List of Articles international relations

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  1 - Constructivism: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Foreign Policy
  علیرضا Azghandi
  In this article, the author intends to explain the IslamicRepublic of Iran’s foreign relations in the post Iran-Iraq war era,using the constructivist theory and emphasizing the awareness of the characteristics of the fourth debate in internationalrelations field. More

  In this article, the author intends to explain the IslamicRepublic of Iran’s foreign relations in the post Iran-Iraq war era,using the constructivist theory and emphasizing the awareness of the characteristics of the fourth debate in internationalrelations field. The application of the above theory, which isanalyzed as the most recent approach in international relations,is intended to answer the question that whether constructivismcould play an explanatory and interpretative role in the studyof Iran’s foreign policy and relations. This article coversthree sections the first of which describes constructivism ininternational relations and the next sections scrutinize AlexanderVent’s opinions on constructivism, and the Iranian foreign policyfrom this perspective. The author reaches the conclusion thatas long as the structure of international system differentiatesbetween the actors constituting the system and there is a lackof a realistic recognition of the nature of the structure, none ofthe approaches including realism, liberalism and constructivismis an appropriate choice in the study and analysis of the IslamicRepublic’s foreign policy. Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Comparative Study of Islamic and Realistic Approaches to International Theories (A Case Study: Balance of Powers)
  Seeros khandan Merdad Alhpour Rashid Rekabian
  10.22034/sej.2021.1897617.1239
  The purpose of the present study is to answer this basic question that from the perspective of methodology, ontology, and epistemology, what is the approach of either idealistic or Islamic theory to the balance of power in the realm of international relations? The metho More

  The purpose of the present study is to answer this basic question that from the perspective of methodology, ontology, and epistemology, what is the approach of either idealistic or Islamic theory to the balance of power in the realm of international relations? The method of study is descriptive analysis and it relies on the hypothesis that since the Islamic approach emphasizes on value and ethical issues, contrary to other macro international schools specially realism that is utilitarian and power-centered, therefore it can be stated that the Islamic approach to the subject of power equilibrium in the international realm is peaceful and at the same time against hegemony and political domination. The results of the study showed that Islam as a global religion has a special approach to the essence of international relations that is different from realism. The existing schools in international relations have different ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations that determine their approach to the international system and as a result their viewpoint about the essence of international relations is distinct from each other. From anthropological view, the epistemological approach of the Islamic theory to international relations is not as pessimist as realism, but rather it maintains that human essence is a combination of instinct and nature, religious politics, and the theory of divine government so the overriding principle in international relations is the nobility of peace. The most important distinction between the Islamic and realistic approach to international relations lie in the epistemological foundations of the Islamic theory by which it could have represented an interpretation of the essence of international relations that corresponds more to the realities in the world.   Manuscript profile
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  3 - The Principle of Resorting to Force in International Relations
  Abbas   Foladi Maryam Moradi Mohsen   Dianat
  The purpose of the present study is to review the principle of resorting to force from the view of international relations. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that resorting to force by any country against another one is condemned from th More

  The purpose of the present study is to review the principle of resorting to force from the view of international relations. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that resorting to force by any country against another one is condemned from the view of international documents including the United Nations Charter. No country is allowed to use force in international relations unless it is attacked and wants to defend itself by resorting to force. Peaceful intervention and resorting to force is permitted only if the Security Council of the United Nation detects a systematic and extensive fault in human rights which is threatening and against international peace and security. Resorting to force which involves threatening or using force without the official permission of the Security Council is regarded as a definite violation of the United Nations Charter. In case of violation of national sovereignty or human rights by any of the United Nations members, the principle of resorting to force in international relations should be applied with special care so that it won’t be regarded as a violation and unilateral application of force by more powerful countries. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Essence and Nature of International Agents from the View of International Relations Theories (Positivism, Moderate Approaches, and Post-Structuralism)
  Majid Dashtgerd Vahab Abbasi
  10.22034/sej.2021.1933678.1348
  The subject of the essence and nature of international relations' agents is an ontological and philosophical discussion which deals with the analysis of the identity of public relations' agents and attempts to answer the following questions: Who are agents of internatio More

  The subject of the essence and nature of international relations' agents is an ontological and philosophical discussion which deals with the analysis of the identity of public relations' agents and attempts to answer the following questions: Who are agents of international relations? And what purposes and intentions do they have? And how do they perceive the world of international relations and themselves? The main purpose of the present research is to review these issues from the view of triplet approaches in international relations, that is to say, positivism (neorealism, neoliberalism, and neoclassical realism), moderate approaches (constructivism, critical theory, and English school of international relations theory), and post-structuralism (postmodernism). Indeed the main research question of the present study is: What is the perception of triplet approaches in international relations about the essence and nature of international relations' agents? The research method relies on a sort of comparative and qualitative study as it is attempted to reinforce the research hypothesis and perspective using some experimental evidence and logical arguments. The results showed that positivists have reflected a pre-social attitude while moderate approaches have offered a social and historical view, and poststructuralists have represented a mobile and pluralistic perception of the essence of the international agents. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Political Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and India from a Constructivist Perspective: Opportunities and Challenges
  seyed javad Ahmadi Hasan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan
  10.22034/sej.2023.1991066.1552
  The present study aims to examine the political relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and India from a constructivist perspective. The research method is descriptive-explanatory, and it seeks to answer the questions: What perceptions do the foreign policy agent More

  The present study aims to examine the political relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and India from a constructivist perspective. The research method is descriptive-explanatory, and it seeks to answer the questions: What perceptions do the foreign policy agents of Iran and India have of each other? And what are the opportunities and challenges in this relationship? The study is based on the hypothesis that the identity structure derived from the Islamic Revolution of Iran, which has extended to a structural-agent order in foreign policy, conflicts with the neoliberalism chosen by India's foreign policymakers and the ruling party. Thus, this difference in identity foundations and the structural-agent relationship in both domestic and international systems has created challenges and opportunities for both countries. Consequently, after the Islamic Revolution and Iran's withdrawal from the CENTO alliance and alignment with the West, and its joining the Non-Aligned Movement, of which India was a founding member, there was significant hope in the Islamic Republic of Iran for improved relations with India due to shared identity stemming from peaceful foreign policy and pacifism (Nehruism), which was based on non-alignment with major powers and solidarity with weaker countries. However, after the end of the Cold War and the paradigm shift in India's foreign policy from Nehruvian idealism to realism, changes in normative-identity foundations, the marginalization of the National Congress Party, the victory of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and closer ties with the West, the relations cooled. Therefore, it appears that the foreign policymakers of Iran and India may not be able to find intersubjective identity resources and shared values and norms to develop relations at a strategic level, which could be a challenge in the relations between the two countries. Manuscript profile
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  6 - A Study of the Soft Power Role of Sport Diplomacy in the Success of the Foreign Policy Objectives of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  Mohammad Bidgoli
  10.22034/sej.2023.1990902.1550
  The purpose of the present research is to study the soft power role of sport diplomacy in the success of the foreign policy objectives in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that sport diplomacy improves foreign policy strategies and obje More

