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Open Access Article
1 - A Fuzzy Realistic Mobility Model for Ad hoc Networks
Alireza Amirshahi Mahmoud Fathy Morteza Romoozi Mohammad Assarian -
Open Access Article
2 - The Impact of Speed on Transformations of Urban Structures in Global and Iranian Scale (Case Study: Shiraz City)
Azadeh Pourtazak seyed hossein bahreiny mohammad naghizadeSpeed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudd MoreSpeed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudden and hasty effect in a physical or even virtual environment which can lead to non conformities and a kind of disruption in present function of the system and would be harmful to the new agent, the environment itself or other users of it. So the pervasive impact of speed in changing communities and the human settlements is revealed. In detailed point of view, the study of variety of technological tools and the plurality of physical infrastructures in Shiraz urban structure shows the emergence of multiple speeds that led to the complexity, extension and dispersion of the city. Therefore, this amount of change in a short period of time caused a serious problem especially in measurement and evaluation of the city's structure. On this basis, the goal of this article is to gain a comprehensive view of speed, furthermore achieving an interrelationship between speed and urban structure is considered. This is investigated and analyzed through four speed ages extracted in both global and national scale. The objectives would be obtaining the urban corridors in the structure of Shiraz city in four speed ages which has the highest potential of mobility and this is coinciding with the definition of speed extracted in the epochs mentioned before. The proof of this claim is performed through space syntax analysis and its most practical criterion which is called the integration value. Moreover, in order to carry out a comprehensive and detailed investigation of speed in the present age, the study of different modes of transportation comprised of bus corridors, special taxi corridors and metro stations is done. Also the network analysis in physical context which has been done through space syntax, is applied. Besides, the virtual infrastructure of two main telephone portables in Iranian networks including Irancell and MCI coverage is studied. The overlapping of the above maps results the multi mobility-multi speed corridors in the structure of Shiraz which is comprised of a wide range of speed between minimum and maximum rate in the categories of natural speed, mechanical speed and virtual speed. These corridors achieve their multi functional characteristics through a historical and evolutionary process. The aforementioned corridors are the main streets ending to the five entrances of Shiraz city, number of corridors agglomerated in central part of city, and many east-west corridors versus few north-south corridors scattered in different city directions. As a result, in order to make a coherent and integrated structure, it is important to consider proper distribution of corridors in the north-south direction along with east-west direction also making an appropriate connection between these directions is suggested. The augmentation and reinforcement of south and east corridors together with north and west, also strengthening and emphasizing on the corridors connected to the peripheral settlements is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Who Uses Urban Parks? A Study of User Characteristics and Activity Patterns of Ramna Park, Dhaka
Niaz Zafri Anurima Jahangir Ahmed Prithul Mashrur Rahman Nusrat Sharmin Ishrat Islam -
Open Access Article
4 - Class Mobility in Iran: The Determining Factors
رحمن GhahremanpourIt is commonly argued that classes in non-Westernsocieties are the products of state performance rather thansocial transformations. The author argues that the viciouscycle of power, that is the domination of political power overeconomic power, is one of the main reasons MoreIt is commonly argued that classes in non-Westernsocieties are the products of state performance rather thansocial transformations. The author argues that the viciouscycle of power, that is the domination of political power overeconomic power, is one of the main reasons for the perpetuationof such a situation. In this regard, excessive class mobility is animportant obstacle to the emergence of autonomous classes inIran. It is expected that new class mobility (negative or positive)would be witnessed when there is a change in political system.Furthermore, there are other factors which affect the positionof classes in Iran. International system, religion and specificstructure of Iranian society are among these factors. Accordingto the author, understanding the question of classes depends onstudying the way in which power is executed in the society. Classis closely related to national identity, social cohesion and socialorder. Therefore, he concludes that the higher class mobility in asociety, the lower will become social cohesion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation the Dependence of Mobility on Carrier Concentration and Temperature in Organic Semiconductors
Ali Mahmoudloo -
Open Access Article
6 - Sociological Explanation of the Share of Social Capital in Social Movement
sahar khosravi Alireza mohseni tabrizi, this essay aims for a sociological explanation of social capital’s contribution in shaping social mobility. The research method is survey while questionnaires are used as a means of data collection. The statistical population consists of Shirazi citizens of 25 y More, this essay aims for a sociological explanation of social capital’s contribution in shaping social mobility. The research method is survey while questionnaires are used as a means of data collection. The statistical population consists of Shirazi citizens of 25 years of age and older, of whom 395 persons are selected using the Cochran's formula. Bourdieu's theory is used to study the effects of social capital on social mobility. Accordingly, social capital is examined across three dimensions: social trust, social participation and collective cohesion. Our results indicate that the mean social mobility among the sample population is less than average (1.75). Also, among the average components of social capital, social trust ranks lowest (2.06). There is a significant and positive correlation between social capital and social mobility. In terms of social capital’s dimensions, there exists a significant and positive correlation between social trust and collective cohesion with social mobility, whereas no significant correlation between social participation and social mobility is detected Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Sociological Explanation of the Share of Social Capital in Social Mobility
