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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - Setting Threshold Language Proficiency Levels for the Iranian High School EFL Teachers
Sadegh Shariatifar Gholamreza KianyEvaluating teacher candidates’ competencies, demonstrating that they are prepared to teach at high school level is inconceivable without clearly defined and agreed upon standards. Since EFL teachers’ language proficiency levels in the target language is a sig چکیده کاملEvaluating teacher candidates’ competencies, demonstrating that they are prepared to teach at high school level is inconceivable without clearly defined and agreed upon standards. Since EFL teachers’ language proficiency levels in the target language is a significant factor in teaching effectiveness, this study intended to set threshold listening, speaking, reading and writing proficiency levels for the Iranian high school EFL teachers based on ACTFL proficiency guidelines. To this end, a concurrent mixed-method qualitative quantitative approach was conducted. Data were collected through conducting semi-structured interviews with 40 teacher educators and administering a seven-point Likert scale questionnaire to 212 high school EFL teachers. The results indicated that high school EFL teachers must be able to understand, speak, and write English at a minimum level of Advanced-Low and be able to read English at a minimum level of Advanced-Mid as defined in the ACTFL proficiency scale in order to teach English effectively. The results of this study can be used as benchmarks in prospective high school EFL teachers’ initial certification and licensing and in the design of pre-service EFL teacher education program at Farhangian University. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
2 - EFL Teacher's Affective Constructs and Their Sense of Responsibility
Hamed Ghaemi Hassanali AbdullahiThis study, in the first place, attempted to examine the relationship between English as foreign language (EFL) teachers' affective constructs and their sense of responsibility. In the second place, the roles of teachers' gender, years of teaching experience, school set چکیده کاملThis study, in the first place, attempted to examine the relationship between English as foreign language (EFL) teachers' affective constructs and their sense of responsibility. In the second place, the roles of teachers' gender, years of teaching experience, school setting, and the number of students in the classroom on teachers' affective constructs and sense of responsibility were investigated. For this purpose, 110 EFL teachers were selected through availability sampling from different high schools in Neyshabur, Iran. The teachers were asked to fill out a multi-dimensional questionnaire including different affective constructs and responsibility subscales. The subsequent data analysis via correlation and multi analysis of variances revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers' affective constructs and their sense of responsibility. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between teachers' experience and school setting with teachers' affective constructs and their sense of responsibility. But the effects of teachers' gender and the number of students in their classrooms on teachers' affective construct and their sense of responsibility were not significant. The conclusions and implications of the research are further discussed with reference to earlier findings. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
3 - The Relationship Between Language Teacher Immunity and Personality Type of Iranian EFL Teachers
Bahareh Khazaeenezhad Maryam DavoudinasabLanguage teacher immunity is a novel concept in language teacher psychology that serves as a shield against the unavoidable hassles of teaching contexts. The current study aimed to fill the gap in the existing literature by employing a mixed-methods approach to find the چکیده کاملLanguage teacher immunity is a novel concept in language teacher psychology that serves as a shield against the unavoidable hassles of teaching contexts. The current study aimed to fill the gap in the existing literature by employing a mixed-methods approach to find the relationship between Iranian EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers' immunity and their personality types. For the quantitative phase of the study, the data were collected through two questionnaires, teacher immunity by Hiver (2016) and the NEO-FFI-3 (NEO Five-Factor Inventory) by Costa and McCrae (2010), which were distributed among a random sample of 50 participants (19 males and 31 females) in various language institutes in Iran. For the qualitative phase of the study, an interview was conducted with eight EFL teachers through a phone call to reach in-depth information regarding teacher immunity. The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between teacher immunity facets and personality types. Teaching self-efficacy and conscientiousness was the most dominant teacher immunity facets and personality types. The current study would probably help EFL teachers know how to respond to various traumatic and detrimental situations in teaching English based on their personality and immunity types. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - A Phenomenological Study of EFL Teachers' Job Burnout: The Case of Private Language Institutes in Iran
Elham Mohammadi Mansooreh AmiriQualified human resources are valuable capital for the growth and development of organizations. Among the factors influencing the quality of human resources (e.g. teachers) is Job Burnout. This study aimed at probing the underlying layers of job burnout of the teachers چکیده کاملQualified human resources are valuable capital for the growth and development of organizations. Among the factors influencing the quality of human resources (e.g. teachers) is Job Burnout. This study aimed at probing the underlying layers of job burnout of the teachers practicing in Iranian private language institutes. To do so, a two-phase design was applied including quantitative and phenomenological qualitative methods. The data were collected through the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and one-by-one semi-structured interviews. The results of the first stage demonstrated that the participants were moderately burned out. Next, 20 (10 males & 10 females) EFL teachers with at least five years of experience were invited to take part in the interview. After confirming the saturation of data, the researcher analyzed the transcriptions and four main themes, and 16 sub-themes emerged. The results encompassed the definition of burnout, its sources, instances and consequences, and possible strategies to cope with the phenomenon. Private language institute administrators and managers can benefit from the implications of this study by taking due measures like social and emotional support and forming peer support groups to reduce burnout among their employees. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - Self-Reflection vs. Group-Reflection Training: The Investigation of Iranian In-Service EFL Teachers’ Performance Development
Sajjad Fathi Ahmad Mohseni Hossein RahmanpanahThe current study investigates the effect of self- and group-reflection training on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ performance development. From all available participants teaching at the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 40 in-serv چکیده کاملThe current study investigates the effect of self- and group-reflection training on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ performance development. From all available participants teaching at the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 40 in-service EFL teachers were selected. An observation checklist, a semi-structured interview, and the Skype app were employed. There were two groups, i.e., a self-reflection group (N=20) and a group-reflection group (N=20; five subgroups with four members). A mixed-methods design was used in this study. Before the training phase, the pre-test (observation checklist) was administered. During the training phase, the self-reflection group members were exposed to self-reflection practice. In addition, the group-reflection participants were exposed to the group-reflection practice. The instruction was presented in 16 sessions twice a week for two months. After the training phase, the post-test (observation checklist) was administered. Moreover, participants were given a semi-structured interview on their reactions to their teaching efficacy. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS software version 23. The analysis of data revealed that implementing the principles of self-reflective and group-reflective instructions had statistically significant effects on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ teaching performance. Also, participants believed that reflective practice in both forms had constructive effects on their teaching performance. This study has pedagogical implications for English language teachers, EFL learners, and teacher educators who seek to find more effective teaching methodologies and help them to construct their own meaning of teaching. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
6 - Investigating Iraqi EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Attitudes Towards English Book of Grade 6 of Primary School: Task-Based Language Learning in focus
Sedigheh Vahdat Zohreh Gooniband Shooshtari Kadhim Waheeb KadhimThis study investigated the attitudes of teachers and students toward the Iraqi primary school sixth grade task-based English textbook. Two hundred students and two hundred English teachers were invited to provide their opinions through questionnaires and interviews. Sp چکیده کاملThis study investigated the attitudes of teachers and students toward the Iraqi primary school sixth grade task-based English textbook. Two hundred students and two hundred English teachers were invited to provide their opinions through questionnaires and interviews. Specifically, the focus was on the suitability of English textbook tasks in terms of the target age group, culture, customs, traditions, class duration, classroom capacity, the availability of teaching aids, as well as the capability of teachers to interact and communicate the textbook material to students to achieve the desired learning outcome. Two instruments were used in this study. The first instrument was two questionnaires to investigate the teachers’ and students’ attitudes toward the English textbook of sixth-grade primary level based on TB, and the second instrument was a semi-structured interview to investigate teachers’ attitudes. The semi-structured interview was used to survey the participants’ attitudes, feelings and intractability with the task-based English text. The results of questionnaires pointed to the negative attitudes of the teachers and students toward the English textbook of grade 6. Moreover, both the teachers and students faced difficulty understanding and following the tasks in the textbook, leading to their confusion and waste of time. That is, the tasks were believed to be difficult to complete, perform or even redo out of the class. Finally, the textbook content appeared unsuitable for both teachers and students in terms of cultural norms and their application in local daily life situations. The study concluded with recommendations for the Iraqi Ministry of Education to modify the textbook content to match the group age-targeted 12 years old, their cultural standards, the classroom capacity, and teaching aids. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
7 - The Role of Critical Thinking Disposition in Enhancing Argumentative Writing Skill: Iranian EFL Teachers’ and Learners’ Perspective
Shaho Hoorijani Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Mohsen MasoomiThis study investigated the attitude of the Iranian EFL teachers and learners toward the role of critical thinking disposition in enhancing argumentative writing in the Iranian EFL context at Islamic Azad University, Kurdistan branch. Attitude plays an important role th چکیده کاملThis study investigated the attitude of the Iranian EFL teachers and learners toward the role of critical thinking disposition in enhancing argumentative writing in the Iranian EFL context at Islamic Azad University, Kurdistan branch. Attitude plays an important role that affecting language learning, especially writing skills in an EFL context like Iran. In this descriptive study, 14 EFL teachers and 80 EFL learners both males and females were selected based on a random sampling method. The data were gathered based on a survey approach, by using the online CCTDI questionnaire. To answer the research questions of this study and uncover the attitude of EFL teachers and learners towards the treatment, the responses the to CCTDI online questionnaire were coded and analyzed. The results indicated that teachers and learners had positive attitudes towards all components of CCTDI. They represented a highly positive disposition towards truth-seeking and inquisitiveness. Results of the study revealed that of the EFL teachers and learners have a positive attitude regarding English language teaching and learning. Another finding of the study was that, having favorable perspective toward English did not enhance their proficiency in learning English. It is hoped that the findings of this study help teacher and learners learn about critical thinking principles they will apply prudent judgment, challenge the improbable, pursue difficulties, establish alternatives, use tactics, consider alternative perspectives, and attempt to be objective. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
8 - Exploring EFL teachers’ Intercultural competence and Intercultural sensitivity Level: The Story of Teachers’ Experience
