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Open Access Article
1 - Elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?”
Seyede Sorayya Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Mehdizade TaleshiThe current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is &l MoreThe current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is “scene”. Statistical population of this research is 90 scenes of movie “Have You Another Apple?”. Data were collected through the census method and were analyzed using SPSS. The findings have been analyzed based on “intertextuality” and “decline of metanarrative”. The result shows this film is a postmodern movie without a classic hero. It involves the audiences in storytelling. The film is dominated by a pseudo-surreal sphere. The postmodern films include lots of signifiers that their signified is made in audiences' minds. “Have You Another Apple?” is full of signs and symbols. Many of scenes look like painting, so it could be concluded that the figure is dominant. The main character in “Have You Another Apple?” is not like the heroes in classic films; he is immature and fool. In the most scenes of this movie, human is portrayed as a “captive”. Based on the results characters rarely try to escape from oppression, and in the most scenes they surrender. At the end of the movie, nobody overcome the oppression. The movie denies the active and aware subject and the possibility of human liberation and emancipation. This film ends while the main character running that reminds “Sisyphus Cycle and the Futility”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Postmodernism in the International Relations
Alireza Azghandi Mohsen MahmoudiPostmodernists in the arena of International Relations maintain that it is possible to ventureinto the field and view its subjects and principles in different ways. From their point of view,the basic concepts of classical IR theories have collapsed and loosen their cert MorePostmodernists in the arena of International Relations maintain that it is possible to ventureinto the field and view its subjects and principles in different ways. From their point of view,the basic concepts of classical IR theories have collapsed and loosen their certainty and universality.In this new approach, what has previously been in the foreground can be marginalizedand the issues which have been downgraded marginal can be brought to the mainstreamof international studies. The main target of postmodernists like Der Derian, Ashley, Diutakand others is to problematize and eliminate those assumptions of IR theory. Which claim todemonstrate the reality at international level and recognize it through positivist methods. Thisarticle is divided into four sections: the first deals with the relationship between power andknowledge in the context of IR; the second discusses a summary of textual strategies appliedin postmodern approaches to international relations; the third section shows how postmodernismin related to the state, and the forth section briefly explains the ethical orientation ofpostmodernism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Human Existence: Comparison Mulla Sadra’s Philosophical Account with Postmodernist one
دکتر عباس گوهری سید مهدی بیابانکیIt is, here, presented the two conceptions of human being which are incontrast with each other: postmodern conception of contemporaryhuman being is the first one and the other is the Mulla Sadra’sconception which is based on Islamic text. In postmodern conception, MoreIt is, here, presented the two conceptions of human being which are incontrast with each other: postmodern conception of contemporaryhuman being is the first one and the other is the Mulla Sadra’sconception which is based on Islamic text. In postmodern conception,human being is a spiritless body who is narcissistic charm andendeavors to accomplish his pleasures maximally. In the secondconception, man is a passenger who has an end and begins to journeyfrom mondial world enthusiastically and moves every moment towardhis end. The first conception is the actual model of modern humanbeing and the second is the model of human being as human beings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Analysis of the 21st Century Global Culture System and its Impact on Ethnic Interactions in Southwest Asia
masood taheri Golam hasan Heydari Ezat allah EzatiThe emergence of the international system since the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought analysts to issues of politics and power to the increasing importance of culture and its political role. Due to the impact of the Global Geocaching System on Ethnic Interactions MoreThe emergence of the international system since the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought analysts to issues of politics and power to the increasing importance of culture and its political role. Due to the impact of the Global Geocaching System on Ethnic Interactions, the author of this paper, using a descriptive-analytical approach and library studies, aims to analyze the 21st Century Global Geocaching System and its impact on Southwest Asian societies. The emergence of identity movements in Southwest Asia and new social movements in the West indicate that new forces worldwide are emerging from all the dominant structures. Thus, in the field of world politics and domestic politics, power is no longer merely a monopoly of states, but these forces, which have entered the field of politics as new actors and actors, havebeen able to increase the power and politics of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Creation and Reviewing Hyper Stories in Martin Leuis Amis’s Works: A Lyotardic Approach
Ali Jamali Nesari Shahram Validi Hiva VeysiJean-François Lyotard discusses postmodernism and its conditions and characteristics, and lists features for postmodern culture, works and ideas. One of the features that distinguishes postmodernism from other literary and cultural periods and schools is the fail MoreJean-François Lyotard discusses postmodernism and its conditions and characteristics, and lists features for postmodern culture, works and ideas. One of the features that distinguishes postmodernism from other literary and cultural periods and schools is the failure and collapse of macro – narrations. Thus, it can be claimed that literary works, downplay macro – narrations, weaken their foundations, move towards postmodernism and place themselves to a greater or lesser degree among postmodern works. The present study aims to survey the three selected works of Martin Amis from cstructure and reviewing hyper stories and show how literature and philosophy, side by side, depict the disintegration of rigid discourses and, in the exhaustion of despair, they consider the possibility of the emergence of a new discourse or narrative. The method of the study is interdisciplinary that have been done as a librarian technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The narration of symbolism and the flow of mind in the symphony of the deads and towards the lighthouse