Sahar Khosravi Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Hossein Aghajani Mersa'Social mobility is an important subject in the social domain and has been the focus of considerable investigation among scholars as it entails significant consequences both on macro and micro levels. Therefore, this essay aims for a sociological explanation of social ca MoreSocial mobility is an important subject in the social domain and has been the focus of considerable investigation among scholars as it entails significant consequences both on macro and micro levels. Therefore, this essay aims for a sociological explanation of social capital’s contribution in shaping social mobility. The research method is survey while questionnaires are used as a means of data collection. The statistical population consists of Shirazi citizens of 25 years of age and older, of whom 395 persons are selected using the Cochran's formula. Bourdieu's theory is used to study the effects of social capital on social mobility. Accordingly, social capital is examined across three dimensions: social trust, social participation and collective cohesion. Our results indicate that the mean social mobility among the sample population is less than average (1.75). Also, among the average components of social capital, social trust ranks lowest (2.06). There is a significant and positive correlation between social capital and social mobility. In terms of social capital’s dimensions, there exists a significant and positive correlation between social trust and collective cohesion with social mobility, whereas no significant correlation between social participation and social mobility is detected. As for personal variables, there is a significant relationship between age, education, activity status, residential area and social mobility. The r2 value shows that 47% of the variations in social mobility can be explained by the independent variables entered in the analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigating the mobility and bioavailability of copper in the soil of rice fields irrigated by wastewater from Amol Industrial Town
Fatemeh Ahmadipour Nader Bahramifar Seyed Mahmoud GhasempouriBackground and Objective: Behavior of metals in soils, such as mobility and bioavailability based on the total concentration of heavy metals, is not predictable. Absorption and toxicity of metals are dependent on their chemical fraction. Therefore, investigation of mobi MoreBackground and Objective: Behavior of metals in soils, such as mobility and bioavailability based on the total concentration of heavy metals, is not predictable. Absorption and toxicity of metals are dependent on their chemical fraction. Therefore, investigation of mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals are very important in the environmental studies. Method: Using BCR modified sequential extraction procedure, different forms Cu in the soil of rice fields irriggated by Amol industrial wastewater were determined in this study. Samples were analyzed by the Atomic Absorption Sens AA model. Results: The results showed that the residual form and the acid soluble, exchangeable, carbonate form were at their maximuum and minimum amounts (77.17 and 2.7), respectively. Moreover, mobility factor and recovery percent were obtained to be 2.39 and 96.6, respectively. Conclusion: Mobility and bioavailability of copper in soil of rice farms in this area are low. Therefore, the possibility of pollution by this metal is low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A-RPL: Routing Algorithm with the Ability to Support Mobility in Internet of Things Networks
Forough Fazli Maisam Mansubbassiri Farshad BabazadehQuick development of technologies and emergence of Internet of Things technology that can link everything environment us is one of the most amazing developments environ the universe. Need to connect and manage fixed and mobile nodes in this type of networks in order to MoreQuick development of technologies and emergence of Internet of Things technology that can link everything environment us is one of the most amazing developments environ the universe. Need to connect and manage fixed and mobile nodes in this type of networks in order to create a proper interaction among them, addition to solving many serious limitations, has caused researchers to address various challenges of this technology. One of the most important challenges is to provide an efficient routing protocol that is able to manage different aspects of network efficiency alongside manages mobility of nodes and dynamic topology of network. RPL (Routing Protocol for Low Power & Lossy Networks) is one of the famous routing protocols is proposed for internet of things networks. This protocol is designed specifically for Internet of Things networks with fixed nodes, so we developed a new routing algorithm called A-RPL to support mobility and solved some challenges caused by mobility. Our algorithm works better than some superior algorithms were proposed in recent years, because they still suffer from various disadvantages, especially for mobile networks Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effects of Aromatherapy with Ginger Essential Oil on Tonic Immobility Reactions and some Blood Metabolites of Caponized and Intact Cockerels
