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Open Access Article
1 - Al-Banū Razin and the Muslim Berber-Arab Relations in the Middle Age Andalusia
sohrab eslami Younes Farahmand hadi alemzadehReferences Abbādī, Mukhtār Aḥmad, Fī tarīkh al-Maghrib wa l-Andalus, Beirut, Dar Al-nahḍa, (Un d.). Abū Muṣṭafā, Kamāl Sayyid, Buḥūth fī tarikh wa ḥaḍāra al- Andalus fī l-Aṣr al-Islāmī, Alexandria, Markaz-i Iskandariyya lil-kitāb, 1997 AD/1417 AH. Akhbār madjmūa fī fatḥ MoreReferences Abbādī, Mukhtār Aḥmad, Fī tarīkh al-Maghrib wa l-Andalus, Beirut, Dar Al-nahḍa, (Un d.). Abū Muṣṭafā, Kamāl Sayyid, Buḥūth fī tarikh wa ḥaḍāra al- Andalus fī l-Aṣr al-Islāmī, Alexandria, Markaz-i Iskandariyya lil-kitāb, 1997 AD/1417 AH. Akhbār madjmūa fī fatḥl-Andalus, Revised by Ibrāhīm Ābyārī, Beirut, Dār al-kutub al-Lubnānī, 1989 AD, 1409 AH. , Dawla al-islām fī l-Andalus, al-ʿAṣr al-awwal al-ḳism al-awwal, Min al-fatḥ ilā bidāya ʿahd al-Nāṣir, Cairo, Maktaba Khāndjī, 1997 AD/ 1417 AH؛ Abdolmuhammad Ayati(trans.), Tehran, keyhanbook, 2001/ 1380. Ibid, duwal al-ṭawādhu ḳiyam-hā ḥattā al-fatḥ al-Murābiṭī, Cairo, Maktaba Khāndjī, 1997 AD/1417 AH؛ Abdolmuhammad Ayati(trans.), Tehran, keyhanbook, 1988/ 1367. Arslān, Shakīb, al-Ḥulal al-sundusiyya fī al-akhbār wa al-āthār l-Andalusiyya, Cairo, Kalamāt-i ʿArabiyya lil-Tardjuma wa al-nashr, (Un d.). Bubāya,ʿAbd al-Ḳādir, al-Barbar fī l-Andalus wa mawḳifuhum min fitna al-ḳarn al-khāmis al-hidjrī 422-492 AH, Beirut, Dār al-kitāb al-ʿilmiyya, 2011 AD/1432 AH. Ḍabbī, Aḥmad b. Yahyā b. Aḥmad b. ʾAmīra, Bughyat al-multamis fī tarīkh ridjāl ahl l-Andalus, Cairo, Dār al-Kātib al-ʿArabī, 1967 AD/1386 AH. Hadjdjī, ʿAbd al-RaḥmānʿAlī, al-Tarīkh al-Andalus, Beirut, Dār al-Ḳalam, ( 2nd ed.), 1981 AD/1401 AH. Ḥaḳḳī, Muḥammad, al-barbar fī al-Andalus, (Un d.), Shirkat al-Nashr wa al-Tūzīʿ al-Madāris, (1st ed.), 2001 AD/1421 AH. Hayik, Simon, Abd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil ṣaḳr ḳuraysh, (Un d.), 1982 AD/1402 AH. Ḥimyarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Munʿim, al-Rawḍ al-miār fī khabar al-aḳṭār, Revised by Iḥsān ʿAbbās, Beirut, Maktaba Lubnān, 1984 AD/1404 AH. Ibn Abbār, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Abībakr, al-ḥulla al-siyarā, Revised by Ḥusayn Mūnis, Cairo, Dār al-Muʿārif, 1985 AD/1405 AH. Ibn Bassām, Abu ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī, al-Dhakhīra fī maḥāsin ahl al-djazīra, Beirut, Dār al-Thaḳāfa, 1997 AD/1417 AH. Ibn Ḥayyān, Abū Marwān Ḥayyān b. Khalaf, Muḳtabis, al-Sifr al-Thānī, Revised by Maḥmūd ʿAlī Makkī, Riadh, Markaz al-Malik Fīṣal lil-Buḥūth wa al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyya, 2002 AD/1422 AH. Ibid, Muḳtabis, Revised by Maḥmūd ʿAlī Makkī, Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1973 AD/1392 AH. Ibid, Muḳtabis,Nashr-i Pedro Shālmītā, Madrid, al-mʿahad al-Isbānī al-ʿArabī al-Thaḳāfa Kulliyya al-Ādāb biʾl-Ribāṭ, 1979 AD/1392 AH. Ibid, Muḳtabis, al-Sifr al Sādis, Revised by ʿAbd al-Raḥman ʿAlī Ḥadjdjī, Beirut, Dār al-Thaḳāfa, 1956 AD/1375 AH. Ibid, Muḳtabis, al-Sifr al Sādis, Revised by Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Hawārī, Beirut, Maktaba al-ʿAṣriyya, 2006 AD/1426 AH. Ibn Ḥazm Andalusī, Abī Muḥammad ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd, Djamharat ansāb al-arab, Revised by ʿAbd al-Salām Muḥammad Hārūn, Cairo, Dār al-Muʿārif, 1982 AD/ 1402 AH. Ibn ʿIdhārī, Abu ʾl-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, al-Bayān al-mughrib fī akhbār mulūk al-Andalus wa l-maghrib, G.S. Colin & Lévi Provençal, Beirut, Dār al-Thaḳāfa, 1983 AD/1403 AH. Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad, al-Ibar wa al-dīwan l-mubtadi wa al-Khabar fī tarikh al-Arab wa al-Adjam wa al-Barbar wa-min āṣarāhum min zawī al-sulṭān al-akbar, Revised by Khalīl Shiḥāda, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1988 AD/1408 AH. Ibn al-Khaṭīb, Dhu ʾl-Wizāratayn Lisān al-Dīn, al-iḥāṭa fī akhbār Gharnāṭa, Revised by Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh ʿAnān, Cairo, Maktaba al-Khāndjī, 1973 AD/1392 AH. Ibid, Amāl al-aalām fī-man būyia ḳabl al-iḥtilām min mulūk al-Islām, Revised by Lévi Provençal, Beirut, Dār al-Makshūf, 1956 AD/1375 AH. Idrīsī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh, Ṣafa al-Maghrib wa arz al-Sūdān wa Miṣr wa l-Andalus, Leiden, Brill Publishers, 1866 AD/1282 AH. Khushanī, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. Ḥārith b. Asad, Ḳuḍat Ḳurṭūba wa ulama Ifriḳiya, Revised by Sayyid ʿIzzat ʿAṭṭār Ḥusaynī, Cairo, Maktaba Khāndjī, 1994 AD/1414 AH. Mafākhir al-barbar, Revised by ʿAbd al-Ḳādir Būbaya, Rabat, Dār Abī Raḳrāḳ lil-Ṭabāʿa wa al-nashr, 2005 AD/1425 AH. Mūnis, Ḥusayn, Maālim tarīkh al-Maghrib wa al-Andalus, (Un d.), Maktaba al-Āsirra, 2004 AD/1424 AH. Provençal, Lévi, al-Islām fī al-Maghrib wa l-Andalus, Maḥmūd ʿAbd Al-azīz Sālim & Muḥammad Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Ḥilmī(trans.), Cairo, Dār al-Nahḍa-i Miṣr, 1956 AD/1357 AH. Rāshid, ʿAbd al-Djalīl ʿAbd al-Rizā, “Dawr al-Barbar fī suḳūṭ al-dawla al-Umayya fī ʾl-Andalus”, Baghdad, Madjalla al-Muarrikh al-arabī, 1977 AD/1397 AH. Sālim, Sayyid ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Tarīkh al-Muslimīn wa Āthāruhum fī l-Andalus min al-fatḥ al-Arabī ḥattā suḳūṭ al- Khilāfat bi-ḳurṭūba, Alexandria: Mūʾassa Shabāb al-Djāmiʿa, 1999 AD/1419 AH. Yāḳūt Hamawī, Abū ʿAbdullāh Yaʿḳūb b. ʿAbdullāh, Mudjam al-buldān, Beirut, Dār ṣādir, 1995 AD/1415 AH. Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn b. Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad, al-Alām, Beirut, Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Mullāʾiyn, 2002 AD/1422 AH. Al Banū Razin was among the prominent Berber families of Andalusia that their ancestor arrived there with Tariq ibn Ziyad. They went, firstly, to Cordoba, then to Christian borderlines and finally settled down in Albarracin, a district of Santaver. It was a military area located in thighr ‘awsat (the middle borderline) during the Umayyad era. Therefore, its residents could play a significant role in the maintaining the power of Umayyads in this area. Similar to other Berbers who were dissatisfied with the Arabs and the Umayyads, Al Banū Razin and their rulers played a dual role. Although they had submitted to the Andalusian Umayyad Caliphate, as Umayyad government was weakened in the early 5th century A.H., they declared independence and established a dominant government in Albarracin. Furthermore, to secure their interests, they never involved in the political conflicts and disputes between their neighbors at the time. However they adopted a confrontational approach towards the Umayyad caliphs. The policies taken by the Banū Razin governors prove that, similar to other Berbers, Al Banū Razin significantly contributed to the decline and collapse of the Umayyad Empire and reducing of Muslim power in Andalusia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - بررسی تاثیر رسانه ملی در ایجاد شکاف نسلی
حبیب صبوری خسروشاهی نفیسه توکلی نیا -
Open Access Article
3 - The Impact of Applying Brand Positioning and Customer Experience on Loyalty (Case Study: Hamrahe Aval)
Ramezan Noori Babian Mohammad Aghayee Nader Qaribnavaz Vahid NasehifarCurrently, due to market dynamics and the impact of various factors at the macro and operational levels, customer purchasing patterns face different operational concepts and the concepts of customer satisfaction and loyalty in terms of operation, with different indicato MoreCurrently, due to market dynamics and the impact of various factors at the macro and operational levels, customer purchasing patterns face different operational concepts and the concepts of customer satisfaction and loyalty in terms of operation, with different indicators on organizational performance, are effective. Also, attracting customers and providing value-creating services to satisfy them, the important thing is to maintain them in the company's value chain and to increase market share, especially customer share. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using brand positioning and customer experience in loyalty. The present study is descriptive-survey and is applied in terms of purpose. The data collection tools were questionnaire that due to the high volume of the statistical population, using Cochran's formula, a simple random sampling method with a sample size of 415 was used. Content validity and convergence were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach’s alpha was used for reliability with a value of. /938. The collected data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. Structural equation modeling and Smart PLS were used to test the model and the research hypotheses. The results show that causal conditions have a positive effect on loyalty processes, intervening and context conditions. Underlying and intervening conditions have a direct effect on the processes and consequences of loyalty. Strategies have a positive effect on outcomes, but intervening and contextual conditions do not have a positive effect on strategies, and these two hypotheses are rejected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Applying a qualitative meta-composite approach in order to provide a brand repositioning model for companies active in the electricity industry
babak roozbahani S. Sarmad Saeidi behrooz ghasemiThe purpose of this study was to provide a brand repositioning model for companies active in the electricity industry. For this purpose, a systematic evaluation and analysis of the results and findings of the previous research has been done with the approach of qualitat MoreThe purpose of this study was to provide a brand repositioning model for companies active in the electricity industry. For this purpose, a systematic evaluation and analysis of the results and findings of the previous research has been done with the approach of qualitative research and meta-composite tool, which includes seven steps. In this method, by searching for the keyword of brand repositioning in various databases, 2349 studies were found in the period of 2012 to 2022 AD and 1391 to 1401 AD. Out of 2349 found works, 1657 works in terms of title, 384 works in terms of abstract and 246 works in terms of text were not consistent with the purpose and questions of this research; Therefore, these works were left out, and only 62 works that were in the field of brand repositioning and were in line with the purpose and questions of the present research both in terms of title and content, were selected for meta-combination analysis and presentation of brand repositioning model. became By studying and carefully examining the finalized sources, components and indicators of brand repositioning of companies active in the electricity industry were extracted from each of the sources, which include financial strength, quality, price, delivery, service, marketing, customer satisfaction and management. human resources. In total, the pattern of brand repositioning of companies active in the electricity industry was identified and classified in the form of 8 components and 71 indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Product Positioning with Perceptual Map Method
H. R. Saeedniea M. FirouzianSuccess of an offering product in a special target market depends on the way they introduce the product or the place they assign for the product. We should say that product positioning talks about the consumer attitudes about the important attributes of a MoreSuccess of an offering product in a special target market depends on the way they introduce the product or the place they assign for the product. We should say that product positioning talks about the consumer attitudes about the important attributes of a product. Consumer minds always struggle with the set of attitudes & thoughts, so that to simplify the buying process, consumer almost categorize the products in his mind and assign a place for each of them.But today, market managers and companies problem is that the consumers shouldn’t be free to position the offering products, so they should design intelligent policies & strategies, make consumers to place the product on the specified position they design. Researches show that the key of positioning a product is the adequate knowledge about the criteria & dimensions that consumers use them to give value to the marketing programs of competitors & then make decision for buying. There are many different ways for positioning. In this research we try to use the basic concepts of marketing & the position a product by the Perceptual Map method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Strategic Positioning of Saderat Bank Brand from the Viewpoint of Legal Customers – Manufacturing Units of Southern Khorasan Province
L. Mahmoodi S. A. R. Davoodi T. Sadeghi A. Kafashpor F. YosefzadehThis study aims to study the position of Saderat Bank Brand, Sepah, Mellat, Melli, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, and Tejarat banks in attracting legal customers – manufacturing units. The study used a mixed/combined methodology. The positioning process and the perceptu MoreThis study aims to study the position of Saderat Bank Brand, Sepah, Mellat, Melli, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, and Tejarat banks in attracting legal customers – manufacturing units. The study used a mixed/combined methodology. The positioning process and the perceptual map technique were applied. The population included senior managers and financial executives of manufacturing units in Sothern Khorasan Province, for which the data was gathered through surveying their opinions due to their limited number (fewer than 40). The focus group technique and the questionnaires were used at two times to collect the data. Analyses were done by analytic hierarchy process technique and non-parametrical statistics, clomograph and Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results indicate that Saderat Bank and Mellat Bank have the best position in terms of processes for the provision of manufacturing units with finance, the ease of processes for providing letter of guarantee and LC, and the provision of letter of guarantee and LC. Besides, Saderat Bank enjoyed the second rank – after Mellat Bank – on the minds of customers in this section of the market with regard to the negotiation and consultation services, and interaction between bank's managers and the senior managers of manufacturing units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Irans Status in the Law of Arbitration Institution with Juridical Approach
Mohammad Rahim BehbahaniArbitration and dispute resolution practices among people, old institution that was common in ancient Iran and Saudi Arabia before Islam and Islam signed it. Islam gives special importance to resolve disputes through arbitration and cited verses in the Quran, the more a MoreArbitration and dispute resolution practices among people, old institution that was common in ancient Iran and Saudi Arabia before Islam and Islam signed it. Islam gives special importance to resolve disputes through arbitration and cited verses in the Quran, the more attention it provides. Shia scholars also about the necessity or recommendation arbitration, the nature and conditions of judges in arbitration proceedings have added to the richness of the discussions. Under Iranian law, the legislator inspired by the Jurisprudence of particular importance to arbitration in disputes and the regulations, it is necessary to refer to arbitration.and its low cost. In this study, for the first time briefly with the benefit of rich and authoritative sources in Fqh; Principles of Islamic Law and statutory rights of Iran, including civil rights, rights of privacy and rights is the trade and patent to a very high status arbitration Act and the need to mention it also occurs to development. It is hoped that the attention and acceptance of the Prophet of God and Imam Arvahnaalfda’ and everything Andr Karan of law in the administration of justice Gyrd divine. Vhv Ahkm Alhakmyn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Human Identity Particularly Woman in Post-Post Modernism
دکتر مرضیه رضایی کلانتریIn the article, the research has first studied the process of changes of Pre-Modernism (1000-1450), Modernism (1450-1960), Post Modernism (1960-1989) andPost-Post Modernism (early 1990s until now) periods and has then dealt with theposition of human identity, especially MoreIn the article, the research has first studied the process of changes of Pre-Modernism (1000-1450), Modernism (1450-1960), Post Modernism (1960-1989) andPost-Post Modernism (early 1990s until now) periods and has then dealt with theposition of human identity, especially woman, by special consideration of aspect ofeconomy, management, culture, music and information society and has determinedand analyzed the characteristics of each of them. Finally, all changes together withmain concepts have been provided in a table. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The concept of "modern sovereignty" or the concept of "modern sovereignty"
