Sadra

Open Access Article

1 - Relationship between Emotion and Knowledge on Mullasadra’s View
Najaf Yazdani Mohammad Saeedimehr S.Abbas Zahabi

Dimension of the knowledge is considered as the most importanthuman dimension and, therefore, the investigation about the otherdimensions which are related to human’s understanding is as important.Nowadays, one of these dimensions considered by Psychologists andep More

Dimension of the knowledge is considered as the most importanthuman dimension and, therefore, the investigation about the otherdimensions which are related to human’s understanding is as important.Nowadays, one of these dimensions considered by Psychologists andepistemologists is emotions dimension. Throughout the history ofthought, two general approaches can be observed about emotions.Some thinkers have always remarked of emotion’s negative role andhave shown its negative functions and have tried to remove it. Othersbelieve emotions are helpful to reason and knowledge .In this article,after introducing these two theories, we try to reread Mullasadra’s ideasabout the relationship of emotion to knowledge. On negative effects ofemotions and feelings in Mullasadra’s ideas, the effects of emotion inthe acceptance of imitative opinions, familiarity with materials and itsinfluence on knowledge, passions effect on soul imparity from divineknowledge, emotions role in defecting from favorable end, and feelingsaffection on wisdom are discussed. In positive role of feelings thevirtual and true loves have been dealt with Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Comparison of Ibn-Sina and Mulla Sadra’s Views on the Union of the Intellect and the Inelligible
منیره سید مظهری

The disagreements between Mulla Sadra and Ibn-Sina concerning theissue of the union of the intellect and the intelligible represent anexample of the difference between the conceptions of two prominentislamic philosophers of an important philosophical problem.Two complet More

The disagreements between Mulla Sadra and Ibn-Sina concerning theissue of the union of the intellect and the intelligible represent anexample of the difference between the conceptions of two prominentislamic philosophers of an important philosophical problem.Two completely contrasting theories have been ascribed to Ibn-Sina inthis regard. Some of his words indicate his rejection of the union of theintellect and the intelligible. While some of his other words indicate hisconfirmation of this theory. Conversely, Mulla Sadra is a greatsupporter of this theory and has adduced various arguments todemonstrate it. The theory of the union of the intellect and theintelligible, which is either denied or accepted by Ibn-Sina, is not inharmony with the one supported by Mulla Sadra, and the views of thesetwo philosophers concerning this theory are totally different from eachother. Their disagreements can be summarized in two points:1. Reality of intellection 2. Reality of the unionConsidering the above two points of difference, we can say that theirconceptions of the union of the intellect and the intelligible are sodifferent from each other that they represent the intellectualconfrontation between them deeper than what it really is. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Position of Motion in the Perceptual Hierarchy of Architectural Spaces, Based on Mulla Sadra's Theory of Substantial Motion
Mahdi Baniasadi Baghmirani Sayed Behshid Hosseini Azadeh Shahcheraghi

10.30495/pi.2022.20603

Perception in philosophy and architecture is intertwined with the concept of motion. With the presence and movement of the audience in space, according to Mulla Sadra's theory of substantial motion, it includes a degree of motion that; Raises the level of perception fro More

Perception in philosophy and architecture is intertwined with the concept of motion. With the presence and movement of the audience in space, according to Mulla Sadra's theory of substantial motion, it includes a degree of motion that; Raises the level of perception from material to spiritual. This promotion of perception in architectural spaces is compatible with Mulla Sadra's perceptual hierarchy. Therefore, the present study is interdisciplinary and qualitative with a comparative-analytical approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze the movement levels in architectural spaces, and then to adapt the process of raising perception from the material to the spiritual level in spaces, with Mulla Sadra's perceptual hierarchy. The key questions are included: How does moving in architectural spaces enhance perception from the material to the spiritual level? And how is the level of movement in architectural spaces compatible with the perceptual level of Mulla Sadra? Conclusion: In re-reading Mulla Sadra's perceptual issues in architectural spaces, creating true perception requires a sane and reasonable union, through the observer's movement in space. By moving in space, audience experiences a hierarchy of motion, which first involves perception Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Mullasadra’s Anthropology’s Principle Based on Textual Analyses of His Ontological Theories
Hajar Zare Mohammad Saeedi Mehr Seeyed Sadradin Taheri

wisdom two approaches can be adopted: investigating the ontological problems of anthropology of following up ontological principle that used in anthropology. This according to the second approach by expressing the principles of Sadra’s anthropology. That is to say More

wisdom two approaches can be adopted: investigating the ontological problems of anthropology of following up ontological principle that used in anthropology. This according to the second approach by expressing the principles of Sadra’s anthropology. That is to say: soul definition, soul creation, soul eternity, soul spiritual, the relationship between the soul and the body, the connection between soul and the ability and the perfection. Tries to explaining the role of the principles of ontology that is defined in Sadra’s anthropology. The definition of the soul and the related subjects based on originality of existence, degrees of existence, and the motion of substance, relation of the existence and substance and is point to the identity of the existence. The function of the soul creation is based on the motion of substance and originality of existence. In Sadra’s books eternity explained on relation of the existence and substance, the motion of substance and originality of existence. While the eternity is not incompatible by creation of soul too. The acceptance of mediator between the material and spiritual cosmos, make it possible that the aspect of immaterial and impossibility and the creation of an immaterial subject and physical place. And prepares the field of the soul’s imaginary, spiritual and immaterial. The relationship between soul and body and soul and ability based on the motion of substance and originality of existence, degrees of existence, unity of existence, function and power explained. The soul’s perfection based on function and power and the motion of substance has been defined. If wisdom system can explains own the principles of anthropology without originality of existence, actually, that can express the ontology likes transcendental wisdom of Mullasadra Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Quran Revelation from Sheykhe- Mofid and Molla-Sadra Point of View Quran
Morteza Keshavarz

Both Sheykhe-Mofid and Molla-Sadra believe to revelation’s divinity.Sheykhe-mofid believed that the word of God is not eternal. Molla-Sadra has separated the word of God and the verbal text of Quran. Hehas believed that the word of God is eternal but the verbal te More

Both Sheykhe-Mofid and Molla-Sadra believe to revelation’s divinity.Sheykhe-mofid believed that the word of God is not eternal. Molla-Sadra has separated the word of God and the verbal text of Quran. Hehas believed that the word of God is eternal but the verbal text of Quranis not eternal. Sheykhe-Mofid believed that the God has createdrevelatory words and the prophet directly or indirectly has heard theserevelatory words and repeated them. He has denied the generalrevealed knowledge descending as collective and repulsive. Sheykhe-Mofid believed that Quran is an oral miracle. Molla-Sadra believed toboth, oral miracle and meaning miracle. But, his main emphasize is onmeaning miracle. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Body in Suhrawardi's Philosophy and MullaSadra
مریم عاطفی محمد سعیدی مهر

Islamic philosophers, like their Greek predecessors, have discussedthe essence and quiddity of the body. Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra,among the others, have proposed some ideas concerning the natureof the body and its characteristics. Suhrawardi considers the body inthree More

Islamic philosophers, like their Greek predecessors, have discussedthe essence and quiddity of the body. Suhrawardi and Mulla Sadra,among the others, have proposed some ideas concerning the natureof the body and its characteristics. Suhrawardi considers the body inthree different stages: first, following the Peripatetic philosophy, hedefines it as a subsistence composed of "form" and “matter". Thenhe moves to regard it as mere magnitude. Finally, Suhrawardidefines the body according to his own illuminative principles as thecomposition of attributive light and dark substance. Sadra,according to his principle of the "principality of Existence", sees thequiddity of the body as something composed of matter and form,but its true reality is nothing but existence. In this paper, we arguethat there is not any contradiction between Suhravardi's differentviews depending on everystaye since each of them is proposed in aspecific context. On the other hand, we show that Sadra's existentialphilosophy, necessarily concludes to a result which the real essenceof the body is nothing than existence. Final section, we make somecomparisons between the views of these two great Muslimphilosophers Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A Study on the Influence of Banu Amin Mystical School from Molla Sadra, Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, Feyz Kashani and Ibn Arabi
Sakineh Karimpoor Baarkoosaraei Mohammad Taqi Fa’ali Hadi Vakili

10.30495/clq.2021.1902748.1912

Mysticism is an epistemology based on a spiritual and indescribable state in which human feels that he has found a direct and immediate connection with the existence of his Lord; These feelings are of course a spiritual and divine beyond description and limit, during wh More

Mysticism is an epistemology based on a spiritual and indescribable state in which human feels that he has found a direct and immediate connection with the existence of his Lord; These feelings are of course a spiritual and divine beyond description and limit, during which the mystic understands the absolute essence not by argument, but by sensitivity and conscience. Seyyed Nusrat Begum Amin, known as Lady Amin (1265-1362), is one of the Iranian Shiite mystics who was acquainted with Qur'an, wisdom and mysticism since young ages. In her mystical approach, Banu Amin was inspired by famous mystics such as Molla Sadra, Ibn Arabi, Khajeh Abdollah Ansari and Feyz Kashani. In the present literary essay, the authors will enjoy descriptive – analytical method to study the extent of Banu Amin's influence from Molla Sadra, Ibn Arabi, Khajeh Abdollah Ansari and Feyz Kashani comparatively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Application of Qur'an and Reason Regarding the Ultimate Goal of Life from the Perspective of Transcendent Wisdom
Ayub Mobasheri Mohammad Reza Zamiri Mohammad Sadegh Jamshidi Rad Hassan Mehdi Far

Understanding the ultimate goal and desire in life is very important in meaning and lifestyle. Rational arguments, Qur'an and intuition can be used to understand the best ultimate goal for life. The research method was descriptive-analytical in the library resources tha More

Understanding the ultimate goal and desire in life is very important in meaning and lifestyle. Rational arguments, Qur'an and intuition can be used to understand the best ultimate goal for life. The research method was descriptive-analytical in the library resources that we examined one of the rational arguments that had a psychological nature and we used Quranic propositions as a complement and confirmation; Thus, according to Sadra's philosophical foundations, we concluded that the world is the theology and God Almighty is both the origin of beginnings and the end of goals;If our ultimate goal (s) in life is not nearness to God and deep knowledge of God, but only material desires, we will inevitably face at least three basic problems in worldly life: feelings of failure and deprivation, feelings of insecurity, and feelings of boredom. So we must have a demand that is available, sustainable, immortal and unlimited. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - An Analysis on Applications of Revelation's Components in Solving its Problems in Sadraie Philosophy
Fatemeh Ansari

