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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis Quality of Urban Space with an Audience-Oriented Approach
Homa Hedayat Farah HabibMajor components of space are form, meaning, and function. If these factors have a similarity to the space environment, space will be more successful and efficient. In other words, physical urban space can be imagined as a text which contains meanings. Readers who read MoreMajor components of space are form, meaning, and function. If these factors have a similarity to the space environment, space will be more successful and efficient. In other words, physical urban space can be imagined as a text which contains meanings. Readers who read the text can be imagined as the people living there. All of the above mentioned are Hermeneutics science. One of the most important theories of this approach is related to Georg Gadamer that the present study has been based on it. In his opinion, the aim of Hermeneutics is the combination of horizons, which means the combination of the interpretative horizon and the text horizon. In urban space, the users of space have a deeper and more accurate understanding of the space that the understanding is very difficult for urban designers to access this information. Urban designers need this information to gain a scientific method that provides the correct information. The purpose of this paper is the use of old citizens' recognition to identify the problems in the urban environment to improve it. It has been tried to use this approach in practical use. In this study, "Tajrish square" has been used as a case study. The method used in this study is the qualitative research method. This means that a researcher interprets phenomena in their natural context and analyses the cognition and interpretation of phenomena in people’s views. In this method, the analysis of deep interviews to identify the main issues and its editing has been done in a consistent format. One of the qualitative approaches is grounded theory that includes information gathering, coding (open, axial, selective), and the basis of theory. Tajrish was chosen as the case study because of having a variety of potentials like leisure, tourism, history, religion, and economy. Firstly, ten residents and elders of the Tajrish area were selected as the statistical population for the interview. Similar techniques or flip-flap, different techniques or far out and challenge technique or red flag have been considered to form questions. These three techniques help to find an accurate cognition of Tajrish square. Background, phenomenon, causal factors, action and reaction, intervention factors, and results have been considered to form the questions in grounded theory. After gathering interviews, the analysis of data has been done through coding. Interviews have been done in an accurate way, and after identification of main codes by open coding, the codes arranged by axial coding. After that two major axes are selected by particular coding. These axes include the "life artery" and "identification artery" of Tajrish square. The Life artery includes four main axes (economical, social, functional, and legal context). The Identification artery involves historical, natural, religious, cultural context. after that use context analyses and get the importance of each of them. Furthermore, theBalance theory has been used to collect codes. The main purpose of this research has been divided into two positive and negative groups. In the next step, the kind of relationship and the identification of compatible and incompatible factors lead to presenting guidelines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Hybrid Proximal Point Algorithm for Resolvent operator in Banach Spaces
V. Dadashi M. RabbaniEquilibrium problems have many uses in optimization theory and convex analysis and which is why different methods are presented for solving equilibrium problems in different spaces, such as Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. The purpose of this paper is to provide a meth MoreEquilibrium problems have many uses in optimization theory and convex analysis and which is why different methods are presented for solving equilibrium problems in different spaces, such as Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for obtaining a solution to the equilibrium problem in Banach spaces. In fact, we consider a hybrid proximal point algorithm using the resolvent of a maximal monotone operator in Banach space. Under appropriate conditions, we prove the strong convergence of the generated sequence by the algorithm to the zero of the maximal monotone operator. As an application of the main result, and using proved theorems, we can provide a maximal monotone operator for any monotone bifunction so that the zero of the maximal monotone operator is the solution to the equilibrium problem. The results of this paper generalize or improve the obtained results in the various papers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Wolf-type duality for nonsmooth mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints
Ali Ansari ArdaliMathematical program with equilibrium constraints is one of the optimization problems whose constraints are used to model certain equilibria in the applications of engineering sciences and economics. Our main aim in the present paper is to investigate the necessary opti MoreMathematical program with equilibrium constraints is one of the optimization problems whose constraints are used to model certain equilibria in the applications of engineering sciences and economics. Our main aim in the present paper is to investigate the necessary optimality conditions and create a Wolfe type dual problem for such problems. To investigate these conditions, we consider non smooth and non convex optimization problem with equilibrium constraints and suppose that all functions are not necessarily differentiable or convex. For this optimization problem, using the notion of convexificator, which is viewed as a generalization of the idea of subdifferential, we remind some constraint qualifications, stationary conditions, and generalized convexity. Finally, weak duality theorem and strong duality theorem are established under appropriate generalized convexity assumptions and a constraint qualification for an optimization problem with equilibrium constraints based on the notion of convexificators. We also illustrate some of our results by an example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Numerical solution of the SIR epidemic model using the non-standard finite difference method
Abdulrahman Yaghoubi Hashem Saberi NajafiIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main p MoreIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main properties of the continuous model such as positivity, boundedness, and stability. The stability of the equilibrium points of the system is investigated. The proposed non-standard finite difference schemes are convergent to the equilibrium points of the system. In solving nonlinear problems, one of the important advantages of this method is that nonlinear term discretized with nonlocal approximations. In most cases, non-standard finite difference schemes are stable even when large step sizes are considered. Therefore, using non-standard method will be cost-effective in dynamical systems that are studied over a large time interval. Numerical examples confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the non-standard finite difference method.Keywords: Non-Standard Finite Difference Method, SIR Model, Equilibrium Points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Existence result for equilibrium problems
Fatemeh LaelAbstractWe establish new sufficient conditions which guarantee existence of solutions of equilibriumProblems:Let K be a nonempty subset of a topological space E and f . The problem of interest, called equilibrium problem, is defined as follows:Find x such that f(x,y)> MoreAbstractWe establish new sufficient conditions which guarantee existence of solutions of equilibriumProblems:Let K be a nonempty subset of a topological space E and f . The problem of interest, called equilibrium problem, is defined as follows:Find x such that f(x,y)>0 for all y: This problem is very general in the sense that it includes, as special cases, complementarityproblems, fixed point problems, minimax problems, Nash equilibrium problem in non-cooperative games, optimization problems and variational inequality problems, to name a few. As a matter of fact, this formulation unifies these problems in a convenient way, and many of the results obtained.Our results are without making any convexity and monotonicity assumptions on the underlying problem data. Our results are based upon the relation between the KKM principle and equilibrium problems through constructing a certain family of subsets of a given Hausdorff topological vector space. We also illustrate our developments and describe applications by adapting our existence results for non-convex minimization problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - An Iterative Scheme for Generalized Equilibrium, Variational Inequality and Fixed Point Problems Based on the Extragradient Method
S. Jahedi M. A. PayvandThe problem ofgeneralized equilibrium problem is very general in the different subjects .Optimization problems, variational inequalities, Nash equilibrium problem and minimax problems are as special cases of generalized equilibrium problem. The purpose of this paper is MoreThe problem ofgeneralized equilibrium problem is very general in the different subjects .Optimization problems, variational inequalities, Nash equilibrium problem and minimax problems are as special cases of generalized equilibrium problem. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of approximating a common element of the set of generalized equilibrium problem, variational inequality problem and fixed point problem. In this article, a new iterative algorithm is introduced based on theextragradient method. Under suitable conditions, a weak convergence theorem for finding a common solution of a generalized equilibrium problem, a variational inequality problem and the set of fixed points of a finite family of strictly pseudo contraction mappings is proved. Our results improve and generalize some recent results in the literature. Finally, we give a numerical example to show the validity of the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Stability Analysis of a Fractional Order Model of HIV virus and AIDS Infection in the Community
M. S. Shahrokhi Dehkordi Y. AhmadiIn this paper a non-linear model with fractional order is presented for analyzing and controlling the spread of HIV virus. Both the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium are found and their stability is discussed. The basic reproduction number , which is MoreIn this paper a non-linear model with fractional order is presented for analyzing and controlling the spread of HIV virus. Both the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium are found and their stability is discussed. The basic reproduction number , which is a function of the constant parameters in the model, plays an essential role in the stability of the above model. In more precise expression, When the disease-free equilibrium is attractor, but when , is unstable and the endemic equilibrium exists and it is an attractor. Finally numerical simulations are also established to investigate the influence of the parameters in the model on the spread of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Design and Calibration of a New Keynesian DSGE Model with Stock Market Dynamics in Iran Economy
Ahmad Salahmanesh Seyed Aziz Arman Ebrahim Anvari Abdollah PourjavanFinancial markets especially capital market can make strong connections with other parts of the economy. After 2007/2008 financial crisis and global extensive economic recession, the economists show interest in the financial markets function again. The purpose of this s MoreFinancial markets especially capital market can make strong connections with other parts of the economy. After 2007/2008 financial crisis and global extensive economic recession, the economists show interest in the financial markets function again. The purpose of this study is to design and calibrate a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium new Keynesian model with Stock market dynamism to investigate the stock market channal effectiveness mechanism on macroeconomics variables. So an open DSGE model containing households, firms, banks, government and central bank was designed and after log-linearization, then the model’s parameters were calibrated using quarterly data 1996:3-2013:2 and experimental studies results. This study shows that a negative shock to stock price index in the DSGE model via financial accelerator and bank capital channel will result in decrease production, consumption, investment, deposits and inflation and therefor the macroeconomic variables such as consumption, investment and production have stronger relationship with stock market dynamism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The role of monetary variables and financial frictions on the stock market in the form of DSGE model