Kian PishkarThe field of comparative literature is one of the largest and most extensive fields of study in world literature, which can open many openings for literary enthusiasts to know nations, literature, cultures, traditions and thoughts. Among the great Iranian and British wr MoreThe field of comparative literature is one of the largest and most extensive fields of study in world literature, which can open many openings for literary enthusiasts to know nations, literature, cultures, traditions and thoughts. Among the great Iranian and British writers, many people have heard the names of Abbas Maroufi and Ms. Virginia Woolf and are not familiar with their valuable works that have undoubtedly influenced the literature of their country and the world. The novels "Symphony of the Deads" by Abbas Maroofi (1957) and "Towards the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf (1942-1882) are valuable and great works of Persian and English literature that have their own unique features and characteristics that comparative study of their narration based on modern narrative, the proposed format and structure of the fluid flow of the mind, while facilitating their literary understanding, can provide a new way in the practical study of modern and postmodern comparative literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Derrida,Jacques Literature and Deconstruction
Kian PishtazJacques Derrida is one of the most influential figures in literary theory in the English-speaking world, yet much of his writing on literary texts and on the question of literature is not easily available in translation. This essay brings together a number of the ideas MoreJacques Derrida is one of the most influential figures in literary theory in the English-speaking world, yet much of his writing on literary texts and on the question of literature is not easily available in translation. This essay brings together a number of the ideas on the English literary texts and figures; and also. indicates some of Derrida's ideas about politics, literature and feminism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A postmodern reading of the meaning of history in the two plays “Arcadia” by Tom Stoppard and “Death of YazdGerd” by Bhram Beizaei
Behzad Gaderi Sahmi Seyyedeh Anahit KazzaziIn recent decades there have been many critiques on the meaning of history and matters that historians have paid attention to in postmodern scientific and philosophical gatherings. The most important consequence of these critiques is challenging the task MoreIn recent decades there have been many critiques on the meaning of history and matters that historians have paid attention to in postmodern scientific and philosophical gatherings. The most important consequence of these critiques is challenging the task of history in providing an objective and scientific image of the past events. This relative perspective on the accuracy and authenticity of history vacillates in the achievement of the historical truth through questioning its nature and essence and asserts that historians have constantly replicated the past events through their power of imagination and dependency on personal beliefs. In harmony with deterioration of the meaning of history in philosophy, literary writers also decided to narrate the history in their works as the wanted. The offspring of this approach is a type of literature which could be termed “Replacement of History” in Persian. This research presents a comprehensive. postmodernist overview of history and then compares two replacements of history “Arcadia” by Tom Stoppard and “Death of YazdGerd” by Bhram Beizaei from this viewpoint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - ISIS: An Actor with Pre-Modern Thought and Ultra- Modern Instruments
masoud motallebi لیلی حیدریIslamic group Isis is one of the most important salafi That has been able to dominate parts of Iraq and Syria in short time and be in focus of regional and international change. ISIS can be seen as an extreme actors in search of redemption, rescues and returns to the in MoreIslamic group Isis is one of the most important salafi That has been able to dominate parts of Iraq and Syria in short time and be in focus of regional and international change. ISIS can be seen as an extreme actors in search of redemption, rescues and returns to the initial ideals of Islam.This group consider itself as a identity phenomenon with task of reviving the Islamic caliphate and Emarat and the restoration of Sunni glory. Isis is also an example of new terrorist groups, transnational and global nature, that emphases on terror and violence,it has transcend modern, state-centered, materialistic interests and seeking confined to the boundaries passed and focuses on identity claim is global. The main problem of the present article is manifested in question ” how actors is Isis intellectually and how uses cyberspace in order to advance it is goals?” . The proposed hypotheses is "Isis, although is intellectually pre –modern but is a typical of post-modern terrorism in virtual space that uses it is facilities in order to introduce itself and to make terrorist network to creat"Islamic caliphate" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - From Postmodernism to Neo-realism in Julian Barnes’ Flaubert Parrot and The Only Story
Masoumeh Bakhtiari Leila Baradaran Jamili Bahman ZaarinjooeeAs a dominant tradition in writing, postmodernism was widely embraced during mid and late twentieth century. Many contemporary authors, and in particular some British authors, deemed postmodernism as alien to their own traditional modes of writing. Julian Barnes, the co MoreAs a dominant tradition in writing, postmodernism was widely embraced during mid and late twentieth century. Many contemporary authors, and in particular some British authors, deemed postmodernism as alien to their own traditional modes of writing. Julian Barnes, the contemporary British author who once hailed postmodernism in his writings critically challenged and opposed it. The present research is an attempt to critically and analytically investigate this shift from his postmodern work Flaubert Parrot, to his more recent neo-realistic work The Only Story through the lens of Jacques Ranciere. The main hypothesis is that the late Barnes has truly grasped the dynamic of author-subject as indicated in his return to neo-realism from Postmodern grand narrative. To accomplish this goal the researchers have employed some of Ranciere’s concepts including ‘politics of aesthetics,’ ‘regimes of art,’ ‘distribution and redistribution of sensible’ to scrutinize the causes of this shift and his return to more essentialist and humanistic modes of thought and writing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Formative Tricks in the Story of “Bivatan” written by Reza Amirkhani