  The purpose of the present research is to study the soft power role of sport diplomacy in the success of the foreign policy objectives in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that sport diplomacy improves foreign policy strategies and objectives of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that constructive cooperation between executive organizations in the country and using the potential of international sport by them can improve the existing situation and as a result we would be optimist to the betterment of Iran’s sport diplomacy. Islamic Republic of Iran due to having the potential capacity of sport can form its athletic diplomacy and apply it as an efficient means to improve international decency, Islamic Republic of Iran’s soft power, collaboration in regional peace and security, positive impact, attraction of public thoughts, removal of disputes, and international peace in the world. It is recommended that sport management takes place in a strategic field. It means that a 16 to 20-year-old plan and policy be compiled to be as a practical guide for the senior sport managers in the country. Therefore, personal taste and individualism would be avoided in the sport management and the country would be guided toward excellent purposes. Manuscript profile
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  7 - An Identity-Centered Approach to Russia’s Balanced Policy toward Islamic Countries in the Middle East: A Case Study of Iran and Saudi Arabia (2011-2020)
  Sayed Razzagh Moghimi Davoud Kiani Mahdi Javdani Moghaddam
  10.22034/sej.2022.1957305.1451
  The purpose of the present research is to study effective criteria on Russia’s policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East after Arab revolutions. In this regard, the main research question of the current study is: what factors have led Russia to adopt a b More

  The purpose of the present research is to study effective criteria on Russia’s policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East after Arab revolutions. In this regard, the main research question of the current study is: what factors have led Russia to adopt a balanced policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East during 2011-2020? Moreover, the research relies on the hypothesis that during that the above time period, Russia, on the one hand, assisted Shi’ite groups led by Iran to fight against excommunication (Takfiri) terrorism, and on the other hand, expanded its relations with Sunni Muslim countries in order to prevent stimulation of religious fundamentalism in its Muslim republics. The current study which was conducted by a descriptive analytic method in the theoretical framework of constructivism, presents a rather distinctive analysis of the essence of Russia’s relations with middle eastern Islamic countries after Arab revolutions. The results indicate that since Arabic revolutions in 2011 and formation of new groups in the regional and international level in the Middle East, especially the Syrian crisis that initiated a new stage in Russia’s relations with the Islamic world, Moscow has attempted to adopt a balanced policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East to remove the danger of Islamic extremism, avoid tension with those countries and reinforce relationship with them. Therefore, it is expected that Russia highlights the role of Islam in its foreign policy and that Russian politicians show more interest in constructive collaboration with middle eastern Islamic countries. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Transformation and Smartization of the U.S Military Power Strategy in the Persian Gulf Region (2001-2022)
  Ali Asghar Ghaffari Cherati Hasan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan Siraki
  10.22034/sej.2023.1960452.1471
  The present study aims to answer how transformation and smartization of the U.S military power strategy has been conducted in the Persian Gulf region since 2001. The research relies on the hypothesis that consequences and high costs of the U.S military strategies during More

  The present study aims to answer how transformation and smartization of the U.S military power strategy has been conducted in the Persian Gulf region since 2001. The research relies on the hypothesis that consequences and high costs of the U.S military strategies during the presidency of George W. Bush, under the influence of hard power, made later presidents in the country to follow the strategy of smart power. Along with military presence, they also attempted to rebuild the U.S deteriorated image in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf region by some strategies like diplomacy, trade, foreign assistance, and propagation of their values. The research method was content analysis and the results showed that consequences of the U.S military intervention in the Persian Gulf revealed strategic limitations of Washington’s hard power policy during the Bush presidency. Thus, Barack Obama and later presidents in the country emphasized on the simultaneous use of hard and soft power, under the title of smart power. Although their approaches were different, their most important smart and common objective was to intelligently change power balance in the Persian Gulf region, in favor of the U.S and against Iran, by coalition between Israel and Arabic countries especially Saudi Arabia and UAE in the region. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Tourism Development and Human Rights
  Davood Ghahremani
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  10 - Investigating strategies and consequences on improving the cooperation of the football federation in international relations
  mostafa mostafapour mozafar yektayar mozhgan khodamoradpour meisam allahmoradi
  The purpose of the current research was to investigate the strategies and consequences of improving the cooperation of the football federation in international relations, the research was a part of applied research in terms of the purpose of the research, and in terms o More

  The purpose of the current research was to investigate the strategies and consequences of improving the cooperation of the football federation in international relations, the research was a part of applied research in terms of the purpose of the research, and in terms of its descriptive nature and from the perspective of the variables, it was a mixed exploratory research. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 12 experts in the field of sports diplomacy and international relations; The members of the academic staff of sports management in the country and the officials of international relations of the football federation were selected by the criteria method; And in the quantitative part, based on Morgan's table, 129 people from the governors and the football board of the provinces and experts in charge of the football federation were selected as a statistical sample using the available method. The analysis of the findings of the qualitative part was done based on theme analysis with Max Kyuda 10 software and the quantitative part was done based on the structural equation model based on Lisrel analysis software. The findings of the qualitative part showed that the factors of strategies and consequences are the most important factors affecting the model of effective inter-organizational communication in sports in the Iranian Football Federation, and the quantitative part confirmed all the qualitative parts based on the model of the structural equation model. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Social harms and pathology of international relations in Imam Khomeini's will and jurisprudential advice to deal with them
  sef allah Karim zadeh Abbas Ali Abbas Ali Heidari mahmood ghayom zadeh hosein chosravi
  The present study seeks to explain some of the harms to the community and international relations that are mentioned in Imam Khomeini's will and subsequently follow the recommended solutions in Islamic jurisprudence according to its sources (Quran, hadiths, reason) More

  The present study seeks to explain some of the harms to the community and international relations that are mentioned in Imam Khomeini's will and subsequently follow the recommended solutions in Islamic jurisprudence according to its sources (Quran, hadiths, reason). , Consensus) to confront and treat them. Given that the social and international approach to the will has been somewhat neglected, it is necessary to address it in this study. Social harm is any obstacle that harms the process of social development of the society. The Imam, first of all, considers the defense of the country as one of the most important duties and is proud of the existence of women and men defending the homeland. Centers consider corruption, prostitution, and moral decay to be especially organized, harmful, and destructive to the younger generation. He goes on to address another social evil called lawlessness Manuscript profile
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  12 - The Role of Chabahar Port in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  ghasem arbabi Rahmat Hajimineh Yaser Kahrazeh
  Today, the role of ports as the most pervasive route of trade transit is of great importance in the foreign policy relations of countries in the world of politics, and Iran is no exception. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and analyzing t More