Lleila Barati yazdan goodarziThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of monetary policy and financial frictions on the stock market. In this study, the role of imperfections in financial markets as well as monetary policy on capital market performance and other macroeconomic variable MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of monetary policy and financial frictions on the stock market. In this study, the role of imperfections in financial markets as well as monetary policy on capital market performance and other macroeconomic variables has been evaluated. In this regard, the statistical information of the period of 1989-2021 was used based on the frequency of seasonal data. The method used in this study is to solve the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The results obtained from the monetary policy shock in this study showed that due to the existence of imperfection in the financial markets, it leads to volatility and instability in the capital market. In fact, the shock of the monetary policy has led to a change in the rate of return in the markets and this issue has affected the demand and supply of stocks. In addition, the monetary policy shock has had real effects on the economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Financial accelerator in a DSGE model with financial and banking sectors for Iran
Hassan Heidari Ahmad MolabahramiThis study examines the financial accelerator theory of Bernanke and et al (1999) for Iran economy using a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. In this regard, a DSGE model with financial and banking sectors in the New Keynesian framework is designed, ca MoreThis study examines the financial accelerator theory of Bernanke and et al (1999) for Iran economy using a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. In this regard, a DSGE model with financial and banking sectors in the New Keynesian framework is designed, calibrated and simulated and the results are compared with standard DSGE model without financial sector for the quarterly data of Iran during 1371 to 1390. To examine the financial accelerator theory, the impulse responses functions of proposed model are compared with standard model. The results show that, the proposed model has better ability to fit the Economy of Iran than the standard model. The impulse responses functions analysis show that the impact of deposit rate shock on the real sector variables within the proposed model is greater and more persistence and need more time to settlement than standard model. So the theory of financial accelerator is accepted in the Economy of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Application of Game Theory in Evaluation of Stock Investment
غلامرضا اسلامی بیدگلی رضا احتشام راثیNowadays the enterprises are in an intensive competition and can notmerely rely on traditional methods of decision making over certainty, riskand uncertainty situation in facing domestic or international rivals.Hence recognizing the new techniques of decision making aga MoreNowadays the enterprises are in an intensive competition and can notmerely rely on traditional methods of decision making over certainty, riskand uncertainty situation in facing domestic or international rivals.Hence recognizing the new techniques of decision making against thecompetitors in the contradictory situations seems to be a vital necessityfor each enterprise. These techniques assist the investors to make aneconomical evaluation of the investment alternatives and help them tomanage and mitigate the risk.Investment in the developing countries is competitive and isendangered by a plenty of unknown and unexpected variables which leadthe investors towards investigating and applying the new methods like"Games Theory".This article describes how to use the Games Theory's Methods tomake the proper and timely decisions against the rivals and how toevaluate the investment alternatives economically. It also tries to showhow the Games Theory maintains the interests of different investors inthe alternatives and helps them to reach to an equilibrium point ofconsent. Study result showed that Game Theory have applicable inInvestment evaluation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Compare effect of monetary and fiscal policy effect on stock market bubble within DSGE model in Iran stock market
Kiomars Sohaili Shahram Fattahi Narges RahmanianiThe main goal of this study is compare effect of monetary and fiscal policy effect on stock market bubble within DSGE model in iran stock market. In recent year Iran Stock Exchange has experience a bubble. Fiscal and monetary policies have a roll in bubbles. in this pap MoreThe main goal of this study is compare effect of monetary and fiscal policy effect on stock market bubble within DSGE model in iran stock market. In recent year Iran Stock Exchange has experience a bubble. Fiscal and monetary policies have a roll in bubbles. in this paper we have investigated a effect of monetary and fiscal polies in bubble. In this paper we consider a general equilibrium model to find effect of monetary and fiscal shocks in Iran Stock Exchange we use a Dynar software to evaluate the research and using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The result has shown: that first, monetary policy shocks has increased interest of investment in Iran Stock Exchange. therefore Tobin's Q will increase and bubble will increase. Second, as result of fiscal policy shocks through increase in government spending, investing in financial markets like Iran Stock Exchange will decrease and price of stocks will decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - نقش درآمدهای نفتی و اعتبارات بانکی با تأکید بر حاکمیت سیاستهای پولی در بخش تولید ایران با رهیافت یک مدل DSGE
جواد خلیل زاده سحر بشیری حسن حیدری -
Open Access Article
14 - ارزیابی ثبات مالی در اقتصاد ایران با تاکید بر رفتار متفاوت قرض دهی و قرضگیری با رویکرد مدل DSGE
حمید تقی زاده حسین شریفی رنانی سارا قبادی -
Open Access Article
15 - بررسی اثرات شوکهای ناشی از اصطکاک مالی و توسعه مالی بر بخشهای اقتصادی ایران
ساره امیرمجاهدی علی رئیس پور رجبعلی سید عبدامجید جلائی رضا زینلزاده -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of Carbon Tax Using Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE)
جمشید پژویان حسن معین نعمتیThis paper deals with environmental, welfare and employment effects of Carbon Tax. Carbon tax as a policy instrument, internalizes the external cost of air pollution in price of fuel. The very objective of carbon tax is not only to reduce fuel consumption and hence redu MoreThis paper deals with environmental, welfare and employment effects of Carbon Tax. Carbon tax as a policy instrument, internalizes the external cost of air pollution in price of fuel. The very objective of carbon tax is not only to reduce fuel consumption and hence reduce harmful emissions made by economic agents, but also to lessen the tax burden on wage earners and reduce labor cost which in turn provides incentives for job creation. This study uses Computable General Equilibrium Model which is revenue neutral, i.e. total tax income is taken constant in the model. The model is a non- linear equation system. GAMS as a Software along with input – output table pertaining to Iranian economy is used to solve the mode. The model was calibrated to base year 1378[1]. The findings in this study indicate that the use Carbon Tax as a policy instrument to alleviate the Burdon of tax on labor income, would improve qualitavely the environmental standards and reduce the environmental concerns besides to positive impact on employment and welfare gains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Quantitative Determination of the Selected Nests Pressure of Wood Species in the Middle Forest of Northern Iran (Case study: Gorazbon section of Kheyroud forest)
Sajjad Babaie Mahmood Bayat Manoochehr Namiranian Sahar Heidari Masteali fatemeh AhmadlooBackground and Objective: Understanding the ecological niche of the different species is essential in many ecological issues. Ecological niches of species are one of the important factors in the tree species distribution pattern and for all species, it can be dete MoreBackground and Objective: Understanding the ecological niche of the different species is essential in many ecological issues. Ecological niches of species are one of the important factors in the tree species distribution pattern and for all species, it can be detected by examining distribution of species distribution. Ecological nest models often help to understand more ecosystems. These models are applicable in predicting ecosystem stability and sustainability ratios and ecosystems. Method: In order to determine the selective pressure of different species, the indicators of the equilibrium level of selected nests, the dominant level of selected nests and the crisis level of selected nests were used and 41.5 hectares of Khirud research and educational forest were fully surveyed (100%). Then, characteristics such as diameter equal to the chest of the trees were measured and using selective nesting indices, the selected pressure and nesting levels of beech, oak, hornbeam and alder species were measured. Findings: The values of the selective pressure were measured for the species on the Fagus orientalis 66.419, Quercus persica 3. 313, Carpinus orientalis 261. 28, Alnus 36. 962 and tilia begonifolia 9. 39 respectively. The final results showed that Carpinus orientalis wasat a Dominates niche level, the Fagus orientalis and Alnus was in the balance niche level and the Quercus persica was in intermediate between balance and critical level and also tilia begonifolia was in the critical niche levels. Discussion and Conclusion: The Carpinus species were at the dominant level of selective pressure, the Tilla species were at the equilibrium level and the Quercus species were at the equilibrium level of the crisis nest. The results of this study showed that selective strain quantification is an important factor in determining the current status of endangered species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Study of Variations Equilibrium Time at Different Concentrations by Activated Carbon Adsorbent
Hassan Jamali Armandi Shayan ShamohammadiObjective: The purpose of this research is the effect of initial concentration of lead absorbed on theequilibrium time by active carbon.Materials and methods: The study of granular activated carbon (GAC) of the raw material is wood w.For experimental, Absorption kinetic MoreObjective: The purpose of this research is the effect of initial concentration of lead absorbed on theequilibrium time by active carbon.Materials and methods: The study of granular activated carbon (GAC) of the raw material is wood w.For experimental, Absorption kinetics of initial concentration 1 to 500 mg L-1 was used and measuringthe remaining concentration absorbed by atomic absorption (Model 220 AA company varianAustralia) was performed.Results: Process adsorption equilibrium reached at 45, 60, 75, 90, 75, 70 and 60 min for initial leadconcentration of 1, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg L-1. Study equilibrium time at variedconcentrations showed that decreased equilibrium time with decreasing initial lead concentration from50 to 1 mg L-1. Efficiency adsorption increased while the initial lead concentration decreased from 500to 1 mg L-1. The maximum percent adsorption of lead was found to be %99.7 at initial leadconcentration of 1 mg L-1. The experimental data were fitted using two adsorption kinetic models, theHo et al. (1996) and Lagergren (1893) models. Results showed that lead ions adsorption followedadsorption model of Ho et al. (1996). Also, fitting Langmuir and Freunlich adsorption isothermmodels on experimental data showed that Freundlich model described experimental data in a betterway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effect of concentration on efficiency and adsorption equilibrium time of lead from aqueous solution by rice husk adsorbent
Hasan Jamali Armandi Zaman Shamohamadi HeidariObjective: This study reviews the efficiency of absorption and equilibrium time Variations in concentrations were measured. Materials and methods: For this rice husk absorbent was used to absorb lead Kinetic adsorption experiments were carried out for estimation equilib MoreObjective: This study reviews the efficiency of absorption and equilibrium time Variations in concentrations were measured. Materials and methods: For this rice husk absorbent was used to absorb lead Kinetic adsorption experiments were carried out for estimation equilibrium time in varied concentrations. The results showed that in varied concentration amount the lead adsorbed per unit weight of adsorbent increased with increase contact time and process adsorption equilibrium reached at 60, 90, 105, 120, 90, 75 and 60 minutes for initial lead concentration 1, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/l, respectively. Results: Adsorption efficiency increased with decreasing solution concentration from 500 mg/l to 1 mg/l. However obtained maximum adsorption efficiency at concentration was 1 mg/l (%98). The experimental data were fitted using Ho &et al. and Lagergren kinetic models. Results showed that lead ions adsorption on rice husk followed adsorption model of Ho & et al. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Results showed that experimental data fitted well the Freundlich model isotherm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of chemical absorption of chromium by rice stem using physico-chemical adsorption isotherm model
