List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - The Evaluation of efficacy of chemical control on witches' broom rust disease on seedless barberry in South Khorasan province
Mohammad Reza Mirzaee Hadi Mahmoudi Homayoun Kazemi Ali AzariNasrabadSouth Khorasan province of Iran is the largest producer of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) in the world. The production and quality of common barberry shrub are affected by broad range of abiotic and biotic causal agents. Witches' broom rust caused by Puccinia ar MoreSouth Khorasan province of Iran is the largest producer of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) in the world. The production and quality of common barberry shrub are affected by broad range of abiotic and biotic causal agents. Witches' broom rust caused by Puccinia arrhenatheri is one of the most important diseases of common barberry shrubs in South Khorasan province. A two years' field experiment carried out to study the control of barberry witches' broom rust using the Falcon (Tebuconazole + Spiroxamine + Triadimenol) at concentrations 0.6 and 1 ml L-1, Folicur 1 and 1.5 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra (Azoxystrobin + Cyproconazole) 0.75 and 1.2 ml L-1 and Tilt 0.5 and 1 ml L-1 at two locations of South Khorasan during 2018-2019 at the time of disease symptoms initiation as randomized complete block design. There was significant difference in witches' broom rust severity scores between the different fungicides and rates of application and control treatment. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that one-time application of Folicur at concentrations 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 were determined as the most effective in controlling the disease at the time of disease appearance, followed by Folicur 1 ml L-1, 1.5 ml L-1, Falcon 0.6 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra 1.5 ml L-1, Amistar Xtra 0.75 ml L-1, Falcon 1 ml L-1, Tilt 1 and 0.5 ml L-1. The highest and lowest disease severity were obtained in control and Folicur (1 ml L-1) treatments, respectively. Based on our findings retrieved from results of this study and field trials, Folicur at concentrations 1 ml L-1 and Falcon at concentrations 0.6 ml L-1 at the time of disease symptoms initiation to achieve efficient control and application of rotation of them to mitigate fungicide resistance development are recommended. Application of treatments including Folicur at concentrations 1 and 1.5 ml L-1 and Amistar Xtra at concentrations 0.75 ml L-1 were also significantly effective in decreasing the number of witches' brooms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An Overview of Bioherbicides
Rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour zariniThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed MoreThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed problem on one hand but also destroy the environment and caused some human health impacts on the other hand. Bioherbicides are biological control agents applied in similar ways to chemical herbicides to control weeds. Of the array of bioherbicides currently available, the most successful products appear to be sourced from fungi (mycoherbicides), with at least 16 products being developed for commercial use globally. Over the last few decades, bioherbicides sourced from bacteria and plant extracts (such as allelochemicals and essential oils), together with viruses, have also shown marked success in controlling various weeds. Despite this encouraging trend, ongoing research is still required for these compounds to be economically viable and successful in the long term. This review will explain the importance and impacts of the bioherbicides by elaborating the constraints which this approach is facing in its production and application. Manuscript profile