  Today, the role of ports as the most pervasive route of trade transit is of great importance in the foreign policy relations of countries in the world of politics, and Iran is no exception. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and analyzing the capacities and impact of Chabahar port in adopting Iran's political approaches in the region and the international system It also explains the opportunities and challenges ahead from a critical geopolitical perspective. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library information is by emphasizing and citing political and commercial reports and documents. The findings of this study indicate that one of the most basic criteria of regional and international political relations of Iran regarding countries such as Pakistan, India, China and Afghanistan is explained based on the development policies of Chabahar port. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Realization of human security through security in international political economy.
  Hadi Masoudifar Alireza Arashpoor masoud Raei Dehaghi
  Considering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems n More

  Considering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems necessary to provide a new classification of the concept of human security to be more compatible with current realities in the development of international trade. Accordingly, it is necessary, first, to examine transition from the concept of national security towards economic security, then, suggest and explain modern concepts in the field of human security. Accordingly, in the present research, the concept of human security has transited from merely military and environmental necessities and, in a modern approach, is considered in the form of the concept of international trade with the aim of protecting the trade data. Also, in this research, edited based on inductive method and library studies, the prevention principle is considered, as a modern method, to prevent trade data and intellectual property from being leaked to trade security to be realized. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Investigating the role of game theory and artificial intelligence in international relations
  Zahra Sharifzadeh Amirhooshang Mirkooshesh mohammadmehdi hosseini
  In all human behavioral spectrums, Politics is the most difficult behavior that can be automated. Politics is inherently complex, reflecting the complexity of human behavior both as an individual and in the social dimension. This complexity seems much more real at the l More

  In all human behavioral spectrums, Politics is the most difficult behavior that can be automated. Politics is inherently complex, reflecting the complexity of human behavior both as an individual and in the social dimension. This complexity seems much more real at the level of international relations. Artificial intelligence is an influential and pervasive field that scope is not only related to technical and engineering issues, but also includes the fields of humanities, especially international peace and security. Using game theory as part of artificial intelligence in the field of political science and international relations is concentrated in common areas such as equitable distribution, political economy, public choice, war bargaining, positive policy theory, and public choice theory. In each of these areas, researchers have developed game theory models in which player models are often represented in the form of voters, governments, special interest groups, and politicians. Therefore, in this research the role of game theory in international relations will be investigated. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Applied foreign policy rulings in the field of international relations, from the perspective of the Supreme Leader
  mohammad pourghorban
  Dealing with the humanities, regardless of its Islamic and immaterial aspects, can plunge human minds into a vortex that makes it difficult to get rid of. However, in this way, man may find his possessions lost. One of the most perverted and dangerous branches of the hu More

  Dealing with the humanities, regardless of its Islamic and immaterial aspects, can plunge human minds into a vortex that makes it difficult to get rid of. However, in this way, man may find his possessions lost. One of the most perverted and dangerous branches of the humanities is the branch of political science and its tendencies, which, in order not to address them from a religious, value and immaterial point of view, usually remain untouched and untouched. Suspicion interprets it and finally executes it. Addressing current political issues, examining the situation in different parts of the world, international relations and foreign policy of countries are among the branches of political science in which the capacity for rulings is very wide and at the same time necessary. Dealing with how this ruling is made, entering the second forty years of the revolution, from the perspective of the wise jurist of the revolution, can have a double aspect. In this research, we seek to extract the jurisprudential thinking applicable to foreign policy from His Holiness Leh's point of view in a descriptive-analytical manner and using library resources. Addressing the three important principles of dignity, wisdom and expediency in foreign policy and based on Islamic standards, can provide the grounds for the formation of foreign policy. Manuscript profile
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  16 - Development in International Relations from Rationalism to Reflectivism
  Seyed Ali Monavari
  Abstract: It is well-known that the reflectivist perspective represents the ideational turn in the contemporary international relations. In this context, one can reflect on the strands of theorizing which revolved around the meta-theoretical commitments to the triad mod More

  Abstract: It is well-known that the reflectivist perspective represents the ideational turn in the contemporary international relations. In this context, one can reflect on the strands of theorizing which revolved around the meta-theoretical commitments to the triad modes of ontology, epistemology and methodology. In this paper the author tries to apply the philosophical insights of two conspicuous masters of twenty century philosophers, Husserl and Heidegger to take a critical reflection on, and so deconstruct the situation of reflectivism in IR. In author’s view development in the perspectives of theorizing in international relations, the metaphysics of rationalism based on the endless game of sovereignty and anarchy concerning anarchical international system of the sovereign states has been translated into the meta-physics of reflectivism representing the meta-theoretical questions. Drawing on Husserl and Heidegger points of view, especially conceptions of intentionality and temporality, the author reduces meta-theory/ meta-physics of the contemporary international relations to theorist by shifting to her or his instead of theory. To sum up, theorist’s understanding of the meaning of contemporary International Relations is contingent upon her or his temporally shared being-ness horizon with the other humans/ beings, and subsequently, her or his knowledge of them depends on their temporality. The methodology used in the paper in content analysis and the collection of data is by library material. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Critical analysis of the book entitled "Theories of international Relations"
  Mohammad Reza Aghareb parast
  Abstract: “Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries More

  Abstract: “Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries to analyze the relations among actors in international relations. Although the philosophical approach of the writers cased ambiguity, and insufficient explanation about the great debates especially the methodological one can be considered as flaws of the book, but great logical order and good explanation about new approaches such as International ethics makes this book a suitable book for understanding theories of international Relations. In fact, the verity of the writers caused different ideas and thoughts to be gathered and analyzed in one masterpieces and a good introduction made it understandable for readers. The book is a comprehensive explanation about different approaches and theories in international relations and can be useful for post graduate students. Manuscript profile
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  18 - A Theoretical Framework for Analyzing the Behavior of ISIS
  bahador aminian seyed hesam aldin zamani
  Abstract ISIS group as a new demonstration of extremist fundamentalism has committed numerous crimes in Iraq, Syria and other countries under the pretext of reviving Islamic Caliphate. The ISIS as an effective actor in international relations and has played an increasi More