Sina Khalili Mohammad MohammadiAbstractIntercultural communicative competence (ICC) and intercultural sensitivity (IS) have attracted the attention of a number of researchers in the field of foreign language teaching and learning. Like many other studies carried out by far, the present study tries to چکیده کاملAbstractIntercultural communicative competence (ICC) and intercultural sensitivity (IS) have attracted the attention of a number of researchers in the field of foreign language teaching and learning. Like many other studies carried out by far, the present study tries to explore EFL teachers’ (with short- and long-term teaching experiences) ICC (intercultural communicative competence) and IS (intercultural sensitivity) levels and measure them in practice through administering two questionnaires to discover Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions or beliefs in understanding ICC and intercultural sensitivity. In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, via a quantitative and descriptive design; a sample of 170 EFL teachers with short (N=82)- and long-term teaching experiences (N=88) from different language institutes and high schools in West Azerbaijan province was selected to fill out the two ICC and IS questionnaires. The results of quantitative data analysis showed that both groups of Iranian EFL teachers paid special attention to ICC and IS. It also turned out that the two groups of teachers (with short term teaching experience and long-term teaching experience) were not significantly different in terms of ICC and IS levels. To put it another way, though all EFL teachers were aware of the concepts of ICC and IS and their importance in their teaching practices, they paid attention to the concept of culture. The pedagogical implications of the study are discussed. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
9 - The Relationships between Gender Identity and Teacher Success in Iranian EFL Context
Reza Afsharpour Ghasem Barani Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Zari Sadat SeyyedrezaieThe current study sought to investigate, from the perspectives of male and female English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers, the relationships between gender identity and the success of EFL teachers. In order to achieve this goal, 420 EFL teachers—200 men and 2 چکیده کاملThe current study sought to investigate, from the perspectives of male and female English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers, the relationships between gender identity and the success of EFL teachers. In order to achieve this goal, 420 EFL teachers—200 men and 220 women—participated in the study. The teachers were delivering English instruction at several language schools located in Alborz and Tehran. Convenience sampling was used to choose the participants. The design used in this study was correlational. The participants were given the Masculinity/Femininity Scale and the Characteristics of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers Scale to gather data. The participants completed the scales over the course of a month. Following data collection, the data was analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation technique. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between gender identity and the success of male and female teachers. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the study. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
10 - Designing and Validating a New Corrective Feedback Preferences Scale: Targeting Contextual Particularities
Mohammad Rahimi Shahram Afraz Amin KarimniyaThe current study was an attempt to explore the underlying factor structures of the new TPCF questionnaire designed to determine EFL teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of corrective feedbacks. To this end, 150 male and female EFL teachers from private lang چکیده کاملThe current study was an attempt to explore the underlying factor structures of the new TPCF questionnaire designed to determine EFL teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of corrective feedbacks. To this end, 150 male and female EFL teachers from private language institutes were conveniently selected to participate in the study. To come up with a suitable sample for construct validation (factor analysis), care was taken to select at least 125 participants (5 participants per item included in the final version of TPCF). The participants were aged from 27 to 38 years old. Two research instruments were utilized in the current study including an interview and a newly designed questionnaire by the researcher in the field. The findings revealed that underlying factor structures of the new TPCF included type of error & type of CF, time of feedback & teachers’ strategy, proficiency level & preplanning, perceived by learners, negative impression & gender difference, dominance, correction & CF enhancement. In addition, a new TPCF questionnaire designed for EFL teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of corrective feedbacks. Eventually, the implications of the study are presented. These findings have some implications for EFL teachers, learners, curriculum designers, and researchers. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
11 - English as a Foreign Language Teachers’ Proactive Classroom Management Strategies and Their Self-Efficacy
Faranak Fadaei Abdorreza TahririThe present investigation investigated the proactive classroom management strategies and self-efficacy of 110 EFL teachers (77 females and 33 males) and examined if there were differences in their use of such strategies based on gender and experience level. To this end, چکیده کاملThe present investigation investigated the proactive classroom management strategies and self-efficacy of 110 EFL teachers (77 females and 33 males) and examined if there were differences in their use of such strategies based on gender and experience level. To this end, the study used the Competency and Behavior Management survey created by Herrera and Little (2005) and the scale for measuring Teachers' Sense of Efficacy created by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) were utilized in this study. Additionally, 15 teachers were interviewed to gather their opinions on management strategies and self-efficacy. The analysis of Pearson correlation indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between EFL teachers’ use of proactive classroom management strategies among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and their perceived levels of self-efficacy. Moreover, an analysis using the independent-sample t-test demonstrated a noteworthy disparity in the utilization of proactive strategies among teachers with varying levels of experience; that is, less experienced teachers used proactive strategies less frequently than more experienced teachers. No positive difference in proactive strategy use was found between male and female EFL teachers. These findings impact teacher education programs by emphasizing the significance of self-efficacy in managing classrooms. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
12 - An Exploration into Iranian Novice versus Experienced EFL Teachers’ Perceptions toward a New Model of Teacher Supervision
Ashraf Montaseri Reza Pajoohan Doost Davood GhahremaniThis study explored novice and experienced EFL teachers’ perceptions toward a four-stage (readiness, informing, improvement, evaluation) supervision model administered for developing teachers’ professionalism considering different components of a standard Te چکیده کاملThis study explored novice and experienced EFL teachers’ perceptions toward a four-stage (readiness, informing, improvement, evaluation) supervision model administered for developing teachers’ professionalism considering different components of a standard Teachers’ Professional Development (TPD) model. The participants of the study were 100 novice and 100 experienced male and female EFL teachers with different academic degrees from different regions of Alborz Province. The participants’ classes were observed, and appropriate feedback was given (readiness), then a gathering was held, and all the information regarding the procedure of a TPD teacher training course was declared (informing stage). After that, the participants attended a 45-session TPD course through which all the components and subcomponents of the standard TPD model were taught theoretically and practically (improvement stage). Then, the second series of observations were carried out (evaluation stage). Finally, to elicit deep and careful perceptions from participants regarding the effectiveness of the implemented supervision programs, 30 novice and 30 experienced teachers as representatives of the population were randomly interviewed, and the qualitative reports obtained from semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically. The results represented that although there were some differences between the shortcomings and needs of the two groups, the professionalism of all the participants in different components of the TPD model was highly developed, the deficiencies were to a large extent removed and they were completely satisfied. This study had some implications for the policy-makers, teacher supervisors, teachers, and school principals. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
13 - EFL Teachers' Professional Development Needs: A Comparative Phenomenological Analysis for Face-to-Face and Online Instruction
Hossein Isaee Hamed BarjestehTeachers must be prepared to shift from face-to-face to online classes in emergencies like COVID-19. Fortunately, electronic learning made teaching a second or foreign language online possible. Online teaching requires EFL teachers to acquire new knowledge, skills, and چکیده کاملTeachers must be prepared to shift from face-to-face to online classes in emergencies like COVID-19. Fortunately, electronic learning made teaching a second or foreign language online possible. Online teaching requires EFL teachers to acquire new knowledge, skills, and competencies. Professional development (PD) is necessary to assist teachers in developing new pedagogies and competencies and coping with recent roles in online learning contexts. In effect, this study aimed to screen EFL teachers' main professional development needs for quality teaching in both face-to-face and online environments. By employing a theoretical sampling technique, the researchers conducted phenomenological research and interviewed 18 experienced EFL teachers who had practiced online teaching during Pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were held, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. The interviews were analysed using open, axial, and selective coding. Finally, it was manifested that EFL teachers have six PD needs for face-to-face classes namely pedagogical, language knowledge, classroom management, assessment, educational psychology, and material development needs. Moreover, findings revealed that EFL teachers' PD needs for online teaching could be classified into five main categories including pedagogical, content, designing and technological, communication and social skills, and classroom management needs. It is concluded that EFL teachers might feel uncomfortable teaching online courses because of the many roles and responsibilities. Therefore, it is necessary to determine EFL teachers' PD needs and competencies so that teacher educators and language institutes can design PD programs for online teachers. Findings have theoretical and practical implications for electronic learning experts, EFL teachers, teacher trainers, and language institutions. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
14 - Iranian EFL Teachers' Professional Success in High Schools and Private Language Institutes: A Comparative Study
Zeinab Roosta Mohammad Sadegh BagheriThe present study aimed to investigate professional success among Iranian EFL teachers in two different teaching contexts namely high schools and language institutes concerning their years of teaching experience, gender, level of education and socioeconomic status. Data چکیده کاملThe present study aimed to investigate professional success among Iranian EFL teachers in two different teaching contexts namely high schools and language institutes concerning their years of teaching experience, gender, level of education and socioeconomic status. Data were gathered from among 61 teachers and 600 students chosen from various private English language institutes and high schools in Shiraz, Iran. The instrument used in the study was a questionnaire developed by Moafian and Pishghadam (2009). Results indicated that professional success of male teachers is higher than that of female teachers. Findings further illustrated that there is a significant positive relationship between English teachers’ professional success and their education level and socioeconomic status. Finally, it was found that English teachers’ professional success is higher among institute teachers compared with their counterparts. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
15 - On the Relationship Between EFL Teachers’ Burnout and Their Affective Construct
Sanaz Maroofi Hamed GhaemiThis study investigated the relationship between teachers’ burnout and their affective construct. For this purpose, 384 ELT teachers in different language institutes and schools in Mashhad participated in this study. There were both male (159) and female (225) tea چکیده کاملThis study investigated the relationship between teachers’ burnout and their affective construct. For this purpose, 384 ELT teachers in different language institutes and schools in Mashhad participated in this study. There were both male (159) and female (225) teachers with different experiences and in different ages. Two instruments were given to teachers and they were asked to complete and give them back to the researcher. One of the instruments was Maslach (1993) that is teachers’ burnout and comprises 22 items with different subcategories including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement. The other instrument was the affective construct questionnaire developed by Ghaemi (2012) for the context of Iran. After gathering the questionnaires, the researcher used Pearson correlation as the statistical test to find out the relationship between the variables in this study. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between teachers’ burnout and one of the components of affective construct, i.e. social composite domain. The other component of affective construct was a social focused domain. Regarding this component, the researcher found a correlation of (0.59) with teachers’ burnout. The correlation between individual composite domain and teachers’ burnout showed a significant and strong (0.73) result. The last component of teachers’ effective constructed which was significantly correlated with burnout was an individually focused domain (.71) correlation. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