mohammad javad skandri Farhad Samadian reza naghiha mostafa Ghaderi-ZefreheiInroduction & Objective:Aromatherapy with essential oils (EO) in rats has been reported to alter some of the serum variables and reduce anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy with ginger EO on serum metabolites an MoreInroduction & Objective:Aromatherapy with essential oils (EO) in rats has been reported to alter some of the serum variables and reduce anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy with ginger EO on serum metabolites and fear related responses in capons and intact cockerels. Materials and Methods:In this study, 10 caponized and 10 sham-operatedcockerelswere used. Half of the poultries in each group (capons=5 andsham-operated cockerels=5) were treated by aromatic EO in a chamber, and the rest of experimental poultries were exposed to water vapor in the same chamber. Eachbird after removal from the chamber was held by both legs and swung into an inverted position for 30 s and thereaftertonic immobility (TI)test was performed on it.Two weeks after this test, the aromatherapy process was repeated in all birds and blood plasma metabolites were measured before and after aromatherapy. Results: Aromatherapy in the caponized group resulted in a decrease in the tonic immobility duration, indicating a decrease in fearfulness induced by harvesting process.Moreover, aromatherapy significantly increased plasmalevels of glucose, protein and total urea in cockerels. Conclusion: Aromatherapy is probably by activating the sympathetic system and increase blood pressure, lead to increased levels of glucose, protein and serum urea and reduce the number of inductions required to attain the TI response. Therefore, ginger EOexposure during manual harvesting maybe advisable to reduce fearful responses in cockerels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The study of the Mobility of charge carriers in Gallium Arsenide semiconductor doped with Cr and Co used in solar cell of space shuttles
hassan khaleghiGaAs is a binary III-V compound semiconductor in the periodic table. Having a direct energy gap of 1.42 eV at room temperature, GaAs is one of the widely used semiconductors in the technology and creation of solid state electronic devices such as solar cells. From this MoreGaAs is a binary III-V compound semiconductor in the periodic table. Having a direct energy gap of 1.42 eV at room temperature, GaAs is one of the widely used semiconductors in the technology and creation of solid state electronic devices such as solar cells. From this view point, study of the electronic properties of GaAs single crystals is of prime importance. In this experimental work, transport properties of two kinds of p-type GaAs samples each doped with Cr and Co have been studied in the wide temperature range (100-400) K. Apart from temperature dependency of mobility of charge carriers also different predominant scattering mechanisms occurring in these crystals have been given. Analysis of the temperature dependency of mobility, shows that, two kinds of scattering mechanisms namely, ionic and lattice scatterings are the dominant mechanisms at low and high temperatures, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Population Spatial Mobility: Monitoring, Methodology of Formation, Features of Regulation
Mariana Bil Inna Irtyshcheva Nazariy Popadynets Dmytro Voit -
Open Access Article
13 - Effects of Chamaemelum nobile hydro alcoholic extract on reproductive and behavioural parameters in male rats exposed to immobility stress
Mehrdad Neshat Gharamaleky yasin bagheri masoud delashoub hesam rafie Ali mohammad Bahrami Aref DelkhoshStress is a very important factor in causing disorders in the reproductive system. Considering the effects of Anthemis nobilis L. in traditional medicine as an effective treatment of certain diseases, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic e MoreStress is a very important factor in causing disorders in the reproductive system. Considering the effects of Anthemis nobilis L. in traditional medicine as an effective treatment of certain diseases, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Anthemis nobilis L.onreproductive and behavioural parameters in male rats exposed to immobility stress. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 220±20 g were randomly divided into five groups including control without any stress and additive, control exposed to stress without additive (positive control) and treatment groups exposed to stress and receiving Anthemis nobilis L.extract in dosages of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg respectively. The extract was given to the rats with gavage and accompanied by immobility stress for 21 days. At the end of the study, anxiety was evaluated using elevated plus maze, also blood samples were collected for hormonal assay and the number of sperms were assessed. Obtained data were analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Anthemis nobilis L.significantly increased the number of sperms, testosterone, LH and FSH levels in comparison to the stress group (p < /em><0.05). Also the findings of this research revealed that the extract led to significant increase in percentages of open arm entry and decrease in percentages of close arm entries in the elevated plus maze compared to the stress group (p < /em><0.05). The results indicated that hydro alcoholic extract of Anthemis nobilis L.has anxiolytic effects and increases the reproductive parameters probably due to antioxidant components of this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Reliable Routing Protocol for Wireless Vehicular Networks
Mohsen Madani Seyed Ahmad Motamedi Mostafa MohammadiRecently, much attention has been paid to Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). VANETs address direct communication between vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicles to roadside units (RSUs). They are similar to the Mobile and Ad hoc Networks (MANET) in their rapid and dynamic networ MoreRecently, much attention has been paid to Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). VANETs address direct communication between vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicles to roadside units (RSUs). They are similar to the Mobile and Ad hoc Networks (MANET) in their rapid and dynamic network topology changes due to the fast motion of nodes. High mobility of nodes and network resources limitations have made the routing, one of the most important challenges in VANET researches. Therefore, guaranteeing a stable and reliable routing algorithm over VANET is one of the main steps to realize an effective vehicular communications. In this paper, a two-step AODV-based routing protocol is proposed for VANET networks. At first, node-grouping is done using their mobility information such as speed and movement direction. If the first step cannot respond efficiently, the algorithm enters the second step which uses link expiration time (LET) information in the formation of the groups. The goal of the proposed protocol is increasing the stability of routing algorithm by selecting long-lived routes and decreasing link breakages. The comparison of proposed algorithm with AODV and DSR protocols is performed via the Network Simulator NS-2. It is shown that the proposed algorithm increases the delivery ratio and also decreases the routing control overhead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Designing a Model for the Role of Social Networks in the Creation of Youth Social Changes