  Abstract ISIS group as a new demonstration of extremist fundamentalism has committed numerous crimes in Iraq, Syria and other countries under the pretext of reviving Islamic Caliphate. The ISIS as an effective actor in international relations and has played an increasing role in current international arena. Therefore, the question is whether various international theories can explain the motives, objectives, method and behavior of this terrorist group? The finding of the study shows that the behavior of extremist religious group are not based on a logical or rationality model, therefore, it is not easy to understand, control or manage them. On the other hand their behavioral rules are not in accordance with most basic assumption of international relations theories. Thus none of the mainstream and midstream theories can comprehensively analyze their behavior. Nevertheless, concepts from constructivist analytical framework with a view to sociological, normative, identity and cultural factors with emphasis on the role of discourses can provide a better ground for analyzing the identity-ideological groups. The present article by taking the help of factors that strengthen the collective identity shows that historical humiliation, disillusionment and fear of discontinuity of their identity, hostile surrounding community and operating material atmosphere have led to extremely violent behavior by ISIS group. Manuscript profile
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  19 - Post-structuralism, Power and Crisis in International Relations' Theories: A Case Study of Human Security Concept
  حجت داوند Mohammad Davand
  Abstract: Nowadays the macro theories of international relations do not properly address the new problems aroused in world politics like ecological problems, hunger and migration. This has led to the formation of trends in international relations which their structure a More

  Abstract: Nowadays the macro theories of international relations do not properly address the new problems aroused in world politics like ecological problems, hunger and migration. This has led to the formation of trends in international relations which their structure and pattern do not conform to real world and scientific criteria. One of these trends is the concept of “human security”. The theorists of this concept do not have a consensus on its principles and the structure of human security. They consider the developing countries as a source of threat against human security without producing enough scientific evidences. Now the question arises that how one can analyze the relation of power and the crisis of theorizing in international relations? By examining the basis of postmodern paradigm regarding human security and the power-knowledge relation it becomes clear that the important role of industrialized nations and capitalist system are neglected. Therefore, their explanation of the concept of human security does not conform to scientific criteria and thus cannot help theorizing this concept in international relations properly.    Manuscript profile
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  20 - The Role of Religion in Human Relations and International Relations
  Javad Dehghani
  Abstract Following the developments of recent decades, once again religion as an important and effective factor has entered social affairs and as a result secularism’s authority has been challenged in all spheres. This important development, not only focused the More

  Abstract Following the developments of recent decades, once again religion as an important and effective factor has entered social affairs and as a result secularism’s authority has been challenged in all spheres. This important development, not only focused the attention on the role of religion in political relations of human societies, rather many believe that despite the prevailing notion, religion has always been present in human societies and has acted in human life in different ways. This role can be positive and negative, positive in order to achieve peace and negative by fueling tensions. In response to the fact that how religion is continuously acting in public sphere in general and in international relations in particular following hypothesis is propounded. Religion is an old institute, as old as human’s creation and it provides a framework within which man can think and live and it affects his life in a variety of ways. Therefore, secularism cannot deny the authority of religion in man’s life and in practice secularism is directly and indirectly under the influence of religion. In a way following changes in circumstances and human societies it again affects all aspects of human life and revives its authority. Manuscript profile
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  21 - (Impact of Security Dilemma on Rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia)
  ebrahim eram amin ravanbod
  10.30495/pir.2020.679936
  Authors of this research have tried to understand the role of security dilemma in the context of Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry. The main question is that how security dilemma has impacted the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia. The main hypothesis is that the severity of More

  Authors of this research have tried to understand the role of security dilemma in the context of Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry. The main question is that how security dilemma has impacted the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia. The main hypothesis is that the severity of security dilemma has exacerbated the rivalry and tension between Iran and Saudi Arabia. It is tried to define an explanatory status of security dilemma and its level of impact on this rivalry in the pre- and post-Islamic Revolution era. The research method of this paper is descriptive-analytical with emphasis on theoretical analysis. This research, based on rational theory of international relations, finds that security dilemma between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the post-Islamic Revolution era is much more severe than pre-Islamic Revolution but the moderate level of security dilemma between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the pre-Islamic Revolution had a determining impact on lack of deep and serious cooperation between the two countries. The severe level of security dilemma between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the post-Islamic Revolution era has had a facilitating impact on rivalry between the two countries. Manuscript profile
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  22 - The importance of soft power in international relations; From China's cultural exports to the Middle East to the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China agreement
  Seyed Hassan Mirfakhraei Farhad Farahani
  International relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy o More

  International relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy of countries. China's emerging power is trying to export its cultural industries and penetrate as deeply as possible in the MiddleEast in order to strengthen its soft power.The importance of this Chinese strategy can be seen in the cooperation document with Iran.At the same time, the identity and cultural opportunities contained in this agreement have the potential to expand Iran's soft power in the international system.Therefore, the purpose of this study is with descriptive-explanatory method and using library texts and available data to answer the main question, how does China's cultural exports to the Middle East and the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China Cooperation Agreement highlight the role of soft power in international relations?This hypothesis is raised in response to this question: China's investment in the distribution of identity products in the Middle East and the cultural opportunities resulting from the 25-year cooperation agreement for Iran, express the need for governments to pay attention to the concept of soft power. Manuscript profile
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  23 - An Analysis of the Chinese School of International Relations: Moral Realism
  nozar shafiee
  10.30495/pir.2022.1958015.3502
  The purpose of this article is to review the theory of international relations from the perspective of Chinese scholars. One of the most important Chinese theories of international relations is moral realism, which originates from the Tsinghua school. The main question More

  The purpose of this article is to review the theory of international relations from the perspective of Chinese scholars. One of the most important Chinese theories of international relations is moral realism, which originates from the Tsinghua school. The main question of this article is what is the attitude of this theory in international relations? Moral realism seeks to show why and how an emerging power such as China can replace existing hegemonic power. As one of the pioneers of moral realism, Yan Xuetong sees the cause of this issue as a quality of political leadership. Active and pioneering political leadership as an essential element of a country's political strength can, by adhering to state and global ethics, multiply a nation's comprehensive national strength (resulting from political, economic, cultural, military capability) in an emerging country, increase its international authority, and ultimately place it in the leadership position of the international order. Manuscript profile
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  24 - Analysis of the relationship and position of the countries on the basis of THE imperialism and development in the arena of international relations
  mohanadreza maili
  10.30495/pir.2020.671828
  Since the France Great Revolution (1789) until now, relation between states and nations has become increasingly important and expanding. These relations base on political and legal framework as well as specific concept are separable. If we want to highlight two concepts More

