morality

Open Access Article

1 - Designing ethic model with Consider to the tasks of public managers with Fuzzy Expert System Approach
davoud haghkhah مرتضی موسی خانی غلام رضا معمار زاده

context: normative ethics-oriented in recent years has been of interest to management scholars. In this paper we identify moral dimensions of public administration schools hybrid model for the use of behavior public managers is provided .Objective: To explain the identi More

context: normative ethics-oriented in recent years has been of interest to management scholars. In this paper we identify moral dimensions of public administration schools hybrid model for the use of behavior public managers is provided .Objective: To explain the identification of the schools hybrid model ethics ethics in public organizations is in line with management tasks.Methods: This study has been conducted applied research and research combined. In order to determine the model of society of 10 academic experts and Successful organizational executive with cluster sampling of 130 top managers of Khorasan Razavi province were studied. Model interview questionnaire was used for preliminary recognition.Results: According to the findings of the study indicate that managers in public organizations according to four normative ethical dimension can their duties at a glance combined with a focus on task-oriented approach will be effective.Conclusion: This study shows that government managers Organizers of an optimum combination for use in organizations with a focus on virtue ethics in their organizations in Iran. In addition, by changing the composition of the ethical responsibilities of managers Managers are moral priorities change Manuscript profile

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2 - Investigating the Effectiveness Iran’s Cinema’s Cultural Role on Ethical Values of Iranian Young People
Seyed Mohammad Dadgaran Mahsa Zandi Maryam Amiri

The Cinema is a phenomenon that has opened its way to the societies over the past 100 years, especially in the current era that the pleasure of visual culture has been overcome on benefit, introduced itself to mankind in different forms and formats. Therefore, the film More

The Cinema is a phenomenon that has opened its way to the societies over the past 100 years, especially in the current era that the pleasure of visual culture has been overcome on benefit, introduced itself to mankind in different forms and formats. Therefore, the film industry and producing TV and cinema programs are largely spread by taking advantage of technological growth. Because this phenomenon has very important role in creation of culture , the change of culture and acculturation of society, it has influenced on various people in different ways , it means that the effect on Western culture is different from East because of cultural backgrounds' differences of the two civilizations .Mass media such as radio, television and newspapers play a significant role in education, guidance and raising social consciousness of adolescents and youth and its contrary will follow deviance, corruption and crime. The mass media like many of findings and human made can be helpful or harmful. Therefore, radio, TV, films and press are not determinative and effective tool on social deviances but are a tool in the hands of humans Manuscript profile

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3 - Developmental Idealism and the Proposal of a Theoretical Model for Family Change in Iran
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Shahriyar Paknia

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4 - African Jurisprudence: The Law as a Complement to Public Morality
Kingsley Ufuoma Omoyibo

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5 - The study of cultural factors on environmental protection Tehran (A case study of regions of 4)
عباسعلی قیومی کامران محمدخانی مجید محمد سمنانی

Introduction & Objective: environmental protection is basic issues in environmental. The purpose of this study was the study of relationship between cultural factors on environmental protection Tehran (a case study of regions of 4). Method: The research method was More

Introduction & Objective: environmental protection is basic issues in environmental. The purpose of this study was the study of relationship between cultural factors on environmental protection Tehran (a case study of regions of 4). Method: The research method was Design present study were Survey- Descriptive. The Population of this study has been Total family inmate in regions of4 Tehran. To choose samples Cluster sampling methods was used 380 family were chosen and there were investigated. Measurement tools include Demographic and cultural factors on environmental protection, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire content was confirmed. Results: Statistical methods for analyzing data from a T- test and Friedman Methods were used. T- test showed that the education and awareness, responsibility sensation, religion values, social morality and normalative is cultural factors on environmental protection. Also social morality, education and awareness, religion values, normalative, responsibility sensation were from basic to weak factors.  Conclusion: In general, with increase cultural factors on environmental protection, environmental destruction Decrease.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Moore's Open Question Argument Compared to the Ontology of Good in Ibn ʿArabi's Mysticism
Alireza Aram

10.30495/pi.2022.19558

The present article describes the open question argument and while analyzing the semantics of ethics in Ibn Arabi’s view, deals with a critical comparison of these two views. From a point of view, the perception of good depends on the understanding of the truth of More

The present article describes the open question argument and while analyzing the semantics of ethics in Ibn Arabi’s view, deals with a critical comparison of these two views. From a point of view, the perception of good depends on the understanding of the truth of existence, and until existence is accepted as absolute good, the interpretation of the instance of good is not possible. However, philosophical ethics theory of Moore does not tend to such an ontological interpretation, and limits the good to the scope of semantic discussions. At first glance, the ontological interpretation of good, as a presupposition, seems to be hidden from Moore's view. But to formulate more comprehensive theory of ethics, it is necessary to moderate both views. With an acceptable interpretation of the theory of unity of existence, the mystical doctrine of good can be recognized as a basis for Moore's intuitionism. Also, by discovering the ontological assumptions from the inside of semantic theory of him, one can answer doubts about the objectivity and reality of ethics Manuscript profile

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7 - Constituents of Meaningful Life According to J.Cottingham
امیرعباس علیزمانی مهدی غفوریان

The meaning of life is one of the most important subjects in philosophythat John Cottingham in “on the meaning of life” discusses this. Thequestion of the meaning of life is important in his view because justhuman being asks “what is the meaning of lif More

The meaning of life is one of the most important subjects in philosophythat John Cottingham in “on the meaning of life” discusses this. Thequestion of the meaning of life is important in his view because justhuman being asks “what is the meaning of life” because of his certainexistential situation. In Cottingham’s view, the characteristics of themeaning of life are profundity or seriousness, achievement, selfawarenessand autonomy, moral life i.e. moral objective values, successand theism or religious life. Cottingham holds that moral life cansatisfy human needs and flourish his talents. But our human nature ispurely result of genetic mutation in simply human view. Thereforemoral judgments do not have objective value because they depend onthis nature. Moreover, human being would not be successful in hisprojects and activities because of his vulnerable and fragile nature. Wecan reach conclusive reason for objective moral judgments and valuesand being hopeful for successful and meaningful life only if we rely onreligious and spiritual worldview which that benevolent god desires usto be moral. In Cottingham’s view, Understanding and acceptingreligious and spiritual worldview depends on exercising religiouspractices. in my humble opinion, Cottingham cannot explain howtheism support successful life because he does not use the concept oflife after death. Manuscript profile

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8 - The role of municipalities in promoting ethical citizenship (municipality 17Thran(
مهدیه Odarkhani سیدرضا Salehiamiri مهدی PoorGhasem

Introduction and research purpose: the present research was drawn up in five chapters under title of “role of municipality in the promotion of citizenship morality”. The most important issues which should be followed is this question: the municipality plans More