Reza Davoudi Mohammad Soltanifar Ali Akbar FarhangiThe aim of this research was to design a model for the role of social networks functions (social mobility, social knowledge, social ties, social awareness, organizing social protests and social cohesion) on the youth social changes. This research is applied in terms of MoreThe aim of this research was to design a model for the role of social networks functions (social mobility, social knowledge, social ties, social awareness, organizing social protests and social cohesion) on the youth social changes. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included students of Islamic Azad Universities in Fars province. In this research, a random cluster sampling method was used to select research sample. The required data collected through questionnaires from 704 students of Major Islamic Azad Universities in Fars Province. In this research, SPSS and LISREL softwares and hierarchical analysis techniques were used to analyze the data using correlation coefficients, t statistics, path coefficients, factor loading and fuzzy hierarchical analysis.The results showed that social networks causes of social mobility, social knowledge, social ties, social awareness, organizing of social protests and social cohesion and through ultimately creates social changes. So, all hypotheses of research were confirmed. Also, the model result test shows that the research model is a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Causes of Coming into Power of Khatami (Reform Government 1997/1376) on the Basis of Samuel Huntington’s Theory of Uneven Developmen
Sadegh Zibakalam Davood Afshar Abdollah AslanzadehThe main question which the present article discusses is what were the cause and ground of coming to power of Syed Mohammad Khatami (Reform government) in second Khordad 1376/1997? The article tries to base its argument on the theory of “uneven development” MoreThe main question which the present article discusses is what were the cause and ground of coming to power of Syed Mohammad Khatami (Reform government) in second Khordad 1376/1997? The article tries to base its argument on the theory of “uneven development” of Samuel Huntington. A theory which believes that once the political institution lag behind the social and economic transformation this phenomenon leads to creation of new foundation for political association and formation of new political institutions. The underlying hypothesis is that the uneven development of Hashemi period (Reconstruction period) was the cause of Khatami coming into power. In fact due to social and class mobility along with economic development and consequently the growth of new middle class which happened during this period new expectations and demands were created which were mainly participation in the country’s affairs and determining their political future. But during this period no tangible effort were made to fulfill these demands for political development. In this background the slogans of Khatami which were based on the above said demands led to this fact that a large section of voters cast their votes in favour of Khatami and this culminated to his victory in the seventh presidential elections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - .Body management and the acquisition of modern identity in female citizens, using Grounded Theory approach (Case of study: Gorgani women)
Mahbobeh Ilvari. Afsaneh Edrisi.The purpose of this study was to understand the place of media and social networks in the conceptual model of women's body management and the acquisition of modern identity. The research was conducted using qualitative approach, grounded theory method and the paradigma More.The purpose of this study was to understand the place of media and social networks in the conceptual model of women's body management and the acquisition of modern identity. The research was conducted using qualitative approach, grounded theory method and the paradigmatic model. Data analysis was performed using the continuous comparative method of Strauss and Corbin. Unstructured, in-depth interviews were conducted individually, and the duration of each interview session was between 1-2 hours. 15 interviews were conducted. 67 concepts were formed and 21 categories were created. Interviewees were selected via a snowball sampling method. In this study, triangulation validity was used. The results showed that the modern identity was acquired through exclusion of the adult woman, psychological and mental preoccupations, and compliance with social demands. Factors affecting the acquisition of modern identity were identified as body-dysmorphic-disorder, the desire to reach the era of beauty and dreaming of the ideal body. Advancement of technology, people's encouragement and public acceptance were the intervening conditions and the acquisition of modern identity lead to imitating of media and reference groups and a search for beauty surgeons and hair stylits. The consequences of such actions and responses are addiction and dependency to makeup, showing the vertical mobility of social classes, showing good taste and creativity to others, and the spreading of a culture of consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - رابطه کیفیت گوشت سینه جوجههای گوشتی و برخی پارامترهای خونی: مفاهیم رنگهای متفاوت پوششها و تماس بصری انسان
ا. درلی فیداناهداف این پژوهش برآورد ارتباط فنوتیپی میان صفات متنوع کیفی گوشت سینه، پارامترهای خونی و بیحرکتی صوتی از یک جوجه گوشتی و برای توضیح ارتباط میان این متغییرها بودند. جوجههای گوشتی به گروههای متفاوتی تقسیم شدند: (1) گروههای پوشش رنگی ارائه دهنده 4 رنگ متفاوت قرمز، آبی، Moreاهداف این پژوهش برآورد ارتباط فنوتیپی میان صفات متنوع کیفی گوشت سینه، پارامترهای خونی و بیحرکتی صوتی از یک جوجه گوشتی و برای توضیح ارتباط میان این متغییرها بودند. جوجههای گوشتی به گروههای متفاوتی تقسیم شدند: (1) گروههای پوشش رنگی ارائه دهنده 4 رنگ متفاوت قرمز، آبی، سبز و خاکستری و (2) جوجههایی که تحت نظر تماس بصری انسان برای 60 تا 300 ثانیه قرار گرفتند. مجموعهای از 192 جوجه، یکروزه، به طور تصادفی به 8 گروه تیمار براساس پوشش رنگی و تماس بصری انسانی اختصاص یافتند. وزنهای هچشدگی برای گروههای رنگی پوشش قرمز، آبی، سبز و خاکستری 10/47، 35/48، 67/46 و 05/47 گرم بودند، و برای گروههای 60 تا 300 ثانیه تماس بصری انسانی 34/47 و 24/47 گرم، به ترتیب تعیین شدند. کاهش پخت یک ارتباط معنیدار منفی با pH در 15 دقیقه بعد از کشتار (pH15) در گروه پوشش قرمز داشت. ظرفیت نگهداری آب یک همبستگی منفی (355/0 r=و 489/0-) با pH در 24 ساعت پس از کشتار (pHu) در گروههای 60 و 300 ثانیه به ترتیب داشت. سطح پروتئین کلی درجه بالا و همبستگی مثبتی (675/0r=) با سطح کلسترول در گروه پوشش قرمز داشت. طول بیحرکتی صوتی (TI) ارتباط معنیداری با القا TI در گروه پوشش سبز داشت. ارزش رنگ a* گوشت سینه یک همبستگی متوسط معنیدار منفی با متغییرهای ارزش L* گوشت سینه (574/0- (01/0P<) و 373/0- (05/0P<)، به ترتیب) در پوشش خاکستری و گروه تماس بصری 300 ثانیهای نشان داد. این یافتهها تأثیرات زیادی روی استفاده از پوشش رنگی خاکستری و تماس بصری 300 ثانیهای برای بهبود کیفیت گوشت برای رفاه در جوجههای گوشتی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - بررسی وجود QTL برای برخی از صفات رفتاری و عملکردی بر روی کروموزوم شماره4 در بلدرچین ژاپنی
