List of Articles Dariush Shahriari

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  1 - Study of the possibility of biological control of Phytophthora drechsleri damping factor in cucumbers by the isolates of Trichoderma spp. in greenhouse
  Ehsan Khani Mojdeh Maleki Dariush Shahriari
  20.1001.1.22518371.1395.5.1.1.6
  Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the important commercial products in Iran and the world rich in fiber and vitamin with high nutritional value. It is continuously attacked by soil-borne pathogens that are not only cause significant economic damage to crop yield, but More

  Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the important commercial products in Iran and the world rich in fiber and vitamin with high nutritional value. It is continuously attacked by soil-borne pathogens that are not only cause significant economic damage to crop yield, but also reduce quality and marketable of product. One of the most important and destructive soil-borne diseases of cucumber, damping off and root rot and crown caused by Phytophthora drechsleri Tuker. In this study, isolates of three species of biocontrol fungus Trichoderma were evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The antagonistic isolates of three species were including Trichoderma harzianum (isolates Th3, Th5, Th6, Th7, Th9), T. longibrachiatum (isolate Tl2) and T. atroviride (isolates Ta1 ,Ta4, Ta8, Ta10) respectively. Dual culture tests were carried out in a completely randomized design with 11 treatments in three replications. Th6 Isolate, with 89.3% in dual culture showed the highest inhibitory effect on the. Hyphae twisting of different isolates of Trichoderma spp. were not observed in contact with Phytophthora but Trichoderma hyphae grown in parallel with Phytophthora hyphae and form Appresorium and Haustarium. Based on the results of this research, the most successful isolates for antagonist activity against P. drechsleri Tuker were Th6, Th5, Th3 and Ta1. These four isolates were selected for greenhouse studies. In greenhouse, tests of soil treatment and seed contaminated with the spore suspension of Trichoderma isolates for evaluating the biocontrol isolates in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and three replications were conducted. Results showed that the isolates were able to control the disease in different levels. In seed treatment, Th6 and Ta1 isolates with 91.75 and 83.5 percent and afterwards, Th3 and Th5 isolates were more effective in reducing disease in first taking notes after soil treatment respectively. In seed treatment, Th6 and Ta1 isolates were more successful than other isolates and in inoculated treatments with the isolates and Phytophthora, seed germination percentage were recorded as 83.34 and 100 % respectively. In general, the seed treatment was more effective in reducing disease in comparison with soil treatment. Isolates were also effective in increasing plant growth and however, Ta1 and Th6 isolates significantly increased plant weight and height.   Manuscript profile
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  2 - Study on pathogenicity variation of the different isolates of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and evaluating the resistance of the several eggplant cultivars to them
  Sahar Tari Mojdeh Maleki Dariush Shahriari
  20.1001.1.22518371.1394.4.1.1.9
  Eggplant Solanumm elongena L. of fruit vegetables is grown in warm and tropical regions. This plant has mostly been attacked by different pathogen particularly the causal agent of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). This is one of the most important diseases that More