  Since the France Great Revolution (1789) until now, relation between states and nations has become increasingly important and expanding. These relations base on political and legal framework as well as specific concept are separable. If we want to highlight two concepts or key-terms in relations between states and societies from the 19th century until now; they are IMPERIALISM and DEVELOPMENT. The division of states in the arena of international relations in 19th century until now is based on concepts of indicators of imperialism & development.This article is trying to rely on these two concepts and hereby analyzes the relations and positions between states and societies in the history bed of international relations. This analysis is against to one-sided debates that are thoroughly with negative, contentious and based on unilateral view (including Marxists and leftist to European nationalism and capitalism) which considers the opposite side as the factor of evil and depravity and in return ideologically but not scientifically analyzes the history and the relations between states and societies. Manuscript profile
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  25 - From Cultural Relations to Cultural Theory of International Relations: A Review of Culture in International Relations
  Farhad Atai Nasim Sadat Vasei Zadeh
  After decades of neglecting the role of culture in international relations, in recent years again attention has been paid to this factor. Nevertheless, once the discussion about the role and place of culture in international relations and politics arises there are diffe More

  After decades of neglecting the role of culture in international relations, in recent years again attention has been paid to this factor. Nevertheless, once the discussion about the role and place of culture in international relations and politics arises there are different and at time misleading interpretation about the concept. The aim of the present article is to identify the links between culture and international relations. For this reason the article examines different texts which have focused on the subjects of culture and international relations. The study shows that although the scope of culture includes cultural policy priorities in foreign policy and thus cultural relations of nations, it is far from being limited to that. The impact of culture on foreign policy decision making, the role of cultural differences, as in looking into international system, in making misunderstandings, disputes and conflicts cover some other aspects of the relevancy. Finally the classification comes to an end by reviewing Ned Lebow’s cultural theory of international relations Manuscript profile
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  26 - The Relations of Identity and Interest in Foreign Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran
  Mohammad Jaafar Javadi Arjmand
  The foreign policy of different countries can be evaluated on the basis of several approaches. According to constructivist approach the structure of international system and the foreign policy behavior of the countries are not something predetermined but it is the outco More

  The foreign policy of different countries can be evaluated on the basis of several approaches. According to constructivist approach the structure of international system and the foreign policy behavior of the countries are not something predetermined but it is the outcome of constant interaction of structures and actors which act according to their subjective value system and eventually create a reality in a common mentality. In reply to the question that the relation between constructivism and foreign policy can be analyzed one can say that the relations between identity and interests in foreign policy behavior or Islamic Republic of Iran can be studies within the framework of the triple orders viz. realistic, liberalistic and constructivist. The finding of the study shows that among the foreign policy behavior of the Islamic Republic of Iran indexes and the triple orders, the constructivist approach is more prominent due to her normative and revisionist behavior. Manuscript profile
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  27 - Crisis Recreation in the Middle East SecurityStructure: Towards Identifying a Super Crisis
  Mehdi Abedi
  This article points to a permanent concern in ME's security which is called 'crisis recreation' and emphasizes on that as a central nucleus.The major focus of this study is to understand the nature of this super crisis and its recreation in other critical ME'S condition More

  This article points to a permanent concern in ME's security which is called 'crisis recreation' and emphasizes on that as a central nucleus.The major focus of this study is to understand the nature of this super crisis and its recreation in other critical ME'S conditions. In Contrast to common approaches namely International Society the or British School of International Relations in which in spite of structural obstacles, convergence and public discipline are attainable, this article proposes a neorealistic approach within the conceptual framework of anarchy in international system. In this way, although, there are a series the common cultural-historical values and geopolitical-economic interests among ME states to materialize convergence and public discipline, the ME structure seems to be conflicting and anarchic. The theoretical approach of this study considers this anarchic structure as the consequence of the Zionist's incomplete forming regime, and categorizes the main origin of all these disputes on this political fact. It is supposed that this phenomenon in other levels of governmental and non-governmental performers is recreated and caused the genesis of disordered structures. The concept of super crisis implies realigod a central point which has a feature and can recreate other forms of challenges in the ME. The the Greater Middle East plan can not be reveals in the presence of this crisis. [Adopting a reductionist approach towards this critical structure in the region helps to understand the reasons of unfulfilled great ME project.] Manuscript profile
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  28 - Multiplicity and Diversity of Conceptions in International Relations at Different Periods
  dayan janbaz Roholah Malakei
  Abstract: The fast and quick developments of global politics in globalization and information and communication technology era on the one hand and theoretical developments associated with this evolution on the other hand have made profound impact on international relat More

  Abstract: The fast and quick developments of global politics in globalization and information and communication technology era on the one hand and theoretical developments associated with this evolution on the other hand have made profound impact on international relations and its sub branches. These developments on its turn prepared the ground for defining and examining concepts in discourses and paradigms multiplicity and diversity of new concepts in international relations, studying human action and the practices of international actors and its impact on this field. Therefore, one cannot have a deep understanding of the subjects and method of comprehension of international relations until examines the developments in concepts and the place of semantic multiplicity and also the impact of theoretical diversity on semantic multiplicity and concept development. Therefore,  the hypothesis of article is that the developments of world politics and the semantic diversity associated with it prepares the ground for development in four fields, i.e. the science of international relations, fundamental concepts, semantic affairs and thematic scope which the present research deals with it.   Manuscript profile
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  29 - The Methodology of Constructivism in International Relations
  Jahangir Moeini Alamdari Abdollah Rasekhi
  In the present article after examining the supra theoretical foundations, the view point of constructivism on international relations, foreign policy and culture are evaluated. It seems that a new constructivist epistemology and ontological debate is coming up in intern More

  In the present article after examining the supra theoretical foundations, the view point of constructivism on international relations, foreign policy and culture are evaluated. It seems that a new constructivist epistemology and ontological debate is coming up in international relations. The present article discusses the consequences of this debate for international order, international institutions, world culture and identities. The article raises the question that on what bases the constructive methodology operates? The underlying hypothesis is that in constructivism the reality is derived from subjective social foundation and it is the product of the interaction of the structure-agent and then the consequences of this interpretation of the analysis of international relations and the performance of the governments in international politics are examined and finally the function of culture in the constructivist formation of international system is studied. Manuscript profile
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  30 - اهمیت تجارت در استقرار و توسعه روابط بین الملل
  Ibrahim Sanjar
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  31 - The Concept of Power in International Relations
  Reza Kaviani
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  32 - Identity and Foreign Policy
  Ebrahim Anoosheh
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  33 - The Role of Culture in International Relations Theories
  Yosef Shahmohammadi Hassan Khodaverdi
  z

  z Manuscript profile
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  34 - Analysis of Ahmadinejad Government's Foreign Policy According to the Critical Theory of International Relations
  Mohammad Ali Tavana Tooraj Rahmani Hamed Eslami
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  35 - The Responsibility to Protect Doctrine: The Gap Between Expectations and Realities
  Aghil Mohammadi Mehrdad Halalkhor
  The inability of the international community to face seriously with Widespread and organized human rights violations as well as difficulties in and justifying the legal foundations of humanitarian intervention triggered a doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" doctrine More