ا. رضوان نژاد ا. نصیری فرمطالعه حاضر به منظور شناسایی وجود QTL برای صفات وزن بدن در سنین 1، 7، 14، 21 و 28 روزگی، نرخ رشد روزانه در سنین 1-0، 2-1، 3-2 و 4-3 هفتگی، وزن لاشه بعد از کشتار و عدم تحرک در بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام شد. دو لاین متمایز بلدرچین ژاپنی شامل لاین وحشی و سفید که در مزرعه تحقیقاتی Moreمطالعه حاضر به منظور شناسایی وجود QTL برای صفات وزن بدن در سنین 1، 7، 14، 21 و 28 روزگی، نرخ رشد روزانه در سنین 1-0، 2-1، 3-2 و 4-3 هفتگی، وزن لاشه بعد از کشتار و عدم تحرک در بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام شد. دو لاین متمایز بلدرچین ژاپنی شامل لاین وحشی و سفید که در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان نگهداری می­شدند، مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. پرندگان دو لاین به صورت تلاقی جابجایی برای تولید نسل F1 با یکدیگر تلاقی داده شدند. نسل F2 از تلاقی تصادفی پرندگان نسل F1 تولید شدند. مدل مورد استفاده برای نقشه یابیQTL برای صفات اندازه­گیری شده، مدل F2 و ناتنیها در نرم افزار QTL express بود. کل افراد نسل F2 (422 پرنده)، والدین آنها )34 پرنده (F1و لاینهای خالص (16 پرنده) توسط 2 نشانگر ریزماهواره بر روی کروموزوم 4 ژنوتایپ شدند. بر روی این کروموزوم، با استفاده از مدل ناتنی، QTL معنیداری در سطح 05/0 و 01/0 کروموزوم، شناسایی نشد. اما با مدل F2، یک QTL معنیدار در سطح 05/0کروموزوم برای وزن بدن در سن 21 و 28 روزگی، وزن لاشه ونرخ رشد روزانه در طی 2-1، 3-2 و 4-3 هفتگی در موقعیت 54cM شناسایی شد. از آنجاکه صفات رشد صفات پیچیده­ای هستند که تحت تأثیر بسیاری از جایگاههای مؤثر بر اشتها، جذب غذا، تخصیص مواد مغذی، میزان سوخت و ساز، فعالیت بدنی و غیره میباشند، همهQTL های شناسایی شده کمتر از 4 درصد از واریانس فنوتیپی برای صفات مورد نظر توضیح می­دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - پاسخ ترس در خروسها که به صورت خوراکی در معرض الکل قرار دارند: مدل حیوانی جایگزین
F. Pazhoohi S. Shojaee M.M. Ommati F. Saemi A. Akhlaghiآثار مصرف اتانول بر پاسخ ترس در انسان و مدلهای حیوانی متداول (همچون جوندگان) بحث برانگیز است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر دوز مصرفی اتانول بر پاسخ ترس ماکیان به عنوان مدل حیوانی جایگزین بود. برای پاسخ ترس در ماکیان، مدل بیتحرکی تونیک در 60 خروس تیمار شده با اتانول استف Moreآثار مصرف اتانول بر پاسخ ترس در انسان و مدلهای حیوانی متداول (همچون جوندگان) بحث برانگیز است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر دوز مصرفی اتانول بر پاسخ ترس ماکیان به عنوان مدل حیوانی جایگزین بود. برای پاسخ ترس در ماکیان، مدل بیتحرکی تونیک در 60 خروس تیمار شده با اتانول استفاده شد. مدت زمان بیتحرکی تونیک در پرندههای تیمار شده با الکل در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به طور معنیدار بیشتر بود (05/0>P)، که مشخص میکند که مقدار دوز خورانده شده اتانول به خروسها با پاسخ ترس همبستگی مثبتی داشت که این موضوع ماکیان را به عنوان مدل مناسب جایگزین برای مطالعات رفتاری معرفی میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Analytic of Affecting indicators in smart city to reduce the risk of epidemic diseases (Covid-19) (Case study: New city of Baharestan, Isfahan)
zahra hassani fereshte ahmadiThe global outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted the normal lives of citizens and the provision of services in cities around the world, and despite the guidelines and programs that cities have for emergencies; the widespread outbreak of the disease has left cities with a l MoreThe global outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted the normal lives of citizens and the provision of services in cities around the world, and despite the guidelines and programs that cities have for emergencies; the widespread outbreak of the disease has left cities with a lack of capability and resources to deal with it. Hence, the prevalence of COVID-19 led to more emphasis on the role and importance of smart cities in dealing with and preventing crises. Because it combines the capabilities of the real and virtual world to solve urban problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify smart city indicators for reducing the COVID-19 risk. The present study is a descriptive-correlational and applied study that has been conducted using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis. The statistical population of this study is citizens living in the new town of Baharestan. Using available sampling method, 382 people were selected as sample members. The main tool for collecting information was a questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the obtained data. Findings from exploratory factor analysis led to the identification of three factors: smart services, smart health care and smart mobility. smart cities with the above three factors, have the ability to reduce the risk of corona and can play an important role in the optimal control and management of the situation in the event of such crises. Building smarter cities can support significantly better outbreaks and are crucial to saving lives. Evidence suggests that the risk of COVID-19 can be reduced with the help of smart city solutions. The need for smart cities is essential for the epidemic. COVID-19 epidemic has increased the demand for smart city and justified its existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Impact of Mobility Prediction on the Performance of P2P Content Discovery Protocols over Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
Mona Mojtabaee Morteza Romoozi Hamideh Babaei -
Open Access Article
23 - Taxonomy of Intelligent Transportation Systems (VANET): A Survey
Gholamreza Vatanian shanjani Somayyeh jafarali jassbi -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Resistance Economics Approach with Emphasis on the Role of Constructive Mobilization in Guilan Central Area
