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Open Access Article
1 - Nano-structured natural bentonite clay coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer for gamma rays attenuation
Ibrahim Z. Hager Yasser S. Rammah Hossam A. Othman Eman M. Ibrahim Sayed F. Hassan Fawzy H. Sallam -
Open Access Article
2 - Study on the Optical and Rheological properties of polymer- layered Silicate Nanocomposites
Milad Edraki Mohammad Banimahd Keivani -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluating the Performance of Biocomposite Pipes as a Subsurface Irrigation Method in Culturing Panicum (Panicum antidotale)
saeed rangrizi hosseinali bahrami mehran kianirad aboozar shojaaddiniConsidering the limited access to fresh water resources and intense plant respiration and high evapotranspiration in deserts and arid regions, subsurface irrigation seems to be the most appropriate method for cultivation. The aim of this study was finding a proper subsu MoreConsidering the limited access to fresh water resources and intense plant respiration and high evapotranspiration in deserts and arid regions, subsurface irrigation seems to be the most appropriate method for cultivation. The aim of this study was finding a proper subsurface irrigation to supply moisture for plant roots using bio-composite water pipes to supply water for panicum. Experimental design was factorial experiment conducted based on completely randomized block design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture in Tarbiat Modarres University in 2015. Main factors included subsurface irrigation using three types of bio-composite water pipes manufactured P3, P8, P9, subsurface irrigation using subsurface porous clay capsules and flood irrigation (control treatment). Secondary factors included three drought stress levels of 25, 50, and 100% of soil field capacity (FC). Results showed that, subsurface irrigation treatment using water pipe P8 and drought stress level of 25%, and FC decrease for 12.68%, was the lowest water consumption in irrigation. In addition, in subsurface irrigation, height, wet and dry weights were significantly different at %1 level compared to flood irrigation. Therefore, with regard to responsiveness of panicum water demand to subsurface irrigation using bio-composite water pipes, and considering the results of this research using subsurface irrigation by bio-composite water pipes, it is recommended to optimize water consumption for urban areas located in arid and semi-arid regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Prediction of soil texture using artificial neural networks
علی محمدی ترکاشوند Elnaz Khanbabakhani Mohammad Ali MahmoodiSoil texture is one of the most important soil properties that affect many physico-chemical properties such as water storage, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil fertility and soil ventilation. Today, artificial intelligence technology such as neural and neuro-fuzzy ne MoreSoil texture is one of the most important soil properties that affect many physico-chemical properties such as water storage, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil fertility and soil ventilation. Today, artificial intelligence technology such as neural and neuro-fuzzy networks is used to solve problems in modeling systems and processes. For this purpose, 150 soil samples from a depth of 0 - 15 cm of Gavshan Dam watershed in the Kurdistan province were collected. The geographic locations, height and slope percent of every sampling point were recorded. The particle size distribution of samples was measured in the laboratory using hydrometer method. The longitude and latitude, height, slope percent and soil texture particles of training points were introduced to artificial neural networks to estimate soil texture particles by MATLAB software. The accuracy of model was evaluated by scoring, using statistical indicators such as root mean square error (RMSE), the ratio of geometric mean error (GMER) and correlation coefficient (R2). According to the results, the values for estimating sand and clay are approximately the same and for predicting the silt, less than sand and clay, and 37.0, although less error. The accuracy and accuracy of the model show that the neural network does not have any accuracy and accuracy in estimating the percentage of soil texture components and the soil texture mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Changing the Atterberg’s limits and water retention characteristics of a loess soil containing Montmorillonite nanoclay
Zahra Dravish eivari soheila Ebrahimi seyed alireza movahedi naeini Mahdi Zakeri niaSoil improvement in loess soils, due to susceptibility to erosion, can increase strength, resistance and change or modify their mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in soil moisture curve parameters and some mechanical indices MoreSoil improvement in loess soils, due to susceptibility to erosion, can increase strength, resistance and change or modify their mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in soil moisture curve parameters and some mechanical indices of loamy sand soils containing montmorillonite nanoclay. Thus, soil water retention was investigated by applying 1 and 5% of nanoclay and water holding capacity in soil was investigate by VanGenukhten and Brooks-Corey models. Then mechanical properties of soil was investigated by measuring Atterberg limits and how they change. Both experiments were re-evaluated over time. Nanoclay had a significant effect on water retention in various moisture suction systems and increased volumetric moisture content, especially in low suction. It also increased the fine porosity at the air entry value, indicating a decrease in the rate of water drainage from soil and increased its storage capacity in losses soil. Increasing the amount of nanoclay led to increase in Θs, but the change in Θr was not significant. As nanoclay increased, α and n parameters decreased, respectively. Predicting the parameters of the moisture curve equation using VanGenukhten model showed better results. Liquid and plasticity limits of the soil also increased. However, the increase in the amount of liquid limit was higher and the soil plasticity index increased. The increase in the surface area and the ability to maintain water by the clays and their shear strength can be due to this fact. Monitoring of atterberg and moisture curve parameters over time indicated their persistence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effect of Initial Moisture and Soil Texture on some Characteristics of Puddling Process in Paddy Soils
Ali Talebpour Nader Pirmoradian Mohammad Reza Yazdani Mohammad Reza AlizadehBackground and Aim: Puddling process is a part of land preparation in rice cultivation. In other words, puddling is an important method of soil management, which is done to disturb the structure of the surface layer of the soil and prepare the field for rice transplanti MoreBackground and Aim: Puddling process is a part of land preparation in rice cultivation. In other words, puddling is an important method of soil management, which is done to disturb the structure of the surface layer of the soil and prepare the field for rice transplanting. Usually, in this process, the soil is flooded and tillage is done on it. The soil texture and the soil moisture conditions before flooding are factors that affect the process of the puddling. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of initial soil moisture and soil texture on some properties of paddy soils puddling process in Guilan province. Method: The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design in three replications. Three textures (silt, silty clay, and clay) of paddy soils were prepared under four initial soil moisture treatments (85, 90, 95, and 100% degrees of saturation). After preparing the soil samples, they were puddled using a laboratory panel. During and after the puddling process, the amount of net water consumed, the depth of water collected on the soil 2 and 6 days after puddling, the soil swelling at the end of the operation, the depth of soil settlement after 2, 4 and 6 days and the final depth of the soil were measured. Statistical analysis of the effect of the experimental treatments on the measured properties and their mean comparison was done with LSD test using SPSS 23 software. Calculations and graphs were done using EXCEL software. Results: The results showed that the independent effects of initial soil moisture and soil texture on all of the measured properties except the depth of soil after 6 days were statistically significant at 1%. With increasing initial soil moisture, the amount of net water consumption and the final depth of soil decreased and other measured parameters increased. On the other hand, the effect of soil texture on net water consumption, water collected on the soil 