  The inability of the international community to face seriously with Widespread and organized human rights violations as well as difficulties in and justifying the legal foundations of humanitarian intervention triggered a doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" doctrine. In the light of the modification of the "principle of non-interference" and the attempt to redefine the concept of "national sovereignty", the main idea of this doctrine is that as a result of the development of international human rights norms and the idea of "Human Security", sovereignty assumes the primary responsibility of protecting its citizens that in the event of unwillingness or inability to act, the international community is responsible. This article from the perspective of international relations and based on a descriptive-analytical method, answers the question that what challenges does the effectiveness of the doctrine of protectionist responsibility face? the responsibility to protect doctrine? The hypothesis of the present article is that doubts about the meaning and nature of this doctrine, the possibility of using it as a tool to intervene in states, as well as its weaknesses in the implementation phase, are the most important challenges of the doctrine of responsibility to protect. In the light of this critique, this article concludes that the complexities and conceptual conflicts, as well as the practical challenges of implementing this doctrine, have cast doubt on its effectiveness in establishing a new international order and the dynamics of international relations in the face of human rights crises. Manuscript profile
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  36 - The Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation
  Asghar Hasanvand Habibollah Abolhasan Shirazi Alireza Soltani Mojtaba Maghsudi
  The Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation Abstract Social capital is one of the new Found Concepts In Inter discipline studies the it has Consider also international relations studies under of "internationa More

  The Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation Abstract Social capital is one of the new Found Concepts In Inter discipline studies the it has Consider also international relations studies under of "international social Capital that . Immaturity emerged and of the in the conceptual and resulting from the complexity and neglect in the conceptual and theoretical development has caused its that have a real station yet. for this reason the preliminary and passing Consider of some researcher with international social capital, with respect the background that has been domestic, the mentioned idea to‌be a strange debates in international relations and a rule that is inconsistent and lacks conceptual and theoretical aford ability it seems. The purpose of this article is promate clear up the conceptual and theoretical dibit of this component in theoretical studies of international relations. This research has been done by using the analytical- describptivea Method and also using library Resources, and this is the question this article: What is the theoretical and conceptual basis of international social capital in discourse of international relations? The results show that, social capital is a metaphorical gem which according to the ratio and scope of new concepts of international relations with consept abstract and metaphorical concepts international social capital is also developed and conceptually and theoretically be descripted explained by relying on the metaphorical structures of the origin field,there is a conceptual and theoretical. Keyword: Social Capital" international social Capital"metaphor" international relations" international Society" Manuscript profile
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  37 - Cultural Diplomacy and the Role of Friendship Communities in International Relations
  Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi
  Abstract: The role of nongovernmental organizations is, in fact, the crystallization of the formal and organized presence of a country's people in foreign relations and the interactive process of the international community; hence friendship associations are among the m More

  Abstract: The role of nongovernmental organizations is, in fact, the crystallization of the formal and organized presence of a country's people in foreign relations and the interactive process of the international community; hence friendship associations are among the most effective actors in the field of public diplomacy. Recent developments in the international arena illustrate the fact that the role of friendship associations and popular institutions and unofficial organizations in the global equilibrium is expanding, and along with that, the role of governments in this connection is shrinking. Since they are involved in two key areas, namely, relations between nations and the international environment, their field of activity is very broad and wide-ranging. Today, the mere pursuit of classical practices does not in any way meet the needs of modern diplomacy. Increasing the ability to access large volumes of information and the speed of their transmission to audiences around the globe has challenged foreign policy management by governments. Traditional hierarchical models, in the light of communication technology, unwittingly translate their role into complex and uncontrolled networks, and diplomacy can be interpreted in an interlocking mechanism of government, the media, and public opinion. On the other hand, undoubtedly, for a long time, the pre-emptive era of hard power has passed, and in the modern and postmodern world, what more than any other factor determines the direction and process of affairs in the relations between states, and in particular the nations, the power of thought, dialogue, Pen, mutual understanding, and human communication. Achieving political, security and economic goals has always been one of the main goals of countries in formulating and enforcing its foreign policy. In order to study these goals, countries have traditionally embraced diplomacy based on political, military, and economic approaches. Nevertheless, in the early years of the third millennium, relatively new approaches to diplomacy have been put forward, with more attention and more emphasis recommends strategies and tools for foreign policy officials and designers. This article aims to explore cultural diplomacy as the role of friendship associations in international relations and the impact of cultural factors on diplomacy and how to effectively use "soft power" in advancing diplomacy in countries. Manuscript profile
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  38 - Secularization and Desecularization in Theory of International Relations
  Mojtaba Abdkhodaei
  DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1398.12.45.5.6
  Over the past few decades, critical theories in international politics, believing that the analytical deficiencies of this field are rooted in the analytic constraints of the prevailing current, criticized positivist (rational), rational, materialist, and domineering an More

  Over the past few decades, critical theories in international politics, believing that the analytical deficiencies of this field are rooted in the analytic constraints of the prevailing current, criticized positivist (rational), rational, materialist, and domineering and steadfast attitudes toward the flow of ideas and emphasized the need for transformation in The world of Western-oriented attitudes has emphasized international relations theories and have emboldened post-truthful, reflective, imaginative, and emancipatory attitudes, and the source of analytic inability has returned many of the ideas to the above-mentioned factors. However, they are less concerned with the root and origins of the dimensions of these challenging factors in what the fundamental foundations are, and what is its relation to the secularization process of this science? This paper, with the idea that the materialist view of international relations, which is the legacy of the authoritarian rule of secularism in this field, is one of the factors contributing to the emergence of analytical challenges of existing international relations theories, attempts to draw the share of secularism in the emergence of these deficiencies and Demonstrates how the process of secularization of international relations science has redefined the opportunity for a free thinker to analyze objective facts from theories of this science, and the origin of what critical theories take over the dominant microcosm is rooted in the secularization process of this trend. He also states that his critical currents have not been immune from the pest because of adherence to secularism. Manuscript profile
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  39 - Delivery of constructivist theory from international relations to political science topics
  Majid Hosseini Sayadnavard mohammadreza mayeli
  A common feature among constructivists is the attention to the formative and structured relationship between structure and agent. Now the question is whether it is possible to use the components and research variables of constructivist theory in the field of internal st More