  Eggplant Solanumm elongena L. of fruit vegetables is grown in warm and tropical regions. This plant has mostly been attacked by different pathogen particularly the causal agent of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). This is one of the most important diseases that damaged eggplant and reduced yield and fruit quality up to 50%. There has been little successful in control by the use of fungicides, therefore, the resistance of eggplant varieties studied in this research. For this purpose, first the fungal isolates from different areas under eggplant culture were isolated from vascular tissue in Tehran and Alborz province and then purification and pathogenicity test, 15 isolates obtained in pathogeny potential were evaluated by root dip method of the root of Varamini susceptible cultivar in spore suspension with concentrations of 106 spores per ml. Disease severity index calculated by seven numbered scale of Xiao and Lin 1995, after five weeks. The results showed that V-E-KM-2 isolate obtained from samples of infected plants in MohammadShahr in Karaj, with disease severity of 92 percent were identified most virulent as pathogeny. In evaluation stage of the root resistance of different varieties, 14 common cultured eggplant varieties and the present varieties as pathogenicity method, inoculated with spores of the fungus. Symptoms recording were assessed 35 days after inoculation. The results obtained from the analysis of variance showed that treatments are significantly different in probability level of 1%. The means and resistance evaluation of eggplant cultivars against Verticillium wilt showed seven cultivars of Pasargadae, Volentala, Hybrid Arro, Lady, Sohrab, Yek Beauty (1) and Minabella were tolerant (T) in the range of 31.5 to 49.7 of the percentage of disease index. In this following study, supplementary investigations are essential to introduce tolerant varieties for cultivation in Iran. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Investigating the pathogenic differences Phytophthora capsici isolates, the cause of root rot and pepper stems collected from Varamin-Pishva region
  Mohammad Ghasemi Dariush Shahriari somayeh Farahani
  20.1001.1.22518371.1398.8.1.1.7
  Phytophthora capsici, is one of the most destructive factors of pepper crown and root rot in pepper cultivation regions across the world. This pathogen attacks the roots and crown of the plant at all growth stages and causes the wilt or death of the plant. In this study More

  Phytophthora capsici, is one of the most destructive factors of pepper crown and root rot in pepper cultivation regions across the world. This pathogen attacks the roots and crown of the plant at all growth stages and causes the wilt or death of the plant. In this study, fungus isolates collected from the pepper fields and greenhouses in different regions of Varamin and plants with symptoms of damping-off, root and crown rot. Samples were cultivated in semi-selective Phytophthora culture medium (CMA + PARPH) after washing and disinfection. Cultivars were identified on morphological characteristics and identification keys of Erwin Verbieru (1996). The pathogenicity of the species was demonstrated on host plants and the isolate pathogenicity was determined after inoculation on Plato sensitive cultivar by Golsir et al. methods. According to results from all sampling from different regions, a total of 10 pure P. capsici isolates were obtained. The Ph-pi-51 isolate collected from pepper from Pishva region with a disease severity index of 91.6% was in the statistical group “a” with the highest rate of pathogenesis as the most destructive pathogen. Karimabad Ph-ka-21 isolate, with a disease severity index of 88.6 in the ab statistical group, was the most pathogenic after the first isolate. Also the Ph-ta-16 and Ph-dv-44 isolates with the disease severity index of 48.8 and 33.3 had the lowest rates of disease on pepper and were included in the group of isolates with low pathogenicity.   Manuscript profile
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  4 - Differences pathogenicity of the fungus Cercospora beticola Sacc. caused cercospora leaf spot disease in sugarbeets and evaluation of sugarbeet cultivars resistance to the disease
  Yashar Riazi Mojdeh Maleki Dariush Shahriari
  20.1001.1.22518371.1394.4.1.2.0
  Cercospora leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is considered to be the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet which result in highest loss of yield and quality of sugarbeet in warm and humid environments. Control of these fungi often has been un More