Leili BorojerdiSovereignty is a concept that has always been debated by the government because it justifies the power of the ruler and how it is exercised. This concept has always evolved and interpreted throughout history, and at one time or another, the concept of sovereignty and it MoreSovereignty is a concept that has always been debated by the government because it justifies the power of the ruler and how it is exercised. This concept has always evolved and interpreted throughout history, and at one time or another, the concept of sovereignty and its interpretation has never been the same. The state's attitude towards elements such as the people, the economy , Ownership, taxation, the status of government and its views, the interpretation of sovereignty as justifying the exercise of government, the place of government structures and power including the three powers, the legislative attitude, and the legitimizing factor for the holder of this right are very important That need to be considered in examining the concept of sovereignty, in which Traditional and modern notions of these concepts lead us to the conclusion that it is impossible to provide a consistent and uniform interpretation of the concept of sovereignty, and thus this variation of the oscillation is the best way of explaining and presenting the concept, using hermeneutic interpretation and considering the circumstances. , Shows the time, environment, and context for its review. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Study of Power Relationships - A Place in the Formation of Organizational Commitment in the Public Organization of Tehran Municipality
farah torkaman elaheh gorgvandi saeed maadaniToday, in most metropolitan cities, urban executives and urban staff have increasingly and more than ever been aware of the fact that their sense of organizational commitment to the organization can have a significant impact on city governance and the quality of life of MoreToday, in most metropolitan cities, urban executives and urban staff have increasingly and more than ever been aware of the fact that their sense of organizational commitment to the organization can have a significant impact on city governance and the quality of life of citizens. The municipal organization provides various services at the city level for the benefit of the citizens as much as possible. Power and position are two essential dimensions of social relationships that create specific feelings during social interaction in organizations. The purpose of the research is to solve the problem of organizational commitment in the public organization of Tehran municipality in view of the theory of power relations and the position of Theodore Kemper.Method: The survey method, the questionnaire and the statistical population of all the staff of the Tehran municipality were sampling according to the list of names. Findings: The results showed that the correlation coefficient between power relations and organizational commitment in the municipality (-5.59) was reduced by increasing the strength relationships of organizational commitment and according to the correlation coefficient between organizational and organizational relationships It can be said that the relationship between the two variables is positive and direct in Tehran Municipality Organization. Regarding the correlation coefficient between place relations and organizational commitment of the municipality (0.789), the increase of organizational commitment increases. The difference in dimensions of organizational commitment (emotional, continuous, and normative) at all levels was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating Power-Position Relationships in the Formation of Organizational Sense of Commitment in the General Organization of Tehran Municipality
Elaheh Gorgvandi Farah Torkaman Saeed Ma'daniToday, in most metropolitan cities, urban executives and urban staff have increasingly and more than ever been aware of the fact that their sense of organizational commitment to the organization can have a significant impact on city governance and the quality of life of MoreToday, in most metropolitan cities, urban executives and urban staff have increasingly and more than ever been aware of the fact that their sense of organizational commitment to the organization can have a significant impact on city governance and the quality of life of citizens. The municipal organization provides various services at the city level for the benefit of the citizens as much as possible. Power and position are two essential dimensions of social relationships that create specific feelings during social interaction in organizations. The purpose of the research is to solve the problem of organizational commitment in the public organization of Tehran municipality in view of the theory of power relations and the position of Theodore Kemper.Method: The survey method, the questionnaire and the statistical population of all the staff of the Tehran municipality were sampling according to the list of names. Findings: The results showed that the correlation coefficient between power relations and organizational commitment in the municipality (-5.59) was reduced by increasing the strength relationships of organizational commitment and according to the correlation coefficient between organizational and organizational relationships It can be said that the relationship between the two variables is positive and direct in Tehran Municipality Organization. Regarding the correlation coefficient between place relations and organizational commitment of the municipality (0.789), the increase of organizational commitment increases. The difference in dimensions of organizational commitment (emotional, continuous, and normative) at all levels was significant.Conclusion: In creating an organizational commitment of the organization, the power relations-perspective variable is affected by three components: the amount (sufficiency, extra and deficiency), intensity (low and high) and direction (one's and another's). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Opportunities and Challenges for Councils and Council Assistances
احمد مسجد جامعیPhenomenon of councils in the religion of Islam is about 1400 years old and its importance is emphasized and clearly declared in holy Quran. One of the important developments in the social-political realm of the country was the formation of city councils in 1998. Today, MorePhenomenon of councils in the religion of Islam is about 1400 years old and its importance is emphasized and clearly declared in holy Quran. One of the important developments in the social-political realm of the country was the formation of city councils in 1998. Today, the local councils are the mechanisms that can create democracy at the local level, providing services and help the increase in social cohesion. Development of councils can cause the expanse of non-governmental organizations, increase in public participation in their own affairs and making the urban management institutions accountable. In this article the concept of the councils is defined initially and this concept is reviewed in the country and then various types of councils are stated. Afterwards, the position of councils in Islam and Legislation is explained and finally the internal and external problems of the councils are pointed and some solutions are offered to help to empower the council assistances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The conservation status of rare sand- like species of Scanbil “Calligonum eriopodum”
Narjes Azizi Gholamreza Hosseini-Bamrood Majid dashti Seyyedeh khadijeh MahdaviBackground and Objective: Calligonum eriopodum is a sand-loving shrub that is native to Iran exclusively in the sand dunes of Hemmat-Abad, Zirkuh-e-Qaen (South Khorasan). The conservation status of this rare and suitable plant for stabilizing quicksand and reducing wind MoreBackground and Objective: Calligonum eriopodum is a sand-loving shrub that is native to Iran exclusively in the sand dunes of Hemmat-Abad, Zirkuh-e-Qaen (South Khorasan). The conservation status of this rare and suitable plant for stabilizing quicksand and reducing wind speed was determined according to International union Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Material and Methodology: The conservation status of this rare species was determined according to IUCN criteria, using GeoCat online software, with field surveys in its habitats, and the area of occupancy (AOO) criterion and extent of occurrence (EOO) calculation. Finding: The area occupied by the Scanbil species was estimated by field surveys and then by GeoCat software in its habitats: AOO was 20 Km2 and its presence area was 53.8 km2. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, this species is in the critically endangered class (CR). Surveys have shown that severe falls in water table drown down and unprecedented droughts of the last decade have been considered major contributors to this rare shrub, that needs to be protected as a natural genetic reserve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Establishment of a CNG Station and its Economic Savings in Reduction of Air Pollutions Adverse Health Effects in Comparison to a Gasoline Station in Tehran
Farideh Atabi Kamran Mahootchi Saeed Zahra AbediNatural gas as an environmentally friendly fuel will have the highest growth rate among energy carriers in the first two decades of this century which is an indication of its ever increasing s~i·re in global consumption of energy sources. & MoreNatural gas as an environmentally friendly fuel will have the highest growth rate among energy carriers in the first two decades of this century which is an indication of its ever increasing s~i·re in global consumption of energy sources. ~_~ The present study utilizes the most recent statistics and data about air pollution and fuel price to estimate the amount of saving that can be attained through the establishment of a single- purposed CNG station having 4 dispensers and consuming 10.512.000 cubic meters ofCNG annually. Thus, the economic losses of pollutants emissions from I cubic meter of CNG and I liter of gasoline were calculated. Finally, by considering the annual revenue of a CNG station, the total monetary saving through the consumption of gas in comparison to the equal amounts of gasoline (per kilometer) was calculated. The results indicate that the total savings for each single-purpose CNG station is about 26.088.303.168 Rials. The cumulative savings from a chain ofCNG stations will be remarkable and in long term it will have huge paybacks including air pollution reduction, public health improvement, gasoline and diesel consumption decrease, reduction in foreign currency expenditures, self sufficiency in use of modem technologies and preservation of petroleum resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The study of Tehran gas stations pollution and its effect on the surface water
Amir Hesam Hassani Golnaz Sajadi NaeiniThe issue of non-point pollution sources is among the topics which are studied in the world at the present time. Gas stations are an example of such sources the pollution of which can affect the environment, especially the area around them and in rainy weather. In this MoreThe issue of non-point pollution sources is among the topics which are studied in the world at the present time. Gas stations are an example of such sources the pollution of which can affect the environment, especially the area around them and in rainy weather. In this research, the gas stations located in the city of Tehran were identified. Then, among the city’s 104 gas stations, 9 were selected in the different parts of the city and their contamination level was studied. The tests of pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) were performed in three time periods, from October to February, on the samples of the 9 gas stations. The samples were taken from the surface water channels around the gas stations. The results demonstrated that the areas of gas stations were polluted due to their fuel run-off. The concentration of COD and TSS of the samples were 110 to 1140 mg/lit and 100 to 800 mg/lit, respectively. The amount of TPH detected in the samples was high in flat areas. The maximum contamination level occurred in November (a rainy month). The results also indicated that gas stations played an important role in polluting the surface water around stations and discharging hydrocarbon compounds in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A View of Women’s Position in the Poetry of Nizar Qabbani & Forough Farrokhzad
Abdolreza Attash Elahe PeyseparFrom the dawn of history in all human communities, women have been regard as men’s partners. A great deal of every man’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions concerns and addresses women. In all eras of Arabic and Persian literature, some reflection and portrait MoreFrom the dawn of history in all human communities, women have been regard as men’s partners. A great deal of every man’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions concerns and addresses women. In all eras of Arabic and Persian literature, some reflection and portrait of women in either verse or prose is noticeable. The current article studies women’s position in contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry by inspecting the poems of such an influentialArab poet as Nizar Qabbani otherwise known as the poet of women. On the other hand, as part of the comparative scheme of the study the researchers study Forough Farrokhzad, the most influential female poet in contemporary Persian poetry. Thus each poet is studied for their original and peculiar literary expressions, and fresh view of women’s rights and social position in their respective and not so apart cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Analysis on Effectiveness of the Narrations of The Innocents on Allameh Tabatabai’s Interpretive Viewpoints
Mahmoud Abu Torabi Seyyed Mohammad Naqib Abbas Yousefi Tazeh KandiOne of the important issues regarding the interpretation of "Al-Mizan" is the role and status of narrations. The view of the effectiveness of the narrations on Allameh Tabatabai's interpretive opinions can be considered among other viewpoints. Research on this opinion i MoreOne of the important issues regarding the interpretation of "Al-Mizan" is the role and status of narrations. The view of the effectiveness of the narrations on Allameh Tabatabai's interpretive opinions can be considered among other viewpoints. Research on this opinion is necessary and innovation can be seen due to the stutus of Allameh Tabatabai's commentary and removing ambiguities about this commentary and the method of Quran to Qur'an, and while the mentioned opinion has been analyzed and the foundations and evidence of the effectiveness of the narrations have been extracted. The unity of Guardianship truth with Qur'an in terms of certainty, lack of differentiation between Quran and Prophet’s family, Ahl al-Bayt as the promoter of Holy Quran, the authority of the tradition and Innocents’ statements, the lack of access to knowledge except the pure, writing the interpretation of Al-Bayan in the agreement between Hadith and Qur’an " before “Al Mizan” interpretation, teaching and commenting on the hadiths of ”Bihar Al-Anwar”, writing thematic commentaries based on narrations, coordinating Allameh's viewpoints with the narrations in" Al-Mizan "commentary are among the most important principles and evidences of the effectiveness of narrations on Allameh Tabatabai's interpetations. The presented principles and evidences show the direct and mediated effectiveness of narrations on Allameh's interpretive opinions. Manuscript profile -
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18 - “Orphans” and their Issues from Quran and Traditions Viewpoint
Seyyed Reza Moaddab Mahmoud Qasemzadeh Khoskroodi“Orphans” and their rights are of important social issues. According to multilateral importance of “orphans” and the priority of Quran’s Verses and Innocents’ traditions in order to survey Islam, the present paper seeks to represent s More“Orphans” and their rights are of important social issues. According to multilateral importance of “orphans” and the priority of Quran’s Verses and Innocents’ traditions in order to survey Islam, the present paper seeks to represent some related concepts and subjects to “orphans” by a more precise viewpoint. Accordingly, besides studying the meaning of “orphan”, (some) Verses of Quran and Innocents’ traditions in which the assignments and responsibilities upon orphans are declared and surveyed. “Orphans” from Islam’s viewpoint – in a greater circle – include left individuals from religion and religious law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Woman and her Social Position in the Field of Family and Society (Based on Zoya Pirzad's Works)
Solmaz Pourtaghimiuandoab Toraj AghdaieOver the past fewdecades, women writers have been able to reflect on the social, cultural, and emotional issues of woman. Among the themes that can be seen in their works are partriarchy, everyday life, loneliness and trying to find identity, and so on.zoya pirzad, one MoreOver the past fewdecades, women writers have been able to reflect on the social, cultural, and emotional issues of woman. Among the themes that can be seen in their works are partriarchy, everyday life, loneliness and trying to find identity, and so on.zoya pirzad, one of the contemporary women writers, has been able to portray woman and the world of women with a feminine thought and writing. In her works, the main and central character is a woman. A woman with all the worries and issues related to the female world. Some of the womenin pirzads works are passive and patiently bow to problems. But others are willingly trying to solve the problems of individual and social life and establish their position. In this research, the woman and her social status in the works of this author are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The position and role of women in one thousand and one nights and Kelileh and Demneh