Fahimeh Zahmatkesh Teymour AmarAn investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the In MoreAn investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the Information Collection is the Field Documentary. Entrepreneurs of the Statistical Society of the investigation is under the protection of the Baseej of the Rurals of Rasht,Anzali and Rudbar.The Sampling Community of the Mountainous Partition according to the Morgan Table in the plain of Rurals which contains 200 entrepreneurs and in the mountainous Rurals 70 ones.The investigation about entrepreneurship considering the activities in the plain regions differs from the mountainous region. existence of markets in Rasht and Anzali makes the products of clothing and tailoring more prevalent by Rurals. Matting handicrafts industry is the other activity which is prevalent in the villages of the plain partition in which raw materials is a kind of the plants which belongs to the region.The Rurals are interested in the activities and it is because of its profitableness. Generally speaking, 69% Entrepreneurs of plain regions of Rasht and Anzali and 72% of them from the mountainous region are under the protection of Baseej. Considering the kinds of the activities in the mountainous region 90% them belong the agriculture and%10belongs to services ones and most prevalent activities of the plain regions are as following: %30 of the activities belong to the agriculture, 22/5% of them belong to services and %47/5 of them belong to the industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Vertical mobility chance in make selection for man and woman. a comparative study
maryam fakhri bagher sarukhani mohamadsadegh mahdaviThe purpose of this article is to review the social mobility of the marriage window. For this purpose, the researcher has referred to married living in Tehran to study the case and collect and collect information.Using Cronbach's alpha, 380 cases were sampled and the re MoreThe purpose of this article is to review the social mobility of the marriage window. For this purpose, the researcher has referred to married living in Tehran to study the case and collect and collect information.Using Cronbach's alpha, 380 cases were sampled and the received questionnaires were analyzed. The theoretical framework used in this article is Bourdieu's "field" view.In this way, marital field is one of the most effective social fields in which the male and female stratum can be studied in social mobility through its superior positions and its family, based on the opportunities available.In the marital field, the choice of a spouse to gain access to acquired privileges and even privileges attributed to him from the economic and social base of the family, which can be regarded as a social and economic ladder, is different from that of men and women.In the community of people on the marriage field, for the sake of status and dignity, it uses gender and gender is not a neutral phenomenon. It can be said that men and women play a significant role in society as a dual agency of inequality. In this paper, we will refer to the importance of this issue on the basis of the findings of the study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Study and correlated with socioeconomic and demographic situation of immigrant women's reproductive behavior: A Case Study of Afghan women immigrants living in the Parsian and Lamerd
رضا نوبخت علی قاسمی اردهایی محمدرضا برومندزادهDespite the long-term presence of Afghan refugees in Iran, attributes and behaviors of the demographic, economic, social and considered them less known. The aim of this study was to identify behaviors, demographic, social and economic migrants in the southern regions an MoreDespite the long-term presence of Afghan refugees in Iran, attributes and behaviors of the demographic, economic, social and considered them less known. The aim of this study was to identify behaviors, demographic, social and economic migrants in the southern regions and less developed Afghanistan Iran. Afghan refugees in Iran of significant population (4.1 million) and long-term record of their presence in society, the need to study in the field of recognizing the different characteristics of this group of immigrants stresses. So the two regions in the provinces of Fars and Hormozgan (Parsian and Lamerd) selected from 115 women 15 to 49, the information collected and analyzed. The findings suggest that immigrant women's reproductive and fertility of origin and destination are significant differences in the level of the target provinces. Among the social variables explained only education gives women of reproductive differences. A significant correlation between length of stay, there was no family relationship of spouses and children. Low levels of awareness and early marriage leads to a lack of social mobility of immigrant women. These two factors lead to higher fertility levels were to immigrant women than women. It seems that there are areas of cultural and religious, such as early marriage, particularly for girls, called sons of immigrants in the city studied the determinants of reproductive behavior in the coming years and their fertility at a higher level than natives place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Application of homogenizer assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction in combination with ion mobility spectrometry for the determination of mefenamic acid in different samples
Sama Hayatkhah Bahman Farajmand Mohammad Reza YaftianIn this study, the combination of homogenizer-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ion mobility spectrometry has been introduced as a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of mefenamic acid. Effective parameters of the method such as pH, ioni MoreIn this study, the combination of homogenizer-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ion mobility spectrometry has been introduced as a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of mefenamic acid. Effective parameters of the method such as pH, ionic strength of the sample, homogenization rate and time, type and volume of extraction solvent have been investigated and optimized. Optimal conditions were obtained by applying 50 µl chloroform solvent at 8 second homogenization time for 16000 rpm at pH equal to 5 and salt addition at 0.15 g/ml. The analytical performances of the method including linear range, detection limit, repeatability, and enrichment factor were evaluated under optimal conditions. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 10 to 500 μg/L. The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were 9.8% and 8.1%, respectively. The limit of detection for the analyte was 3.1 µg/L. Relative recoveries were obtained in the range of 92 to 111% for river water, 88 to 107% for urine, and 92 to 106% for milk samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Chemical ionization of valine amino acid at atmospheric pressure using ion mobility spectrometer equipped with corona discharge ionization source
