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Open Access Article
1 - Strategies to deal with salinity and oxidative stress in crops
Esmaeil Gholinezhad Reza Darvishzadeh Abbas AbhariBackground and Objective: A major challenge in global agriculture is to produce more food for another 2.3 billion people by 2050 worldwide. Salinity is a major stress that limits the supply of food products. The total land area is about 13.2 billion hectares, of which 7 MoreBackground and Objective: A major challenge in global agriculture is to produce more food for another 2.3 billion people by 2050 worldwide. Salinity is a major stress that limits the supply of food products. The total land area is about 13.2 billion hectares, of which 7 billion hectares are arable and 1.5 billion hectares are under cultivation, and about 23% of the cultivated lands around the world (about 345 million hectares) are affected by salinity stress and its amount is increasing day by day. Plants can be classified into two types, halophytes (which can resist salinity) and glycophytes (which cannot resist salinity and eventually die), and most major crops belong to this second category. The purpose of this article is to review scientific research related to the effects, mechanisms of tolerance, research methods, important measurable traits, management and control of salinity and oxidative stress in agricultural plants. Material and Methodology: This article is a review article that was obtained by searching related articles in reliable sites (Google scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SID. Findings: Salinity have adverse effects on various plant characteristics such as physiological, metabolic, growth, germination, strength, quantity and quality of plants. The most important damages caused by salinity stress include ion imbalance due to reduced absorption of necessary ions, accumulation of harmful ions and dehydration due to decreased water absorption which reduces protein synthesis, transpiration, ion transfer and finally decreases seed yield. Mechanisms of salinity stress tolerance include ionic homeostasis, compatible salt accumulation and osmotic protection, antioxidant regulation, polyamines, nitric oxide, and hormonal regulation of salinity tolerance. Under stress, reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical are produced, which damage cell structure, proteins, cell membranes, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and eventually cause cell death. Discussion and Conclusion: Enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidants play a very important role in protecting plants against oxidative damage. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase are enzymatic antioxidants and ascorbic acid, glutathione, carotenoids and tocopherols are non-enzymatic antioxidants which can reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of a course of aerobic exercise combined with vitamin C supplementation on leptin receptor and oxidative stress in the heart tissue of female rats with Alzheimer's
Asiye Seyyed Mazieh Fallahiyan Forough Tajalli Seyedeh Ommolbanin GhasemianBackground & Aim: Antioxidant enzymes serve as the primary defense against the onslaught of various reactive oxygen radicals. Antioxidants mitigate or prevent oxidative stress by interacting with free radicals and active species. The present study aimed to determine the MoreBackground & Aim: Antioxidant enzymes serve as the primary defense against the onslaught of various reactive oxygen radicals. Antioxidants mitigate or prevent oxidative stress by interacting with free radicals and active species. The present study aimed to determine the effect of a course of aerobic exercise comined with vitamin C supplementation on leptin receptor, visceral fat weight, body mass index (BMI), and antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissue of rats with Alzheimer's. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 45 elderly female rats were randomly assigned to six groups, including controls with Alzheimer's disease, vitamin C supplementation, aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise + vitamin C, and healthy controls. Leptin, visceral fat weight, and BMI after the intervention, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) indices, were measured after heart tissue extraction. Results: In the intervention groups, leptin receptor values were significantly higher (P=0.001), while visceral fat weight and BMI were lower than in the healthy control group (P=0.001). After eight weeks of aerobic exercise and vitamin C supplementation, MDA levels decreased significantly in the exercise+supplement group (P<0.05) and values of CAT and SOD were significantly increased compared to other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise combined with vitamin C supplements increases leptin receptor expression and decreases visceral fat weight and BMI in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, it decreases MDA levels and increases CAT and SOD levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparison of oxidative stress between Cytauxzoon feli infected and healthy cats
Kimia Zafari Seyedeh Ommolbanin GhasemianCytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects feral as well as domestic cats. This disease is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cytauxzoon. Evaluation of oxidative stress indicators can clarify the adverse effects of Cytau MoreCytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects feral as well as domestic cats. This disease is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cytauxzoon. Evaluation of oxidative stress indicators can clarify the adverse effects of Cytauxzoon¬ felis parasite on domestic cats. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of C. ¬felis parasite in cats of Shahrekord, Iran and to evaluate oxidative stress indicators in cats infected with C. ¬felis and compare it with healthy cats. This experimental study was conducted on blood samples of 100 cats that were referred to Shahrekord Veterinary Laboratory. Blood samples were taken in two separate test tubes for molecular analysis and determination of antioxidant parameters including catalase and lipid peroxidation. After collecting the samples, the PCR test was performed and oxidative stress markers were measured. The results of the present study showed that 3% of examined cats were infected with C. ¬felis, and the level of catalase enzyme in the cats infected with C. ¬felis was reduced by 9% compared to the healthy group, which was statistically significant (p=0.004). Moreover, lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased in cats infected with C.¬ felis compared to the parasite-free group (p=0.021). The findings of the present study showed that the prevalence of C.¬ felis parasite in cats was 3%. A decrease in the level of catalase enzyme and an increase in lipid peroxidation were observed in cats infected with C.¬ felis compared to cats free of the parasite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The effects of gibberellic acid on certain physiological parameters in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under cadmium stress.