16 - The Application of Ellis’s Principles for Effective Instructed Foreign Language Learning in Iranian Language Institutes and High Schools
Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri Marzieh MehrnoushThis study attempts to investigate Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of the application of Ellis’s (2005) principles for successful instructed language learning in their language classes. To this end, a group of EFL teachers comprising high school and private چکیده کاملThis study attempts to investigate Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of the application of Ellis’s (2005) principles for successful instructed language learning in their language classes. To this end, a group of EFL teachers comprising high school and private language institute teachers took part in the study. The required data were gath- ered through a self-completion questionnaire developed by Howard and Millar (2009). Qualitative analysis of data revealed the teachers’ per- ception of the principles, as well as the principles they perceived to be most important to them, and the challenges they faced in implement- ing the principles in their language classes. These constraints included lack of time, the context of learning, the large number of students in classes, the testing system of the educational system, and the nature and structure of the language books. Results of independent samples t-test also indicated that those teachers who taught in the private lan- guage institute had a higher perception of the principles and were thus more successful than high school teachers in implementing them in their language classes. Based on the findings of the study, a number of peda- gogical implications for language teachers and syllabus and curriculum developers are stated. پرونده مقاله -
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17 - بررسی ارتباط بین میزان هویت پذیری معلمان زبان انگلیسی (فارسیزبان) با خودکارایی آنها و موفقیت زبانآموزان
عادل دست گشادهاین مطالعه به بررسی ارتباط بین میزان هویتپذیری معلمان زبان انگلیسی (فارسی زبان) با خودکارایی آنها و موفقیت زبان آموزان پرداخت. هشتاد و هفت معلم از مؤسسات مختلف زبان در این مطالعه شرکت داشتند و به پرسشنامههایی میزان هویت پذیری معلمان و خودکارایی پاسخ دادند. همچنین از ش چکیده کاملاین مطالعه به بررسی ارتباط بین میزان هویتپذیری معلمان زبان انگلیسی (فارسی زبان) با خودکارایی آنها و موفقیت زبان آموزان پرداخت. هشتاد و هفت معلم از مؤسسات مختلف زبان در این مطالعه شرکت داشتند و به پرسشنامههایی میزان هویت پذیری معلمان و خودکارایی پاسخ دادند. همچنین از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد تا میانگین نمرات کسب شدۀ زبانآموزان خود در ترم قبل را ثبت نمایند. نتایج تحلیل دادهها وجود ارتباط موثرمعنیداری بین میزان هویتپذیری معلمان با میزان خودکارایی آنها و موفقیت زبان آموزان را نشان داد. تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون به منظور بررسی اینکه آیا مولفههای هویت پذیری میتواند میزان خودکارایی معلم و موفقیت زبانآموزان را پیشبینی کند، به کار گرفتهشد. چهار زیر مجموعۀ هویتپذیری یعنی خودهای ایدهآل، خودهای باید، خودهای واقعی و خودهای ترس بهعنوان پیشبینی کنندههای میزان خودکارایی معلم درنظر گرفتهشد ورابطۀ مثبت معنیداری بین این زیرمجموعهها و خودکارایی معلمان وجود داشت. اما تنها سه گروه از این زیرمجموعهها شامل خودهای ایده آل، خودهای بایدو خودهای واقعی با میزان موفقیت زبانآموزان همبستگی مثبت معنیداری داشت. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که خودکارایی و نگرانی در خصوص پیشرفت زبانآموزان از عناصر کلیدی فرایند هویتپذیری معلمان زبان انگلیسی (فارسی زبان) است. پرونده مقاله -
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18 - Investigating the Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-Concept, Personality Traits and Teaching Styles
Mitra Zeraatpishe Elahe Mirhashemi Khalil MotallebzadehThe quality of teachers has influence on the quality of educational services. Nurturing theteachers is actually a preoccupation for the educational organizations. The aim of our educationsystem is to produce successful, well-prepared citizens; therefore, careful examina چکیده کاملThe quality of teachers has influence on the quality of educational services. Nurturing theteachers is actually a preoccupation for the educational organizations. The aim of our educationsystem is to produce successful, well-prepared citizens; therefore, careful examination ofindividuals who teach at all levels is a critical step in meeting that goal. The current studyinvestigated the relationship among Iranian EFL teachers’ personality traits, teaching styles andself-concept. The population of the study consisted of 100 male and female teachers who teach inlanguage institutes of Mashhad, Iran. They were included 60 females and 40 males. In order tocollect data for the purpose of the current study, three questionnaires were utilized which pertainto the three variables of the study, namely, Teaching Style Inventory, Revised NEO PersonalityInventory (NEO PI-R), and Teacher Self-Concept Evaluation Scale (TSCES). To answer allresearch questions Pearson correlation was conducted. Results for the first major researchquestion indicated that there are significant relationships between all sub-scales of personalityand Teaching Style. Besides, the results of second major research question demonstratesignificant relationships between all sub-scales of personality and Teacher Self-Concept. Finally,the results of the last major research question showed significant relationships between TeachingStyle and Teacher Self-Concept. Findings associated with this study could significantly benefitteachers. The teachers may discover themselves as well as how to combine their personalitycapability to create their teaching techniques become useful which is required in achieving theeducation progress blueprint and achieving the National Mission. پرونده مقاله -
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19 - The Role of Gender, Teaching experience, and academic degree in Iranian EFL Teachers' Burnout
Davood Mashhadi Heidar Hossein SafarpourThis study aims to examine the burnout level among Iranian English language teachers atTonekabon schools in Mazandaran province. More specifically, the present study intends tofind out the possible effects of the participants' gender, academic degree, and teachingexperi چکیده کاملThis study aims to examine the burnout level among Iranian English language teachers atTonekabon schools in Mazandaran province. More specifically, the present study intends tofind out the possible effects of the participants' gender, academic degree, and teachingexperiences on the three dimensions of burnout among Iranian English language teachers. Inthe present study, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Educatory survey (1986) was employedas the instrument to determine the burnout level among 30 teachers from various schools inTonekabon. A series of one sample t-test, Independent-sample t-test and one-way ANOVAwere used to analyze the data. The results indicated that all the respondents suffered fromburnout and females with less than five years of teaching experience, and bachelor degreeteachers were more affected by the burnout dimensions. The findings of the study may helpthe ministry of education to provide programs that can help alleviate burnout problemsamong the teachers. پرونده مقاله -
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20 - Promoting Professional Identity Formation of Novice EFL Teachers in E-teaching Through Online Image Management (OIM) Strategies
راضیه فلاح عزیزه چالاک حسین حیدری تبریزیAlthough the EFL teachers' challenges in developing and enhancing Professional Identity Formation (PIF) in face-to-face and virtual instruction contexts have extensively been explored, there were a limited set of practical and advantageous strategies, particularly for t چکیده کاملAlthough the EFL teachers' challenges in developing and enhancing Professional Identity Formation (PIF) in face-to-face and virtual instruction contexts have extensively been explored, there were a limited set of practical and advantageous strategies, particularly for the novice teachers, in promoting their PIF in E-teaching especially since the emergence of changed priority of teaching contexts amid the COVID-19 outbreak. Accordingly, this study attempted to check the Iranian novice EFL teachers’ PIF, uncover the potential impacts of utilizing Online Image Management (OIM) strategies in promoting their PIF, and identify the most-preferred OIM strategies. Based on the convenience sampling, 184 male and female Iranian novice EFL teachers were selected to participate in this quasi-experimental study. Two instruments, including a Questionnaire of Perceived Professional Identity (QPPI) and a series of Quantitative Online Interviews (QOIs), were used to collect the data via the virtual platform of Survey Planet. The descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t-Test packages in R were utilized to analyze the data. The results confirmed the low levels of professional identity among Iranian novice EFL teachers, verified the significant effects of OIM strategies in promoting PIF of Iranian novice EFL teachers, and shed light on reflection practices and strategies in enhancing digital literacy as the most-favored OIM strategies in promoting PIF among these teachers. This study may provide implications for EFL teachers and trainers in helping novice EFL teachers to promote their PIF with OIM strategies. پرونده مقاله -
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21 - Investigating the Iranian EFL Teacher's Perception of Critical Cultural Awareness
مصطفی غفّاری داوود کوهی مرتضی اصل رسولیThis study was an attempt to investigate the perception of Iranian senior high school teachers toward critical cultural awareness. The participants of the study comprised of 307 teachers in different high schools in Qazvin. All the participants filled in the Critical Cu چکیده کاملThis study was an attempt to investigate the perception of Iranian senior high school teachers toward critical cultural awareness. The participants of the study comprised of 307 teachers in different high schools in Qazvin. All the participants filled in the Critical Cultural Awareness Questionnaire. The data were then fed into SPSS software and were subjected to Principal Components Analysis. Three factors were extracted and named as CCA in ELT Programs, CCA in ELT Textbooks and Materials, and CCA in General Terms, and the participants’ responses were analyzed based on these factors. The results indicated that the teachers’ critical awareness perception toward ELT Textbooks and Materials was the highest factor. The results of the item analysis revealed that teachers indicate all cultures should have an equal status in ELT textbooks and materials. It was concluded that the teachers’ cultural awareness regarding the integration of culture into mainstream teaching should be raised and they should pay more attention to culture in their classes. One significant implication of this study for EFL teachers and also syllabus designers is that an intercultural curriculum can enable learners to have a better understanding of the target materials. پرونده مقاله -
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22 - Online Teacher Roles and Competencies: Voices from Pre-Service EFL Teachers
مینا بصیرت محبوبه تقی زادهGiven the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and consequently the emergence of more online courses throughout the world, exploring teachers’ views about the shift from face-to-face to online environments seems significant. The objective of this study was thus twofold چکیده کاملGiven the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and consequently the emergence of more online courses throughout the world, exploring teachers’ views about the shift from face-to-face to online environments seems significant. The objective of this study was thus twofold: (a) to investigate the roles EFL teachers take and (b) to determine competencies required to teach online English language courses. Mixed-methods research was conducted, and the participants were 100 MA students of TEFL at Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST). The required data were collected through administering two questionnaires, adapted by the researchers, on online teacher roles and competencies along with two open-ended questions. After carrying out descriptive statistics for the quantitative data and theme-based analysis for the qualitative ones, the results indicated that online teaching roles could be hierarchically ranked as pedagogical, professional, administrative, social, assessment, technological, and researcher. With regard to online teacher competencies, pedagogical, professional, and technological role competencies received the highest mean, while the researcher role competencies gained the lowest one. Pre-service EFL teachers held the view that having knowledge of technology and its use, knowledge of course/content, ability to sustain learners' motivation, online teaching skills, and ability to communicate were other competencies teachers require to fulfill their roles in online English language courses. The findings can provide more insights into how to redesign and map online teacher professional development courses to better prepare potential EFL teachers and boost their quality as online EFL teachers. پرونده مقاله -
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23 - Interactionist and Interventionist Dynamic Assessment Approaches to Teaching Argumentative Writing: Do Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency Develop?