Manijeh Tozihi Nasim Najaflu Hamed BahramiIn this research, chemical ionization of valine amino acid in atmospheric pressure has been investigated through its interaction with hydronium and ammonium ions by using ion mobility spectrometer equipped with corona discharge ionization source. It was found that in th MoreIn this research, chemical ionization of valine amino acid in atmospheric pressure has been investigated through its interaction with hydronium and ammonium ions by using ion mobility spectrometer equipped with corona discharge ionization source. It was found that in the presence of hydronium as reactant ion and ammonium as dopant, the ionization of valine took place through its protonation, fragmentation of protonated molecule, and also formation of adduct ions. At least six ionic species were identified as product. In ion mobility spectrum of valine, two signals were assigned to the protonated valine and its symmetric proton-bound dimer, respectively. Identification of two other signals were conducted by comparison of the ion mobility spectrum of valine and isobutylamine. Using mass-mobility correlation equation based on two standard masses, two other signals were assigned. One of them was attributed to an ionic cluster obtained from the interaction of the ionic fragment with the neutral molecule of valine and the other one was related to a carbocation resulting from the fragmentation of protonated valine through the elimination of water. By the study of time, evolution of product and reactant ions signals and also the change of cell temperature, the proposed origin of the signals was confirmed. Therefore, the identification of ion products without need to couple the ion mobility spectrometer to the mass spectrometer was performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Amide bond formation by applying thermal shock and rapid identification of the products using ion mobility spectrometry
farshad mirzaee valadi Hamed Bahrami Manijeh TozihiThe amide bond constitutes the skeleton of biologically significant peptides and proteins. The amide group exists in many pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, the development of an efficient amidation method continues to be an essential scientific pursuit. In this research, MoreThe amide bond constitutes the skeleton of biologically significant peptides and proteins. The amide group exists in many pharmaceutical compounds. Thus, the development of an efficient amidation method continues to be an essential scientific pursuit. In this research, a simple method was introduced for the direct and solvent-free formation of amides, and also for real-time product identification. At first, the ion mobility spectrum of perindopril erbumine salt was obtained, and the ionic species resulting from evaporation and ionization of this salt in corona discharge were identified. Subsequently, the formation of a product ion having heavier mass than protonated perindopril was demonstrated by applying thermal shock at 400 °C to perindopril erbumine salt. The variation of the intensities of the peaks in the ion mobility spectra over the elapsed time, and also predicting the mass of the ionic species were examined to determine the nature of the newly formed product. Through the method described in this article the new product was identified to be an amide compound. The efficiency of the two-reference method for applying the mass-mobility correlation equation to predict the masses of ion species in the ion mobility spectrometry was demonstrated. The results of this study showed that applying thermal shock to perindopril erbumine in addition to degradation of the sample can cause to create new products through the formation of amide bond. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effect of Kiwi Shell and Incubation Time on Mobility of Lead and Cadmium in Contaminated Clay Soil
Bahareh Lorestani Chia Arjangi Hajar Merrikhpour -
Open Access Article
31 - The Effect of Bornyl Acetate on Male Alzheimer's Disease Wistar Rats and In Vitro Amyloid Fibrils and Investigating the Immobility Stress
Hamid-Reza Alipour Parichehreh Yaghmaei Shahin Ahmadian Maryam Ghobeh Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in neuronal death and memory loss as it progresses. Following the progression of this disease, the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors occurs and it is now increasingly widespread, especia MoreAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in neuronal death and memory loss as it progresses. Following the progression of this disease, the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors occurs and it is now increasingly widespread, especially among the elderly. Studies show that Bornyl acetate, as a monoterpene, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the present study aims at assessing the effects of Bornyl acetate on AD male Wistar rats. Aβ1-42 was injected into the hippocampus of male rats bilaterally to create the Alzheimer's model. The therapeutic as well as the preventive effects of Bornyl acetate at a dosage (50, 20 mg/kg) were also investigated. Moreover, biochemical enzymes, SOD and MDA, shuttle box behavioral test, histological studies and hematoxylin & eosin and thioflavin-S staining were used to evaluate neurogenesis and amyloid plaques and the effects of short-term restraint stress on AD rats as well as the effects of the compound in vitro. Biochemical factors, histological images and behavioral test of the AD group were significantly different from the control groups and AD group showed a significant decline in learning and memory indices compared with the control group. Also, receiving a Bornyl acetate caused a significant increase in neurogenesis and a significant decrease in plaque density as well as significant changes in biochemical indices and behavioral tests. In addition, Bornyl acetate + restraint stress (R) group elevated learning speed and improved memory compared with the AD group. Notably, the above combination reduced amyloid fibrils in vitro. It seems that this compound can improve memory disorders and complications according to the results of the present study and previous reports suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Bornyl acetate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Relationship between the Mobility of Sperm on Pregnancy Results by Intrauterine Insemination