Fatemeh Amani Azar DaneshgarIn literary works, ancient texts and stories, women have had various roles and characteristics as part of society. Compilation of these works by men and addressing women and their position from their point of view is one of the most important features of these texts. Th MoreIn literary works, ancient texts and stories, women have had various roles and characteristics as part of society. Compilation of these works by men and addressing women and their position from their point of view is one of the most important features of these texts. The books of One Thousand and One Nights and also Kelileh va Demneh, as two ancient fictional works that have many stories in them, are very good narrators to express the position of women and their position in ancient societies. Women have different characteristics, roles and positions in the stories of these two works, and there are many negative and positive characteristics about them. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, the characteristics, position and social role of women in the tales of One Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh have been compared and expressed. The results of this study show that more and more attention to the negative characteristics of women in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh shows the view of male writers in a patriarchal society towards women and their position. In the tales of One Thousand and One Nights, the betrayal of women in the highest position, that is, the queen and the king's wife, has been the main and beginning of the stories, but in the stories of Kelileh and Demneh, this feature has been attributed to women in other classes of society. Other positive and negative characteristics such as tact, knowledge, wisdom, courage, cunning and trickery are all items that have been attributed to women in the stories of both Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Examining and Comparing the Special Views of Rumi and Shams Tabrizi about Divine prophets and Religious Leaders
Zahra Bayatiani Hamid Reza Ardestani Farzaneh Yousef Ghanbari Nasrollah EmamiReferring to the stories of the prophets is one of the motifs in most Persian literary textswhich is mentioned especially in mystical literature. Molana and Shams Tabrizi are two great mystics of Persian literature who were influential on each other's thoughts and ideas MoreReferring to the stories of the prophets is one of the motifs in most Persian literary textswhich is mentioned especially in mystical literature. Molana and Shams Tabrizi are two great mystics of Persian literature who were influential on each other's thoughts and ideas, and by promoting their thoughts and ideas, they caused prosperity and richness of mystical literature. Researchers have conducted numerous studies on the similarities and points of commonality between these two mystics, but no independent research has been conducted on the place and position of the prophets in the thought of these two. In this essay, the authors have tried to deal with the contradictions and differences of the special viewpoints of Rumi and Shams Tabrizi about the prophets and religious elders in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method. By examining the works of Rumi and Shams, it can be concluded that Rumi has discussed the lives and stories of the prophets throughout the Masnavi as well as in the Fih Mafiyyah, so that through the story, in addition to attracting the audience and creating satisfaction and happiness, he has addressed his advice and difficulties. To make the way of conduct easy and comprehensible for those who are not able to directly understand these stages and levels are transformed in the form of stories. Shams Tabrizi has discussed the story of the prophets in his speech based on his own opinions and thoughts; But because his aim is not to teach and advise, like Rumi, he does not pay much attention to storytelling and sometimes to conclusions, and in the stories of the prophets, many times he has paid attention to one or at most two events in the life of a prophet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Study the Position of Femail and Love in VIS & Ramin of Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani
Esmael Hakemi Razieh Zavarian -
Open Access Article
23 - The Comparative Comparing of the Presence of Love in the Poems of Shams Langeroudi and Ghadat Al-Saman
Marjan Rezataji -
Open Access Article
24 - traditional place of women,woman in tranian culture digest of artide
ahmad zakeri fateme mohseni -
Open Access Article
25 - Explaining the shaping factors of improving the social status of students through sports activities: a case study of medical students
Alireza badri ahmadreza askari amir nadri reza masoodiAbstractObjective: Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a MoreAbstractObjective: Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, intellectual abilities, and also the important characteristics of the profession. is The purpose of the current research is to explain the factors that shape the improvement of students' social status through sports activities: a case study of medical students.Methodology: The current research is of a mixed type, in terms of the purpose of the developmental-applicative type, the plan of its implementation is sequential-exploratory, and it was carried out in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes the assistant professors of physical education of the universities of medical sciences in the country, professors with books or research in the field of student sports, high-ranking people of the National Federation of University Sports, and for the quantitative part of the research, all students of medical sciences universities throughout Iran as a community were studied. The sampling method in the qualitative part included the purposeful sampling method (deliberate or judgmental), and the sampling was done using the snowball technique until the theoretical saturation was reached; which was obtained after interviewing 19 people. In the quantitative part, cluster random method was used and finally 400 people were selected as a sample. The data collection tool was used in the qualitative part of the semi-structured, in-depth and exploratory interview; The research audit was done with the methods of believability, transferability, reliability and verifiability. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. However, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire from the qualitative part of the tool was used. Content validity was measured and confirmed by 10 expert professors in a corrective manner and in accordance with the objectives, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. Maxqda, SPSS and Amos software were used for the analysis.Results: The results showed that the codes extracted from the interview in 6 main categories are equal to 191 codes, the causal conditions are equal to 7 components and 27 codes, the central phenomenon is equal to 3 components and 11 extracted codes, the background conditions are equal to With 7 components and 36 extracted codes, intervention conditions are equal to 8 components and 41 extracted codes, strategic conditions are equal to 8 components and 43 codes, and consequential conditions are equal to 5 components and 24 extracted codes. Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the causal factors on the central phenomenon (r=0.84); the central phenomenon on strategic factors (r=0.75); background factors over strategic factors (r=0.29); Interfering factors have a positive and significant effect on strategic factors (r=0.55) and strategic factors on outcome factors (r=0.28) (p≥0.05).Conclusion: The development of university sports can guarantee the health of students and one of the effective factors in the development of sports in the country. Accordingly, the role of universities is important for the development of sports in the country. Identifying the platforms and factors for the development of sports in universities, especially universities of medical sciences, in addition to improving the health of students, improves the social status of students. What seems to be very important and necessary is the formulation of macro goals, policies and implementation strategies of university sports for students of medical sciences universities in a targeted manner and in accordance with the fourth development plan and the comprehensive system of physical education and sports. be the country Finally, by applying this model, we can hope that a tremendous change will be achieved in the field of improving the social status of medical students. Manuscript profile -
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26 - سیر و تطّور اصطلاح عرفانی صبر از ابتدا تا اواخر قرن هشتم
حیدر علی شکاکی -
Open Access Article
27 - پتانسیلیابی جایگاههای سوخت CNG شهر اهواز با استفاده از مدلهای تصمیمگیری و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی
سعید امان پور فرشته شنبه پور -
Open Access Article
28 - Social Status of Women in “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and Zakerato Aljasad Novels
Payman SalehiThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of wom MoreThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of women in Algeria and Iran. The sample subsumed the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and “Zakerato Aljasad”. The research was designed as analytical and descriptive type. The data were collected through library study via reviewing scientific documents with emphasizing on the above mentioned scripts. The data were analyzed by qualative analysis based on descriptive approach. The findings revealed that both authors despite their gender, cultural, social and linguistic differences, could properly and realistically portrayed women’s violated rights images. Some common issues were seen in both novels including forced marriage, domestic work burden, deprivation of education and humiliation of women. Such problems which became major concerns for women was relatively improved by some novel women iconoclasm. In discussion about discriminations, problems such as physical abuse of women by their husbands, women role playing as men, divorce to emancipate of spouse abuse were indeed mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Study of Women's Clothing in the Sixth Century (AH) and its Impact on the Social Status of Women Based on Enamel -Work Pottery Figures
Khadijeh Sharif Kazemi Fakhredin Mohamadian Sayyed Rasool Mousavi HajiThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs on the enamel -work pottery which have been studied based on objective documentation of women's clothing. This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method. To collect data library resources and field studies were used via visiting and examining clay art collections. The rational and methodological study of archaeological evidence, examples of how the clothing of past societies can play an important role in rebuilding their social and cultural system. Archaeological evidence in the middle period of Islam such as paintings and paintings on enamel -work and luster painted potteries could be valuable in recognizing and reflecting the attitudes and influences of social and cultural structures on women's clothes in this period. The results of this study showed that there were several factors in this course such as the type of climate of the region, the pattern of the traditional styles, indigenous styles, and the type of demand for quality and the appearance of clothing has been impressive. The type of women's clothing in this period was proportional to the social atmosphere and the venue in which they would attend. In fact, the themes and types of motifs on the women's clothing of the Seljuk period can represent a part of the culture and position of the women of that period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Women position in Sassanian civilization based on historical and archaeological evidence
Milad BaghsheikhiThe present paper studied is to examine the position of women in Sassanian civilization from the perspective of historical and archaeological evidence. The present research includes women's role in cultural relics from the Sassanian era. The sample studied is the role o MoreThe present paper studied is to examine the position of women in Sassanian civilization from the perspective of historical and archaeological evidence. The present research includes women's role in cultural relics from the Sassanian era. The sample studied is the role of women in cultural materials left over from the Sassanian era based on archaeological evidence. The method was descriptive -analytical. Data collection It was done in the form of a library and through a receipt. And after that, study archeological evidence from the position of women in Sassanian cultural Iran was examined and the information was analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the role of women in the arts related to architecture such as painting, plastering, weaving, mosaic, etc is evident and in terms of political position, women had good power in society and historical sources and archaeological evidence, such as coins, confirm that. On the other hand Finding the image of women among most archeological cultural materials shows that Respect for women and the spread activities of political, economic and etc art Another special of the court and in the hands of royal members But also by improving social laws women have a better position and freedom of action Along with the class society, they were patriarchal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Nima Yoshij's Thoughts On The Position Of Women In Prose
Ahmad Hosseini MakaremThe purpose of this study was to examine NimaYoshij's ideas about women position in his prose. The research statistical universe included all of Nima's prose works, including his letters to his wife, diaries, letters to various individuals, stories, plays, travelogues a MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine NimaYoshij's ideas about women position in his prose. The research statistical universe included all of Nima's prose works, including his letters to his wife, diaries, letters to various individuals, stories, plays, travelogues and memoirs. The research sample was the position of women in his prose works. The research design was descriptive-analytical. To collect data library and note – taking method was implemented based on Nima’s prose books. The findings of the study showed that in the works of Nima's prose, as it is clear from his writings, women did not have a high position and were viewed according to the same traditional and popular thinking; Nima did not admire the appearance of women. In his stories, women were unfaithful lovers, superstitious and imperfect-minded who were humiliated by men and had no social presence. He did not know how to adore them rightfuly, only the loving attitude towards his wife Alieh could be seen in his letters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Women and Family Positions in the Poems of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari
Hosein Salimi Ahmadnoor VahidiThe research was intended to investigate the women and family positions in the poems of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari. The study statistical universe encompassed the poetry works of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari. The sample of the research subsumed the selected verses from th MoreThe research was intended to investigate the women and family positions in the poems of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari. The study statistical universe encompassed the poetry works of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari. The sample of the research subsumed the selected verses from the poems of Sanai and Abul Ala Maari which were selected based on their positive and negative views on the position of women and family. The research was designed with descriptive- analytical method. To analyze and compare the views of two poets on the subject, a sample of the both poets' poems were discussed and analyzed The results indicated that Sanai and Abul Alaa Maari were two famous poets in Persian and Arabic literature who explained and analyzed the position of women more than others. At the same time, there were similar cases in their worldview towards women and the foundation of the family, as well as differences in their thoughts. According to Sana'i point of views, sometimes social poems about women and family were subject to emotions. On the other hand, Maari's thoughts about women and family were not only caused by fleeting feelings, but had been influenced by a kind of deep philosophical despair and pessimism, which had developed in him over many years. Another point was that many of Maari and Sana's comments and insights towards women were influenced by the society and social conditions of their era. And this was more true about Senai. In other words, many of the popular beliefs and opinions of the society about women and family had been effective in the mind and language of these two poets. Manuscript profile -
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33 - The Psychological Status of Women in Islam and Western Civilization Based on the Ideological Paradigm of the Supreme Leader