آیدا رحمانی فرهیخته مژگان رشتچی مسعود یزدانی مقدمComplexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) are measures of language proficiency in productive skills. This study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-post-test design explored whether Dynamic Assessment (DA) procedures enhances EFL teachers' writing CAF. Three 22-me چکیده کاملComplexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) are measures of language proficiency in productive skills. This study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-post-test design explored whether Dynamic Assessment (DA) procedures enhances EFL teachers' writing CAF. Three 22-member groups of homogeneous teachers were randomly assigned to one control group (Non-DA), an interactionist DA group (IA-DAG), and an interventionist DA group (IV-DAG). After the nine-session treatment, the study groups took a writing post-test. A one-way ANOVA test showed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group, although no significant differences were found between DA groups. Besides, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups' writing complexity. Considering accuracy, IA-DAG outperformed Non-DAG whereas no significant differences were observed between the experimental groups and between IV-DAG and Non-DAG. Fluency measures showed the superiority of DA groups to the control group. The first conclusion was that DA processes have a decisive role in improving writing skills and the CAF triad. Second, CAF components do not develop in a linear process, and employing DA procedures can be useful for its improvement. The paper has implications for language teachers and SLA researchers. پرونده مقاله -
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24 - A Brain-Friendly Teaching Inventory: A Rasch-based Model Validation
انسیه ستاری گوارشک مونا طباطبایی یزدیTeachers usually teach according to how brains naturally learn. In this way, not only do their learners learn, retain, and recall quickly, but also the teaching becomes more joyful. Increased attention to the worthwhile role of the mind in learning/teaching in recent ti چکیده کاملTeachers usually teach according to how brains naturally learn. In this way, not only do their learners learn, retain, and recall quickly, but also the teaching becomes more joyful. Increased attention to the worthwhile role of the mind in learning/teaching in recent times Due to the lack of a valid scale for estimating teachers' awareness of brain-friendly teaching, the current study intended to construct and validate a 54-item brain-friendly teaching inventory by the implementation of the Rasch model. The test was administered to 200 Iranian EFL teachers from different educational contexts. The results revealed that all the 54 items of the scale had a good fit to the Rasch model. Infit and outfit values were within the acceptable range which indicates unidimensionality of the scale. Furthermore, it is asserted that the inventory enjoyed suitable reliability. This demonstrates that the Brain-Friendly Teaching Inventory is valid and can be applied as a scale for assessing the teachers' awareness of brain-friendly teaching. پرونده مقاله -
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25 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Burnout Sources: A Qualitative Study
مریم موسوی علی امیرقاسمی مهناز سعیدیThis qualitative study aims to investigate the sources of burnout from Iranian EFL teachers’ perspectives. To this end,thirty-four Iranian male and female EFL teachers participated in the semi-structured interview to comment on the burnout sources and then rank th چکیده کاملThis qualitative study aims to investigate the sources of burnout from Iranian EFL teachers’ perspectives. To this end,thirty-four Iranian male and female EFL teachers participated in the semi-structured interview to comment on the burnout sources and then rank them in terms of priority. Also, one hundred teachers responded to an online open-ended questionnaire. The coding scheme revealed two external and internal nodes, five themes, and fifteen subthemes. Under the external node lay financial, organizational, and teacher training problems. The internal node involved teachers’ psycho-affective traits and personal life affairs. The results showed that external sources outweighed the internal ones. Among the external sources, teachers’ low pay, the supervisor’s maltreatment, and workload, and among the internal ones, teachers’ low problem-solving abilities, low motivation and self-efficacy held high ranks. No one attributed burnout to teachers’ gender and age, and almost all participants unanimously criticized the educational administration system of Iran for not providing teachers with the necessary means of burnout recognition and prevention. The study has implications for educational policymakers and practitioners. پرونده مقاله -
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26 - Intercultural competence, Intercultural sensitivity, and Language Pedagogy: Perspectives of Iranian Novice and Experienced EFL Teachers
Sina Khalili Mohammad MohammadiIntercultural competence and intercultural sensitivity have drawn the attention of a myriad of scholars in the fields of language teaching, communication, culture, gender, and ethnicity. This is the rationale behind the current research aiming at investigating EFL teach چکیده کاملIntercultural competence and intercultural sensitivity have drawn the attention of a myriad of scholars in the fields of language teaching, communication, culture, gender, and ethnicity. This is the rationale behind the current research aiming at investigating EFL teachers’ beliefs concerning the concepts of intercultural communication competence (ICC) and intercultural sensitivity (IS) and how such concepts are promoted in their real practices in English classes. To this end, utilizing a qualitative design, a sample of 20 EFL teachers (11 experienced and 9 novice teachers) from different language institutes in West Azerbaijan province were selected. A semi-structured interview and a three-session observation were conducted as data-gathering tools. The results of the data analysis indicated that even though Iranian EFL teachers were familiar with the concepts of IS and ICC and they knew that language and culture are not isolated terms, they ignored culture in the classes due to some regularities imposed on them by society. As a matter of fact, for teachers, the concept of language is the top priority while culture plays a second fiddle. The study has some pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and learners in overcoming cultural differences to improve the level of language proficiency. پرونده مقاله -
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27 - Teacher Autonomy and Personality Traits: A Comparative Study of Iranian Male and Female EFL Teachers
Elaheh Fadaee Amir Marzban Shaaban Najafi KarimiTeacher autonomy and teacher personality, both affecting teaching and learning processes, were focused on in this gender-comparative study. The required data was gathered through convenience sampling by online distributing two sets of questionnaires, which were responde چکیده کاملTeacher autonomy and teacher personality, both affecting teaching and learning processes, were focused on in this gender-comparative study. The required data was gathered through convenience sampling by online distributing two sets of questionnaires, which were responded by 156 Iranian EFL teachers, including both males and females. Then, SPSS-26 was used to analyze the data in this quantitative correlational survey to answer the two research questions, and the results indicated that a) among the five sub-constructs of personality traits, the Extraversion construct stayed on the first place according to its correlation degree to teacher autonomy, which was assessed very strong; b) male teachers naturally felt more sense of autonomy than females did; also, they are more extraverted, open, and conscientious than female teachers. Finally, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) was applied to support the acquired results. This survey can be best suited for EFL teachers to become more sensitive about their personality constructs. پرونده مقاله -
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28 - Reflection Levels among Iranian EFL Teachers: The Interactional Effects of Gender, Academic Degree and their Teachers’ Experience
Parvin Rezaie Haniyeh Davatgari Asl Nader AsadiIn today's society, it is important for teachers, particularly foreign language teachers, to understand that reflectivity is considered as a main factor in growing teaching profession. This study sought to examine the different dimensions of reflective teaching among Ir چکیده کاملIn today's society, it is important for teachers, particularly foreign language teachers, to understand that reflectivity is considered as a main factor in growing teaching profession. This study sought to examine the different dimensions of reflective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers considering the variables of gender, academic degree , teaching experience ,and interactional effect between them .In doing so, initially using an explanatory sequential mixed method survey design a five–point Lickert scale ,29-items Reflective Teaching Questionnaire including (practical, meta-cognitive, critical, cognitive and affective ) was distributed to 142 EFL teachers (male and female) with 4 to 30+ years of professional experience with BA, MA, and PhD. academic degrees. Considering teaching experience, the participants were categorized into three groups.MANOVA results indicated the significant effect of teachers’ experience on their reflective teaching with the least effect reported on the affective dimension. Secondly, sixteen EFL teachers were invited to participate in an interview. The results of the present study will be useful for EFL teachers to have effective teaching, and to involve themselves more in exploring their students’ learning styles and critical aspects of the teaching context. Obviously, reflective teaching would help teachers to foster their independence. The analysis revealed that shortage of time, prescribed syllabi, predetermined textbooks, and ineffective teacher training programs were the main obstacles to reflectivity as experienced by the teachers. The outcomes have pedagogical implications for Iranian EFL teachers and theoreticians in the area of language teaching. پرونده مقاله -
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29 - Relationship between Professional Identity and Reflectivity: A Case of Iranian EFL Teachers
pouria Aghaei Mohammad Bavali Fatemeh BehjatEFL teachers’ professional identity is a multi-dimensional and complicated concept. It is influenced by many other issues in the educational context such as reflective practice. This study intended to explore the relationship between professional identity and refl چکیده کاملEFL teachers’ professional identity is a multi-dimensional and complicated concept. It is influenced by many other issues in the educational context such as reflective practice. This study intended to explore the relationship between professional identity and reflectivity of Iranian EFL teachers. It also aimed to examine how high and low reflective teachers perceive the professional identity components. The participants were 89 EFL teachers teaching at three universities in Shiraz, Iran. Their selection was based on convenience sampling. The participants were asked to fill out two questionnaires including teacher professional identity questionnaire (Liou, 2008) and teacher reflectivity questionnaire (Akbari et al., 2010). Pearson product correlation coefficient revealed that there was a positive relationship between EFL teachers’ professional identity and reflectivity. Furthermore, the findings of regression analysis indicated that reflectivity could predict EFL teachers’ professional identity. Furthermore, the participants were categorized into two high and low reflective groups. Two groups were interviewed to examine the professional identity perceptions used by high and low reflective teachers. The thematic analysis showed that high reflective teachers used and implemented much more professional identity components in their teaching practice in comparison to the low reflective teachers. پرونده مقاله -
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30 - Junior High School EFL Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Collaborative Action Research
Parisa Ghafoori Roya BaharlouieThis study aimed to analyze high school EFL teachers’ attitudes toward collaborative action research (CAR). This study was of both qualitative and quantitative types. The number of the selected samples of this research, based on the convenience sampling method, we چکیده کاملThis study aimed to analyze high school EFL teachers’ attitudes toward collaborative action research (CAR). This study was of both qualitative and quantitative types. The number of the selected samples of this research, based on the convenience sampling method, were 20 male and female EFL teachers teaching at the Education and Training Organization of Isfahan Province. As the instrument of this research, they were given the standard questionnaire of Savaskan (2013) and Byrnes (2009) to fill. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test through SPSS Software, version 25. According to the obtained results, based on descriptive statistics, both male and female teachers had a positive attitude toward collaborative action research. (56.25% of the answers were under average (3) which showd a more positive attitude). Also, in comparison with the female teachers, male ones had a more positive attitude toward collaborative action research (2.70˂2.95). Conducting such research in this realm paves the way to make sure about the right selection of the teaching techniques in general, and collaborative action research and its subcategories in particular. پرونده مقاله -
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31 - Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Their Burnout Level in Universities and Schools
Ibrahim SafariIn every field of teaching and learning, there are some factors that have an important role in both teachers’ and students’ performance. Two of these effective psychological factors in the context of education include self-efficacy and burnout. This research چکیده کاملIn every field of teaching and learning, there are some factors that have an important role in both teachers’ and students’ performance. Two of these effective psychological factors in the context of education include self-efficacy and burnout. This research was conducted to examine the statistical relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ self-efficacy and burnout levels in the universities and schools of Iran. The data collection instruments were two questionnaires, ‘Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale’ and ‘Maslach Burnout Inventory’. The participants included 152 randomly selected teachers working in universities and schools. After data collection, the SPSS software was applied to convert the obtained data into numerical and interpretable data. To quantify the statistical relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and burnout levels, correlational analysis was used. Results indicated, there was negative correlation between teachers’ self efficacy and burnout levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between self-efficacy and burnout better, which indicated that teachers’ self efficacy was a negative predictor of their burnout. پرونده مقاله -
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32 - Lesson Plan Preparation and Implementation: Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions in Focus