  A common feature among constructivists is the attention to the formative and structured relationship between structure and agent. Now the question is whether it is possible to use the components and research variables of constructivist theory in the field of internal studies of a country and in the field of political science? On the other hand, considering that the main sources of ontology and epistemology of constructivism in the field of international relations research are in the fields of sociology, psychology and philosophy of science, it is possible that among the various branches of constructivism, total constructivism Used orientalism in explaining the internal issues of a country and in this way the nature and continuity of power relations; Identity sources of domestic and foreign policy; The role of identity components in daily life and popular beliefs and political culture; Investigating power relations based on identity and cultural components; The role of media, social networks and globalization in daily life, political beliefs and governance in a country; Examining the sources of sustained legitimacy of a political, formative and structured system of relations between the structure and the agent in a country; Can be considered as the most important fields of research in political science based on constructivist theory. Due to the fundamental and at the same time practical purpose of the research subject, the methodology of the research is interpretive and interpretive in which in order to answer the main question of the hypothesis, the library, documentary and historical research methods are inductive, comparative and in Some interrogative cases are used. Manuscript profile
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  40 - The Theoretical Foundations of the Alliance of NATO after the Cold War
  Hosein Salimi Hassan Eyvazzadeh
  Abstract The formation and alliance of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the Cold war era, especially after the war, had been one of the keys and controversial issues of the international relations researchers. The explanation for the reasons of formation and More

  Abstract The formation and alliance of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the Cold war era, especially after the war, had been one of the keys and controversial issues of the international relations researchers. The explanation for the reasons of formation and alliance of this organization is formed in three theories which are, realism (classic and new), liberalism (classic and new) also social constructivism, in different ways. This article, meanwhile investigates weight of each of these three theories, it is trying to present a theoretical framework compilation which is able to be a more efficient explanation of the alliance of NATO, especially after the cold war. Based on combined framework, in analyzing the causes of the continuation and development of this organization, we must consider the factors like; the anarchic structure of the international system, the polarity of the international system, the role of major powers in the system, the position of the international institutions as well as the internal factors and forces and the domestic policy in the process of formation and alliance of the unions like NATO. Meanwhile, mental phenomena, material factors must be measured together and be investigated entirely. In this kind of explanation, different factors at different levels, to understand trends alliance of NATO are considered. Eventually, in explaining this issue, the role of identity, especially the process identity which based on that, western identity with a particular interpretation of democratic values in front of non-western identity with different values is considered. In fact, this dual identity results to alliance the organizations like NATO that its aim is to protect the constructed identity in front of Lt. made identity. Manuscript profile
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  41 - Neo Pluralism as a New Post Westphalian State in the International System
  Mansour Salehi Mohammad Tohidfam
  DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1398.12.46.5.8
  One of the most important terms of political science is the concept of state. Governments in the international system are in contact with each other and all face difficulties. Since politics is always in the midst of political and realities, it has tried to provide solu More

  One of the most important terms of political science is the concept of state. Governments in the international system are in contact with each other and all face difficulties. Since politics is always in the midst of political and realities, it has tried to provide solutions to these problems in international relations. These solutions are regulated in the form of patterns for the government's mechanism in dealing with the problems. Our main question in this research is that "what mechanisms do the neo-pluralism government present in dealing with the post-cosmopolitan international system?" Using Springer's research approach, this research attempts to identify major issues of international relations in the present era and to provide solutions at the level of government analysis. According to Sprig's research approach, the crisis has always been the point where the solution to the crisis is to be presented. As always, theories of the "government" have been developed in this manner. Manuscript profile
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  42 - Interpretative Construction of Security in terms of Constructivism
  Hassan Eivazzadeh Ardebili
  Constructivism is as a new and exquisite view in the contemporary international relations. It seems to be as a mainstream alternative which can enough to stop the rationalist ideas that they pay. In this respect, the aim is security issue and its changes in the post Col More

  Constructivism is as a new and exquisite view in the contemporary international relations. It seems to be as a mainstream alternative which can enough to stop the rationalist ideas that they pay. In this respect, the aim is security issue and its changes in the post Cold War. The author attempts to evaluate the security issue in view of Constructivism which seem to indicate between different identities and security in interaction with the rules and norms intellectual and cultural world of contemporary international relations will be developed.   Manuscript profile
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  43 - Studying the Reasons for Weakness in Communication and Not Having a Seat in the International Football Federation
  Mostafa Mostafapour Mozafar Yektayar Mojghan Khodamoradpour Meisam Allahmoradi
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  44 - International Negotiation as an Intercultural Communication
  hasan bashir mohamadsadegh esmaeili hosaein sarafraz
         In this article, the subject-matter is how culture affects the international negotiation. While exploring the very concept, we attempt to extract a usable definition in this field. in the next step, this paper tries to explain the interc More

         In this article, the subject-matter is how culture affects the international negotiation. While exploring the very concept, we attempt to extract a usable definition in this field. in the next step, this paper tries to explain the intercultural communication based on significant cultural differences, according to our approach, that is the negotiation as an intercultural communication. Therefore, we describe the cultural approach in the international and foreign relations and try to demonstrate that those are some constructions of variety of nation-states’ cultures as actors in international relations scene.  In the next part, the issue of negotiation is stated as a current communicative process in international relations, while describing the process form and its content and the other various view-points in social sciences to it. Then we address the interaction between culture and negotiation by explaining variety of different cultural levels and elements that the very interaction influenced and engaged. Consequently, we focus on Iranian culture and its effect on negotiation based on Shmuel Bar`s study about Iranian culture and negotiate with Iranians in Herzliya public diplomacy document, the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and doctrines included in imam Khomeini`s commands as well.We introduce a model for any actor engaged in the negotiation process influenced by cultural context.   Manuscript profile
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  45 - Cultural Crisisology of International Relations in 2016 Based on Herman’s Crisis Cube Model
  Ehsan Taheri Hajivand
      Although the long-lasting hegemony of realism school on the theoretical part of international relations and existence of permanent gloomy shadow of war on human life which has led to World War, Cold War and at the present time, vicarious wars and terrori More

      Although the long-lasting hegemony of realism school on the theoretical part of international relations and existence of permanent gloomy shadow of war on human life which has led to World War, Cold War and at the present time, vicarious wars and terrorism and although it has allocated no place for non-political, non-military, and insecurity problems in international relations, this problem does not deny the role and significance of culture and cultural crises in international relations; therefore, it is inevitable for international relations to study and analyze the same. By posing the question “how are cultural crises in international relations in 2016 analyzed and interpreted based on Herman Crisis Cube Model?” and adopting qualitative content analysis based on the said model, the present study deals with the hypothesis that “destructions of Sa’a Qadima Church, Assyrian Ancient Wall, and some parts of Palmyra Castle have been among the previously planned and predictable crises containing severe threats with long-term effect that lead to cultural and identity clearing. In this regard, the destructions of New Delhi’s National Museum of Natural History, Puttingal Temple, Church of Sant'Agostino, and  as well as demolition of Rotbav Tower have been among the newly-emerged and shocking crises which have severe threats and long-term effect causing identity clearance. On the other hand, religious impatience in Myanmar and Bahrain are among the reflective and predictable crises with severe threats and short-term effects leading to religious clearings. Finally, the globalization project or process, refugees’ crisis and cultural invasion are among the planned and predictable crises with severe threats and long-term effect times which lead to destruction of cultural variety, violation of cultural security in Europe, and identity clearing.        Manuscript profile
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  46 - Discourse as an Effective Methodology in International Relations Studies
  Tayebeh Mohammadi kia عبدالمجید مبلغی
  Today Discourse is widely used in the social sciences. Discourse is generally known by Foucault name and as an Genealogy theory. But this theory has the same methodological applicability. This article studies the meaning of discourse, the views of influential thinkers a More

