find his desire fulfilled, hence miraculous jobs may be accomplished in the world of creation only through pronouncing it. Muslims have since called it the Greatest Divine Name (ism-e A`zam) and have written a lot on how to obtain it, and its various functions, coupled with many related anecdotes. The present work surveys an overview and presents a classification of such conjectures, with an outlook unto its nature, hence an attempt to take an initial step to formulate a conception of the Greatest Divine Name in Islamic culture and teachings. Without overlooking its nature or historical process of identification, the present work attempts to piece together Muslims' attention to it, all drawing upon reliable anecdotes, exegetical comments, moral hints, and theological and philosophical views as scattered here and there in various works. It will then make a ground for reviewing various views of the phenomenon of the Greatest Divine Name, with the historical trends that fostered ahead any of them, together with their socio-cutural background Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Elaboration of Countractual Factors of Disputs Arising out of Domain Name
Parviz Savrai Fatemeh PourmasjedianThe different names of internet’s domain are easy obtainable shapes of internet ddresses and usually will be used to find the web sites. The Domain Name System (DNS) is an international address system and is a unique guidance to locate addresses in the virtual wor MoreThe different names of internet’s domain are easy obtainable shapes of internet ddresses and usually will be used to find the web sites. The Domain Name System (DNS) is an international address system and is a unique guidance to locate addresses in the virtual world. In today’s world, which tendency is to eliminate or limit traditional communication methods, responding to legal issues related to domain names, for example disputes related to registration or usage with bad faith of domain names similar or equal to other’s trademarks, is inevitable. The main question is, what are the limits of relevant legal laws, in our existed rules and regulations for domain registration contract or transfer of it? In this regarded s of course the regulations of transnational, and following intern network, and finally the legal centre of domain name should be considered. On the top of the issues of related applicable rules, if there are needs to govern new rules then, what are the structure of those rules could be? This thesis is trying to focus on domain name subjects and answer to related questions which are due to lake of relevant laws and procedural rules are faced with ambiguities the results of this research about legal nature of the domain name approved that the domain name actually is on of the types of intellectual properties considering the following notes: - The function of domain name is purely used in cyberspace. - The main goal of users in first step is to have access to their desired information networks in order to receive political social, cultural, economical, commercial, and trade information for their different purposes. - The judgement from judicial authority could be enforced for registration of domain name or cancellation and transfer of it, subject to not exported out conflict judgment from international arbitration centres. - The owner of domain name, subject to observe rules and regulation, should be supported by laws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Examining the Impact of Feelings and Brand Perceptions in Purchasing of the Same Name Fragrances
T. Sadeghi M. Lashkary Kh. Ghaemmaghami TabriziThe perfume industry has made the highest earnings as compared to the other Cosmetics and Toiletries industries. Perfume has turned into a fashionable goods rather than a luxurious item in the modern societies. Moreover, various perfume brands are being launched in the MoreThe perfume industry has made the highest earnings as compared to the other Cosmetics and Toiletries industries. Perfume has turned into a fashionable goods rather than a luxurious item in the modern societies. Moreover, various perfume brands are being launched in the market annually making the selection harder for the customers. Because of the tremendous costs imposed on the newly-launched companies in the market, studying and recognizing the target groups and their preferences will noticeably locate the right markets and reduces the cost and possibility of perfume products failure. Although numerous studies have been conducted in Iran on various cosmetics and beauty products, this research is a pioneering one in dealing with the perfume industry. This research has attempted to examine the impact of customers’ feelings and brand perceptions in purchasing of the same name fragrancesand the rate of their familiarity with this concept of perfume. Furthermore, this study was an effort to investigate the effective factors in perfume purchase and their relationships with feelings and brand perception in purchase decision under a model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Synoptic View of Aghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei's Thoughts and Works
Amir Javan ArastehAghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei possesses a high status inphilosophical and mystical discussions. Despite this fact, scarcely anyresearcher has investigated thoughts and theories of such importantsage. Although understanding and explanation of mystical thoughs ofsuch person MoreAghā Mohammad Rezā Ghomshei possesses a high status inphilosophical and mystical discussions. Despite this fact, scarcely anyresearcher has investigated thoughts and theories of such importantsage. Although understanding and explanation of mystical thoughs ofsuch person as Aghā Mohammad Rezā – who is considered as one ofthe most major expositors of Ibn al- Arabi's school – is out of writer'sreach, but this article aims to clarfy some aspects of his thinking bypacing through his writings as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Ibn Sina on “Divine Attributes”
mohsen Ghasempour Seyed Abbas Zahabi Mohammad SeedimehrIn the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic MoreIn the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic philosophical thought, Ibn Sina's thought, as the most influential and stable ideas in the field of philosophy, which has caused profound intellectual changes, has special advantages. This article has tried to explain the relationship between the geometry of this sage's opinions in the basic axes of the discussion of divine names and attributes, ie “objectivity of essence and attributes” and “conceptual unity of attributes” by modeling this philosophical thought in the geography of Shiite thought. The final finding of the research emphasizes the fact that in Ibn Sina's view, “objectivity of attributes with essence” is in fact the basis of the theory of “conceptual union of attributes” and the connection between the two titles is necessary; Therefore, Ibn Sina, based on an accurate understanding of the “objectivity of essence and attributes” and subsequently, has proposed this specific theory in the “conceptual union of attributes”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Movement of God’s love in Creation and its Relation to the Breath of the All-merciful
فاطمه عباسیLove is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in His MoreLove is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in Hisown form, universe is beautiful and God loves beauty. If there was nolove, the Loving and the All-merciful God were not recognized. Lovein its absoluteness exists in all seen and unseen creatures. The Loving’sfirst manifestation is the theophany of the Divine Essence for Itself, inthe images of all the fixed entities (al-a‘yān al-thābita) in the DivineKnowledge. By the second manifestation the immutable entitiesappeared in the outward world. So every thing were emanated by love.Since the universe was manifested by the Breath of the All-merciful,the essence of this Breath is love. God created the universe by Hisbreath. He created it and made Himself recognized because if He wasnot recognized His names and attributes were not manifested and theuniverse remained in nonexistence (‘adam). Therefore, God’s love ofthe recognition of his names and attributes is the cause of creation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Divine Name: The Key to the Mystical Path
رویا Mosavi محمد Asadi MT Fa'aliThis article tries to look at the path toward God in Islamic mysticism with the emphasis on Devine Names. In other words, through Devine Names we try to recognize and define the states of mystical path. For this purpose, we collect different views about the mystical jou MoreThis article tries to look at the path toward God in Islamic mysticism with the emphasis on Devine Names. In other words, through Devine Names we try to recognize and define the states of mystical path. For this purpose, we collect different views about the mystical journey from Sufi works, then we extract the common Devine Names parallel to each state of the journey. Since, as Sufis mentioned, Devine Names have an effect on each other, especially the Seven Names of God are the bases for Divine manifestation, so they are the principal elements for the God realization and assuming the Divine character. Therefore, as the mystics say, the Devine Names are the keys for the locked gates of the mystical path. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparative Linguistic Stylistics in Rostam’s Combat with Ashkbous in Shahnamaeh and Amroas’s Combat with Imam Ali in Ali Nameh
Farshad Eskandari Sharafi Hossein Sahragard hasan heidaryAli Nameh is the first religious epic in Persian literature traced back to fifth A.H. The composer of this versified story is a Shia poet alias to Rabi’e who has composed the descriptions of Imam Ali’s combats, especially his combats in Jamal and Sefein, ver MoreAli Nameh is the first religious epic in Persian literature traced back to fifth A.H. The composer of this versified story is a Shia poet alias to Rabi’e who has composed the descriptions of Imam Ali’s combats, especially his combats in Jamal and Sefein, versus Shahnameh. Applying a descriptive-analytical method and library references, the present paper aims to determine the influence level of this less known religious epic from the stylistic elements of Shahnameh linguistically. This is a comparative study; therefore, at first, we have chosen two stories from Shahnameh, “Rostam’s combat with Ashkbous” and “Amroas’s combat with Imam Ali” and Ali Nameh composed by Rabi’e. The stories were compared and contrasted phonologically, morphologically and syntactically in order to figure out their common and distinct features linguistically. The findings reveal that although Ali Nameh has been composed against Shahnameh 70 years after that, it is highly affected by Shahnameh in term of linguistic styles. In fact, Ali Nameh includes a majority of phonological, morphological and syntactic features of Shahnameh and its Khorasani style. The high level of influence from Shahnameh proves that Shahnameh has always been considered as an indicator and stylist work which has inspired other epic poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparative Study of Attar’s “Virtuous Woman” and Boccaccio’s “Thousand and One Night”
Mahboubeh Moslemi ZadehThe present article studies two stories comparatively: “Virtuous Woman” of Attar’s Elahi Nameh – the attempts of a woman who was accused to disloyalty to be honorable and virtuous; thus she was inevitable to move away and became answered invitati MoreThe present article studies two stories comparatively: “Virtuous Woman” of Attar’s Elahi Nameh – the attempts of a woman who was accused to disloyalty to be honorable and virtuous; thus she was inevitable to move away and became answered invitation against the adversity – “thousand and one night” by Boccaccion is a novel about a princess who faces events and accidents during the travel to his husband – Morocco’s king – and had to accept some requests. The aim of this paper is to study two stories – which are from different nations – similarities, the number of events, the travels’ goal, stories’ characters, time, place and the narrators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The comparison of Ardaviraf Nameh and Al Qofran Resalah’s look on the afterlife
Gord Afarin Mohammadi Jalil NazariThe main subject of Meraj Nameh is “journey”. The passengers of these spiritual journeys explain the ourney of their spirit since they ascent according to their beliefs.“Viraf” – the Zoroastrian priest – and “Ibn Qareh” &n MoreThe main subject of Meraj Nameh is “journey”. The passengers of these spiritual journeys explain the ourney of their spirit since they ascent according to their beliefs.“Viraf” – the Zoroastrian priest – and “Ibn Qareh” – the Arab poet and writer – are two passengers to the afterlife who explain their observations and the status of their journey.The present article analyzes the quality of their journey to the afterlife and surveys the similarities and differences of their books – Ardaviraf Nameh and Al Qofran Resaleh with a comparative look.The author of the present article tries to express the similarities as well as the effect of Ardaviraf Nameh on Al Qofran Resaleh and introduce this Iranian-Zoroastrian line as the first Meraj Nameh of religions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Comparison on religious and National Epics' Stylistic Features Based on Shahnameh and Khavaran Nameh
Majid Reza Khazaei VafaHearing the term "epic" mostly evokes the works such as Shahnameh in minds and accepting Khavaran Nameh as a subcategory of literary – epic work is difficult for most of the people; since the main character of such works is real, historic and religious. Epic is on MoreHearing the term "epic" mostly evokes the works such as Shahnameh in minds and accepting Khavaran Nameh as a subcategory of literary – epic work is difficult for most of the people; since the main character of such works is real, historic and religious. Epic is one of the descriptive poetries which is based on description of heroes' glorious acts which can be individual or tribal. Religious epic traces a long path in our country since ancient era. Khavaran Nameh is one of the old religious ones for the Shiites in which the main subject is journey and Imam Ali's fights with Eastern countries accompanied with Malik Al Ashtar. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is the greatest and most valid epic verse. Comparison of national epic and religious one based on Shahnameh and Khavaran Nameh is the main aim of the present research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating the position of man before the world in the semantic system of monotheistic lifestyle with emphasis on the thoughts of Imam Khomeini and Allameh Tabatabai
seyyed mohammad taghi mosavifar mohammad hadi mofattehExplaining the semantic system of monotheistic lifestyle is a big and necessary project. This article intends to explain the position of man before the world. In this regard, the Holy Qur'an tells the stories of life before the human world, such as being the caliph of G MoreExplaining the semantic system of monotheistic lifestyle is a big and necessary project. This article intends to explain the position of man before the world. In this regard, the Holy Qur'an tells the stories of life before the human world, such as being the caliph of God, being a teacher in the name of God, being a mosque of angels, bearing the divine trust and To be in the nature of God; Each of these cases is an important part of the semantic system of lifestyle, which is also the surest way to achieve the goals of monotheistic lifestyle. This research has studied the verses of this field with the library analytical method and relying on the opinions of Imam Khomeini and Allameh Tabatabai and has argued the fundamental role of these meanings in the monotheistic lifestyle. He considered it to be the highest human description and according to some narrations, he introduced the Manhiyeh family as the authorities of Ahl al-Bayt, in order to achieve it, one has accepted the hardships of life in this world. He considered the divine nature as the nature of knowledge, monotheism and guardianship, which seeks the attainment of absolute perfection and the appearance of all divine names and attributes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - God's essence and his attributes in view of Avicenna and Ghazali.