According to Mulla Sadra, revelation is the connection and union of the soul of the prophet with the world of reason and imagination. In order to make this connection take place, human must come to rational perceptions and rule reason ignoring animal and plant More

According to Mulla Sadra, revelation is the connection and union of the soul of the prophet with the world of reason and imagination. In order to make this connection take place, human must come to rational perceptions and rule reason ignoring animal and plant desires. To prove this point, Mulla Sadra enjoys his philosophical principles such as the union of wisdom and wise and the levels of reason, imagination and sense; consequently eliminates the shortcomings of the theory of the peripatetic. The present article seeks to examine Mulla Sadra's approach and approach to the component of revelation (Verses) and Tradition (narrations) in solving philosophical problems in a descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Status of Happiness in Quranic Life Style
Maryam Solgi Zahreh Sadat Nabavi

The present research which is done with descriptive – analytical method, studies the concept of happiness relationship with Pure Life in Holy Quran. In narrative and interpretive references, Pure Life is mentioned as happiness repeatedly. But the philosophical &nd More

The present research which is done with descriptive – analytical method, studies the concept of happiness relationship with Pure Life in Holy Quran. In narrative and interpretive references, Pure Life is mentioned as happiness repeatedly. But the philosophical – religious concept of “happiness” is of ambiguity and various philosophical – religious schools offer different definitions. On the other hand, common aspect of all definitions of “happiness” with Pure Life is in their extremity. It means either Pure Life or all definitions of “happiness” emphasize the extremity of human lives as well as good living. Since based on ideology, human is a creature of both body and spirit and worldly life is a beginning of otherworldly life, thus real happiness contains any affair which meets the main aim of creating: approaching God. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Divine knowledge from the point of view of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina
Zahra Zaheri

10.30495/qsf.2021.683437

One of the most complex topics in divine philosophy is the issue of divine knowledge. This article examines the views of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina while stating issues related to this issue. Ibn Sina considers the divine knowledge of essence to be present. He co More

One of the most complex topics in divine philosophy is the issue of divine knowledge. This article examines the views of Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Ibn Sina while stating issues related to this issue. Ibn Sina considers the divine knowledge of essence to be present. He considers the divine knowledge of Masavi to be an acquired science which is obtained through the forms of Mortasmeh, therefore he believes in the science of Enai. Mulla Sadra, using the special principles of his philosophy, including the rule of "Basit Al-Haghighat", has presented a new theory about the obligatory divine knowledge to Masavi. Accordingly, God, at the level of His essence, has a brief (simple) knowledge of all of Masavi, who is at the same time the discoverer of Masavi's details. He also defends the essence and necessity of divine knowledge based on his philosophical principles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Resurrection of creatures from view point of Mulla Sadra
hadi vasei

Resurrection of creatures and its quality is the philosophy-theology issues that Muslim scholastictheologians and philosophers deal with it, and they mention that God will resurrect Human inGreater Rising and will punish everyone. Flowology of creatures resurrection and More

Resurrection of creatures and its quality is the philosophy-theology issues that Muslim scholastictheologians and philosophers deal with it, and they mention that God will resurrect Human inGreater Rising and will punish everyone. Flowology of creatures resurrection and the life afterdeath is not so complex that opinions of thinkers about it have been faced with ambiguity andchaos more than what is difficult about the beginning of the world and its origin; because, notonly materialists and denying people of the origin of the world don't believe in the end of theworld and deny the resurrection have doubt about " resurrection" in Resurrection Day, but alsosome of believers in the origin of the world and its creator also don't accept it. Mulla Sadra,Muslim philosopher, is a thinker who wrote in this domain and has explained and analyzedcreature resurrection on the basis of his philosophical school. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Simplicity of Existence in the works of Mulla Sadra
محمدحسین ایراندوست

In the general philosophy of the issues is that certain kinds of creatures does not have. One of the topics of "simplicity of being '. Mulla Sadra's discussion on "the method of the first" Asfar has proposed that the Special Topics Amvramh. Peripatetic philosophers know More

In the general philosophy of the issues is that certain kinds of creatures does not have. One of the topics of "simplicity of being '. Mulla Sadra's discussion on "the method of the first" Asfar has proposed that the Special Topics Amvramh. Peripatetic philosophers know the reality of being purely abstract and subjective reason in his analysis of objects in the universe to it.But Mulla Sadra in his works for truth, respect is an objective reality. The Peripatetic philosophers, despite the simplicity issue solely related to the world of the mind, and Mulla Sadra addition to the world of the mind, it also spread to the world. This article tries to answer that by describing the status of "simplicity are" works of Mulla Sadra in the conceptual realm or reality? What are the fruits of this issue? And the result is that there is no concept of simplicity in the realm of truth. And the outcome of the discussion of "individuation" and "denial of substantive provisions" of existence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Mulla Sadra represent the views of Empedocles
محمدحسین ایراندوست

«امپدوکلس» (430 -492 قبل از میلاد) شهروند فرهیخته اکراگاس درسیسیل بود. در فلسفه امپدوکلس اشیاء عالم کل هائى هستند که موجود و فاسد مى شوند ولى درعین حال این از اجزا فنا ناپذیر ترکیب شده اند. فیلسوفان اسلامی از امپدوکلس در مباحث مختلف فلسفی یاد کرده اند. دراین More

«امپدوکلس» (430 -492 قبل از میلاد) شهروند فرهیخته اکراگاس درسیسیل بود. در فلسفه امپدوکلس اشیاء عالم کل هائى هستند که موجود و فاسد مى شوند ولى درعین حال این از اجزا فنا ناپذیر ترکیب شده اند. فیلسوفان اسلامی از امپدوکلس در مباحث مختلف فلسفی یاد کرده اند. دراین میان ملاصدرا در آثار و تالیفات خود به صورت ویژه ای او را معرفی نموده و آراء وی را به شکل خاص تحلیل و تفسیر نموده است . این مقاله درصدد است تا به روش توصیفی به این سئوال پاسخ دهد که «امپدوکلس» در آثار ملاصدرا چگونه معرفی شده و نظریات مهم او از نگاه صدرالمتالهین چیست؟ و این نتیجه حاصل شده که در گفتار ملاصدرا، «امپدوکلس» در زمره گروه پنج نفره مشهور و شایسته عنوان «حکیم مطلق» و از روسا و رهبران سیاسی شهر یونان بوده که علم و دانش را احتمالا از حضرت داوود (ع) آموخته و از زُهاد و عابدان عصر خویش بوده و به آخرت و معاد اعتقاد داشت. و آرائی مانند ترکب عالم از عناصر اصلی چهارگانه بسیط، انحصار بسائط در عناصر چهارگانه، کمون برخی اشیاء در اشیاء دیگر، و ابطال کون و فساد از نظرات مهم اوست. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Conceptology of Traversing and Mediating Motions in Avicenna and Sadra Philosophical Systems
sherafat zebardast hasen moallemi Mohammad Hosein Irandoost

The topic of motion can be abundantly observed in the works of Muslim scholars, indicating the importance of this issue. In the same regard, explaining the nature of Traversing and Mediating Motions is a significant issue in philosophical discussions. The most noticeabl More

The topic of motion can be abundantly observed in the works of Muslim scholars, indicating the importance of this issue. In the same regard, explaining the nature of Traversing and Mediating Motions is a significant issue in philosophical discussions. The most noticeable view in this regard involves the perspectives of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra. The primary question, according to these two philosophers, is that “Which motion, Traversing or Mediating, exists in the outside world?”The present study aimed at investigating and analyzing the views of these two philosophers regarding the explanation of Traversing or Mediating Motions and its external realization through descriptive and analytical methods by using library resources and valid scientific journals.The results of this study indicated that Avicenna believes in the external existence of mediating motion and considers traversing motion as imaginary and illusory, while Mulla Sadra considers traversing motion as reality with external existence and considers mediating motion as a fluid connected thing with a particular unit the whole of which is in the whole time. Understanding this fact paves the way for the substantial motion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Explaining causality in the Sino and Sadrai philosophical systems
Azar Sepahvand Mohammad Hossein Irandoost Esmaeil Alikhani

The question of causality is one of the most important philosophical issues that cannot be understood without understanding the universe. Basically any discussion, talk, and experience is based on understanding and accepting causality. The issue of causality has been ad More

The question of causality is one of the most important philosophical issues that cannot be understood without understanding the universe. Basically any discussion, talk, and experience is based on understanding and accepting causality. The issue of causality has been addressed in many ways. New Western philosophers such as Hume and Kant have addressed this issue from an ontological and Muslim ontological point of view. This article seeks to consider, in terms of analytic causality, its implications for Islamic philosophy, and particularly for transcendent wisdom. In conclusion, it has been concluded that causality has both minimal and maximum meanings. The minimal meaning is explained by philosophical systems before transcendent wisdom, but the maximum meaning is explained by the specific principles of transcendental wisdom such as the principle of existence and the existence of existence. This distinction reveals that many of the disagreements with the principle of causality do in fact imply the maximum meaning of causality and are the least accepted meaning of most philosophers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Conceptology of Motion in Avicennan and Sadraian Philosophy
Sherafat zebardast Mohammad Hosein Irandoost Hassan Moallemi

The purpose of the present study is to delve into the concept of motion in Avicennan and Sadraian Philosophy. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that Avicenna assumes mediating motion exists out of creatures; on the other hand, although M More

The purpose of the present study is to delve into the concept of motion in Avicennan and Sadraian Philosophy. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that Avicenna assumes mediating motion exists out of creatures; on the other hand, although Mulla Sadra refutes his master’s opinion (Mir Damad’s view) on Zarf-e Dahri (worldly capacity) that is a justification for the coexistence of components of traversing motion and totality of its substantiation, he follows his view on the existence of traversing motion out of the living creatures as he begins his words in this regard with an explanation about “its” reality, the quality of existence and non-existence. From the perspective of Mulla Sadra, all creatures and their existence are the manifestation of motion and enthusiasm for the source and this is the “substance” of the objects’ existence being in motion, and that transformations in terms of accident and appearance only originates from substantial motion. Therefore, the whole natural world is a cosmos full of motion, mobility, and zeal to reach abstract existence that is the end of motion and the destination of stability because abstract creatures innately create motion and cause movement in the natural world. Mulla Sadra regards the refutation of substantial motion as a consequence of belief in principality of essence. In the view of Mulla Sadra, since the existence of objects is essential while their essence is accidental, every change and transformation must occur in the context of reality that is to say in the existence of objects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The methodology of cognition in transcendent wisdom
MohammadHossien Irandoost Eshagh Aban