Elnaz Lak Fatemeh Shahmolaghamsari Kamran Nasirzadeh Mahshid ElahiIntrauterine insemination (IUI) is the first line of infertile couple treatment for its inexpensive and non-invasive. There is a wide range of indications like infertility with male causes, cervical-associated causes, and unknown causes for intrauterine sperm injection. MoreIntrauterine insemination (IUI) is the first line of infertile couple treatment for its inexpensive and non-invasive. There is a wide range of indications like infertility with male causes, cervical-associated causes, and unknown causes for intrauterine sperm injection. Meanwhile, the main parameters of sperm such as count, mobility, and morphology of sperm play a key role in the success of this method. One of the significant problems in the quality of sperm is the reduced mobility of sperms. Based on the WHO, the mobility under 50%, concentration over 20 million, and morphology over 4% are considered as Astenoaspermia. This study was conducted on the effectiveness of mobility on the outcome of pregnancy with IUI among the infertile couples referring to Jahad Daneshgahi infertility center. A number of 215 samples were divided in three groups of mobility over 70% (normospermia), mobility between 50% and 70% (normospermia) and mobility under 50% (astenoaspermia). The sperms were prepared with SU. The studies indicated that on sperm mobility after preparing had significant increase in all groups. Ovarian stimulations were performed based on the international protocol and the prepared suspension sperm was injected slowly into the uterus with Catheter. The results of pregnancy in term of pregnancy rates, abortion rates, and birth rates were evaluated and analyzed statistically. The results indicated that mobility has no contribution in the significant increase of pregnancy outcomes due to intrauterine insemination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effective Factors on Social Mobility among Economic Elites in the Past Three Decades
Elaheh Sadat badri Khalil Mirzaei Afsaneh Varasteh FarThe current research was done with the goal of determining the social mobility procedure among economic elites in the past three decades. The method of this study was a type of descriptive research. The statistical populations of this study were the economic elites in T MoreThe current research was done with the goal of determining the social mobility procedure among economic elites in the past three decades. The method of this study was a type of descriptive research. The statistical populations of this study were the economic elites in Tehran (about one hundred thousand people) and according to Morgan table, the sample size was 384 people, which was chosen by systematic random selection. In this method, from every 260 people, one person was selected and answered the questioner. To collect the data, the researcher-made questioner was used, the validity of which is determined by content validity, structural validity, and reliability of instruments through Alpha Cronbach formula. In order to analyze the data, one-way ANOVA test, and path analysis method was used. The findings indicate that social mobility was different in the three 70-80-90 decades, regarding vertical, horizontal, and geographic mobility. It was determined that horizontal mobility and geographic mobility in the three 70-80-90 decades had a significant difference. Furthermore, the results showed that economic elites had the most social mobility in the 90 decade, and the least mobility in the 80 decade. Also economic elites in the 90 decade didn’t have the tendency to geographic mobility, because 97,9 percent of the economic elites announced that they didn’t have a tendency to leave the country. Furthermore, it was clear that based on the results, people did not have the tendency toward sufficient mobility. It was also clear in path analysis that the family factor was in the first priority by the sum of direct and indirect effects of 0,291, in the second priority economic knowledge by direct and indirect effects of 0,254, in the third priority media by direct and indirect effects of -0,164 with transition, in the fourth priority, social intelligence by the direct and indirect effects of 0,163 with reverse transition, in the fifth priority, sexual attitude by direct and indirect effects of -0,153 with reverse transition, in the sixth priority, vocal communication by direct and indirect effects of -0,098, in the seventh priority, creativity by direct and indirect effects of -0,90 with transition, and in the eighth priority politics by direct and indirect effects of -0,077 with reverse transition were located. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Presenting the Model of Influencing Cultural Mobility on Managing Attachment of Managers of Mazandaran Universities
babak hoseinzade haniye divsalar Vahid FllahThe purpose of this study was to present a model of impact of cultural mobility on the managerial attachment of managers in Mazandaran universities. Due to the purpose and the nature of the research, this study used a mixed or mixed research method by combining qualitat MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model of impact of cultural mobility on the managerial attachment of managers in Mazandaran universities. Due to the purpose and the nature of the research, this study used a mixed or mixed research method by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The population of the study was 15 experts in Mazandaran universities. Statistical population The quantitative phase of the study was all managers of universities in Mazandaran province with total population of 478 and sample size of 213. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of an interview with experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient above (0.7). Face and content validity were used to determine the validity of these instruments. Structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the data analysis confirmed the impact of cultural mobility on the managerial attachment of the managers of Mazandaran universities. The cv com, R2, and cv red indices were used and the results showed that our model had a good fit. Manuscript profile
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