faride hakimi Mahdi DehbashiIn Avicenna's idea, knowledge of the God's inner most core is impossible, because human reason is incapable to perceive the very essence of God. But knowing his essence through recognition of his aspects and Monica stations would be possible. These aspects called be kno MoreIn Avicenna's idea, knowledge of the God's inner most core is impossible, because human reason is incapable to perceive the very essence of God. But knowing his essence through recognition of his aspects and Monica stations would be possible. These aspects called be known in the context of understanding Gods Name & existence. Avicenna believes that the Gods existence & attributes are the same and identical. Existence of the main attributes the necessary existence, transcendence which created between his Existence & attribute is one of the considerable issues in theology which has been observed either in essential attributes or attributes of acts. Ghazali has no doubt that in virtue of reason and sharia; there is no similarity between the God & other creatures. What has been denied in account of reason & Sharia is on the context of essential similarity which is accomplished idiomatically between two identical of one kind. Ghazali proves all the attributes which is devoted to those God, but he believes that these attributes are added to his essence and also through his eternity interferences in attributes. Also there are distinctions about some attributes like knowledge between the two thinkers. In this paper, it has been tried to prove the existence of these attributes as real and united with God's essence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Local names Aceraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Leguminosae, Fabales, Betulaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, Buxaceae, Juglandaceae trees in Iran
Ghassem Habibi Bibalani Prisa Mohamadpour Fatemeh Mosazadeh SayadMahalehObjectives: Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is known as a cultural subject that is closely related to the social relations of the community that speaks that language. The purpose of this study is to identify and record the different names used for MoreObjectives: Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is known as a cultural subject that is closely related to the social relations of the community that speaks that language. The purpose of this study is to identify and record the different names used for trees, shrubs and shrubs in different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces from Astara to Ramyan. These provinces also had local names registered. Materials and Methods: The present research has been done by field method and library study. Although all the researchers in this study are fully acquainted with the Gilaki language and dialect, however, to determine the exact Persian equivalent of words and tree-related entries in different local dialects, interview speakers of this language (especially people over 60 years of age Year) did. All the words and terms of this research are related to the most important words and terms related to the trees, shrubs and bushes of the families of the tribes of Aceraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Leguminosae, Fabales, Betulaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, Buxaceae, Juglandaceae in different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan. Results: In this study, 102 local names for the trees of the genus Aceraceae (23 local names), Hamamelidaceae (2 local names), Leguminosae (14 local names), Fabales(18 local names), Betulaceae (9 local names), Fagaceae (20 Local names), Buxaceae (6 local names) and Juglandaceae (10 local names) in Iran, which are mainly the names used in the three provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in different dialects, were recorded. Based on the results of this research, Acer laetum with local names of Bezberg (in Gorgan), Mirzaberg (in Ramyan), Pellet (in Gilan), Milky (in Noor, Kojoor and Mazandaran) and Zbandar (in Bandar-e-Gaz); Acer opulifolium with the local names of Cerco (in Ramyan) and Sefid Cerco (in Katul); Acer platanoides with the local letters Kirk (in pilgrimage) and Kakum (in its length); Alnus glotinosa with the local names of Siatuse (in Lahijan), Tosa (in Rudsar), Tose (in Rasht), Alder (in Gorgan and Mazandaran) and Yellow (in Astara and Tavalesh) are called. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Local names Oleaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Tiliaceae, Ulmaceae trees in Iran
Ghassem Habibi Bibalani Fatemeh Mosazadeh SayadMahalehBackground: One of the types of social studies is the study of the indigenous languages of a region, which is a direct relationship with the relations of the members of a community who were in contact with each other in different eras. Since trees and shrubs have played MoreBackground: One of the types of social studies is the study of the indigenous languages of a region, which is a direct relationship with the relations of the members of a community who were in contact with each other in different eras. Since trees and shrubs have played an important role in the daily life of human societies, so has the need to use specific names for them in societies.Methods: In this study, we tried to survey different areas of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces and conduct interviews also to study the authoritative sources of local names of trees and shrubs in the Oleaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Tiliaceae, Ulmaceae trees.Results: In this study, 106 local names for the trees of the genus Oleaceae (10 local names), Rosaceae (43 local names), Salicaceae (25 local names), Tiliaceae (6 local names) and Ulmaceae (22 local names) in Iran, which are mainly the names used in the three provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan in different dialects, were recorded.Conclusion: Since in many of these areas the local language is fading for various reasons, the collection and registration of these local tree names is very importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A study of Ferdowsi's tone in two stories of Ferdowsi'sShahnameh (Zal and Rudabeh) and (Rostam and Esfandiar)
Mahboobeh Hajiparvaneh Roohollah HadiWhat has been said about Shahnameh and Shahman-e Sharia in various literary books is the superiority of Ferdowsi's epic poetry art.One of the reasons why Ferdowsi's speech is superiorAttention to rhetorical issues is the coherence and harmony of the plot and the unity o MoreWhat has been said about Shahnameh and Shahman-e Sharia in various literary books is the superiority of Ferdowsi's epic poetry art.One of the reasons why Ferdowsi's speech is superiorAttention to rhetorical issues is the coherence and harmony of the plot and the unity of the tune of the Shahnameh to other scholarly writers, Attention to rhetoric, and especially storytelling,The point is far from the viewpoint of Ferdowsi's impeachment. This research investigates Ferdowsi's conversations and tone in two stories of Zal and Roodabeh and Rostam and Esfandiar This is the case in Shahnameh in all discussions, the speaker's and audience's demands And despite the dominance of a mold, the sea and a certain weight Ferdowsi has addressed the subject in different topics and stories, and it makes for the fit between the thoughts and talks and the mind of the reader. In the present speech, which is based on the librarian's style and using techniques for analyzing and describing the content Compare the rhetoric of the story of Zal and Roodabeh and Rostam and Esfandiar from the point of view of tune and conversation We conclude that Ferdowsi's tone in two stories, especially in their conversations, is appropriate to the context of the story and the present audience's demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Explanation and Analysis of Social Features in Tabrizi's Shahanshah Nameh and its Comparison with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
Hamideh Moghadas Hasanali Abbaspoor Esfeden Vahid RoyaniSocial features are the elements or constituents of a community, without which it is not possible to analyze that community. Shahnameh is important as a work arising from cultural, historical, and social heritage. The richness of this work and its importance are so much MoreSocial features are the elements or constituents of a community, without which it is not possible to analyze that community. Shahnameh is important as a work arising from cultural, historical, and social heritage. The richness of this work and its importance are so much that many historical and epic epopees have been written by imitating it, and Tabrizi’s Shahanshah Nameh is an example of them. Making an investigation into the social components in these two works not only leads to the clarification of the ritual of life from Ferdowsi's lifetime to the end of the Mongol rule, but also clarifies the similarities and differences of the social components in these two works. No research has been conducted on this topic so far and the existing cases have only investigated some social components in the Shahnameh. The author seeks to prove the hypothesis that king is the main person of the country in these two works. The results of the research show that the people in the Shahnameh are aware and involved in the politics of their country, but they submit to coercion and bullying in Shahanshah Nameh and do not have any roles in determining their fate. This indicates the suffocating atmosphere of the Mongols' rule during the writing of Shahanshah Nameh. In addition, Shahanshah Nameh is similar to Shahnameh in components such as customs, celebration and mourning customs, and some war customs, but the ones such as the ruling style of kings, social justice, and public awareness are different in these two books. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Imam Ali;his personality and aspects based on Philip Hamon, in khavaran-Name
Khalil Baygzade Bayrammorad Moradi afsane nooriThe great and prominent personality of Ali(p.b.u.h) is in such a way that attract every body and in the history always the writers and poets write about his personality. Like Molana Mohammad IbnHesamKHosefi is the poet of Nineth century. He was the first religious epic MoreThe great and prominent personality of Ali(p.b.u.h) is in such a way that attract every body and in the history always the writers and poets write about his personality. Like Molana Mohammad IbnHesamKHosefi is the poet of Nineth century. He was the first religious epic poet of Persian literature and is from the first poets that Shiiethinkingtrain in it’spoem. The big personality of Ali makes him to say beautiful and mot lines. PhillippHamon. French semiotician, thinks the personality as a symbolic element and develops the theoricsemiotic , basic of personality. In this research wich done on the descriptiue-analytic way, tries to study that Ali’s personality in Khavaran-Name based on thesemioticstheoricpersonality of Philipp Hamonthat knows the personality a conceptual semiotics and a complete sot of thought and features.Hamon knows the personality a sing that constitute ofDALL(name, syntactic status and the rhetoric type) and Referent (characteristics, the speech Act and Behavioral Act). Generally, by studing the personality semiotics we can realizthe characteristics and features of deep-internal layers of people and this sets of behaviors puts as a pattern for ourself. The results of this research stating that the speech Acts, shows two levels of Imam Ali’s personality. In the saying with people he traced back a needless and powerfulpersonality wich has fear of anybody and anything, but in the words that done with God. He pictures as a person that needs is incapable that needs to Gods to do his jobs. His behavioral acts include different acts. Like war, killing, save and soon that the abundant frequency of the actsshowsthe greatstatus of Imam Ali in the story and that he’s move a person wich involved war with enemies and killing them to defend thereligion and muslims. Names and the used tittle for this Imam like; Ali, Heidar and Qashamsham all has a compatibility with the characters and acts of his personality and his names title indicate to all of the qualities that he shows in the story. Manuscript profile -
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20 - Impression of Siasatnameh of Khajenezamolmolk from Tansar letter and Ardeshire babakan’s karnameh
Shahain Pahnadayankhkj khkj Manuscript profile -
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21 - «M. Omid »A study and analysis of the poetry and prose of Mehdi Akhavan Sales
mina hafiziksdjksksdjks Manuscript profile -
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22 - Who is the versifier of Pand Nameh?
مینو Fatoorechilasjlasj Manuscript profile -
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23 - Sleep and sleep in Shahnameh
ahmad zakeri mina golestani -
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24 - On the impact of previous writers and poets on Jami and his creation of “Haft Orang”
Hadi Khadivar Fatemeh Sharifi, -
Open Access Article
25 - Razi-ol-Din Artimani: A Mystic Poet
Zarrin Taj Parhizkar Fateme HeidariMysticism is a knowledge based upon the mystic's moods in which man can communicate with God directly. Hence the word of mystic –prose or verse-is the expression of the mystic's experiences and his unique outlook in regard to universe. It is due to the same cause MoreMysticism is a knowledge based upon the mystic's moods in which man can communicate with God directly. Hence the word of mystic –prose or verse-is the expression of the mystic's experiences and his unique outlook in regard to universe. It is due to the same cause that his words transcend the physical world, understandable for those who are talented or gifted enough to perceive truth.Razi-ol-Din Artimani is one of these mystic poets of eleventh century (Hejri shamsi) whose poems were first published by Mohammad Ali Emami in 1346 (hejri shamsi) . Among his poems which are nearly 1500 lines, Saghi Nameh is more well-known due to its pathetic feelings. This paper will examine his poetry as well as his character. Manuscript profile -
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26 - Relationship Between the Dead of Rostam's Crypt in Bahman Nameh and Mitra Tradition
Iraj Mehraki Leila khezel Thought of birth and death was one of the first human thought that tradition and philosophical schools tried to explain or find answer for it. Vitalization of sun leads to worshipping of sun and even to bury the dead on the special way that keeps their relat More Thought of birth and death was one of the first human thought that tradition and philosophical schools tried to explain or find answer for it. Vitalization of sun leads to worshipping of sun and even to bury the dead on the special way that keeps their relation with sun. One of the most interesting parts of story of poem of BahmanNameh is description of Iranshah from Rostams' crypt and corpse. Corpse of this crypt are buried on the special way. How body of Rostam's family buried on the crypt and even some of other reasons seems that likely this family were followers of Mitra tradition.However, in this paper , clear relationship of burial of dead in Rostam's crypt with Mitra tradition is investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating Allegory in Two Stories of Calileh Va Demneh and Marzban Nameh
Haleh Ajdarnejad ahmad reza YalamehaAllegory is one of the essentioal litrary geners which in Persian literature has a long application, so the aim of this study was to investigate allegory and it types in the four stories of Calileh Va Demneh and Marzban Nameh. The story of “cat and mouse&rdqu MoreAllegory is one of the essentioal litrary geners which in Persian literature has a long application, so the aim of this study was to investigate allegory and it types in the four stories of Calileh Va Demneh and Marzban Nameh. The story of “cat and mouse” and “raven and snake” of Calileh Va Demneh and “rats and snakes” and “mouse and cat” from Marzban Nameh. This study was a descriptive-analytic one, through which the frequency graph was also plotted. The results indicated that all three types of Fable, Parabl and Exemplum are available in the stories and exemplum had the highest frequency. Variant type of exemplum, like, proverb and its distorted versions were also available. The frequency of exemplum and fable was high in Calileh Va Demneh. Manuscript profile -
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28 - Badee Balki and Anoushirvan,s pandname* (reminder)
Hashem MohamadiBadee Balki and Anoushirvan,s pandname(reminder) Abou Mohammad Badee Balkhi is the poot of 4 th century . Ther are a lot of differences among biographers regarding his name and penname,one of his works is "Masnavi of Rahatol Ensan" deriver from Anoushirvan,s pandnameh. MoreBadee Balki and Anoushirvan,s pandname(reminder) Abou Mohammad Badee Balkhi is the poot of 4 th century . Ther are a lot of differences among biographers regarding his name and penname,one of his works is "Masnavi of Rahatol Ensan" deriver from Anoushirvan,s pandnameh. The poetical topic of this book that is full of mottos, maxims, and advice,has a simple and practical dimensi on and reminds us of the maxims remained from great people narratives based on the statements of my thologic and historical characters. In this paper this book and its stylish, literary and artistic features have been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The moral & didactic educates of philosophers’ Kheradnameh in Nezami’s Eghbalnameh
ali afzaliNezami-Gangei is one of the few writers on whose works one can find the effects of Greek philosophy. As a matter of fact, he has combined Islamic thoughts with Greek philosophy and by means of which has given a didactic color to the world-view of theologians. As it is k MoreNezami-Gangei is one of the few writers on whose works one can find the effects of Greek philosophy. As a matter of fact, he has combined Islamic thoughts with Greek philosophy and by means of which has given a didactic color to the world-view of theologians. As it is known the philosophy of the old thinkers is based on training man’s moral aspects. As a result of this, it can be true to say that the source of didactic literature is in Greek philosophy. These philosophers, indeed, were the first teachers of morality for training the people, and by the use of rational reasons and by objectifying problems; they helped people find their way to happiness. Therefore, after the entrance of Greek philosophy in Persian literature, one can claim that this philosophy is a model for the poets and writers. In the article in hand, the philosophical world-view and the didactic teachings of three famous Greek philosophers (Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle) are going to be discussed with a special attention to the poetry of Nezami in Ighbal name. Manuscript profile -
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30 - In the name of Allah the Merciful the Compassionate in the lyrical long poems of the Persian literature*
ahmad reza YalamehaLyrical long poems are among the most important literary forms that usually attract a great deal of readers. Although, the main theme of these works includes love and romantic subjects, because of, structure, and meaning of Persian poetry such as eulogy, advice, moral a MoreLyrical long poems are among the most important literary forms that usually attract a great deal of readers. Although, the main theme of these works includes love and romantic subjects, because of, structure, and meaning of Persian poetry such as eulogy, advice, moral and religious subjects, chanting etc….all have been collected in this literary form. One of the high frequency content In many of these long lyrical poems is the theme of In the name of Allah the Merciful and the Compassionate. This theme has been suggested, especially at the beginning of long lyrical poems. This paper attempts to study the use of this noble Quranic phrase in the works of the famous speakers and poets of the Persian language from point of view of consecration, the blessings, the help and the like, therefore, different long poems that begin with these words have been introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A Reflection of Allegorical and Verbal Names of God in Attar’s Woks
M. Mostafavi A. M. MoazeniReflection of the allegorical and verbal names for Allah in the works of Sheikh Farid al-Din Attar Neishabouri, especially in his Masnavi collection of poems, is of great importance and value. In order to find out how the names for Allah is used in the works of this mys MoreReflection of the allegorical and verbal names for Allah in the works of Sheikh Farid al-Din Attar Neishabouri, especially in his Masnavi collection of poems, is of great importance and value. In order to find out how the names for Allah is used in the works of this mystic poet, it is necessary to be aware of his opinion about His names and attributes. This paper firstly specifies Attar’s ideas in this regard, and then according to research data concludes that he doesn’t consider His names to be confined to what He has given to Himself in the Devine Book of Quran. Then it studies the way some of His names have been reflected verbally, realistically and allegorically, giving examples from his works and considering their different aspects of form and concept. Careful study of allegorical and symbolic stories of Attar makes it clear that his spiritual disposition is "pantheism" and, therefore, full compliance and real unity between the Divine Names and Attributions is evident in his works. This feature makes works of Attar a collection of the Divine Names that often are expressed with short allegories and mystically. Manuscript profile -
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32 - The Universe and its Educational Images at the sight of Atar
ata mohammad radmanesh elham MoeiniyanAlthough Attar has never enjoyed and benefitted from this world m but as he had experienced the tyranny attacks of Mongol Ilghar and Ghoz Turk rebels to Iran during which the poverty, oppression, corruption and misery were spreading in Iran, he has not looked at this wo MoreAlthough Attar has never enjoyed and benefitted from this world m but as he had experienced the tyranny attacks of Mongol Ilghar and Ghoz Turk rebels to Iran during which the poverty, oppression, corruption and misery were spreading in Iran, he has not looked at this world in a poetic style , and in fact the pedagogical views and images of the world have been drawn by him in the framework of the poems and because of this, neither these images are pleasant nor suitable, and some of them are horrible and terrible. Sometimes some beautiful images and views are seen but they are deeply filled with fear and grief, and because they are linked to the afterlife, they are not drawn properly. In this thesis the world is going to be seen in the view point of this poet and those pictures present among his speeches are introduced and provided for the careful readers. Among his works the most concerns are regarding Elahi Nameh, Asrar Nameh, and Tazkerat-al-Olia. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Mythological Analysis and Criticism of the Mystical Poems of Faghir Basir Al-Din Shirazi (Case Study of Vahid Nameh) Based on a Post-environmental Approach in Art