Manige Farajian Mohtaram Ali Dehghan Ayyoub KoushanFocusing on form and high lighting it has changed in to an advantage for postmodernist authors. The meaning of Form in this trend refers to the format of stating or meaning making method. In this style all the preperations that are at the service MoreFocusing on form and high lighting it has changed in to an advantage for postmodernist authors. The meaning of Form in this trend refers to the format of stating or meaning making method. In this style all the preperations that are at the service of developing a new and original form of representing meaning are considered as the inner aspect of the form and the way words are written on the paper، playing with words، repetition and so on are considered as the outer aspect of the form. Focusing on the outer form sometimes causes the writer to tend to words the formation with an inexcusable excess and to fail to express meaning. Therefore in contemporary criticism، the study and analysis of technics of innovations that theauthor uses for postmodernism meaning making uses for postmodernism meaning making have been at the center of attention.The purpose of this article is to examine the innovative semantic tricks in Amirkhani's "Bivatan". Based on this, recognizing the type of forms and novel forms used in “bivatan” and their effects on the meaning and deepening of content have been the main questions of this research. Examining the elements of the forms and analyzing their roles in highlighting the themes of the story shows that Amirkhani's method was not merely apparent modernization, and he gave a special and thought-provoking depth to the content of the text by dynamically defamiliarizing and highlighting the form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Language as the Representation of Postmodernism in the book “Asfar-eh Kateban” (The books of scribes)
Azardokht Khatibi Rahim Taher Reza FahimiThe Book of Scribes (Asfare Kateban) is a different novel whose summary requires substantial care and attention. The different features of this novel are in harmony with the constituent elements of postmodern stories since it consists of several narrations that are some MoreThe Book of Scribes (Asfare Kateban) is a different novel whose summary requires substantial care and attention. The different features of this novel are in harmony with the constituent elements of postmodern stories since it consists of several narrations that are somehow related to each other. But its beginning and ending are unclear. Its beginning is related to one narration and its end is taken from another narration. There are many contradictions and inconsistencies in its components. Therefore, its audience must be a storyteller, and have a postmodern worldview in order to be able to search for its scattered components. But all this feature can only be transmitted to the audience through language. A language that has its own difficulties. It is not transparent and does not value the boundaries of both time and two-time. The language he wants is both an expression and a means of expression on dream and dream data, nightmares, myths, symbols, illusions and imagination. However, the information in this article is provided in a library style and then described using an analytical method. In general, it seems that the author, with many inter-textual references, tries to turn the reader's attention to mythological, historical, personal, social and psychological issues and to show that man is not alone and from the history of our land, the only voice of tyranny and oppression can be heard. It is always written in the absence of oppressed people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Religion and Post-Modernism challenges in Adonis poems: An Epistemological Approach
Khalil parvini Kobra Rawshanfekr Seyyed Hossain HossainiThe philosophical basis of postmodernism, especially in cosmological sphere, is on the lack of the belief in the metaphysics and the skepticism in efficiency of religious framework for understanding human essence which is based on rationality, instinct and revelation. T MoreThe philosophical basis of postmodernism, especially in cosmological sphere, is on the lack of the belief in the metaphysics and the skepticism in efficiency of religious framework for understanding human essence which is based on rationality, instinct and revelation. The sovereignty of language is very important in this trend, because the language from this point of view is the essential device for understanding values and their mechanisms. Within the postmodern ideology, language and all its manifestations are understood as cultural symbols outside the realm of "absolutism". This attitude led to impose "relativism" and "individualism" upon the exhaustive principles (grand narratives) that were earlier considered universal. This philosophical effort especially in metaphysics and occult fields has not yet reached to reliable facts. The focus of this paper is on the study of the challenge of religion and Postmodernism and the anxieties emerged from it in the poetry of Adonis. The article in a descriptive-analytical method and by a philosophical-cognitive approach studies those poems of Adonis that bear such philosophical outlooks. It concludes that postmodernism in the poetry of Adonis shows this tension in the following fields: relativism; denial of absolutism; refute of grand narratives and disobedience to religion which do not conform to the absolute religious principles of monotheism, especially of Islam. In this study we have also pointed to the philosophical differences that postmodernism has brought about, because of its distance from the religion of Islam and its interaction with the texts of the other revealed religions. So, it is clear that the problem of the Western postmodern philosophy with religion results from the idea that their religious text does not provide them with convincing knowledge in most cases. What we have seen in those texts, therefore, is a multiple and contradictory interpretations throughout different periods, the interpretations that postmodernism announced its main desires, that we see so much in the poetry of Adonis with a philosophical taste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Study and analysis of postmodern features in the novel “Forsaan va kahana” by “Munther Al Qabbani” as a model
Mahmoudreza Tavakoli Mohammadi Azadeh MontazeriPostmodernism is one of the most controversial issues in the world of literary criticism, and this is probably due to the nature of postmodernism, which implies complexity, incoherence, disintegration and fragmentation, as well as pervasiveness in many disciplines of th MorePostmodernism is one of the most controversial issues in the world of literary criticism, and this is probably due to the nature of postmodernism, which implies complexity, incoherence, disintegration and fragmentation, as well as pervasiveness in many disciplines of the humanities and literary. This theory suggests confusion, lack of unity and harmony, irrationality, imagination and relativism of reality. Hence, many contemporary theorists have addressed the concept of postmodernism through various theories. In this regard, this article, based on a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the features of postmodernism in the novel " Forsan va kahana" by the Saudi author "Munther Al Qabbani". Among the characteristics of the novel is the spatial-temporal anxiety as well as the discrete and incoherent plot of the novel, in addition to the fact that the text of the novel interferes with other scientific, religious and historical texts that indicates the incoherence of the text. Finally, we must say that although this novel is not just a postmodern novel, but the features of postmodernism of the novel outweigh the features of modernism.Keywords: Postmodernism, Contemporary Prose, Munther Al Qabbani, Novel, Forsan va kahana "Knights and Priests". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Study on postmodern strategies of "Pir e Changi" of Mathnavi