Farzaneh Najafi Zeinab TaghizadehAlfalfa is one of the most important forage corps in the world. The Medicago plant is a major genus from the fabaceae.High concentration of heavy metals in soil is one of the most important problems in the environment . Cadmium is a heavy metal that can cause oxidative MoreAlfalfa is one of the most important forage corps in the world. The Medicago plant is a major genus from the fabaceae.High concentration of heavy metals in soil is one of the most important problems in the environment . Cadmium is a heavy metal that can cause oxidative stress in plant cells. In this research effects of different concentrations of cadmium (0 , 25 and 50 µM) and gibberellic acid (0 , 5 and 10 µM) were investigated on certain physiological parameters in Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa seeds were sterilized and cultured in pots containing sand which were irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution. plants were treated with cadmium chloride and gibberellin 22 - old day.after twenty two days Plants were harvested to assay some physiological parameters. All treatments were conducted with four replications. Experiment results showed that increasing cadmium chloride concentration in Hoagland nutrient solution, decreased growth parameters and pigment contents and GPX activity.But , but proline contents, SOD and CAT activties in roots and leaves of plants increased. by additionof gibberellin concentrations. . It is concluded that gibberellic acid could alleviate the adverse effects of stress cadmium chloride in Medicago sativa L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effecte of eight weeks of resistance training with royal jelly on the pathaphysiological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats
Leila Mokhtari Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah NematiAbstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA) MoreAbstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonylate (PC) and the pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin (TMT)has been determined. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 8 mg/kg TMT were divided into TMT, Sham, RJ100, RJ200, RT, RT+RJ100 and RT+RJ200 groups. Supplemental groups received RJ with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day as peritoneal injection, and the increasing RT protocol was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week with an intensity of 30 to 100% of the weight. Results: MDA, PC in TMT group were significantly higher than HC group. But MDA and PC in RT+RJ200 group were lower than TMT group (P≤0.05). Also, PC in RT group was significantly lower than TMT. MDA in RJ200 group were lower than TMT; PC values in RJ100 group was significantly lower than TMT (P≤0.05). The reducing effect of PC in RJ100 group was more favorable than RJ200 (P≤0.05). Also, the effect of reducing MDA in the RT+RJ200 group was more favorable than the RT+RJ100 group (P≤0.05). Conclusion:the resistance training and royal jelly have favorable effects on reducing oxidative stress. the simultaneous effect of these two interventions, especially with a higher dose, has a more favorable effect on reducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus tissue in AD modeling conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Operating condition effect on achieving higher propene yield in propane oxidative dehydrogenation process
Yousef Zeinaly Seyed Mehdi Alavi -
Open Access Article
7 - Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation on BiP1-xVxO4 Supported Titania Catalysts
Mbarka Ouchabi Loulidi Ilyasse Mahfoud Agunaou -
Open Access Article
8 - Patho-biochemical Markers of Renal Toxicity in Homing Pigeons (Columba Livia f. Urbana) Induced by Nano-ZnO Particles
Mehran Arabi Hamid-Reza NaseriNanotechnology, the main technology in the twenty-first century, is the perception and control of matter at the dimensions 1-100 nanometers which revolutionized many aspects of modern life. Birds have not been used as commonly animal models in experimental toxicology bu MoreNanotechnology, the main technology in the twenty-first century, is the perception and control of matter at the dimensions 1-100 nanometers which revolutionized many aspects of modern life. Birds have not been used as commonly animal models in experimental toxicology but have proven useful in monitoring of environmental quality. This study aimed to evaluate zinc oxide nanoparticle (nano-ZnO) toxicity on kidneys in the homing pigeons (Columba livia f. urbana). The experimental groups orally received doses of 0, 30, 50, and 75 mg kg-1 b.w. of nano-ZnO (1 ml per bird, everyday) for time periods of 7 and 14 days. The lipid peroxidation (MDA/LPO) content, catalase (CAT) activity, and carbonyl protein (CP) content were increased and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level was lowered in kidney samples. The plasma levels of uric acid, urea, and creatinine were also slightly elevated (p>0.05). Histopathological examinations showed glomerular nanoparticle aggregation and tubular necrosis lines in the kidney parenchyma. In brief, nano-ZnO affected kidney function and structure in homing pigeons through the induction of oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Oxidative Stress Enzymes and Liver Tissue Changes of Male Rats under the Influence of Dust in Different Cities of Khuzestan Province