Roham Amirpour Amraee Mohamad Reza Sharif Zadeh Abolfazl Davoudi Roknabadi Pezhman DadkhahStatement of question: One crucial aspect of contemporary art analysis lies in the widespread adoption of environmental criticism. This approach consistently seeks to identify historical connections between the appearances of nature and art, contributing to their mutual MoreStatement of question: One crucial aspect of contemporary art analysis lies in the widespread adoption of environmental criticism. This approach consistently seeks to identify historical connections between the appearances of nature and art, contributing to their mutual enhancement. For instance, consider a poem by the poet Basir al-Din Shirazi that describes a province in Iran with a once distinctive vegetation cover, now diminished. Through this method, we can ascertain the contemporary adaptations and discern that the reduction of a particular element (such as a pine tree) may be linked to the increased occurrence of floods in the region. However, this study aims to delve deeper, fostering a more profound understanding of our ecological impact. Purpose: Beyond environmental correlations, this research endeavors to introduce a new creative dimension to the realm of art. It explores a specific sub-part, employing an alternative approach to the literature and mystical conduct of Zahabiyeh. Research method: This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, combining qualitative and practical information gathered from both library and field resources. Conclusion: Finally, our research reveals that, despite a human-centered epistemological focus, our understanding of mythology and its symbolism is integral. This comprehension serves as the key to connecting and applying previously acquired knowledge, contributing to a more concrete understanding. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Ontology and its derivatives In the view Of two dynasties kobravieyyeh and sohravardieyyeh
Fatemeh ShekhlovandExistences and its related topics in the Islamic Gnosticism have special importance. In this case, scholars and grandees of these series have presented the outstanding theories. In this paper, existence and its derivatives such as divine names and traits, expression and MoreExistences and its related topics in the Islamic Gnosticism have special importance. In this case, scholars and grandees of these series have presented the outstanding theories. In this paper, existence and its derivatives such as divine names and traits, expression and manifestation have discussed by these dynasties. So, we try to point out theories of their scholars about Gnostic doctrine and the present differences and similarities in their views. Some Of them emphasize on the relationship between exitstence with Universe and human beings that the real existence belongs to god and other creatures are his manifestations. For instance, Saadaddin Hamoyyeh, Azizaddin Nasafi, repeatedly say that Allah is the existence of the posing nothingness, and all creatures are the nothingness of the posing existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Theosophical Principles of Intercession in Islamic Mysticism
Mojgan Mahinroosta Monirossadat Pourtolami Monireh SayyidMazhariIntercession and having faith in it is one of the essential teachings in Islam. Obtaining enough knowledge about this essential principle of religion and its rational and theosophical principles provides the condition for taking benefit from this diving grace. From the MoreIntercession and having faith in it is one of the essential teachings in Islam. Obtaining enough knowledge about this essential principle of religion and its rational and theosophical principles provides the condition for taking benefit from this diving grace. From the point of view of Muslim theosophists, Intercession is suggested according to the principle of higher possibility and perfecting the capability of the recipient .From the point of view of Muslim theosophists Intercession is realized by the perfect man in the arc of descent and ascent ,by God’s Most Beautiful Names and the relation between these Names with divine grace and forgiveness and mediation of Perfect Man as a manifestation of divine Name in the sphere of humanity .Having faith in Perfect Man’s role as the vicegerent of God on the earth and his superiority and guardianship over other creatures facilitates accession to intercession .This is on account of the fact that the Perfect Man‘s heart is the mirror of God’s Names and His essential self- manifestation which is going to manifest in the world by being manifested in him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Paraphrased Concept of "Divine Caliph" in Sura Baqarh
MohammadReza Aram Fatemeh Rahmani Seyed ShokriThis research is a paraphrased explanation of the word "Caliph" (Khalifeh) in Sura Baghareh. Keeping in mind the importance of investigation in Quranic words and phrases, the writer has come to perceive the true meaning of "Divine Caliph" after studying Lexi MoreThis research is a paraphrased explanation of the word "Caliph" (Khalifeh) in Sura Baghareh. Keeping in mind the importance of investigation in Quranic words and phrases, the writer has come to perceive the true meaning of "Divine Caliph" after studying Lexical meaning of the word through prudence and thinking over Verses 30-39 of Sura Baghareh in the Quran. It is done by using true meaning of existing key words and phrases in the above mentioned verses and it looks like that she has reached the true meaning of this title in human being. To this end, existential structure of "Adam" and his mission has also been purported. In this study the effect of real teaching of "Al-Asma kolloha" in human,s structure has been studied. The result is perfect manifestation of God's names (attributes) in human being. The main factor in proving the attribute of "Divine Caliph" to be true is the perfect manifestation of God's attributes in human being accordance of which will be followed by the obedience of all the world forces to human being. That is shown in the form of angels bowing to Adam as stated in Quran.. In fact Imams (P.b.u.t) are whom that names and attributes of " Lord of all the world"(Rab-ol -Alamin) have been put in practice in them in full sense and this is the conceptual meaning of " Then he gave Adam knowledge of the nature and reality of all things and everything." Manuscript profile -
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37 - The Analysis of Tajalli (Epiphany) in Divan-e Shams
azim hamzeian Tannaz Rashidi NasabTajalli (Epiphany) of God in the universe is one of the most notable intellectual foundations of Sufism. The Gnostics believed that the universe is an epiphany of God's names and attributes and the most important of them is the “Perfect Man” that is the most MoreTajalli (Epiphany) of God in the universe is one of the most notable intellectual foundations of Sufism. The Gnostics believed that the universe is an epiphany of God's names and attributes and the most important of them is the “Perfect Man” that is the most perfect tajalli in the universe. Rumi is known as one of the greatest mystics of the Sufi history.. Rumi, has introduced the most complete emergence of perfect human in Sufism – in the most of his poems – Shams -e Tabrizi, so in this work, he has been praised Shams. This study is to expression and show the Rumi explores ideas about the that in fact, with his mystical view about emergence of the names and attributes of God with descriptive and analytical method in Divan-e-Shams, according to Supererogatory proximity hadiths and duties, the great epiphany of God, has been discussed at the ultimate unity. Manuscript profile -
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38 - The Relation between Fixed Entities and the Immortality of Moral Values in Ibn Arabi's Philosophy of Ethics
Nasim Hojjati Inshaallah Rahmati Parviz Abbasi DakaniMorality and moral values are fundamental aspects in life and belief in the absoluteness and stability of moral values has direct and indirect effects on the major issues of human life, especially in modern societies. One of the beliefs about moral absolutists is the ob MoreMorality and moral values are fundamental aspects in life and belief in the absoluteness and stability of moral values has direct and indirect effects on the major issues of human life, especially in modern societies. One of the beliefs about moral absolutists is the objectivity of moral values, according to which the origin and standard of morality are derived from objective, fixed and real truths. This article is dedicated to examining the views of Muhyi-Al-Din Ibn Arabi, the Andalusian muslim mystic and philosopher, in this regard. Therefore, according to Ibn Arabi's theory of divine names and fixed entities, the objectivity of moral values and their immortality and eternity is a fixed and certain thing. According to Ibn Arabi, there is no existence other than God and creation was and will be nothing but the appearance of His names and attributes. According to the theory of divine names and fixed entities, moral virtues and values are nothing but the names and attributes of God, which were manifested by divine holy grace in the fixed entities and in man, which is the place of comprehensive manifestation of divine names, and in the form of morality are emerging. Moral values, attributes and deeds are nothing but the appearance of the names of God and their fixed entities. Manuscript profile -
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39 - The Relationship between God and Man in Ibn 'Arabi's School
Amir hossin Abdollahi Mohammad Ali Abbassian Chaleshtori Reza Rasouli Sharabiani Abdolreza SafariIn Ibn 'Arabi's view, the relationship of the Supreme God with man is not based on Divine essence (divine unity), because it is required that God's essence be one, and it cannot be summed up by relation, connection and duality. Therefore, God's essence is superior to th MoreIn Ibn 'Arabi's view, the relationship of the Supreme God with man is not based on Divine essence (divine unity), because it is required that God's essence be one, and it cannot be summed up by relation, connection and duality. Therefore, God's essence is superior to that of establishing a relationship with man. On the other hand, man cannot communicate with the God's essence; because, first, communication is posterior to knowledge; secondly, man is incapable of knowing his own substance of essence and self; thirdly: the essence of self has a tendency to return to God's essence; thus, man's essential connection with God is impossible. However, the inner knowledge of the soul in divine names and qualities is possible, and this makes it possible to establish a nominal connection with the supreme truth. In fact, the existential philosophy of human creation is the nominal interaction of God with man. Also, these are those divine names that call for effects in the universe and the universe needs them to survive, and man, as the vicegerent of God, has a mission to manifest them on the earth, according to his freedom and authority. In Ibn Arabi's view, the nominally mutual relationship between man and God is inward and it consists of two kinds of "mutual resemblance" and "identical" relationships. The mutual resemblance relationship is considered for the general human being, and the identical relationship is considered for God's saints and perfect men. This identical relationship can reach to the point where God has become closer to the human being than his own perfect human self, and ultimately leads to the nominal monotheism and the nominal identical relationship between the perfect man and God Manuscript profile -
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40 - Names and Attributes with an Approach to the Works of Mojtahed Amin Esfahani
Zahra KashanihaOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of m MoreOne of the significant issues that has been mentioned both in the Qur'an and by mystics is the names of God. Hakim Nosrat Amin Esfahani; Contemporary commentator and mujtahid; In his weighty book and behavior and also in the precious interpretation of the reservoir of mysticism, he has dedicated several pages to the names, divine beauty and supreme attributes of the Almighty, which have been studied in this article. In the Holy Qur'an, it is recommended to recite the divine names, and the Lord of remembrance and the companions of monotheism, recite God Almighty in His names and attributes, and in this way take steps in the stages of conduct. There is no doubt that the remembrance of God through names and attributes is a virtue and can bring man closer to God. There are four verses in the Holy Quran that mention the names of divine beauty and are verses that only mention the names; It has been said. In this article, which is documented by the method of content analysis, first these sublime names from the book of Lady Amin are discussed and then the opinions of some mystics, philosophers and commentators in this regard are expressed and in this regard three important questions: The purpose of counting What are the names in the hadith of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? How does the counting of names cause one to enter Paradise? How can one be created according to the morality of God?, has been researched Manuscript profile -
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41 - An Account of Hierarchy and Realms of Existence from Allameh Tababaei’s Point of View Based on his Philosophical, Koranic, and Mystical Comments
Leila Afsari seid sadraddin tahery Abdolah SalavatiThis paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names MoreThis paper endeavors to study over the standpoint of Allameh Tababaei as a theologian, great commentator, well-aware of the expanse of Islamic mystical thoughts and fundamentals in terms of the hierarchy and realms of existence, and their relationship with divine names and attributes and the universe and the world of revelation and creation, and deliberates on his philosophical, Koranic, and mystical beliefs. What stems from the study of Allameh Tabatabaei’s works is that while making a classifications of the hierarchy of world, he had held three viewpoints, namely philosophical, Koranic, and mystical so that he had three separate classifications due to them. In his philosophical works he points to three realms of wisdom, imagination, and matter and materials, and also in Tafsir Almizan that is interpreted verse by verse, the creatures and realms of existence are classified into the world of revelation and world of creation. However, in his views based on mystical trainings, he has argued over a world that is hierarchically superior to the entire philosophical realms, i.e. the realm of divine names and attributes. Therefore, the writer tries to recognize the consistency or inconsistency of the three viewpoints in addition to the precise description of the perspectives, and compare and study over his Koranic and mystical viewpoints with his philosophical ones. The methods used in this paper are descriptive-analytical together with the reference made to the first hand and library sources. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Women of Azerbaijan Tales and Their Names
Azizeh YousefiThe research was intended to review the women of Azerbaijan homelandtales and their names. The studied statistical population included all women of Azerbaijan homelandtales. The sample particularized the ladies of 35 Azerbaijan homelandtales. The research was designed a MoreThe research was intended to review the women of Azerbaijan homelandtales and their names. The studied statistical population included all women of Azerbaijan homelandtales. The sample particularized the ladies of 35 Azerbaijan homelandtales. The research was designed as descriptive- analytical. Based on library research method and by implementing content analysis procedure, the social status and activities of Azerbaijan women in Azerbaijan homeland history and tales were reviewed. The names of women in epic-lyrical and lyrical stories were analyzed. Factors affecting their naming were explored and studied by descriptive and analytical methods. The findings indicated that the meaning of most of thestories women's names in the reviewed taleswere related to their culture, action, personality and description. Composite nameswere more prevalent among lower class women. Most of the combined names of women, apart from the definition of class and physical description, served to introduce the culture, identity and personality of these women. Phonetically, there also was a correspondence between the names associated with some of the men and women. Manuscript profile -
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43 - Content analysis of Khajeh Abdollah Ansari , s Munajat Nameh With emphasis on cultural and moral messages
Ali Rashidpoor Amin SharifmaneshKhajeh Abdullah Ansari is one of the Sufi scholars and mystics, and the geniuses of Iranian literature.His unique work has transformed this person into an important cultural personality. In spite of being personal, this work is under epistemological books and has social MoreKhajeh Abdullah Ansari is one of the Sufi scholars and mystics, and the geniuses of Iranian literature.His unique work has transformed this person into an important cultural personality. In spite of being personal, this work is under epistemological books and has social, cultural and moral roots. In this paper, using the method of content analysis, after the full text was read, the interpretation and analysis of the content of the Munajat Nameh of Khajeh Abdollah Ansari was discussed; Then, in a systematic process, the main categories and themes were extracted from the text of the Munajat Nameh. The content of the Monajat Nameh was analyzed in two sections of moral and cultural messages. The analysis revealed that Khajeh Abdullah Ansari presented cultural messages in the form of six main themes: sympathetic and peaceful attitude with the other, emphasis on intelligence and wisdom, denial of materialism, life expectancy and attachment of God, emphasis on tolerance and resilience, anonymous emphasis and escape of power. Ethical messages were also presented in the form of six themes: the emphasis on morality and theology, the belief in God, the emphasis on God's repentance, thought in the center of God, the denial of duplicity and hypocrisy, blaming followers of the passion. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Political-pedagogical view of the camel and the pious hordes in Marzban-e-Mail
hossein abbasnejad Parvaneh Adelzadeh kamran pashayi fakhriMarzbannameh has played an important role in the history of Iranian civilization and Islamic societies. This book focuses on human and community attitudes in traditional society. Most of Marzbannameh's stories are allegorical and animalistic. The main reason for using a MoreMarzbannameh has played an important role in the history of Iranian civilization and Islamic societies. This book focuses on human and community attitudes in traditional society. Most of Marzbannameh's stories are allegorical and animalistic. The main reason for using animal characters is probably political and social content. Borderline stories illustrate the function of power in societies. By analyzing the anecdote, one can examine the structure of political culture and its impact on individual and social behaviors. The prevailing political culture in society is related to human relations. In this anecdote, the allegorical characters are the successor characters, that is, the animal is the successor to the thinking, the mood, and the intended concepts of the author and narrator. In this study, the lion, as a symbol of power, is at the top of the pyramid of power, and the force that causes the lion to occupy such a position is his power, power, and dominance over others. The ruler or ruler in the hierarchy of power must delegate duties and responsibilities to persons who have the competence, competence, and ability to perform those tasks, and are not disruptive of order and security as they enter the lion's court. From the educational point of view, we can also mention the losses of the oppression and the consequence of the oppressors of the oppressors of the foregoing and the impatient extremists who seek to preserve their lives, their political position and their status. Manuscript profile -
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45 - the template's aciant look to Mirror, the Soul and the Blood in the wonders of the Amazing creatures and Garshasp nameh
Ali Tasnimi Ahmad Khajeeim Abbas Mohammadian parvin hashempoorAbstractArchetypes are relics of thousands of years and a common heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries. Our Iranian ancestors, like people around the world, were subconsciously in touch with them. One of these collective pat MoreAbstractArchetypes are relics of thousands of years and a common heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries. Our Iranian ancestors, like people around the world, were subconsciously in touch with them. One of these collective patterns is the mirror, which was not the only means of seeing the face; it was associated with spirit, life, future, witchcraft and divinity. According to the book The Wonders of Creatures and Garshasb nameh, the mirror is sometimes a mediator between the earth and the sky, and sometimes the truth-tellers are aware of the secrets. Sometimes the mirror is the window of the soul, sometimes the soul is manifested in it. We know that human life and movement depend on the soul. Blood also makes life possible in the human body and, from the point of view of ancient peoples, accommodates the souls of beings. The ancient people understood the importance of this vital substance and tried in every way to prevent its destruction and consequently damage to their souls. And in various forms such as; Shadows, intellect, subconscious, solar force, reflection of the world, spirit of life, connection between earth and sky, etc. appear. A better understanding of the ancient and the subconscious leads to a better understanding of our people and a better connection with the hidden half of our being and a new window into the inside. The world of the past and literary works. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Features of description in kush name
mohammadnoor ghaedzade khamiri Majid Hajizade Maryam gholamrezabeigiDescribing one of the most effective objects in illustration and a type of expression by which one can create objects, people, behaviors and scenes with words, since the description has a strong link to the epic type, so the poet uses it in his support to visualize and MoreDescribing one of the most effective objects in illustration and a type of expression by which one can create objects, people, behaviors and scenes with words, since the description has a strong link to the epic type, so the poet uses it in his support to visualize and visualize because the element of description is a means to make the various scenes tangible and tangible in the context of epic poetry on the basis of epic poetry. This article examines the subject of description in kush name with descriptive-analytical method. The results show that different subjects such as nature, persons, abstract matters, time, place, objects, gifts, battlefield and animals are described in Kush Nama.In order to demonstrate the descriptive power of the speaker of the system, his descriptions are first looked at in a grammatical aspect and then the analysis of poetic grammatical techniques has been discussed The frequency of grammatical techniques is higher than poetic ones. Among grammatical techniques, adjective has the highest frequency and among poetic techniques, simile has the highest frequency. Furthermore, in this system, the poet sometimes uses a few participlus techniques in describing a single subject and sometimes uses a technique successively in describing different subjects. Manuscript profile -
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47 - Mention, the great name, the non-obscuration of names and the place of the attributes of divine glory and beauty in the course and conduct in the shadow of Najm Kabri's works.