Ali AhmadpourThe current research was intended to investigate the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The statistical universe of the research included all texts concerning the psychological status MoreThe current research was intended to investigate the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The statistical universe of the research included all texts concerning the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The sample subsumed all topics related to women included in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The research was processed by analytical-descriptive approach. The data was collected via document reviewing and library method through note taking on index cards from printed references concerning the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader and psychology. The data was analyzed by applying content analysis procedure. The results indicated that The family is one of the most important institutions in society, and it provides the strongest foundations for the spiritual and intellectual upbringing of individuals. Within such institution, women play a central role, but Western political and advertising systems seek to undermine their status. According to the Supreme Leader's perspective, Western civilization focuses solely on the sexual and feminine aspects of women while ignoring their human dimension and status. In the West, women are exploited under the guise of freedom, which is a form of slavery and insult to women. In contrast, Islam honors women and considers being a woman a source of pride and glory. Therefore, the Islamic perspective, and consequently that of the Supreme Leader, regards women with a comprehensive view that takes into account both divine values and human logic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effective Factors On The Decline Of Women’s Status After The Demise Of Islam’s Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him)
Soheyla Rostami The aim of this research was to investigate the effective factors on the decline of women’s status after the demise of Islam’s prophet. The research design was analytical-descriptive with library method. The factors included first regression to the ri More The aim of this research was to investigate the effective factors on the decline of women’s status after the demise of Islam’s prophet. The research design was analytical-descriptive with library method. The factors included first regression to the rituals, customs and traditions of ignorance period about woman, such as humiliating women and giving superiority to men. Second, dictatorship and autocracy of some rulers which resulted in the prevalence of immortality and lacking the growth of human virtue and finally vulnerabilities to the women; third, the prevalence of patriarchal thoughts in anticipating the problems about women and interpreting the verses of Quran and Hadiths and narratives in a way of benefitting to men and weakening the women; fourth, mixing Islam culture and foreign culture that had no any value for women and influence of such thoughts into Muslims; fifth, prevalence of extremism and fanaticism in society and prohibiting women’s cooperation in different social areas and even going to mosque; sixth, instrumental view to women as a tool for fun, entertainment and abuse; seventh, inattention to education of women and restricting them inside a house and depriving them from education and obtaining knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Red pen about Women
Sayedeh Saeedeh SanjariSince long ago, there was a thick wall to separate the women`s personality and position in poetry. It is noteworthy to know that in the ancient culture of our territory, there was another firm custom in women` quotation, except imagery, which was the poet`s pen. The tre MoreSince long ago, there was a thick wall to separate the women`s personality and position in poetry. It is noteworthy to know that in the ancient culture of our territory, there was another firm custom in women` quotation, except imagery, which was the poet`s pen. The tremendous part of our country`s literature included poetical works. The title of this article is too general and there are many related topics about it. According to poets` opinion, there always seems a kind of duality in this matter; that is contradiction between good and bad. This way of thinking is the cornerstone and the foundation of the religious thought that keeps the poets minds busy. To the extent that in some poetical works of great poets like Ferdowsi, splendor and braveness of women like Gordafarid was portrayed, but on the other hand, some exaggerated role of dishonoring against women had been propounded. The excessive view of some poets toward women has been considered in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investing the Relationship between Parental Media Literacy and Socio-Economic Status with Motivation for Secondary School Student's Academic Achievement
Shirin Soleymani Badiozaman Makki Ale Agha Aladdin Etemad AhariThis study aimed to Investigating the Relationship between Parental Media Literacy and Socio-Economic Status with Motivation for Secondary School Students` Academic Achievement in Tehran city was done in 1395-96. The study is the practical purpose and information gather MoreThis study aimed to Investigating the Relationship between Parental Media Literacy and Socio-Economic Status with Motivation for Secondary School Students` Academic Achievement in Tehran city was done in 1395-96. The study is the practical purpose and information gathering is descriptive, correlational. The statistical society includes the whole female Secondary School Students in Tehran. They were about 50707. To determine the size of the sample using Morgan table and with multi-stage cluster sampling and 380 person were selected. Tools to measure in this research are academic achievement motivation questionnaire (1987), Media literacy questionnaire (kansidine, 2008), and socio-economic status (SES), which after gathering data, data analysis using SPSS, AMOS, and LISREL soft wares were performed. For investigating questionnaire`s Factor Structure, Confirmatory factor analysis, for investigating of research questions, and the relationship among variables of Media literacy and socio-economic status with academic achievement motivation, path Analysis Method were used. The result of correlation between Media literacy and socio-economic status with academic achievement motivation showed that all correlation coefficients are calculated at the alpha level of 0.01 are meaningful (p<0.01). Correlation coefficients among Media literacy and socio-economic status with academic achievement motivation components were positive. The positive coefficients obtained indicate a direct relationship between the variables. So it is concluded that with increasing parental Media literacy and socio-economic, student`s academic achievement motivation will also increase. Manuscript profile -
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37 - The Study of Feminine Status in the Works of Simin Daneshvar, Fereshteh Molavai and RaziehTojjar
Shahrooz Jamali Sayedeh Roya SajadiThe perception of social condition derived from the literature and letter can conduct the researchers to achieve an imbibition beyond the formal and prominent viewpoints of society. Being one of the most significant tools in the perception of social status, the literatu MoreThe perception of social condition derived from the literature and letter can conduct the researchers to achieve an imbibition beyond the formal and prominent viewpoints of society. Being one of the most significant tools in the perception of social status, the literature has been analyzed in this study to reveal the social role and status of women; accordingly, three feminine authors have been chosen, i.e. Simin Danshvar; RaziehTojjar and Fereshteh Molaviwhose their works have been studied in this contribution. Women in the works of Daneshvar are assumed to have a more socially active role in comparison to those of other authors. Contrarily, women in Tojar ‘books are believed to be the traditional women with partially persistent dissatisfaction, indicating surrendered wife without any will, power and authorization. More obviously, the independent and single-minded women can be inferred from the works by Daneshvar, having some social roles in addition to those of housekeeping and efforts to improve and modify their status and society. Several socially-oriented women are observed in the works of Molavi, indicating an interstitial social status of women in relation to those by Danashvar and Tojjrar Manuscript profile -
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38 - Pronominal clitics in Sorani Kurdish: interaction With Perpositions
Batool Alinezhad Sadiq Mohammadi bolbolan AbadThe complement of a preposition in Sorani Kurdish dialects can generally be realized either as a syntactic it or a bound personal morpheme (Cliticization). However, the clitic realization of the complement gives rise to a range of specific phenomena. First, Kurdish prep MoreThe complement of a preposition in Sorani Kurdish dialects can generally be realized either as a syntactic it or a bound personal morpheme (Cliticization). However, the clitic realization of the complement gives rise to a range of specific phenomena. First, Kurdish prepositions display two different forms depending on the realization of their complement: the variant combining with a syntactic item is referred to as ‘simple’, while the variant combining with a clitic is called ‘absolute’. The clitic complement can have a non-local realization, moving in two directions. In a past transitive construction, the clitic moves to the right and occurs on the verb as ‘verbal personal ending’. With verbs in the present tenses, the clitic can attach to the right edge of the constituent that immediately precedes as second position clitics and define VP as the domain of their realization. Klavans P1 is able to characterize it properly. Manuscript profile -
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39 - Site selection of Optimum Positions of CNG Fuel Supply Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) In Line With Sustainable Urban Development Policy (Case Study: Ahvaz City)
Parisa Shabani Soolmaz DashtiUrban growth and urban development have created many problems for cities, and Site selection of urban services can be effective in regulating the functioning of cities in large measure. The network of fuel stations is a municipal service, which acts as a fuel supplier t MoreUrban growth and urban development have created many problems for cities, and Site selection of urban services can be effective in regulating the functioning of cities in large measure. The network of fuel stations is a municipal service, which acts as a fuel supplier to the urban transport sector and in turn is important for traffic considerations, urbanization, safety and environmental issues. In this study, at first, 18 criteria in three socio-economic, physical, technical and operational environments were selected as effective criteria. Then the spatial data became standard in the GIS environment and turned into new information layers. Each of the criteria and sub-criteria were weighed in terms of their importance in site selection of optimum positions of CNG fuel supply through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) process, and after integrating the weighted layers, the map of the optimum location areas for CNG fuel was produced. According to the results 48.58% of the area, it has the potential to build the CNG fuel supply location. Also, of the 8 CNG and dual fuel stations in Ahvaz, only 2 stations with suitable conditions are located in the north of zone 2. 3 stations in completely inappropriate areas, 2 stations in inappropriate areas and 2 positions in the middle areas. As a result, it can be argued that Ahvaz has a high potential for building Fuel station, but with a lack of site selection of CNG fuel, which can be solved with proper management and appropriate allocation of funds for the implementation of site selection design projects for CNG fuel and it is possible to take steps in the direction of rural sustainable development policy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The effect of educational institutions on improving the status of women in the Qajar period
Fatemeh Mahbob AliAsghar Davoudi hamid saidi javadiThe status of women in the Qajar period was such that they were deprived of the smallest social, economic, cultural and political rights and were under severe restrictions caused by the patriarchal society. One of the most important reasons that put women in that situat MoreThe status of women in the Qajar period was such that they were deprived of the smallest social, economic, cultural and political rights and were under severe restrictions caused by the patriarchal society. One of the most important reasons that put women in that situation was illiteracy, lack of awareness and lack of communication with society. For this reason, one of the first measures taken by modern women was the construction of girls' schools and efforts to educate girls and women. Although the establishment of girls' schools in that environment was met with protest and reaction from the traditional society, but gradually, especially after the constitutional revolution, it spread and had beneficial effects on the status of women. The aim of the current research is to investigate the results and consequences of the establishment and gradual expansion of educational institutions on the status of women at this stage. Therefore, the question is, what effect did educational institutions have on the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that educational institutions, including girls' schools, have caused literacy and, as a result, the growth of awareness, change of attitude and efforts to play a greater role for women in society. The findings of the research show that the submissive and undemanding women of the Qajar period, upon entering the Pahlavi period, turned into demanding women who raised demands such as the right to enter society and employment. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and the data were collected in a library manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Analyzing the components of brand positioning in the minds of Muslim consumers
moslem rezaie Seyyed Hassan Hataminasab shahnaz nayebzadehPurpose: The increasing number of Muslims and the need to adapt and match the products with the preferences of Muslim consumers, requires the identification of brand positioning components for this type of consumers, which has not been studied in this important issue by MorePurpose: The increasing number of Muslims and the need to adapt and match the products with the preferences of Muslim consumers, requires the identification of brand positioning components for this type of consumers, which has not been studied in this important issue by reviewing the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the components of brand positioning in the minds of Muslim consumers. Methodology: This research is based on the purpose of applied and descriptive research, and according to the implementation method for searching and selecting scientific articles, a systematic review of the research literature was considered and the components were extracted with the technique of qualitative content analysis. All articles related to brand positioning and branding for Muslim consumers were searched, collected and qualitatively evaluated from the Scopus citation database and Google Scholar. Finally, 17 articles were qualitatively analyzed using Max Qda software. Findings: The findings of this research show that the components of price, quality, service, consumer preferences, distribution channel and sources of competitive advantage of the company have been studied as components of brand positioning in the minds of Muslim consumers in the research literature. Conclusion: The components of brand positioning should be adapted and appropriate according to the level of commitment and dependence of Muslim consumers of each country and region to Islam. be more focused. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Environmental management of water resources and environmental issues with a view to the Urmia Lake
سعید SHafaei Sa SHafaei کیانا KiarostamiIn terms of water quantity and quality is the most important part of an ecosystem. Reduced both the quantity andquality of water in a large negative impact on ecosystems and biodiversity threaten leaving Natural food sourcesand effects on organisms and causes irreparabl MoreIn terms of water quantity and quality is the most important part of an ecosystem. Reduced both the quantity andquality of water in a large negative impact on ecosystems and biodiversity threaten leaving Natural food sourcesand effects on organisms and causes irreparable damage, Knowledge and information about water rights and theapplication of specific rules to regulate the management macro environment seems essential. Therefore, based onthis study on the lake among the largest watershed of the country is carried out in terms of locationgeographically in northwestern Iran between East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan longitude 44 degrees 14minutes to 47 degrees 53 minutes east and 35 degrees 40 minutes north latitude to 38 degrees and 30 minutes islocatedThe main reasons for studies on slow dry lake-level changes in temperature and precipitation in theregion of 79-83 were studiedAnd consequently the rate of temperature change is not so drastic drop in waterlevel can cause dry lakes and rainfall of 79-83 years of upward growthDuring the same period, but the waterlevel of the lake has suffered a significant drop. Check water level fluctuations indicates that in 1346 the lowestlevel to the height of 1273/86 (m) free water level is reached, If the water level over the past thirteen years to1272/00 (m) about 6/20 mm reduced. In the present study, we believe that the gradual construction of 72 damscatchment basins with the average rate 4/5 billion cubic meters, the lake provides a huge change. Other factors,such as dam construction, the double-pass martyr station in front of the natural cycle of water under stirring thenatural order of living plant material suspended in the water cycle, the water creates many changes in theecosystem. The indiscriminate digging of the wells during the past seventeen years (91-74) of approximately 650thousand to 336 thousand Ring has increased among the factors that makes it believe that responsible decisionsin the coming years factors inland lake with a rejectUndoubtedly, completely separate the lake into northern andsouthern even completely dry lake will follow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Examining and comparing the ways of representing the social position of "female characters" in the short story 20