  Cercospora leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is considered to be the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet which result in highest loss of yield and quality of sugarbeet in warm and humid environments. Control of these fungi often has been unsuccessful by the use of pesticides application; hence, the best method for disease control is the production and implementation of resistant likely cultivars. For this purpose, fungal isolates collected from south and north areas of Iran, Purification and Pathogenicity of isolate the genotype (191), susceptible to disease with spore suspension was implemented on leaves in greenhouse Then for characterizing isolates virulence, like pathogenicity method was performed inoculation of the fungus C. beticola on susceptible (191). The disease severity index after the appearance of disease symptoms, 35 days after sporulating was done by KSW method. Cultivars response assessment, 30 cultivars of sugarbeet to leaf spots in Gharakheyl research station under field conditions was conducted on completely random block design with three replications. Statistics from the infection severity were taken in June and July with an interval of one month. Also for evaluation of genotypes resistance of detached leaf disks in laboratory conditions in sterile environment, 1.8 cm diameter discs were prepared from the leaves of mentioned genotypes and laid on water agar rectangular plates and with spore suspension were sporulated . A total of sampling were obtained 18 isolates of pure C. beticola from different areas that all of them were high virulence, Although in terms of the disease severity were different, but the differences placed in the quantity range between 77.7-98.9 percent. In response Study of 30 genotypes of sugarbeet to causal agent in field conditions, the best time recording of disease severity is done from Gharakhey Ghaemshahr in favorable climatic mid June to late July. In this study, only 5 genotype: 32333, 32335, 32295, 32304 and 32319 showed response moderately susceptible "MS" and the rest of the group were susceptible "S" or very susceptible "VS". It was also determined a high correlation (91%) between assessment of detached leaf disks resistance in laboratory and field conditions as well as these two methods can replace each other Manuscript profile
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  5 - Effect of Mildew cure fungicide in controlling the cucumber powdery mildew disease
  Hossain Azimi Dariush Shahriari
  20.1001.1.22518371.1393.3.1.3.4
  Powdery mildew is a common and serious disease of cucurbit crops. For registering new environmentally friendly fungicides and with the aim to diversify the available fungicides, the efficacy of Mildew cure (a natural botanical fungicide) was evaluated by trials in compl More

  Powdery mildew is a common and serious disease of cucurbit crops. For registering new environmentally friendly fungicides and with the aim to diversify the available fungicides, the efficacy of Mildew cure (a natural botanical fungicide) was evaluated by trials in completely randomized block design with five treatments and four replications in field and glasshouse conditions in Karaj during 2012-13. Treatments were 7.5, 10, and 15 mll-1 of Mildew cure L. 83% alongside with 0.2 gl-1 of Trifloxystrobin (Flint WG 50%) as standard fungicide and untreated control (without any spraying). Foliar applications of fungicides were made at 7 day intervals, started after early symptoms appearance and followed up until symptom expressed in untreated plants in a maximum disease severity index due to Horsfal and Barrat scale. The results were expressed as the foliage protection percentage (FPP) of each presumed area bypowdery mildew based on Horsfal and Barrat scale, then midpoint of presumed areas was calculated for each plot. Analysis of variance of trials data revealed that there are significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01. Mean comparison of the treatment showed that Mildew cure 10 mll-1 decreased disease by 76.2% compared to untreated control plants in field and Mildew cure 7.5 mll-1 decreased disease incidence by 90% compared to non-sprayed check in glasshouse. Based on the results of this study, these treatments recommended for cucumber powdery mildew disease management. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Tomato evaluating resistance against pathogenic isolates of the fungus Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici disease agent stem canker
  Adeleh Ayoobi Far Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh Maleki
  20.1001.1.22518371.1394.4.2.1.1
  In this study the reaction of 27 tomato cultivars available in the country with isolates of Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici collected from different regions were evaluated. For this purpose, to collect isolates from different regions and the pathogenicity of toma More

  In this study the reaction of 27 tomato cultivars available in the country with isolates of Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici collected from different regions were evaluated. For this purpose, to collect isolates from different regions and the pathogenicity of tomato varieties Pete Early-CH (susceptible to stem canker) was used. To identify the pathogen measurements were carried out in both macroscopic and microscopic. In this way, the color of the Colony and other macroscopic properties of the medium were examined under a microscope to examine the treatment of fungal spores and conidiophores and 100 were measured for each isolate was determined as the average. Other specifications, such as number of walls, length, width and color were investigated. A sample collected for testing of isolates susceptible cultivar was selected based on disease severity index. Selected varieties of seedlings after planting and transferred to pots in a greenhouse with suspension isolates of the fungus were inoculated in separate tests to measure disease incidence (Disease severity index) on the stem, after the elapse of the incubation period and the rise . Results of the evaluation showed that three varieties of stem canker Ps 550 and Xamen and Super Set in evaluating the area under the curve progression of the disease in stem cultivars, showed the lowest levels of development and were identified as resistant varieties. In order to study the fungus producing extracellular compounds and their role in the disorder, disease-causing bacteria in the PDB (infantry, dextrose liquid culture medium potatoes) Potato Dextrose Broth were killed. Tomato seedlings and leaflets for susceptibility to extracellular secretions (toxins) were evaluated. .   Manuscript profile
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  7 - Pathogenic variability of Didymella rabiei, the agent of ascochyta blight of chickpea in Kermanshah province
  Elahe Paymard Mohammad Torabi Dariush Shahriari
  20.1001.1.22518371.1393.3.2.1.4
  Blight disease of chickpea caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.is one of the most important chickpea diseases in the world and Iran, which causes huge damages to chickpea farm in the suitable climatic conditions. Study of genetic diversity and various races exist in More