Fatemeh Soltani Shayan ShamohammadiBackground and Objective: One of the main objectives of the adsorption isotherm models is to determine the maximum capacity of the adsorbent. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical absorption rate of chromium from aqueous solution by rice stem, us MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main objectives of the adsorption isotherm models is to determine the maximum capacity of the adsorbent. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical absorption rate of chromium from aqueous solution by rice stem, using physico-chemical adsorption isotherm model of Shamohammadi and to compare adsorption isotherm models for determining the maximum capacity of the adsorbent. Method: The rice stem with particle sizes of 75, 300, 850 and 1200 micron, and the chromium solution with concentrations of 15 to 40 (mg/L) were used in this study. Findings: The maximum adsorption efficiency of 96.30 % was obtained in in pH=2 using 10 (g/l) of rice stem with particle size of 75 micron. The maximum adsorption capacities of chromium by Langmuir model and Shamohammadi model for the rice stem were obtained as 2.918 and 4.926 (mg/g) in particle size of 75 microns, 2.206 and 3.310 (mg/g) in particle size of 300 microns, 1.838 and 2.617 (mg/g) in particle size of 850 microns and 1.037 and 1.322 (mg/g) in particle size of 1200 microns respectively. Conclusion: Isotherm absorption studies showed that, based on Shamohammadi model, averagely 20.5% of adsorption occurs as initial adsorption. Moreover, by considering equilibrium adsorption (qe) as a function of initial concentration (C0), not only the precision of the model will be enhanced (according to evaluation criteria), but also the equilibrium capacity of adsorption increases to an average of 26.5% compared to the Langmuir model. Thus, application of the Shamohammadi model increases the capacity of chromium absorption by rice stem by an average of 47% compared to the Langmuir model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Elimination of Subsidy on Fossil Fuels and Reduction of Air Pollution in Mashhad (Using the Computable General Equilibrium Model)
Maryam Moghimi Naser Shahnoushi Shahnaz Danesh Bitollah Akbari Moghadam Mahmoud DaneshvarAbstract Nowadays, one of the most important subjects concerning environmental quality is urban renewal and air pollution. Therefore, governments should strive to take various policies and programs to overcome the environmental problems including air pollution or negati MoreAbstract Nowadays, one of the most important subjects concerning environmental quality is urban renewal and air pollution. Therefore, governments should strive to take various policies and programs to overcome the environmental problems including air pollution or negative effects of human functions on environment. This study uses an input-output table of the Khorasan-Razavi province in 2001 and amount of pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions to survey the welfare and environmental effects on decline of subsidy on fossil fuels. For this purpose, using MCP and GAMS software, welfare changes with and without environmental impact, changes in demand for fossil fuels and changes in pollutants for 4 scenarios have been studied. Results showed that the elimination of subsidy on fossil fuels would reduce the demand for fossil fuels as an intermediate input and final good. If the environmental effects are considered, in the all scenarios, the welfare changes will be positive and the welfare will increase with the omitting rate increase. The highest growth rate of welfare is obtained to be15%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The impact of financial position and industry characteristics on adjustment speed of capital structure
hossein assadi Elnaz Tajvidi Soheil Esmaeel PourThere are different theories in capital structure litreture witch describe financing behavior of capital structure. Trade-of and pecking order theories, as two famous capital structure theories, make diffrent explaination for capital structure adjustments. Recent studie MoreThere are different theories in capital structure litreture witch describe financing behavior of capital structure. Trade-of and pecking order theories, as two famous capital structure theories, make diffrent explaination for capital structure adjustments. Recent studies find evidence that support the idea of using both theories simultaneously would help explaination ability of capital structure adjustment model. So in this way, examining adverse selection cost while moving toward optimal capital structure can make better designation of capital structure adjustment models. Using partial adjustment mode, this research investigate factors influence adjustment speed of capital structure toward optimal leverage ratio. We examine impact of cashflow inbalances, industry concentration, industry munificence and industry dynamism on speed of adjustment by using fixed effects regression and generalised method of moments. Our sample consists of 155 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period from 1385 to 1394. We find that for above-target firms, adjustment for firms with financial surpluses is faster. For concentrated below-target firms, adjustment speed would be slower than other firms. Also dynamic above-target firms have strong tendency to adjust their leverage by reducing it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Content Session Analysis of Expertise of Rangelands
Ali MohebbyAbstract Research institute of forest and rangelands with focusing on the determining, the criteria of the 6th national program and solving of Iranian natural resources problems, established at 2015-2016. The results of the related committees was useful but insufficient MoreAbstract Research institute of forest and rangelands with focusing on the determining, the criteria of the 6th national program and solving of Iranian natural resources problems, established at 2015-2016. The results of the related committees was useful but insufficient, so it seemed that the meeting has to be continued. Therefore the author decided to determine the most important subjects of rangeland scientist ideas about the matter. For this, the "Content analysis" technique was used to analysis the 17 session. the results showed that the frequency of total 9 main criteria and 6 sub- criteria, was 280 and between the main components (range, rangeland management, livestock, economics of livestock products, license, laws, corporations, projects and other items) the most and the least frequency respectively with %26.07 and %0.36 related to economics of livestock products and cow sub- criteria from livestock main criteria. Other criteria respectively, from most to least frequency were, laws with % 24.29, Lamb with %9.64, sub criteria tranchumnce, from main criteria projects % 9.29, corporations %7.5, other programs % 5.71, livestock management %4.64, range lands management project from project main criteria % 3.57, main criteria ranger and sub criteria sheep and goat % 2.5, tribal people settlement project from project main criteria %2.14 and finally %1.79 of the total sentences of rangeland scientists were about Range lands.So, it would be recommended that the discussions have to be continued around the subjects such as ownership of rangelands, corporation, grazing license, renting of rangelands etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Ghazali’s Innovation in Logical Comparisons Extractions from Holy Quran
Akbar Fayedeie Samad Abdollahi AbedAlthough Imam Muhammad Ghazali opposed the philosophers seriously was not oppose to logic but he knew it essential for the scholars especially for speakers. His role in expression of the logic science is inevitable. He had innovations in this science amongst the most im MoreAlthough Imam Muhammad Ghazali opposed the philosophers seriously was not oppose to logic but he knew it essential for the scholars especially for speakers. His role in expression of the logic science is inevitable. He had innovations in this science amongst the most important one is extraction of logical comparisons of Holy Quran in order to clarify the pessimism of some scholars toward the philosophy logic. The present paper attempts to study the abovementioned issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The effect of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) On Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the mediating role of mental well-being (Case: official employees and faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan(Khorasgan))
sayed saeed navabi mansoureh pourmiriThis study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the st MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the study includes all the staff and faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), about 700 people in year 2019 through Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. 248 people were selected and questionnaires were distributed. Research tools include the reward effort imbalance questionnaire (Sigrist, 2013), the work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al. 2000), and the subjective well-being questionnaire (Keyes et al. 2003). Obtained Data were analyzed using SSPS25 and WARP -PLS6 software. In this paper, one of the internal consistency methods, namely Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results show that effort-reward imbalance affects the work-family conflict, work-family imbalance affects subjective well-being, and subjective well-being has a mediating role in the relationship between perception of work-family imbalance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Comparison of Perceptions of Effort-Reward Imbalance, Work-Life Conflict and Mental Well-Being between Official Staff and Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch
sayed saeed navabi Mansoureh PourmiriThe aim of this study was to compare perceptions of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being. The research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all offici MoreThe aim of this study was to compare perceptions of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being. The research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all official staff and faculty members of the Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch in 2019. Through the Krejcie and Morgan table from this population, a sample of 248 people was selected. The research instruments included the Balance-Reward Effort Questionnaire (Seagrist, 2013), the Work-life conflict Questionnaire (Carlson, Kacmar & Williams, 2000) and the Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (Keyes, Magyar-Mae, 2003). The method of evaluation and analysis of data is done by Spss25 software and the data were analyzed by t-tests. The results showed that the rate of effort-reward imbalance in the faculty (p=2.381) and in the staff (p=2.385) as well as the rate of mental well-being in the faculty (p=2.866) and in the staff (p=2.860) was calculated and these results Was lower than average in both cases. The rate of work-life conflict in faculty (p=3.288) and staff (p=3.348) was estimated to be higher than the average. Also, there is no significant difference in the variables of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being between the two groups of formal staff and faculty members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Dynamic Migration of SDN-based Switches to Distribute Control Layer Load and Increase Efficiency Using Ryu Controller
neda abbasi Shiva KarimiIntroduction: Network needs in today's era include comprehensive improvement of communication and connections with more bandwidth, minimum delay and high throughput. Software-defined networking is one of the most promising modes of future Internet development due to the MoreIntroduction: Network needs in today's era include comprehensive improvement of communication and connections with more bandwidth, minimum delay and high throughput. Software-defined networking is one of the most promising modes of future Internet development due to their centralized planning and management capabilities. The load balancing problem for distributed SDN controllers is one of the fundamental challenges of these networks, and a single centralized controller may cause reliability and scalability problems, and although several controllers can solve these problems, a flexibility mechanism is required for load balancing.Method:Therefore, in this research, a load balancing mechanism is proposed based on the load information strategy, so that each controller in the system periodically reports its load information to other controllers, and the overload controllers of the plan, load infomation They do not collect all other controllers before local decisions are made, which in turn reduces controller resource consumption. A load balancing strategy is proposed in the proposed response time-based scheme for multiple SDN controllers, which takes into account the real-time response time characteristics that change with the controller load. Another key part of the proposed scheme is that all these things are done in the Ryu controller by choosing an appropriate response time threshold and processing multiple overload controllers simultaneously, which can solve the load balancing problem of the SDN control panel of the overload controller well. slow This model proposes to transfer the management of specific switches between controllers.Results: In the simulation, the historical load and the future load of the switches were considered, and a switch migration algorithm with double weight was proposed, which led to a decrease in the frequency of switch migration. Experiments have proven that this scheme can quickly provide load balancing between controllers and reduce the number of switch migrations. The results showed that this design can lead to the migration of the overload controller and quickly reduce the workload of the overload controller. As a result, the proposed scheme can effectively achieve load balancing of multiple SDN controllers with high speed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Study of the Effect of Haplotype Block Length on Improving the Accuracy of Genomic Prediction Using Bayesian Methods in Sheep