نجمه najmeh alireza shabanlu Abdolhossein FarzadFictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of re MoreFictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of realism in the heart and text of the stories. The main reason for this approach in fiction literature is the political and social structure and conditions that govern Iran. The present study tries to answer the main question in a descriptive-analytical way, that according to the realist view that prevailed in the short story in the twenties, what image did the male writers draw of "woman" and her "social position" at this historical moment? are The statistical population of this research is the short stories written by Ebrahim Golestan, Bozor Alavi and Mahmoud Etemadzadeh in this decade. The findings of the research show that "female" characters in these stories are often mentioned as secondary characters and their processing method is in a way that is related to other characters. It seems that none of the "female" characters are directly introduced in these stories and their "actions", "thoughts" and "speech" are the main tools of the authors. They are to introduce these characters to the reader. These women have different names; but they have common characteristics that they are condemned to suffer and finally surrender due to economic, cultural and political anomalies. In general, although these "women" have been represented differently in some cases; the overall picture presented of them under the influence of the realistic view of short story writers in the twenties has many points in common with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - A comparative study of the social position of women in the short stories of the 20s from the perspective of the experimental role of language in the Halidi role-oriented approach "focusing on the short stories of Bozor Alavi, Ebrahim Golestan, Mahmoud Etemadzadeh and Jalal Al-Ahmad"
najmeh Hashemi Alireza shabanloo Abdolhosein FarzadRole-oriented linguistics emphasizes that language is a "social tool" and deals with those human actions that refer to the transfer of meaning with the help of language. Halidi considers language as a system of lexical choices that the speaker uses at three levels accor MoreRole-oriented linguistics emphasizes that language is a "social tool" and deals with those human actions that refer to the transfer of meaning with the help of language. Halidi considers language as a system of lexical choices that the speaker uses at three levels according to the context of the situation. Language is formed according to social needs and the surrounding environment and organizes meaning. This language function is called "Franqash" in role-oriented linguistics. The trans-roles of language are: the trans-role of thoughts, which is used for reading and analyzing the text; interpersonal trans-role whose purpose is to initiate or promote relationships to influence the behavior of others, express opinions, modify or change them; Transtextual role that has the task of adapting the message according to other textual and extratextual factors. The current research tries to answer these questions in a descriptive-analytical way, according to the statistical community of the research, what is the function of each of the linguistic processes in the textual structure of the short stories of the 20s? And according to the fundamentals raised in the intellectual role and the realist point of view governing short stories in the twenties, what image of "woman" and "her social position" have been drawn by male writers at this historical moment? Emphasizing on its "realistic and realistic character", short story literature has always sought to define a place for the presence of women and also free itself from gender restrictions and patriarchal readings. The findings of the research indicate that Bozor Alavi, Ebrahim Golestan, Mahmoud Etemadzadeh and Jalal Al-Ahmad each used different types of linguistic processes in the textual structure of their short stories to depict the positive social status of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Urban Situation and Architecture of the Historical Market of Zanjan
Mohammad Bahramzadeh Seyed Ali Asghar Mir FattahAs one of the largest markets in Iran and the most important socio-economic center of Zanjan province and in the shape of a beating heart in the old urban context, Zanjan market has played a privileged role in organizing the livelihood and religious affairs of the local MoreAs one of the largest markets in Iran and the most important socio-economic center of Zanjan province and in the shape of a beating heart in the old urban context, Zanjan market has played a privileged role in organizing the livelihood and religious affairs of the local people. Although the performance of this important part of the historical context has changed sometimes due to unavoidable social reasons and sometimes due to the imprudence of the planners of different urban eras and cultural and social transformations, but still apart from the significant number of urban dwellers, a large number of residents and villages around Zanjan have also benefited from its diverse and continuous services. The building mass and existing spaces, the existence of hierarchy and spatial structure, from the main streets to the public buildings in the vicinity of the streets, including mosques, baths, water reservoirs, houses and shopping centers (Timcheh), and the function of the market from the Qajar era to today are the characteristics of this valuable national work. Further, the effects of modern urban developments are well evident in the transformation of part of the functions of the old market. In this way, Zanjan market can be considered as one of the most alive and dynamic traditional markets in the world, which has preserved its vitality and life in interaction with contemporary urban developments and modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The rise and fall of Gizilbash in Safavid era
ramin yaghmaeiGizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions , in fact they were Military bases of safavid government , but they also caused ma MoreGizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions , in fact they were Military bases of safavid government , but they also caused many problems for government . Gizilbash were mentally Shiite sofi became orthodoxy Shiite missionaries of twelvefolds , so Safavid kings made more economical benefits for them thus Gizilbash became one of the powerful social classes of Safavid era . Shah Abbas I , one of the greatest king of safavid dynasty hit the knockdown blow to their chiefs because of mistrust to this class ; this policy was one of the reasons of safavid government decline and followed by the next Safavid kings. Although the mentional reason is represented one of the reasons of Safavids decline so far in many books and articles but this topic hasn’t dealt with seperatly yet. In this article we try to deal with peak and decline of Gizilbash class economically with existing references. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Comparison of women social situation in three travelogues written during Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy (1848-1896)
sedighe bayat shahrbano delbari taherh azimzadeh yosef motevaliSocial situation of women was one of the considerable subjects for those who wrote books about their travels to Iran during Naser-al-Din Shah period. There was an increase in the number of travels between Iran the Europe in fifty years of Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy and MoreSocial situation of women was one of the considerable subjects for those who wrote books about their travels to Iran during Naser-al-Din Shah period. There was an increase in the number of travels between Iran the Europe in fifty years of Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy and Mary Sheil (wife of British minister of foreign affairs) and Eduard Jakob Polak (Austrian medicine) were two of people who travelled to Iran at that time. They wrote about their observations in Iran which contains valuable information of women situation during Naser-al-Din shah period because they had the opportunity to visit Mahd-e-Olia (shah's mother), Ezat-al-Dole (Shah's sister) and other court women. Naser-al-Din Shah was the first Iranian king who had three trips to the Europe and wrote books about his observations. What he wrote about physical properties of European women and their sexual features, motivates many researchers to explore this type of behavior. In the present research, we studied social-familial situation of Iranian women reflected in Sheil and Polak travelogues, and compared them with Naserl-al-Din Shah's observations in his west travelogue. This is done based on a descriptive-analytical method based on the original resources (Sheil, Polak and Naser-al-Din Shah). Results clarified that Polak's occupation (as a medicine) enabled him to represent more information about Iranian women situation. Sheil and Polak both considered social problems of Iranian women, however Naser-al-Din Shah rather focused on physical and sexual properties of women compared to their social situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Impact of Women's Organizations and Associations on Promoting the Status of Women in Qajar Society
Fatemeh Mahbob AliAsghar Davoudi Hamid saeedijavadiDuring the Qajar period, women in traditional and patriarchal societies had the lowest level of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West rela MoreDuring the Qajar period, women in traditional and patriarchal societies had the lowest level of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. To this end, women established several educational and civic institutions, such as girls' schools and women's associations and publications, to educate women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations and organizations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations and organizations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that these associations and organizations improved the social and political status of women at this time by raising awareness, changing attitudes and identifying women. The research shows that these associations have increased the awareness, change the attitude and demand of a large number of women by establishing several girls' schools, holding meetings and gatherings, establishing a magazine and raising awareness among women and have provided the conditions and Introduction for their entry into the community. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Impact of Women's Associations and Organizations on Promoting the Status of Women in Qajar Society
Fateme Mahbob Aliasghar davoodi Hamid Saeedi Javadisocial, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's righ Moresocial, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. To this end, women established several educational and civic institutions, such as girls' schools and women's associations and publications, to educate women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations and organizations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations and organizations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that these associations and organizations improved the social and political status of women at this time by raising awareness, changing attitudes and identifying women. The research shows that these associations have increased the awareness, change the attitude and demand of a large number of women by establishing several girls' schools, holding meetings and gatherings, establishing a magazine and raising awareness among women and have provided the conditions and Introduction for their entry into the community. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Impact of Women's Organizations and Associations on Promoting the Status of Women in Society (Qajar )
Fatemeh Mahboob AliAsghar Davoudi Hamid saeedijavadiDuring the Qajar period, women in a traditional and patriarchal society had the least amount of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the constitutional revolution and the expansion of relations between Iran and the West caused some intellectu MoreDuring the Qajar period, women in a traditional and patriarchal society had the least amount of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the constitutional revolution and the expansion of relations between Iran and the West caused some intellectual and progressive women to think of asserting women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. For this purpose, women started to establish educational and civic institutions such as girls' schools, associations and women's publications in order to inform women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The current research has proposed the hypothesis that these associations improved the social and political status of women through the development of awareness, change of attitude and giving identity to women. The results of the research show that these associations, by establishing several girls' schools, creating meetings and gatherings, and establishing a publication, have increased the number of literates, increased awareness, changed the attitude and demands of a large number of women, and have provided the prerequisites and conditions for their entry into society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Religious performance in the Timurid period and its impact on Sadat's position
yusof zohorianDue to their association with the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Sadat was always respected by the general public in the Islamic society and had a special dignity in the eyes of both Sunni and Shia people apart from the political behavior the governments. With the emergence of th MoreDue to their association with the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Sadat was always respected by the general public in the Islamic society and had a special dignity in the eyes of both Sunni and Shia people apart from the political behavior the governments. With the emergence of the Timuri dynasty in Iran, Sadat enjoyed a special position and dignity during the Timuri era. In every city of Diyar Sadat, they were safe from the attacks of the Timuri troops. Timur gave many favors Sadat and they were pampered by him. He called the nobles of Sadat to his court, and some religious positions such as Sadarat, niqab, and judging were assigned to them. Sadat's way Timur's court caused them to enjoy a lot of dignity. After Timur, Sadat lost his position and authority to a certain extent, but some Timuri rulers such as Shahrukh and Sultan Hussein, in the continuation of Timur's career, paid attention to Sadat and used them in court affairs. Sadat's presence in the Timurid court caused some Shiites to start efforts, which resulted in the expansion and growth of Shiism in Iran. This research tries to analyze the role of Sadat in the expansionShiism, the duties and consequences their performance in the Teymuri period, using a descriptive analytical method and a historical approach, relying on library studies. The findings of the research show that Sadat provided the conditions for the promotion of Shiism by establishing relations and converging with Timuri political rulers and gaining their support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The rise and fall of Gizilbash in Safavid era
Ramin YalfaniGizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions , in fact they were Military bases of safavid government , but they also caused MoreGizilbash rose as tribes at the beginning of Safavid rising in Azerbaijan then immediately dispersed in almost every region in Iran. They attained powerful social and economical positions , in fact they were Military bases of safavid government , but they also caused many problems for government . Gizilbash were mentally Shiite sofi became orthodoxy Shiite missionaries of twelvefolds , so Safavid kings made more economical benefits for them thus Gizilbash became one of the powerful social classes of Safavid era . Shah Abbas I , one of the greatest king of safavid dynasty hit the knockdown blow to their chiefs because of mistrust to this class ; this policy was one of the reasons of safavid government decline and followed by the next Safavid kings. Although the mentional reason is represented one of the reasons of Safavids decline so far in many books and articles but this topic hasn’t dealt with seperatly yet. In this article we try to deal with peak and decline of Gizilbash class economically with existing references. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Presenting a Model for Evaluating and Ranking Fuel Stations Based on AHP Approach