  Blight disease of chickpea caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.is one of the most important chickpea diseases in the world and Iran, which causes huge damages to chickpea farm in the suitable climatic conditions. Study of genetic diversity and various races exist in the different regions would be necessary for resistant cultivars development. In this research physiological races of 28 isolates of A. rabiei which were collected and purified from five region of Kermanshah province during 2012-2013 were determined using seven differential chickpea cultivars (ILC-202, ILC-1929, ILC-5928, ICC-3996, ILC-194, ILC-1929 and ILC-72). All isolates were classified in six physiological races. Among the all isolates, seven isolates (25%) belonged to race 1, Five isolates (17.8%) belonged to race 2, Seven isolates (25%) belonged to race 3, Four isolates (14.4%) belonged to race 4, two isolates (7.2%) belonged to race 5 and three isolates (10.6%) belonged to race 6. Races 1, 2, 3 and 4 with 23 isolates (82.1%) were occurred in all areas of the province while race 6 with high virulence was detected only in one area (Sararood). Investigation of the morphological traits of isolates on CSA (Chickpea sucrose Agar), showed differences in view of diameter, color and form of colony, pycnidium density and pycnidium size among the isolates, but there was not any difference in term of pycnidiospore size.   Manuscript profile
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  8 - Study of phytophthora species causing damping-off on cucumber in Tehran province greenhouses and evaluation of the efficacy of some fungicides on control of the disease
  Amir Mohaghegh Roudsari Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh Maleki
  20.1001.1.22518371.1395.5.2.3.0
  Damping-off Cucumber disease due to Phytophthora species is one of the most important diseases of horticultural crops. Pathogen attacks the roots and crown during entire growth stages, causing wilting or death of the plants. In this study, sampling from cucumber and tom More

  Damping-off Cucumber disease due to Phytophthora species is one of the most important diseases of horticultural crops. Pathogen attacks the roots and crown during entire growth stages, causing wilting or death of the plants. In this study, sampling from cucumber and tomato plants with symptoms of damping-off, root and crown rot was done from greenhouses located in Varamin and Pakdasht in 1394 and 1395 and after washing up and surface disinfection were cultivated on semi-selective medium of Phytophthora (CMA + PARPH). 16 isolates of the genera of Phytophthora drechsleri and P. nicotianae were isolated from crown, root and stem tissues of cucumber and tomato and pathogenicity confirmed on the host plants. In the second stage of the experiments, the efficacy of fungicide of Downy-G (Ridomil + Mancozeb WP 72%) in comparison with reference fungicides including Rosalaxil (Ridomil-Mancozeb WP 72%) and Previcur-Energy (Propamocarb Hydrochloride + Fosetyl Aluminium SL 840) in controlling cucumber damping-off based on a series of tests was investigated under greenhouse conditions (with two application method including soil incorporation system and soil drench system) and in the field conditions as soil drench system . Greenhouse trials with 6 treatments and 4 replications and field trials with 4 treatments and 4 replications were implemented at 2 locations in micro plots in Complete Randomized Design Block. The treatment evaluation carried out with determination of the percentage of infected plants in the period from emergence to 4-leaves stage. Greenhouse experiment results showed that Downy-G and Rosalaxil at 200 g/m3 of soil rates by 76.07% and 71.61% of decreasing disease in Soil Incorporation  application method, respectively, compared to infected control had the same effects in cucumber Damping-off disease control. In Soil Drench System application method, Previcur-Energy at 0.3% rates decreased disease by 99.64% compared to infected control and had the highest effects in disease control. In this application method, Downy-G and Rosalaxil at 0.2% rate decreased disease by 91.37% and 81.66% compared to infected control, respectively. The field trials results showed that Downy-G at 0.2% , Previcur-Energy at 0.3% and Rosalaxil at 0.2% rates decreased disease by 86.23% , 81.88% and 78.26%, respectively compared to infected control. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Distribution and strains diversity of charcoal rot, Macrophomina phaseolina in melon farms of Varamin, Garmsar and Eyvanekey areas
  fatemeh Mirabdollahi Shams dariuosh Shahriari mojdeh Maleki neda Kheradpir
  20.1001.1.22518371.1398.8.2.3.1
  Charcoal rot on melon Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most important soil borne diseases of melons. The disease has an economical importance throughout the world. So, infested samples from eight sampling points of Varamin Country (south-east of Tehran Province) an More