Introduction and research purpose: the present research was drawn up in five chapters under title of “role of municipality in the promotion of citizenship morality”. The most important issues which should be followed is this question: the municipality plans including (training, services, advertising, information and management methods) and its execution in the various regions and Tehran districts to what extent are effective in promotion of the level of the citizens morality? The factor of citizenship morality is given from the various items including (civil laws, tradition and religious factors).   For achieving these purposes and questions we fulfilled to identify the meaning of the citizenship morality in Iran and in the world and study of the theoretical principles research and we expressed ideas and the points of view of the scientists of the Different historical periods and the different doctrines.  Method: In order to execution of the research it has considered four hypotheses by using of field methods and questionnaire technique with 45 questions which is distributed among 384 persons in Tehran in municipality of District 17. Results:More than half of the people, who were studied on them, mentioned their satisfaction from municipality plans. The range of satisfaction from municipality educational planning is 66.5% which has the most range of satisfaction among the others planning; service methods 66.3% ; advertising methods and information 56.4%; management methods 59.9%.  Conclusion: These municipality planning promote the functions and effectiveness of the municipality and citizenship morality. In municipality of District 17, in men’s opinion the educational, advertising and management planning is more effective in compare with women’s opinion and in contrast, in women’s opinion the service methods is more effective in compare with men’s opinion.  Finally with the proposition of presentation of comprehensive prove for promotion of citizen morality and according to the various opinions and presented theories in the form of induction of citizenship morality a comprehensive plan shall be required. Manuscript profile

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9 - The Function of Servitude on Social Ethics and the Environment from the Perspective of Islamic Sufism
masoud shavarani

10.30495/jrs.2022.20787

Providing ethical patterns and solutions in relation to improving the human-human relationship as well as the human-environmental relationship is very important today. The concept of servitude (ʿubūdiyya) is one of the important religious concepts in Islam and especiall More

Providing ethical patterns and solutions in relation to improving the human-human relationship as well as the human-environmental relationship is very important today. The concept of servitude (ʿubūdiyya) is one of the important religious concepts in Islam and especially in Islamic mysticism and Sufism. The purpose of this study is to draw a pattern of the ethics of practical altruism and environmental protection, considering the ancient, rich and valuable heritage of Islamic Sufism. In the books of Islamic mysticism, conditions and principles have been mentioned for the concept of serving God, and acting, behaving and observing them leads to the emergence of proper moral behavior towards man and nature. This research has been done by library method and the description and analysis of the collected data show that the essential principles of the character of servitude from the perspective of Islamic mysticism include: modesty (tawāḍuʿ), poverty (faqr), service (ḵidma) and beneficence (ʾiḥsān). The results of this study show that modesty leads to better human interaction with humans and other creatures and prevents arrogance and domineering behavior, and belief in poverty and homelessness leads to greater human contentment and less greed to own and use environmental resources, and the principle of beneficence leads to service and help to man and nature. Manuscript profile

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10 - Religion, morality and Environment
Seyed Abdol Hossein Nabavi Marziyeh Shahryari

The environmental ethics based on the concept of theistic explanation could be a more comprehensiveapproach, providing the human interaction with the natural environment. In many verses of the Qur'an(ayah 185 Sura A'raf, verse 101 Anaam, ayah 54 of Sura A'raf, ayah 4 Su More

The environmental ethics based on the concept of theistic explanation could be a more comprehensiveapproach, providing the human interaction with the natural environment. In many verses of the Qur'an(ayah 185 Sura A'raf, verse 101 Anaam, ayah 54 of Sura A'raf, ayah 4 Sura Sajda and ayah 45 SuraNoor) is introduced, in which God is the only creator. Thus, the concept of the unity of man andnature, which is necessary for the protection of the environment in a more comprehensive frameworkdrawn.The environmental crisis has worsened to the extent that humans and other living beings on theplanet is endangered So that the representation theory of environmental ethics proper, necessary andobtain protection of the environment is considered.Using survey data from a questionnaire survey technique, the sample includ 400, the citizens of thisstudy with stratified random sampling was done. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and tests ofsignificance were used.The research results show that, significant positive correlation between self-responsibility,environmental ethics, religious values and variable reduction and environmental protection there.The results showed that feelings of responsibility, ethics, social and religious values on theenvironment and behavior affect the environment. Manuscript profile

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11 - Commons viewpoints in Saʼdi and Montherlants works
Gohar Ranjbar Mahvash Ghavimi Soheila Saeedi

Montherlant, writer in France, quests his inspiration resources in eastern texts. He shows his adoration to Saʼdi and indicates his mental and spiritual evolutions according to his. There are so many common themes in these two authors the most significant of whose is es More

Montherlant, writer in France, quests his inspiration resources in eastern texts. He shows his adoration to Saʼdi and indicates his mental and spiritual evolutions according to his. There are so many common themes in these two authors the most significant of whose is eschewing absolutism. Besides, we confront other common points while studying their moral teachings. That¢s because of their mutual conception of morality as a wisdom-originated phenomenon and observing its goal in applying blessings of life. Manuscript profile

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12 - Filicide in the Stories of “Rostam and Sohrab” and “Ibrahim and Ismail”
Hassan Shahabi Marzieh Kouchaki

The present article examines the story of Rostam and Sohrab by Abolghasem Ferdowsi, 4th century Persian poet, and the story of Ibrahim and Ismail in the Quranic tradition. This paper aims firstly to reveal the thematic connectionof the concept of sacrifice and filicide More

The present article examines the story of Rostam and Sohrab by Abolghasem Ferdowsi, 4th century Persian poet, and the story of Ibrahim and Ismail in the Quranic tradition. This paper aims firstly to reveal the thematic connectionof the concept of sacrifice and filicide as performed and committed bythe protagonists of these two works, namely, Rostam and Ibrahim; and secondly to explore the resulting ethical dilemmas in the light of Emmanuel Levinas's notion of responsibility, as such attempting to depict whether filicide is justifiable in the realm of ethics. Thus, the article attempts to show how filicide despite being immoral is considered as amoralct under specific circumstances.   Manuscript profile

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13 - Filicide in the Stories of “Rostam and Sohrab” and “Ibrahim and Ismail”
Asghar Moulavi Nafchi Hossein Shamsabadi

The present article examines the story of Rostam and Sohrab by Abolghasem Ferdowsi, 4th century Persian poet, and the story of Ibrahim and Ismail in the Quranic tradition. This paper aims firstly to reveal the thematic connectionof the concept of sacrifice and filicide More

The present article examines the story of Rostam and Sohrab by Abolghasem Ferdowsi, 4th century Persian poet, and the story of Ibrahim and Ismail in the Quranic tradition. This paper aims firstly to reveal the thematic connectionof the concept of sacrifice and filicide as performed and committed bythe protagonists of these two works, namely, Rostam and Ibrahim; and secondly to explore the resulting ethical dilemmas in the light of Emmanuel Levinas's notion of responsibility, as such attempting to depict whether filicide is justifiable in the realm of ethics. Thus, the article attempts to show how filicide despite being immoral is considered as amoralct under specific circumstances.   Manuscript profile

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14 - Proteins in the Qoran & tradition
Abdol Majid Taleb Tash Masoome Davoodi