Payam Hanafizade Seyyed Hassan Mousavi Mohammad Amin NayebiIn this article, an evaluating model for ranking the fuel stations of N.I.O.P.D.C. is presented. The model was formulated based on one of MCDM techniques known as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). More specifically, initially, we conducted a survey through administeri MoreIn this article, an evaluating model for ranking the fuel stations of N.I.O.P.D.C. is presented. The model was formulated based on one of MCDM techniques known as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). More specifically, initially, we conducted a survey through administering a questionnaire to experts in order to identify the criteria for evaluating fuel stations. Then, we determined criteria weights using a questionnaire on the basis of AHP standard. We used a rating scale instead of direct pair wise comparisons among alternatives so that we could overcome the explosion in the number of required comparisons when the number of alternatives is excessively large. Then, we calculated global Weights of every criterion in each level and after that considering assigned rates by evaluators to every fuel station, the scores of every fuel station was eventually calculated. All of weights were calculated and run using EC software. To test the presented model, we evaluated four stations in Zanjan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Optimization the layout of filling station by simulation in queue theory
Sadegh Abedi Reza Radfar Naser HamidiEnergy and fuel crisis and magnified demands for fuel consumption caused varies challenges in the word. With19889 million liter annual consumption of gasoline, according to international reports, Iran is the tenth country in the word. In recent years, tremendous increas MoreEnergy and fuel crisis and magnified demands for fuel consumption caused varies challenges in the word. With19889 million liter annual consumption of gasoline, according to international reports, Iran is the tenth country in the word. In recent years, tremendous increases in fuel prices brought optimization and management of fuel consumption into the limelight. In this paper we are trying to maximize the capacity of filling stations and to elevate customer’s satisfaction through modeling these stations. Queue theory and simulation are instruments that we used in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The relationship between service quality organizations with customer satisfaction in mind the position of the private banks
Masoome Shahri Sahar Shahri Solmaz Rahbar Farzami HaghThe study population comprised all employees of private banks in Fars province, the number of 302 persons were selected using stratified random sampling. The instrument used in this research: a questionnaire quality of service and position of the mind of the customer. T MoreThe study population comprised all employees of private banks in Fars province, the number of 302 persons were selected using stratified random sampling. The instrument used in this research: a questionnaire quality of service and position of the mind of the customer. To analyze the data collected was analyzed using Spearman correlation and Kendal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - A Survey of the Status of Womenin the Works ofElia Abu Mazi (1889-1957)
Ali Asghar Azizpour ShirfurooshA survey of Elia Abu Mazi’s poetry displays the developing process of the portrait of women in a historical perspective. This paper attempts to study the status of women in Abu Mazi’s poetry, using a descriptive and library method. Elia Abu Mazi documented v MoreA survey of Elia Abu Mazi’s poetry displays the developing process of the portrait of women in a historical perspective. This paper attempts to study the status of women in Abu Mazi’s poetry, using a descriptive and library method. Elia Abu Mazi documented various events in his poems including occupation, invitation to emigration, liberalism, social and political reformation, freedom of speech and action, the role of women and the national uprisings. Abu Mazi’s poetry mirrors the major events and the problems in the lives of people, and promotes freedom and justice. Abu Mazi never overlooked the status of women in his poetry. In Abu Mazi’s poems, a woman takes on different roles such as the imaginary lady, a spouse, mother and sister and the social woman. The results show that Abu Mazi piously viewed the women who are the means of happiness and certitude. Abu Mazi’s poetry implies that women lead human beings towards self-awareness and knowing God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - A comparative study of the role and function of fathers in family and satisfaction of their situation
Zahra Ghasemi Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence f More Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence fathers' disapproval of his role in the family. The research is descriptive and explanatory and 500 fathers living in Tehran with at least one child who are not married were interviewed. Sampling method is classification of probability and the theoretical framework of the study has been developed in three levels of median, macro and micro. Using a Durkheim, Weber and Marx theories the following variables are studied: changing in division of labor, father’s dependency to parents, changing of father’s practical tasks, generational differences between father and children, educational, age and job differences between women and men, patriarchy, the power of women. In micro sociological level, allegiance of women and the father’s assumption of his role in family are recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Place and origin of mental and political elites in Iran between two revolutions (the years 1285 to 1357), and the role of government (court) in it
Amir Khoshhal Samad AbediniThe goal of this article is to study the place and origin of mental and political elites after seventy years of constitution whether formallyor informally and define the role of governor power in this place. MoreThe goal of this article is to study the place and origin of mental and political elites after seventy years of constitution whether formallyor informally and define the role of governor power in this place. In the past our society was autocracied, back warded and trible in which king and his confidants werein charge of everything and people were uneducated and masses and elites were influenced by both of them, but in the late nineteenth century injustice by governors on people got intensified , import of foreign goods stopped internal goods to flourish, economic concession to foreigners increased, the cost of travelling abroad by kings increased and other cases provided the way for mental crises in the brain of society elites which led to constitutional revolution in Iran. Generally, the place and origin of mental and political elites in seventy years of constitution were: 1. Most governor elites were from upper class and related to court and were among court confidents. 2. Most elites of this era (especially parliament members) were from landlords and employees (Divansalaran) and spirituals. 3. Most political elites and somehow mental elites were land lords. 4. Most mental and political elites of this era were freemasonry members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The evolution of philosophical views on the place of man in government
Saadullah Ebrahimi Ahmadabad Seyed Mustafa Abtahi Mustafa KawakbianThe relationship between the people and the government and the role of the people in the government are among the issues raised in political philosophy. In this research, philosophical views on the position of the people in government have been studied and specifically MoreThe relationship between the people and the government and the role of the people in the government are among the issues raised in political philosophy. In this research, philosophical views on the position of the people in government have been studied and specifically representatives of philosophical views from ancient times to the modern period have been researched. The results of this study show that the share and position of people in the philosophical views of antiquity and the Middle Ages is limited. In ancient times, the role of the people was not recognized as a group with rights or political will. This thinking has continued in the Middle Ages. In the modern era, for the first time, people are clearly beyond the group for whom the government has educational duties or overpowers; They appear in political philosophy, and concepts such as social contract for Hobbes and fiduciary for Locke present government as the manifestation of the collective will of the people. Hobbes prescribes a kind of absolute government, Locke gives originality to individuality, and presents the state as the agent of the people. Weber is also based on the three forms of authority, and the relationship between government and people is accepted in his thought as a form of authority. But Kant, by focusing on the position of man in government and the characteristics he names for it, considers the republican government to be the only legitimate government in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Lawful Status of Directors in Stocks Companies of Iran & England Jurisprudence & Law
Javad NiknezhadRecognizing the lawful status of directors in companies is important for determining of director’s choices of business companies. This importance not only affects on theoretical aspect but also has effect on third persons of transaction parties and companies. Lawy MoreRecognizing the lawful status of directors in companies is important for determining of director’s choices of business companies. This importance not only affects on theoretical aspect but also has effect on third persons of transaction parties and companies. Lawyers and jurists always discuss about this issue. Based on an opinion, directors of business company are lawyers of that company but there is another opinion which says that company directors are deputy of that company and finally some jurists know directors as an element of company elements. In this article, the author analyses these opinions by referring to article 17,118,135,588 and etc and comparing them in Iran and England jurisprudence and law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Role of Market Orientation in Improving Brand Performance in the International Markets
Ahmad Asadzadeh Mina Asiyaban rezaye Mahnaz TahoniGlobalization and competitiveness in the international markets have urged companies to encounter new challenges. Now, it is necessary that organizations understand the characteristics of global markets and customers. They also need to adapt their brands to different cul MoreGlobalization and competitiveness in the international markets have urged companies to encounter new challenges. Now, it is necessary that organizations understand the characteristics of global markets and customers. They also need to adapt their brands to different cultures in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. On this basis, understanding the relationship between market orientation and brand performance helps achieve greater competitive advantage and success. The present paper investigates the direct effect of market orientation on international brand performance. It also studies the indirect effect on international branding through brand oriention and brand repositioning. To this end, the top 100 branded manufacturing companies in Iran have been surveyed. The results of the Spearman correlation, multiple regressions and path analysis indicate a significant and direct as well as indirect effect of market orientation on the brand performance. Also, the significant effect of international branding as the intermediate variable was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Optimum Location of Fuel Stations (CNG) Using fuzzy and AHP (Case Study: Zanjan)
Akbar Hosseinzadeh Manijeh Ahmadi Samira Moradi Mofrad Maryam GhasemiWith the increased use of engine vehicles and location discussion to these vehicles fuel stations in cities were considered. To inadequate spatial distribution of natural gas fuel stations in cities such problems that preoccupied the minds of many researchers have urban MoreWith the increased use of engine vehicles and location discussion to these vehicles fuel stations in cities were considered. To inadequate spatial distribution of natural gas fuel stations in cities such problems that preoccupied the minds of many researchers have urban issues. Location of the most important factors is the location of a CNG station and to earn more income for them and provide better services for users with minimum costs possible. Research Methodology In terms of purpose and in terms of methodology descriptive - analytical is Data were collected from a library of included studies and documents have benefited. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the current situation Distribution centers and fuel stations Evaluation locating these positions in Zanjan using GIS and modeling phase AHP In line with the the fair distribution of services And promote the welfare of society and Citizens are. Results indicate that CNG fuel stations in the city compared to other compatible land uses in proper condition for observance of privacy in general, have not been. In one sense, in terms of proportional distribution of places in the city Also same is not proportional to population of nodes. Therefore, it is required that at least for the proper location in the city will be built in the future that occur or mobile CNG stations in order to compensate for these shortcomings is necessary Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Ranking Gas Stations from the Citizenships’ Viewpoints Using the Vikor Model (A Case Study of Eastern Part of Ahvaz Metropolis)
reza shooshtari Abbas MaroofnezhadWith the population increase in the cities of Iran, especially in the big cities, the demand for public services has increased too. Also, the need to use cars and, consequently, to create multiple gas stations has been increased more than ever before. Despite the fact t MoreWith the population increase in the cities of Iran, especially in the big cities, the demand for public services has increased too. Also, the need to use cars and, consequently, to create multiple gas stations has been increased more than ever before. Despite the fact that Iran is the second largest natural gas supplier in the world, it has long enjoyed the use and export of gas and diesel as the two most commonly fuel used for vehicles in most countries of the world. Given the difference in production capacity and gas consumption in the country, a large part of this fuel is supplied from abroad, which puts a lot of financial burden on buying, transportation and distribution at fuel terminals of the country's economy. The present study is objective as far as its objective is regarded and the method used in this study is a descriptive-analytical one. Using documentary resources and field surveys, a questionnaire consisting of 11 gas stations located in the eastern part of Ahvaz with seven indicators was designed and the stations were analyzed using the Vikor technique. The results of the study showed that among the stations, the position of gas station with Qi zero was ranked first and the position of the gas station of five companies with Qi 0.931 ranked the 11th or the last one. Therefore, in order to achieve spatial distribution and establish a relative balance in the distribution of services, measures should be taken to strengthen and increase the level of these seven indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - بررسی جایگاه سیاسی و فرهنگی ایرانیان با تأکید بردو دورۀ خلافت اموی و عباسی
دکتر زهرا الهویی نظری دکتر فریبا پات -
Open Access Article
65 - Typing of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from row meat of poultry and livestock using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Marziyeh Tavakol Hassan Momtaz Parviz Mohajeri Leili Shokoohizadeh Elahe TajbakhshAcinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains with multiple drug resistance are mainly opportunistic pathogens in the development of hospital infections and as an emerging contaminant in livestock-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resis MoreAcinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains with multiple drug resistance are mainly opportunistic pathogens in the development of hospital infections and as an emerging contaminant in livestock-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and genotyping of this bacterium strains in raw meat of poultry and livestock. 22 strains isolated from raw meat were tested by multi-locus sequence typing and simple disk diffusion methods. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed to tetracycline with 90.9% and the least antibiotic resistance was azithromycin and imipenem with 9.09%. Five strains were identified as non-typing isolates in 22 isolates of A. baumannii. Five genetic profiles (Sequence Types=ST) including ST15, ST10, ST12, ST25, ST25 were identified. Identifying the acceptable level of genetic variation among isolates using the MLST technique indicates that this method is considered as a useful method in the study and typing of Acinetobacter spp. strains and can be strains isolated from different origins in different groups. In this study, it was found that by sequencing of house-keeping genes, it is possible to typing of Acinetobacter spp. strains, and this amount of polymorphism indicates that this technique is a useful method for analyzing the genetic diversity of A. baumannii strains is a source of animal origin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - .
امیر عزیزان خاور قربانی شهباز محسنی -
Open Access Article
67 - کاربرد ایزوتوپ پایدار در علم تغذیه حیوانات
و. جعفری م. جعفری ل. روسی ا. کالیتزا م.ل. کوستانتینیکاربرد نتایج حاصل از آنالیز ایزوتوپ­های پایدار (SIA) در تحقیقات کشاورزی، اکولوژی و به طور کلی در برخی رشته­ها مانند زیست­شناسی، گیاه­شناسی، جانورشناسی، شیمی آلی، اقلیم شناسی و تغذیه، به یک رویکرد علمی استاندارد تبدیل شده است. اهداف اصلی این مقاله عبارتند Moreکاربرد نتایج حاصل از آنالیز ایزوتوپ­های پایدار (SIA) در تحقیقات کشاورزی، اکولوژی و به طور کلی در برخی رشته­ها مانند زیست­شناسی، گیاه­شناسی، جانورشناسی، شیمی آلی، اقلیم شناسی و تغذیه، به یک رویکرد علمی استاندارد تبدیل شده است. اهداف اصلی این مقاله عبارتند از: (١) ارائه یک تعریف ساده از ایزوتوپ­های پایدار و (٢) بیان روش­های اندازه­گیری تحلیلی و کاربردهای عمومی ایزوتوپ­های پایدار در تغذیه حیوانات. ایزوتوپ­های پایدار کربن (13Cδ) و نیتروژن (15Nδ) ابزارهای قدرتمندی برای ارزیابی اولویت تغذیه­ای موجودات و جایگاه تغذیه­ای آنها هستند. همچنین ایزوتوپ­های پایدار در ارتباط با مدل­های مخلوط بایزین (Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models)، توضیح ارتباطات تغذیه­ای بین گونه­ها و سپس شبکه­های غذایی پیچیده را ممکن می­سازند. داده­های ایزوتوپ پایدار باید با داده­های رژیم­های غذایی مرتبط با رفتارهای تغذیه­ای تکمیل شوند تا قادر به ارائه اطلاعات دقیق انتقال انرژی یا مواد مغذی باشند. امروزه، آنالیز ایزوتوپ­های پایدار جهت پرداختن به رژیم­های غذایی حیوانات و انسان در سراسر جهان مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - ارزیابی پرورش بوقلمون در مناطق روستایی ایالت کوارا، نیجریه
O.J. Amao K.L. Ayorinde T.R. Fayeyeبرای به دست آوردن اطلاعات از 132 پرورش دهنده بوقلمون به صورت تصادفی و در دو منطقه از مناطق چهارگانه توسعه کشاورزی در ایالت کاوارا در نیجریه، از روش ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی (PRAT) استفاده شد. اطلاعات مربوط به وضعیت اجتماعی و شغلی پرورش دهندگان، اهداف تولید آنها، تجربه، س Moreبرای به دست آوردن اطلاعات از 132 پرورش دهنده بوقلمون به صورت تصادفی و در دو منطقه از مناطق چهارگانه توسعه کشاورزی در ایالت کاوارا در نیجریه، از روش ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی (PRAT) استفاده شد. اطلاعات مربوط به وضعیت اجتماعی و شغلی پرورش دهندگان، اهداف تولید آنها، تجربه، ساختار گله، شیوههای مدیریت، بازاریابی و مصرف تخم بوقلمون به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد پرورش دهندگان مرد (27/52 درصد) از زنان بیشتر است. متوسط سن کشاورزان 6/52 سال بود که مسیحی یا مسلمان بودند (18/43 درصد در مقابل 82/56 درصد). بسیاری از پرورش دهندگان باسواد بودند و تنها به نژاد محلی برای تولید متکی بودند. متوسط اندازه گله 13 پرنده در هر پرورش دهنده بود. رنگ پرهای مشاهده شده، سیاه و سفید، سفید و بنفش کمرنگ بود. بیش از 90 درصد از پرندگان در سیستم باز و یا در یک سیستم نیمه متراکم با استفاده از ضایعات مواد غذایی موجود و دانهها نگهداری میشدند. نرخ متوسط جفتگیری 66/1:1 بود. پرندگان به طور عمده برای وزن بدن انتخاب میشدند، در حالیکه بیشتر فروش بوقلمون در کریسمس (15/65 درصد) رخ میدهد. حدود 79 درصد از پرورش دهندگان تخم بوقلمونهای قابل جوجهکشی را برای دوست داشتن طعم و مزه آن مصرف میکردند و یا به دلیل اینکه پرنده توانایی جوجهکشی تمام تخمها را در یک بار ندارد. نتایج نشان میدهد که پرورش بوقلمون هنوز هم با ضعف اصلاح نژاد، تغذیه، جایگاه نگهداری و بازاریابی مواجه است. بهبود پرورش بوقلمون نیازمند خدمات توسعه عمومی بهتر است. همچنین معرفی بوقلمون محلی یا دورگه شده با نژادهای با پتانسیل ژنتیکی بالاتر ضروری است. Manuscript profile -
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69 - بررسی تاثیرجایگاهیابی مجدد برند درعملکرد برند در بازارهای بینالمللی
محمد رضا عباسی استمال مهناز طاعونی -
Open Access Article
70 - تأثیر عوامل طبیعی در جایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی شهر لار در سلسله مراتب شهری استان فارس
علی شکور رفعت شکریشهر یکی از پدیده های ساخت بشر در محیط زیست به شمار می رود که به منظور اسکان، تأمین معیشت، داشتن روابط اجتماعی و اقتصادی و مانند آن­ها به وجود آمده است. ولی این موارد اهداف شهری به شمار نمی­روند. انسان خود محیط سکونتش را فراهم کرده و خود به ایجاد و نحوه زندگی در Moreشهر یکی از پدیده های ساخت بشر در محیط زیست به شمار می رود که به منظور اسکان، تأمین معیشت، داشتن روابط اجتماعی و اقتصادی و مانند آن­ها به وجود آمده است. ولی این موارد اهداف شهری به شمار نمی­روند. انسان خود محیط سکونتش را فراهم کرده و خود به ایجاد و نحوه زندگی در آن اقدام نموده است. شهرها باید بر مبنای نقش و وظیفه­ای که در سطح منطقه دارد انجام وظیفه کنند و به نحوی در تمامی ابعاد توسعه یابند که اثرات منفی خود را به حداقل برسانند بنابراین لازم است برنامه­ریزی­های شهری به نحوی به اجرا درآیند که به سکونتگاه­ها و الگوهای سازمانی و نوع فعالیت­های انسانی به صورت یک جامعه بزرگ نگریسته شود بنابراین بیشترین هدف برا این اصل قرار دارد که برنامه­ریزی­های شهری همگام با هم پیش روند. سلسله مراتب شهری طبق یک تعریف عبارتند از: طبقه­بندی شهرهای واقع در یک محدوده جغرافیایی براساس شاخص­های جمعیتی و اهمیت و نقش عملکرد اداری آن­ها به طوری که با یک محاسبه و نظم قابل سنجش بتوان شهرها را در گروه­های مختلف دسته بندی نمود سلسله مراتب شهری در بسیاری از استان­های کشور ما ناموزون است و اختلافات زیادی بین شهرها از لحاظ رتبه بندی آن­ها بر اساس شاخص­ها به چشم می­خورد شهرهای استان فارس نیز دارای سلسله مراتب منظمی نیستند و علل و عوملی باعث شده که این سلسله مراتب مشکلاتی را ایجاد نماید. در پژوهش حاضر سلسله مراتب شهری استان فارس بر اساس سه الگوی متفاوت بررسی و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته و نتایج حاصله با یکدیگر مقایسه و سلسله مراتب شهری آن تعیین و راهکارهایی برای بهبود وضعیت رتبه بندی آن ارائه گردیده است. یک سلسله مراتب شهری بسیار گسیخته و فاصله داری در سطح استان مشاهده می­شود و شیراز با فاصله خیلی زیاد در مقابل 70 نقطه شهری قرار گرفته و شهر لار با جمعیت 65975نفر پس از شهرهای شیراز، مرودشت، جهرم، فسا، فیروزآباد، کازرون هفتمین شهر پر جمعیت استان می­باشد. سلسله مراتب شهرستان­های استان هیچ­گونه شباهت و ارتباطی با الگوهای ذکر شده ندارد و شهرک­هایی که در اطراف استان تأسیس شده صرفاً به خاطر کاهش فشار جمعیت و اسکان بخشی از این جمعیت می­باشد بدون آن که قدرت خدماتی، رفاهی و اشتغال جامعه با رعایت فاصله و فواصل طبقاتی آن­ها نسبت به مرکز استان وجود ندارد. در سلسله مراتب شهری استان فارس شهر لار از موقعیت اجتماعی و اقتصادی چندان مطلوبی برخوردار نیست و عوامل طبیعی در بین عوامل موثر در جایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی شهر لار و در سلسله مراتب شهری آن در استان نقش مهمی دارد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Strategies for Promoting Citizen's Role and Participation in Improving Fuel Station Services Case Study North Khorasan
abbas kazemi Vahid Sanavi GrossianThis study investigates strategies for enhancing the role and participation of citizens in improving the provision of fuel station services in the North Khorasan case study. The present study is a survey and applied research. The statistical population of this study is MoreThis study investigates strategies for enhancing the role and participation of citizens in improving the provision of fuel station services in the North Khorasan case study. The present study is a survey and applied research. The statistical population of this study is citizens of Shirvan city. The optimum sample size was 267 using Cochran's formula. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated by experts panel and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha about 95.8%. In the present study, descriptive statistics test was used to analyze the demographic data of the statistical sample. The research is discussed. The data obtained from this study were divided into two sections: descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation. It is necessary to explain that most of the data analysis was done by SPSS software. Improves customer confidence above average, Better fuel service (fuel card) increases customer commitment above average. Manuscript profile -
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72 - حضور زنان در دو داستان پرندهء من از فریبا وفی و من اورا دوست داشتم از آناگاوالدا
Alireza Salehi Mahdieh Fadaeنویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و &laq Moreنویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و «من او را دوست داشتم » از آناگاوالدا نویسنده معاصر فرانسوی است. در این پژوهش نگاه هر دو نویسنده به عشق، خانواده و جایگاه زنان در جامعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به اینکه این دو نویسنده از دو اجتماع متفاوت با فرهنگ و موقعیت جغرافیایی مختلف هستند اما پیام و درون مایه هر دو نویسنده ظلم به زن و تنهایی زنان و بی وفایی مردان است. زنان این داستان ها به دنبال کشف هویت فردی مستقل خود هستند و با وجود وابستگی عاطفی و اقتصادی که به همسران و خانواده خود دارند دچار خلا عاطفی شده و در نتیجه احساس تنهایی و خستگی روانی ناشی از نبود هویت و استقلال وجودشان را فراگرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - A comparative study of the position of women in Islam and other Abrahamic religions
Nafiseh NavidIslam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures thro MoreIslam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures throughout history. The distorted Jewish religion has a negative attitude towards women and he is a secondary existence and a human which must always be submissive and owned by a man And she is deprived of her economic and social rights. The distorted religion of Christianity also considers the creation of woman to be according to man and for him. A woman is an imperfect creature and serves a man And she considers her a deceiver and a seducer You should always be safe from his evil and it does not deserve many human rights. Islam attaches great value to women. The Quran considers the creation of man and woman as independent and the essence of humanity as one and he considers women as worthy of benefiting from all human rights and she places her in the ranks of men in reaching the stage of perfection and closeness to God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Investigating the nature, position, divisions and types of wisdom in the thought of Professor Motahari
Mohsen Hakemi Enshallah Rahmati azizollah afsharkermaniPhilosophers and thinkers have investigated the nature of wisdom and its divisions and branches in different eras. In Greek philosophy, Aristotle's division about wisdom attracted the attention of Muslim philosophers, and Muslims reread wisdom in the same way in the Mas MorePhilosophers and thinkers have investigated the nature of wisdom and its divisions and branches in different eras. In Greek philosophy, Aristotle's division about wisdom attracted the attention of Muslim philosophers, and Muslims reread wisdom in the same way in the Mashai, Ishraqi, and Sadra periods. Professor Motahari, as an Islamic thinker, has also entered into the subject of wisdom, its definition, divisions and functions. He considers the power of reason to have two cognitive and executive dimensions, and he considers theoretical wisdom to be the speaker of "beings" and the knowledge of things as they are, and practical wisdom to be at the top of the "musts" that determine the direction of individual and social life. , introduces. In the theory of "theoretical wisdom of Islam", he considers wisdom to have an anthropological and human-building function, both of which are the growth of man in different theoretical and practical dimensions, and finally, one of them has the property of a lamp and illuminates the path, And the other has the key and the opener of affairs. Also, by entering the field of theology and from the perspective of theology, he considers and defines being wise and wise in the same direction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - اسطوره و ادبیات مدرن
محمود طاووسی آمنه درودگر -
Open Access Article
76 - Genotyping of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Sara Rafiee Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan MomtazBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections and second cause of respiratory infections in human. The aim of this study was genotyping S. epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections and detecti MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections and second cause of respiratory infections in human. The aim of this study was genotyping S. epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections and detection of genetic clones using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 S. epidermidis isolates were selected and PCR products from amplification of seven housekeeping genes were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each gene in each isolate were analyzed in the MLST database and, besides identifying different clones, gene - specific alleles in each sequence types (ST) were determined. Results: A total of 3 clones including ST22, ST88 and ST153 were identified from 16 isolates, which was classified into two gene clusters of A and B. ST22 clone with a frequency of 50%, ST88 with 31.25% and ST153 with 18.75% were identified. The most dominant S. epidermidis clone isolated in 16 isolates is ST22. Conclusion: Dendrogram analysis of the isolates showed the homology of all isolates to alleles previously reported. Furthermore, our results suggest the genetic diversity of the isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Molecular typing of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood infections using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Zohreh Mohammadi Hassan MomtazBackground & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is widely distributed in nature and considered as one of the important causes of hospital infections. The present study was conducted to genotype Acinetobacter baumannii strains i MoreBackground & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is widely distributed in nature and considered as one of the important causes of hospital infections. The present study was conducted to genotype Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood infections using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. Materials & Methods: A total of 36 Acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated from blood infection samples collected from Baqiatalah and Payambaran hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The PCR products obtained from amplification of seven housekeeping genes were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each gene in each isolate were queried against the reference sequence in the MLST database. In addition to characterization of the alleles specific to each gene, thesequence types (ST) of all isolates were determined. Results: A total of 5 clones including ST25, ST136, ST307, ST327, and ST328 were identified in 36 isolates. ST of 2 isolates were not identified in MLST database. The identified STs were placed into 5 genetic clusters including A, B, C, D, and E. Conclusion: Identifying an acceptable level of genetic diversity among the isolates using MLST technique shows that this method is useful for studying and typing of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Therefore, it is possible to cluster isolates with diverse origins in different groups. Manuscript profile -
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78 - جایگاه حقوقی مدیران در شرکتهای سهامی
محمد رضا پاسبان جواد نیک نژاد -
Open Access Article
79 - تبیین رویکرد ادبی ابن شهرآشوب مازندرانی و بررسی سروده های وی
باقر قربانی زرین -
Open Access Article
80 - روش و جایگاه ادبی حمزه اصفهانی در روایت و شرح دیوان ابو نواس
عنایت الله فاتحی نژاد حمید عابدی فیروز جایی -
Open Access Article
81 - لقمان و ازوپ در ادبیات و تاریخ
دلارام بغدادی -
Open Access Article
82 - بررسی رابطه میان ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی و گرایش به مهاجرت خارج از کشور( در میان دانشجویان دختر محصل تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه ارم شیراز)
طهمورث شیری منصوره شاهمرادی -
Open Access Article
83 - Criticism of reason, its position and levels in Ibn Tufail's epistemological system
Zahra Haj Amini Amirhossein Mansouri Nouri Einollah Khademibasic question: "What is reason, its place and levels in Ibn Tufail's epistemological system?" authors have tried to answer this question by describing, analyzing and criticizing the story of Hayi Bin Yaqzan - the only surviving work of Ibn Tufail. Durin Morebasic question: "What is reason, its place and levels in Ibn Tufail's epistemological system?" authors have tried to answer this question by describing, analyzing and criticizing the story of Hayi Bin Yaqzan - the only surviving work of Ibn Tufail. During this investigation, it can be deduced: from Ibn Tufail's point of view, knowledge is "absolute knowledge" and reaching it with the tool of reason, which is "a tool for organizing the system of problems, finding answers for them, and turning partial answers into general perceptions." May be. From Ibn Tufail's point of view, on the way to the ultimate knowledge, a person goes through the following stages with the benefit of practical and theoretical reason: a. observation (experience); b. referring to previous knowledge; J. Causation; d. astonishment E. guess; F. Generalization; G. classification; H. generalization; i. Similar Ibn Tufail introduced the intellect as a means of acquiring knowledge, which can be improved through the stages of experience (first reasonable understanding), abstraction, second reasonable understanding and intuition, and he considers this improvement to be one of the goals of human education; And based on the celibacy of the human soul, he explains its levels. Although there are criticisms of Ibn Tufail in this direction; including: the lack of internal coherence of these stages (despite the possibility of creating coherence by preserving the story components); But it seems that in general, Ibn Tufail has been able to provide an acceptable arrangement for the rational course in the path of human education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Analysis of Why and how to maintain the superior position of the United States in the field of international relations despite the weakness and disruption of that country's power
Nima Rezaei Mojtabaa ShariatiIn recent years, a set of internal and external factors have caused the decline of the power of the United States, but the United States has still maintained its superior position in the field of international relations. The purpose of this research is to investigate wh MoreIn recent years, a set of internal and external factors have caused the decline of the power of the United States, but the United States has still maintained its superior position in the field of international relations. The purpose of this research is to investigate why and how this issue is. In this research, the four dimensions of power in international relations from the perspective of "Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall" have been chosen as the theoretical framework. Therefore, this research, following the answer to the main question, "What are the reasons for maintaining the superior position of the United States in the field of international relations despite the weakness and disruption in the power of the United States?", presents the hypothesis that "the position The supremacy of the United States in the international system originates from four dimensions of power, including compulsory power, institutional power, structural power, and productive (or discoursive) power. Although several internal and external factors have weakened the compulsory, institutional and productive powers of the United States, but maintaining the structural power of the United States, which is rooted in the superior-subordinate mental structures of international relations, has led to the superior position of the United States in the field of relations". In relation to how to maintain the superior position of the United States, this sub-hypothesis is presented: Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - تصویر زن در فیلم های نخبه گرا و عامه پسند دهه هفتاد سینمای ایران
تژا میر فخرایی اسماعیل فتحی -
Open Access Article
86 - تحول جایگاه سیاسی-اجتماعی علویان ترکیه در دوره حاکمیت حزب عدالت وتوسعه
asgar partovi ali fahimimoghadam -
Open Access Article
87 - بررسی جامعهشناختی جایگاه زنان در شعر معاصر فارسی
rahmat olah dadvar maryam habibi fath abadi -
Open Access Article
88 - Comparison of the position of women before the Islamic Revolution and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran..