reza seyedsharifi Fatemeh Ala Noshahr nemat hedayat evrigh Jamal seif davatiInroduction & Objective: Linkage disequilibrium (LD) advancement map and the specification of population-level haplotype block structures are parameters that are helpful for managing the study of the Genome wide Association (GWAS), and to comprehend the nature of no MoreInroduction & Objective: Linkage disequilibrium (LD) advancement map and the specification of population-level haplotype block structures are parameters that are helpful for managing the study of the Genome wide Association (GWAS), and to comprehend the nature of non-linear relationship among phenotypes and genotype. Compared with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), genomic prediction fitting haplotype alleles and improve prediction accuracy; but the increase in accuracy belong how the Haplotype block are characterized. The aim of this study was to test the optimal size for haplotype length in genomic predictions. Material and Method:The Haplotype alleles were defined according the SNP alleles in not covering blocks 125 Kb, 250 Kb, 500 Kb, and 1 Mb. The Haplotype alleles with frequencies below 1, 2.5, 5 or 10% are eliminated. Two methods, Bayes A and Bayes B, were used to predict the genomic effects of SNPs and haplotypes. From Bayes A and B methods to predict the genomic effects of SNPs and haplotypes in three traits with three levels of heritability (milk production (h2 = 0.1), carcass weight (h2 = 0.3) and body weight in Maturity (h2 = 0.45) was used. Results: The highest genomic prediction obtained in body weight at maturity by Bayesian method B (0.652) during 250 kb haplotypic block and the lowest by Bayesian method A in milk production (0.407) during haplotypic block 1 Mb. Haplotype blocks of 250 kb with a frequency threshold of 1% provided the highest genomic prediction accuracy. Comparing Bayes A and Bayes B methods, Bayes B method provided higher estimation accuracy in both SNP-based and haplotype allele-based models. Conclusion: : Placing haplotype alleles instead of SNPs in the statistical model, if the haplotype length is properly defined, improves the accuracy of genomic prediction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence Training Program on Emotional Contagion in the Workplace & Work- Life Balance
Sima Parizadeh Kioumars Beshlideh nasrin arshadi Bahram PeymanniaThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on emotional contagion & work-life balance. This research was a quasi-experimental type in which a pre-test-post-test-three-month follow-up design was used with experim MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence training on emotional contagion & work-life balance. This research was a quasi-experimental type in which a pre-test-post-test-three-month follow-up design was used with experimental & control groups. The statistical population of this research included all the male line employees of an industrial company in Ahvaz, of which 40 people were selected as a hypothesis test sample using the convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned in two groups of 20 people. The measurement tools included emotional contagion in the workplace (Petita & Naghtun, 2015) & work-life balance (Wong & Ko, 2009) questionnaires, which were performed on all two groups in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. For the experimental group, training emotional intelligence based on Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey's ability model (2016) was applied, these training sessions included eight ninety-minute sessions that they were held in eight weeks. While no intervention was done on the control group. To analyze the data, covariance analysis (multivariate and univariate) were used in SPSS-24 software. The findings of the covariance analysis showed that emotional intelligence training was significantly effective in increasing the contagion of happiness & work-life balance & reducing negative emotions (sadness, fear and anger) (p<0.01) and This effectiveness was also present in the follow-up phase. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to the managers that by holding training courses on emotional intelligence while increasing the contagion of positive emotions & work-life balance and reducing contagion of negative emotions; The psychological well-being of employees also increases; In this way, they can bring long-term benefits to the entire organization and employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Comparing the effectiveness of exercises to strengthen the sense of balance and exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioception on the lack of written expression in students with specific learning disorders in Ahvaz
tahmineh changizi farah naderi rezvan homaei sasan baviThe purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of exercises tostrengthen the sense of balance and exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioceptionon the lack of written expression in students with a specific learning disorder in Ahvazcity. The research MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of exercises tostrengthen the sense of balance and exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioceptionon the lack of written expression in students with a specific learning disorder in Ahvazcity. The research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test-follow-updesign and a control group. The statistical population of the research included allstudents with specific learning disorders in Ahvaz city in 1401. Using the purposefulsampling method, 60 students with specific learning disabilities were selected andrandomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (20 people ineach group). In order to collect data, Parisa Rahmani's (2014) written expressiondeficiency questionnaire of spelling disorders was used. The experimental groupsunderwent exercises to strengthen the sense of balance (12 sessions of 45 minutes)and exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioception (12 sessions of 45 minutes);But the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed usingthe analysis of covariance statistical test. The results showed that both treatments ofbalance strengthening exercises and proprioception strengthening exercises wereeffective in improving written expression deficiency in students with specific learningdisabilities (p<0.01) and the effectiveness of balance strengthening exercises andproprioception strengthening exercises on improving expression deficiency There wasno significant difference in writing in students with specific learning disorders(p>0.05) and this result continued until the follow-up stage. Therefore, it can beconcluded that exercises to strengthen the sense of balance and proprioception can beused to improve the lack of written expression in students with specific learningdisabilities.Keywords: specific learning disorder, lack of written expression, exercises tostrengthen the sense of balance, exercises to strengthen the sense of proprioception Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Modeling the relationship between emotional balance, social intelligence and speech anxiety: The mediating role of outcome expectation and emotional arousal in students
mohammad esmaeilzadeh sadegh nasri abotaleb sadatiAbstractIntroduction: Speech anxiety originates from various factors. Two important factors in this field can be emotional balance, social intelligence mediated expectation of outcome and emotional arousal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to model the relationship MoreAbstractIntroduction: Speech anxiety originates from various factors. Two important factors in this field can be emotional balance, social intelligence mediated expectation of outcome and emotional arousal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to model the relationship between emotional balance, social intelligence and speech anxiety through the mediation of outcome expectation and emotional arousal in Farhangian University student teachers. Methods: This was a correlational study of structural equations. The statistical population of the study included all student teachers of Farhangian University of Kerman province in the academic year 1399-1400. 740 people were selected by cluster sampling method and used the scales of speech anxiety Pal (1996), emotional balance Bradborn (1969), social intelligence Silvera at all (2001), outcome expectation Betz & E (1997) and emotional arousal Gross & Jaun (2003). They replied. Pearson correlation test and path analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the model of explaining emotional balance, social intelligence and speech anxiety through mediation of outcome expectation and emotional arousal in Farhangian University student teachers has an acceptable fit. Emotional balance and social intelligence have a direct effect on speech anxiety, outcome expectation, and emotional arousal. Expectation of outcome plays a mediating role in the relationship between emotional balance and social intelligence with speech anxiety. Emotional arousal also mediates the relationship between emotional balance and social intelligence with speech anxiety. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that students' speech anxiety, which is one of the most common social anxietie Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - a
عباس مصلی نژاد ملیحه سلیمی -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluating "Taadol Tarafoei (Tanazor)" in Judicial Proceedings and International Commercial Arbitration
Hassan Gholipour Mehdi Ahamadi محمدحسن جعفریThe Principle of "Taadol Tarafoei" which is also referred as "Tanazaor Principle" is one of the principles of fair trial. This is as the primary principle in all judicial systems in the world. This means that there should be fair deal between parties. Hence, violating t MoreThe Principle of "Taadol Tarafoei" which is also referred as "Tanazaor Principle" is one of the principles of fair trial. This is as the primary principle in all judicial systems in the world. This means that there should be fair deal between parties. Hence, violating this principle causes injustice in trial. This principle which is the base of justice is indicated in international documents such as European Convention of Human Rights. However, in none of Iranian laws we don’t see it as the principle for establishing justice in judicial trial. The present article tries to study the base and nature of this principle in Islamic law and international documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Modeling the Impact of Raw Materials Suppliers Competition on Procurement Costs in the Green Closed Loop Supply Chain
saeed saljooghi Ramin SadeghianNowaday, competition affects all processes of production and supply of products, so that most manufacturers and suppliers of materials can not have a market share if they do not think about increasing quality and reducing prices, so in this article the effect of competi MoreNowaday, competition affects all processes of production and supply of products, so that most manufacturers and suppliers of materials can not have a market share if they do not think about increasing quality and reducing prices, so in this article the effect of competition of raw material suppliers on supply and procurement costs Materials for manufacturers in a multi-product supply chain Green closed loop is examined. First, competitive modeling in the supply process between raw material suppliers in different groups is done by estimating the demand for each of the chain products and setting the demand quantity parameters of each product. And the rate of return flow in the competitive model using the principles of game theory to find the equilibrium point of competition among each group of chain suppliers. Then by solving the model of changes in the cost of supply and goods for manufacturers and suppliers of chain raw materials in two cases The existence of competition and its absence are compared and decisions are made Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Explaining the factors related to work-life balance and work-life balance with the mediating role of emotional intelligence and providing a desirable model (case study: nurses working in hospitals of medical sciences universities in Kerman province (