  Cognition and knowledge have been the categories that allscholars and philosophers discuss and research on. In the methodology of cognition, one should pay attention to the main sources of the philosopher in achieving cognition. Mulla Sadra has a completely new m More

  Cognition and knowledge have been the categories that allscholars and philosophers discuss and research on. In the methodology of cognition, one should pay attention to the main sources of the philosopher in achieving cognition. Mulla Sadra has a completely new method and approach, and he does not completely reject or confirm any of his previous methods, including the method of recognizing peripatetics, enlightenment, mysticism, and theology, and he does not approve of these methods and their sources, including proof and revelation. In addition, the intuition has also been used, and it has provided a comprehensive, complete, and new analysis, and has laid a new horizon for the attainment of knowledge. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - An Analysis of the Procedures of Separation of Soul from Body in the View of Mulla Sadra
Mastaneh Zamani Hadi Vasei Mohammad Fooladivanda

The purpose of the present study is to explain the procedures of separation of soul from body in the views of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra. The method of study was descriptive analysis, and the results showed that although Mulla Sadra has deciphered many philosophical argum More

The purpose of the present study is to explain the procedures of separation of soul from body in the views of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra. The method of study was descriptive analysis, and the results showed that although Mulla Sadra has deciphered many philosophical arguments such as the rational proof for bodily resurrection and has presented suitable solutions for many other issues, he has fallen into a sort of paradox when he explains how corporeal is turned to incorporeal at time of final separation of soul from body. On the other hand, body is introduced as the main factor in the early death (Marg-e Ikhtirmai) while this definition is not compatible with his interpretation of the natural death. It seems that no distinct dichotomy has yet been shown between natural death and early death. The absolute perfection of God, achieving excellence, and fulfilling one’s potentials under the divine predestination are among some causes of death that can definitely complete the causes mentioned for natural and early death. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - An Analysis of the Status of the Soul in Mulla Sadra’s School
roya banakar hadi vasei Mohammad Fooladivanda

the status of the soul in Mulla Sadra’s school of thought. According to Mulla Sadra, the secret of human immortality and happiness is religiosity, self-purification, faith and righteous deeds. Mulla Sadra believes that four types of beings in the universe, includi More

the status of the soul in Mulla Sadra’s school of thought. According to Mulla Sadra, the secret of human immortality and happiness is religiosity, self-purification, faith and righteous deeds. Mulla Sadra believes that four types of beings in the universe, including plants, animals, humans, and the celestial souls, have souls. Observing the effects of life, in these three beings (except the celestial souls), he considers a form of perfection that is emanated to matter which is called “soul” in philosophical terms. The lowest level of the soul is the vegetable soul, then the animal soul, but the most honorable level is the human soul. Based on his existential principles, including “the theory of substantial motion” and “the theory of existential gradation”, he proposed a completely different theory in this discussion.Based on his existential principles, including “the theory of substantial motion” and “the theory of existential gradation”, he proposed a completely different theory in this discussion.Keywords: soul, Mulla Sadra, completion of the soul. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Love Regarding Sanayee and Mola Sadra
Hossein Esmaeelie Mehdi Tadayon

‘Love’ is one of the most important issues to which both spiritual and gnostic philosophers have had eyes on and have had orated about. They recognize ‘love’ as the foundation of the universe because of  which, all creatures from the lowest More

‘Love’ is one of the most important issues to which both spiritual and gnostic philosophers have had eyes on and have had orated about. They recognize ‘love’ as the foundation of the universe because of  which, all creatures from the lowest to the highest, are moving toward the source and origin of ‘love’ i.e., the almighty God. Sanayee Ghaznavi and Mola Sadra Shirazi are from the two spiritual and gnostic philosophers who have had ‘love’ as the key role in their works. The similarity in their views can be straightforwardly seen in Sananyee’s works and poems and Mola Sadra’s masterpiece; Shavahed Alrabobye. ‘The significance of love’, ‘the flow of love’,  dividing love into ‘real’ and ‘virtual’ love, ‘convergence of love with pain and suffering’, and the virtual love as a bridge to reality of ‘annihilation in Allah’ are from the issues about which both Sanayee and Mola Sadra have analogous opinions. After illustrating the concept of ‘love’, this study aims at investigating the correspondence between Sanayee and Mola Sadra’s impressions about the issue. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Identifying the Islamic Art Elements of Naserid Darol-khalafe Citadel from the Perspective of Sadrol-Moteallehins Philosophy
Seyed Benyamin Keshavarz Seyed Aghil Keshavarz Zahra Kheiroddin

Sadr al-Maltahin, a prominent Iranian philosopher of the 11th century AH, authored significant works on philosophy. His beliefs, rooted in the teachings of Mu'azuddin Allah, emphasize the concept of revelation, which he posits must traverse layers of reason, example, an More

Sadr al-Maltahin, a prominent Iranian philosopher of the 11th century AH, authored significant works on philosophy. His beliefs, rooted in the teachings of Mu'azuddin Allah, emphasize the concept of revelation, which he posits must traverse layers of reason, example, and matter before manifesting as speech. His philosophical framework is not solely based on Islam but also draws from Iranian culture. The term 'form' holds great significance in art and architecture, embodying three distinct meanings: representing structure, showcasing visual form, and elucidating interrelations between forms, which, according to Mullah Sadra, epitomizes the balance between rationality and spirituality in art. Contrary to common belief, the adherence to aesthetic principles and structured artistic expression in Islamic societies did not solely emerge during the Safavieh era. This article explores the intersection of Sadra'i philosophy and traditional Islamic philosophy, employing analogical reasoning to address this misconception. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Position Of Recognition and Ways to Achieve in the Eyes Of Mullasadra According to the Book Titled Kasrul Asnaam-e-Jahelliah
Ali Ein Aliloo Jabbar Moradi

A group of theologians disbelieve in wisdom to be a trustworthy instrument to achieve the desired perfection and exploring different aspects of existence. For using reason and causal evidences, they resort to love and recognition and take these two precious stones that More

A group of theologians disbelieve in wisdom to be a trustworthy instrument to achieve the desired perfection and exploring different aspects of existence. For using reason and causal evidences, they resort to love and recognition and take these two precious stones that are stemmed from the polished and pleasant heart coming from the life ascetics as their guests. Those theologians who picked out love for wisdom are called mystic. Using the ladder of heart and the two wings of love and recognition, mystics step up to approach the divinity and achieve their real felicity and desired perfection. Mysticism is also misused just like any other ways. Pro mysticism persons have written books and articles to show the true image of the excellent thought under the façade of suspicion and distractions so as to introduce a balanced and non-extremistic way. Mullasadra is an advocate and wayfarer of the mystic journey who wrote the book “Kasrul Asnaam-e-Jahelliah” to reveal the true principles of mysticism and declare the distractors wrong methods. This paper tries to explore the thoughts of this mysticaccordingly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Explanation on Evolutionary Guardianship on the Supreme-Human (The Perfect or the Exalted Man) In Epistemology Geometry of Islamic Mysticism (With a Focus on Thoughts (Ideas) Of Imam Khomeini)
Ali Hosseini Jaseb Nikfar

In mysticism, discussion about evolutionary guardianship is studied under the subject of the supreme man (the perfect man) who is initial medium of creation system in the Arc of ascent and descent (the arc of rise and fall). The perfect man or the supreme-human is the c More

In mysticism, discussion about evolutionary guardianship is studied under the subject of the supreme man (the perfect man) who is initial medium of creation system in the Arc of ascent and descent (the arc of rise and fall). The perfect man or the supreme-human is the core or place of manifestation of all divine names and attributes and the cosmic and the earth facts such that human is like the spirit of the world (universe) and the universe is as his body. As spirit manages or modifies the organization of the body by physical and spiritual powers, the perfect man or the supreme-human also reaches the universe creatures with connecting or having divine facts, and as the life of body depend to the spirit, and without the spirit, it would be deprived from perfection, the divine life also becomes meaningful only by modifying or seizing the successor of Allah and by its mediation. Without the perfect man the life also becomes ruined (decayed) and will die out. The human access to the successor of Allah is occurred through three processes. First, the divine names and attributes are given to the perfect man, and second, the receiving or acquisition of divine and humanistic facts are granted to the supreme human and hebecomes aware of the unseen world. Third, he gains the creatingor innovating power andauthority. The successor of Allah, after Intrinsic, attribution and behavioral extinction, arrived at life and thrived after elimination and the survival position after elimination. He also existed in the factual or right. After that, when the perfect man becomes the ears, eyes and hand of Allah, He becomes manifested by perceptual and excitatory forces (powers). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Unity of existence in Mulla Sadra's idea
Afifeh Hamedi

One of the basic Sadrian mystics and philosophers opinions is the unity of existence .The most important issue in Islamic philosophy that has been discussed after discussion on principality of existence, and caused to form various sects of philosophical and mystical. Mu More

One of the basic Sadrian mystics and philosophers opinions is the unity of existence .The most important issue in Islamic philosophy that has been discussed after discussion on principality of existence, and caused to form various sects of philosophical and mystical. Mulla Sadra, the great philosopher of 16th century, also is one of the herald unities of existence. And after Jami is the only one that has become famous in this theory and according to many thinkers, he had been influenced by Ibn arabi. In his great book,( Al-asfar-al Arbae), he regarded existence according to proof, like phahlavi philosophers gradational,(tashkiki) i.e oneness reality that has different degrees .He in the same book(second part of first trip) manifested his final opinion in unity of existence on the basis of talent and mysticism, and has approved the individual unity of existence. So, he has named existence of possibilities ,dependent being. that whole are the reflex of one reality and the thought of independence and multiplicity of them is not real. In the end he has causation to dignity .In this research author has tried to obtain final theory of Mulla Sadra and to show oneness of unity of existence by hikmat-al motaliyah and mystical unity of existence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - A New Look at the Relativity of Personal Unity and Dubious Unity of Existence
رحمت‌الله معظمی گودرزی علی شیخ الاسلامی

This paper seeks to present a novel perspective about the relativity between Personal Unity of Existence in mysticism and Dubious Unity of Existence in philosophy. To this end, relying on literature, principles and relevant different approaches, these two unity-oriented More