The great Qoran has greatly attempted about the bodily aspect of human which is the place and host of a holy spirit from the unique creator. So that there are more than 300 verses about food and nutrition, directly or indirectly. Because to be physically and mentally he More

The great Qoran has greatly attempted about the bodily aspect of human which is the place and host of a holy spirit from the unique creator. So that there are more than 300 verses about food and nutrition, directly or indirectly. Because to be physically and mentally healthy is undoubtedly essential to achieve human perfection and the kind offood and nutrition has the main role to fulfill this. The prophet ofIslam (p .f. h) considers the stomach as the source of any diseases and blames food and nutrition for any diseases .He considers being thrifty in eating as the best cure. In general there are many verses and traditions about this subject that we can prevent physical. mental and moral diseases by using them ..  Manuscript profile

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15 - "The function of science in explaining the semantic multitude ofthe science of the Quran’s aspects"
Azam Parcham Parvin Fanaee

The mean sing of the Qur'an’s aspects is not their lexical meaning but their practical meaning.Words in the Quranic context are used as different examples of real, virtual, allegoric and irony meanings and also in the form of shared verbal and seman More

The mean sing of the Qur'an’s aspects is not their lexical meaning but their practical meaning.Words in the Quranic context are used as different examples of real, virtual, allegoric and irony meanings and also in the form of shared verbal and semantic way. This kind of applications exists in the science of aspects. But none of the sources of the existing references has dealt with explaining the meanings and the examples of the words and the kind of their connotations.This paper seeks to explain the words “cruelty and immorality and rebellion” in some verses. Manuscript profile

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16 - The reason of cultural deterioration from Qoranic view point
Mahdi Momtahen Akhtar Soltani Mehrdad Ali Moradian

TQoran.the miracle of prophet Mohammad (PBLH) and muslirn.s heavenly book was decended to guide hurnam.The purpose ofthis decent according Qoran interpretation is transferring humans from darkness to light.Therfore guidance and happiness of human will be clone by recogn More

TQoran.the miracle of prophet Mohammad (PBLH) and muslirn.s heavenly book was decended to guide hurnam.The purpose ofthis decent according Qoran interpretation is transferring humans from darkness to light.Therfore guidance and happiness of human will be clone by recognizing and performing Quran’s words.Qoran is a book that speaks about all human.s dignities. Origin and resurrection day, creation. Culture and cultural subjects. Referring to this great divine book in all fields is a need specially in the field of cultural subjects and exaltation factors and cultural deterioration. This prophesy document eternal of the prophet Mohammad (PBUH) could be effective in Hunan’s life on individual and social morality provided that each Muslim follows it and grasps cultural exaltation lessons and recognizes the factors of cultural devaluation and apply them to exaltation and evolution the unique Islamic nation.  Manuscript profile

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17 - Conceptual Challenge of Public Order in Iran’s Criminal Law; Strategies and Effects
Seyed Doraid Mousavi Mojab

Public order is a fundamental, current and challengeable concept in criminal law. It’s widely used in procedural and substantive criminal law of Iran, but its’ concept is not clear. Criminalization in field of disorder, Failure to specify the conditions for More

Public order is a fundamental, current and challengeable concept in criminal law. It’s widely used in procedural and substantive criminal law of Iran, but its’ concept is not clear. Criminalization in field of disorder, Failure to specify the conditions for its occurrence in Act and lack of objective criteria and use of personal criteria, are considered as serious threat against rights and freedoms of citizens and they affect the principle of Transparency and Legality of Crime and Punishment in an undesirable way. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way, explores the legal and judicial Challenges of public order in Iran’s criminal law with regard to strategies and effects, using library resources. It is attempted to investigate and criticize the legislator's approach in this regard. Manuscript profile

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18 - A Research about the Position of Felicity in Plato’s Moral and Political School
Hamidreza Moameri Khodayar Mortazavi

10.22034/sej.2021.1923542.1301

The purpose of the present study is to explain Plato’s perspective to the world of living and life, as this philosopher relying on some fixed principles, speaks about the purpose of life and in his master’s words, introduces human felicity as Ghayat al-Ghaya More

The purpose of the present study is to explain Plato’s perspective to the world of living and life, as this philosopher relying on some fixed principles, speaks about the purpose of life and in his master’s words, introduces human felicity as Ghayat al-Ghayat (the goal of goals). The main research question is if there is a relationship between Plato’s political and moral ideology and what is their commonality? The method of this research is interpretive-analytical and the results showed that as there is a deep relationship between morality and politics in classic political philosophy, felicity especially in the classic theological morality, interrelates politics and morality together. Manuscript profile

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19 - Rostam is protagonist of pragmatists or antagonist of idealists? (a case study from pragmatism viewpoint)
Seyedeh Maryam Mirhoseini Fatemeh Heydari

pragmatism is one of the recent philosophies in the world that concentrates on the components of human utopia and proposes consequentialist activism, or practical expediency. This philosophy has a different look at the topics as justice, law and morality. Ferdowsi's Sha More

pragmatism is one of the recent philosophies in the world that concentrates on the components of human utopia and proposes consequentialist activism, or practical expediency. This philosophy has a different look at the topics as justice, law and morality. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a heroic book and an exalted manifestation of the culture and behavior of a nation. Thus it can be of great interest to pragmatist theorists. The relations between utopia of Ferdowsi and pragmatism can be achieved by looking at mythologic community of Shahnameh and analyzing personality of Rostam and other heroes of Shahnameh in terms of these criteria. The authors of this article, in the first place introduce pragmatism and its theorists, then they compare the ideal society of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh with  pragmatic utopia.  The methodology of this article is a descriptive-analytic one and the material concerning pragmatism collected from translated texts. Meanwhile, looking at Rostam personality as a myth and representative of Iranians in Shahnameh reveals that the activities of Rostam and other heroes in Shahnameh were pragmatic and influential along their aims and their society. Manuscript profile

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20 - The Effect of Moral Reasoning, Exposure to Ethics and Perceived Ethical Climate on Auditors' Ethical Judgment
َAhmad Ahmadi Amin Rostami Saeedeh Heydarzadeh

10.30486/fbra.2022.1960943.1130

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ethical reasoning, exposure to ethics, and the perceived ethical climate on auditors' ethical judgment. The statistical population of this research includes the partners of audit institutions that are members of the More

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ethical reasoning, exposure to ethics, and the perceived ethical climate on auditors' ethical judgment. The statistical population of this research includes the partners of audit institutions that are members of the Certified Public Accountants Society (independent auditors working as partners), and to investigate the issue, 88 people were selected as a sample from among the members of the society using Cochran's formula. Structural equation modeling has been used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the hypothesis test showed that ethical reasoning, exposure to ethics, and the perceived ethical climate have a positive and significant effect on auditors' ethical judgment. Among the investigated factors, moral reasoning has the greatest impact, and the perceived moral atmosphere has the least effect on the ethical judgment of auditors. People can provide moral arguments according to their knowledge of moral principles and processes. On the other hand, the development of ethics as well as how to teach it can help auditors make ethical decisions when choosing different options. Also, the more ethically auditors perceive their organization's atmosphere, the more ethically they act in applying professional judgments. By examining ethical orientation as an imperative element of judgment and decision-making in the auditor's profession, this research can contribute to expanding the theoretical foundations of behavioral research in auditing as well as provide useful information for auditing policymakers to formulate auditing strategies based on. Manuscript profile