shahrouz goudarzimonfared amir mehdi Mohabbaty Jalil Tajlil roghoye sadraeeIrfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobr MoreIrfan is based on divine providence in the first level and in the next level based on knowledge, love, self-cultivation, solitude, remembrance, fasting, purity, hearing, pure submission to the complete sheikh and negation of conscience and satisfaction. Najm al-Din Kobri, a great mystic of the 6th century and the beginning of the 7th century, who is known by his eternal students. It has great ideas that are still unknown. The necessity of this research occurs because many of the thoughts of this sheikh, who has remained abandoned, have a different wording from other mystics. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library and documentary studies, has investigated the zikr and its related issues in the works of Najmuddin Kobari. In addition to dhikr, we discuss controversial topics such as the great name, the prohibition or non-possession of names, and the place of the attributes of divine beauty and glory in the conduct of this Sheikh Wali Tarash. Of course, wider research is needed to resolve the ambiguities and mysteries of Sheikh Kabri's thought. Manuscript profile -
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48 - The adjective maker suffixes in Faramarz Nameh
Sayyed Mohsen Sajedi Rad Tayebeh NajarzadehHbsyh, any In this article we examined the adjective maker suffixes in Faramarz Nameh, that is a very old epic texts. Therefore we see, that these adjective makers have divided into two single meaning and multiple meaning groups. In multiple meaning suffixes, we have ex MoreHbsyh, any In this article we examined the adjective maker suffixes in Faramarz Nameh, that is a very old epic texts. Therefore we see, that these adjective makers have divided into two single meaning and multiple meaning groups. In multiple meaning suffixes, we have explained any concept that any suffix has been refer to it. Some of the suffixes after combine with a noun or adverb or infinitive will make any adjective by some changes in vocabulary grammar. Sometimes also, the suffixes will be combined by adjective and without any change in grammar group, changes it into compound adjective. Persian language suffixes are numerous and expanded. In this little time of this article, we have only examined the adjective maker suffixes by limited witnesses from Faramarz Nameh distiches. It also has been examined the abundances frequency of them. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Analysis of the structure of the letter and letter of Hafez with the epic elements approach
Dd.Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi Persian literature is a valuable treasure trove of letters and letters from Iranian poets. The storyteller is a kind of literary system in which the poet addresses to the savage, complains about the instability of Dehra, and by asking for the wine he wants More Persian literature is a valuable treasure trove of letters and letters from Iranian poets. The storyteller is a kind of literary system in which the poet addresses to the savage, complains about the instability of Dehra, and by asking for the wine he wants to put on the wounds of the days of Dun, an ounce of forgetfulness. Mukhninameh is another literary letter in which the poet refers to Mukhninameh and, for his sake, calls on him to sing and sing. Often, poets have paid attention to these two types of literary works for the importance and beauty of the two, and less poetry has paid attention to only one of these. In this research, along with a glimpse into the storytelling and expressing its features, the structure of the storyteller and the Mukhninameh name of Hafez, we have shown that Hafez, using political and social contexts, provides a totally rich form in the service of a purely political subject - And according to the findings of this research, it can be said that in the epic poem of Hafez poetry, there is a close connection between the epic spirit governing poetry and the language used by Hafiz. Based on this, Hafez's language uses epic capacities to bring its socio-political subjects and even lyrical subjects into a beautiful and different way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - A Comparative Study of the Honor of the Mazd Religion in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Sassanid Pahlavi Texts
farzad dolatkhah ramin sadeginejad Rasoul EbadiHospitality and welcoming a guest is one of the most distinguished characteristics of Iranians, showing their personal and social identity. The term Myazad means hospitality and setting table for the guest with specific traditions. Honor of setting table for the guest i MoreHospitality and welcoming a guest is one of the most distinguished characteristics of Iranians, showing their personal and social identity. The term Myazad means hospitality and setting table for the guest with specific traditions. Honor of setting table for the guest is one of the most distinguished symbols of hospitality among ancient Iranians. This has been mentioned in the Sasanid and Pahlavi writings and some chapters of most writings of those eras have been dedicated to such tradition and honor. On the other hand, Ferdowsi’s Shah Nameh is a highly valuable work in which one can study old and ancient traditions of Zoroastrians including setting table. The aim of the present study is to show valuable aspects of guest and honor of the tradition thorugh comparative study of Mayzad ancient tradition in the Pahlavi writings and Ferdowsi’s Shah Nameh. Happy face of the host with the guest, sacrificing animals specially lamb and sheep to the guest, boiling vegetable seeds in milk with the aid of Harkareh stone, spreading bread in table, respecting the guest, taking Barsam at hand and chanting Baj or praying next to the sacred fire, eating food with closed mouth, washing hands thanking God after having meal (Zamzam) are among the main symbols of honoring the guest in Mayazad ancient tradition, shown in different parts of Shah Nameh and Pahlavi Sasanid writings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Local Name of some trees in Gilan province
Ghassem Habibi Bibalani Parisa Mohamadpour Fatemeh Mosazaded SayadMahalehOne of the most important things in rural tourism and nature tourism and recreation in forested areas with tree cover knows local names trees as part of social linguistic data. Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is recognized as a cultural subject tha MoreOne of the most important things in rural tourism and nature tourism and recreation in forested areas with tree cover knows local names trees as part of social linguistic data. Social linguistics is a type of linguistic study that is recognized as a cultural subject that is closely related to the social relations of the community that speaks that language. One of the things that play an important role in local dialects is the names of trees and shrubs. The Gilan Province (Chabouksat City to Astara City) have different subcultures, as well as different dialects, but have a common origin. In this study, it was tried to visit different areas of these province and conduct interviews and also to study the authoritative sources of local names of trees and shrubs. In this study, about 90 local names for the trees in Gilan Province, which are mainly the names used in this provinces in different dialects, were recorded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Local names of plants in different parts of Iran (letters "B", "P" and "T")
Ghassem Habibi BibalaniOne of the most important issues in the use of plants in medicine and nutrition, in addition to knowing the scientific names, their native and local names are also of special importance so that researchers can easily access the indigenous knowledge of different ethnic g MoreOne of the most important issues in the use of plants in medicine and nutrition, in addition to knowing the scientific names, their native and local names are also of special importance so that researchers can easily access the indigenous knowledge of different ethnic groups. Therefore, it is important to know local names as part of social linguistic data. This type of study is a type of linguistic study that is known as a cultural subject that is closely related to social relations. It is a community that speaks that language. One of the important factors in local dialects is the names of plants including grasses, trees and shrubs. Different provinces of Iran have different subcultures as well as a variety of different dialects and dialects that sometimes have a common origin and in some cases are directly related to each other. In this study, we tried to record the local names of plants by referring to reliable sources. After reviewing more than 1500 local names in different parts of the country for plants were collected. In this article, 246 local names for trees in different provinces, which are mainly names used in different dialects, are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Analyzing the Character of Female in Sendbad nameh, Samak-e-Ayar and Bakhtiar Nameh on the Basis of Feminist Criticism
Farzad RostamiThe poets and men of letters have long been concerned with “woman” and its characteristics. Many narrators and authors have discussed this issue considering its different existential aspects. The works such as Samak-e-Ayar, Bakhtiar name and Sendbad nameh ar MoreThe poets and men of letters have long been concerned with “woman” and its characteristics. Many narrators and authors have discussed this issue considering its different existential aspects. The works such as Samak-e-Ayar, Bakhtiar name and Sendbad nameh are the works in lyric literature which are written in prose and have analyzed “woman” as a character in tales. The present analytic – descriptive paper studied and compared “woman” in the aforementioned folk tales. The result showcased a positive attitude towards “woman” in Samak-e-Ayar because of enjoying Iranian Cultural themes. Secondly, Bakhtiar name contained more reasonable and positive instances. Finally, Sendbad nameh had a more negative attitude because of being shadowed by Hindu culture and tradition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Creating Poetic Images and Themes Using Geographic Names in Mohammad Ali Bahmani’s Sonnets
Soheil Fatahi Musa Parnian Roghayeh AlaviIn Persian literature writers and poets have had more or less a special interest in geographic knowledge and knowing regions, countries, cities, mountains, rivers and …; and have produced poetic images and themes by means of these elements. Geographic names, whic MoreIn Persian literature writers and poets have had more or less a special interest in geographic knowledge and knowing regions, countries, cities, mountains, rivers and …; and have produced poetic images and themes by means of these elements. Geographic names, which are divided into two categories of general and special, have a wide reflection in contemporary poetry. One of the successful contemporary poets in the field of sonnet is Mohammad Ali Bahmani who has used these elements in producing poetic images and themes. The aim of this article, using an analytical-descriptive approach, has been to extract Bahmani’s techniques in creating poetic images and themes using geographic names and to illustrate the frequency of the mostly used names in his sonnets. The findings of this study shows that Bahmani has mainly used geographical general names among which sky, city, house and mountain have been used more than others. Bahmani has used almost all rhetoric techniques for creating poetic images and themes, while simile has been used more than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Translation of English Brand Names into Persian: Type of translation and font size in focus
Parisa Mohammad Zamani Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi -
Open Access Article
56 - Causes of inefficiency and development of parties in Iran during the first Pahlavi period (Case study : the Social Democratic Party (Egtemaeeyoun Ameeyoun) from 1905-1911)
somaieh emadi rastegar sina forozesh Gholamhossein ZargarinejadThe Democratic Party with the name "Amoun Socialist Sect" entered the country's political scene in the years when the Iranian society was passing through the stormy path of the constitutional revolution from the second parliament of the National Council and became the f MoreThe Democratic Party with the name "Amoun Socialist Sect" entered the country's political scene in the years when the Iranian society was passing through the stormy path of the constitutional revolution from the second parliament of the National Council and became the first and most important political party of the organization with the influence of the European party systems.This party was considered the main symbol of the radical (revolutionary) current, with 28 members in the second parliament and having a clear mission statement and with a program including the complete separation of the political power from the clerical power, the establishment of a compulsory system, compulsory education and the distribution of property among subjects. He worked against the moderate party, which was mainly composed of nobles and clerics. The main issue of this article is why the Democratic Party, which had a more advanced and progressive organization than other parties, could not implement its plans and finally became an ineffective party?The basic finding of the current research is that the factors of inefficiency and non-continuity of the Democratic Party depend on two categories of internal and external factors, among which are the tendency towards imported ideology, the weakness of civil society, autocratic political socialization, not matching with cultural and political issues. and social, Islamization and threats of terror, dependence on foreign governments, disbelief in the position and function of parties, economic attitude and how to reform, and differences of opinion and multiple views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Hero and Anti-Hero in Rustam Nameh Epic by Almas Khan Kandulei Kermanshahi
khalil begzadeh shahnaz geravandiAlmas Khan Kandulei Kermanshahi is an epic, native poet who’s epic and lyrical stories are in Guranian Kurdish and one of epic collections is Rustam Nameh concerning with Iran troops, Rustam head of group and devil troops by heading Zeus weird. This study aims to MoreAlmas Khan Kandulei Kermanshahi is an epic, native poet who’s epic and lyrical stories are in Guranian Kurdish and one of epic collections is Rustam Nameh concerning with Iran troops, Rustam head of group and devil troops by heading Zeus weird. This study aims to assign and analyze the hero character as well as anti-hero in epic of Rustam Nameh due to descriptive-analytical methods, it concluded that hero and anti-hero are the same in physical fighting, and tools and methods, but their goals are diabolical, because hero relies on metaphysical powers, to save the appetitive, fair, generosity, sympathy and braveness that is human’s requirement in all careers, but anti-hero is agent of evil, darkness, trickery, and enemy, besides, the poet sometimes, illustrates himself in illustrating hero personality, it is as if heroes of epic story are a covering means to express the human’s views of humanity of Almas Khan Kandulei Kermanshahi whose legends, the epic stories and customs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Function of Irony in Jang Nameh-ye Nader By Almas Khan Kandouleh'ei
Zahra Gharib Hosseini Hamid Jafari Maryam KaryanySimile, metaphors, irony, and imagery are the main fundamentals of traditional rhetoric that help the poet to create imaginative images. Meantime, irony is more applicable in transmitting ideas and experiences due to its connection with the popular people’s langua MoreSimile, metaphors, irony, and imagery are the main fundamentals of traditional rhetoric that help the poet to create imaginative images. Meantime, irony is more applicable in transmitting ideas and experiences due to its connection with the popular people’s language and using the sources of people's customs and beliefs. In this paper, in order to study and identify irony in people's culture better, Nader Almas Khan Kondoleh's Jangnameh has been studied in a descriptive-analytical way. This poem was written in 12 century AH and is considered as an epic work in the Kurdish language. In this study,it has been studied in a descriptive-analytical way.An examination of irony in Nader's system of Jang Nameh shows that he was aware of the unique role of irony in the spread of language, and the preservation of social customs, has made extensive use of this literary technique. Ironies are some of his own literary achievements and they have enriched the language of his poetry. It is noteworthy that most of the ironies that originate from human emotions or have a deep mythological, doctrinal, and social underpinning have also helped to reinforce the epic aspects. This shows the poet has not been unaware of these ironic implications. Also, the poet's adherence to religious principles has caused many ironies to have a deep belief structure in his poetry. Ironies are some of his own literary achievements and have enriched the language of his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - A Study the names of Animals in Laki proverbs
Yosof Ali Beiranvand Ghasem SahraiProverbs are short and pithy sentences which have abundant uses and are used by people to persuade each other. Each of the Iranian tribes has themselves proverbs, they have made them for their relationship with each other and sometimes with their nature. Among the peopl MoreProverbs are short and pithy sentences which have abundant uses and are used by people to persuade each other. Each of the Iranian tribes has themselves proverbs, they have made them for their relationship with each other and sometimes with their nature. Among the people of Lak, like other people, there are proverbs. The Lak is one of the Iranian tribes that live in provinces such as Lorestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan and so on. The people of Lak speak the Lak language, which is one of the surviving languages of the Pahlavi language. The names of Animals are prominent in the proverbs of this language. This subject can indicate who they live in the mountains and relationship with animals. In this research, we have tried to study the names of animals in Laki proverbs by descriptive-analytical and field methods. So first we have written phonetics them, then translated them to Persian language and examined the position of their use. Finally, we have given equivalent proverbs that existed in Persian or other types of Iranian languages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigation of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (as) in the Holy Quran "From the perspective of the divine test” , Based on the teachings of the Qur'an and hadiths