  Today Discourse is widely used in the social sciences. Discourse is generally known by Foucault name and as an Genealogy theory. But this theory has the same methodological applicability. This article studies the meaning of discourse, the views of influential thinkers and the Methodology of discourse. It also explains the possibilities of using Discourse as a methodology in the field of international relations. It discusses the methodology of Discourse as a Post-Structural Methodology in the international relations studying. This paper consists of two parts and each part includes different subjects. The first part, titled “Discourse as a theory and methodology”, includes subjects such as Foucault's Discourse and Genealogy and Archaeology. It also includes a methodological approach to discourse from the perspective of Laclau and Mouffe. The second part, titled "Using Discourse Methodology in International Relations Studies", includes the use of Discourse in the international relations Studies and the understanding of international relations from the Perspective of Discourse Methodology. Manuscript profile
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  47 - The Place of Security in the School of Copenhagen: A Framework for Analysis
  محمدتقی آذرشب مرتضی نجم آبادی رامین بخشی تلیابی
  Many international thinkers believe that discussing the security status of foreign countries is one of the key issues in understanding international relations. The end of the Cold War, the formation of a new world order, the emergence of transnational players and the su More

  Many international thinkers believe that discussing the security status of foreign countries is one of the key issues in understanding international relations. The end of the Cold War, the formation of a new world order, the emergence of transnational players and the supranational, the process of globalization, etc., led to a pro-active debate on security studies and its issues. In particular, the collapse of US-Soviet competition in the form of the Cold War, while transforming the political and security literature, has now provided a new opportunity to expand security studies beyond the boundaries of the tense conflict of the two superpowers. Knowledge and aristocracy are essential for the issue of "security" and make students and international relations experts who want to analyze the actions and reactions that take place on the international scene. In this paper, first, a definition of "Security and its place in the school of Copenhagen" Will be presented and discussed and then the scholars of this school will be introduced. The author will try to present this topic by developing an analytical framework that reflects the comprehensiveness of "security status" in most political science and international relations. Manuscript profile
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  48 - The role of internal factors, governing institutions and influential figures in the neoclassical realism approach of Iran's foreign policy
  seyed mahmoud kamalara
  10.30495/psq.2023.1991034.2217
  Neoclassical realism, based on the anarchic nature of the international system, has always been criticized by non-realists. Some theories consider neo-realism to be indifferent to the construction of the state and the internal factors affecting its behavior. This theory More

  Neoclassical realism, based on the anarchic nature of the international system, has always been criticized by non-realists. Some theories consider neo-realism to be indifferent to the construction of the state and the internal factors affecting its behavior. This theory is a combination of classical realism and neorealism, which considers the structure of the international system and internal factors.Therefore, the main goal of this research is to examine the role of internal factors, governing institutions and influential figures in the foreign policy of the Iran to examine, to examine the objectives, decision-making process and foreign policy behaviors of the iran, as well as to examine the sum total of the structure of the international system, systematic levels, and some effective internal factors in the foreign policy of the iran from the theory of neoclassical realism. We will use the method of examining dependent elements, especially the internal factors affecting the foreign policy of iran, to examine specific cases and existing examples, and the place of this theory and the role of internal factors, governing institutions and influential figures in foreign policy.The results of this research show that, considering the sensitive events in the foreign policy of the Iran, important and influential figures have a definite impact on the decision-making process and behavior of the foreign policy, and it can be said that the two components of the structure of the international system and internal factors are always He has drawn the shape of the behavior of the foreign policy of iran. Manuscript profile
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  49 - Examining Iran-Europe relations before and after the US withdrawal from JCPOA
  yaser kahrazeh Abolfazl Araseteh
  10.30495/psq.2022.1942016.2113
  Today, in the field of international relations, countries of the world, in order to reduce conflicts and disputes, as well as to strengthen exchanges between them, try to establish international agreements in various political, economic, cultural and social fields. The More

  Today, in the field of international relations, countries of the world, in order to reduce conflicts and disputes, as well as to strengthen exchanges between them, try to establish international agreements in various political, economic, cultural and social fields. The Comprehensive Joint Action Plan (CJAP) between Iran and the G5 countries (US, Russia, China, France, Britain and Germany) in Vienna is an example of this agreement. The present study, which is conducted by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of what were the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Europe before and after the withdrawal of the United States from Barjam? The present study has tested the hypothesis that after the approval of Barjam. The political and economic relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with European countries have enjoyed a relative improvement but because of US sabotage, European relations with Iran have been based on conservatism and fear from the beginning and after the withdrawal of the United States from the Barjam agreement, European countries, with the withdrawal of their capital and economic companies from Iran, as well as the imposition of harsh sanctions, have preferred to follow US policies to adhere to the Barjam agreement. Manuscript profile
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  50 - Political relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and India; opportunities and challenges
  seyed javad Ahmadi Hassan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan Siraki
  10.30495/psq.2023.1993502.2226
  Relations between Iran and India,as two important countries in West and South Asia, have had many ups and downs after the Iranian Islamic Revolution,and factors such as the internal policies of both countries and the influence of the international system have played a r More

  Relations between Iran and India,as two important countries in West and South Asia, have had many ups and downs after the Iranian Islamic Revolution,and factors such as the internal policies of both countries and the influence of the international system have played a role in this sinusoidal relationship.In this research,by using available library works and resources in a descriptive-explanatory method,we try to find the answer to the question,what is the understanding of foreign policy agents of Iran and India about each other? What opportunities and challenges are there for this relationship?The results show that after Iran joined the non-alignment movement, there was a lot of hope for the improvement of relations between Iran and India.due to reasons such as Iran's support for Pakistan's position in the Kashmir issue and India's Eastern Bloc's support for Iraq in the imposed war against Iran,It didn't happen.But after the end of the Cold War and the paradigm shift of India's foreign policy from idealism to realism,the change in domestic politics,the marginalization of the National Congress Party,the victory of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the closeness to the West and the support of American positions the relations turned cold. The result is that Iran and India have opportunities for regional,strategic and defense integration and to fight against terrorism and challenges such as the influence of America, Israel and India's Middle East policies and most importantly Iran's nuclear program,which can be effective in changing relations.This research from the perspective of theory Realism has analyzed this relationship. Manuscript profile