Marjan Moiinvaziri Hafez ShateryA good lesson plan will most probably end up in effective teaching performance. Despite the positive role of planning lessons in the success of any teaching and learning experience, it has not been fully addressed in the Iranian EFL context, and many teachers consider i چکیده کاملA good lesson plan will most probably end up in effective teaching performance. Despite the positive role of planning lessons in the success of any teaching and learning experience, it has not been fully addressed in the Iranian EFL context, and many teachers consider it an impractical or challenging performance. Hence, the present survey study aimed at investigating what EFL teachers conceived of lesson planning and implementation. Furthermore, the role of a series of demographic variables, namely, gender, teaching experience, and educational degree, were also considered. The study participants included 120 EFL teachers working at universities, schools, and language institutes of Sirjan, Iran. The instrument used for data collection was a closed-ended questionnaire developed by Ramaila and Ramnarain (2014). The results from descriptive as well as inferential statistics, including the independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and one-sample t-test, demonstrated the EFL teachers' moderate willingness toward lesson plans in general and its different aspects in particular. It was also revealed that the participants’ perceptions of lesson planning did not differ, considering their demographic features. Educational administrators and authorities can utilize the obtained outcomes of the present study to take sound measures in this regard leading to better achievement of all language learners and even all learners in general. پرونده مقاله -
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33 - Relationship between Burnout and Reflective Teaching among EFL Teachers
Neda Ghazalbash Akbar AfghariAbstract During the course of the past few decades, teachers have increasingly become the center of attention in education, since their significant role in teaching contexts has been approved, and therefore their different aspects, such as reflective teaching and burnou چکیده کاملAbstract During the course of the past few decades, teachers have increasingly become the center of attention in education, since their significant role in teaching contexts has been approved, and therefore their different aspects, such as reflective teaching and burnout have received great attention. This study investigated the relationship between teacher burnout, and reflective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers. To this end, 50 participants (25 males and 25 females) were selected through convenience sampling. The participants were administered Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators’ Survey and Behzadpour Reflective Teaching Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. The results of the study revealed that there was a weak negative relationship between reflective teaching and burnout for male and female teachers and for both groups considered as a composite group of language teachers. پرونده مقاله -
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34 - The Effect of Burnout on Teaching Performance of Male and Female EFL Teachers in L2 Context
Hamideh Shamsafrouz Hamidreza HaghverdiAbstract The male-female differences in burnout and its possible effect on EFL teachers’ performance has not received much attention in the literature of burnout. To address this issue, the researchers conducted this study to investigate the effect of burnout and, چکیده کاملAbstract The male-female differences in burnout and its possible effect on EFL teachers’ performance has not received much attention in the literature of burnout. To address this issue, the researchers conducted this study to investigate the effect of burnout and, more specifically, its three subcomponents–Emotional, Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA)–on the teaching performance of male and female EFL teachers in an L2 teaching/learning context. The participants of this study were 30 (15 males and 15 females) English teachers of five private language institutes and 150 students of the same teachers. The data were collected through the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) and Characteristics of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis, independent-samples t test and descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis process. The results showed that burnout does not influence the teachers’ performance in a significant way. Additionally, it was revealed that there was no significant difference between the levels of burnout in male and female teachers. The findings challenge the common belief that burnout can greatly affect the teachers’ performance and that female teachers are more likely to experience burnout than male teachers, revealing instead that burnout does not significantly affect the performance of teachers and there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in their levels of burnout. پرونده مقاله -
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35 - Iranian Language School Managers’ Attitudes towards EFL Teacher Supervision
Shiva Azizpour Javad GholamiAlmost all language schools in Iran enforce teacher supervision with the purpose of promoting good teaching practices and higher standards of quality education. Despite its widespread practice, the body of research on language teacher supervision in Iranian EFL setting چکیده کاملAlmost all language schools in Iran enforce teacher supervision with the purpose of promoting good teaching practices and higher standards of quality education. Despite its widespread practice, the body of research on language teacher supervision in Iranian EFL setting is scant. The present qualitative study explored language school managers’ attitudes toward EFL teacher supervision in Iranian language schools. Based on a researcher-developed protocol, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven language school managers from Tehran and Karaj, Iran, whose managing experiences ranged from 5 to 18 years, with the purpose of identifying their attitudes, experiences, and challenges regarding supervision. The interviews drew upon emergent methodology to categorize the interviewees’ value-laden comments into five major attitudinal themes of becoming a supervisor, the requirements and responsibilities of a teacher-supervisor, evaluating a supervisor’s performance, challenges regarding teacher supervision, and supporting supervisors. The findings revealed that there are not any transparent criteria and rubrics for language school managers to draw upon to select teacher-supervisors, and supervisors are mostly selected based on their teaching potentials, experience, and merits. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that apart from observing classes and providing feedback, too many other responsibilities are assigned to supervisors in Iranian language schools. To improve the ongoing supervisory practices, the interviewees suggested the need for the development of transparent criteria and rubrics for supervisor selection. پرونده مقاله -
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36 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Attitudes towards Ministry of Education Top Model Teaching Festivals
Mohammad Nasimfar Javad Gholami Zhila MohammadniaTeaching practices are believed to be a determining factor in educational systems. For over two decades, the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Iran has been organizing Top Model Teaching Festivals to address the changes required to promote English teachers' professional de چکیده کاملTeaching practices are believed to be a determining factor in educational systems. For over two decades, the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Iran has been organizing Top Model Teaching Festivals to address the changes required to promote English teachers' professional development. Considering the high amounts of investment in such programs and their impacts on teaching and sustainable learning, this study probed into how the award-winning teachers critically view and evaluate the efficacy of such nationwide festivals. To this end, ten award-winning EFL teachers in the festivals were interviewed using a semi-structured interview protocol to qualitatively elicit their attitudes towards the program. The results obtained from the content analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that such festivals have not adequately fulfilled their main objective, which is to improve the teaching quality and potential of teachers and promote their professional development. Thus, the study calls for a reassessment of the effectiveness of such programs to find alternative ways for empowering teachers. پرونده مقاله -
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37 - An Exploratory Study of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Agency: Conceptions and Practices
Fatemehe Soghra Kordabadi nader assadi Aidinlu Haniyeh Davatgari AslThe need for a strong educational system is felt more than ever due to globalization. In this respect, teacher agency has an important role in educational change. This qualitative meta-study, therefore, addressed the attitude of the teachers towards agency and the way t چکیده کاملThe need for a strong educational system is felt more than ever due to globalization. In this respect, teacher agency has an important role in educational change. This qualitative meta-study, therefore, addressed the attitude of the teachers towards agency and the way they enact agency to facilitate learning process. To this purpose, the needed data were gathered from the narrative of life, professional history and class observations of five English teachers in Iranian context. Then, based on the Grounded Theory Approach, the data were analyzed and the obtained results showed that teachers’ pre-teaching and during teaching processes were made up of complex relationships among different resources; that is, teachers’ life ideology (their perception towards themselves and their job) and financial status. At the same time, the results revealed that teachers’ instruction experiences highly affect both their magnification of agency and their decision-making processes. It was further seen that agency was not stable at all, meaning that social factors and environmental conditions played important roles in shaping teacher’s agency. پرونده مقاله -
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38 - An Insight into Professional Development Obstacles Facing Ethiopian Primary School EFL Teachers
Belilew Molla Gebre Haile Mariam MelesThis study was conducted to identify self-directed and external professional development obstacles facing primary school EFL teachers in Southern Zone of Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The participants of the study were 63 primary school EFL teachers, 10 school principals a چکیده کاملThis study was conducted to identify self-directed and external professional development obstacles facing primary school EFL teachers in Southern Zone of Tigray Region in Ethiopia. The participants of the study were 63 primary school EFL teachers, 10 school principals and 2 clusters of supervisors. School teachers were selected using random sampling technique whereas school principals and cluster supervisors were selected by using purposive sampling. To gather data for the study, questionnaires and semi-structured interview were used. The results of the study revealed that lack of interest, having dissatisfaction in their job, unattractive salary, lack of knowledge and skills in doing action research and misunderstanding of the concept of CPD and how to do it were the major self-directed obstacles of professional development activities. The study also revealed that in adequate in-service training, supervisors’ lack of knowledge, skills and expertise in teaching English as a foreign language, work load, and lack of support and recognition from stakeholders were the major external obstacles of professional development. پرونده مقاله -
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39 - Relationship between Teaching Experience, Academic Qualifications and In-service Training Courses: The case of Iranian EFL teachers' use of critical thinking-based teaching strategies <br> DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.37.6.4
Masoud Azizi Abarghoui Saeed Ketabi Mohsen ShahrokhiThis study intended to investigate critical thinking-based teaching strategies EFL teachers of Iranian high schools integrate into their teaching. To this purpose, the inter-relationship between the teachers' frequency of use of critical thinking-based teaching strategi چکیده کاملThis study intended to investigate critical thinking-based teaching strategies EFL teachers of Iranian high schools integrate into their teaching. To this purpose, the inter-relationship between the teachers' frequency of use of critical thinking-based teaching strategies and their teaching experience, their attendance at critical thinking in-service training courses, and their higher university degree were explored through a survey questionnaire. To analyze the collected data, means, frequencies, standard deviations, percentages, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation coefficient, and five-point Likert scale were utilized. The obtained results showed that teaching experience was negatively correlated with the frequency of strategy use, and that no significant relationship was found between the frequency of strategy use and teachers’ higher university degree. The results further showed a significant relationship between the frequency of strategy use and critical thinking in-service training courses attended by teachers. The findings of this study imply that critical thinking should be reinforced in Iranian education system as well as in high school teaching schedule. پرونده مقاله -
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40 - Effect of Awareness of Teacher Education Philosophy on EFL Teachers’ Professional Skill: A Post-method Perspectivization
Ghasemali Azadi Akbar Afghari Bahram HadianTeacher education philosophy plays an important role in enhancing the teachers’ awareness of the practices particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This study meant to observe the possible effect of the awareness of teacher education phi چکیده کاملTeacher education philosophy plays an important role in enhancing the teachers’ awareness of the practices particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This study meant to observe the possible effect of the awareness of teacher education philosophy on EFL teachers’ professional skill in the light of Kumaravadivelu’s postmethod parameters, tapping teachers’ gender, academic qualification, teaching experience, and age. Through a mixed-method approach employing the posttest-only equivalent-groups design, 60 EFL teachers from four language institutes in Isfahan, Iran, were randomly appointed to experimental and control groups. The philosophy of adult education inventory for treatment of experimental group and a book for placebo of control group were used. A questionnaire, an interview, and classroom observation checklist were tools for data collection. T-test, ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney tests exposed a significant difference between EFL teachers’ awareness of teacher education philosophy and their professional skill. Female teachers, bachelor holders, the most experienced teachers, and teachers in the third age range showed better perception of the teacher education philosophy. The implications derive education policy-makers to demarcate quality resources, teacher educators to modify training approaches, and EFL teachers to develop their professional related presentations. پرونده مقاله -
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41 - Life Satisfaction and Empathy in Iranian EFL Teachers: A correlational study