Saeed Amini Moghaddam Alireza Manzari Tavakoli Sanjar Salajegheh Zahra ShokohThis research was conducted with the aim of explaining the factors related to work-life balance with the perception of work-life balance with the mediating role of emotional intelligence in nurses of hospitals of medical sciences universities in Kerman province. The pre MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of explaining the factors related to work-life balance with the perception of work-life balance with the mediating role of emotional intelligence in nurses of hospitals of medical sciences universities in Kerman province. The present research is of mixed type and practical purpose. The method of conducting the research in the qualitative part included interviews and in the quantitative part it included structural equation modeling and the research community included all the nurses of the hospitals of medical sciences universities in Kerman province during the period of the research. The sample of the qualitative sections included 14 people and 400 quantitative ones. The data collection tool included a semi-structured in-depth interview and a researcher-made scale of factors related to work-life balance, a work-life balance perception scale, and a standard emotional intelligence questionnaire. The research data were analyzed in the qualitative part by coding and in the quantitative part by SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. The components related to work-life balance, both directly and through emotional intelligence, have a significant relationship with the perception of work-life balance, the factors related to work-life balance at the micro, medium, external and macro levels of the system through emotional intelligence on perception Work-life balance is effective. It is suggested to policy makers and managers to pay attention to external system components and the concepts of flexible work schedule, organizational support, and positive organization to help balance work and life and try to improve it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Analysis of the Effect of News Shocks Related to the Future Technology on on on Economic Welfare
mohammad alibegli nader mehregan alireza erfaniThe present article aimed to understand the effect of news shocks related to the technology on macroeconomic variables. In this regard, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model was used to analyze the reaction of macroeconomic variables in Iran based on seasonal d MoreThe present article aimed to understand the effect of news shocks related to the technology on macroeconomic variables. In this regard, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model was used to analyze the reaction of macroeconomic variables in Iran based on seasonal data during 2001-2021. The results indicate that the news shocks increases the productivity of all production factors within one standard deviation. This increase escalates the wage rate as well as the interest rate. Household consumption, production and investment also increase opposing this shock. Due to the increase in production, the working hours will increase and consequently the inflation will decrease. Moreover, the economic prosperity grows due to the increased consumption and production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The effect of oil shocks on economic resilience in Iran
najme alsadat robati Ali RaeispourRajabali Abdol Majid jalaeeIn the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the MoreIn the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the main model, while using the estimated parameters, the effects of oil shocks in recent years on selected macroeconomic variables have been evaluated. Determining the degree to which oil revenues affect economic indicators can, in addition to determining the degree of economic resilience, help policymakers determine future plans. The phenomenon of fluctuations in foreign exchange earnings from oil exports, due to the dependence of the structure of Iran's economy on oil revenues, affects all macroeconomic variables - both in the public and private sectors. Accordingly, it is proposed to reform the tax system and reduce dependence on oil revenues, diversify the government's revenue portfolio, commit to a balanced budget and prevent disproportionate growth of the monetary base, strengthen the role of the foreign exchange reserve fund and monetary discipline for the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Social Security Resources in Iran
Soheila Sobhani Mohammad Hassan Fotros Golamali Haji Esmael TorkamaniThe impact of the development of information and communication technology on the labor market and social security has been the focus of international labor and social security organizations. This study examines the impact of ICT on Social Security Resources in the conte MoreThe impact of the development of information and communication technology on the labor market and social security has been the focus of international labor and social security organizations. This study examines the impact of ICT on Social Security Resources in the context of Iran’s economy during the period 1999 to 2019, using the Stochastic Dynamic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model, focused on duality of labor market (formal and informal). The results of the study show that the development of information and communication technology affects social security resources by changing the structure of employment. A survey on the variables response to the positive impulse of ICT shows that the further increase in job opportunities in the informal sector provides more access to jobs in this sector and increasing in the participation rate, the number of informal workers increases. The finding show increasing in informal employment causes an increase in the lost resources of social security. Based on the results, it is suggested that policymakers and insurance funds develop flexible programs in order to expand insurance coverage and support informal workers with the participation of employers and the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Role of Economic and Environmental Policies on Preventing Air Pollution
Marziyeh Sadat Vahabzadeh Moghadam Karim Eami Farzaneh Haju HassaniThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy MoreThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy shock causes a sudden increase in economic growth and consumption and then their decrease; However, the economic policy shock increases air pollution. The shock of environmental policies, firstly, increases consumption and economic growth and then decreases them. Investment also decreases as a result of the shock of environmental policies. Based on the results of variance analysis, the role of economic policies for the country's economic situation and creating air pollution is greater than environmental policies. The role of environmental policies in reducing air pollution is less than the role of economic policies in increasing air pollution. It is suggested that when the government increases its expenditures, it imposes green taxes or carbon emission taxes at a lower rate than the increase in government expenditures so that the economic growth of the country will continue to be maintained along with the reduction of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Modeling the Effects of Indirect Taxes on the Welfare of Income Deciles in Iran with the Computable General Equilibrium Application
Akbar Khodabakhshi Saeideh RoustaeiAfter oil revenues, taxes are the second and most important source of government expenditure in Iran's economy. On the other hand, considering the importance of social justice as one of the main goals of the government, the effects of imposing taxes on households are al MoreAfter oil revenues, taxes are the second and most important source of government expenditure in Iran's economy. On the other hand, considering the importance of social justice as one of the main goals of the government, the effects of imposing taxes on households are also very important. Therefore, this research, using a calculable general equilibrium model, seeks to investigate the welfare effects of imposing indirect taxes on different income deciles in Iran. For this purpose, two scenarios have been applied and the reactions of households with different income deciles to these scenarios have been investigated. In the first scenario, a uniform tax was imposed on all goods and services at a rate of five percent and in the second scenario, a tax on food at a zero rate, a tax on some luxury goods at a rate of 14 pecent and a tax on other goods at the same rate of 5 percent. EV index was also used to measure welfare. The results of the model show that the imposition of indirect taxes in the first scenario worsens the welfare of low-income households, while the second scenario improves the welfare of poor households and worsens the welfare of rich households. However, in the first scenario, the GDP was higher than in the second scenario. Therefore, it is recommended to choose a tax policy using an integrated tax system, we will see efficiency and economic justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Identification of Monetary Policy Items Influencing the Banking System
sorayya rafiee ghareshiran Karim Emami Farhad GhaffariThe purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilib MoreThe purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilibrium Model (DSGE) and the emergence of long-run macroeconomic ratios in the 1370s and 1380s And others' studies.The results showed that with a positive shock to the interest rate, due to lower demand for loans, the lending rate and, as a result, banks' profits decrease, and due to positive oil shocks, liquidity increases, lending rates and investment increases, and the household's willingness Reduces savings, resulting in lower bank profitability. Based on the results, while considering the importance of the role of financial factors in the transfer mechanism and the intensity of monetary policy effects by policy makers, it is suggested to adopt measures to adjust the effects of economic shocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of Nominal Wage Rigidities' Sensitivity in Dynamic Stochasic General Equilibrium by Considering the Stock Price Bubbles
Kiomars sohaili shahram fatahi narges rahmanianiThe main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of MoreThe main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of Iranian economy. The monetary policy shock has a significant impact on macroeconomic variables and stock prices. The volatilities in stock prices helps to explain the Iranian business cycles. In the case of bubble in asset prices, credit constraint in firms was decreased and their opportunity cost decreases and causes a downward pressure on the marginal costs and finally inflation decreases. By assuming wage rigidity, possibility of wage adjustment with regard to monetary shock decreases and the reaction of labour and labour supply is been more strict. And changes in production is slower than when the wage perfect flexibility exist. Based on the results, using of the model with wage rigidity in order to better simulate the real world is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Inflation Persistency in Iran with the Heterogeneous Approach of Economic Agents in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models
Mansour Khalili Araghi yazdan gudarzi farahaniThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inflation persistency regarding the heterogeneous behavior of economic agents. For this, the data were used from 1991-2015 based on seasonal data and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. The innovation of this pa MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inflation persistency regarding the heterogeneous behavior of economic agents. For this, the data were used from 1991-2015 based on seasonal data and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. The innovation of this paper is Calvo pricing assumption regarding the lag in inflation rate and indexing parameter in which inflation persistency conditions computing will be more relevant to Iran’s economy. The results showed that inflation expectations have a major role in inflation rate formation so that even if the inflation rate declines it will occur in a longer time due to inflation persistency. It, was cleared the prices have less reaction ability in relation to inflation persistency. It is suggested to the monetary authorities by considering the domestic inflation targeting rule in addition to inflation control, they stabilize the domestic production in the natural level in which it is required the monetary authorities to have credibility in views of economic agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Game Theory Approach to Modeling and Analyzing Inheritance Allocation of a Passed-away Couple
majid sheikhmohammadi mostafa abbasiThe main aim of this study is to model and analyze the challenge of inheritance allocation remained by a passed-away couple based on the inheritors strategies and objectives by using Game Theory approach. So, by the help of Graph model to analyze the challenges between MoreThe main aim of this study is to model and analyze the challenge of inheritance allocation remained by a passed-away couple based on the inheritors strategies and objectives by using Game Theory approach. So, by the help of Graph model to analyze the challenges between the inheritors of a passed-away couple based on the laws and regulations in Islamic Republic o Iran. This model contains two kinds of players selected through 64 abstract constructions of the strategies by applying some limitations and analyzed 8 possible cases and finally, 2 cases predicted as more likely. The results represent that this competition has two equilibriums. That is, if the players stand in thie situations, they have no desire to exit. By the coalition of the players, the results will be more appropriate to get more. The findings of the modeling is completely consistent with real results of the challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Welfare Computation under Different Fiscal Policies in an Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy Model Framework