Leila Rezaei Abbas JahedjahMathnavi – Ma'navi is the most innovative and wonderful work in classic Persian literature because of its new narrative strategies. These special strategies that jalal al-Din Rumi used in the narration of the tales that found In other Persian literature books befo MoreMathnavi – Ma'navi is the most innovative and wonderful work in classic Persian literature because of its new narrative strategies. These special strategies that jalal al-Din Rumi used in the narration of the tales that found In other Persian literature books before Mathnavi, have some resemblances with modern or postmodern narratives. One of these innovative narratives in Mathnavi is the fiction of "Pir e Changi" (the oldman who plays harp). Rumi has presented this fiction with many changes and so this narrative is not in the original form as mentioned in "Asrar al Tawhid (the mystery of Unification) by Mohammad ibn Monavvar. In this article this tale from mathnavi has been studied in the field of postmodern criticism by the theory of Brian Mchale. The result shows that we can find the evidences of postmodern fictions as: death of the author, autonomy of characters, the end of metafictions, open ending and the combination of parallel worlds. Manuscript profile -
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16 - Analysis and criticizing of the implication of multi-cultural education with an emphasize on Michel Foucault opinions
Najmeh Ahmadabadi Arani Hamid Ahmadi Hedayat Mohsen farmahini farahaniThe purpose of the present research is to analyze and critique the implications of multicultural education with an emphasis on Michel Foucault's views. To achieve this goal, conceptual and critical analysis methods have been used. Foucault, as a postmodernist theorist, MoreThe purpose of the present research is to analyze and critique the implications of multicultural education with an emphasis on Michel Foucault's views. To achieve this goal, conceptual and critical analysis methods have been used. Foucault, as a postmodernist theorist, proposes a kind of education in which the issue of culture and justice is important. While criticizing power relations in educational systems, he has provided significant implications for multicultural education. In his view, the basis for education should be based on democratic and non-authoritarian methods, and the interests of the members and various components of society, including other cultures, should be taken into consideration. Foucault criticizes the textbooks as functions of history, society, and power, and believes that texts have always been used as tools of power. By examining Foucault's educational opinions, it can be admitted that his implications for educational and cultural justice will be. Nevertheless, criticisms can be made, such as the criticality of the revelation of reality, the emphasis on epistemological relativism, the divergence of education policies, the lack of presumptions in the discussion of discourse, and the lack of solutions to educational issues. Manuscript profile -
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17 - Review on Postmodernist reading of knowledge developments with emphasis on Lyotard's view and its requirements for curriculum elements.
hadi ghaderyani irandokht fayyaz mostafa ghaderi akbar rahnamaThe present article aims to answer the question of what the attitude towards knowledge will entail for the elements of the curriculum and examines the evolution of science from the perspective of postmodernism with emphasis on Lyotard's perspective. Method: This study i MoreThe present article aims to answer the question of what the attitude towards knowledge will entail for the elements of the curriculum and examines the evolution of science from the perspective of postmodernism with emphasis on Lyotard's perspective. Method: This study is a critical discourse, a qualitative approach that was done with a systematic review method. The statistical population was all writings and articles related to postmodernism and curriculum that were selected with a purposeful Gabri sample and with Persian and English keywords from 2004 to 2018. Findings: It has been shown that according to Lyotard, he had scientific knowledge, claim to freedom, liberation and progress; In practice, however, with technological development, it distanced itself from the above ideals and neglected its literary and aesthetic aspects by reducing its various aspects to a small extent. The requirements of this view of knowledge for curriculum elements, resulting in results such as: attention to critical education and doubt in accepting educational content as non-historical, neutral, separate from value and power, attention to plurality and lack of focus in education and looking at the program A lesson is a contract between educational actors and countering the commercialization of knowledge. Manuscript profile -
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18 - The Role of Liberalism and the Collapse of Communism in Expanding Mysticism & Spirituality
Amirreza Habibi samad ghaempanah Hasan Shamsini Ghiasvand Seyyed Assadollah AthariSince the Age of Enlightenment which is based on giving value to the inherent dignity and individual freedom, has paved the way for many schools of spirituality e.g Mysticism and improved the authenticity of human dignity. On the other hand, Communism was the most signi MoreSince the Age of Enlightenment which is based on giving value to the inherent dignity and individual freedom, has paved the way for many schools of spirituality e.g Mysticism and improved the authenticity of human dignity. On the other hand, Communism was the most significant ideology in contrast with Mysticism as well as religion and spirituality. By Collapse of the Soviet Union and ending the Cold War, Communism started declining and Mysticism began to grow and expand over the world. In fact, Liberalism wasn’t basically against the spirituality so it helped to regenerate the religion and Mysticism especially Islamic Mysticism in Postmodernism Era. As a result, the global anthropology gave a special concentration on the spirituality, love, and lindness. It means that the process of globalization aligned well with the concept of spirituality in human life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - “Examining Aesthetics in the school of Postmodernism in»name name baranam«&» aghl azabam midahad« by Ali Babachahi” د
Ronak Joharzadeh Shahrokh Hekmat Majid AziziThe entry of postmodern poetry to Persian Literature, led to some poets of the seventies making some modifications to the statistics and literary rules. Ali Babachahi has decided on the clarification of some features by presenting a postmodern poem scheme. The features MoreThe entry of postmodern poetry to Persian Literature, led to some poets of the seventies making some modifications to the statistics and literary rules. Ali Babachahi has decided on the clarification of some features by presenting a postmodern poem scheme. The features read as uncertainty, free verse reading, death of the author and paradox all if which being fully traceable in poem collections called “Drizzling” and “ Mind tortures me” .It ‘s been meant to analyze the weaknesses and strengths of this kind of poetry by perusing the stylistics studying them in three aspects of linguistic, content and literariness in this research .The entry of postmodern poetry to Persian Literature, led to some poets of the seventies making some modifications to the statistics and literary rules. Ali Babachahi has decided on the clarification of some features by presenting a postmodern poem scheme. The features read as uncertainty, free verse reading, death of the author and paradox all if which being fully traceable in poem collections called “Drizzling” and “ Mind tortures me” .It ‘s been meant to analyze the weaknesses and strengths of this kind of poetry by perusing the stylistics studying them in three aspects of linguistic, content and literariness in this research . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The methods of postmodernism in the Iranian novel Sepideh-Dam based on Brian McHale's theory