Roya Hassanpour Souderjani Laya Heidari Darani Nafiseh HosseinpourThis study intended to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ life satisfaction as well as their empathy levels. Furthermore, the relationship between Iranian EFL teacher’s life satisfaction and their empathy was investigated. To achieve these objectives, a group of چکیده کاملThis study intended to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ life satisfaction as well as their empathy levels. Furthermore, the relationship between Iranian EFL teacher’s life satisfaction and their empathy was investigated. To achieve these objectives, a group of 245 male and female Iranian EFL teachers with the age range of 20 to 55 years old participated. Data were collected through Life Satisfaction and Empathy Questionnaires. Results revealed that EFL teachers were satisfied with their life and were empathic teachers. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between these two variables. The main conclusion is that life satisfaction can have positive impacts on certain aspects of life; hence, it is recommended that proper conditions be provided for the EFL teachers. Additionally, having empathy with students may create happiness in both students and the teacher. Such happiness can presumably make the student bear a positive perspective towards language learning, thereby making them more motivated to learn English. پرونده مقاله -
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42 - Professional Identity Reflection of Iranian EFL Instructors in E-Teaching: Focus on Achievement Orientation Theory
Raziyeh Fallah Azizeh Chalak Hossein Heidari TabriziWhile the main focus of the studies in the literature is centered around EFL teachers’ identity construction in face-to-face classes regarding certain cliche factors, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential of investigating EFL teachers' professional iden چکیده کاملWhile the main focus of the studies in the literature is centered around EFL teachers’ identity construction in face-to-face classes regarding certain cliche factors, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential of investigating EFL teachers' professional identity reflection in the developing contexts of distance education. Thus, this study examined the possible association between Iranian EFL instructors' Professional Identity Reflection (PIR) and their use of Achievement Orientation Strategies (AOSs) in the dynamic setting of E-teaching. Besides, this study evaluated the prediction power of the AOSs in determining the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors. One hundred four male and female Iranian EFL instructors were selected based on convenience sampling to participate in this quantitative correlational research. Two instruments, including Measure of Teachers Achievement (MoTA) and Questionnaire of Professional Identity (QPI), were used to collect the required data on the online platform of Type form. The R software's correlation and multiple regression packages were utilized to analyze the gathered data. The results indicated a robust direct association between the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors in E-teaching and their use of AOSs. Moreover, three out of four AOSs significantly predicted the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors in E-Teaching. Furthermore, the mastery-approach strategy had the most predicting power among the other AOSs. This study provides practical interdisciplinary benefits for EFL teachers, EFL teacher trainers, and educational psychologists in training EFL teachers who are aware of how their views toward achieving specific academic goals in E-teaching influence their professional identity in E-teaching. پرونده مقاله -
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43 - Investigating the Impacts of EFL Teachers' Age, Educational Background, Instructional Experience and Gender on Their Beliefs about Formative Assessment
Kamran Mehrgan Abdolmajid Hayati Seyyed Mohammad AlaviFormative assessment is deemed the collaborative processes in which teachers and learners are engaged for the purpose of understanding the learners' learning and diagnosing their strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, teachers' beliefs about formative assessment a چکیده کاملFormative assessment is deemed the collaborative processes in which teachers and learners are engaged for the purpose of understanding the learners' learning and diagnosing their strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, teachers' beliefs about formative assessment are paramount and might be influenced by a legion of variables such age, educational background, instructional experience, and gender. This study investigated the impacts of EFL teachers' age, educational background, instructional experience, and gender on their beliefs about formative assessment. To this aim, 100 male and 100 female EFL teachers from Ahvaz junior and senior high schools participated in the study. The participants were given the questionnaire of teachers' beliefs about formative assessment. The results regarding EFL teachers' age, educational background, and gender revealed no statistically significant influence on their beliefs about formative assessment. However, teachers' teaching experience had significant impacts on their beliefs about formative assessment. These findings can contribute to EFL authorities concerning assessment procedures in language learning and teaching. پرونده مقاله -
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44 - Impact of Elementary Learners’ L1 in Consciousness-raising Tasks on Their L2 Writing Accuracy
Saeideh Fatahzade Sajad Shafiee Fariba Rahimi EsfahaniWhile the main focus of the studies in the literature is centered around EFL teachers’ identity construction in face-to-face classes regarding certain cliche factors, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential of investigating EFL teachers' professional iden چکیده کاملWhile the main focus of the studies in the literature is centered around EFL teachers’ identity construction in face-to-face classes regarding certain cliche factors, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the potential of investigating EFL teachers' professional identity reflection in the developing contexts of distance education. Thus, this study examined the possible association between Iranian EFL instructors' Professional Identity Reflection (PIR) and their use of Achievement Orientation Strategies (AOSs) in the dynamic setting of E-teaching. Besides, this study evaluated the prediction power of the AOSs in determining the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors. One hundred four male and female Iranian EFL instructors were selected based on convenience sampling to participate in this quantitative correlational research. Two instruments, including Measure of Teachers Achievement (MoTA) and Questionnaire of Professional Identity (QPI), were used to collect the required data on the online platform of Type form. The R software's correlation and multiple regression packages were utilized to analyze the gathered data. The results indicated a robust direct association between the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors in E-teaching and their use of AOSs. Moreover, three out of four AOSs significantly predicted the PIR of Iranian EFL instructors in E-Teaching. Furthermore, the mastery-approach strategy had the most predicting power among the other AOSs. This study provides practical interdisciplinary benefits for EFL teachers, EFL teacher trainers, and educational psychologists in training EFL teachers who are aware of how their views toward achieving specific academic goals in E-teaching influence their professional identity in E-teaching. پرونده مقاله -
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45 - Effort-reward Imbalance and Burnout among EFL Teachers in Iran
Mehdi Haseli Songhori Alireza Atashpanjeh Maryam Noori SadeghUnderstanding the relationship between job stressors and burnout among English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher using the Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model in Iran is under-researched. Through a cross-sectional research design, the study aimed at investigating the چکیده کاملUnderstanding the relationship between job stressors and burnout among English as a foreign language (EFL) teacher using the Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model in Iran is under-researched. Through a cross-sectional research design, the study aimed at investigating the EFL teachers’ burnout using the variables in ERI model. To this aim, 105 EFL teachers filled in ERI questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey (MBI-ES). The quantitative data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to examine the relationship between variables in ERI model and burnout dimension. The results indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between effort and overcommitment and all three burnout dimensions but a negative relationship between reward subscale and depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The multiple regression analysis was also used to identify ERI subscales as predictors of burnout dimensions. The results revealed that ERI model variables had a moderate amount of variation in depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment and a small amount of variation in emotional exhaustion. پرونده مقاله -
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46 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of the Different Features of Mediation
Mahbubeh RezaeianWith the emergence of social constructivism, gradual changes in the role of teachers have been observed and the interests in the recognition of the importance of mediation in English language classrooms have been surged. It appears that the history of mediation pretty i چکیده کاملWith the emergence of social constructivism, gradual changes in the role of teachers have been observed and the interests in the recognition of the importance of mediation in English language classrooms have been surged. It appears that the history of mediation pretty ignores exploring the teachers mental lives and has not treated some variables in much details. This paper sought to reveal Iranian EFL teachers thoughts on the importance of the different aspects of mediation and to discover the degree that they act as mediators. It is also aimed to investigate the differences in Iranian high school English teachers’ perceptions across various genders, ages, degrees as well as teaching experience groups. In order to collect data Mediation Questionnaire for Language Teachers consists of three parts designed by Williams and Burden (1997) was distributed among 40 Iranian EFL teachers in three institutes in Gorgan. The results showed that 57 percent of teachers believed that mediation was very important for them. Meanwhile, they consider themselves as a mediator quite often. The findings also demonstrated no statistically significant difference in Iranian high school English teachers’ perceptions across different genders, ages and degrees apart from teaching experience. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
47 - Longitudinal Reciprocal Relationship between Language Teachers’ Trait Emotional Intelligence and their Learner’s Trait Emotional Intelligence: A Dyadic Curve of Factors Model
Rouhua Wang Majid Elahi Shirvan Tahereh Taherian Mehdi SolhiThe current research aimed at exploring the dynamic patterns of simultaneous change in EFL teachers and learners’ trait emotional intelligence (TEI) in a language classroom context. A reciprocal effects model was proposed to relate English as a foreign language (E چکیده کاملThe current research aimed at exploring the dynamic patterns of simultaneous change in EFL teachers and learners’ trait emotional intelligence (TEI) in a language classroom context. A reciprocal effects model was proposed to relate English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers to students’ TEI to suggest that there are positive reciprocal relationships between teachers’ and learners’ TEI. The model was tested with 4-wave longitudinal dyadic data (LDD) collected in the first 6 months of an academic year from 229 EFL teachers and 2016 learners. A dyadic curve of the factor model was used to analyze the data. Three research questions were formed to explore, firstly, the growth trajectories for teachers and their students’ TEI over time, secondly, whether the initial levels of teachers’ and students’ TEI predict linear change in TEI of teachers and students over time, and thirdly, whether teachers and their students’ trajectories (initial levels and slopes) of TEI were associated. The overall findings showed a slight increase in TEI in both dyad members over time. Also, a higher initial TEI was associated with more growth in TEI over time in both teachers and students. Finally, teachers who had a higher level of TEI at the beginning of the study showed were more likely to have students with an increasing TEI over time. This study is pioneering in providing longitudinal evidence for interactive emotion transmission between teachers and learners. Implications for prospective research and teacher education are provided. پرونده مقاله -
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48 - Examining The Relationship Among Stroke, Strictness, Gender Identity, and Teacher Success from EFL Teachers’ Perspective
Reza Afsharpour Ghasem Barani Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Zari Sadat SeyyedrezaeiThe present study aimed to investigate the role of EFL teacher’s strictness, stroke, and gender identity in teacher success. To do so, 420 EFL teachers, 200 males and 220 females, participated in the study. The teachers were teaching English courses in different l چکیده کاملThe present study aimed to investigate the role of EFL teacher’s strictness, stroke, and gender identity in teacher success. To do so, 420 EFL teachers, 200 males and 220 females, participated in the study. The teachers were teaching English courses in different language institutes in Tehran and Alborz provinces in Iran. The method for sample selection was convenience sampling. The present study was in the form of a survey design. To collect the required information, four instruments were administered to the sample of the study: Characteristics of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers Scale, Masculinity/Femininity Scale, Student Stroke Scale, and Teacher Strictness Scale. For collecting the data, these questionnaires were filled out by the participants during one month. After collecting the data, Pearson product-moment correlation formula and Path Analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there are no significant differences between female and male teachers’ perception of stroke, strictness, and gender identity. The findings indicated that strictness does not have a significant positive effect on female and male teachers’ success. Additionally, gender identity and stroke play a significant role in predicting female and male teachers’ success. As insufficiency of effective teachers can harm learning to a great extent, knowledge of the factors which might cause teacher success seems to be necessary for teacher trainers. پرونده مقاله -
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49 - A Qualitative Study on Iranian EFL Teachers’ Strategies of Classroom Management: Focusing on Cultural Strategies