This paper seeks to present a novel perspective about the relativity between Personal Unity of Existence in mysticism and Dubious Unity of Existence in philosophy. To this end, relying on literature, principles and relevant different approaches, these two unity-oriented perspectives are considered not across one another but within two various insightful overlapping fields. Accordingly, these two subject matters are traces in the book written by the oriental well-known philosopher Mr. Sadrolmoteahhelin, and by presenting the beginning and the final works of him the writer underscores the equal acceptance of the above mentioned cosmological approach in his works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Impact of Heart on Recognition in Mollasadra's Perspective
Somayyeh Ajalli Sahar Kavandi

Recognition in Sadra's view is an existential subject and is a way for perfection of soul. In his view, the end of episteme is becoming Godly and perceiving the name and recipes of god with presence knowledge. With this explanation of episteme shown the position of reve More

Recognition in Sadra's view is an existential subject and is a way for perfection of soul. In his view, the end of episteme is becoming Godly and perceiving the name and recipes of god with presence knowledge. With this explanation of episteme shown the position of revelation intuition inside of intellect and also drawn revelation, intuition and intellects triangle that is the Sadra’s base for episteme. Heart is the phase of soul that homogenize with transition world because of that genetic structure. And can receive inspiration and revelation. Sadra doesn’t limit heart purity for revelation perceiving just for prophet Mohammad, but he believes that revelation understanding also needs heart purity. Just if heart be far from sin, guilt and evil surmise, can gain inspiration and oracle. So mollasadra invites reader to achieving heart purity before inter to theoretical and perceiving divine and sacred affair. That purity achieved just by understanding to low. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - The Study of Ibn Arabi's and Mulla Sadra's Viewpoints about Perfect Man, with an Emphasis on the role of guidance
Abbas Bakhshandeh Bali Hassan Ibrahimi

Perfect human of Ibn Arabi that was later noted by Mulla Sadra is ascending toward God, leaving human beings and animals behind by his journey toward God and turning into Caliphate of God. Some Sufis were limited to the same level but IbnArabi and MullaSadra went beyond More

Perfect human of Ibn Arabi that was later noted by Mulla Sadra is ascending toward God, leaving human beings and animals behind by his journey toward God and turning into Caliphate of God. Some Sufis were limited to the same level but IbnArabi and MullaSadra went beyond that and considered “going through pathway of creatures” as a level of human excellence and perfection. This article, as a descriptive analysis, investigates Ibn Arabi's and Mulla Sadra's point of view about one of the most important secular role of the perfect human as other people's guidance. Such a man, as a mediator between God and the creation, tries to guide other people to the path of perfection. Each of Ibn Arabi and Mulla Sadra pointed out to this important issue by citing the religious essentials. Even Ibn Arabi who knows himself as terminator of Velayah, as well as Mulla Sadra, considered this importance and were not indifferent to human perfection and guidance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The Existential Solidarity between Annihilation in God and Subsistence with God in Ibn Arabi’s and Molla Sadra’s Opinion
Fateme Al- Zahra Nasirpour Hasan Ebrahimi Ahmad Beheshti

Monotheism in the term of religions, especially the religion of Islam and the annihilation in God and the subsistence with God in Islam mysticism can be studied and researched from different angles. Despite the valuable researchers that have been done in this field, reg More

Monotheism in the term of religions, especially the religion of Islam and the annihilation in God and the subsistence with God in Islam mysticism can be studied and researched from different angles. Despite the valuable researchers that have been done in this field, regardless of the epistemological dimensions of monotheism and annihilation, the question is that how monotheism because of monotheist and annihilation or survival in the way of God can be related? Do they have a separate and independent meaning in the existence of the seeker and the monotheist, as it seems in the mental and attainment dimension of the relationship based on a disagreement about them, or they are intertwined with one in the existence of the monotheist? Definitions of monotheism and its arguments are among the acquired sciences; but in the present knowledge of monotheism, the immediacy of the limits and customs and concepts, the truth will be manifested to him according to the size of the human capacity. In this article, it is mentioned that human beings become monotheists. On the other hand, in mystical conduct and reaching the position of annihilation in God and subsistence with God, the existence of the seeker (Salĭk) will be the same as knowledge. Here is man's knowledge of his lord and the lord's knowledge of the soul, presence, and the very existence of the soul. Understanding this unity between the man and the Lord and the monotheism of the soul is the same as the gift of annihilation in God and subsistence with God. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Review and Comparative Analysis of Sohrawardi and Mulla Sadra about Immortality of the Soul
Mohamad Goodarzi

The  question of  the  nature , of  the  soul and the  debate has long  preocc  upied philosophers , thus each on  the basis of  their  intellectual  and according  to current scientific findings of his ti More

The  question of  the  nature , of  the  soul and the  debate has long  preocc  upied philosophers , thus each on  the basis of  their  intellectual  and according  to current scientific findings of his time have tried to answer the questions to be outmoded . Sohrawardi and Mulla Sadra also not an exception, so that a substantial part of the works, of the philosopher and self-analysis to review and clarify the issues dedicated. The two philosophers have tried every way to his philosophical system of thought based on the fundamental questions that have been raised about the soul respond and express their views. This article is under review and comparative analysis of Sohrawardi and Mulla Sadra   about immortality of the soul in an attempt  to articulate and explain  the views of  the two wise comparative analysis of  evidence about the fact of the fate of the immortality of the soul the soul after the body of disarmament and  the continuation of life after death and reincarnation and the differences and similarities between these two views is a philosopher. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Investigation of Influential Factors in Urban Crisis Management During Floods (Case Study: Sadra City, Fars province)
Alireza Valipour

10.30495/juepd.2023.1978527.1135

Crisis management in flood has a distinctive relationship with urban planning and management subjects. Yearly, floods cause a lot of damage to public and private property as well as loss of life. Inspecting the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management is strongly f More

Crisis management in flood has a distinctive relationship with urban planning and management subjects. Yearly, floods cause a lot of damage to public and private property as well as loss of life. Inspecting the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management is strongly felt during floods. This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study. Initially, data was collected via interviews, literature review, and distributing questionnaires among 150 crisis management specialists. After that, the SWARA method was used to analyze data, which is one of the most optimum multi-criteria decision-making methods. According to the attained results, 10 strong points and 13 weak points were recognized during the flood crisis. Among these points, the flooding of roads, the blocking of access roads, and the water supply network cut-off were the most significant types of crises, respectively. Likewise, separate and selective maps of the city and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any section of the city with a score of 0.1718, the newness of water and sewerage, electricity, gas, and telecommunications networks in the city with a score of 0.1418 and the absence of urban decay in the city or unprincipled and non-technical suburbs were identified as the most important strengths with a score of 0.1183. Besides, according to the respondents, the most important weakness is the rain in a short period with a high volume of runoff with a coefficient of 0.1992, which causes severe damage to tables and urban facilities, and residential houses.Extended AbstractIntroduction:  In the last few years has proved that Iran to be disaster-prone country. Annual damage to public and private property and also loss of life due to the occurrence of these events is entered. Nonetheless, it is observed that crisis management is not conducted completely in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and rank all kinds of crisis and weaknesses and strengths of organization. Factors affecting the organizational communication in crisis management were identified. The occurrence of these incidents in our country has taken many victims and caused major damages to the economic and social structure of the country. Past experiences in Iran show that dealing with natural disasters and their complications is a big challenge for the authorities.  The reason for choosing the city of Sadra as a case study was the existence of many crises caused by the flood. Sadra city, as one of the new cities in Fars's province, faces the dangers and problems of the natural environment today. Therefore, it is essential to know the effective factors in reducing flood damage. The most important question of the research is that how and through what process can a suitable to investigate of Influential Factors in Urban Crisis Management During Floods? This research aims to recognize and rank all kinds of crises and organizational strengths and weaknesses. Sadra city, an area that is very prone to floods, has been selected as a case study.Methodology:In terms of purpose, this research is in the field of applied research, and in terms of research method, according to the subject and purpose, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information in this research is based on library-document studies and field studies. Data was collected through interview, a literature review and a questionnaire survey distributed among 150 crisis management experts. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests and SWARA method.Results and discussion:The results showed that the flooding of roads was the most important crisis in the occurrence of floods in Sadra. The purpose of this research was to fill this research gap by identifying and ranking the strengths and weaknesses of organizations and experts of the crisis management headquarters during the flood crisis in Sadra city in Fars province. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the desired information was obtained through interviews with experts and available documents. Finally, 10 strengths and 13 weaknesses were identified. The results showed that the top three factors in the strengths of flood crisis management in Sadra city include "the availability of all the city's segregation and classification maps and quick and easy access to addresses and parts with different uses in any part of the city" and "the newness of network facilities" "water and sewage-electricity-gas-communications in the city" and "absence of worn-out fabric in the city or unprincipled and non-technical settlements" had scores of 0.1718, 0.1408 and 0.1183, respectively. In addition to this, the results showed that three important weaknesses in crisis management include "rainfall in a short period of time with a high volume of runoff, which causes serious damage to the tables and urban facilities" and "the passage of all runoff after passing through the city's roads to the point of the city boundary line and leaving the city only from two points (Tang Jalab and Dukohak Road) which are the main access roads to the city" and "non-construction of flood dams or calm ponds or delays in the upstream points and the entry of runoff into the city during heavy rains causing stones to flow There is a lot of sand on the surface of the roads and clogging of the canals, as well as causing damage. Another goal of this research was to identify factors affecting organizational communication in crisis management. These identified factors included timely information, correct information, complete information, appropriate information, fast information, communication channels and feedback.Conclusion:It is one of the new cities of Iran and Fars province, which is located 18 kilometers northwest of Shiraz. Due to the occurrence of floods in Sadra city, it is necessary to identify and evaluate effective factors in flood control. By reviewing previous studies, it was observed that limited studies have been conducted in the field of crisis management during floods in Sadra city. The purpose of this research was to fill this research gap by identifying and ranking the strengths and weaknesses of organizations and experts of the crisis management headquarters during the flood crisis in Sadra city in Fars province. One of the goals of this research was to identify the factors affecting organizational communication in crisis management. These identified factors included timely information, correct information, complete information, appropriate information, fast information, communication channels and feedback. The meaning of timely information is that the decision maker gets the necessary information at the time of need. In fact, it should express the latest information about a phenomenon in a timely manner. Facilitate timely access to information to make decisions about how to prevent crises. Appropriate information means that the information can respond to what is requested by the recipient. In general, access to appropriate information is effective in identifying the early signs of a crisis and has helped crisis managers in emergency situations. Correct information means that there are no mistakes or errors in the information and that it provides accurate information to the decision makers. This correct information prevents the recurrence of past crises. The results of this study can be used in determining the appropriate strategy as well as covering the weak points in flood crisis management in Sadra city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Mystical revelation from the point of view of Mulla Sadra and Ibn Arabi
seyed rahmatolla mosavimoghadam Seyed Sajad Sadatizadeh ali sabri