Najmeh Soleimani Mohammad Reza Dayer Tayebeh Mohammadi Hassan FaridnouriThe city of Ahvaz is considered the most polluted city in the world by blowing dust from neighboring countries which makes this study important. The results show that the smaller the particles, the more permeable they become and pass through the respiratory filters and MoreThe city of Ahvaz is considered the most polluted city in the world by blowing dust from neighboring countries which makes this study important. The results show that the smaller the particles, the more permeable they become and pass through the respiratory filters and causing disease. In this study, the effect of fine particulate matters in different cities of Khuzestan province of Iran was compared on the liver histology and oxidative stress enzymes of male rats. 30 adult male rats were divided into six equal groups including control, Ahvaz, Ramhormoz, Andimeshk, Abadan, and Susangard which were treated for two months. The results of serum oxidative stress enzyme activity increased only for the glutathione peroxidase in Ramhormoz and Abadan groups. The histological examination of liver revealed bleeding, mild hyperemia, and changes in hepatocyte cells. The nuclear area in central vein region, hepatocyte area in portal, and vein regions showed significant changes. Moreover, kupffer cell number of the portal region significantly increased in Ahvaz, Abadan, and Andimeshk groups. Therefore, due to different heavy metals composition, fine dusts have different effects on blood and liver parameters which depend on their amount and duration of exposure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Protective Effect of aerobic exercise training along with hydroalcoholic cinnamon extract on inflammatory indicators and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructose drink
Fatemeh Hosseini Rostam Abdi Fatemeh Noori Ghasem Torabi Pelet Kale Ahmad AbdiBackground: Inflammatory indicators and oxidative stress play an important role in insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training with cinnamon extract on inflammatory indicators and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructo MoreBackground: Inflammatory indicators and oxidative stress play an important role in insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training with cinnamon extract on inflammatory indicators and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructose drink. Methods: Thirty-six Wistar male rats divided into groups: control (n=9), aerobic exercise (n=9), cinnamon extract (n=9), and aerobic exercise –cinnamon extract (n=9). Insulin-resistance status induced by %10 fructose solutions. Exercise groups subjected to a 5-day per week aerobic exercise program (with 75-80% VO2max) for 8 weeks. Extract groups subjected was Injected 200 mg/kgBW/day cinnamon extract. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and statistical significance was set at p<0/05. Results: The results showed that aerobic training with or without extract caused to a significant decrease in serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP (p<0/05). Indeed, in all three experimental groups, SOD and GPX increased significantly compared to control (P<0.05). MDA levels also decreased significantly in experimental groups compared to control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that aerobic exercise and cinnamon reduced inflammatory indicators and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructose drink. Also, cinnamon extract with aerobic exercise has a greater effect on these indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - immunohistochemical evaluation in testicular tissue of male rats following PM2.5 particle inhalation
elnaz noshadirad kazem parivar Saeed Motesaddi Zarandi Pejman Mortazavi batool Gorbani yektaBackground & Aim: Exposure to suspended particles (PM2.5) and gaseous air pollution poses a serious threat to spermatogenesis in men. However, the specific molecular mechanism behind this remains largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of PM2.5 and ga MoreBackground & Aim: Exposure to suspended particles (PM2.5) and gaseous air pollution poses a serious threat to spermatogenesis in men. However, the specific molecular mechanism behind this remains largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of PM2.5 and gas pollution on various aspects including the oxidant/antioxidant system, oxidative stress and also the changes in the expression level of aquaporin protein through immunohistochemistry and western blotting in testicular tissue were investigated. Materials & Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group exposed to standard air conditions, a group exposed to gas pollutants alone (Gas), and a group exposed to both gas pollutants and PM2.5 (Gas+PM2.5). All groups were subjected to pollutant exposure for three months, four days a week, and five hours a day. Results: The findings revealed that co-exposure to gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 led to increased concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as decreased in aquaporin 9 protein in immunohistochemistry and western blot, compared to the control group. Conclusion: Therefore, exposure to PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants probably provokes oxidative stress in the testis, which leads to the reduction of aquaporin 9 protein through the activation of signaling pathways. Thus, PM2.5 pollution appears to play a crucial role in infertility by disrupting spermatogenesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effects of different concentrations of lead on some biochemical and physiological parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Javad Salvati Hormoz Fallah yousof niknejad Davood Barari TariLead (Pb) not only negatively alters plant growth and yield but may also have potentially toxic risks to human health. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of Pb (150 and 300 μM) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of rice under MoreLead (Pb) not only negatively alters plant growth and yield but may also have potentially toxic risks to human health. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of Pb (150 and 300 μM) on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of rice under hydroponic conditions were investigated. The results showed that Pb treatments with negative effects on chlorophyll metabolism reduced photosynthetic pigments and, consequently, diminished the growth and biomass of rice plants. Pb stress induced oxidative stress and damage to bio-membranes by increasing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase cycle was upregulated in rice leaves under Pb toxicity. Pb treatments altered the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA)) in the leaves of rice plants by reducing the ratios of reduced ASA to oxidized ASA and reduced GSH to oxidized GSH compared to control plants. Therefore, concentrations of 150 and 300 μM Pb in the soil can induce negative effects on important physiological and metabolic processes of rice, which reduce plant growth and biomass. Manuscript profile
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