hosein marzban zahra dehghan parviz rostamzadeh hamidreza izadiThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax MoreThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax instruments some different scenarios were provided. First scenario, the case with all taxes available, Second scenario, the case without consumption taxes, third scenario, the case of income and consumption taxes. The results indicate that the number of fiscal policy instruments available to the planner, plays an important role in the welfare changes in the optimal monetary and fiscal policy model. The minimum welfare loss occurs in last scenario and the maximum of welfare loss is related to second scenario. The proposal is that planner deal with determining polices in an optimum fiscal and monetary policy model, regarding available fiscal policy instruments and effects from economic shocks on welfare changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Inflation Behavior of Tradable and Non-Tradable Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Approach
javid bahrami Behnoosh sadat Aghayan esfandiar jahangardAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate tha MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate that non-tradable inflation is more responsive as a result of shocks. Monetary shock has had the greatest impact on non-tradable inflation, while Exchange rate and monetary shock have the greatest impact on tradable inflation in terms of initial effect and durability respectively. Based on the results, policy makers' attention to the components of inflation is suggested when economic decisions are made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Reforms in Iran's Retirement System
hoda jafari Abbas Najafizadeh Esmaieel Safarzade Gholam Ali HajiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributive and welfare effects of the transition from the current payment system to a partially funding system in Iran. For this purpose a six period OLG Models have been designed and simulated. The simulation MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributive and welfare effects of the transition from the current payment system to a partially funding system in Iran. For this purpose a six period OLG Models have been designed and simulated. The simulation results of the specified model show that, the consumption of all generations has increased and the saving of individuals and, consequently, capital accumulation in the economy is decline due to these reforms; the result of these changes is the decline in total production of economy. Based on these results and the widespread recession in the country's economy, it is suggested that policymakers do not resort to structural reforms and transition to funded system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Iran and Qatar Cooperation in Gas Production from South Pars (North Dome) Gas-Condensate Field: A Game Theory Framework
Elmira Bayati Bijan Safavi Amir JafarzadehAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnit MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnitude of the exploitation has led Qatar to become more promising by investing more in its oil and gas industries than Iran; this imbalance has caused a rash and pernicious competition. Following this incident, the main purpose of the paper is to examine the type of communication (cooperative or non-cooperative) through the game theory to achieve an optimal economic strategy for Iran. Results based on non-cooperative game design, solving methods through methods of elimination of dominated strategies (dominate strategies equilibrium), and Nash equilibrium showed that choosing the non-cooperative strategy is optimized for both countries and non-cooperation has more economic benefits for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluation of Home Bias in Consumption and Exchange Rate Fluctuations (DSGE Approach)
Mohammad Akbari mohammad javad sharifzade ali ranjbarakiThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 a MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 and a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model has been used. After designing the model, parameters of the suggested model are estimated by Bayesian approach. Reviewing the impulse response functions in the event of exogenous shocks (such as oil revenue shock and technological shock) shows that, with home bias exsictance in the model, inflation and consumption volatility will reduced due to the increased volatility of exchange rate. Based on the results it is recommended that, In order to control endogenous variables (including inflation), In the event of exogenous shocks, especially oil revenue shock, the exchange rate should be allowed to fluctuate more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Role of Tendency of Government Preference in an Optimal Fiscal Policy Model in the Presence of Agent Heterogeneity in A dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Framework
hamidreza izadiAbstract This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led MoreAbstract This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led to create limitation that will be call government preference. The role of these preferences and tendency of the Government to the poor or the rich group can change the results of optimal policies on the economy. By using a dynamic stochastic general model, the role of government preferences tendency was been surveyed. The results indicate that in these models, the role of government expenditure financing through available taxes in the policymaking system, is partly dependent on the government preferences tendency. On the bases of the results, it is suggested that separating the government preferences and tendency in relation to the poor and the rich. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Modeling the Effects of Green Tax on Health Sector Costs Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model
Mohammad Ali Torki Harchegani Nazar DahmardehAbstract The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of green taxes on health costs in Iran. Accordingly, to achieve this goal, a computable general equilibrium model was used taking into account the interactions between energy, economy, environment and health MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of green taxes on health costs in Iran. Accordingly, to achieve this goal, a computable general equilibrium model was used taking into account the interactions between energy, economy, environment and health sectors simultaneously. The model was calibrated with data from the Social Accounting Matrix of 2011 and the endogenous variables of the model were calculated using the GAMS software using MCP technique. The results showed that by increasing the green tax rates, the health costs caused by the reduction of air pollution would be significantly reduced. Also, the financial impact on health indicators included mortality, morbidity and non-health effects of air pollution were estimated 62, 26.4 and 11.6 percent, respectively. Based on the results, implementation of green taxes can be reduced the health costs of air pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Effects of Mining Sector and Mining Industries Development on Government Revenue and Income of Households in Iran
davoud behboudi mohammad mehdi barghi oskoee Robab Mohammadi khaneghahiAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and socia MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and social accounting matrix (SAM) for Iran for year 1390 is used. The results showed that increasing in mining sector investment and improving its total factor productivity positively affected government revenue and income of households in both urban and rural groups. The results also reveal that the development in the mining sector in Iran has the least effect on the income of rural households and the most effect on income of urban households. Based on the results, it is necessary for policymakers to adopt policies to increase investment and improve the total factor productivity of the mining sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Study of Exchange Rate Dynamics in Iran by Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Models
mojtaba asghari ali haghighat masoud nonejad Hashem zareThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show tha MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show that in different scenarios there are signs of Dutch disease as a weakening of the trade sector, the strengthening of the non-trade sector, the increase in prices in the trade sector, the reduction of prices in the commercial sector and the reduction of the real exchange rate. Based on the results, active financial policies are recommended to control exchange rate fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Optimal Bidding Strategy of Generation Companies (GenCos) in Energy and Spinning Reserve Markets Using Linear Programming
Hassan Barati Ali Habibzadeh Afshin Lashkarara Jamshid AghaeiIn this paper a new bidding strategy become modeling to day-ahead markets. The proposed algorithm is related to the point of view of a generation company (Genco) that its end is maximized its benefit as a participant in sale markets of active power and spinning reserve. MoreIn this paper a new bidding strategy become modeling to day-ahead markets. The proposed algorithm is related to the point of view of a generation company (Genco) that its end is maximized its benefit as a participant in sale markets of active power and spinning reserve. In this method, hourly forecasted energy price (FEP) and forecasted reserve price (FRP) is used as a reference to model the possible and probable price strategies of Gencos. A bi-level optimization problem That first level, is used to maximize the individual Genco’s payoffs for obtaining the optimal offered quantity of Gencos. The second one, uses the results of the upper sub-problem and minimizes the consumer’s payment with regard to the technical and network constraints, which leads to the awarded generation of the Gencos. In this paper use of the game theory in exist optimization model. The paper proposes a linear programming approach. A six bus system is employed to illustrate the application of the proposed method and to show its high precision and capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Design of a Sliding Mode Controller for Two-Wheeled Balancing Robot
Ehsan Abbas nejad Abbas HarifiNowadays, the control of mechanical systems with fewer inputs than outputs (Under-actuated systems) has become a challenging problem for control engineers. Two-wheeled balancing robots is one of the appealing examples of this category. This type of robot contains two pa MoreNowadays, the control of mechanical systems with fewer inputs than outputs (Under-actuated systems) has become a challenging problem for control engineers. Two-wheeled balancing robots is one of the appealing examples of this category. This type of robot contains two parallel wheels and an inverted pendulum. In this research, designing of controller have been investigated for flat surfaces. For controller design, the extract dynamics of the system has been achieved based on Kane's method. Then for the two-wheeled balancing robot, one sliding mode controller has been designed for yaw angle, and another sliding mode controller has been designed to control both position and pitch angle based on a proposed sliding surface. The main feature of the proposed controllers is that all of controllers have been designed based on the nonlinear dynamics of system. Also, considering the limits of uncertainties while designing systems, the robustness of controllers have been increased. The common problem of sliding mode control is chattering phenomenon that has been greatly reduced using saturation function instead of sign function. Simulation results comparision of the designed controller with a LQR controller, validates the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Study of the Relationship between Marginalization and Social Gaps in Tehran Metropolis (Case Study of Khatavanabad and Hesar Amir)