The discussion of discovery and intuition in Islamic epistemology is one of the fundamental and essential issues in the mystic religion; So much so that the foundation of Islamic mysticism is based on revelation and observation of the unseen world. Mystical revelations More

The discussion of discovery and intuition in Islamic epistemology is one of the fundamental and essential issues in the mystic religion; So much so that the foundation of Islamic mysticism is based on revelation and observation of the unseen world. Mystical revelations are considered the most important epistemic source of theoretical mysticism as an ontological system. This article tries to first review the types of revelation among mystics, its basic features, its evaluation criteria and the background of revelation in the view of the founders of the Ashraq and Masha school of thought, and also the nature, nature, and levels of revelation in the view of Islamic philosophers and mystics, especially Sadra and Ibn Arabi, in detail; As the founder of transcendental wisdom, Sadra has openly claimed to develop some philosophical issues that are considered to be his special initiatives and has shown his dependence on the great mystic Ibn Arabi. The basic question of this article is whether the method of Mullah Sadra's revelations is like other philosophers and mystics or does he have a special style for himself? We can also pay attention to the question of whether Sadra'i intuition is influenced by Ibn Arabi or not. The findings of the research confirm the fact that Mulla Sadra has developed a tendency and used judgmental and debatable topics in processing taste issues; From this point of view, it is influenced by Ibn Arabi. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - The relationship between pleasure and the meaning of life from the point of view of Aristotle and Mulla Sadra
zahra ganjipour farajollah barati meysam amani

One of the fundamental concerns of humanity since its inception has been the question of the meaning of life. Meaningfulness has two connotations: purposefulness and value. Certainly, the meaning of the meaning of life depends on the type of worldview and perspective of More

One of the fundamental concerns of humanity since its inception has been the question of the meaning of life. Meaningfulness has two connotations: purposefulness and value. Certainly, the meaning of the meaning of life depends on the type of worldview and perspective of each philosopher. The present research seeks to examine the answer to the question of whether pleasure is related to meaningfulness or not. Does pleasure require pleasure to achieve the meaning of life? This research compares and contrasts the theories of Aristotle and Mulla Sadra on the relationship between pleasure and the meaning of life. In this article, the descriptive-analytical method is used to analyze the concepts. The most important philosophical bases that distinguish and differ between these two philosophers are the question of equivocation of existence. Aristotle does not believe in the equivocation of existence. From Aristotle's point of view, pleasure and happiness are a constant for all human beings and he does not believe in different levels of pleasure. He considers happiness to be limited to this world and exclusive to the rational part of man. He considers the way to reach meaning to be limited to the realm of virtue. However, Mulla Sadra, based on the principle of equivocation of existence, believes that pleasure has different levels, with intellectual pleasure being superior to sensory pleasure and being higher in terms of rank and existential dignity than the world of sense and matter. Mulla Sadra considers happiness to be related to the physical and spiritual dimensions, so Mulla Sadra believes in comprehensive happiness. He considers the way to reach meaning to be wisdom, imagination, and inner forces. He considers the way to reach happiness to be a human voluntary action. He considers the true example of happiness to be in the afterlife. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Examining Leibniz's scale of omenology and Mulla Sadra's Basit al-Haqiqah
Bahman Dinarvand farajollah barati

Among the important and basic issues of philosophy that have been discussed during recent centuries, the rule of "Basit al-Haqiqah" or simple and uncompounded truth has been among the sages and philosophers of the East and West of the world.This rule has a special place More

Among the important and basic issues of philosophy that have been discussed during recent centuries, the rule of "Basit al-Haqiqah" or simple and uncompounded truth has been among the sages and philosophers of the East and West of the world.This rule has a special place to solve other philosophical problems and especially to prove monotheism.Mulla Sadra (Sadr al-Din Shirazi) believes in the principle of "Basît al-Haqiqa of all things and licks of something minus" means that all things are truly simple, while none of the things are; That is, it has the perfections and existential aspects and the goodness of everything, and is devoid of their defects, limits, and determinations. It is not easyOn the other hand, Leibniz, one of the great philosophers of the West, has tried to investigate, analyze and prove it with the expression "individual essence" or "manad". Leibniz believed that "herald" is a single, indivisible, elemental substance with many properties, but because it is simple, it has no components.According to what is stated in this article, simple existence, absolute existence, and infinite existence have the same meaning, and this is a common topic between Mulla Sadra and Leibniz. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Morphotectonic Study in Tange Boragh Basin
Abdol Majid Asadi

The axis of Mollasadra dam of x=604171 and y=3390531 at 39 zone is located near Sedeh village in Tange Boragh basin 125 km far from northwest of Shiraz.Three morphometric indices, namely the VF, Mountain Front Sinuosity and hypsometric integration Index have been measur More

The axis of Mollasadra dam of x=604171 and y=3390531 at 39 zone is located near Sedeh village in Tange Boragh basin 125 km far from northwest of Shiraz.Three morphometric indices, namely the VF, Mountain Front Sinuosity and hypsometric integration Index have been measured in different parts of the catchment area in order to reveal the tectonic activities. Analysis of the obtained data shows an increase of tectonics around the dam. The Mountain Front Sinuosity increases from 1.1 to 3.1.Results show the studied area is active in the view of tectonic activity and it is located at group 2 in active tectonic classify. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Reflecting the differences between rationalist and narrative approaches in the analysis of the idea of al-Badā’ Reading the Two Commentaries of al-Kulayni's kitab al-Kāfī in the Safavid Era
mohammadmahdi farahi Rouhollah Shahidi Mohammad Kazem Rahman Setayesh

Thinkers have taken different approaches to religious narratives and propositions. Since each approach has different effects and consequences, it is necessary to examine them and to identify their different consequences. The two main approaches in dealing with religious More

Thinkers have taken different approaches to religious narratives and propositions. Since each approach has different effects and consequences, it is necessary to examine them and to identify their different consequences. The two main approaches in dealing with religious narratives and propositions are the philosophical rationalist approach and the narrative approach. In this study, we want to use a comparative method to examine and implement Mulla Sadra’s approach as a representative of the school of philosophical rationalism and the Majlesi’s approach as the representative of the school of narrative about the concept of ‘Badā’’ in the book of Usul-e Kāfi. In this way, we want to gain a better understanding of each of these two approaches and to highlight their differences and distinctions. These two thinkers lived in the Safavid era, and their theoretical approaches indicate the intellectual confrontation between the two currents of rationalism and narrativeism in that period. The study hypothesis is that these two approaches differ in components such as how to explain religious teachings, how to expand the problem, how to be sure of expression or caution, and how to deal with confusing narratives. However, one can also see commonalities between the owners of the two approaches in confronting narratives; similarities such as avoiding the denial of narrations, relying on Ta’wil, and confronting narrations based on presuppositions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The effects of Imam Muhammad Ghazali's view on human perfection on later thinkers
Soheileh Asemi Seyed Hossein Sajadi Abdolreza Jamalzadeh

Human beings have purposeful creation in the position of Ashraf and must achieve the degree of perfection in the path of life in order to be worthy of their main position. This important matter has made thinkers to express the way to perfection in many ways. Abu Hamed M More

Human beings have purposeful creation in the position of Ashraf and must achieve the degree of perfection in the path of life in order to be worthy of their main position. This important matter has made thinkers to express the way to perfection in many ways. Abu Hamed Mohammad Ghazali, as a thinker and thinker, has expressed valuable opinions about perfection by writing numerous works. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of Imam Muhammad Ghazali's view on the perfection of man on his later thinkers in an analytical-descriptive way. From his point of view, the ultimate perfection of man is to gain control over the soul and as a result to reach the closeness of God. He has mentioned steps to get this rank. These steps begin with finding a guide (bearers of the divine message) and following religion and are strengthened by acquiring knowledge and knowledge. Then by avoiding vices and acquiring virtues, this can be achieved. Ghazali has created many developments in the field of perfection compared to his predecessors, the basis of which was the amount of benefit from religion. He has left his influence in various fields of philosophy, theology and mysticism, which shows the wide scope of his influence. Influences such as turning more attention to religion, moderate rationalism, the integration of Tariqat and Sharia, etc. Molla Sadra, Faiz Kashani, Sanai and Maulvi are among these thinkers who have been most influenced by him. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Analysis of the concept of wine in the poems of Sadr al-Motealehin Shirazi
saeed mohammadi kish

Sadr al-Din Muhammad bin Ebrahim Qavam Shirazi or Molasadra, is a divine sage and philosopher, mystic and poet of the 11th century AH and the founder of transcendental wisdom. In his Masnavi, he has expressed some mystical, philosophical and ruling opinions. The aim of More

Sadr al-Din Muhammad bin Ebrahim Qavam Shirazi or Molasadra, is a divine sage and philosopher, mystic and poet of the 11th century AH and the founder of transcendental wisdom. In his Masnavi, he has expressed some mystical, philosophical and ruling opinions. The aim of the current research is to investigate the attitude of the poet in expressing the term May with various interpretations, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way. From the findings of this research, we can refer to the concepts of May in this Masnavi. Mulla Sadra calls for the flame whose fire is like a burning flame and can erase the mystic's ego in the stage of annihilation in God. According to Mulla Sadra, the perfect mystic is in the fire of love, freed from the ego and intoxicated to observe the mysteries. is achieved When he is not drunk, he does not consider the possibility of an independent and separate existence. It is because the heart is the eternal place of his spiritual light, just as the dark house of the heart has been transformed into a glade of meanings due to the light of that wind. The wine that Sadrul Matalhin wants is the wine of knowledge of the negation of existence and lack of validity, and by drinking it, the mystic realizes the knowledge of absolute existence, which is indeed the secret of unity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Investigating the theory of reference of basic self-evidents to intuitive knowledge of Mulla Sadra's views
meysam azizian mosleh jahangir masoodi seyed morteza hoseini shahrudi