زهره جعفری لیلا انجم شعاع ندا فاتحی رادThe main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the strategies of classroom management for Iranian EFL teachers. To achieve this aim, 30 Iranian EFL teachers were selected through convenience sampling from some online groups of high school EFL teachers in WhatsApp چکیده کاملThe main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the strategies of classroom management for Iranian EFL teachers. To achieve this aim, 30 Iranian EFL teachers were selected through convenience sampling from some online groups of high school EFL teachers in WhatsApp or Telegram. Data collection was done via an open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. According to the results, many strategies were identified which are presented in the paper. The most important ones include using knowledge received through academic education, using personal experiences, managing students' needs, giving and receiving feedback from the class, teaching based on professional ethics, and considering cultural issues. Moreover, the results indicated that EFL teachers are required to resort to cultural strategies to convert classroom management knowledge resources into practical activities. The findings have some implications for EFL teacher education researchers, policymakers, curriculum developers, and teachers. More importantly, this study can be used in teacher preparation programs to prepare teachers for classroom management in the future. پرونده مقاله -
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50 - Comparison of Iranian EFL Teachers at Public Schools and Private Language Schools: Critical Thinking Ability and Gender in Focus
مونس معصومی زاده شیما قبادیCritical thinking (CT), a basic survival skill in this fast-paced and ever-changing world we live in, has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Looking at the literature of studies, it can be clearly understood that an essential factor like gender has been ign چکیده کاملCritical thinking (CT), a basic survival skill in this fast-paced and ever-changing world we live in, has been the focus of many studies in recent years. Looking at the literature of studies, it can be clearly understood that an essential factor like gender has been ignored in the investigations conducted on CT. The present study examined the status of CT among Iranian EFL teachers and its relationship with gender in the private and public sectors. In other words, the study attempted to trace any difference between male and female EFL teachers in applying this vital skill. With these purposes in mind, 153 EFL teachers (male=57 and female=96) were selected according to a convenience sampling from 20 private language institutes and 20 public schools in Isfahan to participate in the study. The participants were requested to complete an eighty-item Watson-Glaser’s Critical Thinking Appraisal questionnaire. The findings indicated a poor status of CT among the teachers; also, it was revealed that males and females were not significantly different from one another in applying CT skills. However, the private sector apparently has provided a better context for the development of CT among EFL teachers. The conclusion and implications of the study were further discussed. پرونده مقاله -
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51 - Integration of Foreign Culture in English Instruction: Iranian EFL Learners and Teachers' Views in Academic Context
آذر باقری مسعودزاده اکرم شکریان بهزادیThis study focused on the integration of foreign culture in English instruction in an academic context. More specifically, it analyzed the Iranian university EFL students' and teachers' views towards the integration of foreign culture in English instruction. Moreover, t چکیده کاملThis study focused on the integration of foreign culture in English instruction in an academic context. More specifically, it analyzed the Iranian university EFL students' and teachers' views towards the integration of foreign culture in English instruction. Moreover, the possible difference between the participants' views towards the integration of foreign cultures was assessed. In doing so, 30 English EFL university teachers and 40 B.A. students were selected from four universities in Kerman (Bahonar, Azad, Payame Noor, & Institute of Higher Education). In order to collect data, a related questionnaire developed by Han (2010) was employed to examine the participants' views. After completing the questionnaires, the acquired data were analyzed by conducting descriptive statistics and the t-test of two independent groups. The results emerged from data analysis indicated that a great percentage of students asserted that learning foreign cultures was significant for them. It was necessary for them to get information about the target culture and spend more time on it. The university teachers remarked the same views as learning foreign cultures was important for them. It was essential for them to provide information and to spend more time on foreign culture teaching. The results of the study revealed no significant difference between the participants' views towards the integration of foreign culture in English instruction. Findings will contribute to the theoretical research gap in the field of culture and foreign language teaching and can serve as a guide to lead teachers and learners to the desired cultural goals of a specific language course. پرونده مقاله -
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52 - Effect of EFL Teachers’ Experience and Effectiveness on Their EFL Students’ Achievement
Maryam Ghaffari Mohammad Javad Riasati Mohammad BagheriThis study examined the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of experience and their effectiveness on Iranian EFL students’ achievement. 70 EFL teachers and 60 intermediate students were selected from different English language institutes in Shiraz, Fars pr چکیده کاملThis study examined the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of experience and their effectiveness on Iranian EFL students’ achievement. 70 EFL teachers and 60 intermediate students were selected from different English language institutes in Shiraz, Fars province. The instruments to collect data were Oxford Quick Placement Test, Demographics, and Teacher Effectiveness Questionnaire. The results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, frequency analysis, independent samples t-test, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings revealed teachers’ perceptions of effectiveness are related to their years of teaching experiences. It appeared that highly experienced teachers in this study perceived that their effectiveness positively influenced students’ achievement. Besides that, it is hoped that this study can also add more in-depth literature review in academia about the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ experience and their effectiveness) organization and communication skills, pedagogical knowledge, socio-affective skills, and English proficiency) on EFL students’ achievement. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
53 - Emotional Feelings of Iranian Novice and Experienced EFL Teachers Toward Colleagues, Educational Staff, Professional Networks and Student's Progress
Masoud Hashemi Peyman Rajabi Abbas BayatThe purpose of this article was to study the emotional feelings of Iranian novice and experienced EFL teachers. A group of 63 experienced and novice language teachers (33 men and 19 women) were selected by a purposeful sampling from the statistical population (77 people چکیده کاملThe purpose of this article was to study the emotional feelings of Iranian novice and experienced EFL teachers. A group of 63 experienced and novice language teachers (33 men and 19 women) were selected by a purposeful sampling from the statistical population (77 people). The Persian version of the TES questionnaire was used to measure the emotional feelings of the participants toward their professional lives. About 80% of the novice teachers reported having the first stage of emotional feeling: fantasy. They described various fantasies about their students, the parents, and the school staff and the pleasant or unpleasant environments they think they will have in their future classrooms. This stage (unrealistic positivism) seemed quite pleasing to them since students and their parents respected them for their hard work, and no one wanted to misbehave. Moreover, 79% of novice teachers reported experiencing the "survival" stage, in which they fought for their professional identity and a sense of worth among students and colleagues, and 92 % reported a sense of failure when their students failed their classes. پرونده مقاله -
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54 - A Case of Group-Reflection Training: Iranian In-Service EFL Teachers’ Belief and Performance Development
سجاد فتحی احمد محسنی حسین رحمن پناهThis study examines the effect of implementing group-reflection training on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ beliefs and performance development. From all available participants teaching at the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehr چکیده کاملThis study examines the effect of implementing group-reflection training on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ beliefs and performance development. From all available participants teaching at the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, 20 in-service EFL teachers participated in this study. All participants held a master's degree in TEFL. Teacher’s belief questionnaire, observation checklist, and Skype app were used as the instruments to collect data in this study. Before the training phase, the pre-test (observation checklist) was administered, and teachers’ previous teaching performance was evaluated and recorded by an expert supervisor (one of the researchers). Also, the teacher’s belief questionnaire was used by all the participants in this study to evaluate teachers’ assumptions about the efficacy of their teaching practice. The researchers utilized Skype App to instruct the participants in an online setting. During the training phase, participants were exposed to the group-reflection practice. The instruction was done in 16 sessions twice a week for two months. After the training phase, the post-test (observation checklist) was administered, and teachers’ teaching performance was evaluated and re-recorded. The teacher’s belief questionnaire was also utilized as the post-test. The data analysis indicated that implementing the principles of group-reflective instruction had a statistically significant effect on Iranian in-service EFL teachers’ beliefs about their teaching efficacy and teaching performance development. The findings of the present study have some implications that can assist English language educators, EFL learners, students, language curriculum program policymakers, and syllabus designers. پرونده مقاله -
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55 - Exploring the Interplay among Stroke, Strictness, and Teacher Success from EFL Teachers’ Perspective: A Mixed-Methods Study
Reza Afsharpour Ghasem Barani Seyyed Hassan Seyyed Rezaei Zari Sadat SeyyedrezaeiThis mixed-methods study aimed to explore the interplay among stroke, strictness, and teacher success from Iranian male and female EFL teachers’ points of view. This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. In the present study, 420 EFL teac چکیده کاملThis mixed-methods study aimed to explore the interplay among stroke, strictness, and teacher success from Iranian male and female EFL teachers’ points of view. This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. In the present study, 420 EFL teachers, 200 males and 220 females, participated based on convenience sampling. For collecting the quantitative data, three questionnaires were employed. From the sample of the study, 50 EFL teachers (25 male and 25 female) were interviewed on teacher stroke and teacher strictness. The intended variables' relationships were examined using the Pearson product-moment correlation formula, and thematic analysis (TA) was applied to analyze the qualitative data. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between female and male teachers' success and stroke, and there is also a significant relationship between female and male teachers' success and strictness. The qualitative findings indicated that the male and female teachers adopted a positive view toward strictness and stroke as the teachers behaviors in the class in which complement the quantitative findings. At the end of the paper, the implications of the study were presented. پرونده مقاله -
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56 - The Role of Self-Efficacy Instruction in EFL Teachers’ Professional Development: A Mixed-Method Study
Mohammad Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein Yousefi Asghar SalimiThe aim of the present mixed-method study is investigating the role of SE instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ PD. To do so, 30 EFL teachers and 150 of their students in different high schools in Zanjan, Iran were selected as the participan چکیده کاملThe aim of the present mixed-method study is investigating the role of SE instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ PD. To do so, 30 EFL teachers and 150 of their students in different high schools in Zanjan, Iran were selected as the participants of the study. The convenience (availability) sampling procedure was used to select the participants. The students were asked to fill out the the teachers’ PD survey, and the questionnaire of SE was filled out by the teachers as the pretest. Then, the teachers received in-service training for SE with a specified syllabus. At the end of the training period, which lasted 5 sessions in a 1.5-month course, the students completed the teachers’ PD survey, and the teachers filled out the SE questionnaire again as the posttest. To analyze the results of the questionnaires as the quantitative data, a paired-samples t-test was employed. In the qualitative phase, an in-depth interview was held with the 30 teachers concerning their ideas towards the effects of SE instruction on their PD, and the collected data was analyzed through content analysis technique. The findings of the study revealed that the EFL teachers’ SE significantly affected their PD based on the results of the questionnaires and in-depth interviews. پرونده مقاله -
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57 - Measuring EFL Teachers’ Assessment Identity: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire
Qotboddin Jan-nesar Moqaddam Hossein Khodabakhshzadeh Khalil Motallebzadeh Gholam Hassan KhajavyThis paper investigated the quantitative phase of an exploratory sequential mixed methods research. The main purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Teachers‟ Assessment Identity (TAI) question- naire based on the dimensions and factors found in the first pa چکیده کاملThis paper investigated the quantitative phase of an exploratory sequential mixed methods research. The main purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Teachers‟ Assessment Identity (TAI) question- naire based on the dimensions and factors found in the first part of the study. The extracted factors from interviews along with the theoretical framework formed the basis for the generation of the pool of items, which later reduced to 46 items for eventual inclusion in TAI questionnaire. This initial draft of the scale was revised and re-worded based on the comments offered by assessment experts and teachers. The de- signed questionnaire was then distributed to 384 EFL teachers. Normality and reliability of data were measured using SPSS. Construct validity of the designed scale was assessed through CFA with AMOS 24. The results derived from the statistical analysis indicated that TAI questionnaire had a good model- data fit, and the factor loadings and reliability values were at a satisfactory level. The findings showed that the Teachers‟ Assessment Identity (TAI) questionnaire contained three dimensions i.e. assessing as- sessment literacy, dispositions, and contextual factors. This questionnaire could be used as a valid and reliable scale for teachers as assessors. پرونده مقاله -
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58 - Addressing the Dilemma in ESP Teaching: The English Language Teacher or the Subject-matter Specialist?