Raziyeh Amiriraz Mohammad rahim Eivazi Ebrahim Barzegar mostafa btahiaAbstract Marginalization around cities, as a sociological phenomenon, has had countless consequences for countries, including developing societies. Separation of rural people from their cultural, economic and social context and presence in the suburbs of cities, in add MoreAbstract Marginalization around cities, as a sociological phenomenon, has had countless consequences for countries, including developing societies. Separation of rural people from their cultural, economic and social context and presence in the suburbs of cities, in addition to harming marginalized immigrants, has led to the emergence of numerous gaps in metropolitan areas. Accurate understanding of this situation and providing a solution to deal with its various consequences, as the purpose of this article, requires the study of the ratio of marginalization and social gaps in these areas; Therefore, in the present study for field study, two areas of Khatunabad and Hesar Amir in the southeast of Tehran metropolis were selected as the sample population and three neighborhoods of each of them were studied by cluster-random method. The study method was based on the researcher-made questionnaire, which was prepared according to the Likert scale. In the questions raised, various types of social gaps have been examined. Based on the analysis and evaluation of responses and extraction of quantitative statistics using Spss and Excel, etc., it can be said that the density of dissatisfaction resulting from uneven development and the feeling of relative deprivation, structural problems and weaknesses in these areas is about 67% and this dissatisfaction , Has led to the emergence of all kinds of rifts in the suburbs and has made these areas prone to protest actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - استفاده از روش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار متغیر برای مشکلات سیستم پویا
Babatunde Yisaروش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار Variational Hee برای مشکلات نوسانگر غیرخطی که شامل نوسانگرهای محافظه کار است ، اعمال می شوند. به دلیل الگوریتم هایی که اصطلاحات غیرخطی را در مشکلات پذیرفته اند ، روش ها برای موارد عمومی و خاص موثر هستند. این دو روش بر روی برخی از مشکلات خاص Moreروش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار Variational Hee برای مشکلات نوسانگر غیرخطی که شامل نوسانگرهای محافظه کار است ، اعمال می شوند. به دلیل الگوریتم هایی که اصطلاحات غیرخطی را در مشکلات پذیرفته اند ، روش ها برای موارد عمومی و خاص موثر هستند. این دو روش بر روی برخی از مشکلات خاص در ادبیات آزمایش شده است ، و نتایج به دست آمده در مقایسه با نتایج به دست آمده از طریق استفاده از روش تعادل انرژی مقایسه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی برخی از مواد خوراکی با روش جدید تغذیه دقیق در جوجههای گوشتی
ا. رضایی ح. جانمحمدی م. علیایی ص. علیجانیدو آزمایش به منظور تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز برخی از مواد خوراکی طیور انجام شد. آزمایش اول جهت تعیین مناسبترین زمان جمعآوری فضولات بعد از تغذیه دقیق جوجههای گوشتی جهت بدست آوردن حداکثر مقادیر دفع فضولات و آزمایش دوم جهت تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی تصحیح شده Moreدو آزمایش به منظور تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز برخی از مواد خوراکی طیور انجام شد. آزمایش اول جهت تعیین مناسبترین زمان جمعآوری فضولات بعد از تغذیه دقیق جوجههای گوشتی جهت بدست آوردن حداکثر مقادیر دفع فضولات و آزمایش دوم جهت تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی تصحیح شده برای تعادل صفر نیتروژن دانه ذرت، کنجاله سویا، کنجاله گلوتن ذرت، کنجاله کلزا و پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور با استفاده از روش جدید تغذیه دقیق در جوجههای گوشتی 21 روزه انجام گرفت. در آزمایش اول، تعداد 35 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر 21 روزه با وزن بدنی یکسان در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 7 گروه آزمایشی با 5 پرنده در هر گروه در قفسهای متابولیسمی قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل زمانهای مختلف جمعآوری فضولات بود. همه جوجهها با مخلوط (60-40) ذرت-کنجاله سویا به مقدار 10 گرم مورد تغذیه دقیق قرار گرفتند. فضولات در زمانهای 2، 4، 6، 8، 10، 12 و 14 ساعت بعد از تغذیه دقیق جمعآوری شدند. در آزمایش دوم، تعداد 30 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر 21 روزه با 5 پرنده برای هر ماده خوراکی مورد آزمایش به مقدار 10 گرم مورد تغذیه دقیق قرار گرفتند و تعداد 5 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نیز برای تعیین دفع انرژی از منشاء داخلی به روش گرسنگی استفاده شد. حداکثر زمان جمعآوری فضولات در جوجههای گوشتی 21 روزه 12 ساعت بدست آمد که با سایر زمانها تفاوت معنیداری نشان داد (0.01>P). میانگین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی تصحیح شده برای تعادل صفر نیتروژن دانه ذرت، کنجاله سویا، کنجاله گلوتن ذرت، کنجاله کلزا و پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور به ترتیب 94 ± 3527، 116 ± 2572، 33 ± 4183، 162 ± 1806 و 112 ± 2678 کیلوکالری در کیلوگرم بود. اینطور نتیجه شد که مقادیر انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی مواد خوراکی میتواند در جوجههای گوشتی 21 روزه با استفاده از روش تغذیه دقیق تعیین گردد. این تحقیق استفاده از مقادیر انرژی بدست آمده در جوجههای گوشتی را در فرمولاسیون جیرههای غذایی برای جوجههای گوشتی پیشنهاد مینماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Presenting a model to determine the equilibrium point in the Oligopoly
Reza Basiri Mansour Abedian Saeed Aghasi Zahra DashtlaliOligopoly is one of the common structures of the market and is actually a state between pure competition and pure monopoly. The theoretical literature distinguishes between the behaviors of companies in adopting competitive pricing strategies. It is common to study mode MoreOligopoly is one of the common structures of the market and is actually a state between pure competition and pure monopoly. The theoretical literature distinguishes between the behaviors of companies in adopting competitive pricing strategies. It is common to study models where all firms are price-makers or price-takers, but the simultaneous application of price-making and price-taking strategies by firms producing a similar product using game theory has not received much attention. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to use game theory with equilibrium concepts forward-looking equilibrium reasoning, and backward-looking individual learning simulation tools to investigate the behavior of companies. The results of the recent study showed that the Cournot-Nash model is a stable model for the real evaluation of pricing strategies in a dynamic oligopoly market. However, with a larger number of firms, a unilateral deviation from Cournot's behavior becomes profitable. In this paper, we have formally proved that the only possible stable market is the Cornot market, where every firm can be a price taker. Conversely, a market in which all firms accept only prices is never stable, and therefore Walrasian equilibrium is not applicable according to the findings. When there are no stable markets, the market does not evolve toward a fixed composition, but the number of price takers typically decreases. In such a situation, the market composition follows a cyclical pattern that is related to the stability or volatility of crude expectations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluation of development rate in Tehran province
hassan ahmadi yaghoub esmaeilzadehQuick development in urbanization causes regional imbalance in developing countries. Adoption of some economic policies causes attraction of facilities to some regions and lag of more other regions. The goals of this article is studying regional imbalance in Tehran prov MoreQuick development in urbanization causes regional imbalance in developing countries. Adoption of some economic policies causes attraction of facilities to some regions and lag of more other regions. The goals of this article is studying regional imbalance in Tehran province and also offering suitable solutions to reduce this imbalance. Research method used in this article is explanatory method .Using taxonomy model and 31 economic, social and cultural indicators, this imbalance has been analyzed. Hypothesis of this research is: - It seems that Tehran County has a great influence in regional imbalance of Tehran province. - Decisions of economic planners and policy makers causes exacerbation of regional imbalance in Tehran province. Results of this article indicate existence of inequality in Tehran province. Shemiran County with attracting more facilities is most developed, and Ghods County is the worst under developed county. At the end of this article, has been tried to offer solutions to decrease the inequalities like, paying attention to deprived regions of province and utilization of growth opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Role of Middle Cities in Spatial Development of Hamedan province with Emphasis On Malayer
majid shamsThe rapid population growth and urbanistion increase are among the phenomena which have appeared in a lot of countries in the world including Iran in recent decades; although the urban population increase is not an undesirble phenomenon per se and some think of it as a MoreThe rapid population growth and urbanistion increase are among the phenomena which have appeared in a lot of countries in the world including Iran in recent decades; although the urban population increase is not an undesirble phenomenon per se and some think of it as a symbol of development . Thus, what is going to be discussed and analyzed here is the unbalanced distribution of population in urban centers rather than the percentage of urbanity . However Hamedan province possesses some natural capabilities and suitable strategic situation as well as a good history , it dose not have a suitable social and economical development; there is no hierarchy regardung dwelling system and ranking rational services in its cities, towns, and even rural areas . As a result ,a large number of its population is concentrated in the center of the province (i.e. Hamedan itself ) and a first-rank model governs the city . In this research, through a sstematic and comprehensive method , the present status of the province and the role of middle cities in the spatial development of the province has been studied in a logical and rational way . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - اثر تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی با استفاده از مدل تعادل عمومی
زینب معین الدینی حمید محمدی حسین محرابی بشرآبادیاقتصاد ایران به متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری وابسته است که در رشد و توسعه آن کشور نقش دارند. از طرفی، بارندگی یکی از عوامل مهم آب و هوایی است که روی برنامه های مهم اقتصادی از جمله بخش کشاورزی موثر است. تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری تاثیرگذار اس Moreاقتصاد ایران به متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری وابسته است که در رشد و توسعه آن کشور نقش دارند. از طرفی، بارندگی یکی از عوامل مهم آب و هوایی است که روی برنامه های مهم اقتصادی از جمله بخش کشاورزی موثر است. تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری تاثیرگذار است که در این مطالعه به ارزیابی بعضی از آن­هاپرداخته شده است. هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی شوک­های بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی با استفاده از روش تعادل عمومی است که این شوک­ها شامل؛ بهترین سناریو، برای بیشترین بارندگی، بدترین سناریو برای کمترین بارندگی و سناریوی نرمال برای متوسط بارندگی می­باشند. یه منظور ارزیابی این تغییرات بر بخش کشاورزی، مجموعه ای از کالاهای تولیدی بخش کشاورزی به صورت جداگانه مطرح شد و برای سایر بخش­های اقتصادی با هم تجمیع گشت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که تولیدات بخش کشاورزی در بهترین سناریو به میزان 14 درصد افزایش یافته است. در بدترین سناریو میزان مصرف همه کالاها کاهش، قیمت همه کالاها به جز بخش صنعت افزایش و سرمایه­گذاری خصوصی و دولتی نیز تغییر یافته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - تغییر یارانه های کشاورزی بر تولید و صادرات در ایران
حسین بدیع برزین محمد نوروزیان سید مهدی حسینی امیر تقوییارانه ابزاری است که دولت­ها به عنوان نوعی کمک مالی برای حمایت از بخش­های خاص اقتصادی استفاده می­کنند. امروزه یارانه در چندین کشور از جمله ایران به دلایل مختلف سیاسی و اقتصادی متداول است. این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات تغییر یارانه­های کشاورزی بر تولید و صادر Moreیارانه ابزاری است که دولت­ها به عنوان نوعی کمک مالی برای حمایت از بخش­های خاص اقتصادی استفاده می­کنند. امروزه یارانه در چندین کشور از جمله ایران به دلایل مختلف سیاسی و اقتصادی متداول است. این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات تغییر یارانه­های کشاورزی بر تولید و صادرات پرداخته است. برای این منظور، یک مدل تعادل عمومی قابل محاسبه (CGE) برای سال 1391 در قالب ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی در سال 1379 به عنوان مبنای آماری مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای استخراج و حمل و نقل مدل از برنامه­نویسی غیرخطی استفاده شد. ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی به بخش­های: کشاورزی، نفت و گاز، منسوجات، انرژی، صنعت و خدمات تقسیم شده است. سپس تأثیر یارانه­های کشاورزی و تأثیر آن بر متغیرهای درون­زا بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاهش یارانه­های کشاورزی، سطح تولید محصولات کشاورزی را به میزان 3/21 درصد کاهش می ­دهد در نتیجه قیمت­ها افزایش می­یابد که به نوبه خود باعث انحراف نرخ ارز واقعی از تعادل می ­شود که مانع از صادرات در این بخش می­شود. علاوه بر این، با کاهش یارانه­ها نرخ بیکاری افزایش می­یابد و رفاه کاهش می­یابد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Analysis of agency conflict with emphasis on aspects of earnings management, audit quality, and cost of equity: Game theory approach