The theory of the reference of conceptual knowledge to the intuitive knowledge is rooted in the views of philosophers such as Mulla Sadra and has been developed in the works of later thinkers such as Mesbah Yazdi. The purpose of this article is to explain the epistemolo More

The theory of the reference of conceptual knowledge to the intuitive knowledge is rooted in the views of philosophers such as Mulla Sadra and has been developed in the works of later thinkers such as Mesbah Yazdi. The purpose of this article is to explain the epistemological part of this view based on the Mulla Sadra’s works. This will be done by designing four questions and answering them. These four questions have focused on the four basic characteristics of basic self-evidents and their origins (three of these four characteristics) in the context of the presence sciences. The first feature is the realization of basic self-evidents, the second feature is their totality, the third one is the necessity of the first theorems, and the fourth characteristic is the basis of these cases. We must find the roots of these four features in the context of the intuitive knowledge, which is a personal reality and apparently lacking in necessity. So that what we say is not the kind of argument and inference, otherwise we do not observe the fourth characteristic (basic axiomatic) of the basic self-evidents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Deductive logic as a paradigm of knowledge theory in Mulla Sadra and Descartes’s philosophical systems
hassan rahbar

The main end of epistemological discussions from the point of view of philosophers is the attainment of certainty and truth. From this point of view, different philosophers, with different views and ideas, have always tried to establish a basis for achieving the desired More

The main end of epistemological discussions from the point of view of philosophers is the attainment of certainty and truth. From this point of view, different philosophers, with different views and ideas, have always tried to establish a basis for achieving the desired result. Mulla Sadra and Descartes are among the most sought-after. Both Mulla Sadra and Descartes have made the deduction the tool of their epistemological theory and consider the possibility of attaining certainty in this way possible. While sharing this view, the differences between the two regarding this issue should be noted that Mulla Sadra's deduction is Aristotelian deduction based on facial logic, but in Descartes' epistemic logic it is more concerned with the logic of matter and the relation between facts. And not merely from the perspective of the relationship of the concepts studied. It is noteworthy that Mulla Sadra's view as an deduction underlies the arguments of Aristotelian face logic and tradition, because of the real and objective rules and laws in which both senses and rationales are used, in contrast to Descartes's view that his meaning is based on deduction. It builds on the logic of matter and focuses solely on recommendation and order, making it more acceptable and acceptable, at least in terms of evaluation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - symbolism of knowledge in Mulla sadra's thought
ahmad reza honari

Symbolism is the method that’s used in two fields of existence and knowledge. In existence one thing consider as a symbol of a truth or meaning; and one of the important usage of symbolism in knowledge is expression and recognition metaphysical truth and meanings. More

Symbolism is the method that’s used in two fields of existence and knowledge. In existence one thing consider as a symbol of a truth or meaning; and one of the important usage of symbolism in knowledge is expression and recognition metaphysical truth and meanings. Therefore, it has always been used in various religions and mystical schools. This way has a history in Islamic culture and civilization. We can find it in Suhrawardi’s illuminationist philosophical tradition and Islamic mysticism widely. Considering the effective position of Transcendental wisdom in Islamic wisdom this essay try to answer this questions that how’s the process of symbolism in knowledge in Mulla sadra’s thought? Is it possible to find a method for decoding and hermeneutic in Mulla sadra’s epistemology framework? Analyzing thoughts like imaginary perception, intuition, interpretation (Taa’wil), and self-knowledge, can aid us to access our aim. Therefore, the epistemology of Transcendental wisdom provide a framework in which the symbolism will be strong and rational and also prepare a criteria for evaluating and identifying correct and rational symbolism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Comparative study of sensory perception from the point of view Mulla Sadra and Hegel
payam aghasi azizolah afshar kermani

Mulla Sadra and Hegel both regard sensory perception as the beginning of cognition. However, Mulla Sadra considers sensory, imaginary and rational stages for identification and considers the general perception after passing through the sensory and imaginary perception, More

Mulla Sadra and Hegel both regard sensory perception as the beginning of cognition. However, Mulla Sadra considers sensory, imaginary and rational stages for identification and considers the general perception after passing through the sensory and imaginary perception, that is, the general stage of cognition. But Hegel, from the outset, sees cognition through general concepts, and considers the conflict between detail and generality in this perception to be a factor in promoting perception to the next level. The comparison of sensory perception in Mulla Sadra and Hegel shows how accepting different foundations in the fields of logic, nature, and man can lead to the beginning of a single point to different ends.Sensory perception in Hegel is the beginning of the discovery of the conflict in human perceptual activity that ends in the unity of cognition and existence. But the advance of consciousness in Sadra's philosophy is in relation to man with reality and the passage of the lower existence to the higher and the higher transcendence and expansion of the existential level of the human being. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Evolution of Mulla Sadra's View of the Role of Nature in Epistemology
Fatemeh Kookaram Amirhossein Mansouri Nouri Mohsen Shams Einallah Khademi

One of the important issues of epistemology is the question of subjective existence and how it is adapted to objective truths. Muslim scholars believe that one must play the role of intermediary. Reflecting on Mulla Sadra's works, we find that she paid close attention t More

One of the important issues of epistemology is the question of subjective existence and how it is adapted to objective truths. Muslim scholars believe that one must play the role of intermediary. Reflecting on Mulla Sadra's works, we find that she paid close attention to this issue and did not offer a unified view of this research question. Mulla Sadra, in the first place, like most other scholars, believed that nature plays the intermediary role between subjective and objective truths, and that his nature is the specific meaning - the motive in our answer. " The authors believe that Sadr al-Mutallah has departed from this theory in the second step and has stated her particular theory that the purpose of conforming the mind to the same is to objectively conform the supreme existence of the essence to its particular existence. In this approach, Mulla Sadra distinguishes between the ascertained by the real and the self-conscious, and the emergent by the emergent for the perceptual powers of the self, and believes that in this approach the mode of existence is different, one being strong (external) and the other being. Poor, not in nature. Based on five reasons - Mulla Sadra's view of the nature, rational perception, substance movement, authenticity and form of existence - the authors believe that the second theory is more compatible with Mulla Sadra's philosophical system and can be referred to as Sadra's final theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - the attitude of sadra and descartes to the knowledge of self – existence
Marzieh Abdoli Masinan zahra hadadi

knowledge of soul as the first knowledge obtained for man attention span of the philosophers and trying to explain the nature of it . this knowledge is in the philosophical system of sadra and descartes is of particular importance . personal science , criteria , and sca More

knowledge of soul as the first knowledge obtained for man attention span of the philosophers and trying to explain the nature of it . this knowledge is in the philosophical system of sadra and descartes is of particular importance . personal science , criteria , and scale in matching these two schools , for attaining knowledge of certainty . in this research cognitive knowledge with rational method the attitude of descartes and mulla sadra to self - consciousness the inability to recognize himself The reasoning for self - presence , the ratio of intuition and presence library method gather data using descriptive , analytical and cash flows processed and similarities and differences has been extracted . the study of their works became apparent both thinkers reject inductive recognition Out of breath . intuition is through collecting self knowledge into their nature . according to sadra 's philosophical foundations, the science of self - confidence , it is possible only by personal knowledge ; but according to descartes ' principles and methods , descartes ,and his lack of knowledge should be shared by the division of science and the lack of belief in principles It is necessary to have a person in person like originality , carrying on intuition in this strange school . so the knowledge of self in these two philosophical systems , despite the similarities , possessing considerable distinction . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Explanation and analysis of the role of sense and experience in the stages of judgmental knowledge in Mulla Sadra’s approach
hesamaldin momeni shahraki عسکر دیرباز عبدالحسین kh

Among the important issues that can be represented in Sadra's epistemology; is that whether the affirmative knowledge is realized in only one stage for the soul or in several stages and levels? From the heart of this question and its relation to the role of sense and ex More

Among the important issues that can be represented in Sadra's epistemology; is that whether the affirmative knowledge is realized in only one stage for the soul or in several stages and levels? From the heart of this question and its relation to the role of sense and experience in Sadra's epistemological system, we reach another issue which is what is the role of sense and experience in the stages of propositional knowledge from Mulla Sadra’s perspective? In the present study, based on the descriptive-analytical method, the authors seek to explain and analyze the role of sense and experience in the stages of propositional knowledge in Mulla Sadra’s point of view. Accordingly, the stages of affirmative cognitions are: affirmations and basic rational propositions, affirmations and particular sensory and imaginary propositions, and inferred rational affirmations and propositions which from Sadra's point of view, have a direct role in the process of particular sensory propositions.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Investigation of the validity of mystical intuition and the possibility of its epistemological justification with the theory of reliabilism in Mulla Sadra’s point of view
Abbas Ahmadi Saadi

 The epistemological value and validity of intuitive consciousness and knowledge has always been discussed by philosophers and mystics. Naturally, mystics defend such heartfelt cognition, or so-called discovery and intuition but for an epistemologist who looks at t More

 The epistemological value and validity of intuitive consciousness and knowledge has always been discussed by philosophers and mystics. Naturally, mystics defend such heartfelt cognition, or so-called discovery and intuition but for an epistemologist who looks at the problem with rational criteria, the question is why and for what reason should the intuition of the mystic be acknowledged and believed? In various mystical traditions and even some philosophical schools, especially among the theologians of the Abrahamic religions, revelation and the resulting beliefs are considered valid and are emphasized and accepted as one of the important ways of acquiring knowledge. The claim of this paper is that it seems that the theory of reliabilism can justifiably justify the propositions and beliefs about the universe that have been obtained through intuition. This justification is especially valuable for those who did not themselves participate in mystical experience. Reliabilism is one of the external approaches to epistemic justification that has a greater talent for justifying intuitive motives.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - The place of corporeality in Mulla Sadra’s epistemology
Fakhrossadat Alavi Najaf Yazdani

This research has examined the position of corporeality in Sadra's transcendental epistemological system by a descriptive-analytical method. The necessity of such research is that there are some significant evidences in this system that indicate to the rejection of the More