  Charcoal rot on melon Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most important soil borne diseases of melons. The disease has an economical importance throughout the world. So, infested samples from eight sampling points of Varamin Country (south-east of Tehran Province) and Garmsar and Eyvanekey Countries (Semnan Province) were collected, purified and admitted for pathogenicity on melon variety Samsouri. Then, pathogenicity of the sampled strains were compared using susceptible variety of melon, Samsouri. Totally, twelve strains of M. phaseolina were collected from the area with variable pathogenicity; although significant difference was observed among them. Strains MP-SH-34 and MP-SH-37 from Shah Sefid in Eyvanekey country had the highest pathogenicity ability and on the other hand, strain from Davarabad in Garmsar area showed the lowest pathogenicity; so, the strongest and infecting strain was MP-SH-34. According to the results, different strains of M. phaseolina is spread in melon farms of Tehran and Semnan Provinces which is needed to be managed.   Manuscript profile
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  10 - The inhibitory effect of Thymus vulgaris and Carum copticum essential oil on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of potato stem canker in vitro and greenhouse conditions
  Dariush Shahriari nazanin Alibeyk Tehrani mojdeh Maleki
  20.1001.1.22518371.1396.6.2.3.7
  Potato is one of the most important food and economic crops in all over the world, Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of stem canker causes high loss of the product quality and quantity annually. In this study, the effects of two essential oils of Thyme and Carum, wer More

  Potato is one of the most important food and economic crops in all over the world, Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of stem canker causes high loss of the product quality and quantity annually. In this study, the effects of two essential oils of Thyme and Carum, were investigated on the colony growth rate and inhibitory growth in concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm on PDA medium. In vitro tests, essential oils of thyme and Carum in two concentrations of 0.5 and 0.75, the combination of thyme 0.25+ Carum 0.25 and Rovral-Ts fungicide at 1.5 at 1000 were evaluated in a completely randomized block design in four replications. The tubers substratum cultivated in soil contaminated by R. solani that planted in pots were inoculated by essential oils and fungicides. The disease severity data were recorded and scored six weeks after inoculation using Das scale. The results demonstrated that fungal growth rate under treatment by Thyme at 500 ppm (21.63 mm /day) and Carum (17.7 mm/day) and thyme + Carum (67.85) essences were more than 50 percent growth inhibitory. The results of disease severity index in greenhouse revealed that Thyme and Carum essences and Rovral-Ts fungicide respectively by 28.1, 35.92 and 17.17 percent were successful in disease control as well as the mean of fresh and dry weight of shoot area under Thyme treatment increased relatively. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Study of pathogenicity diversity Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Mgnus) Briosi and Cav. agent bean anthracnose and resistant evaluation of common bean cultivars
  Sayeed Motahareh Mousavi Mojdeh Maleki Dariush Shahriari
  20.1001.1.22518371.1394.4.2.5.5
  Bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cav., is one of the major diseases of common bean in relatively cool, wet cultivation areas of tropical and temperature regions. Crop losses can be severe or total, especially when su More

  Bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cav., is one of the major diseases of common bean in relatively cool, wet cultivation areas of tropical and temperature regions. Crop losses can be severe or total, especially when susceptible cultivars are grown in a conductive environment for disease. In this study, first different fungal isolates were obtained from the west and north areas in Iran, purification and pathogenicity done on susceptible cultivar “Talash” with spore suspension with  concentrations of 1-2 ×10 6 spores/ml on leaves in the greenhouse. Then the virulence of isolates conducted like pathogencity method on Talash cultivar. Disease severity index, 15 days after the spore spraying was rated using the method described by Van Schoonhoven and Pastor-Corrales. A total of 11 isolates C. lindemuthianum were obtained based on the results of sampling from different regions that had mostly high virulence, with different severity indices of the disease, ranging between 22.2 to 98. In reaction study of 40 bean cultivars or genotypes to causal agent in greenhouse conditions, six cultivars (Naaz, Pachebaghela- ragehghermez, Almas, Shekoofa, Daneshkadeh, Dorsa) and four genotypes (920040, 940040, 21676 and 31167) with infection degree less than 3 showed resistant “R” (25% of all varieties and genotypes) whereas eight genotypes or varieties showed moderately resistant reaction “MR” and the rest were considered as susceptible “S”. Manuscript profile
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  12 - The inhibitory growth of Fusarium oxysporum fsp lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato fusarium wilt by essential oils in comparison of Trichoderma antagonist fungus
  Dariush Shahriari mahya Fathi Aqdam mojdeh Maleki
  20.1001.1.22518371.1396.6.2.4.8
  Tomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp lycopersici is an important disease to tropical regions and sandy soils of Iran. In this study, the effect of essential oils of thyme, zynan, fennel and antagonist fungus of Tricoderma harzianum (Th-va-104) evaluated More

  Tomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp lycopersici is an important disease to tropical regions and sandy soils of Iran. In this study, the effect of essential oils of thyme, zynan, fennel and antagonist fungus of Tricoderma harzianum (Th-va-104) evaluated on the colony growth rate and growth inhibition in seven concentrations of 100-1000 ppm on PDA medium in vitro. The minimum percentage of inhibitory growth (Ec50) determined in essences of thyme, zynan and fennel with 83.95, 62/685, and 59.97% respectively. Tricoderma showed the maximum inhibition of fungal mycelial growth of F. oxysporum fsp lycopersici as 78.53% followed by thyme. The effect of thyme, Fennel and zynan essential oils at the concentration of 0.5 and 1, Fungicide (Iprodione+Carbendazim 52.5% WP) by concentrations of 1.5 and Tricoderma were evaluated in a completely randomized block design in greenhouse experiments. The essential oils were incorporated with potting soil with planting seedlings and Trichoderma fungus simultaneously in three days before transplanting. The percentage of disease severity index was assessed four weeks after inoculation. The results demonstrated that the disease index severity of thyme and Trichoderma by 2.6 and 2.06 respectively were placed in the closest disease index to check. The root area fresh and dry of thyme treatment (1.53, 2 gr), shoot area weight mean (13.19, 1.82) and the root area fresh and dry of Trichoderma (1.79, 0.27 gr) and shoot area weight mean (12.77, 1.63 gr), respectively were classified in the similar statistical groups with check.   Manuscript profile
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  13 - Identification of Pathotypes in Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr., the agent of Ascochyta blight in chickpea in provinces of Kermanshah and Ilam and resistance evaluation of chickpea cultivars and lines against disease
  Shahrzad Khalatbari Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh Maleki
  20.1001.1.22518371.1394.4.3.2.4
  Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. (Labr.)is one of the greatest disease in chickpeathat cause total yield loss if the environmental conditions are favorable. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective management strategy for ascochyta blight in More

  Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. (Labr.)is one of the greatest disease in chickpeathat cause total yield loss if the environmental conditions are favorable. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective management strategy for ascochyta blight in chickpea. In our study, 24 different isolates of A. rabiei from plants infected by this disease were obtained in provinces of Kermanshah and Ilam and then isolated and purified. For evaluation of the morphological characteristics, discs of colonies of fungal isolates were sown in PDA, CDA, CSA and WA media. For pathotypes identification, the isolates were sporulated on differential chickpea cultivars by concentrations with 106 spores per ml. 41 genotypes and chickpea cultivars inoculated by three A. rabiei pathotype like pathogenicity method in greenhouse. The severity of the disease index is noted from 1 to 9, according to the scale of Jan and Wiese and 12 days later when the intensity of symptoms reached to 90 percent on susceptible cultivar. The results of our study revealed morphological and genetic diversity of the fungus. In this survey, three pathotypes identified in different districts of Kermanshah and Ilam, respectively. Pathotypes 1 of 13 of total isolates was the most widely distributed then, pathotype II with 6 isolates and pathotype III with 5 isolates were the least ones. The response of 41 cultivars against three pathotype of A. rabiei, Adel, Azad cultivar that have just been released by the Agricultural Research Institute of Dryland over the past few years together with advanced line of Flip 03-109C against the pathotype III showed moderately resistant response while other lines and cultivars were susceptible or highly susceptible. In total, lines of Flip51-87C, Flip03-119C, Flip04-13C and Flip04-10C showed resistant or moderately resistant response for pathotypes. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. isolates for biocontrol of fusarium wilt of carnation in greenhouse
  Asma Moeeni Mohammad Torabi Dariush Shahriari
  20.1001.1.22518371.1393.3.2.5.8
  One of the most destructive soil-borne diseases of carnation is fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. dianthi. In This study, antagonistic potential of different isolotes of three Trichoderma species on growth of the pathogen in laboratory and control of the d More

  One of the most destructive soil-borne diseases of carnation is fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. dianthi. In This study, antagonistic potential of different isolotes of three Trichoderma species on growth of the pathogen in laboratory and control of the disease in greenhouse was investigated. Isolates of the antagonist were Ta1, Ta2 and Ta3 belonging to Trichoderma atroviride, sixteen isolates Th1-Th16 belonging to T. harzianum and one isolate Tl1 belonging to T. longibrachiatum. Dual culture and colonization tests were carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Isolates  Ta3, Ta2 and Ta1 which completely covered colonies of the pathogen after five days, were the mosts successful colonizers. Inhibitory effect of volatile metabolites of Ta3 isolate in 72h and 96h cultures of the pathogen and antagonis (60% and 72%, respectively) was higher than those of the other isolates. In greenhouse, soil treatment with isolates of Trichoderma, to study the biocontrol effects the isolates was carried out in an experiment with 21 treatments in three replications. The results showed that different isolates could control the disease in different levels. Isolate Ta3 had the highest effect on disease control and reduction of cuttings death, followed by isolates Ta1, Ta2, Ta3 and Th2. In general, the antagonist isolates had less effects on growth of the plant, but reduced disease severity.   Manuscript profile
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  15 - Studies on pathogenicity differences of the fungus isolates of Ascochyta fabae Speg., the causal agent of Ascochyta blight and evaluating the resistance of the faba bean cultivars to disease
  Atefeh Shiravi Dariush Shahriari Fatemeh Shaikh
  20.1001.1.22518371.1394.4.3.4.6
  Ascochyta blight caused by the fungus Ascochyta fabae Speg., is known as one of the most destructive diseases of faba bean worldwide. Yield losses due to attacks by this fungus can reach more than 90% when cultivars are sown under cool and wet conditions. Disease Contro More