2 and 6 days after puddling, soil amass at the end of the operation, depth of soil after 2 and 4 days, and the final depth of the soil were statistically significant at 1%. The interaction effect of initial soil moisture and soil texture on soil amass at the end of the operation and final soil depth was statistically significant at 1%, and for the depth of water accumulated on the soil 2 days after puddling and the depth of soil after 2 days was statistically significant at 5%. By increasing the initial soil moisture content from 85 to 100% of saturation degree, the amount of water used for the puddling process decreased by 61%. Conclusion: According to the results, the features of the puddling process are affected by the initial moisture and soil texture. Therefore, the results of this research can be used in the agricultural management of paddy fields in Guilan province. With increasing soil clay content, the measured parameters include the amount of net water consumed, the depth of water collected on the soil 2 and 6 days after puddling, the soil swelling at the end of the operation, the depth of soil settlement after 2, 4 and 6 days and the final depth of the soil were increased. The range of net water consumed in the puddling process for experimental treatments varied between 31 and 114 mm, and the lowest was obtained in silty soil texture with 20% clay and initial moisture treatment of 100% degree of saturation. Estimating water consumption in the puddling process and its correlation with initial soil moisture and clay percentage can inform the management of the agricultural calendar and water allocation program in the Sefidroud irrigation network for paddy fields. This information can help optimize water usage, especially in light of rainfall events at the start of the irrigation season, with the goal of reducing overall water consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of Kinetic and Isotherm Models of Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution by Montmorillonite and Montmorillonite Modified with HDTMA-Br
Mahboobeh Abolhasani Zeraatkar Hamidreza Rafiei-SarbijanBackground and Aim: Because of its high specific surface area and high cation exchange capacity (CEC), as well as its availability and low price, sodium montmorillonite (Mt) is used as an adsorbent for a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals and organic compo MoreBackground and Aim: Because of its high specific surface area and high cation exchange capacity (CEC), as well as its availability and low price, sodium montmorillonite (Mt) is used as an adsorbent for a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals and organic compounds; but the structure of this type of natural clay, however, is unstable, and usually damaged by harmful substances of sewage liquid in the process of infiltration. The organic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) was used to modify montmorillonite clay to solve this problem. The next step was to investigate lead removal using modified montmorillonite clay (Mt-H). Method: In this study, sodium montmorillonite organic clays modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with a CEC two times greater than clay (Mt-H) were prepared. These modified clays were identified using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effect of initial lead concentration on lead adsorption from aqueous solution by two adsorbents (montmorillonite clay and modified montmorillonite clay) was investigated. The lead adsorption process was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The mechanisms of lead adsorption were investigated and compared using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. Results: The results showed that the organic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Mt-H) successfully modified montmorillonite clay, and the interlayer space of the first order peak in montmorillonite clay increased from 11 to 19.7 Å after modification. According to the findings of this study, increasing the initial concentration of lead increased the amount of lead adsorption (Qi) in both adsorbents, sodium montmorillonite clay (Mt) and modified montmorillonite clay (Mt-H). Surface adsorption of lead in montmorillonite clay (Mt) with the Langmuir model and adsorption in modified montmorillonite clay (Mt-H) with the Freundlich model both showed good agreement with experimental data. According to the results, montmorillonite clay (Mt) adsorbed approximately 40% of the lead ions in the first 80 minutes of the reaction, but surface adsorption of lead by modified montmorillonite clay (Mt-H) reached approximately 40% after 1280 minutes. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model at 30°C in modified montmorillonite clay (Mt-H) was 32.54 mg/g, which was approximately 34% lower than the value obtained in montmorillonite clay (Mt). Surface adsorption in montmorillonite clay (Mt) showed the best fit with the Elovich kinetic model, but modified montmorillonite clay (Mt-H) showed the best fit with the intraparticle diffusion kinetic model. Conclusion: The results showed that adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium organic surfactant to sodium montmorillonite clay reduced its lead adsorption capacity. However, modified clay (Mt-H) adsorbs lead ions more strongly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of the Inhibiting Effect of Copper Oxideon Root Growth and Density in the Vicinity of Subsurface Irrigation Nozzles
Adel Aminpour Hosseinali Bahrami Hojjat Ghorbani VagheiBackground and Aim: Due to the population growth and the increase in global demand for food security, the correct use of water and soil resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is necessary and inevitable. Providing water sources in agricultural and garden l MoreBackground and Aim: Due to the population growth and the increase in global demand for food security, the correct use of water and soil resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is necessary and inevitable. Providing water sources in agricultural and garden lands by clay irrigation method has been customary in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran for a long time. However, the development of this method has not received much attention due to the invasion of the roots into the clay nozzles and the clogging of the pores caused by the growth of algae, fungi, and bacteria. One of the main goals of this article is to provide a practical solution to combat root invasion towards the wall of clay subsurface irrigation nozzles (porous clay capsules). This research seeks to investigate the effect of copper oxide added to the porous clay capsule wall in inhibiting root invasion. Method: This research aims to reduce the density and distribution of roots in the vicinity of porous clay capsules, by investigating the effect of copper oxide on the wall of the clay nozzle as an inhibitor of root movement in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments with zero concentrations (control). 1000ppm, 5000ppm and 10000ppm copper) in 3 replications in the research greenhouse of Tarbiat Modares University in 1401 on sweet pepper variety 302. In this experiment, the volume, length and dry weight of root, fresh weight of leaf and stem, dry weight of leaf and stem and ratio of dry weight of leaf/root were measured at the end of vegetative growth stage of the bell pepper plant. Results: The results showed that copper levels did not have a significant effect on the volume and length of the bell pepper plant's root, but it had a significant effect on the dry weight of the root. The highest root dry weight (3.27 grams) was obtained at the probability level of 5% corresponding to the level of 10000 ppm of copper sulfate. Also, the results of the investigation of the root distribution system showed that the distribution of the root distribution in the control treatment was the same in all directions, while in the 10000 ppm copper sulfate treatment, this distribution was severely limited around the wall of the clay nozzles, so that the most the root accumulation around the nozzles was related to the control treatment and the lowest root accumulation was visible in the 10000 ppm treatment. The results showed that the highest development of the root system around the nozzles was related to the control treatment and the lowest was observed in the 10000 ppm treatment in the control treatment, the porous clay capsule were heavily invaded by plant roots and the roots completely surrounded the porous clay capsules. Therefore, adding copper sulfate to the wall of the porous clay capsule and fixing it in its pores as copper oxide has had positive effects in inhibiting the invasion of plant roots into clay nozzles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Monitoring of the Transfer of Kerosene and Water through the Light Soil Contains Montmorillonite Nanoclay
Shokufe Fazlali Soheila Ebrahimi Mehdi Zakerinia Sayyed Alireza Movahedi NaeiniWater and organic contaminant transport in soil porous media, particularly in light textured soils due to high transmission capacity and create a secondary sources of pollution is very important. The aim of this study was kerosene and water transport in a light te MoreWater and organic contaminant transport in soil porous media, particularly in light textured soils due to high transmission capacity and create a secondary sources of pollution is very important. The aim of this study was kerosene and water transport in a light texture soil system containing different treatments of montmorillonite nanoclay. For this purpose, treatments including 0, 2, 4 and 6 wt% of nano clay- sandy soil in a funnel containing filter paper based system was applied. Then kerosene and water (4 pore volumes alternatively) were passed into soils. The breakthrough curves showed that the water passes through soils was slower and gentler slope, so the volume output was lower compared to kerosene. It seems that water molecules with a diameter of less than 3.0 nm fitted well in the small spaces between the layer of nanoclay, which are held with strong hydrogen bonds. Kerosene, with a density equals 0.78, only attract surface places, therefore, pass from porous soil surface well due to having molecules with 11 to 15 carbon atoms, which are larger than the density of water. In both fluids, the more percentage of nanoclay there is, the more retention of kerosene and water would be expected. The results of X-ray showed that the distance of nanoclay increased from 14.4 to 24.77 Å with addition of water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Study on the Effect of Nanosilicate-Based Coatings on Storage Life of Pomegranate Cultivar Malas-E-Saveh
A. Bekran E. Seifi F. VarastehIntroduction: The high nutritional and medicinal values and the increasing production anddemands, it is important to control the factors affecting the quality of pomegranate fruitduring storage. Regarding the understanding of how to store pomegranate fruit, it would bep MoreIntroduction: The high nutritional and medicinal values and the increasing production anddemands, it is important to control the factors affecting the quality of pomegranate fruitduring storage. Regarding the understanding of how to store pomegranate fruit, it would bepossible to offer this product at local and international markets for a long duration with highquality.Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of nano silicate-based polyethylene andpolypropylene on the storage life of pomegranate fruit (cultivar Malas-e-Saveh) has beenstudied in a completely randomized factorial design. The treated fruits were stored in commonstorage for two and four months period. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of fruitswere measured using the standard methods of analysis.Results: The results showed that the nano-based polyethylene and polypropylene couldmaintain the highest amount of moisture in the skin (75.72% and 73.14%, respectively) ascompared to the control (26.64%) at the end of storage period. These coating treatments alsomaintained the highest amount of aril moisture (76.88%) as compared to the control(71.09%). After storage period, the nano-based polypropylene showed the highestconcentrations of phenolic compounds (883.54 mg GAE/100 ml), flavonoids (487.71 mgGAE/100 ml) and anthocyanins (11.69 mg C3GE/100 ml) as compared to the control (649.76and 437.56 mg GAE/100 ml, and 7.9 mg C3GE/100 ml, respectively); although the normalcoating treatments showed less influence. Nano-based coating treatments also decreased thechanging rate of ascorbic acid but did not have any significant influence on pH and EC.Conclusion: The application of nano-based polyethylene and polypropylene treatments isrecommended to improve the keeping quality of pomegranate fruit during storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Laboratory and Numerical Study into Retention of the Heavy Metal Pollutant Lead by Nanoclay Cloisite Na+
Mohammad Amiri Morteza DeiranlouBackground and Objective: In spite of the numerous studies published on soil-pollutant interaction in recent years, no considerable research has been conducted on the interaction between heavy metal pollutants and nanoclays. Lead is a common heavy metal pollutant i MoreBackground and Objective: In spite of the numerous studies published on soil-pollutant interaction in recent years, no considerable research has been conducted on the interaction between heavy metal pollutants and nanoclays. Lead is a common heavy metal pollutant in geotechnical and environmental projects. Moreover, although researchers have introduced equations for retention of metal pollutants in soils, no research has been conducted on heavy metal retention capability of nanoclays and the effect of carbonate on equations related to retention capability. Therefore, this study intended to examine the geotechnical-environmental behavior of nanoclays and carbonate-modified nanoclays in terms of capability to adsorb the heavy metal pollutant lead and to propose equations for pollutant retention by nanoclays. Method: To achieve this objective a series of environmental and geotechnical experiments were conducted to analyze the mechanism of retaining the heavy metal pollutant lead by examining pH variations, capability of pollutant retention, and through evaluating X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, a series of linear and non-linear equations was used to study the capability of nanoclay Cloisite Na+ in retaining the heavy metal pollutant lead at various ambient pH values and different carbonate contents of the specimens. Findings: Results showed that carbonate content was an effective factor in pollutant retention and had to be included in the numerical equations. Inclusion of the pH variation parameter in the equations increased the correlation coefficient in the proposed equations. Discussion and Counclusion: The proposed numerical equations can be a proper substitute for laboratory methods, and also can be used in designing landfill sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Comparison of Absorption Efficiency and Release of Nitrate by Iranian and Foreign Micro-Zeolite (Clinoptilolite), Modified by Hexa-Decyltrimethy- Ammonium
Fariba Nemati Hossein Torabi Golsefidi Amir Mohammad NajiBackground and objective: Organocalys are modified by cationic surfactant on surface and between layers of natural or synthesis clays and widely are used. The objective of this study were comparison of absorption efficiency and release of nitrate in aqueous solutions by MoreBackground and objective: Organocalys are modified by cationic surfactant on surface and between layers of natural or synthesis clays and widely are used. The objective of this study were comparison of absorption efficiency and release of nitrate in aqueous solutions by modified Iranian natural zeolite-clinoptilolite (Semnan) and synthesis zeolite of Fluka-96096.Material and Methods: The Iranian and Fluka-96096 micro-zeolite (clinoptilolite) was separated by centrifuge method. The micro-zeolites were first modified by hexa-decyltrimethyl-ammonium (HDTMA), a cationic surfactant. Structure and morphology of zeolites were determined XRD, SEM, EDX and AFM. In this study, adsorption efficiency in initial concentrations of nitrate by modified zeolite with surfactant loading of 100 and 200% external cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was investigated in a completely randomized factorial design. The nitrate release as affected by time at 4 and 14 mM of nitrate in surfactant loading 200% ECEC were also evaluated.Results: The results showed that absorption efficiency of nitrate by Fluka micro-organozeolite with surfactant loading of 200% ECEC in 3, 6, 20 and 30 mM nitrate were 77, 63, 48, 37 and 30% respectively, whereas, by Iranian micro-organ zeolite were 75, 67, 54, 50 and 33% respectively and no significant together (p≤0.01). The mean of nitrate release were 31 to 21%, in Iranian micro-organ zeolite, whereas for Fluka micro-organ zeolite were 17 to 34%.Discussion and Conclusion: The adsorption efficiency of nitrate was significant by initial nitrate concentration and surfactant’s level. The best adsorption efficiency of nitrate occurred at 200% of ECEC. The results of this research showed that the micro-organ zeolite of Fluka-96096 not only is not better than Iranian micro-zeolite, but also, Iranian micro-organ zeolite have been better for nitrate absorption and release in some cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Comparison of Impact of Carbonate Content, Cation Exchange Capacity and Specific Surface Area in the Retention of Heavy Metal Contaminant by Bentonite, Kaolinite, and Nano-Clay
Mohammad Amiri Vahid Reza OuhadiBackground and Objective: Carbonate, Cation exchange capacity and Specific surface area are the three factors which play a significant role in the retention of heavy metal contaminants by the soil. However, the amount and role of each of these three factors in hea MoreBackground and Objective: Carbonate, Cation exchange capacity and Specific surface area are the three factors which play a significant role in the retention of heavy metal contaminants by the soil. However, the amount and role of each of these three factors in heavy metal retention process is not clearly known. Accordingly, this experimental study attempts to examine the role of each of these factors on the heavy metal retention process. This study has been performed by the use of bentonite clay sample (which has 8% natural carbonate, significantly large specific surface area and cation exchange capacity), kaolinite (which has 4% natural carbonate, small specific surface area and cation exchange capacity), industrial nano-clay called Cloisite®Na+ (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and considerable cation exchange capacity), industrial nano-clay called Cloisite®30B (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and small cation exchange capacity), and laboratory sample of nano-clay called SLB (Surface Layer Bentonite) (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and considerable cation exchange capacity). Materials and methods: In this regard, by conducting a series of geotechnical and geo-environmental experiments, the interaction process of kaolinite clay samples, bentonite, industrial Cloisite®Na+, industrial Cloisite®30B, and laboratory nano-clay SLB with heavy metal contaminants of lead and copper were experimentally explored and studied. Results and discussions: The analysis of experimental studies including soil buffering capacity, X-ray diffraction test and the measurement of heavy metal retention by soil samples indicate that in comparing of carbonate content, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area of soil samples the significant role of each parameter in heavy metal retention is as follows, respectively: Carbonate > Cation exchange capacity (CEC) > Specific surface area (SSA). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Behavior of Water through Soil Columns Containing Montmorillonite Clay Layers
Reza Taghdisi Soheila Ebrahimi Mehdi Zakerinia سید علیرضا موحدی نائینیBackground and Objective: In studies realted to hydrology, water conservation and management, accurate information of the water capacity in different soils for measuring water infiltration, drainage and erosion control is essential in order to launch irrigation projects MoreBackground and Objective: In studies realted to hydrology, water conservation and management, accurate information of the water capacity in different soils for measuring water infiltration, drainage and erosion control is essential in order to launch irrigation projects in watersheds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of clay layers in the transfer of water through loamy sand. Method: Soil columns with a height of 150 cm and a diameter of 15 cm, were filled with clay layers to depths of 13 and 20 cm. Then the same volume of water with different salt concentrations was added to all columns. Also water sampling was carried out on a daily basis. Findings:Results showed that the layer clay could reduce the volume of water passing through the columns and by increasing the thickness of the clay layer, the ratio of passed water decreased. The results showed that by increasing the depth of the clay layer in the control treatment to a depth of 20, the amount of water at a concentration of 13 mEq and 20 mEq decreased by 16 and 35 percent. Discussion and Conclusion: Different performances were due to the thickness of clay layer. Because of the small clay texture and high compressibility, the movement of water in the soil can be delayed. This feature can be used to prevent the movement of leachate and pollution into the soil and contaminate groundwater. It seems that by changing the depth of the clay layer, the conductivity can be controlled in sensitive areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Interaction of Nano-Clays and Cu Contaminant in Geo-Environmental Projects
Vahidreza Ouhadi Mohammad AmiriThe main objective to study the materials in nano scale is establishing the new classification ofmaterials and their new function which may introduce a noticeable application for them. Even thoughthere have been several researches on the process of soil-contaminant inte MoreThe main objective to study the materials in nano scale is establishing the new classification ofmaterials and their new function which may introduce a noticeable application for them. Even thoughthere have been several researches on the process of soil-contaminant interactions, the process ofheavy metal contaminant and nano-clays have not been investigated yet. On the other hand,contamination of soils with Cu ions is very common in geo-environmental projects. The mainobjective of this research is to investigate the interaction process of Cu contaminant with nano-claysbefore and after treatment with carbonate. To achieve this objective, series of geo-environmentalexperiments were performed. These experiments included, batch equilibrium testing, buffering and pHmeasurements. The achieved results indicate that the main part of buffering capacity and contaminantretention of soil are due to the presence of carbonate in soils. According to the achieved results inbetonies, kaolinite, and four nano-clay samples the contaminant retention of soils is as follows:Betonies > Cloisite®Na+ > Kaolinite > Cloisite®30B > Cloisite®20A > Cloisite®15A.Furthermore, with increasing of carbonate content there will be a change on the order of ability ofsamples for contaminant retention. For soil samples with 8% carbonate, the Cu retention of sampleswill be according to the following order:Cloisite®Na+ > Cloisite®15A ≥ Cloisite®20A > Cloisite®30B > Bentonite Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Genesis and Mineralogical properties as influenced by topography and ground water table and Land Suitability Evaluation for Kaftar Region of Fars Province
Abolfazl Azadi S.Ali AbtahiGenesis, classification and study of physicochemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of soils of kaftar region in the north of Fars province (Eghlid), was conducted. This region has xeric soil moisture regime and mesic soil temperature regime and its area is MoreGenesis, classification and study of physicochemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of soils of kaftar region in the north of Fars province (Eghlid), was conducted. This region has xeric soil moisture regime and mesic soil temperature regime and its area is about 10,000 hectares. The mean annual rainfall and temperature were 508 mm and 12 degrees of Celsius, respectively. The main objectives of this investigation were study of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of soils of the region, study of effective factors of formation and genesis of soils of the region and their classification and land suitability evaluation of land under cultivation of irrigated wheat, study of soil clay minerals and their effects on formation and genesis of soils of the region. Five physiographic units consist of five physiographic units, namely gravelly colluvial fans, Piedmont plains, Low lands, Mountains and Hills were identified. Topography and the underground water table changes were known as the most important factors of soil formation of this region. Entisols, Inceptisols,vertisols and Alfisols are four soil orders that have been found. Clay mineralogy studies showed the presence of chlorite, illite, smectite, interstratified minerals, and quartz (in clay size). Illite and chlorite have inheritance origin and are generally considered to be weatherable minerals and could be changed because of transformation reactions into interstratified minerals and smectite. The result for qualitative land suitabilities have been shown critical, unfit and fairly suitable for wheat cultivation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Using Ghezeljeh Nanoclay for Measuring of Copper Ions Released from the Cooking Pot into Food Samples by FAAS and ICP-AES
Majid Soleimani Zahra Hassanzadeh Siahpoosh -
Open Access Article
18 - Voltammetric Investigation of Thioridazine Using a Carbon Nanocomposite Electrode in Human Biological Samples
Elham Eslami Fatemeh Farjami -
Open Access Article
19 - Theoretical Predictions on Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites
Mahdi Karami Khorramabadi -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigation on Failure Loads and Failure Modes for Two Parallel Pin-Loaded Holes Made from Unidirectional Glass-Epoxy Nanoclay Laminates
sajjad dehghanpour keivan hosseini safari Farzan Barati Mohammadmahdi Attar -
Open Access Article
21 - Application of Clayton Copula in Portfolio Optimization and its Comparison with Markowitz Mean-Variance Analysis
Roya Darabi Mehdi Baghban -
Open Access Article
22 - The Lethal impact of diatomaceous earth and kaolin on adult of four stored-product insects
R. SadeghiThe lethal impact of Kaolin (Clay®) and diatomaceous earth (Sayan® and SilicoSec®) on four major stored-product insects was determined under laboratory conditions. The lethal effects were investigated in two different methods. In the first, experimental surf MoreThe lethal impact of Kaolin (Clay®) and diatomaceous earth (Sayan® and SilicoSec®) on four major stored-product insects was determined under laboratory conditions. The lethal effects were investigated in two different methods. In the first, experimental surface was permeated with test material, and in the second method, the test compounds were mixed with rearing mediums separately. In both techniques, adults of Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium confusum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Cryptolestes ferrugineus were placed in a petri-dish, which was contaminated with a known amount of Sayan®, Clay® and SilicoSec®. In the first method, mortality rate was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. In the second method, the lethal impact of test compounds which were mixed with wheat was investigated against S. granarius, T. confusum, O. surinamensis and C. ferrugineus for 1, 7 and 14 days of exposure. In the first technique, the maximum mortality rate was achieved with SilicoSec® (88.56%) and Sayan® (75.85%) on S. granarius and C. ferrugineus respectively. In the second method, the results were demonstrated, the maximum mortality caused by Sayan® (88.56%) SilicoSec® (75.68%) and Kaolin® (55.25%) in S. granarius. In S. granarius case, mortality rate caused was more than the other species. The protective effects of test compounds on life span of S. granarius and T. confusum showed no significant differences among the emerged adult insects in Sayan® and SilicoSec® treatments while showed significant differences among the emerged adult of insects in Sayan® and SilicoSec® with Clay®. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Chah-Shur clay deposit, Southeast of Isfahan, Iran
Mahnaz Khodami Afsaneh Kamali Shervedani -
Open Access Article
24 - Extracting clay minerals with emphasis on Bentonite in Eastern Iran, using Landsat 8 and ASTER images
Saeed Saadat Maliheh Ghoorchi Rahim Dabiri -
Open Access Article
25 - preparation of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using quaternary ammonium- treated clay in water
Soheil Sayyahi Sedigheh Jahanbakhshi Zahra Dehghani -
Open Access Article
26 - A green and efficient method for the preparation of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using quaternary ammonium- treated clay in water
Soheil Sayyahi Sedigheh Jahanbakhshi Zahra Dehghani -
Open Access Article
27 - A green and efficient method for the preparation of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using quaternary ammonium- treated clay in water
Soheil Sayyahi Sedigheh Jahanbakhshi Zahra Dehghani -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating the removal of heavy metals using nanoclay composite stabilized on chitosan surface
قدرت اله موسوی ممبینی خوشناز پاینده لاله رومیانیThis research aimed to investigate the effect of nanoclay composite stabilized on chitosan surface in removing zinc, copper, iron and aluminum metals from fish meal Company effluent in 2017. Chitosan was prepared from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin. The amount of ab MoreThis research aimed to investigate the effect of nanoclay composite stabilized on chitosan surface in removing zinc, copper, iron and aluminum metals from fish meal Company effluent in 2017. Chitosan was prepared from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin. The amount of absorption of zinc, copper, iron and aluminum metals by chitosan-clay nanocomposite was investigated in five concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 weight percentage and at contact times of 60, 120 and 180 minutes. . In two concentrations of 0.2% and 0.5% of adsorbent and in contact times of 60 and 120 minutes, zinc and aluminum metals had the highest absorption rate compared to copper and iron metals, and in contact time of 180 minutes, iron metal had the highest absorption percentage (P<0.05). In concentrations of 0.8% and 1% of adsorbent in all three times, zinc metal has the highest removal percentage and aluminum has the lowest removal percentage (P<0.05) and two metals iron and copper rank second without any significant difference were placed (P<0.05). The results of the present study showed that the amount of metal absorption by chitosan-clay nanocomposite is related to the concentration of the adsorbent and the contact time and chitosan-clay nanocomposite can be used to remove and reduce the level of heavy metal contamination in the wastewater of fishmeal and other food factories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Effects of clay nanoparticles added to the bonab landfill soil to reduce the permeability and control of leachate
Mohammad Azar-Afza ابراهیم Asghari-Koljahi M.R MashrafifarSolid waste excretion is one of the problems of urbanization. The last element obligated the waste managementsystem and the final destiny all wastes should be discarded is bury. Engineering buried sanitary landfill methodof waste disposal in land, is to prevent harm to MoreSolid waste excretion is one of the problems of urbanization. The last element obligated the waste managementsystem and the final destiny all wastes should be discarded is bury. Engineering buried sanitary landfill methodof waste disposal in land, is to prevent harm to the environment. Landfills in the case of non-compliance withengineering principles, the ability to create very high pollution in the environment, groundwater, surface waterand soil. that is have concerned authorities and the public. One of the major landfill pollution, the infecting iscaused by the movement of leachate and groundwater contamination. In the design and management of landfills,leachate control, body construction, drainage channels design, is one of the most important factors. Control andreduce the permeability of the landfill is critical environmental factors. To reduce the permeability of the landfillbody used geomembranes, clay layers and other impermeable materials.In this study, the effects of added nanoparticles of clay to landfill body soil to reduced permeability has beeninvestigated. This study located in the Bonab city of East Azarbaijan. The results show that adding 3% to 9%clay nanoparticles caused a significant reduction in soil permeability of landfill body. So that the soilpermeability reduced from 3.25×10-6 to 4.22× 10-7 centimeter per second in normal leachate conditions. In acidicleachate conditions soil permeability reduced from 3.83×10-6 to 7.20× 10-7 centimeter per second and in alkalineor basic leachate conditions from 2.76×10-6 to 2.02× 10-7 centimeter per second. Thus, the addition of clay andclay nanoparticles significantly reduce the permeability of landfill body to passing leachate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Improved flame retardancy on polyester fabrics using chitosan-modified clay
Sima Habibi S Nourbakhsh SH HakimpourThe main objective of the present study was an improvement in flame retardancy (FR) of polyester fabric using modified clay as a green flame retardant. For this purpose, the polyester fabric was first treated with an alkaline agent, then nano-clay was modified with chit MoreThe main objective of the present study was an improvement in flame retardancy (FR) of polyester fabric using modified clay as a green flame retardant. For this purpose, the polyester fabric was first treated with an alkaline agent, then nano-clay was modified with chitosan to form organo-clay and used as a flame-retardant finish for coating samples. To investigate the physical properties of samples, the water absorption and bending resistance of pristine polyester, alkaline, and modified clay-treated polyester were measured. Modified clay and surface-treated polyester fabrics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR/ATR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study revealed that chitosan-modified clay treatment affects the flame retardancy of polyester samples through an increase in limiting oxygen index (LOI), char yield, and a decrease in melt dripping while burning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Effects of clay minerals in soil pollution
Peyman Azizi In addition to providing nutrients, soil also has a purifying property. This characteristic of the soil is obtained as a result of the physical (infiltration and movement of water through the pores), chemical (surface absorption, etc.) and biological properties o More In addition to providing nutrients, soil also has a purifying property. This characteristic of the soil is obtained as a result of the physical (infiltration and movement of water through the pores), chemical (surface absorption, etc.) and biological properties of the soil (decomposition and decay of organic matter). Clay minerals are cation exchangers and have an important effect on the storage capacity and mobility of heavy metals in the soil. There is a positive relationship between cation exchange capacity and heavy metal absorption. Kaolinite mineral does not show a significant correlation with the amount of heavy metals and forms the weakest cation-clay bond. Studies have shown that there are no polluting elements with this mineral. Minerals of the smectite group are strong cation exchangers and their presence can affect the mobility of toxic elements. Studies confirm the positive correlation between the presence of vermiculite and heavy metals, which is probably due to the higher specific levels and bonding capacity of this type of mineral. Minerals that have variable electric charge, such as iron and aluminum oxides, which have various charges from positive to negative depending on soil pH, have a large storage capacity. Surface absorption and release of heavy metals in soils is significantly controlled by the amount and proportion of secondary oxide minerals. Therefore, phyllosilicate and oxide clay minerals are effective as a surface absorbing agent for the correction and treatment of potential environmental pollution, and the capacity of trapping and surface absorption of heavy metals by them can be an important parameter for evaluating the geochemical vulnerability of an ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Comparative Investigation of Achaemenid Wall Paintings of Shaour Palace
Fatemeh MohseniThe historic-artistic and comparative probe accomplished on two pieces of painting on a clay layer belonging to Achaemenid period, which had been kept in a room in Susa Castle demonstrated that these two pieces were the two first paintings obtained from the Achaemenid p MoreThe historic-artistic and comparative probe accomplished on two pieces of painting on a clay layer belonging to Achaemenid period, which had been kept in a room in Susa Castle demonstrated that these two pieces were the two first paintings obtained from the Achaemenid period that have been created on the clay wall. In order to attain the essence of the paintings and their content, investigation about the figure's details was first done and, then it referred to the figures' relationship. The outcome of the study is to recognize and identify the figures and the subject matters of the pictures as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Deformation Performance of the Karkheh Earth Dam with Mixed and Pure Clay Coreunder Seismic Excitations
Majdedin Mir Hosseini R. Bahrami M. AsadolahiPajouh -
Open Access Article
34 - Evaluation of Influencing Factors on the Pull-out Behavior of Suction Caissons
Adel Asakereh Abdol Hamid Kamali -
Open Access Article
35 - A Comparative Study on the Seismic Displacements of the Karkhe Large Embankment Dam with Mixed and Pure Clay Core-Iran
R. Bahrami Seyed Majdedin Mir Mohammad Hosseini M. Asadolahi Pajouh -
Open Access Article
36 - Strength Characteristics of Clay Mixtures with Waste Materials in Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Mahya Roustaei Mahmoud Ghazavi -
Open Access Article
37 - Effect of Adding Nanoclay on the Mechanical Behaviour of Fine-grained Soil Reinforced with Polypropylene Fibers
Alireza Tabarsa SeyedJassem Hosseini -
Open Access Article
38 - Effects of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil
Fardin Asadollahi Rouzbeh Dabiri -
Open Access Article
39 - Evaluation of trichostrongylidae parasites infestation of Ghezel sheep in East Azerbaijan Province using fecal eggs test
shahram hosseinzadeh seyyedabbas rafat gholamali moghaddam ahmad nematollahi rahman hajializadehAbstract Economical production of sheep is reduced by gastrointestinal parasites; and they can also be transmitted to humans. The present study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal nematode parasites fauna and infestation rate in Ghezel sheep MoreAbstract Economical production of sheep is reduced by gastrointestinal parasites; and they can also be transmitted to humans. The present study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal nematode parasites fauna and infestation rate in Ghezel sheep of East Azerbaijan province and stool samples were examined for helminthes infections. In this study, 120 lambs with 4-6 months’ age were selected from 6 herds (20 lambs from each herd). Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of lambs and parasites were counted by Clayton Lane method. The number of counted parasites eggs of Nematodirus, Marshallagia marshalli, Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus were 39, 24, 23 and 14 percent respectively. Due to the contamination of sheep, control and treatment measures should be carried out and further research is recommended regarding prevention and control of infestation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Shape Selective Pillared Clay Catalysts for P-Xylene Production
dalia radwan Mohamed Ebiad Sara Mekhail -
Open Access Article
41 - Effects of nanoclay particles contained-acrylic resin and plant mulch on morphological characteristics of pistachio (Pistaciavera L.) in Gorpan rangeland, Esfarāyen
paria kamali gholamali heshmati Adel sepehri shervin ahmadiWater scarcity issue and itscomplexity is found to be one of the problems in Iran. On the other hand, farming fruits species in the form of a rangeland project for resident nomads can be one of the solutions to livelihood of this group of stakeholders as well as to redu MoreWater scarcity issue and itscomplexity is found to be one of the problems in Iran. On the other hand, farming fruits species in the form of a rangeland project for resident nomads can be one of the solutions to livelihood of this group of stakeholders as well as to reduce the number of livestock in the natural resource and rangelands. The present research shed lights on effect of mixing acrylic resin and nanoclay particle as a mulch on moisture absorption and retention as well as its impact on establishment of pistachio.Treatments include controls, plant mulch (rain-fed wheat straw) and polymer nano-composite 0%, 1% and 3% nanoclay - acrylic resin with 10 replicates for each treatment. Pistachio morphological traits (plant height, canopy area and number of leaves) were measured after one year after planting.Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan. The results showed no significant difference between treatments straw to control (at probability level of 5%) but other treatments (at probability level of 1%) had significant difference with control.All treatments treatment had significant difference to 3% nano-clay particles of acrylic resin so that the plant height, canopy area and number of leaves in treatment 3% nano-clay, acrylic resins were higher than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of thermal and antimicrobial behavior of Montmorillonite nanoclay modified with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
Milad Edraki davood zaarei -
Open Access Article
43 - Effect of nanoparticles on the improving mechanical behavior of GFRP composites in a corrosive environment
Yasaman Gitiara Reza Barbaz-Isfahani Saeed Saber-Samandari Mojtaba Sadighi -
Open Access Article
44 - Evaluation of thermal and antimicrobial behavior of Montmorillonite nanoclay modified with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
Milad Edraki Davood Zaarei -
Open Access Article
45 - The Mechanical Properties of PA6/NBR/clay/CaCO3 Hybrid Nanocomposites
Abouzar Haghshenas Hamzeh Shahrajabian -
Open Access Article
46 - Efficient synthesis of xanthene derivatives in aqueous media in the presence of Cu-anchored furfural imine-functionalized halloysite
Samahe Sadjadi -
Open Access Article
47 - Introduction of Brönsted acidic ionic liquid supported on nanoporous Na+-montmorillonite as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-tetrahydro-4H-pyrans
Farhad Shirini Masoumeh Makhsous Mohadeseh Seddighi -
Open Access Article
48 - Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Ni/Silica Pillared Clay on HDPE Plastic Hydrocracking to Produce Liquid Hydrocarbons as Fuel
Darwanta Darwanta Wega Trisunaryanti Karna Wijaya Suryo Purwono -
Open Access Article
49 - Effects of climate and soil properties on phytochemical characteristics of Ferulago angulate (Schltdl.) Boiss
Khodabakhsh Safari Mehrab Yadegari Behzad Hamedi -
Open Access Article
50 - Study on the Effect of Different Growing Media on the Growth and Yield of Gerbera(Gerbera jamesonii L.)
M. A. Khalaj M. Amiri S.S. SindhuTo study the effect of different substrates on growth and yield of gerbera, this experiment was carried out as randomized completely block design with 14 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments were as fallowing: fine sand, peat+fine sand (25%+75%), peat+fine sand (50 MoreTo study the effect of different substrates on growth and yield of gerbera, this experiment was carried out as randomized completely block design with 14 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments were as fallowing: fine sand, peat+fine sand (25%+75%), peat+fine sand (50%+50%), perlite+peat (75%+25%), perlite+peat (50%+50%), perlite+peat (25% +75%), perlite+peat+expanded clay (25%+70%+5%), perlite+peat+ expanded clay (50 %+25%+25%), perlite+peat+expanded clay (25%+50%+25%), perlite+expanded clay (50%+50%), cocopeat, cocopeat+ perlite (75%+25%), cocopeat+perlite (50%+50%), coco peat+perlite+ expanded clay (50%+25%+25%), plants were fertilized with a same nutrient solution. Results showed that the growing medium containing perlite+ peat+expanded clay (25%+70%+5%) was the best treatment. In this substrate, flower number, flower diameter, shoot diameter, stem neck diameter, flower height and vase life showed significant difference among growing media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluate the clay minerals physicochemical properties on Bonab swelling soils
Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti Kazem Hashemimajd -
Open Access Article
52 - Experimental study of the nanoclays effects on soil permeability reduction to preparing Landfill liners vs leachate
Bagher Jafari Karim Abbasian -
Open Access Article
53 - Laboratory study to measure the swelling potential of fine-grained clay soils: A case study for Malekan city
Mehrdad Amiri Parisa Khosravi Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti -
Open Access Article
54 - Application of nanoclay filter to permeability reduction for bed soil from industrial effluent transmission channels (Case Study)
Bagher Jafari Karim Abbasian -
Open Access Article
55 - Assessment of the clay mineralogy effect on Ajabshir soils’ physicochemical characteristics and swelling phenomenon
Maryam Golnezhad Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti -
Open Access Article
56 - Investigation of the swelling aspect from Marageh city’s clayey soil based on mineralogy effects and physicochemical properties
Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti Maryam Golnezhad -
Open Access Article
57 - Effects of cement and lime addition to soft clays on their strength in saturated condition of Mahshahr Port
Yagob Zarei Ali Uromeihy Mohammad Reza Nikudel -
Open Access Article
58 - Numerical finite element modeling of creep behavior in clayey soil specimen under axial loading
Mahdi Aslalinezhad Fard -
Open Access Article
59 - Application of nanoclay and nanofiber filters to reduce soil permeability and leachates from landfill liners: A Review
Mahdi Nikbakht Fariba Behrooz Sarand Rouzbeh Dabiri Masoud Bonab -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigation of simultaneous removal of Basic Orange 2 dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions by modified nanoclay in continuous washing system using response surface methodology (RSM)
Armin Geroeeyan Ali Niazi Elaheh KonozIn the present study, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using modified montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). To characterize the adsorbent, FESEM and EDX-MAP analyses were performed. The process of the removal of pollutants MoreIn the present study, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using modified montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). To characterize the adsorbent, FESEM and EDX-MAP analyses were performed. The process of the removal of pollutants was investigated through the designing and fabrication of the continuous washing system and the effect of important variables influencing the process such as concentration of dye and Ni(II), pH, length of column and the number of washing cycles was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) has been applied to study the influence of experimental factors on the simultaneous removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) in continuous system and the interaction of the variables were scrutinized through response surface curves. According to RSM results and optimization of simultaneous removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) using desirability function, the optimal values for the five variables of dye concentration, Ni(II) concentration, pH, length of column, and number of washing cycles were found 12.07 mg L-1, of 12.97 mg L-1, 8.18, 12.97 cm and 2, respectively. The results of the removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) in continuous washing system using modified montmorillonite nanoclay showed that this method can be efficient for the adsorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Preparation and study the morphology of biodegradable nanocomposite based on PLA/NBR/nanoclay: the effect of ACN content
مهشید معروفخانی علی اصغر کتبابIn the present study, attempts have been made to prepare nanocomposites based on polylactide (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and 4 wt% of organically modified nanoclay (Cloisite 10A) via melt mixing process in an internal batch mixer for the first time. T MoreIn the present study, attempts have been made to prepare nanocomposites based on polylactide (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and 4 wt% of organically modified nanoclay (Cloisite 10A) via melt mixing process in an internal batch mixer for the first time. To investigate the effect of acrylonitrile (ACN) content of NBR phase on the dispersion state and localization of silicate nanolayers and micromorphology of blends, three different NBRs with low (19%), medium (33%) and high (51%) ACN content were employed. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were conducted on the prepared samples. The size of dispersed NBR droplets decreased by the incorporation of nanoclay into the composition of all PLA/NBR blends, irrespective of the ACN content. This is mainly attributed to the reduction of the coalescence of the rubber droplets by the clay platelets. However, the reduction in NBR droplets size by the nanolayers was more pronounced for the nanocomposites having high ACN rubber phase as a result of higher localization of clay platelets within the interface of PLA and NBR. XRD analysis revealed that nanoclay mainly located at the interface of PLA/NBR-H, as the intensity of the peaks was quite similar for the nanocomposites with different rubber conten Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Germination and seedling emergence of green bean and maize in different soil depths and physical characteristics
Behnam Behtari Adel Dabbag Mohammadi Nasab Kazem Ghassemi Golezani Mohammad Reza ShakibaA field study was carried out to investigate the effects of four planting depths and three soil types with different physical characteristics on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Var. sunray) and maize (Zea mays L. Var. Amyla) seed germination and seedling emergence.The ai MoreA field study was carried out to investigate the effects of four planting depths and three soil types with different physical characteristics on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Var. sunray) and maize (Zea mays L. Var. Amyla) seed germination and seedling emergence.The aim of the experiments was to investigate the physical effects of the soil on seed ecology and emergence dynamics. The result revealed that germination inhibition was directly proportional to clay content and inversely proportional to sand content due to burial depth. Depth of fifty percent emergence inhibition (Di50%) were equal to 5.3 cm in clay soil for both green bean and maize, if this was for silty soil, respectively 5.4 and 2.7 cm. A significant linear regression between clay particle content and Di50% revealed that those soil components had opposite effects in terms of favoring or inhibiting depth mediated inhibition. Therefore, increasing soil clay contents increased inhibition of seedlings. The data also showed that the oxygen content in the surrounding soil of seeds can not be an important factor for seed germination differences, and its effect was insignificant. Increasing geometric mean decreased particle diameter soil inhibition. In conclusion, these experiments showed soil physical properties had a strong effect on buried-seed ecology and consequently on seed germination and seedling emergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Adsorption of Copper (II) Ions on a Montmorillonite Clay and its Application as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction
Hanane Essebaai zakaria Benzekri Houda Serrar Ahmed Lebkiri Said Boukhris Said Marzak ElHousseine Rifi -
Open Access Article
64 - Utilization of Modified Clay as a Low-cost Adsorbent for Landfill Leachate Treatment
Matin Hajjizadeh Hossein Ganjidoust Shahriar Ghammamy Forough Farsad -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigation of TiO2 influence on quality of the blends of clays from Semirom and Gheshlagh Mines for using in refractory industry
حسین پایدار جمال طراحIn this project, the blends of two row materials which were made up of clays from Simirom- and Gheshlagh-mines were examined to determine their thermal behavior for production of fire-bricks. The reason of blending these two materials was the high content of TiO2 (5.08 MoreIn this project, the blends of two row materials which were made up of clays from Simirom- and Gheshlagh-mines were examined to determine their thermal behavior for production of fire-bricks. The reason of blending these two materials was the high content of TiO2 (5.08 %) in clay from Gheshlagh and low percentage of titanium-dioxide (1.52 %) in clay from Simirom. Some samples of mixed substances were burned at temperatures of 1340 and 1600 °C for 5 hours. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the raw and burned materials were determined by using XRF, XRD and SEM. The constituent minerals of the raw material are kaollinite, dickite, geothite and quartz in the clay from Simirom and kaollinite, boehmite, rutile, diaspor(?), dickite, and goethite in the substance from Gheshlagh. The burned mixed materials consisted of mullite, silica and rutile. According to the data resulting of examinations, the suitable mixture of two materials with different contents of TiO2 can make it possible to have an appropriate mixed material for using in refractory industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - سنتز آلیاژ تیتانیوم (Ti-6Al-4V)به روش آلیاژسازی مکانیکی و بررسی رفتار مکانیکی و زیست فعالی نانوکامپوزیت (Ti-6Al-4V/HA-Clay)
محمدعلی مطلبی ابراهیم کرمیان مجید کریمیان ایمپلنتهای تیتانیمی به علت سبکی و مقاومت در مقابل خوردگی در محیطهای بیولوژیکی و همچنین دانسیته نزدیک به استخوان بدن، کاربردهای پزشکی خاصی دارند. یکی از آلیاژهای تیتانیم در این زمینه Ti-6Al-4V است، که روش آلیاژسازی مکانیکی به علت نقطه ذوب و شرایط سخت ریختهگری ا More ایمپلنتهای تیتانیمی به علت سبکی و مقاومت در مقابل خوردگی در محیطهای بیولوژیکی و همچنین دانسیته نزدیک به استخوان بدن، کاربردهای پزشکی خاصی دارند. یکی از آلیاژهای تیتانیم در این زمینه Ti-6Al-4V است، که روش آلیاژسازی مکانیکی به علت نقطه ذوب و شرایط سخت ریختهگری این آلیاژها روش تولید متداولتری است. هیدروکسی آپاتیت به دلیل زیست سازگاری و زیست فعالی بالا، ترکیبی مشابه با ترکیب استخوان درترمیم استخوان بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. همچنین کلی به علت حضور یون Si که میتواند به عنوان جوانهزنی در آپاتیت سازی (استخوانسازی) عمل کند مورد توجه است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی زمان و شرایط آسیاکاری جهت آلیاژسازی؛ همچنین بررسی اثرات زمان، دما و شرایط زینترینگ در مرحله متالورژی پودر (PM) بوده است که تأثیر آنها بر روی خواص مکانیکی و رفتار زیست بررسی میگردد. در این پژوهش، ابتدا از استخوان گاو، هیدروکسی آپاتیت طبیعی به دست آمده، سپس با استفاده از نانو پودر کلی و روش آسیا کاری پر انرژی نانو کامپوزیت کلی- هیدروکسی تبدیل گردید. در نهایت نمونههای بالک آلیاژ تیتانیم محتوی 0%، 10%، 20% و 30% درصد وزنی مخلوط سرامیکی هیدروکسی آپاتیت-کلی تهیه گردید. جهت بررسی خواص مکانیکی، آزمون اندازهگیری استحکام فشاری سرد و همچنین ارزیابی زیست فعالی، آزمون زیست فعالی بر روی نمونههای متراکم شده انجام گرفت. بررسی نتایج نشان میدهد که بهترین خواص مکانیکی و رفتار زیست فعالی در نمونه کامپوزیتی تیتانیمی محتوی 20% وزنی مخلوط نانو کامپوزیت سرامیکی مشاهده گردید؛ بنابراین این نانوکامپوزیت تیتانیمی میتواند به عنوان یک کاندیدای مناسب جهت مقاصد مهندسی پزشکی معرفی میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigating the Efficiency of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) in Wastewater Treatment of Dairy Industry
Hooman Bahmanpour Reza Habashi Seyed Mohammad Hosseini -
Open Access Article
68 - The numerical investigation of the weak clay soil treatments using vacuum preloading and vertical drains without embankment surcharge
mehdi mokhberi Mohammad Mehdi Pardsouie mehdi momeni roghabadiDue to the fast growth of urban and industrial facilities, the necessity of construction in new land becomes inevitable. Most of these lands were left as a result of the existence of weak layers that make them unsuitable for construction. One the methods in treatment of MoreDue to the fast growth of urban and industrial facilities, the necessity of construction in new land becomes inevitable. Most of these lands were left as a result of the existence of weak layers that make them unsuitable for construction. One the methods in treatment of such lands that have weak clay layers is the application of surcharge with or without prefabricated vertical drains or vacuum. In this literature first a brief description of the vacuum and surcharge preloading is presented and then a case history was investigated by finite element method that consists of only vacuum and prefabricated vertical drains without embankment. Based on the results the application of vacuum preloading alone even in the absence of surcharge, would give satisfactory results, especially where the application of surcharge preloading is not possible due to the unavailability of suitable loading material or the existence of sensitive buildings or infrastructures. The results of this literature can be used by consulting companies or personals who are active in land reclamation, especially in offshore regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Study of Geotechnical Properties of Clay mixed with Geofoam Particles
Sepehr Saedi Rouzbeh Dabiri Larissa KhodadadiNowadays new materials for improving bearing capacity of soils are widely used. Kind of new materials used in this regard are geosynthetics. Geofoam panel type of geosyntethic materials is useful and alternative for backfill in retaining wall or pavement layers. Main id MoreNowadays new materials for improving bearing capacity of soils are widely used. Kind of new materials used in this regard are geosynthetics. Geofoam panel type of geosyntethic materials is useful and alternative for backfill in retaining wall or pavement layers. Main idea in this research is study geofoam particles and moisture effects on improvement bearing capacity of clayey soil. Geofoam particles effects on clay in 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% percent were considered. Also, moisture were changed in 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 percent in specimens. In order to evaluating geofoam particles influence in geotechnical properties of clayey soil some laboratory tests such as compaction, uniaxial strength, direct shear and permeability tests were performed. Results of this study showed that clay specimens with 0.05% geofoam particles along with 14 % water content have optimum geotechnical behavior. As, maximum dry density went up, permeability decreased and shear strength of specimens increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The Persepolis's clay tablets
Neda ZiyabakhshIn solar (shamsi) American investigators from chicago university succeded to obtain more than clay tablets written with Elamian letters and sealed with persian cuneiform letters which belonged to eastern north of persepolis. These privileged and exclusive MoreIn solar (shamsi) American investigators from chicago university succeded to obtain more than clay tablets written with Elamian letters and sealed with persian cuneiform letters which belonged to eastern north of persepolis. These privileged and exclusive documents allocated to the list of ortificers and experts payrolls which were participated ip stablishing Persepolis construction. This essay tries to offer some innovative points of the tablets and their engraving, and also translation of some of them. Manuscript profile