Sahar Alikahi Latifeh Salamat Bavil Alireza SalehiPostmodernist theories are divided into two main groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Brillois, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of postmodernist components (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal disorder, etc.). In the second group, th MorePostmodernist theories are divided into two main groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Brillois, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of postmodernist components (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal disorder, etc.). In the second group, the most significant theory has been proposed by Brian McHale, who uses the concept of "dominant element" in Russian-formalism to explain postmodernism and considers the characteristic of postmodernism to be existentialism (as opposed to epistemology, which is the dominant element of modernism).In order to achieve this goal, first of all, the methods and components of the Iranian novel "Sapidh-Dam" are extracted and the elements of the story, concept, form, or form are examined. Then, based on Brian McHale's prevailing theory, which considers the characteristic of postmodern stories to be ontological discussions, it is determined to what extent these methods and components play a role in highlighting the ontological elements of the work. The result shows that in this novel, the author has made good use of the technique of polyphony, uncertainty, short connection, incoherence of the mind and confusion of the characters... in the best way. He placed his novel next to postmodern works. Manuscript profile -
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21 - A comparative investigation into the features of postmodernism in the stories “Tafriq-e-khak” and “dastan-e-viran” by Abutorab Khosravi
Saeed Hessampour Samin kamaliPost-modernism is one of the modern actions in the Persian literature which it is so considered in the narrative literature in a particular way and different works have been created with a post–modernist approach recently. One of the authors who has been affected MorePost-modernism is one of the modern actions in the Persian literature which it is so considered in the narrative literature in a particular way and different works have been created with a post–modernist approach recently. One of the authors who has been affected much more by this action in his short stories is Abootorab khosravi. In this essay, it has been tried to compare and analyze the state of using some of the most important methods of post–modernism in two stories “tafriq-e- khak” and “dastan-e-viran” from this author’s recent collection. For this reason, a brief has been brought from both two narrations at the beginning, then the used methods in each one have been investigated and; consequently, function of these methods has been evaluated with each other. Findings of the study showed that “tafriq-e-khak” story has embossed ontological content as the prominent element of postmodern texts by putting “existence” as the pivotal topic; whereas “dastan-e-viran” has benefited mostly from nominal methods; specially short circuit and consequently attracted the reader to the meta-fictional basis of the work. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Anti-authoritarian Thought from aPostmodern Perspective on Architectural Education
Arezo Zandimoheb Hosein Ardalani kimia mazhari fatemeh rafatiPostmodern Philosophers do not consider teaching authoritarianism and the educational system, hierarchy, etc., to be appropriate for some disciplines. In contrast to the authoritarianism that was posed in the modern and earlier years, dialectical and discursive methods MorePostmodern Philosophers do not consider teaching authoritarianism and the educational system, hierarchy, etc., to be appropriate for some disciplines. In contrast to the authoritarianism that was posed in the modern and earlier years, dialectical and discursive methods have been endorsed by postmodernists, this method is well-known for the creative development that is important in the teaching of architecture. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the quality of learning of architecture education by utilizing postmodern teaching methods. This method seems to be much more suitable for teaching architecture and educating designers. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method, in addition to the description of postmodern education and programming, we have analyzed and explained methods for improving the quality of architecture education. Data collection is based on documents, literature and library studies. The theoretical framework was developed based on the theory of anti—authoritarian education and postmodern education. Finally, strategies to improve this are stated. The results of the article do not seek to define the overall structure in education, but by defining multiple structures in architecture education to increase flexibility and, of course, increase the quality of architecture education. By decentralizing the rules and changing the educational topics in different provinces and climates based on different construction methods, better architectural education is achieved. self-creation is one of the main goals of architecture that can be promoted in a postmodern way, decreasing the focus on the teacher's power and focusing more on the individual ability of students in architectural studios. The role of the teacher is visible as an expert and technician, and through this, the student gains a more complete knowledge of himself and his abilities and completes the path of creativity. Manuscript profile -
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23 - Legal analysis of the evolution of the concepts of power and public order in modern global ideas in the postmodern historical period
Mohammad Mirzaei Mehr Kheirollah Parvin Abdul Karim ShahiderThe issue of power is one of the issues that have been continuously discussed and disputed by political and legal thinkers and philosophers. Based on this, different theories have been proposed regarding its meaning. According to many experts, the new approach to the co MoreThe issue of power is one of the issues that have been continuously discussed and disputed by political and legal thinkers and philosophers. Based on this, different theories have been proposed regarding its meaning. According to many experts, the new approach to the concept of power in the context of new thought begins with the views of Thomas Hobbes. As one of the greatest political philosophers of the modern era, he theorized the concept of power for the first time, in which power is expressed based on the concept of sovereignty and in relation to the government. Other thinkers have also taken steps in this way. Looking at Foucault's thoughts in the postmodern era regarding power, a dominant model and intellectual and cultural framework that forms a set of models and theories for a society (paradigm) was created. From this point of view, in the postmodern era, the power and its relations are not concentrated in the government institution, but are plural in the society network, and public order is based on the principle of difference and specificity of individuals and groups. The aspects of power transformations in the postmodern era include: denial of the political nature of power, productive and positive nature of power, networkedness and fluidity of power relations, and denial of meta-narratives that legitimize power. Power and public order are two related categories in modern legal and political thought; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of art
Soodeh Eshghi Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amrai mohammadreza sharfizadeThe death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of artAbstractThe post-Nietzschean crisis in the West caused the subject to decline from its concept in the modern period. Also, due to the emergence MoreThe death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of artAbstractThe post-Nietzschean crisis in the West caused the subject to decline from its concept in the modern period. Also, due to the emergence of poststructuralist discourses in postmodernism, relativism and uncertainty replaced concepts that were once measured with objectivity and certainty. But art forms, assembled images that are created by combining and reconstructing different realities, aim of the present study is to investigate the postmodernist crisis in the subject and to explain its relationship with a visual understanding of the assembly pattern in sociology from an artistic perspective. Therefore documented data are analyzed with a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method and based on the available variables. To include; Achieve these important findings that concepts such as humor, irony and pluralism of meanings in the creation of postmodernist atmosphere create multifaceted images that depict the decline of the subject from its transcendent position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Theory of Discourse and Political Sciences
Ali Asghar DavoodiToday, the concept of discourse is used in most of scientific disciplines and approaches such as literature, philosophy, social sciences and political sciences. The theory of discourse is one of the effective and newly arrived theories in the field of social sciences. S MoreToday, the concept of discourse is used in most of scientific disciplines and approaches such as literature, philosophy, social sciences and political sciences. The theory of discourse is one of the effective and newly arrived theories in the field of social sciences. Social and political scientists have used this theory extensively to analyze political and social structures and phenomena. Thus, it can be seen as a dominant theory in the methodological field in the postmodern era. Therefore, phenomenological knowledge and the reviewing of different dimensions of this theory can help us to understand better the discourse analyses of political and social phenomena .This article attempts to examine the history, thought resources and epistemological bases of this theory, and consider its ability to analyze political and social phenomena and review its criticisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - میراث پسا مدرنیزم: برتری والای واژگان بر نحو
بهروز عزبدفتری -
Open Access Article
27 - Postmodernist critique of the novel "Pasti" by "Mohammad Reza Kateb"
Faghiheh Deghan Reza Sadeghi Shahpar In recent years, the use of techniques and components of postmodern fiction has been one of the most important challenges for Iranian storytellers. In the present study, the novel More In recent years, the use of techniques and components of postmodern fiction has been one of the most important challenges for Iranian storytellers. In the present study, the novel "Postal" by "Mohammad Reza Kateb" has been studied descriptively-analytically from the perspective of postmodernism. The narratives of the novel are the biographies of the characters in different forms and times. The contradiction throughout the novel stems in part from this point. Irregularity, incoherence and order of narrative, uncertainty, characterization, multiplicity of narrative, fluid flow of mind, fluidity of time and place, contradiction, endless story and fusion of writing style are some of the postmodernist components of the novel. Is postal. Given the postmodern features reflected in the postal novel, it can be considered postmodern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation of Physical-Spatial Structure of Iranian Cities from Point Of View of Modernism and Postmodernism (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)
Yousef Zeinolabedin Nobakht Sobhani Faranak Saeidifard Majid AkbariInvestigating stages of physical growth and development in the cities of the world indicates the effect of two paradigms of modernism and postmodernism on the organization and spatial structure of cities. So that the effects of these two paradigms have led to the develo MoreInvestigating stages of physical growth and development in the cities of the world indicates the effect of two paradigms of modernism and postmodernism on the organization and spatial structure of cities. So that the effects of these two paradigms have led to the development of cities, the establishment and development of communication networks and highways, the creation of satellite towns and suburbs , and the greatest impact on the spatial and physical area of cities. Modernism and the effect of that modernity have had fundamental effects on the social, political, economic, cultural and physical spheres and most of all targeting the transformation of the urban community, including the city's physical-spatial dimensions, also they have greatly changed the concepts of urban culture. On the other hand, postmodernism has also had an impact on the spatial structure of city in terms of economic, social, political and methodological issues. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the spatial structure of Tehran metropolis from the perspective of modernism and postmodernism. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytic and data collection is based on library and documentary studies. The results show that in modernism, components such as the physical viewpoint and single-dimensional urbanization, the creation of space spheres such as the creation of highways, air networks and architecture and high-rise construction and beady, respectively, were in the first to third positions, also in postmodernism components such as the mixed use and the diversity of housing construction, the existence of the principle of choice in the structure of city, and the average density and combined use of the combination, played a role in the first to third positions in terms of influencing the spatial structure on Tehran metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - پست مدرنیزم و ترجمه: بررسی ترجمه داستان های پست مدرنیزم
Fateme Abooee Nezamaddin Moeinzadeh پژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی More پژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده است و مشکلات اصلی ترجمه پست مدرنیسم توسط محقق ارزیابی شد. این پژوهش یک تحقیق کیفی متمرکز برهشت تکنیک پست مدرنیسم است که توسط شیبا (2017) ارائه شده اند. مجموعه ای که برای انجام این کار جمع آوری شده بود متشکل از داستان "صید قزل آلا در آمریکا" اثر ریچارد براتیگان و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط یزدانجو بود. پس از تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها ، نتایج به طور کامل مورد بحث و تحقیق قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که همه فنون پست مدرنیسم توسط مترجم ایرانی به کار گرفته شده است. در میان همه ، "رئالیسم جادویی" بیش از سایر تکنیک ها به کار رفته است ، اما "درگیری خواننده" کمتر از سایر تکنیک ها در ترجمه استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش همچنین بیانگر توانایی مترجم در برجسته سازی عبارات واهی و خیالی برای کمک به خواننده در درک چنین موارد تخیلی است. در مورد مشکلات اصلی ، مترجم مجبور بوده است که بسیاری از تفاوت های فرهنگی را که می تواند سوتفاهم های گسترده ای را در بین خوانندگان ایجاد نماید، حذف کند. همچنین ، در بیشتر موارد، او فقط جملات را به متن مقصد منتقل کرده و یافتن معنی دقیق جملات برای خواننده به فارسی بسیار سخت است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - پست مدرنیزم و ترجمه: بررسی ترجمه داستان های پست مدرنیزم
فاطمه ابویی معین زاده نظام الدینپژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده ا Moreپژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده است و مشکلات اصلی ترجمه پست مدرنیسم توسط محقق ارزیابی شد. این پژوهش یک تحقیق کیفی متمرکز برهشت تکنیک پست مدرنیسم است که توسط شیبا (2017) ارائه شده اند. مجموعه ای که برای انجام این کار جمع آوری شده بود متشکل از داستان "صید قزل آلا در آمریکا" اثر ریچارد براتیگان و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط یزدانجو بود. پس از تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها ، نتایج به طور کامل مورد بحث و تحقیق قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که همه فنون پست مدرنیسم توسط مترجم ایرانی به کار گرفته شده است. در میان همه ، "رئالیسم جادویی" بیش از سایر تکنیک ها به کار رفته است ، اما "درگیری خواننده" کمتر از سایر تکنیک ها در ترجمه استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش همچنین بیانگر توانایی مترجم در برجسته سازی عبارات واهی و خیالی برای کمک به خواننده در درک چنین موارد تخیلی است. در مورد مشکلات اصلی ، مترجم مجبور بوده است که بسیاری از تفاوت های فرهنگی را که می تواند سوتفاهم های گسترده ای را در بین خوانندگان ایجاد نماید، حذف کند. همچنین ، در بیشتر موارد، او فقط جملات را به متن مقصد منتقل کرده و یافتن معنی دقیق جملات برای خواننده به فارسی بسیار سخت است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - شوخی بی پایان اثر دیوید فاستر والاس: کسب هویت مشترک پست مدرن از طریق ارتباطات مجازی
Abdolreza Goudarzi Morteza Lakمقاله حاضر به دنبال بررسی رمان شوخی بی پایان اثر دیوید فاستر والاس (1962-2008) بوده و بر این باور است که در آن می توان ویژگی های اصلی پسا پست مدرنیسم را یافت. پس از آن، سوال از اصالت و ماهیت هویت انسان یکی دیگر از مسائلی است که این مقاله در عصر برنامه ها و محصولات مجازی Moreمقاله حاضر به دنبال بررسی رمان شوخی بی پایان اثر دیوید فاستر والاس (1962-2008) بوده و بر این باور است که در آن می توان ویژگی های اصلی پسا پست مدرنیسم را یافت. پس از آن، سوال از اصالت و ماهیت هویت انسان یکی دیگر از مسائلی است که این مقاله در عصر برنامه ها و محصولات مجازی مانند واتس اپ، تلگرام و وایبر ، علاوه بر شبکه های اجتماعی مانند فیس بوک ، توییتر و یوتیوب مطرح می شود. در واقع، به فردیت انسان بها داده شده و به وی فرصتی داده می شود تا تفکرات خود را بیان کند. با فراهم شدن این موقعیت در شبکه های اجتماعی نوعی به اشتراک گذاری در میان افراد منزوی و جدا از هم به وجود میآید. به عبارت دیگر، پسا پست مدرنیسم واکنشی به حس از هم پاشیدگی پست مدرنیسم است ولی به معنای بازگشت به تمامیت خواهی مدرنیسم هم نیست. هر فرد منزوی میتواند به یک انسان فعال، خالق ارتباط و مولد تبدیل شود که توانایی خلق معنا و برگرداندن هویت را داشته و صرفاً یک بیننده و خواننده مطلق نباشد. از اینرو، هدف از مطالعه ی حاضر کاوش در رمان شوخی بیپایان نوشته ی والاس از نقطه نظر فلاسفه و منتقدینی همچون کربای، والاس و تیمر به منظور روشن ساختن مفاهیم یاد شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The methods of postmodernism in the novel Nocturnal Harmony of the Wood Orchestra based on Brian McHale, theory
Sahar Alikahi Latifeh Salamat Bavil Alireza SalehiPostmodernist theories are divided into two major groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Barry Lewis, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of stylistic components distinguishing postmodern writing (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal irregu MorePostmodernist theories are divided into two major groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Barry Lewis, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of stylistic components distinguishing postmodern writing (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal irregularity, etc.). In the second group, the most prominent theory has been proposed by Brian McHale, who uses the concept of "dominant element" in Russian formalism to explain postmodernism, and considers the characteristic of postmodernism to be ontology (as opposed to epistemology, which is the dominant element of modernism).In order to achieve this goal, first, tricks and components are extracted from the novel "Nocturnal Harmony of the Wood Orchestra" and analyzed in three parts: story elements, concept and form; Then, based on Brian McHale's prevailing theory, which considers the characteristic of postmodern stories to be ontological issues, it is determined to what extent these methods and components play a role in highlighting the ontological elements of the work. The result shows that this novel is a complex and difficult novel in which the author has made good use of the polyphonic technique, uncertainty, the two-dimensional presence of the narrator, the lack of coherence of the mind and the confusion of the characters, etc. has placed postmodern works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Social Epistemology and Scientific objectivity
جلال پیکانی Meysam SadeghpourBeside to postmodern approaches, on the one hand, and the positivism, on the other hand, certain aspects of social epistemology is capable to both defending some type of objectivity in the realm of science and cause to dialogue between those two camp. After introducing MoreBeside to postmodern approaches, on the one hand, and the positivism, on the other hand, certain aspects of social epistemology is capable to both defending some type of objectivity in the realm of science and cause to dialogue between those two camp. After introducing social epistemology in brief, in this paper, we show problematic aspects of those approaches and then show what aspects of social epistemology could serve to defend some type of objectivity in the realm of science, especially, in the philosophical atmosphere of our country, this moderate approach could be fruitful. According to social epistemology, the agent neither is absolutely free from social and political obligations, neither is absolutely dependent on such obligations. In other word, based on truth conductivity, social epistemology holds a moderate approach to objectivity of science. This may serve as a means to create a new approach to objectivity. Social Epistemology; Alvin Goldman; Scientific objectivity; Postmodernism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - A legal look at the reduction of the specificity of the state in the postmodern era with the separation of "public-private" as an element of fundamental thinking.
Mohammad Mirzaeimehr Kheirollah Parvin Abdolkarim ShaheydarThe new form of the government, which is being realized along with diversity, differences and distances, raises questions about the conditions of exercising government power in the societies entered in the postmodern era. With such a situation and by entering into compl MoreThe new form of the government, which is being realized along with diversity, differences and distances, raises questions about the conditions of exercising government power in the societies entered in the postmodern era. With such a situation and by entering into complex relationships of mutual dependence and being present in the competition of various powers with which it is required to combine and pass through multiple lines of rupture, it seems that a significant part of the means of action and its ability to control the transformation Social has lost; The government is no longer considered to be the arena of purity, selflessness and sacrifice, but it is considered the position and position of pursuing individual interests. At present, this thinking has prevailed that the public administration should be efficient and beneficial like a private person, and this efficiency will lead to the realization of good management. According to the research, it should be said; The assumption based on which the public administration, which serves the public interest, is not able to provide efficiency and usefulness gave way to the idea that the administration is required to continuously improve its functions and reduce its costs, just like private individuals; The department is committed to carrying out its missions in the best possible conditions, and taking care of the quality of its support using the best tools and facilities available to it. Therefore, its difference with private institutions is fading. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to investigate the legality of the reduction of the specificity of the government in the post-modern era by distinguishing "public-private" as an element of fundamental thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The most important criticisms of postmodernism based on the attitude of socialists
farzad mohammadi Hassan Shamsini GhiyathundTo challenge the promises in the discourses, a critical group called postmodernism is mentioned. With an epistemological approach, this practice distanced itself from modernity and presented a new worldview for mankind. Therefore, dealing with this school is not because MoreTo challenge the promises in the discourses, a critical group called postmodernism is mentioned. With an epistemological approach, this practice distanced itself from modernity and presented a new worldview for mankind. Therefore, dealing with this school is not because of the introduction of a new plan, but against any centralism, value hierarchy and dualistic logic of identity. This article seeks to review the theory of postmodernism, especially from the point of view of socialists, and evaluate its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and the most important criticisms made on it through the review and review of studies. The method of conducting this research is descriptive-analytical, and the method of collecting information is in the form of a library, with special emphasis on books and first-hand written sources, articles published in reputable publications, and new researches. The results of this research show that the socialists are against some issues such as; Prioritizing society's issues, atomizing people, opposing relativism, and being subjective have fundamental disagreements with postmodernist ideas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Reviewing and analyzing the qualifications of the teaching profession from the perspective of a postmodern approach to provide a model
ehtram ebrahim محمدحسین Heydari Seyed Hashem golestaniThe present study aims to analyze the professional competencies of teachers from the perspective of postmodern approach in order to provide a model for the professional competencies of teachers. This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and using the pro MoreThe present study aims to analyze the professional competencies of teachers from the perspective of postmodern approach in order to provide a model for the professional competencies of teachers. This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and using the process of transcendental analysis in two steps to describe and explain the necessary conditions. The research findings show that postmodernists consider teachers as transformational thinkers instead of placing teachers in a limited and inflexible framework of technical and professional competencies. In this study, the necessary competencies for the teaching profession were examined in three areas: competencies focused on awareness, competencies focused on ability and competencies focused on attitude. Based on Giro's views, the components of professional competence include critique of existing knowledge, creation of new forms of knowledge, deconstruction of texts, attention to the political dimension of teaching, lack of authoritarianism, democratic relations, interaction and cooperation with colleagues and respect for differences. Findings for the second question of the research show that Giro assigns roles to borderline teachers as: professional intellectual, transformational thinker, facilitator of learning process, teaching how to learn and cultural agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Post Modernism in Iran’s contemporary fiction (The study of post modernist features in Hooshang Golshiri’s works)
Siavoush GolshiriAlthough the term postmodernism is repeatedly used by the writers and even critics in Iran however due to the unfamiliarity as to its true origins, principles and features of this literary genre, believing in such a movement in fiction in this country is always discerni MoreAlthough the term postmodernism is repeatedly used by the writers and even critics in Iran however due to the unfamiliarity as to its true origins, principles and features of this literary genre, believing in such a movement in fiction in this country is always discernible. As to descry certain features as a basis according to which one can determine whether a work is postmodern or not and whether those features were adopted merely as a universal model together with the question whether these texts to the same measure that they are deconstructive, do they remain fiddle to the endemic possibilities of Farsi language and its past, are among the main questions this research and analysis is aimed at answering. The following works of Hooshang Golshiri short stories such as ”the night of doubt’, “A man with a red tie”, “A picture for my empty frame”, “The first innocent”, and “the garden’s prisoners” and long stories and novels like “Prince Ehtejab”,“Christian and Kayd”, and “ the mirrors with doors” were selected for this purpose. Manuscript profile
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