mahmood khooran Ali Mohammadi AshnaniThe absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool MoreThe absence of the name of Imam Ali (AS) in the text of the Holy Quran, on the one hand, has aroused some Shiite akhbaris to speak about the removal of his name from the Holy Quran, based on some narrations, and on the other hand, some Shiite opponents use it as a tool to cast doubt on the caliphate. (AS) have placed.The omission of the name is based on various causes and materials; One of the reasons that has not been studied scientifically so far is the tradition of the divine test in the caliphate of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Leading researcher, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on verses, narrations and historical evidence, has studied the behavior of groups involved in the test of knowing and following the divine leader in contemporary prophetic society and The irreplaceable role of not mentioning the name of Imam Ali (AS) in revealing the inner menus of individuals and the optimal realization of this important test is reflected Also, assuming the name is mentioned, there are potentially more dangerous consequences Meanwhile, in the introduction, the meaning of some narrations claiming to mention the name, its expression and its suspicion have been removed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The method of discovering Tadlis and its motives in Islamic narrative relations; Example: Darqotni's narration from Jea'bi
Mohammad Afi Khorasani Rouhollah ShahidiTadlis has been one of the significant phenomena in the process of transmitting hadiths, and not paying attention to it will damage the validity of hadith Sanads. This phenomenon is rooted in the history of hadith and many narrators at different levels have committed it MoreTadlis has been one of the significant phenomena in the process of transmitting hadiths, and not paying attention to it will damage the validity of hadith Sanads. This phenomenon is rooted in the history of hadith and many narrators at different levels have committed it. One of the important issues in studying this phenomenon is the method of discovering it in hadith Sanads as well as recognizing the motivations of narrators to do it. In this article, based on an objective example, this important issue has been addressed; This is an example of the Unusual names that Darqotni has used to name his master Muhammad ibn 'Umar Je'abi. A case-by-case analysis of each of these names first proved that they were all in fact refer to Ji'abi; Then the unusualness of these names about Ji'abi and, as a result, Darqotni's Tadlis in mentioning him was proved. In the end, various hypotheses were expressed in Darqotni's possible motives for the Tadlis, the most important of which was his suspicion of Ji'abi at the later period of his life, which may have been pretended not to narrate much from him by changing the method of naming Jiabi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Determining the role of brand on the relationship between consumer culture and word-of-mouth advertising
Fereydoun OmidiThe purpose of this research is to determine the role of brand on the relationship between consumer culture and word-of-mouth advertising. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of survey type. The method of data collection was a su MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the role of brand on the relationship between consumer culture and word-of-mouth advertising. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of survey type. The method of data collection was a survey and using a questionnaire tool, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The collection of information is library and field, and for this purpose, a standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The statistical population of the research was the customers of medium and large stores in Khuzestan province, on the basis of which, a sample of 384 customers was obtained, including the indefinite population and according to Cochran's formula. The structural equation model has also been used to analyze the research data. The results obtained from the research showed that consumer culture has an effect on word-of-mouth advertising in medium and large stores. Consumer culture has an effect on the brand of medium and large stores. Brand influences the relationship between consumer culture and word-of-mouth advertising in medium and large stores. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Tasbīḥ in the Comprehensive Position of Divine Names and Attributes
Mohammad Reza AramThe subject of Walīyullāh, as a collection of divine names and attributes, is one of the most fundamental issues of religion, especially from the perspective of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school. For this reason, religious scholars have spoken about it in a different way acco MoreThe subject of Walīyullāh, as a collection of divine names and attributes, is one of the most fundamental issues of religion, especially from the perspective of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school. For this reason, religious scholars have spoken about it in a different way according to the needs and requirements of their time, which undoubtedly, is important in many ways. In the discussion of the comprehensive truth of divine names and attributes with the subject of Tasbīḥ (glorification), we should finally mention the position and role of Walīyullāh al-ʿAẓam. In the view of Shiism, according to the Ahl al-Bayt (as) school, this position belongs to the guardian of Allah, Imam Mahdi (as); in fact, as the seal of the wilāyat and Walīyullāh, he holds the most final position in the matter of divine guardianship, and the glorification of existence also occurs at his command. Therefore, this article, which is dedicated to the topic of tasbīḥ and glorification in the comprehensive position of divine names and attributes, has introduced and discussed their role in the glorification of existence; and then, according to the stated contents, the influence of His Holiness' presence in the matter of glorification and tasbīḥ in different levels of creation will be explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Concept of Mystical Interpretation of "Khalifeh Elahi"
Fatemeh RahmaniThis research is a paraphrased explanation of the word "Caliph" (Khalifeh) in Sura Baqarah. Keeping in mind the importance of investigation in Qurʾanic words and phrases, the author has come to perceive the true meaning of "Divine Caliph" after studying lexical meaning MoreThis research is a paraphrased explanation of the word "Caliph" (Khalifeh) in Sura Baqarah. Keeping in mind the importance of investigation in Qurʾanic words and phrases, the author has come to perceive the true meaning of "Divine Caliph" after studying lexical meaning of the word through prudence and thinking over verses 30-39 of Sura Baqarah in the Qurʾan. It is done by using true meaning of existing keywords and phrases in the above mentioned verses and it looks like that she has reached the true meaning of this title in human being. To this end, existential structure of Ādam and his mission has also been purported. In this study the effect of real teaching of Asmāʾullāh in humans’ structure has been studied. The result is perfect manifestation of Allah's names (attributes) in human being. The main factor in proving the attribute of "Divine Caliph" to be true is the perfect manifestation of Allah's attributes in human being accordance of which will be followed by the obedience of all the world forces to human being. That is shown in the form of angels bowing to Ādam as stated in Qurʾan. In fact, Imams (as) are whom that names and attributes of "Lord of all the world" (Rabb al-ʿĀlamīn) have been put in practice in them in full sense and this is the conceptual meaning of "Then He gave Ādam knowledge of the nature and reality of all things and everything." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - A Comparative Study of Individual Ethics and Country Administration Teachings of Qabus nameh and Siyāsatnāmeh
Hosein ArianDidactic literature has a long history in Iranian literature. The purpose of didactic works is to educate and train the ethical issues and matters to promote the morality of the audience. Qaboos nameh written by Onsor al-Maali and Siyāsatnāmeh by Khawaja Nizam al-Molk T MoreDidactic literature has a long history in Iranian literature. The purpose of didactic works is to educate and train the ethical issues and matters to promote the morality of the audience. Qaboos nameh written by Onsor al-Maali and Siyāsatnāmeh by Khawaja Nizam al-Molk Tusi respectively, both belong to the fifth century AH, are part of the didactic literature. With its comparative approach, this article tries to analyse the educational teachings of both texts in two fields, i.e. the field of teachings politics and governing, and the field of the individual ethics. The study intends to answer the question of whether there is a difference between these teachings in both of these literary. The result shows that while not neglecting the teachings of politics and civilization, Qaboos nameh focuses more on the teachings of individual ethics. In contrast, Siyāsatnāmeh places more emphasis on the author's purpose in dealing with the politics and governing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Didactic and educational literature in Firdausi's Shah Name
maryam khalili Jahantigh mahdi DehramiShah name is one of the literary masterpieces and because of its comprehensiveness of subject, variety of stories, and philosopher composer is a combination of epic, lyrical and didactic literature. Examining these dimensions leads to better understanding of this litera MoreShah name is one of the literary masterpieces and because of its comprehensiveness of subject, variety of stories, and philosopher composer is a combination of epic, lyrical and didactic literature. Examining these dimensions leads to better understanding of this literary masterpiece and its composer. This research tries to survey the manifestation of didactic literature and its different branches in Shah Name by using the analysis of content. Subjects like attention to religion and religious teaching, advices and ethical results at the end of stories, praise of knowledge and science, ethical excellences, composer modesty speeches and etc ……. A didactic and ethical atmosphere governed in Shah name. Ethical messages in Shah Name in two ways presented first story theme and direct address. One of the lasting secret of Shah Name is Firdausi's advice which originates from his philosophical thoughts, religion and nation. Since these advices are not personal but humanitarian and its therefore comprehensiveness goes beyond particular time and place and include many things. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Analysis of the archetypes of "shadow and wise old man" in Ziauddin Nakhshabi's Tuti Name
Zakiyyeh Dastmard محمود حیدری Alireza ShanazariTuti Namah is a lyrical allegorical prose work by Ziauddin Nakhshabi the mystic of the 8th century AH, who migrated from Khorasan to India. This story is told in the style of "One Thousand and One Nights" and with the story-within-a-story method. Since the main theme of MoreTuti Namah is a lyrical allegorical prose work by Ziauddin Nakhshabi the mystic of the 8th century AH, who migrated from Khorasan to India. This story is told in the style of "One Thousand and One Nights" and with the story-within-a-story method. Since the main theme of many of these works is the conflict between good and evil, happiness and misery, and the author in these stories is looking for a moral result for the audience, it is assumed that these characteristics are on the one hand with the teachings of Muslim mystics and The austerities and worships that they impose on the rebellious soul in their mystic behavior and on the other hand, are consistent with the archetypes of the shadow and the wise old man in the eyes of Jung. The upcoming research is based on qualitative content analysis and with a psychoanalytical criticism approach, in order to prove this hypothesis and answer these questions, how the folk stories of Tutı Nameh can be adapted to the two mentioned archetypes and how these archetypes in the completion of the collective unconscious process and reaching perfection effective? The result indicates that these archetypes are clearly evident in the arguments between Parrot and Khojasteh. Khojasteh's insistence on sexual pleasure and the parrot's warning to her are a manifestation of the relationship between the ego and the reassured soul, which can be analyzed with the archetypes of "shadow" and "wise .... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The necessary of archetype role of the wise old man in education of the human
Mohammad Barani Fatemah TeimooriNizami Gnjavi’s works have been always considered as open and interpretable texts due to the complexity of meaning and language. As a result, it’s been analyzed in different perspectives. Archetype criticism of the literary works is a psychological one that MoreNizami Gnjavi’s works have been always considered as open and interpretable texts due to the complexity of meaning and language. As a result, it’s been analyzed in different perspectives. Archetype criticism of the literary works is a psychological one that has been common like the other interdisciplinary studies in the last decades. The review that studying the themes and images of the Jungian archetypes are in the human nature indicate the universality of human massage and poetry feelings. Emphasizing on the moral principles and trainings is one of the permanent principles of eternity for a work in the Orient. The main purpose of a poet in didactic poetry is the training of philosophy and morals, describing and explaining of the education, philosophic issues, thoughts, and inserting a lesson theme. Eskandar Nameh composed by Hakim Nizami Ganjavi is the manifestation of thoughts besides moral and philosophical principles. He composed the most valuable concepts of humanitarian. As an idealism thinker he raised the personality of hero; namely, Alexander, to help and guide a wise old up to an ideal man in his story. The behavioral characteristics of a human that reach to a perfection and each time this perfection is growing. In the present study with the help of Yung’s psychological school and the archetype, Nizami’s Eskandar Nameh has been studied and the role of old wise man in educational points has been taken into account. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Andarz Nameh, a newly found treatise from Besmel Shirazi
ahmadreza YalamehaAndarz Nameh is a general title for books, and treatises which pay to the wisdom, moral instructions, educational and religious advices that constitutes a large part of didactic literature. The basis of these works is on ethics and their subjects are moral style of livi MoreAndarz Nameh is a general title for books, and treatises which pay to the wisdom, moral instructions, educational and religious advices that constitutes a large part of didactic literature. The basis of these works is on ethics and their subjects are moral style of living, and ways of dealing with people. The structure of Andarz Nameh is also various and composed of three framework of prose, poetry and prose advices. Although many pre-Islamic advices have been recognized, a complete list of this type hasn’t been formulated and there are still many unknown Andarz Nameh. One of these Andarz Nameh is Ali Akbar Navab Shirazi Andarz Nameh, great poet and literary man of 13th century known as Besmel. This literary work is in form of three manuscripts and picture, which is still in the central library of Tehran university and hasn’t edited or published yet. This research paper firstly looks briefly at writing Andarz Nameh in the Persian literature and then introduces the remaining manuscript copy of Ali Akbar Navab Shirazi Andarz Nameh along with a short analysis of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Qaboos Nameh’s Position in the Realm of Didactic Literature
fatemeh elhami"Qaboos Nameh" or "Nasihat Nameh", written by "Onsorolmali key Kavous" in the fifth century A.H. has a special didactic and education position in the field of Ethics and Guidance. The aim and motivation of the author for writing this book was mainly guiding and advising More"Qaboos Nameh" or "Nasihat Nameh", written by "Onsorolmali key Kavous" in the fifth century A.H. has a special didactic and education position in the field of Ethics and Guidance. The aim and motivation of the author for writing this book was mainly guiding and advising his own son "Gilan Shah," and in the second place benefiting other interested seekers. Qaboos Nameh’s advantages and characteristics are not just due to its educational and advisory content but several different factors have gathered together to aid and deepen the influence of these educational lessons on the addressees. Special characteristics of the author such as intimacy, honesty, purity of speech, humility and liberal mindedness; on the one hand, and his discourse devices such as using common proverbs in Persian and Arabic, interesting parables and stories suitable to text topics, taking advantage of the verses and tradition, including quotations of great people and Persian poetry on the other hand, are among the important factors that strengthen the educational enrichment of this work and consequently make it be eternal and everlasting. In this paper, we will first enumerate the special characteristics of the author which indirectly depicts a model and pattern of moral values, and then we will classify the content subjects of this work and finally the impact of discourse devices employed by the author will be examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Study of the Relationship between the Quality of Social Services on Eigenvalue of Brand Name from the Perspective of the Consumer Society in Shirvan Hotel Industry