This research has examined the position of corporeality in Sadra's transcendental epistemological system by a descriptive-analytical method. The necessity of such research is that there are some significant evidences in this system that indicate to the rejection of the human body and the material world in the process of acquiring knowledge. In fact, contrary to certain epistemologists who consider the physical aspects as one of the main pillars of acquiring knowledge, it seems that Mulla Sadra did not consider the corporeity and its requirements, important in true knowledge and preferred to acquire such knowledge through the immaterial soul and  meta-physical (above tangible) worlds. Analyzing the important components involved in the process of knowledge in Mulla Sadra's expression and despite the existence of seven evidences of rejecting the physicality, in general, it seems that Sadra's epistemology cannot be considered as an anti-physical system, but regarding the various affirmations of physicality in this system- including the causality of the physical objects and the effective intervention of the physical requirements  of perception to attain the first level of knowledge, and the realization of perfection for the human soul by obstructing bodily affairs- this negative evidences should be considered, instead of rejecting the physicality and humiliating of natural sciences, as a sign of the concerns of transcendental philosophy to exalt all human sciences, including the humanities, experimental and technical sciences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Studying Mollasadra’s Viewpoint on Authority and Cause and Effect Necessity
Keygobad Daneshian Kananlou Ebrahim Aghazadeh Tavvakol Kouhi gabalo

Authority and its relationship with the philosophical principle of cause and effect necessity is known as one of the most essential and challenging topical issues among philosophers and Islamic orators. Each of the scholars in the field has tried to express his own defi More

Authority and its relationship with the philosophical principle of cause and effect necessity is known as one of the most essential and challenging topical issues among philosophers and Islamic orators. Each of the scholars in the field has tried to express his own definition of the issue regarding his own line of thought.The present study deals with the problem regarding a library study data collection and using a descriptive-analytic method and it is fundamental considering the aim of the study. This research intends to investigate the viewpoints of Sadr-al-Motaallehin Shirazi regarding authority and cause and effect principle necessity. After probes of works and writings of Sadra, it was concluded that Sadra’s ideas were rooted in philosophical mysticism principles and he tried to represent authority compatible with cause and effect principle necessity. Believing in such a principle not only does not deny authority but also approves it. It accepts the principle that there isn’t any obligation but one can choose from among different options and this represents the borderline between responsibility and authority clearly and considers authority to be synonymous with being a follower. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Ghazali on Knowledge, with Emphasizing on Revealed Knowledge
Soheyleh Asemi Seyed Hosein Sadjadi Abdol Reza Jamalzadeh

One of the fundamental issues in the course of human perfection is the acquisition of knowledge. The higher level of the human knowledge is, the closer its soul would be to its perfection. This important issue has made many thinkers represent their ideas. Throughout his More

One of the fundamental issues in the course of human perfection is the acquisition of knowledge. The higher level of the human knowledge is, the closer its soul would be to its perfection. This important issue has made many thinkers represent their ideas. Throughout history, thinkers have presented different methods in this regard. The basic difference between these methods is the usage of religion or faith (revelation). As a result, some of these methods have an intellectual basis and some have a faithful (revelatory) basis. Among the most influential people in this process is Imam Mohammad Ghazali. The main goal of the current research is to investigate the effect of Ghazali's epistemological method on the course of philosophy by an analytical-descriptive method. This research seeks to find the answers to these questions, which epistemic method is Ghazali's statements based on? What effects has his method had on the course of philosophy, especially Mulla Sadra's thoughts? Ghazali's dealings with philosophers have brought different perceptions in a way that even some people consider him to be an anti-rational person. But his exact position deserves a more comprehensive and clear investigation. In fact, with his statements, Ghazali established a new mode of moderate rationalism among thinkers. This influence can be found in course of rationalism in philosophy and specifically in Mulla Sadra. He, in agreement with Ghazali, finds philosophical reason unable to provide opinions in all fields and considers benefiting from revelation along with relation to be the most reliable epistemological method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Analyzing the relationships of the foundations of moral knowledge with an emphasis on the basis of reason in the discovery of values From the point of view of Barbara Herman and Mulla Sadra
saeideh Hamledari Ahmad Fazeli

One of the most important topics in the field of moral epistemology is the discussion about "foundations". Although each of the factors of desire, motivation, mandatory ends, emotions, revelation and intuition are known as the basis of moral knowledge, special attention More

One of the most important topics in the field of moral epistemology is the discussion about "foundations". Although each of the factors of desire, motivation, mandatory ends, emotions, revelation and intuition are known as the basis of moral knowledge, special attention has always been focused on the basis of reason. However, if the influence of reason in discovering moral values is measured on the one hand and other bases on the other hand, how will the influence of each of the mentioned bases be and what relationships can be imagined between these knowledge bases and the basis of reason? Barbara Herman, an American philosopher, and Mulla Sadra have considerable opinions in explaining this issue, so it was important and necessary to examine their views. The research was carried out by descriptive-analytical method and using text analysis and the findings showed that assuming other bases of moral knowledge besides reason, three different relationships were extracted between them. Both thinkers claimed that desire, motivation, and obligatory ends, among other things, are necessary and dependent on reason, therefore, they have an "efficacy" relationship with reason. Considering that Mulla Sadra considered the foundations of revelation and intuition to be the support of reason, the relationship of revelation and intuition with reason was considered to be of the type of "effect" relationship, and finally, Herman claimed that emotions are neither the support of reason nor dependent on it, but a complete basis. It is independent, therefore emotions and reason were placed in an "independent" relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - The relationship between the Ideal and Religious Knowledge in Mulla Sadra's theosophy
Abbas Gohari

 This paper has attempted to answer the question: what is the relationship between ideal and religious knowledge? In order to obtain this aim, Mulla Sadra's various and scattered discussions are integrated about knowledge, knower and known in a proper framework. By More

 This paper has attempted to answer the question: what is the relationship between ideal and religious knowledge? In order to obtain this aim, Mulla Sadra's various and scattered discussions are integrated about knowledge, knower and known in a proper framework. By this approach In addition to the new details have been represented in Mulla Sadra's thought, we  encounter a new  doctrine which is resulted in study of ideal knowledge, knower and known. It seems that Mulla Sadra by this discussion has wanted to make the philosophical knowledge close to the religious knowledge, and finally he believed that the both of them are two sides of one reality which can lead to conclude the essence of religion is nothing but wisdom and the rest served merely as a shell to protect this precious core. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - A survey on Dawani’s perspectives on acquired knowledge and its epistemological requirements
Mahmood Ahesteh Einallah Khademi

The problem of acquired knowledge is one of the vital and notable issues in the Islamic philosophy. Philosophers and theologians have made a different approach to the knowledge and its nature. Allameh Dawani had a specific doctrine on the knowledge. He in contrast to th More

The problem of acquired knowledge is one of the vital and notable issues in the Islamic philosophy. Philosophers and theologians have made a different approach to the knowledge and its nature. Allameh Dawani had a specific doctrine on the knowledge. He in contrast to the others has not regarded the acquired knowledge under the category of quality believing that the philosophers who have considered the knowledge as a psychic quality applied simile and metaphors in philosophical discussion. His doctrine has been criticized by later great philosophers such as Mulla Sadra. In this paper his thought on the basis of Mulla Sadra’s works and its epistemological consequences has been explained. The most important requirements are as following: denial of categorical relation view, existence and necessary of nothings, fallacy of common usage instead of real application, rejection of resemblance idea, denial of regarding knowledge as a category, returning acquired knowledge to the knowledge by presence.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Body and its nexus to the Perception in Mulla’s perspective
Ali Reza Hassan pour Zahra Emamy

Islamic philosophers, particularly, Peripatetic, on the basis of relation between the soul and the body and their essence, have regarded the perception as the act of the soul, not of the body. Accordingly, the soul's knowledge to the body is the acquired knowledge. Howe More

Islamic philosophers, particularly, Peripatetic, on the basis of relation between the soul and the body and their essence, have regarded the perception as the act of the soul, not of the body. Accordingly, the soul's knowledge to the body is the acquired knowledge. However, Mulla Sadra maintains that the soul's knowledge to the body is like a self-consciousness which should be considered as knowledge by presence. He holds that the body is not only the object of the soul's knowledge by presence and its self-consciousness, but also it contributes to  all levels of perception; so far once the body has been faced a disorder, every level of perception, even the rational one, will be subjected to change. In this paper, firstly, Sadra’s doctrine on the types of body will be explained, and then we will deal with the problem of soul's knowledge to the body and the role of body in perception. Secondly, we will come to the conclusion that the body is the one stage of the soul's various levels, not a substance separated from it. This allows us to assert that the role and the contribution of the body in perception, though not the same as that of the soul in perception, it is not less than that; and one detaches from the idea that the soul plays the role in perception solely. In fact, Sadra’s knowledge of the soul is not merely a suvey of the soul; it is also an explanation of the human essence which is not plausible without paying attention to corporeal dimension of human being. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - The role of the body in appearance of sensory perception in Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra’s perspectives
Javad Parsaee Hossein Ghafari

The first level in acquired knowledge which is achieved by human beings, is sensory knowledge. By sensual knowledge, the imaginary and rational knowledge are made. Hence, discussion on the quality of sensual perception is important. Since the sensory knowledge is provid More

The first level in acquired knowledge which is achieved by human beings, is sensory knowledge. By sensual knowledge, the imaginary and rational knowledge are made. Hence, discussion on the quality of sensual perception is important. Since the sensory knowledge is provided by external senses, the question arises about the process of emergence of perceptions, what role does the body and its faculties play? Do the body and its faculties have played a role in itself or by accident? Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra's discussion on psychology and knowledge and perception has certain principles which lead to the different views on this issue. first of all, in this paper Mulla Sadra and Avicenna’s elements on the question have been explained and then their approach to the body role in appearance of sensual knowledge has been taken into consideration. As a result, according to Avicenna’s sensual perception is material and done by the brain, therefore, the body and its faculties have the main role in emergence of the perception, but according to Mulla Sadra, sensual perception is immaterial entirely, and body and its faculties are regarded as an instrument and preparatory cause. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Mulla Sadra’s Strong fundationalism and epistemic justification
Bagher Gorgin Najaf Yazdani Ali Nasr abadi

Strong foundationalism is considered as one of the theories of epistemic justification with a long-standing history. Most of traditional philosophers including Plato and Aristotle in Greece to the Muslim philosophers, rationalists and empiricists  in the modern cla More