leila hajigahramani Bahman Keshavarz Hasan Eivazzadeh Mehdi KhoshkhatiGiven the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women i MoreGiven the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women in the vicissitudes. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe and explain the status of women before and after the Islamic Revolution. The present study is in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. The present study in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. Data collection was also carried out in the form of a library-documentary. In this study, the position of women was reviewed in the different sections before and after the Islamic revolution. The results of the investigation suggest that women before Islamic revolution had limited situations. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, the situation of women was changed again. And at this juncture that societyfaced with several problems, had been prevented from paying attention to women's issues and revive their lost rights. However, after a relative improvement in the situation of the community, the issue of women's rights and the real status of this stratum were considered by policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Explanation of the Position of Family in the Spiritual Curriculum
maryam raeesoleslamzadeh samad izadi Asghar shariri khadijeh abolmaaliThis study was conducted with the aim of explaining the family role in the spiritual curriculum. In terms of purpose this research is an applied-developmental one and in terms of type and method of data collection, it is a mixed research. In the qualitative part of the MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of explaining the family role in the spiritual curriculum. In terms of purpose this research is an applied-developmental one and in terms of type and method of data collection, it is a mixed research. In the qualitative part of the study, in addition to valid documents and articles, semi-structured interviews were used and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect the data. The results indicate that the position of family in the spiritual curriculum is explained through 18 important components. The importance of these components in the spiritual curriculum is such that if families pay more attention to them, the successful implementation and effectiveness of the spiritual curriculum will be feasible. Therefore, it is expected that by explaining the importance of the family in spiritual education of children, it can be associated with school for improving the spirituality of society. Faith and trust in God and recourse to the Imams, encouraging children to be honest and truthful, human and polite relations of parents with each other and with others, and finally, compassion and appreciation and responsibility are respectively the five important components that explains the position of family in the spiritual curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Role of Brand Dynamics in Strategic Positioning of An International Business (Case study: A Handcraft Store Named Dasto)
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim HamdiToday, brand management takes into account as an organizational strategic topic which helps organizations to create value for the customers who attend foreign market and lead to sustainable competitive advantage across the world. In this research, we investigate on four MoreToday, brand management takes into account as an organizational strategic topic which helps organizations to create value for the customers who attend foreign market and lead to sustainable competitive advantage across the world. In this research, we investigate on four brand dynamics including Brand Positioning, Brand Extension, Brand Monetary Value, and Brand Power, effecting in strategic positioning of an international business. Our target population includes foreign customers of a handcraft store named “Dasto” who were selected based on simple accidental sampling, answered to the questions. This is a descriptive and functional research. To analyze the hypothesizes, we used t test for single sample, t test for independent samples, and one way variance analysis by means of spss software. Model analytical meaningfully was analyzed throughout structural equation modeling named way analysis. The results showed all brand dynamics stated in this research except monetary value are in a positive relationship with the strategic positioning of an international business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - An analysis of Iran's position in the Middle East with an emphasis on smart power
Ali Mohamadian هانی عابدیFrom a realistic perspective, how to earn, retain, and increase power is always the most important goal of countries in the international arena. Regardless of other domestic considerations, the Islamic Republic of Iran is no exception to this general rule. Power, beside MoreFrom a realistic perspective, how to earn, retain, and increase power is always the most important goal of countries in the international arena. Regardless of other domestic considerations, the Islamic Republic of Iran is no exception to this general rule. Power, besides being a goal, can be considered as an instrument of the foreign policy device of our country. In this study, with emphasis on Intelligent Power Theory, Susan Nassl, is concerned with how smart power plays a role in increasing Iran's position in the Middle East? And how can it be used to promote the status of Iran in the region.According to the hypothesis of the article, according to the content of the 20-year vision document and the major targets for Iran in the year 1404, the application of intelligent power as a way of converting goals to desired results can be in the twentieth-century international conditions. And the first one that exercising power "with others" has replaced the exercise of power "against others", is also effective and effective in increasing the dignity of Iran. The present research, while analyzing the theoretical foundations of intelligent power and its dimensions, uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain Iran's position in the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Tourism policy and its international position With regard emphasis on service recovery in Mashhad City
suroush Amiri زهرا رجائیAbstract: Background and aim: the development of the tourism industry's most important economic activity in the world and the satisfaction of tourists from the services offered by factors increase the income of tourism and development activities in management and planni MoreAbstract: Background and aim: the development of the tourism industry's most important economic activity in the world and the satisfaction of tourists from the services offered by factors increase the income of tourism and development activities in management and planning services in accommodations role in the positive attitude tourists and create competitive advantage and National brand in the minds of tourists. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of tourists’ satisfaction in tourism policy with emphasis on service recovery that this study is conducted in two phases. Methods: The present study is descriptive (field survey). statistical population research was 3 stars and above hotels in Mashhad city (2007)., and Ekiz and Arasli standard questionnaire has been based for data collection. Results: The results of field survey is conducted with the help pls service recovery software with satisfaction, loyalty, verbal communication of tourists are associated and in the second phase of the appropriate policies with regard to revive tourism services (service recovery). as well as various factors affecting the creation of national brand in the minds of tourists is to be studied. These factors include the tourism attractive to tourists, training and deployment of trained and experienced staff, quality staff, quality of service, cost for tourists (price)., and speedy settlement of claims and complaints were tourists Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - identify effective factors in improving the socioeconomic status of rural women
Pooria saadollahi koroush Roosta -
Open Access Article
94 - Analyzing situation of Iran in international apple trade and its affecting factors
farsid eshraghi nazanin yousefian farhad shirani -
Open Access Article
95 - Analyzing Gender Gaps in Gaining Entrance to Administrative Positions from the Perspective of Faculty Members and Staff in IAU Roudehen Branch
Hasan Hashemi Daran Narjes EbadatiAbstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of gender in attaining managerial positions in Islamic Azad University (IAU), Roudehen Branch. It also dealt with the issues such as women participation, knowing social status of the women, women&r MoreAbstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of gender in attaining managerial positions in Islamic Azad University (IAU), Roudehen Branch. It also dealt with the issues such as women participation, knowing social status of the women, women’s job promotion, the pathology of women’s failure in gaining senior management positions, and the cultural, personality, and organizational aspects of women’s employment in different administrative levels. The population of the study consisted of all the faculty members and staff in the Islamic Azad University Roudehen Branch (amounted to 702), out of which 462 were randomly selected. In this descriptive research, a questionnaire with the reliability index of 0.8 was administered to collect data. To analyze the data, Pearson’s Product Moment coefficient of correlation and regression index were used. The results of the study indicates that some factors such as interest and self-confidence, individual factors, gender attitude to administrative positions, certain rules and regulations, together with experience and education are so influential in gaining administrative positions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - شناخت جایگاه اجتماعی زنان در آثار تهمینه میلانی
Maryam Mahdilo Khalil Mirzaii Afsaneh VarastefarCinema is a distinguished art of twentieth century, and it is as a relatively new medium that is remembered as the seventh art, and at the same time it is a medium to sent same message to a lot of people.The purpose of this research was to identify the social position o MoreCinema is a distinguished art of twentieth century, and it is as a relatively new medium that is remembered as the seventh art, and at the same time it is a medium to sent same message to a lot of people.The purpose of this research was to identify the social position of women in Tahmineh Milani’s works. The research method was a qualitative one in terms of direction, it was a library and field one in terms of implementation. The study population included all Tahmine Milani’s works out of which seven films titled Two Women(1999), Hidden Half(2001), Fifth Reaction(2003), Surplus Women(2005), Ceasefire(2006), Avenge(2009), One of The Two of Us(2011) were selected by data-driven sampling method. The research tools were taking notes and interview and collected data were quantified and analyzed through content analysis. The results of this study demonstrated that women have a high rank in terms of income, education, using cultural products, acquisition interpersonal skills. And they have a strong social network and they do not be silent against violence and they react differently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Social learning and social standing are the most effective main themes of branding public managers
Azam Sanaei Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Alborz Gheitani Ali RashidpoorAbstract;The purpose of this research is to determine social learning and social status as the most effective main axes of managers' branding. In this research, the qualitative method-interpretive theme analysis and metacombination with the philosophical approach of pra MoreAbstract;The purpose of this research is to determine social learning and social status as the most effective main axes of managers' branding. In this research, the qualitative method-interpretive theme analysis and metacombination with the philosophical approach of pragmatism has been used. Written documents related to branding and personal branding, such as books, treatises, articles, etc., were selected as the statistical population of the qualitative section; After searching, examining and screening the identified sources, 75 sources had related codes and were used. As a result of qualitative data analysis; 207 codes, 68 basic themes, 29 organizing themes and 8 overarching themes were identified. Based on this, the branding model of public managers includes dimensions such as; Social learning, social status, expertise, development-oriented ideal, dynamics of the organization's human resource management system, individual and organizational intelligence, self-branding and trust-building. In the continuation of the research and comment on the question raised regarding the most effective aspects of the branding model of public managers; With the help of experts and data processing with the Shannon entropy method, the weight of each of the concepts and the total weight of the codes of that concept were calculated and based on the obtained weights, the dimensions were separated and ranked. And finally, the dimensions of social learning and social status were identified as the most effective dimensions of branding of managers of government organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Analyzing the representation of women in Azeri and Persian proverbs in Iran: from the perspective of critical discourse analysis
Sepideh محمدی Roya Sedigh ZiabariThis article analyzes and interprets the position of women in Azeri and Persian proverbs in the framework of a critical kaftan analysis based on Farklough's model. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, the purpose of which is to find out how women are repre MoreThis article analyzes and interprets the position of women in Azeri and Persian proverbs in the framework of a critical kaftan analysis based on Farklough's model. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, the purpose of which is to find out how women are represented in Azeri and Persian proverbs. The statistical population of this research is Turkish proverbs and Persian proverbs with the theme of women, which were purposefully collected from the books of Afshar (2016), Rahimi-Nia (2015) and Haqit Semnani (2000). The findings of the research show that the results show that the representation of women in Azeri proverbs is more neutral and the power between men and women is almost equally divided. But the representation of women in Persian proverbs has been negative in most cases. Also, the most representation of women in Azeri proverbs with 44.63% are related to girls and the most representation of women in Persian proverbs are related to women in the role of wife (63.41%).There are many proverbs about women and their place in the home and society, and by studying them, you can understand the cultural and social position of women in the past and today. In this article, in general, women are represented in Azeri and Persian oral literature with the approach of Farklough's critical discourse analysis. The data under investigation is a collection of proverbs of these two languages that were published in the books of Afshar (1396), Rahiminia (1395) and Hechit Semnani (1400). Manuscript profile
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