Milad Raeisizadeh اصغر میرفردی آرمان حیدریIncreased competition in the service sector is evident in industries such as hotel, banking, insurance, etc. This makes it more difficult for customers to maintain and increase their loyalty in this space. Therefore, providing quality services will be the main and futur MoreIncreased competition in the service sector is evident in industries such as hotel, banking, insurance, etc. This makes it more difficult for customers to maintain and increase their loyalty in this space. Therefore, providing quality services will be the main and future challenge of companies operating in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of service quality on brand equity from a consumer's point of view in the Shirvan hotel industry. The study population is hotel users in Shirvan city (unlimited). Due to the unlimited statistical population, 384 people were surveyed as the sample. Spss23 software is divided into two sections: descriptive and inferential statistics. 66.1% of the subjects were male, more than half of the subjects were between 30 and 40 years of age, and the normality test was used to determine the normality of the data. There is a significant relationship between the quality of social services provided and brand name value (p≤0.05). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between quality of social services provided and brand name satisfaction, brand loyalty, brand reputation and brand trust (p≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Quality and quantity Comparison of clustered Sa oregano essence(Nepeta racemose ) at different stages of growth
fateme zandi toghan giti barzin ali mazoojiClustered Oregano Sai with the scientific name, Nepeta racemosa L. from Spearmint family, is a plant like a grass, and one of the most important medicinal plants in the world and our country that has significant amounts of secondary metabolites and is especially essence MoreClustered Oregano Sai with the scientific name, Nepeta racemosa L. from Spearmint family, is a plant like a grass, and one of the most important medicinal plants in the world and our country that has significant amounts of secondary metabolites and is especially essence. Useful material of this plant, is using in the medicine field and pharmaceutical industry and cosmetics and hygienic field.(khalad Barin and Islam zade, 1380). The purpose of this study is to analyze and study the essence oil of clustered Sai Oregano plant at different growth stages. clustered Sa oregano essence plant (Napata racemosa) from mid-July to early of August 1393 during phase before flowering, After flowering and fruiting phase in Haraz Road area after the Holy Hashem ( imam zade) Plur three ways toward Lar, is collected After identification. After collecting and drying, essence oils of samples are taken by using distillation and Clevenger apparatus. Clustered Sa oregano essence, monoterpene component has highest percentage of plant clustered Sa oregano essence, in all 5 stages. In the meantime, the two combined composition of Nptalactones and 1,8-cineole were higher than the other compounds. In many of the studies on the chemical composition of essences that are exist in the resources; Monoterpenes compounds constitute the most of their component (33). And in some of them Npta monoterpene lactones and 1,8-cineole are main ingredients of essence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Femininity and marriage in Ibn Arabi's ontology
Alila Attar Abd Al-Reza Mazaheri Muhammad reza AdliAbstract The diversity of names is defined in Ibn Arabi's system of thought along with the contrast of names, which depicts how the grace of existence from one to many. By expressing repentance, he deals with the multiplicity of names and the infinity of the universe, a MoreAbstract The diversity of names is defined in Ibn Arabi's system of thought along with the contrast of names, which depicts how the grace of existence from one to many. By expressing repentance, he deals with the multiplicity of names and the infinity of the universe, and considers the secret of creation in the movement of love that leads to repentance, and points out that the resurrection of Sari takes place in all particles. However, considering the scope of the discussion and also clarifying it, the present article deals with the first part and considers it necessary to enter the discussion first by expressing the meaning of the name from the point of view of scholars and mystics and then by explaining the multiplicity of names from the essence. To effectively understand the marriage of names and the creation of multiple creations from one unit. Therefore, in this article, first, the meanings of tawakah in the human world and divine names are discussed, and its mystery and lavender are also considered from Ibn Arabi's point of view, and then the discussion of divine names and the contrast and reincarnation of names are discussed and different divisions are discussed. It has been clarified from the names and names of the names, and that the divine love has caused creation through the names, has been examined and is active and capable in the divine matter and the natural system, which is the reason for the creation and acceptance of this divine matter by The natural world has been studied and for this reason, marriage and ability in different names and worlds and finally the human world have been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Comparative analysis of the role of the collective unconscious of Carl Gustav Jung in the poem (Pain is my other name) by Qaiser Aminpour
ali keshavarz Ghadimi mostafa malekiIn the human psyche, the unconscious plays an important role in his behavior and action and ultimately his destiny, and it is the unconscious that drives us forward without knowing it. A set of archetypes, positive and negative complexes, shadow and persona, etc. surpri MoreIn the human psyche, the unconscious plays an important role in his behavior and action and ultimately his destiny, and it is the unconscious that drives us forward without knowing it. A set of archetypes, positive and negative complexes, shadow and persona, etc. surprisingly captures the human individual and collective unconscious. The connection of all human behaviors with the unconscious is the case of psychologists. Poetry arises from the unconscious. In the meantime, Jung's theories have paved the way for this path to use these theories to analyze many unconscious behaviors in the poem (Pain is another name for me) by Qaiser Amin Pour.The aim of The present research by descriptive-analytical and library method is to investigate and analyze the role of the collective unconscious in this poem by Qaisar Aminpour. The findings of the research show that among Jung's theories, the collective and personal unconscious have a high frequency in this poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Translation Criticism of God's Names
Farzaneh TajabadiThe process of message transmitting from the source language to the target language is always difficult, and undoubtedly, translation difficulty level of sacred texts, such as the Quran, is twofold. Considering the nature of the translation, it is not expected of any Qu MoreThe process of message transmitting from the source language to the target language is always difficult, and undoubtedly, translation difficulty level of sacred texts, such as the Quran, is twofold. Considering the nature of the translation, it is not expected of any Quran's translator to present exact re-creation of the meaning and message of the Quran in target language. Just because of that, different experts as linguists and translation critics should identify and examine mistakes and errors which translators of the Quran encounter, to propose a practical solution. One of the major problems in the Quran's Persian contemporary translations is to select an equivalent for divine names and attributes used frequently in the text of the Quran. This study aimed to identify these fallacies through a survey of ten Quran's contemporary translations chosen from Noor software database randomly. For this purpose, translation of 15 items of divine names and attributes were discussed from the linguistic point of view. In order to increase the validity of the results, names with a high frequency in text were selected. A close view of all the details shows that the most obvious mistakes made in the translation of the divine names and attributes in Persian are: lack of consistency; the non-observance of the consistency in translating the names in verses with similar syntactical and thematic structures; the use of difficult and obsolete equivalents; ignoring the emotional load of the verse in choosing the equivalent; word omission (ellipsis); not paying attention to the lexical and syntactical structure of the word in Arabic language and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Philosophical Analysis of Shī‘ite Scholars’ Views on Badā’
حامد نامی اصفهانیBadā’ or the mutability of God’s will, is one of the major teachings of the Shī‘ite theology. This concept from the earliest times has drawn Muslim scholars’ attention to itself. Because of its opposition to divine omniscience some scholars have MoreBadā’ or the mutability of God’s will, is one of the major teachings of the Shī‘ite theology. This concept from the earliest times has drawn Muslim scholars’ attention to itself. Because of its opposition to divine omniscience some scholars have hesitated over it and tried to reject it and the others have tried to analyze and support it. In this respect, paying attention to the usage of this expression in the Divine Book and the Transmitted Traditions is very critical for analyzing it, because its understanding depends on the deep recognition of religious teachings. By quoting valid opinions, this essay tries to survey and criticize the views of Muslim scholars about Badā’. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Studying the Banquet Instruments and Ceremonies in the Shahnameh
Fatemeh Sharafi Syed Ali Akbar Shari'ati Far Ali Eshghi SardehiAbstract Present research is to investigate the banquet instruments and ceremonies in the Shahnameh. From this viewpoint – having extended the thematical space of the subject – will deal with the banquet instruments and MoreAbstract Present research is to investigate the banquet instruments and ceremonies in the Shahnameh. From this viewpoint – having extended the thematical space of the subject – will deal with the banquet instruments and ceremonies. In accord with the present documentary of this research, its method is descriptive – analytical and is based on the literary studies. The findings of this research show that in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi which has been narrated about the wars and struggles of the heroes that the readers encounter with the frequency of rites and warfares; secondly, Ferdowsi has created his epical stories by using his art of fights and rites in the best way which are unique among the contemporary poets. The last point is that the music in the banquet is of low frequency comparing with war musical instruments; Anyhow one can see both in every event of the Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - An Investigation on Halliday's Experimental Ultra-function in Some Chapters of The Qabus Nameh
Mana Akhlagh Abbas Ali VafaeiAbstract This paper is to discuss the well-known British linguist Michael Halliday's theory on the two concepts of order and function related to the three parts of experimental, individual and textual matters in the Qabus Name MoreAbstract This paper is to discuss the well-known British linguist Michael Halliday's theory on the two concepts of order and function related to the three parts of experimental, individual and textual matters in the Qabus Nameh. Functional theory has a cognitive approach towards meanings, interpretations and experience. In functional grammar, language can have diverse usages; therefore, one can investigate various linguistics and verbal phenomena. This research aims at studying the rational, material, behavioral, verbal and existential processes in the function of the language, and it is based on the speeches and didactic sentences existing in the text of The Qabus Nameh.The study also attempts to prove that Keikavus employed these rational processes in educating his own son due to its multiple application of noun phrases and linking verbs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Studying the Symbols and Rites of Familiarization in the Versified Story of the " Banu Ghoshasb Nameh "
Nasim Parizadeh Hamid Reza farzi Rostam Amani Astmal Abstract Familiarization (initiating, being honored, passage, apprentice, and servitude) are the rites and ceremonies which are accomplished to make changes and transformation in the life of an individual and is interp More Abstract Familiarization (initiating, being honored, passage, apprentice, and servitude) are the rites and ceremonies which are accomplished to make changes and transformation in the life of an individual and is interpreted as death (eliminating the ignorance and profanity of childhood) and rebirth (the soul and life transcendence). This is in regard to the belief of some researchers including "Mircha Eliadeh" who consider the myths and fairy tales initiated from the familiarization and other transient rites or the symbolic expressions of those ceremonies. The story of "Banu Ghoshasb Nameh", as an epic and myth has been investigated in this article. We assume that this story reveals the rites and ceremonies of familiarization (initiating) in itself. Based on the mentioned ideas and through the thematic analysis of the story, the adaptability of this story, together with the familiarization has been proved; all the components and the levels of familiarization such as seclusion, separation, taking the new learner to the woods ( desert ) and hard test can be observed in that story. Besides these symbolic elements, there are other archetypes in the text which have been analyzed in relation to the main theme of familiarization. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Global Messages of Labour and Activity for Today's Human Being in The Mosibat Nameh of Attar Nishabouri
Monireh Mahfouzi Mousavi Mansooreh Tadayyoni Mas'ud Pakdel Sima MansooriOne of the greatest economical, cultural and social problems of today's community is unemployment. By utilizing the descriptive – analytic method, this research is to deal with labour and activity from the view point of Attar Nishabouri. It is supposed that MoreOne of the greatest economical, cultural and social problems of today's community is unemployment. By utilizing the descriptive – analytic method, this research is to deal with labour and activity from the view point of Attar Nishabouri. It is supposed that today's man can overcome his difficulties by applying the educational guidance of Attar. In the previous researches, it has often been looked at attar's works from mystical point of view. The most significant aim of this research is to find impressive messages to transform of today's youth towards unemployment. The result of the study shows that as long as man lives in this world and has the capability of struggling, must occupy himself with work. One moment of endeavor equals with one hundred world. In Attar's tenets success in life is related to magnanimity and good ethics and it must be accomplished thoroughly and in perfect manner. In this case nature can be considered as a model to attain this. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Centralization Policy in the Siasat Nameh and the Ghaboos Nameh
najibeh honarvarAbstract The " Siasat Nameh " is one of the most organized books in ruling the country. The scientific- political thoughts of Khajeh Nezamol Molk Toosi have been taken down in it as the techniques of power in five royal sectio MoreAbstract The " Siasat Nameh " is one of the most organized books in ruling the country. The scientific- political thoughts of Khajeh Nezamol Molk Toosi have been taken down in it as the techniques of power in five royal sections as : ministry , judgment , country's office holdering and army management which were the signboards for the Saljuk king in governing. " The Ghaboos Nameh " from Hakim Onsorol Maali is also one of the most distinguished books in which the methods of governing have been reflected in the beat way. What is seen in Nezamol Molk's ideas, is a kind of multilateral centralism on which the persistence of kingdom depend. The results of the findings indicate that Nezamol Molk modified the relation between Iran's king and Baghdad Caliphate in religious legitimacy and established very precise and applicably grounded laws. Khajeh Nezamol Molk was a pragmatist who emphasized on the practical methods of power. By using religious and obedient army and aristocrats, he was able to found a powerful government structure with the centrality of the sultan. Onsorol Maali's thoughts are in most cases similar to Nezamiol Molk's. In this article, the different dimension of centralism in " The Siasat Nameh " and " The Ghaboos Nameh " have been adapted and criticized and evaluated. The findings of the research indicate that Khajeh Nezamol Molk has more extensive thoughts in the domain of centralism than Hakim Onsorol Maali. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Anima Archetype and its Impact on Studying the Psychology of Firooz Shah and Aynol- Hayat Characters of Darab Nameh Bighami
Susan Biglari Deloee Reza Ashraf Zadeh Javad Mehreban GhezelhesarAbstract The archetypes are known as the common heritage set in common unconsciousness of human being. This subject was presented for the first time by Karl Gustav Jung–the humanistic psychologist The most important archetype explaine MoreAbstract The archetypes are known as the common heritage set in common unconsciousness of human being. This subject was presented for the first time by Karl Gustav Jung–the humanistic psychologist The most important archetype explained by Jung is the Anima ( the female soul of male ) which is both ideal and destructive in manifestations of human being's id. The Darab Nameh of Bighami is an outstanding work which deals with the love affairs and epics of Firooz Shah, Darab's son with Aynol-Hyat, the daughter of Yaman's king. The quality of Aynol-Hayat's manifestation in the narratives of Bighami is that it can be compared with Jung's Anima components and the impacts which it had on Firooz Shah. The outcome of this research which is done by analytic-comparative approach, shows that " attaining the lover to individuality" " eternity of the beloved " " manifestation of the beloved in the dream " " negative signs of the beloved " are of the most significant signs of the animatic love in the Darab Nameh.The most fundamental effect of Anima on the characters of Firooz Shah is his attainment to the ministry and kingdom which is also a symbol of individuality and perfection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Common Concepts in Raji Kermani's Hamle-ye Heydari and Hafez Shirazi's Divan, with an Emphasis on the Saghi Nameh
Zahra Faraj Nezhad FarhangAbstract Saghi Nameh ( Cup bearer poetry ) is one of the most delightful lyrical poems that are known as known as khomriyeh Sorayi in Arabic literature and has a long history among the nations. This literary genre has entered the Persian poetry and has been combined in MoreAbstract Saghi Nameh ( Cup bearer poetry ) is one of the most delightful lyrical poems that are known as known as khomriyeh Sorayi in Arabic literature and has a long history among the nations. This literary genre has entered the Persian poetry and has been combined in the texts of Iranian poems. Initially, Persian literature theme was pleasure and intoxication of grape wine, but from 6th century A. H. onwards, thanks to the mystical experiences, it obtained mystical meaning. In the classical literature of Iran, this flow started from Rudaki and continued by Manuchehri, As'ad Gorgani, Nezami and other poets and completed by Hafiz. Afterwards, especially in the Safawid period, Saghi Nameh and Moghanni Nameh were manifested in Hafez's records which, apart from providing a description of Saghi ( cup bearer ), Motreb ( musician ), wine, and tavern, was the manifestation of sociopolitical and philosophical aims of the poets. Paying attention to Hafez Shirazi's poetical method and style, in the collected poems entitled Hamleyeh Heydari, Mulla Bemanali Raji Kermani, the religious epic poet of the second half of the 12th century A. H. has included many Saghi Namehs and Moghanni Namehs, ( or Songsters' Epistle ). The results obtained from a survey and analysis of these Saghi Namehs often contain social themes, admonitions, and moral and philosophical notions. Both poets have dealt with a criticism of hypocritical stoics, and have highlighted the concept of " carpe diem " , offered complaints against time, written eulogies of the praiseworthy, and delineated the characteristics and influence of wine and the musical tools and instruments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Psychological Theories of Edward Lee Thorndike in Three Persian Prose Didactic Works
Marjan Gholami Akram Gholshani Fatemeh GholshaniAlthough the principles and methods of training have been codified in its related books, we can find and study some of them in classic didactic texts to look into the hidden corners of Iran’s classic literature. This article has been done by library method, and Th MoreAlthough the principles and methods of training have been codified in its related books, we can find and study some of them in classic didactic texts to look into the hidden corners of Iran’s classic literature. This article has been done by library method, and Thorndike’s ideas as one of the most important principles of education has been studied in three didactic works : The Ghabusnameh, the Akhlaqe Nasseri, and the Kalileh and Demneh.The aim of this research is the excavation of the principles of learning in the so-studied books. The results of the research showed that the different kinds of Thorndike’s ideas is seen in the studied books and among them the theory of preparation, practice and facility are of most frequency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Similarities of Neoplatonic Wisdom and The Asrar Nameh of Attar Nishaburi
Soheyla Zeiali Tooraj Aghdaee Hossein Aryan Nozhat NoohiBesides Aristotle and Plato, Platinus is the most impressive Greek philosopher who had impact on the Islamic philosophers. He has been considered as the most important representative of neoplatonic school. This philosophic system, in the 13d century, because of excellen MoreBesides Aristotle and Plato, Platinus is the most impressive Greek philosopher who had impact on the Islamic philosophers. He has been considered as the most important representative of neoplatonic school. This philosophic system, in the 13d century, because of excellent philosophical tenets reached its climax and spread to east and west of the world. The interaction of neoplatonic wisdom with Islamic philosophy and mysticism made the Islamic mystics use them in their teachings. The aim of this research is to illustrate the joint tenets of Plotinus with Attar's thoughts. The writer, in this paper tries with bringing several poetic evidences from the Asrar Nameh, as a part of research that Attar has pointed out to the subjects such as; unification, wisdom, soul, transformation of love, mystical demeanor , and the best system which are mostly brought in the writings of Plotinus. By studying the common points, the exact similarities of neo-plotonian's tenets with Attar's ideas were revealed. We have used descriptive – analytic method in accomplishing this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Battal Nameh, a prose epic, common heritage in Arabic, Turkish and Persian Literature
milad Ja'afarpoorFor the first time in Iran this article introduces a trilogy of religious epic in Turkish literature, the emphasis being upon the introduction of the Persian translation of the prose epic Battal Nameh and some of its most important characteristics. Based on this b MoreFor the first time in Iran this article introduces a trilogy of religious epic in Turkish literature, the emphasis being upon the introduction of the Persian translation of the prose epic Battal Nameh and some of its most important characteristics. Based on this background first the authenticity and the Arabic fountainhead of this epic is verified, second the distinct presence of its hero, Arab in origin in Turkish literature is referred to, next full account of Saltikh Nameh, and Daneshmand Nameh is given, and the historical identity of the protagonist of Battal Nameh epic, that is Ja’far Ebn Hossein, titled Seyyed Battal Ghazi is introduced and in the end his connection with Sufism, Ayyars or rogues and his presence in Mosayeb Nameh, Persian epic is pointed out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Archetypal analysis of the character of Kush, the tusked from the perspective of “wise mentor” and “rebirth” archetypes
mahdokht shahbadizadeh rezaa ashrafzadehArchetypes have roots in the first experiences of man and for this reason are placed in man’s individual and collected unconscious. Whether overtly or covertly in all aspects of man’s life especially in epic literature where it reflects the unconscious MoreArchetypes have roots in the first experiences of man and for this reason are placed in man’s individual and collected unconscious. Whether overtly or covertly in all aspects of man’s life especially in epic literature where it reflects the unconscious, archetypes manifest themselves. Based on this fact, the subject of this research is to cast a glance at the character of Kush, the tusked emphasizing the Jungian archetypes of wise old man and rebirth. Jung had regarded certain features for these two archetypes which one finds their reflection in Kush’s life. The most important outcomes of this present research made by descriptive analytic method, show that in accordance with Jung’s ideas with the appearance of wise old man, the main character of the story that is Kush, the tusked undergoes wide spiritual transformation and under the influence of his guidelines and his illuminations Kush turns into an ethical person devoted to spiritual affairs as if reborn to experience a totally new life. Although he had an anti- hero character at first, however under the influence of a wise mentor’s guidance he had overcome his internal darkness and had turned into a king and a popular hero. According to the features mentioned for the two archetypes in the story, the stages of Kush’s life falls into three parts: before transformation, in preparation for the transformation, and rebirth of a new character. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Interactive and synchronic system in Pourandokht and Eskandar’s encounter
kobra bahmaniInteractive and synchronic system in Pourandokht and Eskandar’s encounter *Kobra Bahmani Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Dorud, Iran Date of reception: 96/11/25 Date of acceptance: 97/5/15 Abstract Although popular novels c MoreInteractive and synchronic system in Pourandokht and Eskandar’s encounter *Kobra Bahmani Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Islamic Azad University, Dorud, Iran Date of reception: 96/11/25 Date of acceptance: 97/5/15 Abstract Although popular novels contain valuable settings and narrative forms which are closely related to national epic, depending on representation of the tale in different ages and also the presence of the naqal or narrator they have accepted elements and discourses of different periods within them and have changed their semantic patterns accordingly. Because of this characteristic, part of the narratology is the study of the way novel encounters new valuable settings. When the text is believed to be a systematic whole one is obliged to study the way the text encounters new data. Semantic approach via reducing the narrative into abstract structures and the way they are organized apart from examining the juxtaposition and substitution processes in deep structure and surface structure could analyze and differentiate variety of discourse systems in the text. Eskandar Nameh section within Darab Nameh written by Tarsusi is one of the most distinguishing Eskandar Namehs in Persian literature and tells the story of the challenge between the two Persian and Islamic discourses regarding Eskandar. The purpose of this article is to show how the tale interacts with the new data and setting. The process of how signs juxtapose in narrative style is indicative of the components which have no structural connection with the plot of the story. Therefore first general principles of narrative grammar are studied and, then other discourse systems are examined showing how the machinery of meaning production operate in them. * . bahmanikobra@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The comparative study of Alinameh and Eftekharnameh in terms of narrative time
sohrab abdollahzadeh eyshabad نزهت Nozhat Fatemeh ModarresiAbstract In examining epic in particular religious epics whose heroes are prophets and prominent religious figures who are connected to the source of inspiration and revelation, if not all, most are aware of the events and destiny of the characters, predict future and MoreAbstract In examining epic in particular religious epics whose heroes are prophets and prominent religious figures who are connected to the source of inspiration and revelation, if not all, most are aware of the events and destiny of the characters, predict future and speak about the far and near past, narrative time gains most attention. Based on the perspectives of the following theorists such as Rimmon Kenan, Gerald Prince, Heidegger, and in particular Gerard Genette this article aims to examine the notion of time in the two epic poems Rabi’s Alinameh the first religious epic after Islam and Sahba’s Eftekharnameh, accounted as the last religious epic, and also explore and analyze them in terms of order, duration, and frequency. Employing descriptive analytic method together with applying comparative literature approach to these works denote that due to employing multiple time intervals and high frequency of anticipation in relation to looking into past they lend themselves to further examinations. The study of duration shows that speed in most parts of the stories in two works in particular in Eftekharnameh is a positive one and the study of frequency shows that Alinameh seems to proceed with lower speed in relation with Eftekharnameh since its composer uses the aspect of frequency repetitively while in Eftekharnameh the composer benefited from using the aspect of narrator more. e. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Newly found points regarding the identity of the narrator of Yatim Nameh and the time of its writing
Milad JafarpoorAbstractYatim Nameh is a prose epic which for a long time was mistakenly taken under the incorrect title of the story of Hossein Kurd Shabestari and was very popular among the people at the time, yet despite its enormous success and fame in Iran not only the original te MoreAbstractYatim Nameh is a prose epic which for a long time was mistakenly taken under the incorrect title of the story of Hossein Kurd Shabestari and was very popular among the people at the time, yet despite its enormous success and fame in Iran not only the original text and the amazing body of this narrative has remained unknown and not published but also in few studies conducted in this connection there is no discussion regarding the true identity of its storyteller. Moreover, as far as the time of its composition is concerned Yatim Nameh is attributed to the Safavid or the Qajar period, two perspectives totally unexplained and generally presented which were not satistactory and systematic. Due to the misconceptions that exist around this subject the present article in two sections employing the inductive method and relying on the overall references and the existing facts in manuscripts of Yatim Nameh, first explores the assumed identity of the narrator of this epic, and second state reasons for the final attribution of the time of writing Yatim Nameh to the Safavid era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Achaemenids in Shahname And National Traditions
amin babadi Arezoo RasouliAbstractSince there is no trace of Achaemenids in Shahnameh and Khodaynameh in the Sasanid era and since the beginnings of the studies on Sasanid dynasty the discussion revolved around whether Sasanian had any knowledge of Achaemenids or not. Certain figures such MoreAbstractSince there is no trace of Achaemenids in Shahnameh and Khodaynameh in the Sasanid era and since the beginnings of the studies on Sasanid dynasty the discussion revolved around whether Sasanian had any knowledge of Achaemenids or not. Certain figures such as Noldeke, Memzan, and Yarshater denied this awareness and certain others such as Fry, Shahbazi, and Zarrinkoub persisted upon this knowledge. Some like Daryaei, taking a more moderate approach, believe that Sasanian had consciously ignored Achaemanids memorial so that they could trace their genealogy to Kianis who were an ancient dynasty in the east Iran. Certain evidence and documents show that the earliest Sasanians were definitely aware of the existence of Achaemenids and related themselves to them, however the later Sasanids by deliberate distortion of history and by transforming characters have changed the Achaemenid portraits due to their own taste to achieve their political and religious purposes. Nevertheless, Achaemeinds new image and identity remained in the Sasanid historiography and found their way to Islamic era. Deliberate distortions made in history of Iran by Sasanids are proved today, and upon studying the evidence one can discover the extent and the reason for this manipulation. The purpose of this article is to prove the existence of outstanding figures in Achaemenids dynasty namely, Cyrus and Darius in the new Sasanid-Islamic historiography, and also to detect records that approve Achaemenids’ existence within the Sasanid sources. This requires a thorough research into the thought processes of Sasanids during their reign upon adopting an apprehensive approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Analysis of natural mythological mysterious phenomena in Garshasp nameh with emphasis upon the relationship of three axes of animism, Mana, and Fetishism
AFSANEH NOORI mohammad nader sharifiIn order to be safe from the nature’s wrath man started to worship manifestations of nature and this matter made primitive men to attach the power of magic and spell, supernatural force or spirit to the natural phenomena. In this way fetishism sect (power of MoreIn order to be safe from the nature’s wrath man started to worship manifestations of nature and this matter made primitive men to attach the power of magic and spell, supernatural force or spirit to the natural phenomena. In this way fetishism sect (power of magic) Mana (supernatural force) and Animism (spirit) took form. Certain myths are inherent in the nature and religious beliefs of a land since according to the view of some scholars epics are born from myths therefore the existence of mysterious phenomena in them is a natural affair. Asadi Tusi’s Garshasp nameh is a fine example. Using descriptive analytic method the purpose of this article is to analyze the natural phenomena in Garshasp nameh which has mysterious characteristics. The results obtained show that mirror has the healing power, stone has the power to make rain and make women fertile, belt increases warrior’s might, tree has the power to heal patients, bird’s feather also cures patients, spring both heals and offers help, plant has the power of bravery, has healing properties, tends to be a promoter of sleep and an aphrodisiac, water revives, and Garshasp’s mace has extraordinary power. It is concluded that mysterious natural phenomena act as a force and a fetish, and the spirit within them has the role of Mana and Animism. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Introducing The book of Tamor Nameh, an historical epic in imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Nezami's Eskandar Nameh
Mohammad Mostafa Resalat Panahi Seyyed Mohammad RastgoofarAbstract Hatefi Jami, a nephew of Abdor-Rahman Jami is one of the qualified poets in the Timurid era master in all genres of poetry particularly in narrative Masnavi. In imitation of Nezami, he has produced many such Masnavis such as Laily and Majnun, MoreAbstract Hatefi Jami, a nephew of Abdor-Rahman Jami is one of the qualified poets in the Timurid era master in all genres of poetry particularly in narrative Masnavi. In imitation of Nezami, he has produced many such Masnavis such as Laily and Majnun, Shirin and Khosrow, Haft Manzar, and Tamor Nameh. Towards the end of his life he composed an epic in the name of Shahnameh on victories of Shah Esmaeil Safavi which remained unfinished. Apart from the aforementioned Masnavis Hatefi composed a book of poetry which exists today. Tamor Nameh, his best major work is an historical epic giving the account of Timour's life, combats, braveries, conquests, and the destruction and bloodshed he brought about. Modelled after Sharaf- al Din Ali Yasdi's Zafar Nameh, Hatefi composed Tamor Nameh and according to his own admission and as far as the comparison of the texts are concerned, he had remained quite true to Zafar Nameh and except for certain poetic devices indespensible to verse, he had not added anything to the text but at times eliminated few minor parts. Hatefi in composition of this epic work emulated Ferdowsi's Shahnameh on one hand and Nezami's Eskandar Nameh on the other hand. Eloquent techniques utilized in Tamor Nameh were mostly inspired by Shahnameh whereas the general structure of the work was inspired by Nezami. Besides its literary merit, Tamor Nameh is worthy of attention in terms of history since it is a reliable source for Timour's biography and conquests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Rostam in Gorani epics