Strong foundationalism is considered as one of the theories of epistemic justification with a long-standing history. Most of traditional philosophers including Plato and Aristotle in Greece to the Muslim philosophers, rationalists and empiricists  in the modern classic era, and some contemporary philosophers have accepted this doctrine. Mulla Sadra is also a foundationalist epistemologically. It should be also pointed that the foundationalism in the western epistemology is based on a concentration on judgmental acquired knowledge rather than conceptual knowledge. It is assumed that the knowledge is merely a matter of judgment than conceptual.  However, Mulla Sadra’s view has been established when conceptual knowledge was in the center of attention and on the basis of this knowledge, sapiential knowledge has been considered.  For the most important reason for strong foundationalism is based on the notion of cognitive regress infinitum. He by acknowledging the foundationalism, has defended this theory. Mulla Sadra justified the knowledge by the self- evident knowledge and based on their clarity and distinct transparency, he tries to justify the other own beliefs. His approach to pass from self- evident knowledge to the speculative is in fact demonstrative syllogism completely adjust to the strong foundationalism. As a result, it could be claimed that Sadra's theory is susceptible to be unfettered from the problems such as non-standard basic propositions,  the limitation of the self- evident statements, the lack of common middle term in the self- evident propositions and the relationship between the self- evident and truth which could be also raised against foundationalism. However, Mullasadra’s existential outlook to the knowledge and  the role of knowledge in presence in his epistemology let him to answer the questions raising against the basic propositions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Acquired knowledge to the necessary Being in Mulla Sadra’s approach
Mohammad Kazem Reza zadeh joudi

Knowing  God is  the hiest level of  human knowledges. The mode of this knowledge has always been notable and controversial subject. The acquired knowledge is one of the two kinds of knowledge  in which by the mental concepts  the knowledge of o More

Knowing  God is  the hiest level of  human knowledges. The mode of this knowledge has always been notable and controversial subject. The acquired knowledge is one of the two kinds of knowledge  in which by the mental concepts  the knowledge of objects can be achieved. In Transcendental theosophy, Knowledge of thing,  has been On the basis of criteria such as the existential relationship between Two objects, Perceived thing should be an effect  and depends on its  existential  degree. Accordingly, the basic question is, How is the acquired knowledge to the necessary Being ? Mulla Sadra, by representing different levels of knowledge of God such as essence, attributes   and acts, rejects the acquired knowledge in certain levels. In this article, at the first section, three criteria for obtaining acquired knowledge between two objects has been Explained. in the second part, the reasons for rejecting the acquired knowledge to God’s  nature such as :God's specific being, essential simpility & his infinity , And the possibility of acquired knowledge of divine attributes and acts has been taken into consideration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Metaphysical Auditory Perception in Mulla Sadra’s perspective
Abdollah Salavati Shahnaz Shayan far

According to the authors, metaphysical auditory perception, as one of the philosophical Predications, is a perception in which immaterial agent presents as the complimentary of the auditory perception. There are no coherent and independent discussion More

According to the authors, metaphysical auditory perception, as one of the philosophical Predications, is a perception in which immaterial agent presents as the complimentary of the auditory perception. There are no coherent and independent discussions in the  Muslim  philosophers’ works in general and Mulla Sadra particularly on the metaphysical auditory perception as one of the ways of understanding. So far, Independent research has not been written in this field. At this query based on interior possibilities of Mulla Sadra’s metaphysics and his scattered sayings - component and elements of metaphysical auditory perception has been considered. The main questions, in the research are: What meanings and  levels  of  metaphysical auditory perception, have been proposed in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy?  How  can we explain unusual levels of metaphysical auditory perception by using his own metaphysics? Some achievements of the query include: in Mullasadra’s theosophy, three levels of metaphysical auditory perception and five features of the perception can be found and concluded. Also, accordingly another  characteristic entitled "God witnesses on  all  hearings" in metaphysical  auditory perception has been observed and approved in two approaches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Presence and being in the world in Mulla Sadra and Heidegger’s philosophy
Fatemeh ghowanloo Hamed Naji Isfahani

Human’s knowledge by presence to himself is the foundation of his presence in his sight and direct intuition of the being. Mulla Sadra has rescued human being from the insurmountable gap of contradiction between subject and object relying on the self as a being wh More

Human’s knowledge by presence to himself is the foundation of his presence in his sight and direct intuition of the being. Mulla Sadra has rescued human being from the insurmountable gap of contradiction between subject and object relying on the self as a being which identifies the being and knowledge. The mankind by his presence finds his existence connected to the external world. Finding the self in the midst of creatures and having a specific relation with the world means being in the world. Heidegger also raises the issue of presence and being in the world regarding human’s specific relation with the world and his ability to interpret and evaluate the existence and being beyond-existence. Therefore, it can be said that human’s presence in itself is the basis of his being in the world. By this consideration, there are many similarities between Sadra and Heidegger’s doctrine. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Effects of Enclosure, Rest-delayed and Continuous Grazing Treatments on Production Rate and Vegetation Cover of SadrAbad Nodoushan of Yazd Pastures A.
A. Mirjalili

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Investigating the Fluctuations of Precipitation on Rangeland Vegetation Yield and Cover in Steppic Rangelands (Case study: Sadrabad Rangelands of Nadoushan-Yazd province-Iran)
hadi farokhi Saeid Mohtashamnia Majid Abbasizadeh

Investigating rangeland vegetation cover and yield changes in relation to precipitation fluctuations is considered as an important factor which can be affected on range ecosystem analysis, grazing management, rehabilitation and reclamation programs. In this research, th More

Investigating rangeland vegetation cover and yield changes in relation to precipitation fluctuations is considered as an important factor which can be affected on range ecosystem analysis, grazing management, rehabilitation and reclamation programs. In this research, the precipitation fluctuations on rangeland vegetation cover and yield of steppic rangelands was considered in Nadoushan-Yazd province. For investigating cover and precipitation effect, three main species were selected and measured. Based on palatability, yield has been measured in random plots. Finally, statistical analysis was conducted by using stepwis regression techniques. Results showed the most dominant species reacted to precipitation fluctuations. Erotia ceratoides cover showed positive regression with recent precipitation whereas Stipa barbata and Artemisia sieberi cover had related with January to March precipitation. Basically, precipitation has the most effect on whole vegetation particularly class III plants and growth season besides winter season caused production in class II and I respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Examining the Position of Movement in the Perceptual Promotion of Mosques, Based on the Epistemological Views of Mulla Sadra(Case Study: Hakim Mosque)
Mahdi Baniasadi Baghmirani Seyed Behshid Hosseini azadeh اshahcheraghi

The basis of Mullah Sadra's epistemological discussions is based on the theory of substantial motion. Based on this theory, the promotion of perception in mosques requires movement of the audience in spaces. In this presence, different levels of movement are experienced More

The basis of Mullah Sadra's epistemological discussions is based on the theory of substantial motion. Based on this theory, the promotion of perception in mosques requires movement of the audience in spaces. In this presence, different levels of movement are experienced, which elevates the perception of the observer from the material level to the spiritual level. Considering the importance of this issue, the purpose of this research is to identify types of movement in architectural spaces, and to analyze how to promote perception in mosques. The key question is: How does movement in the spaces of mosques make it possible to promote perception? And in different levels of movement in mosques, which of the perceptual hierarchy is experienced? This research is interdisciplinary, analytical-interpretive and case study. In the research literature, through the analysis of philosophical texts and relying on Mulla Sadra's theory of substantial motion, the perceptual hierarchy and types of movement have been explained, and it has been analyzed in the space of mosques; Finally, with an interpretive view, the position of movement in the perceptual hierarchy in Hakim Mosque has been investigated. According to the theory of substantial motion, with the movement of the observer in the spaces of mosques, including the Hakim Mosque, in the passage of time, a level of movement occurs on the individual, which initially includes perception in the material layer; But the higher levels of movement and the evolution of the essence of the human soul, perceptions belong to the inner layer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Reincarnation in Hinduism Culture and Mulla Sadra's Philosophical School
neda bahrami abbas ghohari

DOR:20.1001.1.17358663.1398.14.40.6.8

The ancestors had different beliefs because of their lack of awareness and aristocracy about the afterlife. Among these beliefs is the "reincarnation" that is defined by the law of karma: the quality and manner of the rebirth, life and subsequent destiny of man, which a More

The ancestors had different beliefs because of their lack of awareness and aristocracy about the afterlife. Among these beliefs is the "reincarnation" that is defined by the law of karma: the quality and manner of the rebirth, life and subsequent destiny of man, which are determined by his actions, speech and thought in the previous life. This series of rebirth is continued, and ultimately, according to the doctrine of Moksha the soul can be saved and liberated. The "Reincarnation Theory" as a manifestation of customs and culture has been the cognitive marker of certain religions in the Indian land. The main point of this paper is to examine the place of reincarnation as one of the cultural dimensions of Hinduism and its criticism in Mulla Sadra's philosophical school. This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, in addition to analyzing the functions and effects of the belief in reincarnation on Indian culture, seeks to analyze Mulla Sadra's innovative arguments for its revocation. The cultural functions of reincarnation include: deterrence, moral values creation, caste sovereignty, the justification of suffering, and the value of good deeds. In addition to presenting arguments for denial of disfigurement, Mulla Sadra has provided arguments for self-esteem, potency and act arguments, substantial motion, etc. to reject their theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - The crisis in the formation of Newsadriadrians political thought
mohamad poorgorban حمید رضا تبشیری

10.30495/psq.2022.1949063.2134

The present paper examines the political thought of the newness, which is referred to as political and religious leaders in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a philosophical stream in contemporary Iran, and addressed whether the social crises are ten 20 Up to 57 (AH) had More

The present paper examines the political thought of the newness, which is referred to as political and religious leaders in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a philosophical stream in contemporary Iran, and addressed whether the social crises are ten 20 Up to 57 (AH) had an impact on the formation of the political thought of the newness and, in the event of an impact, what did they see their community crisis? What did they know about? What kind of government did the alternative model for the political system? What are the solutions to the desirable community in their thoughts? The hypothesis of this article is that the crisis of ten 20 to 57 (H) He also saw his community crisis in issues such as lack of political independence, extreme Westernist, and introduce the cause of the angle of finding Mohammadi Islam. He knows the pattern for the political system for the formation of the Islamic Republic and the strategy of reaching the desirable community in the center of Islam in independence, religious democracy, and so on. Therefore, this paper aims to explain the political thought of newness in the interpretation method of crisis theory and using data analysis by library method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Mowlana’s cry, Masnavi’s gem
Ali Sanayei

This article aims at discussing the main concepts in Masnavi.  An analysis of the content is also offered from the point of view of Molla Sadra’s three principle and Mowlana’s Gnosticism.

This article aims at discussing the main concepts in Masnavi.  An analysis of the content is also offered from the point of view of Molla Sadra’s three principle and Mowlana’s Gnosticism. Manuscript profile

List of Articles Sadra

Sanad

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages