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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis of Permeability Indices in Urban Fabric
Bahram AminzadehGoharrizi Siamak BadrPermeability is one of the basic concepts of contemporary theories ofurban planning and design which as a qualitative index (in some aspects) has taken a great attention in decisions of urban planners. However a more connected (Permeable) road system provides a great nu MorePermeability is one of the basic concepts of contemporary theories ofurban planning and design which as a qualitative index (in some aspects) has taken a great attention in decisions of urban planners. However a more connected (Permeable) road system provides a great number of route options and provides more direct routes but it is arguable that permeability is not always a good quality of urban fabric. A great number of samples can be found in historic cities of Iran that for defensive purpose or for cultural/religious reasons, permeability is intentionally decreased as shown in samples of article from Old Semnan City. In Iranian cities also assessing this measurement (permeability) has a great role in defining decays in urban spaces and an index is used for it. Reviewing literature on the nature of this concept (not only in urban planning and design field but in general) shows that what has been used in defining permeability is not pervasive. As a response to this deficient definition and index for measuring permeability, this article has reviewed and represented some other measurements (including Intersection density, Street Density, Connected Node Ratio, Link Node Ratio, Gamma Index and Alpha Index) that has been used around world as response to pedestrian safety, decreasing emergency services time, etc. Finally application of them in a sample urban fabric is showed. Many of these indices are based on the simulating urban street pattern to a planar graph and so some principles of graph theory (Like Euler Theory) is applied in order to define the best and worst samples. But looking at urban fabrics shows some differences in these two, so based on these differences Gamma (Ratio of the number of links in the network to the maximum possible number of links between nodes) and Alpha (Ratio of the number of actual circuits to the maximum number of circuits) Indices are reviewed and a new form of them is proposed. Finally for measuring permeability, a combination of three indices of Distance of parcel to the first entrance of district, adjusted gamma and alpha indices and Distance to first intersection is proposed. For applying this method to a sample urban fabric, the number of calculation for each parcel will decrease enormously. So a procedure for programming (automation) in GIS is proposed which makes this method in some aspects dynamic. Data and Informationfor applying in this procedure can be collected from roads network layer of each city and parcels in land use maps. Based on this, decision makers can modify both indices and proposed alternatives by considering the outcomes of the process. For the purpose of testing this procedure a sample of Tehran city which is located in southern part of it and as a historical area suffer from permeability problem, is selected and each index is assessed in it and then using the method proposed in this article an intervention process is proposed in the area and finally it is reassessed which shows whether the intervention is efficient or not. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - New Criteria for Existence of a Class of Generalized Euler-types Constants
M. H. EGHTESADI FARD Mohammad Hadi HooshmandOne of the most important mathematical constants is Euler-Mascheroni constant that is the limit of the sequence -------------------------------- and is denoted by gamma. Some other developed constants known as Euler type constants are introduced in order to generalize MoreOne of the most important mathematical constants is Euler-Mascheroni constant that is the limit of the sequence -------------------------------- and is denoted by gamma. Some other developed constants known as Euler type constants are introduced in order to generalize the above constant. In the present paper, inspired by the functional sequence derivative of the limit summand of functions (introduced by Second the author in ) introduces a family of generalized Euler type constants, and a test for their convergence. Then the existence of such constants is proved, and it is shown that the existence test presented by J. Sandor that was published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications in is one of its corollaries, and that generalized Euler type constants include a vaster spectrum of them. Also, some relationships between the topic and the Gamma-type functions (a class of functions satisfied the difference functional equation ----------- will be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Portfolio Optimization with CVaR under VG Process
Mostafa Heidari HaratmehFormal portfolio optimization methodologies describe the dynamics of financial instruments price with Gaussian Copula (GC). Regardless of the skewness and kurtosis of assets return rate, optimization with GC underestimates the optimal CVaR of portfolio. In the present p MoreFormal portfolio optimization methodologies describe the dynamics of financial instruments price with Gaussian Copula (GC). Regardless of the skewness and kurtosis of assets return rate, optimization with GC underestimates the optimal CVaR of portfolio. In the present paper, we develop an approach to portfolio optimization by introducing Lévy processes. It focuses on describing the dynamics of assets’ log price with Variance Gamma copula (VGC) rather than GC. Doing a case study on three Indexes of Iran Stock Market, the best hedge positions of Total Index, Market Index and Industry Index with the performance function CVaR under VG model were calculated. The results indicate that (a) VG copula can efficiently overcome the shortcomings of Gaussian copula which underestimates the CVaR of portfolio; (b) optimal portfolio, VaR and CVaR keep stable each time one parameter of sample’s skewness or kurtosis was changed, but the optimal portfolio change significantly when the sample’s mean increases or decreases; (c) different copula lead to different optimal CVaR; and (d) fat-tailedness and kurtosis are extremely important in portfolio optimization framework. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Application of nanozeolite technology in the removal of sulfate from the Gamasyab River
Amin Rezaei Hossein Babazadeh Amir Khosrojerdi Mahdi Sarai TabriziHuman activities, the presence of salts in riverbeds and runoff, as well as pollutants carried by the air lead to the contamination of rivers as one of the main sources of water supply. In this study, the Gamasayab River was selected and sampling was conducted at 16 des MoreHuman activities, the presence of salts in riverbeds and runoff, as well as pollutants carried by the air lead to the contamination of rivers as one of the main sources of water supply. In this study, the Gamasayab River was selected and sampling was conducted at 16 designated points for three-time intervals in the most polluted location with the highest pollutant levels compared to other stations after spectrophotometric testing of the samples, in different seasons of the year. The collected samples were transported to the laboratory for measurement and determination of the target pollutant levels. Then, they were simulated using natural and modified zeolite nanoparticles for the purpose of purification. In the following, using the Design Expert model and assuming two factors, pH and absorbent-to-pollutant ratio, the optimal absorption points were determined, and the theoretical absorption values were also obtained. The research results showed that the absorption efficiency for the modified sample with 0.2 M nitric acid and sulfuric acid was estimated at 77%. From the investigation of the interaction between sulfate and three other pollutants including phosphate, nitrate, and iron, which was investigated by simulating the solution and in order to neutralize the effect of other dissolved substances, it was found that phosphate and nitrate ions led to a decrease in sulfate ion absorption by the absorbent, while iron ions increased the absorption of sulfate by the absorbent. The simulation results of the proposed model also indicated that the optimal absorption point for the absorbent was at a pH of 9.6 and a D/C value of 17.01, resulting in an absorption of the pollutant by 5.86%. Finally, the Freundlich isotherm was chosen for this absorbent with a coefficient of determination of 0.92 as the superior isotherm compared to the Langmuir isotherm with a coefficient of determination of 0.79. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Commercial spaces in Development Process: Comparative review of customer experiences of buying from megamalls or local shops
ناصر پوررضا کریم سرا hoseyn DehqanToday, commercial spaces are part of urban spaces that, in addition to economic functions, have been considered by theorists as a forum for meeting and dialogue consistent with the goals of human-oriented cities. In this paper, the role of these spaces in the process of MoreToday, commercial spaces are part of urban spaces that, in addition to economic functions, have been considered by theorists as a forum for meeting and dialogue consistent with the goals of human-oriented cities. In this paper, the role of these spaces in the process of urban development has been examined and a comparative assessment of customer experiences of buying from megamalls, as one of the features of development, and local shops has been carried out.The statistical sample of the present study is 416 people selected from three commercial complexes located in Tehran and local shops within a 500-m radius of these shopping malls. The three megamalls and commercial complexes under consideration are: Palladium Complex in District 1, Ekbatan Megamall in District 5 and Kian Complex in District 17. Also, the respondents were selected through systematic sampling, taking into account their age and sex. The respondents were interviews for gathering research information.The results of independent t-test showed that customers of megamalls and commercial complexes with an mean of 14.4 more than those of local shops with an mean of 12.6, found their referrals to be suitable for their communication network. There is also a significant relationship between the rate of referrals to megamalls with the correlation coefficient of 0.251 with megamalls as a network generator. On the other hand, sellers' trust in megamalls and commercial complexes with a mean of 2.85 is higher than that of local shops with a mean of 1.45. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - بررسی اثر کشندگی اشعه گاما بر Escherichia coli (در آب های راکد)
حامد اهری دکتر قاسم یوسف بیگی دکتر رسول خدابخش شیما قلی زاده سلطانی دکتر سعید نفیسی دکتر عاطفه ایمانی سالار حسین نظمی -
Open Access Article
7 - Decellularization of ostrich plantar ligament
روزبه Moridpour حمیدرضا Fattahian پژمان MortazaviThe use of tissue is very common to return organ function nowadays. Tissue engineering and novel preparation techniques in therapy are a main role. In present research use of chemical and physical methods was tried to prepare tissue from connective tissue of plantar str MoreThe use of tissue is very common to return organ function nowadays. Tissue engineering and novel preparation techniques in therapy are a main role. In present research use of chemical and physical methods was tried to prepare tissue from connective tissue of plantar structure of ostrich. Five pair of ostrich is feet separated of tarsometatarsal joint were sent to laboratory. Microscopic study and biomechanical evaluation were performed. De-celluraization of the tissue was done with sodium dodecyl sulfate and vacuum. Finally, light and electron microscope studies were carried out. Biomechanical evaluation was done as well. Ligamentum plantar composed of fibrocartilage tissue that decellularization process last as percent of cells and their nucleus content. There was not significant difference between prepared tissue and original tissue in tension and compression parameters. SDS with vacuum decellularized till as percent with connective tissue unchanged with minimal antigenicity feature as xenograft. The tissue could be used after sterilization in patient in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of Genetic Expression Programming model for Suspended Sediment Load estimation based on data preprocessing using Gamma Test method (Case study: Rood Zard watershed)
Adele Alijanpour Shalmani Ali Reza Vaezi Mahmood Reza TabatabaeiIn this research, the data of the machine hydrometric station was used in the Rood Zard watershed with a statistical period of 36 years (1977-2012). In order to reduce time and cost, pre-processing of input data into the GEP model was obtained using gamma test method an MoreIn this research, the data of the machine hydrometric station was used in the Rood Zard watershed with a statistical period of 36 years (1977-2012). In order to reduce time and cost, pre-processing of input data into the GEP model was obtained using gamma test method and entered the GEP model along with non-preprocessing combinations of the test and error method. The results of comparison between all models showed that the best combination of input variable from gamma test with the lowest standard error is zero, gamma statistic is 0.000092 and Vratio statistic is 0.012 and the combination of variables including average daily flow discharge with two steps of time delay and average daily precipitation with three steps of time delay, had the most accurate and correct estimate for suspended sediment load. This model had the lowest value of RMSE=1671.90 (ton/day) and MAE=475.68 (ton/day) and the highest value of R2=0.99 and NSE=0.99 compared to other models. Therefore, the use of gamma test method as a data preprocessing method, by selecting combinations of appropriate input variables to models, an average of up to 40% of the estimated error (RMSE) of daily suspended sediment load compared to the inputs from the test and reduce the error and increase the performance of the GEP model in estimating the suspended sediment load by increasing the similarity between the values of observational data with computational data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Optimization of Irradiated Kiwi Fruit Properties Using Response Surface Methodology and Prediction with Neural Network and Regression Method
H. Kiani M. H. Rahmati A. Mohammad-RazdariIntroduction: Application of ionizing radiation as a new method in the preservation ofagricultural products has been introduced since 35 years ago. Gamma irradiation has beenintroduced as a new technique to preserve the foods.Materials and Methods: Kiwifruit cultivar (H MoreIntroduction: Application of ionizing radiation as a new method in the preservation ofagricultural products has been introduced since 35 years ago. Gamma irradiation has beenintroduced as a new technique to preserve the foods.Materials and Methods: Kiwifruit cultivar (Hayward) has been used and the samples with 0(Control), 0.5, 1 and 2 kGy cobalt-60 were gamma irradiated then refrigerated at 3±1°C for aduration of 0, 30.60 and 90 days. In this study Response Surface Methodology and inputparameters consisted of irradiation dose and storage time for optimal conditions for storage ofirradiated kiwis were determined. Finally, using regression and neural network methodsoutput prediction and response surface method were compared.Results : The optimal conditions for storage of irradiated kiwis were determined. Theoptimum point for shelf-life, radiation dose, weight, color parameters L*, a* and b*, ascorbicacid content and pH value, were proposed respectively, (two months, 1 kGy, 48.13 and 45.86,11.03 and 12.79, 29.916, 3.2545). By increasing storage time and radiation dose, the weightof stored samples reduced. By increasing irradiation dose and duration of storage a*parameter decreased. By increasing irradiation dose also the b* parameter reduced but byincreased storage time, L* increased. Similarly, by increasing storage time and radiation dose,pH value increased and ascorbic acid content reduced.Conclusion: The neural network and regression analysis have been employed to predict thechanges in color, weight, pH value and ascorbic acid content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Modeling Daily River Flow Using Simulator Meta-Models (Case study: Gamasiab River)
massoumeh zeinalie mohammad reza golabi mohammad hossein Niksokhan mohammad reza SharifiBackground and Aim: The aim is first to express the differences and identify three models, namely, Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Neural-Fuzzy Network (ANFIS), and Bayesian Network (BN), and compare them with each other. Furthermore, the research's central question MoreBackground and Aim: The aim is first to express the differences and identify three models, namely, Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Neural-Fuzzy Network (ANFIS), and Bayesian Network (BN), and compare them with each other. Furthermore, the research's central question is whether the superior simulation meta-modal in this study can be a suitable alternative to conceptual models in the conditions of lack of data and information. Methods: The data used for this study are the daily rainfall and flow data of the Gamasiab Nahavand River in 10 years from 2002 to 2012. For the prediction or simulation stage, the data of the blue year 2012-2011 have been used. Results: In the training phase and according to the coefficient of explanation and the square root of the mean squares error and the AIC criterion, it is observed that in all three models, both in the training phase and in the test phase, we see a minimal difference in the amount of these parameters. Moreover, all three models' results are close to each other with almost a minimal difference, and almost the relative superiority of the GEP model can be seen. Discussion & Conclusion: The results indicate that the simulator meta-model of gene expression has an excellent ability to simulate and predict the river's daily flow, this simulation meta-model can be a suitable alternative to models in the absence of data and information. Be conceptual. Also, the speed of implementation of the gene expression programming model was faster than other models and was able to provide results in a short time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Assessing Ecological Capacity for Afforestation and Increasing Forest area Use Gamma and AHP Operator Efficiency
sahar tabibian Armin Hashemi Amirhosein Firouzan Mahsa HakimiAbed sirus bidarigh hamideh kavusiBackground and aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the ecological potential of the land in order to increase the level of afforestation.Method: Initially, gradient maps, altitudes above sea level, geographical directions, temperature, rainfall, humidity, soil, MoreBackground and aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the ecological potential of the land in order to increase the level of afforestation.Method: Initially, gradient maps, altitudes above sea level, geographical directions, temperature, rainfall, humidity, soil, canopy percentage with digitizing data received from relevant organizations and agencies. To evaluate ecological capability, fuzzy membership functions were standardized. In the following, the criteria used in the evaluation were prioritized based on multi-criteria evaluation and analytical hierarchy process and using the Expert selection software, the final weight was determined for each criterion.Findings: The criterion of altitude from the sea level has the highest value in the criteria and the criterion of gradient has the lowest value in the criteria. The results of this study showed that ecological power is directly related to ecological factors, especially climatic and physiographic factors. The results of the ecological capability assessment for afforestation operations with AND activated show that 5566 hectares of land are located in a very high class. The results of ecological capability assessment for afforestation with gamma activated show that 3098 hectares from the area are very large in class.Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, considering that about 60% of the area of the study area is covered with forest, according to the results of ecological power assessment for forestry, this study can be effective in recognizing the forestry potential and as a result of forestry development in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Application of Nano-Gamma Alumina Adsorbent for Nickel and Cobalt Removal from Mining Industry Wastewater
Fariba Soleimani Mohammad Hadi Givianrad Amir Hossein HaghighatyBackground and Objective: The development of urbanization and industries has led to an increase in sewage and wastewater production. The defective and non-standard disposal of these wastewaters has resulted in influx of large amounts of heavy metals into the environment MoreBackground and Objective: The development of urbanization and industries has led to an increase in sewage and wastewater production. The defective and non-standard disposal of these wastewaters has resulted in influx of large amounts of heavy metals into the environment which their removal, as bio-irresolvable contaminants, from water and wastewater are considerably important for protecting environment and public health. Method: In this study, gamma Nano-alumina was synthesized and its structural analysis was characterized, which was applied as a high performance adsorbent for heavy metals Nickel and Cobalt. Moreover, by using DX7 software for experiment design, the effects of different conditions such as heavy metals initial concentration, Nano-adsorbent amount and pH were modified. Findings: The results of XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX analysis, confirmed the existence of gamma Nano-alumina structure, and Nickel and Cobalt contents were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Nano gamma alumina, as a powerful adsorbent, could be adsorbed the high levels of Nickel and Cobalt in alkaline pH-rich environments, then in experimental samples, 98.66% of Nickel and 95.1% of Cobalt and in real samples, 100% was eliminated. Discussion and Conclusion: It was found that synthesized gamma Nano-alumina could be considered as a cost-effective and high-performance Nano-absorbent for heavy metals elimination. Consequently, it was verified by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, which the adsorption process of these elements with the Nano-alumina absorbent followed by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Estimation of Aquifer Qualitative Parameters in Guilans Plain Using Gamma Test and Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network Models
Mohammad Isazadeh seyedmostafa Biazar Afshin Ashrafzadeh Rezvan KhanjaniAbstract Background and Objective: Having information about qualitative and quantitative parameters distribution of groundwater supplies is one of most important parameters in integrated groundwater management. Thus, in this study it has been attempted to determine a pr MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Having information about qualitative and quantitative parameters distribution of groundwater supplies is one of most important parameters in integrated groundwater management. Thus, in this study it has been attempted to determine a proper model and input combination for estimation of quality parameters including electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) ions in aquifers of Guilans plain. Method: In this study, the data from 132 observation wells during 2001 to 2013 were used and artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector model (SVM) were applied. In the first approach, estimations were conducted according to five different combinations, including water level, distance from see, total precipitation of six months and coordinates of observation wells. In the second approach, estimations were conducted based on combination of the selected qualitative parameters of gamma test with combinations of the best input in the first part. Findings: Comparison of the results from the first part indicated that SVM model outperformed the ANN mode in the estimation of Ca, Na and EC parameters. Support vector machine error values for estimating Ca, Na and EC variables at the test period were 1.218 (meq/l), 0.867(meq/l), and 175.742 (µmos/cm), while for artificial neural network these values were 1.268 (meq/l), 0.933 (meq/l), and 186/448 (µmos/cm) respectively. The results from this part showed that adding the distance from see input improves the estimation of models in all cases. In the second part, using gamma test for measuring the nine quality parameters, the best combination of quality parameters was determined to estimate the three parameters: Ca, Na and EC. The results from the second part show that both ANN and SVM models have an excellent performance in the estimation of the three qualitative parameters. ANN model error values in estimating Ca, Na and EC variables in validation period were 0.662 (meq/l), 0.305(meq/l), and 47.346 (µmos/cm), while these values were 0.671 (meq/l), 0.356 (meq/l), and 55.412 (µmos/cm) for SVM model respectively. Obviously, the results from ANN model in this section were better than those from SVM model. Discussion and Conclusion:Results showed that both ANN and SVM models have a great ability in predicting qualitative parameters in the aquifers. Also, in less inputs, the results of SVM model are better than those of ANN model and in more inputs it is vice versa. Results of the second section showed that gamma test is fully practical and accurate in determining the effective input combinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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افسانه شهبازی نعمت ا... خراسانی کاظم نصرتی -
Open Access Article
15 - Measurement of water quality parameters and factors Gamasiab
Lima Tayebi Soheil Sobhan ArdakaniIntroduction: In this survey to analyze the effect of Aquaculture Farms on quality of Gamasiab Rive, we selected five sampling station along the river for sampling .Water quality parameters were determined and then compared with standard limits. Materials and Methods MoreIntroduction: In this survey to analyze the effect of Aquaculture Farms on quality of Gamasiab Rive, we selected five sampling station along the river for sampling .Water quality parameters were determined and then compared with standard limits. Materials and Methods: Sampling was done in three months August and September 2007 and March 2008 in the morning and evening because of the effect of Feeding in water quality. The water samples were gathered in polyethylene bottles and DO, pH, EC were determined at the station then samples were transferred to the lab for determining other parameters such as BODs, NH4+, NC)3, NOz and PC)43- Results: The results showed that only EC has no significant difference in stations but other parameters have that. For DO, pH and BOD5 parameters only between Bi station and control station (A) have not showed significant difference. NH4+ and NOa have showed significant difference between control station (A) and the others because of inputting the nutrition particles of aquaculture facility and villages wastewaters in the river. Also, between Aquaculture Farms there are significant difference in some parameters like NH4+ and NOs. For instance Ghazal Danesh farm with producing 100 tone fish entered more pollution to the river comparing with Ghazal Zaghros farm with producing 190 tone fish. Discussion and Conclusions: Comparing the water quality parameters in Gamasiab River with water quality classification table in physical, chemical and biological parameters showed that this river water quality is in ct-meso saprobe until P-meso saprobe. So, at present this river can do self-purification of pollution but because of the policy of developing Aquaculture Industry in Iran, especially Hamedan province and no controlling and monitoring on pollutant sources, this river would have serious problems such as purification in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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احمد مهدوی بهرام کیابی میترا امیدوار آشتیانی -
Open Access Article
17 - 7
نوشین حسین پور صیامی سیده فاطمه میرشجاعی سیدجواد حسینی مسلم یوسفی ابهرلو مهدی یوسفی تلگرد حسین تاجیک احمدی امیر موافقی -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigating the effects of trout farms effluent on riverine macrobenthic fauna based on alpha diversity indices and principal component analysis
Lima Tayebi Hadi pourBagher Hamid Farahmand Gholamreza Rafiee Alireza MirvaghefiBackground and Objective: Incerease of fish production and necessity of developing this industry by environmental measures show the importance of studing the aquaculture effects. In this stydy, the alpha biodiversity indices for macrobenthic community in response to tro MoreBackground and Objective: Incerease of fish production and necessity of developing this industry by environmental measures show the importance of studing the aquaculture effects. In this stydy, the alpha biodiversity indices for macrobenthic community in response to trout farm effluent located at Gamsiab River were calculated in 2013. Method: Sampls were collected from four stations at the inflow, outflow, and 500 meter and 1000 meter away from the farm and in three replicates from the middle and sides of the river by surber sampler. After identifying and counting the samples, the different biodiversity indeces including Shanon H', Berger-Parker, Alpha, Casewell, Simpson, Hill-Ho, Margalef and Ept/chir were calculated. Findings: Results showed that EPT/Chir index decreased in the outflow station in all seasons. Changes in alpha biodivesity indeces showed that some indices, such as Alpaha and Hill indices, in most cases decreased in the outflow station, while some others, such as Margalef richness index, increased. PCA analysis showed the relationship between biodiversity indices and both sampeling units in different stations and seasons and EPT/Chir index. Accordingly, all sampeling units were not related to one index and had stronger relationship wih some of the indices. Therefore, it was concluded that index type affects the study. Conclusion: Generally, analysis of the biodiversity indices showed that in different seasons and stations and in changing river conditions these indices had meaningful differences with one another, and did not lead to a single result for health situation of ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - مطالعه آناتومی و تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی (MRI) تاندون ها و لیگامانهای ناحیه کف پایی مفصل قلمی-بندانگشتی شتر مرغ (Struthio camelus)
حمید محی الدین عباس وشکینی حسن گیلانپور شهرام اخلاقپور سارنگ سروری آریا رضایی فر -
Open Access Article
20 - بررسی تابآوری شهر دورود در برابر زلزله با استفاده از روش گاما در سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
مهران کرمی عباس ملک حسینی -
Open Access Article
21 - risk factors and treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female and male athletes
Narges jahantigh akbari Sanam Barforoshan elham damaniIntroduction: Studies your target reviews of risk factors and also treatment for harm reduction anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) assigned to help sports society. Materials and Methods:systematic search databases Scopus, Pubmed, Cochran, Elsevier and google scholar for A MoreIntroduction: Studies your target reviews of risk factors and also treatment for harm reduction anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) assigned to help sports society. Materials and Methods:systematic search databases Scopus, Pubmed, Cochran, Elsevier and google scholar for Assigning Articles performed on the injury anterior cruciate ligament particularly studies conducted on prevalence of the pathology in women that has case studies of ACL injury, especially women, as well as of risk factors and treatment of ligament injury was detected in athletes.Results: A total of 18articles in field of check the network particularly ACL injuries in sports studies were conducted on the prevalence of The case studies acl injury and ligament injury risk factors and treatments available at the athletes were identified. Conclusion:The results showed that ACL injuries in athletes are more likely due to differences in neuromuscular. According to this study nonsurgical treatments surgical treatment including strength training, plyometric, weight bearing and proprioception whose activities the patient to return to the damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of grafted surfaces
E. Bi-Azar G.R. Shah-Hosseini M. Enayat-olahi M. Shapourgan R. Haghgo M. Rangi -
Open Access Article
23 - Synthesis and Characterization of α-Al2O3 Nanocrystallines from γ-Alumina Micron Powder by Using High Energy Mechanical Milling Method
M. Bodaghi A. Mirhabibi M.R. Tahriri F. Hazrati -
Open Access Article
24 - Preparation of Zinc Oxide Thin Film by Plasma Sputtering Method and Study of Changes in its Electrical, Structural and Morphological Properties with Different Doses of Gamma Radiation
S. Nobakht R. Talebzadeh S. Sobhanian H. Naghshara M. Kouhi -
Open Access Article
25 - Survey on fresh water Gammarus (Gammarus fasciatus) population and its relationship with non-biotic factor in Lakanshahr stream (Rasht, Iran)
Masoud Moosapour Hamid Allaf Noverian Fariborz Sayyad OghlyInroduction & Objective: The Gammarus has been widely distributed in different part of Iran and being as a source of food for aquatic animals. There are reports regarding to ecological factors about fresh-water Gammarus in Iran. But there is very limited reports abo MoreInroduction & Objective: The Gammarus has been widely distributed in different part of Iran and being as a source of food for aquatic animals. There are reports regarding to ecological factors about fresh-water Gammarus in Iran. But there is very limited reports about fresh-water Gammarus in Lakanshahr altitudes. Hence, the aim of this survey was to find out the effect of abiotic factors on Gammarus population in Lakanshahr height during spring season. Material and Methods: The samples were collected by means of Quadrat instrument from 10 station and measured for concentration of Gammarus. The abiotic parameters were; temperature, PH, Do2, Turbitidy and TDS. Results: With increasing temperature and decreasing turbidity in the month of June, the Gammarus population has been increased significantly (p0.05). The water parameters such as Do2 and PH has not shown significant differences in the months of spring (p<0.05); however, TDS has been decreased in the month of May and June. There is a significant correlation between temperature and Gammarus population (R2=0.948); but there is least correlation between Do2 and PH with Gammarus population (R2= 0.686) during months of spring. In addition to the nutrients of the decomposing leaf in the stream of lakanshahr in month of May and June has been increased the Gammarus population. Conclusion: The result of this survey indicated that the most effective water parameters in Gammarus population are temperature and turbidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Explaining the effects of contemporary consumption behavior in the formation of urban spaces in large-scale shopping centers (Case study: Megamall Ekbatan, Tehran)
Mehdi Moradi Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi Keramatollah ZiariWith the arrival of modernism in the cities of Iran and in parallel with the development process of globalization, commercial spaces have found a new structure and replaced the commercial space in the form of malls (large-scale shopping centers). Also, the behavior of s MoreWith the arrival of modernism in the cities of Iran and in parallel with the development process of globalization, commercial spaces have found a new structure and replaced the commercial space in the form of malls (large-scale shopping centers). Also, the behavior of space users according to the changing role of A city has been transformed and consumption behavior is considered as one of the behaviors of society. so; Identifying the components of the formation of urban spaces in large-scale shopping centers with an emphasis on the consumption behavior of the contemporary era is the main goal of this article. The nature of the topic and research objectives, the ruling approach of this research is "descriptive-explanatory" and "fundamental". The research method is qualitative. According to data collection, a survey method has been used, and interviews have been used as the main tool for data collection. The statistical population includes all users of the space in Ekbatan Megamall, Tehran. According to the theoretical saturation level, the sample size was 30 people in the form of focus groups of 5-6 people randomly. The results of the research indicate that the difference in behavior compared to the past and also compared to the styles of behavior in other traditional markets was considered as another characteristic of megamalls and malls, so that the effects of the malls' space on the nature and quality of the movements and gestures of young people can be seen. And it is a space that encourages consumption and reproduces and organizes this kind of exercise of power within wanderings and unwritten rules by means of the mass volume of showcases, commercial advertisements.Extended AbstractIntroduction:Today, urban spaces have undergone changes due to the change in the lifestyle of citizens on the one hand and the introduction of modernity into urban planning on the other hand, and this is the case that knowing the values, abilities and potentials of contemporary urban spaces can lead to the development and improvement of economic conditions., social, cultural and physical of the city and citizens. Also, New approaches to shopping and consumption as a form of leisure have caused new structures of commercial, service-entertainment spaces in the world, one of which is large-scale commercial centers (megamalls). On the other hand, with the arrival of modernism in the cities of Iran and in parallel with the development process of globalization, the commercial spaces have been extended from the market to the street and gradually transformed into arcades next to the commercial streets, and then hypermarkets with greater concentration and variety. In order to attract different groups of people, they came to work and now this transformation has found a new structure and replaced the commercial space in the form of goods. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the effects of contemporary consumption behavior in the formation of urban spaces in large-scale shopping centers, and in this regard, the main question of the research is as follows: "What are the effects of contemporary consumption behavior in the formation of urban spaces in large-scale shopping centers?"Methodology:The present research, in terms of method, is "descriptive-explanatory”. The research method is qualitative. According to data collection, survey and interview methods have been used as the main tools. The statistical population includes all the users of the space in Megamall, Ekbatan, Tehran. For the purpose of interviews, for the qualitative analysis of the data, the random sampling method was used, and the sample size was 30 people according to the theoretical saturation level in the form of focus groups. 5-6 people have been selected. The analysis has been done based on Carspecken analysis in the following stages: compilation and initial registration of data; analysis and preliminary restorative analysis of data; Dialogue-oriented data production: description of structural relationships; description and explanation of structural relationships obtained from the findings.Results and discussion:Qualitative findings showed that Ekbatan Megamall, as one of the modern commercial spaces, has provided a platform for space users whose age range is 18-35 years, where "showing themselves" and "roaming" are among their obvious goals. The existence of malls and megamalls in cities leads to It has created a new kind of cultural, social and economic experience of the space, which will also cause the development of the consumerism pattern. Also, Megamall Ekbatan commercial complex as a case study in this thesis can be referred to as a consumption space in which the lifestyle, the desires, thoughts and ideals of different space users are idols of traditional commercial spaces and even arcades and can define a new identity of urban spaces in which the needs of users and their presence are different from other spaces. The production of commercial consumption spaces based on the new needs of users, emphasizing the large-scale commercial complex of Ekbatan, is described as follows: this commercial space is a space not for production but for consumption, and as a modern urban space where fashion is one of the characteristics Space users in a way that makes the representational space of "users' experience area or youth roaming" full of power and procedures contrary to the behavioral pattern of users in other commercial spaces, can be discussed and investigatedConclusion:Concluding remarks of this study, Malls and mega-malls provided an arena for the presence and expression of modern citizens' behaviors, which are similar to things like loitering (showing boys and girls to attract attention, walking calmly and rhythmically without a goal, spending free time), consumer images (signs encouraging consumption, bank banners). investment incentive, this is the same as happiness and bank profit, boutique window decorations), and fashionism (different clothing of users in this space, use of brand and different clothes in these spaces, desire and pretending to buy, desire to use different makeup in girls, The tendency to use different hairstyles in boys, fashionable clothes) that these factors caused the creation of contemporary urban spaces with an approach beyond economic and behavioral exchange. 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Open Access Article
27 - Evaluation gamma radiation effects on life cycle of Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
P. Baradaran Anaraki E. Bagheri Zenouz M. ArbabiCallosobruchus maculatus is an important cowpea pest in stored condition. The longer effects, safeness of gamma radiation doses are less hazardous for both human and environment. Effects of different gamma radiation (Co60) doses on amount of nitrogen, protein, pest dama MoreCallosobruchus maculatus is an important cowpea pest in stored condition. The longer effects, safeness of gamma radiation doses are less hazardous for both human and environment. Effects of different gamma radiation (Co60) doses on amount of nitrogen, protein, pest damage, life cycle, fecundity were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Results of gamma radiation doses increased found ineffectual on cowpea nitrogen and protein contents. Insect larvae damage on cowpea in comparison to controlled treatment at different interval and during 21 days sampling period observed significant (f=17.89, df=5, 2) P=0.0001). Max. (29.8%) and Min. (2.46%) larvae damages recorded at 1st and 21st days after hatching. Effects of different gamma radiation doses (5to 50 Gy) on viability of 100 eggs in each treatment showed that significant (f=7.57, df=4, 8) P=0.0001). While least effects recorded for 5 and 10 Gy, hatchability reduced to 57% and 56% for influence of 20 and 25 Gy radiation, with increasing more gamma radiation complete eggs mortality recorded. Results of 20 to 80 Gy radiation on cohort population of adults found significant (f=5.27, df=6, 7) P=0.0001). Min. control recorded for 20 Gy in group a of Duncan method and with increasing gamma doses radiation, reduction on rate of insect fecundity observed and maximum 44.68% recorded for 70 and 80 Gy doses in comparison to control treatment. The positive controlof gamma radiations doses on cowpea seed beetle developmental stages seems to be a safe protective technique against this store insect pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Application of nuclear technique for determination controlling dose of pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae)
H. Zolfagharieh R. Vafaei-shoushtari H. Farazmand M. R. M. R. Ardakani M. M. Babaii H. MostafaviPomegranate fruit moth, Ectomylois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the most important factors for decreasing quality and quantity of pomegranate in Iran. Due to biology of the pest like egg laying place and larval feeding behavior, application of pesticid MorePomegranate fruit moth, Ectomylois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is the most important factors for decreasing quality and quantity of pomegranate in Iran. Due to biology of the pest like egg laying place and larval feeding behavior, application of pesticide is not practical; consequently losses of this valuable product are too much. Application of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a method that is used for a few insect with the special condition. This research has been done for evaluation practical control of this pest with application of nuclear methods. E. ceratoniae reared on the artificial diet (28±2ºC, 60±5% RH, 14 hours light and 10 hours darkness). Young and old pupa separated and were irradiated at different dose range of 0 (Control) and 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 Gy. The adults after eclosion crossed according to the following situations: Irradiated male×wild female, irradiated female×wild male, and irradiated male×irradiated female and wild male×wild female. The result shows that the best controlling formula of pomegranate fruit moth is irradiated males×irradiated females and the best controlling doses of young and old pupa are 120 and 160 Gy respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Effect of gamma radiation on different growth stages of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep.: Pyralidae)
M. Roohi A. Askrianzadeh H. R. Zolfagharieh M. BabaiiThe carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep., pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. The damage of carob moth is important both in orchard and harvested pomegranates. In this study, the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on dif MoreThe carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep., pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. The damage of carob moth is important both in orchard and harvested pomegranates. In this study, the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on different growth stages (one-day-old and four-days-old eggs, the first- instar larva, the last- instar larvae, pupa and adults) of carob moth were investigated. Results indicated that the range of lethal doses for different growth stages were estimated 125 to 225, 475 to 500, 600 to 1100, 900 to 1200, 1000 to 1300 and 800 to 1300 Gy, respectively. Consequently , the eggs and the first instar larva of E. ceratoniae in harvested pomegranates could be controled by maximum dose of 1000 Gy of gamma radiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Integrated effects of diatomaceous earth and Gamma ray on mortality of Red Flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Col.: Tenebrionidae) in laboratory conditions
F. Shakhsi Zare M. Ghasemzadeh A. Sabetghdam N. BaghaeiThe study were done during 2010-2011 to investigate the integrated effects of different doses of gamma radiation and diatomaceous earth (INSECTO®) on Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in laboratory conditions (27±1°C, 60±5% humidity, da MoreThe study were done during 2010-2011 to investigate the integrated effects of different doses of gamma radiation and diatomaceous earth (INSECTO®) on Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in laboratory conditions (27±1°C, 60±5% humidity, dark room). In this study, adults of red flour beetle were grown on mashed corn (50 gram) and then treated with different doses of Gamma ray (100, 500 and 1000 Gray) and three doses of diatomaceous earth (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g kg-1). Percentage of mortality were recorded after 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days and compared with control. Results showed significant differences among various doses of diatomaceous earth (DE) and Gamma ray and their interactions in most days after treatment. In comparing the means mortality in different doses of diatomaceous earth (DE) and various doses of Gamma ray, most mortality were recorded after 35 days in 1.5 gr/kg diatomaceous earth and 1000 Gray Gamma ray separately. In combination of Gamma ray and diatomaceous earth, most mortalities were recorded after 35 days for 1 and 1.5 g kg-1 (DE) combined with 500 and 1000 gray Gamma ray. It is concluded that 1 gkg-1 (DE) combined with 500 gray gamma ray is the best combination of the lreatmants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River in Nahavand city
Maryam Saleh Mohsen Rezaei Ata Shakeri Ashkan JahandariThe objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, V and Ni in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River. This river located in west of Iran and it is the most important river in Nahavand city, a wide range of human activities take pl MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, V and Ni in the surface sediments of Gamasiab River. This river located in west of Iran and it is the most important river in Nahavand city, a wide range of human activities take place along the river. Examples include fish farming and agriculture activities. So the assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the river is necessary. The results show that the heavy metal concentration in the sediments decreased in the order Cr>Zn>Ni>As>Pb>Co>Mo>Cd. Variety of methods used to evaluate sediment contamination with heavy metals as enrichment factor, pollution load index, comparison of sediment quality guidelines and potential ecological risk of heavy metals. According to enrichment factor index, As and Cd have anthropogenic originates while Cr and Ni have geogenic originates. Some stations show a very high degree of Pb contamination. Samples 1 , 3 and to a lesser extent 2,6 and 8 showed a highest degree of toxicity. The correlation coefficient was used for communication between the elements. Results show that the anthropogenic Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Cd inputs were mostly related to the urban and Agriculture activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigating the distribution status of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta) in Kermanshah province by using Ensemble method
Mina EsmaeiliIntroduction: To implement management plans in the landscape, it is necessary to examine the range of distribution and the approximate range of distribution of different plant and animal species. Kermanshah province plays an important role in the west of the country wit MoreIntroduction: To implement management plans in the landscape, it is necessary to examine the range of distribution and the approximate range of distribution of different plant and animal species. Kermanshah province plays an important role in the west of the country with its unique topographical location and the presence of numerous habitats in terms of biodiversity. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution status and analyze the fators affecting the distribution of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta) in Kermanshah province.Materials and Methods: In this study, in order to investigate the range of distribution of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta), field surveys were carried out in the province and different habitats of this species during the years 2018 to 2020. Then, using the species presence data and the considered habitat variables, the modeling steps were done with the help of Ensemble modeling. In this regard, 76 species presence points along with climatic variables, vegetation and precipitation were included in the distribution models. The AUC criterion was used to the importance of variables and data integration criteria.Results: The results indicated that modeling was successful for both single and Ensemble models. According to the forecast in Kermanshah province, the distribution of species is most influenced by soil organic carbon, vegetation cover, and altitude.Conclusion: The findings of this research show that parts of the habitat that correspond to the presence of altitudes are contiguous suitability and there are areas of the habitat that are fragmented in the southeast of the province. The higher parts of the north-west of the province are not suitable for the presence of the species, which could be due to the presence of Caucasian agama (Laudakia caucasia). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigation of history Harsin in Era Ancient
bagher adelfar poorya esmaeliHarsin city of the Province of Kermanshah. Based on archaeological evidence, especially Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of The first human settlements on the plateau are gone And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the spec MoreHarsin city of the Province of Kermanshah. Based on archaeological evidence, especially Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of The first human settlements on the plateau are gone And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the specific climatic conditions and the quality of agricultural soils, Plentiful water and vast plains considered by various nations Including people of different dynasties and rulers have been Lak, Achaemenids and Sassanian were aware of the importance of this area. The purpose of this study is that using Historical method based on the description and analysis of city history Harsin in ancient times to be introducing sanitized. The main findings of the study showed that apart from the status Harsin Climate appropriate, in terms of religion as an important center of worship of the religion Mithraism On the Zoroastrian religion that Geomat Magus action to close the temples followers It has to prove such an issue. There is also an inscription on the outskirts of the city political action Darius (first) in the beginning Monarchy explains, the high significance reveals Harsin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Combining effect of gamma irradiation, Thyme essential oil and vacuum packaging on shelf life of shrimp during refrigerator storage
sh. ashoory shadi mehdikhani M.R. KhaniPreservation of perishable foods is a major challenge in the food industry. In this research, the effect of gamma irradiation, thyme essential oil (EO) and vacuum packaging treatments on fresh shrimp for a period of 15 days at 4°C during storage was investigated. Fo MorePreservation of perishable foods is a major challenge in the food industry. In this research, the effect of gamma irradiation, thyme essential oil (EO) and vacuum packaging treatments on fresh shrimp for a period of 15 days at 4°C during storage was investigated. For this purpose, two concentrations of EO (0.4 and 0.8% v/w) and two doses of radiation (2.5 and 3.5 KGy) were used. Treated shrimps and control sample were subjected to chemical (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, free fatty acids, peroxide index, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and color indexes), microbiological (bacteria total count, psychrophilic bacteria and Escherichia coli) and sensory evaluation and analyses performed on certain days (0, 5, 10 and 15) of storage. The obtained results showed that pH, FFA, peroxide, TBARS and TVB-N values of all treatments increased in the duration of storage, significantly (p < 0.05). Microbial load in all treatments also increased over time. Bacterial growth delayed growing in samples by using the combination of thyme oil, gamma radiation and vacuum packaging. At first, adding thyme EO leads to decrease L* index, but at high concentration of EO (0.8%), color change was decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The results of sensory evaluation showed that different treatments had significant effect on sensory parameters of shrimp (p < 0.05). Finally, the shrimps treated with combination of vacuum packaging, 0.8% (v/w) EO and 2.5 KGy can be introduced as the best treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effect of gamma irradiation on Cysticercusbovisin infested cattle carcasses
زهره Mashak H.R Sodagari علی Khanjari غلامرضا Shahhoseini افشین Motaghifar محسن DavoodabadiFarahani Taeniasis is one of the parasitic zoonotic diseases that could transmit through the consuming of semi-cooked or raw beef infested with Cysticercosebovis. Irradiation as a safe approach can be applied in order to eliminate parasites from foods. It can be use More Taeniasis is one of the parasitic zoonotic diseases that could transmit through the consuming of semi-cooked or raw beef infested with Cysticercosebovis. Irradiation as a safe approach can be applied in order to eliminate parasites from foods. It can be used as a control method to prevent parasitic foodborne diseases. Therefore, in this study the cattle muscles containing live cysts were selected from two slaughterhouses of Alborz province and were subjected for gamma irradiation with different doses (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 and 1.5) KGY. Afterwards, the samples were stained with Eosin Methylene-Blue and were observed with light microscope to determine the viability of the cysts. The analysis of data was conducted with SPSS version 22. The results indicated that 0.8, 0.9, 1 and 1.5 KGY doses were capable to inactivate viable cysts significantly, with 72%, 82.6%, 90.9% and 91.6%, respectively. Therefore, 1 KGY is recommended as appropriate dose for elimination of C. bovis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Application of fuzzy Gamma operator optimization temporary accommodation in GIS (Case Study of four Ahwaz)
Saaeid maleki Mahnaz Hosseini esmail solaimaniOne of the main issues considered by organizations in crisis management is responsible for selection of suitable sites for temporary accommodation of the population is affected by the accident. So this place as a safe place for community living conditions for people aff MoreOne of the main issues considered by organizations in crisis management is responsible for selection of suitable sites for temporary accommodation of the population is affected by the accident. So this place as a safe place for community living conditions for people affected must have a different aspect of infrastructural, cultural, social, security, and law enforcement to the National Disaster Management program, could then reconstruction of affected areas , that location to easily exhaust, or used for other materials. The dominant approach in this research is descriptive - analytic and what it can be applied. So, for weighting and weighted analysis of experts and scholars and professionals are experts in the field. The method used to analyze the data, was also of gamma phase. With regard to the use of human and natural factors used in this study. To achieve optimal model to determine the necessary accommodation of 12 land use With regard to the the land use map Ahvaz has been utilized to analyze the optimal deployment location Its purpose is to analyze the subject in the form of gamma operator with a threshold of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 for the final analysis was used to compare results For the final analysis with respect to these indices, the city and the justification of their actual output was detected Gamma fuzzy operator 0/7 threshold has been better than the other threshold of the optimal analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Comparsion Of Experimental, Regression Models and Artificial Neure Network in Estimating Net Radiation (Rs) In Synoptic Station of Zahedan
Parisa kahkhamoghadam mohammad mahdi chariSolar radiation is one of the key inputs for most hydrological models in estimating reference evapotranspiration. Furthermore providing and making the measurement tools for this parameter is very costly. In this research, ridation (Rs ) of zahedan meteological station i MoreSolar radiation is one of the key inputs for most hydrological models in estimating reference evapotranspiration. Furthermore providing and making the measurement tools for this parameter is very costly. In this research, ridation (Rs ) of zahedan meteological station in 1385 to 1389 were used. Some non- linear models such as neure systemwith algorithm BFGS, and neure system with conjugate Gradient training algorithms, and locallinear regression through gamma test were developed. Then , these non- linear models and two expereimental model including Angstrom - Prescott and Glory Mac Kalut were assessed for predicting radiation. For predicting none- linear method, maximum temperature parameters, average speed of wind, surface radiation, and Sunshine were used. Result of comparing measured amounts with models with measured amount by parameter show that the neure system with BFGS algorithm has RMSE= 1.95 , MAE= 1.47 and R2=93% which are the best operation in these models. After that, neure system model with conjugate Gradient training algorithms and local regression model are in secand rank in which RMSE, MAE and R2 are 2.53 , 1.77 , 88% and 2.89 , 1.89 , 82% respectively. Angstrom and MAC colt method have RNSE = 4.38 , MAE=3.21 , R2=33% and RMSE= 4.46, MAE= 3.07, R2=50% respectivety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigation of some Environmental Conditions effect on the Quality and Quantity of Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare L (Case study: Nemarestagh, Amol)
Seyyedeh khadijeh Mahdavi Naser Sadegh nia omran Hasan Ghelich nia Narjes AlipoorThe active ingredients are produced under the genetic processes; they are also significantly influenced under environmental factors. In this study, however, the effect of environmental parameters is investigated on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of Origan MoreThe active ingredients are produced under the genetic processes; they are also significantly influenced under environmental factors. In this study, however, the effect of environmental parameters is investigated on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare L in watershed basin Nemarostagh Amol in both northern and southern direction. Sampling was done in early June of the shoot plant flowers Origanum vulgare L. After the samples are dried under shadow, and then 100 grams of the sample are used to provide the essential oil by using the water distillation (Clevenger) method. The GC and GC-Mass identify constituents of the essential oil from the sample. The soil sampling is conducted from both slopes by using systematic- random method. So in long of each transect in which the samples are taken from the beginning, middle and end parts of transect in two aspect slop of depth 0-30 cm from the root and N,P,K, OM, EC, PH was measured . In total 11 component in aspect south and 7 components in aspect north was identified. Component of main essential oil in aspect o south include trans – anethole (54/98), 14خ³'>-terpinene (9/12), thymol(6/73) and in aspect of north thymol((33/49 , l-(-)-menthol (33/16) and 14خ³'>-terpinene. (55/10) Efficiency of essential oil in aspect of north 0/3% and in aspect of south %0/2 was estimated. In aspect of north Efficiency of essential oil was positive coefficient with OM, N, P and in south aspect only with OM positive coefficient in level 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Study of physiological and biochemical responses of rice mutant lines derived from gamma ray irradiation and local varieties under saline field conditions
Leila Bagheri Sara saadatmand Neda Soltani Vahid NiknamRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the crops which is the main source of food for more than a third of the world's population. Limiting factors such as environmental stress require increasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area. Soil salinity is one of the mo MoreRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the crops which is the main source of food for more than a third of the world's population. Limiting factors such as environmental stress require increasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area. Soil salinity is one of the most important factors reducing the productivity of crops throughout the world. Induced mutation is widely used as an effective tool for improving the yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in product modification. In order to screen salt-tolerant superior mutant lines of rice, 10 mutant lines (M5) derived from three Iranian local varieties (Tarom, Anbarbo, and Hasani) were assessed during two generations (M6 and M7) at saline field (EC of soil was 6-8 ds/m). The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three salt-tolerant superior mutant lines (13-3, 32-18 and 22-1) were selected in comparison with their parents (control). Physiological parameters of superior mutant lines (high stomatal conductivity, Fv/Fm, and total chlorophyll) were biochemical (lower Na+/K+ ratio, high proline accumulation, less membrane damage). These superior mutant lines will be introduced as new salt-tolerant rice varieties and sources of plant germplasm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effect of gamma ray irradiation on the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L.
Fahimeh Salehi Azizollah Kheiri Ali Eskandari Mohammadbagher Rezaeei -
Open Access Article
41 - Comparison of the essential oils of medicinal plant populations of Eryngium noeanum Boiss. and Eryngium iranicum Mozaff in Iran
Abdolbaset Mahmoudi Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Mahdi AyyariIn this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations MoreIn this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations of 1600, 1980, 2450, 2150, and 1400 m above the sea level were collected during the summer 2018. The shade-dried plant materials were hydro-distillated by a clevenger apparatus. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oils were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-FID, respectively. The essential oil contents were obtained as 0.3, 0.4, 0.55, 0.2, and 0.1% (w/w) for AL, AH, RZ, BA, and NP, respectively. The main components of essential oils were amorpha-4,11-diene (14.0, 17.6, 9.0, and 13.6%), δ-selinene (21.5, 40.5, 23.1, and 35.7%), spathulenol (4.6, 0.7, 6.4 and 5.5%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (3.4, 0.5, 6.7, and 4.4%), and cis-falcarinol (20.3, 1.0, 20.0, and 15.2%) for AL, AH, RZ, and BA, respectively. Also, the main components of the essential oils in NP sample were n-octanal (12.8%), myrtenol (12.5%), and cis-falcarinol (13.5%). The main compounds in different populations of E. noeanum and E. iranicum essential oils were sesquiterpenes (about 70-90%) and non-terpene (56%), respectively. Eryngium noeanum Boiss. is a medicinal rangeland and native plant of Iran, has not been given due attention. Despite prickly appearance, it has a big aerial part with considerable essential oil contents including valuable sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenic compounds ranking it among the highly commercial essential oils worldwide. This calls for many research studies in different fields as extensive biological studies on the essential oil components of this plant can greatly help determine and standardize its quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Speech Coding in Noisy Environments based on Human Auditory System Model
Seyed Iman Abtahi Mohammad Reza Ashouri Rassol Amir FattahiIn this paper, an analysis/synthesis system based on the natural Cochlear model and the human auditory perception properties is presented that is capable of coding the speech signal under harsh acoustic conditions. For this purpose, the corrupted signal is decomposed in MoreIn this paper, an analysis/synthesis system based on the natural Cochlear model and the human auditory perception properties is presented that is capable of coding the speech signal under harsh acoustic conditions. For this purpose, the corrupted signal is decomposed into a number of sub-bands using complex Gammatone filter bank, and the sub-band signals are individually and adaptively denoised. Temporal masking, a combination of a novel non-uniform quantization method and lossless coding algorithms are then applied to reduce the number of coefficients and compression. The proposed system is very robust and effective in dealing with different kinds of noises such as white, colored and periodic noises. Objective and Subjective quality measurements demonstrate significant improvement in the perceptual quality of synthesized speech while considerable reduction in bit-rate to approximately 14.6 Kbps is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Antibacterial Properties of Biosynthesized Ag@AgCl Nanoparticles Using Satureja hortensis Leaf Extract under the Influence of Gamma Ray
Maryam Ghannad Nia -
Open Access Article
44 - Combined application of gamma irradiation and frozen technique to increase the shelf life of a chicken
غلامرضا شاه حسینی مجید جوانمرد Nourdahr RokniIrradiation is one of the most effective technologies for reducing the microbial load of food. This method can help improve the health of food products and increase their shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation and freezing storage as a MoreIrradiation is one of the most effective technologies for reducing the microbial load of food. This method can help improve the health of food products and increase their shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation and freezing storage as a combined method to improve the shelf life of a chicken. Chicken samples were divided into four treatments: untreated (control) and irradiated (0.75, three, and five kg) and stored in freezing conditions for 0, 3, 6, and 9 months. The samples were stored at -18°C, and then microbial and chemical analyzes and their sensory quality were performed every three months. Microbial analysis showed that irradiation and freezing maintenance decreased mesophilic, coliform, Salmonella, and E. coli (P <0.05). Results showed that there was no significant difference in sensory quality and chemical analysis parameters such as volatile total nitrogen (P> 0.05) in treated and control groups but increased significantly (p> 0.05). P) Peroxide index was observed. The results of this study indicate that the combined use of irradiation and freezing reduces the bacterial burden and increases the shelf-life of chicken meat. However, there is no change in sensory quality and biochemical analyzes. Manuscript profile -
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45 - The effect of gamma rays on shelf life of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet in the refrigerator condition
reza shahhoseini Zohreh MashakVarious ways to increase the duration used for food storage, among whom radiation can be used as an effective way to retard spoilage in food in particular is concerned with the origin of the fish. In this study 50 grass carp (Grass carp) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (mean MoreVarious ways to increase the duration used for food storage, among whom radiation can be used as an effective way to retard spoilage in food in particular is concerned with the origin of the fish. In this study 50 grass carp (Grass carp) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (mean weight 1-1.5 kg) for gamma irradiation with cobalt-60 source by doses of zero, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kGy chosen and then change microbial load and total volatile nitrogen in the days 1, 7 and 14 were evaluated under the conditions of storage in refrigerator. These research results demonstrate the significant decline in aerobic mesophilic bacteria and T.V.N in the irradiated samples in comparison with non-irradiated samples. In this study, given that the dose of 3.5 kGy dose caused a significant decrease in comparison with other (standard range) T.V.N values and aerobic mesophilic bacteria was in the refrigerator until the seventh day. Therefore, in Grass carp using it (3.5kGy) as the best dose to prevent corruption is recommended in seventh days. Manuscript profile -
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46 - بررسی ترکیبات عمده اسانس گیاه دارویی مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) تحت تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم در استان مازندران
مهران محمدپور بهلول عباس زاده محمد آزاد بخت جواد مینویی مقدممقدمه و هدف: جنس Satureja متعلق به تیره Lamiaceae می­باشد که در ایران 12 گونه گیاه علفی یکساله و چند ساله دارد. گونه­ های جنس مرزه به دلیل میزان اسانس بالا و استفاده در آشپزی و صنایع غذایی، عطر و ادکلن، آرایشی و بهداشتی و داروسازی دارای اهمیت اقتصادی و پزشکی زیا Moreمقدمه و هدف: جنس Satureja متعلق به تیره Lamiaceae می­باشد که در ایران 12 گونه گیاه علفی یکساله و چند ساله دارد. گونه­ های جنس مرزه به دلیل میزان اسانس بالا و استفاده در آشپزی و صنایع غذایی، عطر و ادکلن، آرایشی و بهداشتی و داروسازی دارای اهمیت اقتصادی و پزشکی زیادی هستند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی اسانس گیاه دارویی مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه ساری بود. روش تحقیق: بدین منظور آزمایشی به صورت طرح اسپلیت پلات در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تاریخ کاشت (22 فروردین و 2، 13 اردیبهشت) و سه تراکم (35×15، 35×25 و 35×35) و با سه تکرار در سال 1389 در مزرعه دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری انجام شد. گیاهان در مرحله گلدهی کامل بررسی شدند. با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر (تقطیر با آب) به مدت 3 ساعت اقدام به استخراج اسانس گیاه گردید. جداسازی و اندازه­ گیری ترکیبات اسانس توسط دستگاه GC و GC/MS صورت گرفت. نتایج و بحث: اثر تاریخ کاشت بر درصد اسانس در سطح آماری 5 درصد و بر عملکرد خشک اندام هوایی در سطح آماری 1 درصد معنی­دار شد. بیشترین درصد اسانس (2/15) از تاریخ کاشت اول و حدأکثر عملکرد خشک اندام هوایی نیز (3023/1 و 2663/9 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترتیب از تاریخ­­های کاشت سوم و دوم بدست آمد. اثر تراکم و اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بر درصد اسانس و عملکرد خشک اندام هوایی معنی­ دار نشد. اثر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم نیز بر عملکرد اسانس و هیچ یک از پنج ترکیب عمده اسانس (کارواکرول، گاما ترپیینن، پاراسیمن، آلفاترپینن و کامفن) معنی­ دار نشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با مدیریت صحیح و انتخاب راهکارهای مناسب به ­زراعی می ­توان عملکرد اندام هوایی، میزان اسانس و ترکیبات عمده اسانس مرزه را افزایش داد. Manuscript profile -
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47 - بررسی تابآوری شهر دورود در برابر زلزله با استفاده از روش گاما در سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
مهران کرمی عباس ملک حسینی -
Open Access Article
48 - بهبود ارزش تغذیهای کنجاله آفتابگردان به وسیله پرتوتابی با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما
F. Ghanbari T. Ghoorchi P. Shawrang H. Mansouri N.M. Torbati-Nejadاین پژوهش به ­منظور مقایسه تأثیر تیمارهای پرتو الکترون و اشعه گاما در دزهای 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگری، بر کینتیک تجزیه شکمبه­ای و قابلیت هضم برون تنی کنجاله آفتاب­گردان انجام گرفت. پرتوهای یون­ساز الکترون و گاما اثر معنیداری بر فراسنجه­های تجزیه پذیری ما Moreاین پژوهش به ­منظور مقایسه تأثیر تیمارهای پرتو الکترون و اشعه گاما در دزهای 25، 50 و 75 کیلوگری، بر کینتیک تجزیه شکمبه­ای و قابلیت هضم برون تنی کنجاله آفتاب­گردان انجام گرفت. پرتوهای یون­ساز الکترون و گاما اثر معنیداری بر فراسنجه­های تجزیه پذیری ماده خشک، پروتئین خام و اسیدهای آمینه کنجاله آفتاب­گردان داشتند (05/0P<). تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبه­ای ماده خشک در کنجاله آفتاب­گردان پرتوتابی شده با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما، کمتر از کنجاله آفتاب­گردان پرتوتابی نشده بود (05/0P<). تیمار پرتو گاما در دز 75 کیلوگری، تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبه­ای پروتئین خام را در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش داد (05/0P<). تجزیه پذیری مؤثر شکمبه­ای پروتئین خام به ­وسیله تابش الکترون تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). عمل­آوری پرتوتابی باعث کاهش تجزیه اسیدهای آمینه بعد از 16 ساعت انکوباسیون شکمبه­ای شد (05/0P<). تأثیر پرتو گاما در کاهش تجزیه پذیری شکمبه­ای اسیدهای آمینه بیشتر از تابش الکترون بود (05/0P<). قابلیت هضم برون­تنی پروتئین خام در کنجاله آفتاب عمل­آوری شده با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما بهبود یافت (05/0P<). این پژوهش، بر پایه مطالعات برون­تنی و تکنیک کیسه­های نایلونی، نشان داد که عمل­آوری با تابش الکترون و اشعه گاما می­تواند به ­عنوان یک روش مؤثر برای بهبود ارزش تغذیه­ای کنجاله آفتابگردان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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49 - رابطه نوع زایش و نوع آبستنی با عملکرد شیردهی و منحنی شیردهی در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران
ه. آتشی م. دادپسند م.ج. ضمیری ا. اسعدیرابطه­ نوع زایش (تک­قلو یا دوقلو) و نوع آبستنی (تک­قلو یا دوقلو) با عملکرد شیردهی و منحنی شیردهی در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران بررسی شد. از داده­های 243298 دوره شیردهی 138021 گاو در 261 گله که در سال­های 1378 تا 1391 گردآوری شده بود، استفاده شد. میانگین دو Moreرابطه­ نوع زایش (تک­قلو یا دوقلو) و نوع آبستنی (تک­قلو یا دوقلو) با عملکرد شیردهی و منحنی شیردهی در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران بررسی شد. از داده­های 243298 دوره شیردهی 138021 گاو در 261 گله که در سال­های 1378 تا 1391 گردآوری شده بود، استفاده شد. میانگین دوقلوزایی 64/3 درصد و بین 44/1 (گاوهای شکم نخست) تا 41/5 درصد (گاوهای شکم دو و بالاتر از دو) متفاوت بود. فصل زایش، سال زایش، گله و شکم زایش بر دوقلوزایی تأثیر داشتند (05/0P<). درصد دوقلوزایی از 49/2 در سال 1378 تا 42/3 در سال 1391 افزایش نشان داد. درصد دوقلوزایی در گاوهای چندشکم زایش در مقایسه با گاوهای شکم اول بالاتر بود (05/0P<). احتمال آبستنیِ دوقلو در گاوهایی که در زایش قبلی دوقلو داشتند، در مقایسه با آنهایی که در زایش قبلی تکقلو داشتند، بیشتر بود (05/0P<). منحنی شیردهی در گاوهایی که در زایش قبل تک­قلو داشتند و دوقلو آبستن بودند، پایین­تر و صاف­تر بود. احتمال آبستنیِ دوقلو در گاوهایی که زودتر به اوج تولید می­رسیدند و تولید بیشتری در اوج داشتند، بیشتر بود. تولید شیر 100، 200 و 305 روز، در گاوهای شکم اول که در زایش قبل تک­قلو داشتند و دوقلو آبستن بودند، بیشتر بود. گاوهای چندشکم که در زایش قبل تک­قلو داشتند و دوقلو آبستن بودند، تولید شیر 100 و 200 روز بیشتری داشتند. Manuscript profile -
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50 - برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی تولید و تداوم شیردهی در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران
ف. سقانژاد ه. آتشی م. دادپسند م.ج. ضمیری ف. شکری-سنگریهدف این پژوهش، برآورد اجزای واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی معیارهای تداوم شیردهی و تولید شیر 100 و 305 روز در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران بود. از رکوردهای روز-آزمون تولید شیر گردآوری شده بین سالهای 1380 تا 1391 به وسیله مرکز اصلاح نژاد دام و بهبود تولیدات دامی کشور، استفاده شد. Moreهدف این پژوهش، برآورد اجزای واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی معیارهای تداوم شیردهی و تولید شیر 100 و 305 روز در گاوهای هلشتاین ایران بود. از رکوردهای روز-آزمون تولید شیر گردآوری شده بین سالهای 1380 تا 1391 به وسیله مرکز اصلاح نژاد دام و بهبود تولیدات دامی کشور، استفاده شد. چهار معیار برای سنجش تداوم شیردهی استفاده شد: 21P: نسبت شیر تولیدی در بخش دوم دوره شیردهی به شیر تولیدی در بخش نخست دوره شیردهی، 31P: نسبت شیر تولیدی در بخش سوم دوره شیردهی به شیر تولیدی در بخش نخست دوره شیردهی، Pw: سنجه تداوم شیردهی حاصل از پارامترهای تابع گامای ناقص و Pj: تفاوت تولید در روزهای 280 و 60 دوره شیردهی. برای هر حیوان در هر دوره شیردهی تولید شیر در 100 روز اول، دوم و سوم و همچنین تولید در روز 60 و 280 و تولید شیر 305 روز با استفاده از پارامترهای تابع گامای ناقص برآورد شد. وراثتپذیریهای برآورد شده برای معیارهای مختلف تداوم شیردهی در زایش اول، دوم و سوم به ترتیب بین 1 تا 6 ، 2 تا 10، و 1 تا 12 درصد بود. همبستگی ژنتیکی بین معیارهای تداوم شیردهی در زایش اول، دوم و سوم به ترتیب 77 تا 98، 65 تا 98 و 58 تا 98 درصد بود. همبستگی ژنتیکی بین معیارهای تداوم شیردهی و تولید شیر 305 روز در زایش اول، دوم و سوم به ترتیب بین 18 تا 63، 32 تا 75 و 41 تا 71 درصد برآورد شد. تکرارپذیری معیارهای تداوم شیردهی و تولید شیر 100 و 305 روز به ترتیب 6 تا 20 درصد، 30 درصد و 40 درصد برآورد شد. Manuscript profile -
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51 - تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گابا روی برخی از ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی گل بریده آنتوریوم تحت انبارداری با دماهای پائین
فریما مهجوری اصغر ابراهیم زاده محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم محمد علی اعظمی موالونگهداری گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم در دماهای زیر 15 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به صدمه سرمازدگی و کاهش کیفیت و کوتاهی عمر پس از برداشت آنها میگردد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گاماآمینوبوتیریکاسید (گابا) در غلظتهای صفر(شاهد)، یک و پنج میلیمولار بر روی طول عمر گلجا Moreنگهداری گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم در دماهای زیر 15 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به صدمه سرمازدگی و کاهش کیفیت و کوتاهی عمر پس از برداشت آنها میگردد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر تیمار پسازبرداشت گاماآمینوبوتیریکاسید (گابا) در غلظتهای صفر(شاهد)، یک و پنج میلیمولار بر روی طول عمر گلجائی، قهوهای شدن اسپات، میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، مقدار پراکسید هیدروژن، مقدار پرولین و مواد جامد محلول در گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم‘Sirion’در طول 10 روز نگهداری در دماهای 10 و پنج درجه سانتیگراد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجائی گلها در غلظت یک میلیمولار از گابا و در دمای 10 درجه سانتیگراد حاصل شد. تیمار گابا تأثیری در کاهش قهوهای شدن اسپات نداشت. سطوح پراکسید هیدروژن در گلهای تیمار شده با گابا در مقایسه با گلهای شاهد کاهش یافت. شاخص پرولین در گلهای تیمار شده با گابا بالاتر از میزان آن در گلهای شاهد بود. بالاترین میزان مواد جامد محلول به گلهای تیمار شده با گابای پنج میلی مولار و دمای پنج درجه سانتیگراد اختصاص یافت. تیمار با گابای پنج میلی مولار سبب بالارفتن میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسیددیسموتاز شد. گلهای تیمار شده با گابای یک میلیمولار فعالیت بالای آنزیم کاتالاز را نشان دادند. Manuscript profile -
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52 - القاء جهش در گل داوودی شاخه بریده با استفاده از روش پرتوتابی گاما
محمدرضا شفیعی عبدالله حاتم زاده پژمان آزادی حبیب الله سمیع زادهداوودی یکی از انواع گیاهان زینتی است که به صورت بسیار گستردهای در سطح جهان کشت میشود. این گل به لحاظ تنوع بالای رنگ و شکل دومین گل شاخه بریده و گلدانی در دنیا به شمار میآید. ایجاد موتاسیون روشی مهم برای تولید ارقام جدید است و ارقام بسیاری از طریق جهشهای خودبهخودی Moreداوودی یکی از انواع گیاهان زینتی است که به صورت بسیار گستردهای در سطح جهان کشت میشود. این گل به لحاظ تنوع بالای رنگ و شکل دومین گل شاخه بریده و گلدانی در دنیا به شمار میآید. ایجاد موتاسیون روشی مهم برای تولید ارقام جدید است و ارقام بسیاری از طریق جهشهای خودبهخودی و القاء شده تولید شده است. در این پژوهش ریزنمونهی قطعات برگی از سه رقم مهم داوودی با دوزهای مختلف اشعهی گاما مورد پرتوتابی قرار گرفتند. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. بررسی نتایج نشان داد که دوز مناسب پرتو گاما، برای ایجاد جهش در ارقام مورد استفاده در این آزمایش 25 گری است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که دوز 25 گری در رقم بنفش بیشترین تغییر رنگ گلبرگها با نرخ جهش 54/26 درصد را ایجاد کرد. در این بین بیشترین تعداد رنگ جدید متعلق به گروه بنفش کمرنگ بود. همچنین در رقم صورتی خالدار نیز بیشترین تعداد گلهای تغییر رنگ یافته با مقدار تغییر 11/32 درصد در تیمار 25 گری مشاهد شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده در این پژوهش چهار رقم جدید برای ارائه به صنعت گل ایران به عنوان رقم جدید معرفی خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
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53 - مدلهای منطق فازی و سنجش از دور جهت پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش در حوضه ی آبخیز لاجیم
علی اکبر متکان جلال سمیعا سید حسین پورعلی مهرداد صفایی -
Open Access Article
54 - Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on serum lipid profile and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic male rats
Maryam Eidi Mahdieh MohseniHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of fenugreek on the serum lipids and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic ra MoreHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of fenugreek on the serum lipids and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats randomly were divided into 6 groups including normal group, control hyperlipidemic group (received 10% lipid in food), positive control hyperlipidemic rats (received atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg/kg, daily) and experimental hyperlipidemic rats (received extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, daily). After 8 weeks and 12 h fastening, the animals were weighted and anesthetized by ether. The liver was removed and weighted. The blood and adipose tissue sampling were done. The weight gain, liver index, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, AST and ALT levels were measured by kit and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue was evaluated by real-time PCR. The results showed that oral treatment of atorvastatin and extract of fenugreek decreased weight gain, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, AST and ALT levels and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue, while increased serum HDL level in experimental hyperlipidemic rats compared to control hyperlipidemic rats, significantly. So, the extract of fenugreek improved lipid profile and then down-regulated PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - STUDY OF CO HYDROGENATION TO VALUABLE PRODUCTS USING IRON-BASED CATALYST, WITH AND WITHOUT GAMMA-ALUMINA Support PROMOTER
Neda Choodari Milani Yahya Zamani Sahar Baniyaghoob Ali Nakhaei PourPromoted and unpromoted iron-based catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were prepared by the impregnation method. The composition of the final iron catalysts, regarding to the atomic ratio is as follow 20%Fe/-Al2O3, 20%Fe/5%Cu/3%Zr/-Al2O3. The catalysts were cha MorePromoted and unpromoted iron-based catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were prepared by the impregnation method. The composition of the final iron catalysts, regarding to the atomic ratio is as follow 20%Fe/-Al2O3, 20%Fe/5%Cu/3%Zr/-Al2O3. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and BET techniques. The catalyst activity and product selectivity were studied in a fixed bed reactor under 20 bar of pressure, H2/CO = 1, in the temperature (270, 285, and 300 °C) and GHSV range of (2, 4, and 6 l.h-1.gcat-1). Then, the effect of temperature, GHSV and promoters (Cu and Zr) on the catalyst performance were investigated. Increasing the temperatures and GHSV were change CO conversion and product selectivity. The promoted iron-based catalysts have higher C5+ selectivity than the unpromoted catalyst, while C2-C4 selectivity decreased because of simultaneous use of Cu and Zr for promoting the iron catalyst. The Zr and Cu promoters increased the reduction rate of Fe2O3 by providing H2 dissociation sites. The unpromoted and promoted catalysts were tested, where the promoted catalyst showed desirable performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Removal of some textile cationic dyes from industrial wastewater using modified gamma alumina nanoparticles
Masoud Saadati Mortaza Iranifam Seyyed Iman MosaviThe present study deals with the removal of two cationic dyes from aqueos solutions by surfactant-modified gamma alumina nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and after modifying with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, had MoreThe present study deals with the removal of two cationic dyes from aqueos solutions by surfactant-modified gamma alumina nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and after modifying with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, had been successfully performed to remove basic brown 1 (BB1) and basic red 46 (BR46) from textile industrial effluents. The SEM images, FTIR spectra, and XRD patterns showed a successful synthesis of the nanoparticles followed by surface modification. The relationships between different condition factors (contact time, concentration of dyes, amount of adsorbent, and pH) were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were determined to be a contact time of 15 minutes, pH of 6, initial concentrations of 27.5 mg/l and 41.6 mg/l for BB1 and BR46, respectively; and adsorbent doses of 0.030g and 0.035 g for BB1and BR46, respectively. The effect of other parameters including temperature and interfering species on the removal of dyes were also investigated and the dye removal obtained under optimal conditions were 93.12% for BB1 and 97.34% for BR46. The obtained results showed that the removal of dye with modified nanoparticles was better than unmodified nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Study of the effect of digestion media on the properties of γ-alumina granules prepared via an oil-drop technique
محمد عبدالهی حسین آتشی فرشاد فرشچی تبریزیHCl is always used as precursor in synthesis of γ-alumina granules via oil-drop. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effect of precursor on the catalytic characteristics and performance of γ-alumina prepared via the oil-drop technique. The synt MoreHCl is always used as precursor in synthesis of γ-alumina granules via oil-drop. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effect of precursor on the catalytic characteristics and performance of γ-alumina prepared via the oil-drop technique. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), BJH (Barret-Joyner-Halenda), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmitting electron microscopy (TEM), and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD( techniques. As a general trend, the γ-alumina catalyst prepared via oil-drop using HNO3 as the precursor has the higher surface area, pore volume, pore size, and distribution which are preferred in catalysis. Based on the results, the γ-alumina samples prepared using HNO3 are superior in activity about two times at 250 °C due to the differences in crystalline size, morphology, textural properties, and acid strength. Moreover, the incorporation of chlorine into γ-alumina structure is responsible for poisoning of catalysts which is evident by the less activity for the reaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Oil Pollution and its Source in Sediments and Gammarus in Southern Shores of the Caspian Sea
E. Shirvani Mahdavi P. Nejatkhah Manavi A. Janparvar AydaniIn this study, the amount and type of oil pollution in Pantogammarus maeoticusand sediment of the southern shores of the Caspian Sea in four stations (Sari, Chalus, Anzali, Astara) in June 2015 were investigated. Samples were taken from sediment and Gammarus. and were f MoreIn this study, the amount and type of oil pollution in Pantogammarus maeoticusand sediment of the southern shores of the Caspian Sea in four stations (Sari, Chalus, Anzali, Astara) in June 2015 were investigated. Samples were taken from sediment and Gammarus. and were frozen and delivered to the laboratory. Oil pollution analysis of samples was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount of hydrocarbons in Gammarus of the Chalus station was significantly different (P<0/05) in comparison with the other three stations. The highest pollution level (10±0.1 ppm) was in Gammarus of Chalus station. There was no significant difference in the hydrocarbon levels of sediments in four stations. To determine the nature and source of contamination, the molar mass of hydrocarbons was investigated. In Astara and Anzali stations the molar mass of hydrocarbons were less than 20 and hence had petrogenic origin. In Sari and Chalus stations the molar mass of hydrocarbons were more than 20 and therefore had indigenous and human origin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Study of Nickel and Vanadium in Sediment and Gammarus in Gilan Province
G. Mirzapour E. Shirvani Mahdavi L. YadegarianIn this study nickel and vanadium heavy metals were investigated in sediments and gammarus in Gilan Province. Sampling was carried out from sediments and dominant Gammarus, from 5 stations in Gilan province, in the spring of 2016. Nickel and vanadium analysis was carrie MoreIn this study nickel and vanadium heavy metals were investigated in sediments and gammarus in Gilan Province. Sampling was carried out from sediments and dominant Gammarus, from 5 stations in Gilan province, in the spring of 2016. Nickel and vanadium analysis was carried out using an ICP/MS instrument. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The results showed that the amount of vanadium in sediment and Gammarus was higher compared to nickel and more accumulation of both metals was observed in the western part of the province (Rudsar area) compared to the eastern part. There was no significant correlation between environmental parameters and the concentration of metals. Based on the regression equation, a weak positive correlation was found between the amount of nickel and vanadium in sediments and Gammarus, which was not significant. Comparing results with NOAA standard (2004), the amount of nickel and vanadium in the sediments of the coast of Gilan province were not higher than the permissible range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Heavy metal contamination (Pb, Cu, and Cd) of Pontogammarus maeoticus (Gammarida: Amphipoda) in southwestern coasts of Caspian Sea, Ramsar to Anzali
K. Khaksar H. Negarestan A. Mashinchian MoradiThe aim of the present study was to evaluate Pb, Cu and Cd contamination of the amphipod species, Pontogammarus maeoticus in southwestern coasts of Caspian Sea. Sampling was done in two seasons, spring (March 2014) and summer (June 2014) in 3 sites of the southwestern c MoreThe aim of the present study was to evaluate Pb, Cu and Cd contamination of the amphipod species, Pontogammarus maeoticus in southwestern coasts of Caspian Sea. Sampling was done in two seasons, spring (March 2014) and summer (June 2014) in 3 sites of the southwestern coasts of Caspian Sea (from Ramsar to Anzali). Results showed that Cu concentrations were much more than the other two metals, and there was no significant difference among sites in this regard (P>0.05). However, Chamkhaleh possessed the least amount of heavy metals in the body of the gammarid species; and Anzali had the most concentration in the coastal amphipod species body.Concentration of lead, copper and cadmium in the body of P. maeoticus was 1.02, 95.61 and 0.81 µg/g in spring and 1.46, 93.91 and 0.74 µg/g in summer, respectively. The results were compared with EU, US and Australian standards. According to these standards Cooper concentrations were at target values and is not considered polluted. Lead in P. maeoticus passed standard level according EU standard for edible cephalopods and Australian standard for fish flesh. This was not the case for Pb in spring in Anzali station, accouding to EU cephalopod standard only. Lead was in acceptable concentration if compared with EU standard set for edible bivalve molluscs, Australian standard for edible molluscs, and US standard of AET. Also cadmium concentrations were more than maximum allowable in edible lobster as stated by EU standards. While other standards AET of US, Australian standard for edible molluscs, and EU standards for edible cephalopods, bivalves and fish consider the concentration of Cd in the P. maeoticus within standard limits. Considering the Pb and Cd contamination levels in P. maeoticus and international standards, it can be concluded that these two heavy metals can be at threatening level. Especially that this species is consumed by fish fingerlings of some popular teleost fishes of Caspian Sea, such as Kutum and Mullet. They might be able to pass to fish flesh and cause health hazards for fish consumers. It is suggested that further study be conducted on possible transfer roots of Pb and Cd from P. maeoticus to fish flesh, and also there is a strong reason to control heavy metal pollution of the Caspian environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Induction of salt tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr. cv. 033] mutants with gamma ray irradiation under greenhouse condition
miaad kia نادعلی بابائیان جلودار بابائیان جلودار نادعلی باقریIn order to study salt tolerance of 38 genotypes derived from gamma ray irradiation on 033 soybean cultivar (M2 generation), seeds of selected M1 genotypes were sown under greenhouse condition with 3 levels of sodium chloride (30, 60 and 90 mM) in sandy culture as a fac MoreIn order to study salt tolerance of 38 genotypes derived from gamma ray irradiation on 033 soybean cultivar (M2 generation), seeds of selected M1 genotypes were sown under greenhouse condition with 3 levels of sodium chloride (30, 60 and 90 mM) in sandy culture as a factorial experiment on the basis of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2008. After 60 days from imposing salinity treatment, the traits of stem length, root length, root node number, plant fresh weight, dry weight of aerial part of plant, root dry weight and plant biomass were recorded. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between salinity treatments, genotypes and their interaction. Moreover, results showed significant differences in morphological traits. The observations showed the most extensive variation range was belonging to 320 Gy dose of gamma ray. In this study, 13 genotypes were selected and they were tolerant to all salinity levels compare to control. These promising genotypes can be used as new germplasms to obtain new salt tolerant or resistant varieties in near future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Effects of different radiation Gamma ray doses on sesame seed variation process, quantitative and qualitative characters in Firouz-abad, Fars
O. alizadeh M. zare A. Ganji For evaluation of gamma radiation at different intensities on the qualitative and quantitative traits in sesame, the experiment was conducted in a factorial with completely randomized block design using four replication i More For evaluation of gamma radiation at different intensities on the qualitative and quantitative traits in sesame, the experiment was conducted in a factorial with completely randomized block design using four replication in Firouzabad. Before planting, 15 grams of sesame seeds for each plot was exposured with gamma rays at 100, 200, 250, 300 and 350 Gary in the Karaj Nuclear Agency. Properties that were studied include: height. The number of lateral branches, number of capsules, during the flowering period, yield per plant, grain weight, percentage of protein and oil. According to properties were measured and comparisons,treatment of 200 Gary showed positive effects. Maximum of yield (1669 kg/ha), plant high (108cm), grain weight (3.27 gr) was related to 200gry treatment and Maximum of percentage of protein (56) and number of capsules (182 per plant) was related to 150 gry treatment..higher doses ,especially 350 Gary, had negative effect on characteristics of the study.Yield has negative correlation with during the flowering period but it has positive correlation with another treats and highest correlation was between yield and grain weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Effects of gamma ray on grain yield, yield components and morphological triats related to lodging in the rice of (Oryza sativa L.)
M. Morad A. Dehpour Jooybari H. R, Mobaser E. Rahimi Petroudi M. RahmaniGamma ray is one of the electromagnetic rays that has the capacity of ionization and inspiration and its penetrating power is more than that of beta and alphas. Therefore, To determine the effect of gamma ray on agronomic and morphological traits related to lodgin MoreGamma ray is one of the electromagnetic rays that has the capacity of ionization and inspiration and its penetrating power is more than that of beta and alphas. Therefore, To determine the effect of gamma ray on agronomic and morphological traits related to lodging in the rice (Oryza Sative L.) an experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was performed in four replications in the growth year of 1388(2010) in the city of Qaemshahr. Treatments were rice seeds under different dozes of gamma rays (60 cobalt) in four levels (100,200 and 300 Gy and control or without shining). The results showed that the bending movement of third and fourth inter nodes with an increase in the gamma ray doze up to 300 Gy in comparison with the control 27.4% and 28.1%, respectively had a decreasing movement. The maximum grain yield with shining 300 Gy (259 gm2)was obtained. Because the highest number of spikelet in panicle (170.15 ones) and number of panicle in a square meter (401.25) was obtained for the same doze of shining. The lowest grain yield (173.75 gm2) was obtained for the control group. The minimum plant height was obtained with shining 300 Gy that was equal to 145.01centemeters and the maximum plant height was for the shining of 100 Gy and control respectively that was 153.07 and 156.56 centimeters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Synthesis of ZnWO4 nanoparticles and manufacturing scintillator for detecting Gama- rays
رسول صراف ماموری آرزو عبدالرحمانی خیراله محمدی محسن روشنIn this study, ZnWO4 nanoparticles were synthesized through co-precipitation method with sodium tungstate dehydrate (Na2WO4.2H2O) and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO3)2.6H2O) as starting materials. In order to optimize the conditions for obtaining smallest mean particl MoreIn this study, ZnWO4 nanoparticles were synthesized through co-precipitation method with sodium tungstate dehydrate (Na2WO4.2H2O) and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO3)2.6H2O) as starting materials. In order to optimize the conditions for obtaining smallest mean particle size, Central Composite Design (CCD) was used and three parameters of temperature, weight ratio of precursors, and pH value were studied in five levels. The obtained ZnWO4 nanoparticles were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric- differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that optimal conditions for smallest mean nanoparticles with particle size of 37.3 6.9 nm were temperature =83 , weight ratio of precursor equal to 1.1, and pH=6. The resulting ZnWO4 nanoparticles were dry- pressed to green compact pellets with a diameter of 11mm and thickness of 1.5 nm at the compaction pressure of 500 MPa. The densification of nanoparticles compacts was carried out by a pressure less sintering at 950 for 2 hours in air atmosphere. Scintillation properties of pellets were determined by means of Gama-rays spectroscopy. The results showed that manufactured ZnWO4 pellets illustrated counting sensitivity to Cs137 and Am241 irradiation sources and couldn’t detect energy of Gama-rays emitted from this two source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Evaluation of wear properties and radiopacity of strontium oxide-coated polyether ether ketone implant for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture
Mahboobeh MahmoodiOne of the most common orthopedic clinic referrals is direct and indirect traumas to the knee that lead to anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The use of titanium implants is one of the ways to treat and reconstruct the cruciate ligament, which has limitations, includin MoreOne of the most common orthopedic clinic referrals is direct and indirect traumas to the knee that lead to anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The use of titanium implants is one of the ways to treat and reconstruct the cruciate ligament, which has limitations, including the release of toxic ions such as aluminum and vanadium from the titanium alloy. In the present study, the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) implant was fabricated using a CNC machine. Then the surface of the implant was coated with strontium oxide (SrO) by dip spin coating method in two temperature conditions, including ambient temperature and 70 ℃ to produce a radiopaque polymer. After coating, the wear and surface properties of the implant were evaluated. The surface morphology, microstructure, and distribution of elements on the implant surface were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy(EDS), and MAP analysis, respectively. The radiographic images indicated the good radiopacity level of the SrO-coated PEEK implant. The amount of weight loss for the PEEK implant and the SrO-coated PEEK implant was 0.0006 g and 0.0004 g in 1500 cycles, respectively. Good wear resistance was observed in two cycles of 500 and 1500 for the pores and surface of the SrO-coated PEEK implant. The results of the cell culture and live/dead staining showed 98% growth and proliferation of cells on the SrO-coated PEEK implant. Therefore, the findings of this study demonstrated that the SrO-coated PEEK implant can be used as a suitable alternative for the Endobutton. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Study of Feeding Effects of Biomar, Calf Heart, Tubifex, Blood Worm, Gammarus and Artemia on Indicators of Growth and Remaining in Severum Fish, Heros Severus
مجید محمدنژاد شموشکی سمیرا حیدری سیدحامد موسوی ثابتThe nutrition Biomar convention, calf heart, tubifex, blood worm, gammarus and artemia that the common aquarium fish shops as a common food nutrition of ornamental fish. This study was done to determine the best indicators of growth and survival on Severum that is one o MoreThe nutrition Biomar convention, calf heart, tubifex, blood worm, gammarus and artemia that the common aquarium fish shops as a common food nutrition of ornamental fish. This study was done to determine the best indicators of growth and survival on Severum that is one of the economic value and importance among the ornamental fish are found in Iran were investigated to determine which of the foods used in the growth of the most fish will Severum. This study for 8 weeks and 12 aquariums with 20 numbers of fish in each aquarium and the four treatments included: treatment 1: biomar, treatment 2: calf heart, treatment 3: tubifex, treatment 4: blood worm, treated 5: gammarus and six treatments: artemia with average weight 0.398 andplusmn; 0.16 g was performed. Amount of food required according to the weight of the biomass and 15 percent of body weight four times a day in hours 8, 12.16 and 20 were imported to any aquarium. Finally, data of each treatment were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and analysis of correlation. When differences were significant (P andlt;0.05), Duncan test was done to mean comparison between treatments. There were significant differences between weight and body length of fishes (P andlt;0.05). So that the maximum increase in body weight and length belong to treatment 1 and minimum belongs to treatment 5. The results also were identified between treatments studied in terms of FCR, CF, SGR, BWI and GR is significant difference (P andlt;0.05). Based on the results of this study can be said that among the six types of food used biomar best effect on fish growth indicators severum and generally used for foods highest efficiency severum is as follows: biomar andgt; calf herartandlt; tubifexandlt; blood wormandlt; artemia andlt; gammarus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Protective Effect of Curcumin on Hormones of Spermatogenesis and DNA Breaks in Rats Exposed to Gamma-radiation
زهرا حمزوی جهرمی سمانه ذوالقدری جهرمی وحید حمایت خواه جهرمیRadiation therapy is a stage of therapeutic in the management of tumors that causes normal cells damage. So compounds with name Radio protective drugs injected before of radiotherapy that reduce cell damages and death against ionizing radiation. Curcumin is an antioxida MoreRadiation therapy is a stage of therapeutic in the management of tumors that causes normal cells damage. So compounds with name Radio protective drugs injected before of radiotherapy that reduce cell damages and death against ionizing radiation. Curcumin is an antioxidant compound. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible protective effect of curcumin on Hormones of spermatogenesis and DNA strand break against Gamma-Radiation in rats. 70 adult male Wister rats randomly divided in to 10 groups including: control, sham, Experimental 1(treatment with maximum of cur cumin in amount of 100 mg/ml), Experimental 2 (treatment with medium of cur cumin in amount of 50 mg/ml), Experimental3(treatment with minimum of curcumin in amount of 25 mg/ml), Experimental 4 (treatment with curcumin + radiation in amount of maximum), Experimental 5 (treatment with curcumin+radiation in amount of medium), Experimental 6 (treatment with curcumin+radiation in amount of minimum), Experimental 7 (treatment with solvent+ radiation), Experimental 8 (exposure to irradiation). All of animals received for 15 days respectively as Intraperitonealinjection. Then the animals were euthanized and blood collection for FSH, LH and tesostrone hormones and extraction of DNA from bone marrow slides for molecular biology studies. ELISA hormone assay for measuring of hormones levels and agarose gel electrophesis with Ethidium Bromide-stained for separating of DNA breaks was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software and statistical tests including two-way ANOVA and Duncan test. This study showed that Gamma-radiation with dose of 2 Gy caused significantly decreased of plasma testosterone level and significantly increased of plasma LH, FSH hormones levels (pandlt; 0.05) and many breaks in DNA molecule in irradiation and solvent + radiation groups with control. So treatment with curcumin balances these adverse effects of Gamma-radiation on testis hormones of spermatogenesis and DNA molecule and leads toward normal position.These results suggest curcumin have an ameliorative effect on concentration of plasma hormones of spermatogenesis and DNA molecule breaks against Gamma-radiation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Study of Fishes in Gamasiab River of the Kermanshah Province and the Effect of Pollution on Their Dispersion
شهره امینی سحر بیوکانی جعفر سرخوشIn this survay that was conducted from July 1388 in 6 months, to identify fish species composition and their abundance in Gamasiab river of the Kermanshah Province and study of effect of industrial pollutions on dispersion of species, monthly sampling had been done on t MoreIn this survay that was conducted from July 1388 in 6 months, to identify fish species composition and their abundance in Gamasiab river of the Kermanshah Province and study of effect of industrial pollutions on dispersion of species, monthly sampling had been done on the fishes by cast net in 3 stations. Studied stations were determined from up to down of the river, respectively: station 1 was in upside of the river nearness Samangan-e-sofla village, station 2 in Chehr bridge region and station 3 was in Sorkheh-deh region. In this project, to catch the samples only used from cast net with 1.5 cm meshes. According to the results of studying on the 486 fish speciments, 25 species of 5 families were identified: Minnows (Cyprinidae), River Loaches (Balitoridae), Catfishes (Sisoridae), Catfishes (Bagridae) and Spiny eels (Mastacembelidae) which had 20, 2, 1, 1 and 1 species in the studied region, respectively. Among identified families, Cyprinidae were the dominant fishes in whole of region and after that were Balitoridae. Also the results showed that the minimum caught species were in station 2 or near the source of polluting of the river and the maximum species found in station 3 or far from the source of pollution. In the other hand, industrial pollution and the waste of factories were effected on the dispersion of fishes and due to decrease the diversity of them and distance of the pollution due to increase the diversity of fishes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Making a construct containing of γ-globin gene and control regions of beta gene cluster aiming for studying of effective mutations in HPFH phenotype
مریم بی خوف تربتی فاطمه جمشیدی حسین خان احمد سیروس زینلی مرتضی کریمی پورIn andbeta;-thalassemia patients are mutations or deletions in beta globin gene which due to absence or reduction of andbeta;-globin chain synthesis. Adult hemoglobin (HbA) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Beta Globin chains (andalpha;2andbeta;2) while Fetal hemoglobin (HbF MoreIn andbeta;-thalassemia patients are mutations or deletions in beta globin gene which due to absence or reduction of andbeta;-globin chain synthesis. Adult hemoglobin (HbA) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Beta Globin chains (andalpha;2andbeta;2) while Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Gamma Globin chains (andalpha;2andgamma;2). HbF switches to HbA in early weeks after the birth. A kind of andbeta;-thalassemia is HPFH phynotype. In these patients the level of HbF will be high in after the birth continuously. The gamma globin gene is in beta globin gene cluster and its expression will be control by locus control region (LCR) which located in upstream of beta gene cluster. The LCR composed of five DNase I hyper sensitive sites (HS1-5) in Erythroid cells. We amplified HS2, HS3, HS4 segments (mini LCR) and andgamma;-globin gene from the genomic DNA of a normal individual by PCR. Each of segments cloned in pTZ57R/T vector and then subcloned in the pBGGT vector, a derivative of PUC19 plasmid. This construct is a positive control and containing 5and#39; HS4,HS3,HS2 3and#39; segments (mini LCR, 4 kb) and A Gamma gene (2 kb). That could be used in studying of some mutations which due to HPFH phenotype and affect expression of andgamma;-globin gene and also for induction of HbF production in gene therapy of andbeta;-thalassemia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Intraspecific Variation among Populations of Trapelus lessonea in Iran, Using Sequences of the Mitochondrial Gene ND2
اسرا بانی مهجور اسکندر رستگارپویانی ویدا حجتیThe agamid species Trapelus lessonae (Rastegar Pouyani 2000) is one of the widespread species of the family Agamidae in Iran. It is active in day time and particularly can be seen during first and last hoers of day in summer time. In Iran, it is distributed from northwe MoreThe agamid species Trapelus lessonae (Rastegar Pouyani 2000) is one of the widespread species of the family Agamidae in Iran. It is active in day time and particularly can be seen during first and last hoers of day in summer time. In Iran, it is distributed from northwest towards southeast of the country on the foot hills, open planes and alpines along the Zagros mountain chain. In order to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among different population of this taxon in its range in Iran, several populations of this species were collected within its range from Azerbayejan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Hamadan, Ilam, Markazi and Isfehan provinces since mid May to early September 2012. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 33 samples, the mitochondrial gene ND2 were amplified and sequenced in all the specimens. Phylogenetic relationships among different populations were reconstructed using variety of methods (e.g Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference) and programs (e.g Mega, Mr. Bayes and Paup). The reconstructed phylogeny showed the distinct position of all populations in the tree with relatively high resolution. Considering the branch pattern of the phylogenetic tree and the amounts of genetic distances among populations, it is clear that the populations of Azerbayejan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Ilam are closely related and all can be attributed to the same taxon in species level. However, the populations of Isfehan and Hamadan are relatively far from the western populations so that they probably can be considered as a distinct species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Effect of Endurance Training Before Induction of Alzheimers on Learning Memory and the Changes in Hippocampal Gamma-secretasein Male Wistar Rats
Sajjad Rajabi Amiri Alireza Barari Ahmad AbdiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250& MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250±17g were randomly divided into two groups of rest (16) and exercise (16) beore Alzheimers induction. After 4 weeks (two 15-min intervals with the speed of 10 m/min in first and second weeks, three 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the third week,and four 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the fourth week, with 5-min stops), each group was divided into two subgroups: 1. Amyloid beta injection, and 2. no injection. After 72 hours, the animals were killed and their hippocampus was removed. The changes of gamma secretase were measured by Real Time PCR and the obtaiend data analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Morris learning and memory test revealed a significant difference between the time elapsed for finding the platform in different groups on the second (p = 0.001, F = 10.758), third (p ≥ 0.001, p = 0.0057) and the fourth days (p = 0.001, F = 4.846). The time elapsed for finding the platform in the rest-injection group Aβ1-42 was significantly longer than the other gorups on all days (p ≥ 0.001). The results of probe test for spatial memory showed that the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle was significantly different for different groups (p = 0.001, F = 9.25). Also, gamma secretase was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to rest group after Alzheimers induction (p = 0.001). Aerobic exercise before Alzheimers induction leads to a decrease in gamma-secretase and increase in learning and Memory, and it may lead to hyppocampal plasticity that brings about cognitive and functional benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Tomato Plant Response to Induction of Resistance to R. solani Using Gamma irradiated Bacterial Biocontrol mutants
fateme saedi dizajyekan peyman foroozesh samira shahbaziThe aim of this study was to evaluate the tomato plant induced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani using bio-control bacteria of Bacillus subtilis. Three bacterial isolates including B1 (un-irradiated B. subtilis), B600 and B419 (gamma-irradiated B. subtilis mutants) were MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the tomato plant induced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani using bio-control bacteria of Bacillus subtilis. Three bacterial isolates including B1 (un-irradiated B. subtilis), B600 and B419 (gamma-irradiated B. subtilis mutants) were used in this study. Results showed the highest activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme in plant infected with pathogen. This increase in polyphenol oxidase activity was due to the response of the plant to the pathogen, which led to an increase in the activity of the enzyme, indicating an increase in oxidation in the plant. All treatments except B1 + Pathogen showed lower levels of peroxidase enzyme activity than the pathogen infected plant. All the plants treated with bio-control bacterial showed a significant increase in chlorophyll a compared to control. In plants treated with bio-control agents, the highest level of chlorophyll b in B600 + Pathogen and B1 + Pathogen were measured. The highest Disease Incidence percentage (DI%) was observed in plant pathogen (negative control) and the lowest DI was observed in plants treated with B419 + Pathogen. In plants treated with bio-control agent, the highest amount of chlorophyll b was calculated in B1 + Pathogen and B600 + Pathogen treatments. The highest percentage of Disease Incidence percentage (DI%) was observed in the pathogen-infected plant and the lowest in the B419 + Pathogen treatment. The treatment with bio-control agent increased tomato yield and even the highest yield was recorded in the B419 + Pathogen treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - تأثیر22هفته تمرین هوازی بر بیان اینترفرون گاما و زیر رده های لکوسیتی در روند تولید پادزهر
میترا عزیزی ماسوله عبدلعلی بنایی فر عباس زارع میرک آبادی نادر شاکری -
Open Access Article
74 - تاثیر یک جلسه تمرین با شدت متوسط بر تغییرات الگوی سایتوکاینی و تعداد لکوسیت در فوتبالیست ها (Th1/Th2)
فاطمه احمدی محسن ثالثی موسی آبادی مریم کوشکی جهرمی -
Open Access Article
75 - آسیب لیگامان معلقه (Suspensory ligament) در اندامهای حرکتی اسبهای ورزشی
samane ghasemi -
Open Access Article
76 - Improvement of initial growth and medicinal indices of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) by physical seed primmimg
Bahram Mirshekari Reza SiyamiIn order to evaluation of effect of physical treatments on growth and effective ingredients of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) laboratory, green house and field experiments were performed in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran during 2014 in three replic MoreIn order to evaluation of effect of physical treatments on growth and effective ingredients of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) laboratory, green house and field experiments were performed in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran during 2014 in three replications. Treatments were ultrasonic wave, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations for 5, 10 and 15 minutes on wetted seeds included control. Seeds under magnetic field for 5 and 10 min. germinated after 11 days, while seeds under ultrasonication and laser treatments germinated after 13.2 days. Treatments studied lead to significant decrease in time to taken to 50% of emergence of seedling and mean emergence time compared to the control. Final emergence percentage in seeds under magnetic field and ultrasonic wave were 73.7%, but only 58.7% from seeds treated under gamma and beta irradiations. With increasing of exposure time of magnetic field seedling vigor index reduced significant. Seed yield in those seeds under magnetic field increased 8.5 g m-2 compared to mean of control, ultrasonic wave and laser. Seed turgidity index ranged from 0.77 mL in gamma and beta irradiations up to 1.47 mL in magnetic field treatments. Regression analysis revealed that the role of final emergence percentage and seedling vigor index in seed yield explanation were 1.8 and 1.7 times greater than time to taken to 50% of emergence of seedling, respectively. In ribwort plantain with treatment of seeds under magnetic field farmers could improve seedling vigor and increase yield and effective ingredients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - س
mana gholampour abbassali dehpour parvaneh rahdari -
Open Access Article
78 - A review on Iranian Echium amoenum Fisch & C.A. Mey.
Noraddin Hosseinpour azad Hamed Arastegi Marani Shima BourangIntroduction: The Boraginaceae family has about 2,000 species of plants in 100 genera. The plants of this family grow in all temperate and warm regions, especially the Mediterranean region and North and South Africa, Europe, the Canary Islands, and East Asia. Iran is on MoreIntroduction: The Boraginaceae family has about 2,000 species of plants in 100 genera. The plants of this family grow in all temperate and warm regions, especially the Mediterranean region and North and South Africa, Europe, the Canary Islands, and East Asia. Iran is one of the important sources of germplasm reserves of a type of plant in this family commonly called Gol Gav Zaban. This plant with the scientific name of Echium amoenum grows in mountainous areas up to 2500 meters above sea level. In order to have full and integrated access to the information on these plants, it is necessary to provide the necessary information in the form of review articles to farmers and researchers.Experimental: In this research, focusing on some keywords related to this plant such as: botany, chemical compounds, medicinal properties, cultivation method and biotechnology, related articles extracted from scientific sites Like Science direct and PubMed, then used as necessary information.Results and Disscussion: According to the information obtained, in traditional medicine, the petals of this plant are used as a diuretic, analgesic, diaphoretic, and blood pressure reducer. it oilseeds are rich in essential fatty acids such as alpha-linoleic and gamma-linoleic, which are the necessary precursor in the structure of prostaglandins involved in the synthesis of the myelin wall, therefore is used in the preparation of medicinal supplements to prevent neurological diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS).Extension:Due to the nativeness of this plant and its adaptation to most climates of the country, it is one of the potentials in the development of medicinal plants. With the development of cultivation, it is possible to supply a wide range of active ingredients of medicines offered in pharmacies, And can facilitate self-sufficiency in the pharmaceutical fields. Manuscript profile
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