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21 - The explatidn of poverty from The view of Islamik mystics*
Masood Sepahvandi fatemeh taghizadeh

According to Aboonasr Seraj, who is the fourth mystic, poverty is just to pay attention to Allah and to confess the neediness to him. Poverty has som ranks. They are contentement, Piety, Spiritual reward, and Vacation of heart from ambition, and morality of attributes. More

According to Aboonasr Seraj, who is the fourth mystic, poverty is just to pay attention to Allah and to confess the neediness to him. Poverty has som ranks. They are contentement, Piety, Spiritual reward, and Vacation of heart from ambition, and morality of attributes. the last and highest rank is that the mystic Sees himself as a way for the influence the order of Allah, and he Satisfies with what Allah Prescribes for him.Therefor, this explanation of poverty Shows he can be wealthy, but he doesn’t have relish for it, So he is poor.   Manuscript profile

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22 - The Study of Ibn Arabi's and Mulla Sadra's Viewpoints about Perfect Man, with an Emphasis on the role of guidance
Abbas Bakhshandeh Bali Hassan Ibrahimi

Perfect human of Ibn Arabi that was later noted by Mulla Sadra is ascending toward God, leaving human beings and animals behind by his journey toward God and turning into Caliphate of God. Some Sufis were limited to the same level but IbnArabi and MullaSadra went beyond More

Perfect human of Ibn Arabi that was later noted by Mulla Sadra is ascending toward God, leaving human beings and animals behind by his journey toward God and turning into Caliphate of God. Some Sufis were limited to the same level but IbnArabi and MullaSadra went beyond that and considered “going through pathway of creatures” as a level of human excellence and perfection. This article, as a descriptive analysis, investigates Ibn Arabi's and Mulla Sadra's point of view about one of the most important secular role of the perfect human as other people's guidance. Such a man, as a mediator between God and the creation, tries to guide other people to the path of perfection. Each of Ibn Arabi and Mulla Sadra pointed out to this important issue by citing the religious essentials. Even Ibn Arabi who knows himself as terminator of Velayah, as well as Mulla Sadra, considered this importance and were not indifferent to human perfection and guidance. Manuscript profile

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23 - The function of allegory in conveying concepts based on wisdom and advice in children's stories of the eighties
Somayeh Rasooli Seyed Ahmad i Hosseini Kazerun seyedmahmood seyedsadegi seyedgafar hamidi

Allegory has a special place in literature, especially in children's literature. But in the allegory, the characters of the story do not play a role in their place; Rather, each character represents a certain stratum in society or a certain individual. In allegorical st More

Allegory has a special place in literature, especially in children's literature. But in the allegory, the characters of the story do not play a role in their place; Rather, each character represents a certain stratum in society or a certain individual. In allegorical stories, an instructive and instructive point is stated by using the language of an example, and in this way, the audience does not feel that they are being directly addressed and admonished from a higher or even equal position. and in addition, the concepts intended by the author are better understood by the audience. This method is very practical and effective, especially in the case of children's and adolescent literature. Children communicate better with allegorical stories, especially fables, and the concepts become understandable and enjoyable for them. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and using library tools, the function of allegory in a number of children's stories of the 80s has been explored to convey the concepts of wisdom and advice, and each work is considered to be allegorical or not from the point of view of how the story is processed. And the inclusion of legal, moral, spiritual or social instructions and points has been examined. The result of the research shows that the use of all kinds of allegory, especially the fable type, can lead to the creation of an educational work based on advice and wisdom, and the use of allegory creates an enjoyable and entertaining atmosphere in the story. Manuscript profile

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24 - A Comparative Study of Greed in The Holy Quran and Rumis Masnavi
Mahnaz Hasani hamidabadi Mehr Ali Yazdanpanah

No doubt that morality is one of the most fundmental topics in social and personal life of every nation. In islam after monotheism nothing has been efforted like morality because of this ethical issues in Persian literature and poetry had a great reflection especially o More

No doubt that morality is one of the most fundmental topics in social and personal life of every nation. In islam after monotheism nothing has been efforted like morality because of this ethical issues in Persian literature and poetry had a great reflection especially onrumis poems. Negative and destructive effects and also positive effects of inherent trait of greed in humans life is undeniable for this sake it has a high position in holy quran and masnavi. This paper has sought to study comparatively the meaning of greed. Its frequency different kinds of nation results and solutions for it in holy quran and masnaviwidly and whit influence of holy quran the verses related to greed and it refered to valuable aspects which extermly needed nowadays by our community. In their views, greed has two aspects: negative and positive. The most important negative effects of it includes ,blinding and deafening, depriving from mystical knowledge, depriving fromlords mercy, production of sorrow. useless suffering and unacceptance of praying…. Manuscript profile

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25 - Investigating the effect of financial literacy on the financial behavior of secondary school students with the mediating role of emotional quotient and moral values
Seyed Jamaladdin Tabatabaei Mazrano محمود معین الدین Akram Taftiyan

Background and Purpose: This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of financial literacy on the financial behavior of second year high school students, taking into account the mediating role of emotional and moral quotient in the period from More

Background and Purpose: This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of financial literacy on the financial behavior of second year high school students, taking into account the mediating role of emotional and moral quotient in the period from October 1402 to December 1402. Methodology: Library sources, articles, and books were used to collect information in the field of theoretical foundations and literature. Collecting data and information for analysis is done by field method and the method of data analysis is inferential type. In order to test the hypotheses of the research, the structural equation modeling (SEM) system was estimated with the approach of the partial least squares method and the use of Smart PLS software. Findings: The results of the research hypotheses test show that financial literacy has an effect on the financial behavior of second year high school students. Financial literacy affects students' financial behavior through the emotional factor. Also, financial literacy has an effect on students' financial behavior through emotional and moral coefficients. Discussion: The higher the level of financial literacy a person has, the more his personal beliefs and values overshadow him and influence his decisions to carry out or not carry out financial activities. Also, emotional intelligence can improve a person's power in strengthening, acquiring and applying financial literacy and its role in financial decisions and behaviors. In addition, paying attention to moral values along with strengthening financial literacy makes students perform beliefs. Manuscript profile

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26 - Meta-synthesis of factors that affect adults’ ethical decision making to identify the role creative morality plays in it
Mostafa Rastgar Agah Jalil Younesi Ali Delavar Peyman Hassani Abharian Ahmad Borjali

Objective: This study was conducted in order to identify the factors contributing to the ethical decision-making of adults, and to understand the role that creative morality plays in it. Method: To identify the factors affecting the moral decision-making of adults, a me More

Objective: This study was conducted in order to identify the factors contributing to the ethical decision-making of adults, and to understand the role that creative morality plays in it. Method: To identify the factors affecting the moral decision-making of adults, a meta-synthesis of scientific researches in the field of ethical decision-making was performed. The articles used in this meta-synthesis were published in the 1990s in Iran. Actually, fifty-four articles were used in this meta-synthesis, all of which were published in scientific journals. Findings: The result of this meta-synthesis shows the following seven factors to be the main influences on adults’ ethical decision making: one’s external environment, attitude, personality traits, learning abilities, mental and cognitive capabilities, demographic characteristics, and the specific conditions/circumstances of the moral issue at hand. Conclusion: four of these factors, namely one’s environment, attitude, learning abilities, and the circumstances surrounding the moral issue signify the central role that creativity plays in moral decision making; through/using which a solution to various moral dilemmas could be found/through which a general scheme for solving ethical dilemmas can be devised. Manuscript profile

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27 - The Obligation Basis in Contract Law
Omid Gholamalitabar Firozjaei Jalil Qanavati

10.22034/ijrj.2019.666903

In the legal interactions of humans, a contract is made and the people obligate themselves to this contract and the decree is prohibited and deserves compensation, and due to this contract, a person committed for doing something and on the other hand, these obligations More

In the legal interactions of humans, a contract is made and the people obligate themselves to this contract and the decree is prohibited and deserves compensation, and due to this contract, a person committed for doing something and on the other hand, these obligations have compelling powers that are crystallized in the form of its implementation and are distinguished from ethical promises. Where does the source of obligation come from? In responding to this question, many ideas were raised that each of the opinions has many followers, including the rule of will, constraint, law, justice etc. and among them, the advocates of this theory which emphasize on intention, make the will only the source of the obligation to contract. But it does not seem that the only will of the person who usually seeks to attract personal interests is effective in this obligation and commitment, but along with this individual will, one has to pay attention to the role of the collective will of humans seeking to attract the interests of the people, and finally it is acknowledged. Manuscript profile

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28 - Studying Islamic Jurisprudence and Legal Factors Influenced by Morality in Marriage and Divorce
Behnam Ghanbarpour

10.22034/ijrj.2019.666904

Family rights base upon moral values. The effect of moral factors in this emotional community is a matter of fact. The correlation between legal regulations and moral principles is a main characteristic of Islamic law; hence approved and disapproved things in Islamic Ju More

Family rights base upon moral values. The effect of moral factors in this emotional community is a matter of fact. The correlation between legal regulations and moral principles is a main characteristic of Islamic law; hence approved and disapproved things in Islamic Jurisprudence point to moral concepts. The present paper aims at investigating and adapting moral factors affecting marriage and divorce and tries to employ descriptive and analytic methods to answer   this question: Did legislators consider moral principles in family rights? The author emphasizes that since marriage and divorce rules are influenced by Quran culture, the influence of moral lessons is undoubtedly unavoidable in this area. Factors such as the responsibility of wife and husband to behave well, forgiveness, marriage portion due payment, commitment to justice among wives, moral principles of divorce, custodial, expenditures of wife and her relatives are all legal elements smoothened by moral principles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Investigating the Components of Nothingness in Contrast with Didactic Politeness in Poetry of Nosrat Rahmani, Freydoon Moshiri and Nader Naderpour
Abdolkarim Karimi Farzane Sorkhi Feridoon Tahmasebi Behzad Khajat

In the literary institution of contemporary poetry, with the break from classical literature and socio-cultural changes in intellectual style, the themes of nothingness grew, this issue expanded with the social and political developments of the society, and especially i More

In the literary institution of contemporary poetry, with the break from classical literature and socio-cultural changes in intellectual style, the themes of nothingness grew, this issue expanded with the social and political developments of the society, and especially in the 1930s after the coup, it became one of the main motifs of poetry. Some poets only cared about worldly life and turned to nihilism in the dead ends of personal and social life and wrote poetry in opposition to morality. In this article, the contrast that can be seen in the poetry of poets on this subject has been examined. The method of studying and reviewing sources is library. Samples of poetry from three contemporary poets: Freydoon Moshiri, Nosrat Rahmani and Nader Naderpour have been selected. The results of the survey show that poets at a period of their life history, especially in the 1930s, when the society is involved in the tensions resulting from the August 28 coup, turned to the ideas of nothingness and rejected the morals of the society. Atheism, tendency to despair and death thoughts in life, hedonism and eroticism, going to pubs and getting drunk, love for opium, are the most important components of nihilism in opposition to the moral teaching poetry that can be seen in their poems. In comparison, Nosrat Rahmani's poem is excellent in this motif. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Morality and Politics from Critical Theory Point of View
Jamil Hassan poor Manoochehr Dehyadegari

Throughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debat More

Throughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debated and controversial issues in our hectic era. Science and technology have triumphed over all different aspects of mankind. Consequently the major principles of spirituality and morality are greatly influenced by mundane, terrestrial upheavals. Technology and Modernity which is highly known as communication and information epoch had eliminated political borders and consequestly it had exposed all nations, peoples and countries, to a sort of cultural attack which can lead to culture trauma, the offspring can be viewed as a crisis as well as a change in decriminalizing legalizing politics in the century. The notion of "criticism" is a metaphor for pathology which aims at criticizing the modernity, known as a phenomenon devoid of moralities. This concept sides up with a guide for human's action The ultimate goal is to restore, resurrect its actual benefits and views. Scholars like "Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse ,Habermas, Hana Ahrenet Eric From" are well known founders of the Theory in the th century. They made an attempt to criticize positivist human Sciences. The aim of this essay is to study the role of morality and polities and their relationship from the point of view of the critical theory. It also criticizes modernity, a phenomenon that has emerged as a cosequence of scientific transformations. In this research, the co-relational method in used. The major question asked is about the relationship between morality and polities from the point of view of the critical theory. In general, it is concluded that there is consensus among theorists of critical theory concerning the interaction between morality and polities, believing that brutalities and disasters are direct consequences of separation of morality and politics. In the view of critical theorists, it seems that modernism on the one hand, has brought alout development and prosperity, but on the other hand has considered instrumental rationality as the source of most misfortunes causing distraction of morality and constraining individual freedom in politics. Manuscript profile

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31 - The study of Naser Khosrow’s ethical guidelines based on Maslow's hierarchy
Ahmad Amiri Khorasani Mohammad Reza Sarfi Mohammad Hossein Iran Manesh

Observing ethical guidelines is sometimes in contrast with immediate pleasures and people’s personal interests; it weakens adherence to these guidelines. This research was carried out to seek a solution used by Naser Khosrow, for his advice, to solve this problem. More

Observing ethical guidelines is sometimes in contrast with immediate pleasures and people’s personal interests; it weakens adherence to these guidelines. This research was carried out to seek a solution used by Naser Khosrow, for his advice, to solve this problem. What was found out was that by expressing ethical performance in meeting human needs, he created necessary executive guarantee for ethical recall. This idea has made transcendental morality more terrestrial and applicable and has created a strong incentive to move towards it. His method will be effective and efficient forever, because of inseparable links of morality and man`s innate needs. This library research was carried out by taking notes of different evidence from Naser Khosrow Diwan and by classifying them based on “Maslow's hierarchy”, which is one of the most famous and applicable theories in psychology. This research proved the above issue and revealed logic, reasoning, and impact of his poetry in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Moral criticism of Tohfa book (8th century Hijri) based on the school of moral utilitarianism
Asieh Zabihnia Ahmadreza Yalameha

10.30495/pars.2023.707731

The present study deals with the moral criticism of the Book of Tohfa (8th century Hijri) based on the school of moral utilitarianism. Tohfa has ten chapters and several allegorical and historical stories mixed with prose and poetry. The author of the book is unknown, b More

The present study deals with the moral criticism of the Book of Tohfa (8th century Hijri) based on the school of moral utilitarianism. Tohfa has ten chapters and several allegorical and historical stories mixed with prose and poetry. The author of the book is unknown, but it is likely that its author is Mirza Sharafuddin Fadlullah Ibn Abdullah Qazwini (around 640-740). Tohfa is an educational work in cities politics that can be analyzed based on moral theories. One of these schools is moral utilitarianism. Utilitarianism believes in a normative moral system that considers the originality of pleasure as the criterion of the moral character of an action. From the point of view of this school, values deserve to be preserved and promoted as long as they can be interpreted and translated into the interests of individual well-being and collective pleasure, but the benefit of the individual is always preferred over that of the public. The present study, by using a descriptive-analytical method, tries to answer the question of which type of moral utilitarianism has a high frequency in Tohfa? Findings indicate that the most moral benefit considered in this literary text is the collective benefit and the interests of the public. The author of Tohfa, under the influence of Islamic moral teachings, conveys direct and indirect recommendations to the readers in more than 55 anecdotes and allegories which have religious and educational values in addition to creating literary pleasure for the audience. Manuscript profile

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33 - Doctorines of Didactic literature in Hakim Gha’ani’s book (Parsihan)
abdolali Ovaici Hosein Sadeghi

Hakim Mirza Habib Shirazi, also known as Gha’ani, is one of the greatest writers and elocutionists of the 13th A.H. century. Apart from his poems, he has also written some books. One of his books; namely, Parishan, is written didactically to teach behavioral and m More

Hakim Mirza Habib Shirazi, also known as Gha’ani, is one of the greatest writers and elocutionists of the 13th A.H. century. Apart from his poems, he has also written some books. One of his books; namely, Parishan, is written didactically to teach behavioral and moral issues. If we look at Parishan book didactically, we see a treasure full of mysticism, as well as moral and behavioral facts which can be guidelines for humans’ scientific and practical lives. The present research is a study of the dual semantic structures of the stories and advices of the book based on an analytic-descriptive method. Good and bad behavioral and moral attributes reveal Hakim Gha’ani’s teachings and their frequencies. Among these attributes, it will open a window into the lives of the people of Hakim Gha’ani and watch the society of that time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Explaining the gap between politics and ethics by examining advice in the story of the lion and the cow in Kalileh Dimna based on Machiavelli's theory
قدسیه رضوانیان عفت سادات غفوری

Kalileh Dimnahasreflected moral and educational trends of our literature. This book contains both moral teachings and political doctrines. In order to achieve this, it benefits from inspirational effect of stories which demonstrated through anecdotes. Since admonition d More

Kalileh Dimnahasreflected moral and educational trends of our literature. This book contains both moral teachings and political doctrines. In order to achieve this, it benefits from inspirational effect of stories which demonstrated through anecdotes. Since admonition discourse; in the traditional approach for education, especially moral education is dominant discourse, this study attempts to explore this aspect of didactic literature. Therefore, the main goal of this study is  to answer this question, that is, Does  the aim of advising from the language of story characters are  morals in all cases or sometimes it is political?  By examining advices in the story of cow and lion we understand that Demneh is trying to gain power. He believes in demoralizing in policy, as a result there are a lot of similarities between the ideas of Machiavelli and didactic content in this story.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Morals in Amir Khosrow Dehlavi's Matla-ol-Anvar
mahin panahi

This article tries to answer this question "with regard to the fact that that the couplet Matla-ol-Anvar is the book of mysticism, research and didactic, which components of moral elements have been used in it?" In order to answer this question, first these moral elemen More

This article tries to answer this question "with regard to the fact that that the couplet Matla-ol-Anvar is the book of mysticism, research and didactic, which components of moral elements have been used in it?" In order to answer this question, first these moral elements were extracted from the text and moral excellences which are called Maqamat and the spiritual manners which are called Ahval were separated. Therefore, this article deals with individual and social behaviors considering Amir Khosrow Dihlavi’s criticism of factitious Sufis. Results show that Amir Khosrow in Matla-ol-Anvar, considering mystical morality, has invited the reader to moral individual manners such as self analysis, knowing God, purity, hermit, solitude, research, following preceptor and contentment. In moral manners (not too subtly separating individual and social moralities) he has dealt with generosity, beneficence, trusteeship, respecting parents, preserving limbs from sins and violence toward people, friendship etiquette, etc. Entirely one can visualize morality in Matla-ol-Anvar as practical. Manuscript profile

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36 - Investigating the Moral Philosophy in Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh Based on the Theory of Divine Command
Hajar Amiri Kolahjoobi Isa Najafi khalil Baygzade

10.30495/pars.2022.689399

The theory of divine command is one of the ancient theories of the moral philosophy and the discussion of the relation between ethics and religion. Its history goes back to the debate between Socrates and Oti fern. In the present age, the crisis of spirituality, moralit More

The theory of divine command is one of the ancient theories of the moral philosophy and the discussion of the relation between ethics and religion. Its history goes back to the debate between Socrates and Oti fern. In the present age, the crisis of spirituality, morality, human rights, as well as the issue of globalization and cultural transformation, and the challenge of the identity of the nations are the dominant discourses and and concerns of human beings. Therefore, religion and morality have received much more attention once again. As a result, serious attention is once again paid to religion and ethics, and the need to pay attention to indigenous theories that are compatible with the culture of society becomes important. Different interpretations of the theory of the divine order can be sought and studied in the opinions and thoughts of philosophers and thinkers of different eras. Therefore, this research uses the analytical-comparative method and relies upon library studies to analyze Ferdowsi's philosophical ideology in the field of religion and ethics, and to investigating its practical results in illustrating the status and rights of human being in his individual, social, political life, as well as to compare his thoughts with the interpretations of the theory of the divine order. In addition, the study compares Ferdowsi's thoughts with the interpretations of the theory of the Divine command. By introducing Ferdowsi as a great theorist in the areas of moral and political philosophy who has the view of divine wisdom and God-centered moral life, his thought could be considered as a new interpretation of the theory of the divine command.   Manuscript profile

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37 - Mathnavi, the ocean of educational and didactic virtues
MOHAMMAD Barani RASHID Golafshani

Molana’sMathnavi is a work in which mood; artistic talent, love, and confusion are expressed within the framework of education. In this work, in addition to the Islamic-mystic concepts and meanings some article are mentioned that show the ways of human purificatio More