  Ascochyta blight caused by the fungus Ascochyta fabae Speg., is known as one of the most destructive diseases of faba bean worldwide. Yield losses due to attacks by this fungus can reach more than 90% when cultivars are sown under cool and wet conditions. Disease Control by using crop rotation, clean seed and chemical treatments cannot be fully effective. Therefore, using the resistant cultivars as a reduction factor of the disease severity and infection type is very important for disease control. At first, different fungal isolates were collected from northern areas of Iran, purification and pathogenicity was carried out on the susceptible cultivar of Barkat with spore suspension by concentrations of 106 spores per ml on leaves in the greenhouse condition. For identifying isolates virulence, the fungus inoculated was done on the susceptible cultivar of Barkat like pathogenicity test method. Disease severity index implemented when the symptoms appeared and was carried out 15 days after sporulating by Sillero and Rubiales method. The responses of 14 faba bean genotypes and cultivars were evaluated to disease in randomized complete block design in field conditions with three replications. Among total sampling of different regions, 10 pure isolates of A. fabae with high virulence totally obtained which indicated a high variability in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. The results of resistance evaluation of faba bean genotypes and cultivars in field conditions revealed the resistance response of genotypes of G-faba-67, G-faba-95, G-faba-100, G-faba-133 and Zereshki cultivar along with disease severity index 25.66 to 40.33 percent and the other cultivars (6 genotypes and 3 cultivars) equal to 64% of all tested cultivars susceptible and genotypes showed a susceptible or highly susceptible response. Manuscript profile
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  16 - The antifungal effect of some herbal essences on the causal agent of tomato and crown root rot, Phytophthora parasitica L. in vitro and greenhouse conditions
  Zahra Ardestani Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh Maleki
  20.1001.1.22518371.1395.5.4.1.2
  Phytophthora stem and root rot of tomato, Phytophthora parasitica L., is one of the most important soil-borne diseases of tomato. This disease has been spreading in greenhouses located in east-south of Tehran province (Varamin) through the last decade. The disease contr More

  Phytophthora stem and root rot of tomato, Phytophthora parasitica L., is one of the most important soil-borne diseases of tomato. This disease has been spreading in greenhouses located in east-south of Tehran province (Varamin) through the last decade. The disease control by fungicides has not been successful; In spite of success of biological control or using resistant varieties to reduce disease, it seems that studying and application of natural compounds especially plant essences including a wide range of secondary metabolites can not only reduce disease but also it has beneficial effects on the environment. In this case study, efficacy of eight plants including thyme, cumin, savory, pennyroyal, mint, tarragon, ajwain and fennel with Ridomil-mancozeb fungicide as control were evaluated on colony growth rate and inhibitory growth of causal agent in five concentrations of 60,120,180, 240 and 300 ppm on PDA medium based on completely randomized block design in vitro conditions. Greenhouse experiments were carried out with ten treatments including successful essences of thyme, pennyroyal and fennel at 0.2 and 0.3 with Ridomil-mancozeb fungicide at 1 and 1.5 ppm and check and control infected with P. parasitica in completely randomized block design in four replications. Essences and fungicide were added into root substrate of tomato seedlings in two leaves stage. Recording disease severity percentage was performed according to Quesada-Ocampo and Hausbeck scale, four weeks after inoculation. Essences with highest inhibitory growth percentage in laboratory were respectively thyme (79.28%), pennyroyal (72.85%), cumin (69.95%), mint (60.70%), tarragon (60.70%) and ajwain (60%) and thyme and pennyroyal essence by concentration of 180 ppm showed minimum inhibitory concentration, EC50 of mycelial growth. Results of variance analysis in greenhouse demonstrated that all treatments were significantly different at 1% confidence level. Mean comparisons by Duncan multiple range test showed that thyme essence respectively with disease severity index of 1.65 and 1.31 were classified statistically in e, d that were the closest index with fungicide treatments of Ridomil-mancozeb and cheek (18% DSI) and it has been proved the best efficacy on disease reduction. Manuscript profile