Masoud Zoghi Shohreh FarsiTeaching English for Specific Purposes (TESP) has been a controversial issue among EFL teachers and others. The question raised by many is whether the English language instructor or the subject-matter specialist should teach ESP courses. The main purpose of the present چکیده کاملTeaching English for Specific Purposes (TESP) has been a controversial issue among EFL teachers and others. The question raised by many is whether the English language instructor or the subject-matter specialist should teach ESP courses. The main purpose of the present study was to re-address this issue. To this end, 60 second-year students majoring in Feqh and Islamic Law at Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch were randomly selected. Then, they were divided into two classes with 30 members in each. The classes were taught by two lecturers – an EFL instructor and a subject-matter specialist – for an entire semester. At the end of the course, two types of measures were used: an achievement test and an attitude questionnaire. Analysis of the results represented that the EFL instructor's class scored higher than the subject-matter specialist’s class on the achievement test, and that they expressed greater satisfaction with their classes on the attitude questionnaire. Implications of the findings are discussed, accordingly. پرونده مقاله -
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59 - Effect of EFL Teachers’ Experience and Empowerment on Their EFL Students’ Achievement
Maryam Ghaffari Mohammad Javad Riasati Mohammad BagheriThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of experience and their empowerment on Iranian EFL students’ achievement. To this end, 70 EFL teachers and 60 intermediate students were selected from different English la چکیده کاملThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ years of experience and their empowerment on Iranian EFL students’ achievement. To this end, 70 EFL teachers and 60 intermediate students were selected from different English language institutes in Shiraz, Fars province. The instruments used in this study include the Oxford Quick Placement Test, Demographics, and Teacher Empowerment Questionnaire. The results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, frequency analysis, independent samples t-test, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The result from the descriptive analysis regarding the distribution of means based upon the responses provided by the participants of the present study indicated that highly experienced teachers view their most empowered subscale as autonomy, status, self-efficacy, impact, decision-making and professional growth, respectively. These results suggested that teachers perceive their highest level of empowerment to reside in their ability to make decisions on what is taught or about curriculum, and to have control over daily schedules. In addition, it is important to mention that low-experienced teachers view their most empowered subscale as self-efficacy, professional growth, status, autonomy, impact and decision-making. The findings of the current research suggest that teachers perceive their highest level of empowerment to reside in their ability to share their skills and knowledge with students to help them learn. پرونده مقاله -
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60 - Status of English as a Foreign Language Teachers from their Perspectives According to the Professional Competency Model
شیوا مرزوقی حسین احمدی حمید رضا خلجیThis mixed-method study investigated the various competencies English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers require by examining a model. To fulfill the study objectives, the grounded theory was adopted in the qualitative phase to explore EFL key informants' articulations چکیده کاملThis mixed-method study investigated the various competencies English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers require by examining a model. To fulfill the study objectives, the grounded theory was adopted in the qualitative phase to explore EFL key informants' articulations and concerns about the issue; therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 Iranian EFL teachers recruited by purposeful sampling. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-made 103 item questionnaire was extracted based on the interview codes. After being piloted, it was administrated to 382 Iranian EFL teachers to validate the results obtained in the qualitative phase and investigate Iranian EFL teachers' professional competency and their preferences about its dimensions. Three dimensions were discovered in the qualitative phase, which was not favourable among EFL teachers in the quantitative phase. Meanwhile, factor analysis about the EFL teachers' dimensions yielded three factors according to priority: a) attitudinal competency, b) management competency, and c) language competency. The researchers concluded that attitudinal competency is regarded as the most highly valued of the three dimensions by Iranian EFL teachers. Language competency is regarded as the least priority, which justifies the fact that despite showing eagerness and enthusiasm to teach, these teachers do not possess enough linguistic competency and do not tend to develop it. Accordingly, the researchers suggested some practices for developing EFL teachers' professional competency, emphasizing that all dimensions are essential and EFL teachers should have a balanced combination of them. پرونده مقاله -
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61 - EFL teachers’ pragmatic awareness and classroom practices influenced by an in-service training course of meta-pragmatics
Behnood Samani Mehrdad Amiri Naser GhafouriThe present study focused on the effect of an in-service meta-pragmatics training course on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ pragmatic awareness and classroom pragmatic practices. A mixed methods design was used to achieve the objectives of the stud چکیده کاملThe present study focused on the effect of an in-service meta-pragmatics training course on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ pragmatic awareness and classroom pragmatic practices. A mixed methods design was used to achieve the objectives of the study. In the quantitative phase of the study, 300 EFL teachers were selected through convenience sampling and filled out the Pragmatic Awareness Questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, 60 of those teachers participated in a pragmatic training course. They were divided into experimental and control groups and underwent the processes of pretesting, intervention, and post-testing. Furthermore, 30 of these teachers were observed in terms of their teaching inter-language pragmatics both before and after the training course of meta-pragmatics. The results of the multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) revealed that EFL teacher’s pragmatic awareness was relatively low. In addition, the findings unveiled a statistically significant difference between the EFL teachers’ meta-pragmatic awareness and their practices in terms of the 'language teacher' component. Moreover, the findings showed a statistically significant improvement in the EFL teachers’ pragmatic practices regarding teaching pragmatic features after receiving the instructions. The results of this study have some implications for stakeholders, namely EFL teacher trainers, EFL teachers, and EFL students. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
62 - The Impact of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Achievement Value Orientation on Reflective Teaching: The Mediating Role of Job Performance
Nasrin Bahojb Ghahvechipour Saeideh Ahanghari Masoud ZoghiTeachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately im چکیده کاملTeachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately improving job performance. While previous teachers' reflective studies in the field of English as a foreign language (EFL) have examined a wide range of variables, certain variables such as EFL teachers' achievement value orientation and job performance related to reflective teaching have remained under-researched. To this end, this study examined the EFL teachers' achievement value orientation factor identified as having a contributive role in EFL teachers' reflective teaching regarding the mediating role of job performance. The study sample consisted of 237 Iranian EFL teachers aged between 25 and 60. Based on the results of structural equation modeling (SEM), EFL teachers' achievement value orientation directly and significantly influences counterproductive work behavior (CWB) dimension of their job performance as well as metacognitive and affective dimensions of their reflective teaching. It was also shown that task performance (TP) has a direct effect on cognitive, contextual performance (CP) on cognitive and critical, and CWB on the metacognitive dimension of reflective teaching. The results also indicated that the CWB dimension of job performance mediates the impact of EFL Teachers’ achievement value orientation on metacognitive dimension of their reflective teaching. Teacher training programs should emphasize the importance of developing an achievement value orientation in teachers and reflective teaching should be promoted as a key component of teachers' professional development. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
63 - The Impact of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Achievement Value Orientation on Reflective Teaching: The Mediating Role of Job Performance
Nasrin Bahojb Ghahvechipour Saeideh Ahanghari Masoud ZoghiTeachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately im چکیده کاملTeachers who possess an achievement value orientation may concentrate on establishing ambitious objectives for themselves, as well as creating opportunities for pupils to showcase their abilities and attain success. This can increase student motivation and ultimately improve job performance. While previous teachers' reflective studies in the field of English as a foreign language (EFL) have examined a wide range of variables, certain variables, such as EFL teachers' achievement value orientation and job performance related to reflective teaching, have remained under-researched. To this end, this study examined the EFL teachers' achievement value orientation factor, which was identified as having a contributive role in EFL teachers' reflective teaching regarding the mediating role of job performance. The study sample consisted of 237 Iranian EFL teachers aged between 25 and 60. Based on the results of structural equation modeling (SEM), EFL teachers' achievement value orientation directly and significantly influences the counterproductive work behavior (CWB) dimension of their job performance as well as the metacognitive and affective dimensions of their reflective teaching. It was also shown that task performance (TP) has a direct effect on cognitive, contextual performance (CP) on cognitive and critical, and CWB on the metacognitive dimension of reflective teaching. The results also indicated that the CWB dimension of job performance mediates the impact of EFL Teachers’ achievement value orientation on the metacognitive dimension of their reflective teaching. Teacher training programs should emphasize the importance of developing an achievement value orientation in teachers, and reflective teaching should be promoted as a key component of teachers' professional development. پرونده مقاله
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