Molana’sMathnavi is a work in which mood; artistic talent, love, and confusion are expressed within the framework of education. In this work, in addition to the Islamic-mystic concepts and meanings some article are mentioned that show the ways of human purification and the position of Allah caliph which the most important of them is good morality. The aim of Mollana is to teach how to arrive at human perfection. Didactic thinking of Molana makes his mystical moods quite different from others which introduce him as mystic, philosopher, and Islamic jurist. Molana with his mystical teachings teach a wayfarer that releasing from human temptations is among important mystical and moral points. Molana considers morality and mysticism as two related categories and believes that unless wayfarer obtains Allah morality he/she couldn't achieve the stages of the path of self-enlightment in Sufism and a true wayfarer unless purifies him from wrong actions he/she couldn’t attain perfection. In this article with emphasis on the analysis of Molana’s verses and analytical-descriptive method consider this important issue to remind the readers the education is the most important approaches in Molana’s work. Manuscript profile

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38 - Patience as a Great humane quality in didactic literature
ali akbar afrasiabpour

Moral qualities have been artistically taught in didactic literature. “Patience” is a typical humane quality and also a great human trait which has been dealt with in Persian poetic and prose literature in excellent forms and deep themes. Being patient to ac More

Moral qualities have been artistically taught in didactic literature. “Patience” is a typical humane quality and also a great human trait which has been dealt with in Persian poetic and prose literature in excellent forms and deep themes. Being patient to achieve a goal is a type of persistence and waiting for achieving that goal. It is a concept which has been posed in our religious teachings and has been paid attention in three levels: moral, religious and humanity by Persian literary eminent figures such as Ferdosi and Saadi and also philosophically by Khaje Nasireddin Tousi and others. It has also been mirrored in moral and mystical written works of literary figures such as Sanaei, Attar, Molavi, Ezoddin Kashani, Hafez and Jami with very meager differences. Here we aim at dealing with some of typical poetic and prose works which focused on this theme (patience) and clarify the point by studying examples of patience in mystical, didactic literary texts. Manuscript profile

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39 - The Place of Imagination in Moral trainings of Bahā Valad’s “Ma’arif”
fariba sharifimalamiri Maryam Bolouri shahrzad niazi

“Ma’arif”, a book written by Bahā Valad who is a famous mystic and preacher of Balkh and the father of Jalāl ad-Dīn Mollana, has a specific and valuable position in the Persian literature and among his peers and counterparts due to his eloquent, fluent More

“Ma’arif”, a book written by Bahā Valad who is a famous mystic and preacher of Balkh and the father of Jalāl ad-Dīn Mollana, has a specific and valuable position in the Persian literature and among his peers and counterparts due to his eloquent, fluent and artistic prose, and its poetic language and its imagination as well. Though the trainings of this book are divided into two parts, i.e. religious and educative, this paper does not intend to deal with and discuss the mystical trainings containing an otherworldly approach. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the educative and moral points of mysticism, and the elegant and imaginative aspects of such trainings. The results of this study show that the moral and educative points in “Ma’arif” are either imperative or disincentive which among them, the frequency of the imperative points are higher than the dissuasive ones. In addition, most of its imagery is dedicated to the simile and then the allegory. Besides, in the imperative parts, the trainings like avoidance from greed, pride, and bad companion are highly frequent while in the disincentive parts, advice to patience and having proper behavior to women are mostly used and repeated. Manuscript profile

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40 - Content analysis of Nafsat-al-Masdur
محمد حکیم آذر

The main subject of the present study is morality and moral issues in Nasavi’s Nafsat-al- Masdur. Attempts have been made to touch on moral themes and origins of theoretical aspects of moral-educational teachings of Zeydari Nasavi, and to recognise the writer&rsqu More

The main subject of the present study is morality and moral issues in Nasavi’s Nafsat-al- Masdur. Attempts have been made to touch on moral themes and origins of theoretical aspects of moral-educational teachings of Zeydari Nasavi, and to recognise the writer’s viewpoint towards issues such as justice, bravery, honesty, trusteeship, fear, hypocrisy, and lie. The relationship between Nasavi’s moral theory, which has quenched with The Qur’an and Islamic tradition like many other writers and his contemporary literary scholars, and the situation with which the writer is dealt the Mongolian invasion has been sought for in this study. The results show that Nasavi, in reporting his own personal affairs has functioned as a reporter of historic events at the Mongolian era unintentionally and has evolved the literary type of autobiography from a personal level to the human level. He has mourned for the death of virtue and praised for those little shades of good deeds by a few of his contemporaries. Manuscript profile

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41 - Ethical Examples and Themes in Faraedel al-Suluk
Khadije Sadat Tabatabaee Davood Mohammadi

10.30495/pars.2023.703146

Moral thoughts in Persian poetry and prose draw on religious culture and education, and the existence of these thoughts has given Persian literature a special richness. Faraedel al Soluk is one of the valuable works of the seventh century AH that is full of educational More

Moral thoughts in Persian poetry and prose draw on religious culture and education, and the existence of these thoughts has given Persian literature a special richness. Faraedel al Soluk is one of the valuable works of the seventh century AH that is full of educational teachings and contains a treasure trove of knowledge, virtues, and wisdom. In this study, an inductive method has been used to examine texts that explicitly or indirectly imply moral themes, and using the content analysis method, the relevant words and phrases have been described. Therefore, the most important question in this study is: "In the book Faraedel Al Soluk by Sajasi, which moral and educational teachings are recommended and from which moral vices are forbidden?" For this purpose, Faraedel Al Soluk by Shams Sajasi was chosen as the axis of work and appropriate moral examples were extracted from this book in line with the topic. The results of the study indicate that Sajasi, in his book, in addition to providing literary pleasure for the audience, uses every opportunity to convey his educational thoughts to the audience and, under the influence of the moral teachings of the Islamic religion, directly or indirectly, through the narration of appropriate stories or parables, leads the reader towards the manifestation of moral virtues and by explaining the consequences of moral vices, makes them undesirable in his eyes and tries to guide people on the right path of life." Faraedel Al Soluk, Shams Sajasi; Morality; Moral Virtues; Moral vices Manuscript profile

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42 - Examining the Concept of Murābatah in the Qur'an Based on Tafāsīr al-Mīzān and al-Taḥrīr va al-Tanwīr
Abdolrasool Shabani Ahmadreza Basij Mohammad Hossein Ghasem Peyvandi

The research examines this important issue in a comparative and descriptive-analytical way from the perspective of two contemporary commentators; Allameh Tabataba'i has criticized it in al-Mīzān fi Tafsīr al-Qur'an and Sheikh ibn Āshur in al-Taḥrīr va al-Tanwīr. Accordi More