Arash Akbari MafakherAbstract Rostam is the preeminent national hero in Persian epics. There is no mention of Rostam’s name in Avesta and Dinkard, yet in few Pahlavi texts there are some brief references to his name all the more reason for later addition of it. Rostam&rsqu MoreAbstract Rostam is the preeminent national hero in Persian epics. There is no mention of Rostam’s name in Avesta and Dinkard, yet in few Pahlavi texts there are some brief references to his name all the more reason for later addition of it. Rostam’s tales are quite well known and popular in Parthian era and towards the end of Sassanid era in particular and had therefore an important role in transmitting and spreading the tales to the Islamic era in two branches, eastern one with Persian language as the focal point and western one with Gorani language as the main concern. The study of the role and standpoint of Rostam in western Iran is the subject matter of this article. In fourth and fifth lunar century, Piruzan Shahnameh in western branch include the mythological history of Iran from the reign of Kayumars till the reign of Bahman with numerous tales of Rostam. Shahnameh or Gordnameh composed by Larijani in Hamedan was produced following the example of Piruzan Shahnameh. In Gorani epics there is a reference to a Shahnameh in prose which seems to be that of Piruzan. Probably the fountain head of Gorani epics goes back to this Shahnameh and narratives of Gordnameh Larijani and their sources. Gorani epics encompass the full cycle of Rostam’s life from birth to his death. Apart from Rostam’s tales in Shahnameh Ferdowsi, there are extra narratives and epics added after the composition of Shahnameh, also narratives recited by the minstrels or naqqals such as Rostam and Zonoon, Rostam and Zardhang of which only their Gorani versions are available. Keywords Rostam, Shahnameh, Gorani language, Composition of Shahnameh, Rostam Nameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The stairway to spiritual wayfaring
Shahin Ojagh AlizadehThis article is an attempt to withdraw from the literary canon throughout the world the most prominent pioneers who told about their spiritual journeys (Mi’raj). The nature of the miraculous journey of prophet Mohammad being the most influential of all other ascen MoreThis article is an attempt to withdraw from the literary canon throughout the world the most prominent pioneers who told about their spiritual journeys (Mi’raj). The nature of the miraculous journey of prophet Mohammad being the most influential of all other ascents according to moslems is emphasized. Also the account of their spiritual, mental, and internal journeys by stages from the start of their pilgrimage to their final attainment is given in their own words. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Morphology of Homay Nameh
Mahboubeh AlihouriHomay Nameh is a barely known heroic epic belonging to about sixth or seventh century in Persian Literature whose anonymous composer makes it worthy of analysis. This research is based on the methods put forward by the prominent structuralists such as Vladimir Propp, Ar MoreHomay Nameh is a barely known heroic epic belonging to about sixth or seventh century in Persian Literature whose anonymous composer makes it worthy of analysis. This research is based on the methods put forward by the prominent structuralists such as Vladimir Propp, Arthur Asa Berger and Paul Ricoeur in the domain of morphology of stories, folk, mythic and epic tales. The outcome of the analysis shows that the story is composed of a general framework encompassing the starting point, events arising from shortcomings and evil doings and a happy ending for the hero. The morphological analysis of Homay Nameh can be embarked upon on the basis of significant elements such as character, motivation, function, movement, and repetition in order to follow the sequence of actions in this epic. The seven multifaceted characters in the story is reminiscent of characters in Propp's theory with one difference that in place of "false hero" the character of "hero's successor" is present. The number of main functional titles considering the repetition is eighty three. It must be emphasized that some functions in comparison with Propp's theory are new and some similar titles present novel concepts. The functions of "war" and "victory" are among the most repetitive elements of the story and from the movement point of view the story makes use of the combination of three manners of story movements and that of movement pattern proposed by Berger. Once the structure of a heroic epic, in particular epic romance found, one can seek the format in other similar works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Molaana a saint and beyond
Hassan Jafari TabarMaybe it is not going to be possible to find a man more knowledgeable and wise than Molaana lalaledin in the past nor in future. He was blessed and he wanted to share that with us in his own brilliant uniql'~ way. his poems which have let us know that he bared being MoreMaybe it is not going to be possible to find a man more knowledgeable and wise than Molaana lalaledin in the past nor in future. He was blessed and he wanted to share that with us in his own brilliant uniql'~ way. his poems which have let us know that he bared being not only a human but a saint as well. this essay is focusing on the first thirty verses of his first book along with some of their explantion and interpretation and some possible suppositions about Molaana's own interpretation on the subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Textology and introducing the epic Book, Naseri’s Eskandar Nameh
Hamidreza kharazmi Vahid GhanbariAfter setting fire of Persian lands, Macedoni Eskandar who in the mind and language of Iranians enjoyed a bad reputation and possessed negative characteristics, after coming of Islam in Iran suddenly finds an auspicious face and is identified as Du’l-Qarnayn from MoreAfter setting fire of Persian lands, Macedoni Eskandar who in the mind and language of Iranians enjoyed a bad reputation and possessed negative characteristics, after coming of Islam in Iran suddenly finds an auspicious face and is identified as Du’l-Qarnayn from then on according to Kahf Sura verses 83-98 Iranians write many books about him both in prose and verse. Each book according to the references referred to dealt with different aspects of his life. The book of Eskandar Nameh, composed by Naseri Kermani paid attention to some angles of his life. This article familiarizes the reader with the text and deals with the style of Naseri’s composition of poetry. Like many Nezami’s imitators, Naseri had been immensely under the influence of Nezami Ganjavi in composition of his book as far as diction and imageries are concerned and in spite of epic works had used Khafif meter in his composition. In comparison with other Eskandar Namehs new points are encountered such as the fire that consumed Persepolis set by Eskandar had something to do with temptation on the behalf of a beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The criticism and study of the two archetypes of the anima and the animus in Banu Goshasp Nameh
Khadijeh Bahrami Rahnama Mahmud Tavousi Mehdi MahooziThe versified Banu Goshasp Nameh has its root in the collective unconsciousness of the Iranian nation. This work lends itself to the Jungian analytic psychological approach which is highly regarded in the literary criticism. The purpose of this research is to analyze an MoreThe versified Banu Goshasp Nameh has its root in the collective unconsciousness of the Iranian nation. This work lends itself to the Jungian analytic psychological approach which is highly regarded in the literary criticism. The purpose of this research is to analyze anima and animus in the psyche of the characters of the verse. These two factors have great impact upon the creation of events and happenings in the story and provide ample grounds for conflicts among the story characters. One comes across the anima in Faramarz, Shideh, Tamartash, Banu Goshasp’s Indian suitors and Iranian heroes. Animus archetype is found in Banu Goshasp. These two archetypes have motivated the story characters to do different actions. This article aims to study the factors in creating the anima and animus based on the Jung theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - A discussion on the reason behind immortality of Pashutan in Mazdayasna tradition
Masomeh Fotouhi KouhsarehPashutan is the most distinguised son of Goshtasp in the mazdayasna tradition and literature. As far as his fate is concerned we are faced with three contradictory narratives. First according to the most renowned one based on the documents and evidence MorePashutan is the most distinguised son of Goshtasp in the mazdayasna tradition and literature. As far as his fate is concerned we are faced with three contradictory narratives. First according to the most renowned one based on the documents and evidence available from reports and narratives of the ancient Pahlavi texts, Pashutan is one of the immortals who on the Day of Judgement before the Hooshidar Millenium resurrects against evildoers and demons and also in that millenium he reigns. Second is a narrative from the Zaratosht Nameh which speaks of Pashutan's immortality by drinking blessed milk from the hand of Zoroaster, and the third narrative is a unique version of Bahman Nameh informing us of Pashutan's death in the hand of Banu Goshasp. This latter narrative is incidently more appropriate to the lexical meaning of his name. In other sources particularly in Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Tha'alibi's Shahnameh, and other mythological, epic, historical, and Naghali or oral popular narratives available, there has not been a slightest reference to Pashutan's death or immortality. Having considered all three reports, the writer of this article has contemplated on the Zaratasht Nameh version and using the counterpart evidence in Persian literature and other world nations has analyzed the cause of immortality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Fine Art of "Repetition" and its role in Ali Nameh
Zahra Faraj Nezhad FarhangAli Nameh is an epic religious poetry composed by an unknown poet whose pseudonym is Rabi in the fifth century AH, in imitation of Shahnameh Ferdowsi and its subject matter revolves around the virtues and battles of Ali ibn Abi Talib. One feature of epic poetry is empha MoreAli Nameh is an epic religious poetry composed by an unknown poet whose pseudonym is Rabi in the fifth century AH, in imitation of Shahnameh Ferdowsi and its subject matter revolves around the virtues and battles of Ali ibn Abi Talib. One feature of epic poetry is emphasis upon some images and scenes which tends to incline the atmosphere of the poem more towards epic. This emphasis manifests itself at times by "repetition" of the basic structure of poetry which leads to highlight the imagery. This element of repetition contributes significantly in influencing the reader by the linguistic effect of the work. This research first puts forward the aesthetic aspects of "repetition", then inspects the structural elements of poetry and finally provides examples for each element. The most recurrent element of repetition include word, phoneme, hemistich, sentence, compound words, theme, line, and syllable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The study of fatalism in Shahnameh and religious epics
Zahra farajnezhad Farhang Mohmmad Navid BazarganFatalism is one of the characteristics of the traditional eastern societies according to which, the destiny of man is predetermined and all affairs take place based on this destiny hence there is no room for man’s free will. The origin of fatalism in Iran is stud MoreFatalism is one of the characteristics of the traditional eastern societies according to which, the destiny of man is predetermined and all affairs take place based on this destiny hence there is no room for man’s free will. The origin of fatalism in Iran is studied in this article and its signs such as star worship, astrology, fortune, alms giving, belief in supernatural powers are discussed in Shahnameh and four other epic religious works including Alinameh,Haydari attack by Bazel Mashhadi and Raji Kermani and Tazian nameh, summary of Khavarannameh. It became clear that predictions made by the astronomers in Shahnameh are more frequent than in the epic religious works and on the contrary predictions made through divine and supernatural inspirations and revelations are more common in the religious works. Also, belief in fortune and chance is Shahnameh is more prominent than in the epic religious works. Among the religious epics under study, Khavaran nameh is closer to Shahnameh in terms of Mythology. Next comes, Haydari attack by Kermani and Bazel Mashhadi, and Ali nameh respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Composition date of Ghasem Madeh’s epic poetry “Jahangir Nameh”
hamed mehradOne of the biggest challenges facing researchers regarding defining and describing the collection of Persian national epics is the inexact information about the date of their composition and the name of most composers of epic poetry after Shahnameh remain unknown, unsol MoreOne of the biggest challenges facing researchers regarding defining and describing the collection of Persian national epics is the inexact information about the date of their composition and the name of most composers of epic poetry after Shahnameh remain unknown, unsolved problem in this domain. Only stylistic and linguistic references and certain intratextual inferences come to aid to make certain assumptions. Jahangir Nameh, an epic composition is one such work. Although its composer in final couplets introduces himself as Ghasem Madeh and states the place of its composition as Herat, yet the date of composition according to researches is still uncertain and vague. However the writer of this article assumes that the composer apart from Herat, had also referred to the time of composition in a form of chronogram and thus in this way announces the year 1077 Hijra in the final couplet. The study of linguistic, historical and literary data and evidences supports the assumption that this epic work belongs to the second half of the eleventh century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The elements of the story of virtuous woman in Attar’s Elahi Nameh
Fatemeh EmamiVirtuous woman is the title of the first story from the first article taken from the first Attar’s Masnavi, Elahi Nameh. It is a story with 309 couplets and is considered the third longest after the story of “Sheikh Sanaan”, and “Rabee&rdqu MoreVirtuous woman is the title of the first story from the first article taken from the first Attar’s Masnavi, Elahi Nameh. It is a story with 309 couplets and is considered the third longest after the story of “Sheikh Sanaan”, and “Rabee” in Attar’s Masnavis. The criticism and investigation of this story could penetrate into obscure corners of Attar’s art of storytelling. The purpose of this article is to analyze the different elements of the story of the virtuous woman and investigate the technique of defamiliarization in order to throw some light on the structure of storytelling used by Attar. The most significant analytical points, expressing the genealogy of the story, studying different elements of the story such as, point of view, character and characterization, plot, language, tone, and theme made possible the outcome of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Analyzing The concept of exploration of "soul" and other obstacles to perfection related to it, inAsrarnameh from Attar Nishabouri's
Hakimeh Kahsari Masoud Mahdian maliha mahdaviPerfectionism, which has always been one of the important indicators of mystical-ethical literature; It is an effort to achieve human perfection. But along with the important factors of human perfectionism, it is important and necessary to examine and explain the obstac MorePerfectionism, which has always been one of the important indicators of mystical-ethical literature; It is an effort to achieve human perfection. But along with the important factors of human perfectionism, it is important and necessary to examine and explain the obstacles that keep people away from the path of their highest goals. In such a way that many mystics have listed the knowledge of the limitations and obstacles of perfection as the most important principle to achieve it. In this article, the authors have devoted their efforts to examining this main question: "How is the ego explained as the most important factor preventing human perfection in Attar Nishaburi's Asrarnameh?" And "what is the relationship between the ego and other factors that prevent perfection?" The hypothesis of the authors is that the concept of "soul", which is one of the main factors preventing the perfection of a person, is introduced in Asrarnameh Attar as the cause of many moral vices. The findings of the article, using the descriptive and analytical method, showed that the concept of self in Asrarnameh Attar is the basis for the realization of moral vices such as envy and miserliness, greed and anger and malice, worldliness, etc. which ultimately prevents a person from achieving perfection. Therefore, the current article, while carefully examining the verses of Asrarnameh, explains the concept of ego, which is embedded in human nature as a deadly poison of morality and spirituality; to bring him to the lowest stage of humiliation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Origin of the Name Iskandar (Alexander the Great) According to the Šāhnāma
Garnik AsatrianAccording to the “story of Alexander’s birth” in the Šāhnāma, the name of Alexander the Great (Iskandar) is derived from the name of a medical herb, which was used to heal the bad smell from the mouth of his mother, Nāhīd. The paper is an attemp MoreAccording to the “story of Alexander’s birth” in the Šāhnāma, the name of Alexander the Great (Iskandar) is derived from the name of a medical herb, which was used to heal the bad smell from the mouth of his mother, Nāhīd. The paper is an attempt to explain the reason for such strange naming.. Manuscript profile
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