The research examines this important issue in a comparative and descriptive-analytical way from the perspective of two contemporary commentators; Allameh Tabataba'i has criticized it in al-Mīzān fi Tafsīr al-Qur'an and Sheikh ibn Āshur in al-Taḥrīr va al-Tanwīr. According to Ibn Ashur, Murābatah means maintaining military readiness in the borders of the Islamic country; While according to Allameh Tabatabai's social reading, mutuality means the relationship of all people in all aspects of social life. The basic question is that, taking into account the co-occurrence of words and also examining the meanings of the chapter of Mufāʿalah in verse 200 of Surah Al-Imran, what is the precise explanation of the concept of Murābatah? By comparative analysis, the mention of the interpretive narrative of waiting for prayer after prayer has been obtained as a common point of opinion of both commentators. On the other hand, as a point of difference, Allameh's social analysis about Islamic relations, which means the connection of all people in social actions, is against Ibn Ashur's opinion, which means maintaining the borders of the Islamic country. The result is that considering the application of connections in the verse and considering the meanings of the chapter on interaction, none of the mentioned views are beyond the limit of determining the example and the connections indicate the continuous participation. Manuscript profile

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43 - ) Promoting community change: making it happen in
Ali Fallahi Majid Kaffashi Behrang Sedighi

social development is a concept recently taken seriously by سیاستگزاران and especially urban managers. this study wasconducted to investigate the concept of social d More

social development is a concept recently taken seriously by سیاستگزاران and especially urban managers. this study wasconducted to investigate the concept of social development and recognition of its indicators and the level of reliability andvalidity of its reliability and validity. the method of conducting research in the study section was the concept of socialdevelopment of documentary type and in the assessment section the validity and reliability of the tool is a survey type.statistical population is the study of all citizens living in tehran city. sampling sampling method is multi - step cluster. thisresearch is applicable in terms of the purpose of the application. The sample size consists of 384 people whose figure isdetermined according to the Morgan table. In order to reduce the error , the rate increased. according to the findings in the documentary review section, the most important indices of social development ( quality of life, social consensus, socialdevelopment ethics and social security ) are. the research data were questionnaire and questionnaire based on 120 گویه andquestionnaire. modeling and making the tool used to examine the validity and validity of the tool was used by spss andlisrel software. the findings show that social security indicators, وفاق and social cohesion, quality of life and socialdevelopment are more than 70 percent of the variance variable of social development. also , the level of socialdevelopment in tehran is close to median Manuscript profile

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44 - Moulana’s spirituality in Contemporary Era
Azarmidokht Safavi

The purpose of this article is to point out moral and spiritual foundations which were drawn from the words of Moulanapresent whether in Masnavi, Ghazaliat orFihe ma fih in order to demonstrate that in the midst of crisis and unrest of the present world how these rich m More

The purpose of this article is to point out moral and spiritual foundations which were drawn from the words of Moulanapresent whether in Masnavi, Ghazaliat orFihe ma fih in order to demonstrate that in the midst of crisis and unrest of the present world how these rich moral principles can be illuminating and soothing, to the contemporaryanguished man. Empathy, kindness towards people, aversion to injustice, liberality, and indulgence are characteristics selected among other grand thoughts of Moulana and emphasized by the author. lass=Style10ptFirstline1cmLinespacingExactly17pt>The main focus of this article is the great service made by Hosam al-Din to Persian literature and Iranians.  His pivotal role and influence in composition of Masnavi is further exemplified by bringing evidence from Masnavi.   Manuscript profile

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45 - Mowlana’s Masnavi
Iraj Shahbazi

Act alongside solemn belief and verbal acknowledgement constitutes one of the three pillars of Religiosity and in fact without it the spiritual path of man comes to a halt.  Mowlana is among the eminent mystic thinkers who has paid much attention to the issue of &l More

Act alongside solemn belief and verbal acknowledgement constitutes one of the three pillars of Religiosity and in fact without it the spiritual path of man comes to a halt.  Mowlana is among the eminent mystic thinkers who has paid much attention to the issue of ‘Act” throughout his noble oeuvre Masnavi.  His accounts in this regard are so vast and deep that presenting them is beyond the scope of this article but since a large part of Mowlana’s sayings is concerned with the rewards of act and he has analyzed this issue at length from different angles hence the present article concentrates on the relationship between deed and its reward attempting to compile,  classify, and analyze his ideas on this issue. In general, he puts forward the following concepts:  Indestructibility of deeds, definite reward in return for deeds, unity of deed and reward, the relationship between suffering and spiritual seizure with misconduct, visualization of deeds, dreadful mistaken deeds, inadequacy of deed for attainment of the truth (non-action), the inevitable spreading of traces of deeds, and finally an act without expectation of a reward. Manuscript profile

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46 - Moral and social pathology in Ebn Yamin’s Divan
Zinab Hadi

Ebn Yamin Forumadi is regarded as one of the poets in the Mongol era when the social morality and mental and cultural foundations of people began to decline.  Although the social-political upheavals, and fall in morality and humane values in the conquered lands in More

Ebn Yamin Forumadi is regarded as one of the poets in the Mongol era when the social morality and mental and cultural foundations of people began to decline.  Although the social-political upheavals, and fall in morality and humane values in the conquered lands in this era caused the emergence of the spirit of resignation and determinism among the populace yet among some of the proud Persian poets, and brigands rose the spirit of fighting against oppression and literary criticism began to take root.  Each poet in this era, according to the existing atmosphere in the society at the time, chose certain approach to fight the moral and social meanness, social and political instabilities and injustices of the governors and their puppets.  Although Ebn Yamin had praised extensively the rulers and ministers he had also criticized their actions and the social state of the society and social morality.  Although his criticism in comparison with his contemporaries such as Saadi and Seif Forqani are less harsh and is ranked inferior to them, but on occasions he has criticized people from all walks of life, elites and common people alike.  This article deals with the moral and social pathology in the poetry of Ebn Yamin. Manuscript profile

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47 - Conceptual metaphor approach of "love" in moral teachings Case study: Sadi's Sonnet
ali dalirdisefani Ali Reza Shabanlu Soheila Mousavi Sirjani azita afrashii

Cognitive linguistics deals with the connection between the mind and language and the physical-social experiences of humans and includes a set of ideas in the intellectual foundations of which conceptual metaphor is one of the most important. According to Lakoff and Joh More

Cognitive linguistics deals with the connection between the mind and language and the physical-social experiences of humans and includes a set of ideas in the intellectual foundations of which conceptual metaphor is one of the most important. According to Lakoff and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphor, conceptual metaphor means perceiving the objective concept of a phenomenon from the field of "origin" and transferring it to a mental concept in the field of "destination", and the elements and factors of connection between these two fields are called "mapping". Love is one of the most important feelings in human life, and the way of looking at love is one of the important topics in poetry and prose literature. Methods: This thesis is an analysis of the concept of "love" in Sadi’s sonnets with the approach of conceptual metaphor theory. This research is carried out with the descriptive-analytical method and according to the frequency of the word "love" in the context of Sa’di’s sonnets. Conclusion: The sub-mappings of conceptual metaphors of "love" in Sadi’s Sonnet are coherent. The structural nature of the conceptual metaphor of love in Sadi’s sonnets allows him to elaborate a concept in detail. The variety of metaphors in Sa’di sonnets makes us face Sadi’s organized mind in the analysis of the conceptual metaphor of "love". Manuscript profile

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