Zahra Moghadam Hamzeh Didar Kiumars Shahbazi Ali EbadianThis article aims to describe and explain the strategic behavior of managers and shareholders in the interactive conflict environment of joint-stock firms using the tools of game theory, specifically through signaling games. Managers, considering the quality of internal MoreThis article aims to describe and explain the strategic behavior of managers and shareholders in the interactive conflict environment of joint-stock firms using the tools of game theory, specifically through signaling games. Managers, considering the quality of internal controls, engage in both deceptive and informative earnings management strategies. Shareholders then respond with strategies involving high or low capital costs and opt for either high or low-quality audit services. The findings of the research outline the theoretical conditions necessary for establishing balance in strategies such as deceptive earnings management with high capital costs and deceptive earnings management with high-quality audit services in environments characterized by weak internal controls. Additionally, it highlights the conditions required to establish equilibrium in strategies like informative earnings management with low capital costs and informative earnings management with low-quality audit services within environments boasting strong internal controls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of ethane and propane gas hydrates using a direct and fast empirical method
Akbar Irandoukht hosein BrijanianIn this article, a direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium pressure for ethane hydrate formation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C and for propane hydrate formation at 2, 4 and 5 &d MoreIn this article, a direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium pressure for ethane hydrate formation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C and for propane hydrate formation at 2, 4 and 5 °C were experimentally determined. Comparison of the obtained data for ethane hydrate pressure to that of Deaton-Frost and also to those predicted by AQUAlibrium software showed the average absolute deviation percent of 4.56, 4.79, and 3.27, respectively. In addition, comparison of the obtained data for propane hydrae pressure to that of Deaton-Frost and HWU software, showed the average absolute deviation percent of 10.17, and 13.31, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Application of statistical methods of time series analysis for a very fast and accurate determination of equilibrium thermodynamic conditions of gas-liquid water-hydrate systems in isochoric operation
اکبر ایراندوختIn this research work, a very fast and accurate new method for determining equilibrium thermodynamic conditions in gas-liquid water-hydrate systems is presented. In this method, only temperature and pressure data in the cooling trace are needed to determine the equilibr MoreIn this research work, a very fast and accurate new method for determining equilibrium thermodynamic conditions in gas-liquid water-hydrate systems is presented. In this method, only temperature and pressure data in the cooling trace are needed to determine the equilibrium points of hydrate formation. The required time to obtain equilibrium thermodynamic conditions for gas hydrate formation are greatly reduced and more accurate results are obtained, using statistical concepts of time series analysis as well as cumulative sum technique in change point detection. With this method, four experiments were performed to determine the equilibrium thermodynamic conditions for ethane gas hydrate. The average percentage of absolute deviations obtained with Deaton-Frost experimental data, Kamath's correction relationship, and AQUAlibrium and CSMHYD softwares were 5.67, 2.49, 9.54, and 1.89, respectively. In addition, the experimental data obtained by Curtin University researchers in Australia about the effect of 1000 ppm of pTSA surfactant in methane hydrate were investigated with this method. The absolute deviation percentage compared to the experimental data and their statistical thermodynamic modeling estimate were 0.23 and 1.89, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - تعیین شرایط تعادل ترمودینامیکی تشکیل هیدرات متان به روش تجربی سریع
اکبر ایراندوخت حسین بریجانیان مصطفی دهقانی مبارکه -
Open Access Article
68 - Substitution of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables in the form of DSGE model
mohammad pouraghdam taghi torabi abbas memarnezhad teymor mohammadiThe purpose of this article was to investigate the replacement of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the period 201 MoreThe purpose of this article was to investigate the replacement of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the period 2018-2019 with seasonal frequency have been used. In the model designed in this article, it is assumed that due to the use of virtual money, a substitution between virtual money and traditional money will happen in people's asset portfolio. In this study, the shock caused by the price and volume of Bitcoin transactions is considered as an indicator for the demand for virtual currency. The results show that the shock from virtual currencies has led to a decrease in the demand for traditional money, in other words, there has been a substitution between holding traditional money and virtual money. In addition, the results indicated that due to the shock of virtual currencies, the amount of consumption in the economy has increased, and on the other hand, the amount of government income from royalties and money printing has decreased. Also, the results showed that the government's tax revenues have also decreased due to the trend of financial resources in the economy towards the demand of virtual currencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - A Think on the Fair Internet Disputes Resolution
Seyyed Kamal Hosseini جواد نیک نژادImbalance power between the parties has been a concern for jurists. This power inequality has a variety of reasons, such as the complexity of the issue, previous and frequent acquaintances with similar cases, and the use of competent lawyers and legal advisers. In this MoreImbalance power between the parties has been a concern for jurists. This power inequality has a variety of reasons, such as the complexity of the issue, previous and frequent acquaintances with similar cases, and the use of competent lawyers and legal advisers. In this study in order to resolve this inequality and imbalance between the parties, attention has been paid to how to apply the principle of due process of law over arbitration in litigation and internet disputes. As a result, due to the lack of free choice and the repetitive role of the actor, this principle requires that the imposition of an arbitration clause be prohibited or restricted before arising disputes as to contracts concluded with consumers. Also, some cases could not be referred to arbitration and should be interpreted in favor of the consumer if there is any ambiguity in the arbitration agreements. The government should provide mechanisms to reduce arbitration costs. The arbitration award must be reasoned and made public. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - بررسی اثر شوک مالیاتهای مستقیم بر تولید ناخالص داخلی و تورم در ایران در چارچوب یک مدل تعادل عمومی پویای تصادفی
سید نظام الدین مکیان حسین توکلیان سید محمد صالح نجفی فرا شاه -
Open Access Article
71 - Investigation and identification of possible conflicts in the implementation of macroprudential policies with the objectives of monetary policy (output and price stabilization) in the Iranian economy using the DSGE approach"
Parisa Tavako mehdi pedram Hossein TavakoliyanAbstractFollowing the financial crisis of 2008-2007, the use of macroprudential measures to curb credit cycles became an economic policy in many countries. However, under certain conditions, the implementation of these policies may have negative effects on the output ga MoreAbstractFollowing the financial crisis of 2008-2007, the use of macroprudential measures to curb credit cycles became an economic policy in many countries. However, under certain conditions, the implementation of these policies may have negative effects on the output gap and price stability, which are the goals of monetary policy. In this paper, by designing a a closed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for the Iranian economy in the period 1369: 1 to 1399: 2 and macroprudential tools loan-to-value restrictions and countercyclical capital buffer and shocks including productivity, bank capital and monetary policy shocks is used and the conflicts (increasing variance ) resulting from the implementation of macroprudential policy on monetary policy objectives was examined.The results show that with the occurrence of shocks, the implementation of loan-to-value ratio requirements does not conflict with production and inflation, and with more response of this tool, the variance of production and inflation reduced monotically, indicating a complementary relationship of this macroprudential tool with monetary policy objectives. Therefore a policymaker can use this macroprudential tool with less concern.However, the requirement of countercyclical capital buffer after the occurrence of these shocks is initially in conflict with price stabilization and output, which with a more severe reaction of this macroprudential tool reduces inflation and output fluctuations and reduces its adverse side effects. However, the exception is the variance of inflation in the monetary policy impulse, which increases with the intensification of the loan-to-value ratio, and with the intensification of countercyclical capital buffer,inflation is initially decreasing and after reaching its minimum value, it rises. . The results of this study can be useful for how macroprudential and monetary policies are organized and how to coordinate between these two policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Effect of Uncertainty of Oil Revenue on Exchange Rate In Iran
Mahmod Khataee Roya SayfipourOil revenue is the major source of foreign exchange revenues in Iran economy. Since the oil sector managed by the government, the exchange rate in Iran is highly affected by the government decision. Also oil revenue is a function of oil price and its world demand. So th MoreOil revenue is the major source of foreign exchange revenues in Iran economy. Since the oil sector managed by the government, the exchange rate in Iran is highly affected by the government decision. Also oil revenue is a function of oil price and its world demand. So the Iranian economy was fluctuated by uncertainty in the amount of oil revenue. Consequently uncertainty should have the major role in determining exchange rate. The main aim of this article is to analyses main factors of determining exchange rate including uncertainty in the market. For this purpose , future equilibrium exchange rate is estimated based on the assumptions of two scenarios including uncertainty factors. Comparing the equilibrium and controlled exchange rate shows that there is a high deviation between current rate and equilibrium exchange rate which will create a sharp increase of exchange rate in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - تأثیر انحراف نرخ ارز واقعی بر صادرات صنعت فولاد در ایران
هدی مشهدی محمدی عباس شاکری محمود محمودزاده -
Open Access Article
74 - برآورد ضریب فزاینده مالی در ایران با تاکید بر نحوه خرج کرد درآمدهای نفتی
مریم مهدی زاده یگانه موسوی جهرمی الهام غلامی احمد سرلک -
Open Access Article
75 - WHEN DOES GOVERNMENT DEBT CROWD OUT PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN IRAN? DSGE APPOACH
طیبه نسرین دوست کریم امامی سید شمس الدین حسینی کامبیز پیکارجوIn this paper, the effect of government debt crowd out on private sector investment in the Iranian economy is investigated, using the New keynesian model in a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model (DSGE) and the Bayesian estimation solution method during the years 1997-2 MoreIn this paper, the effect of government debt crowd out on private sector investment in the Iranian economy is investigated, using the New keynesian model in a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model (DSGE) and the Bayesian estimation solution method during the years 1997-2017 .Financing government resources is important, especially in recent years, when government issues bonds and it is necessary to apply shocks and examine the effects of government policy. In this regard, several policy shocks have been applied to the system and the response between fiscal and monetary policies has been examined. The results show that direct government policy interventions are made, the effect of crowd out government debt on private investment is greater than in conditions where there is a market system or at least less government policy.Contrary to the conventional view, no systematic relationships between real interest rates and private investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Government Spending and the Transmission Channels of Their Effects on Macroeconomic Variables: A DSGE Approach
انوشیروان تقی پور هما اصفهانیانAbstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, MoreAbstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, the effect of government spending depends on how the spending is financed. Oil in the Iranian economy plays a significant role, so that more than 45% of the budget is directly financed by oil revenue. Therefore, oil plays a major role in macroeconomic variables fluctuations. The aim of this paper is that while explaining the business cycle behavior of the oil income, its relation with some relevant macroeconomic variables including government expenditures, investment, growth, inflation and money is examined as well. To end this, we use a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to explain the transmission channels of oil revenues effect on macroeconomic variables through the government budget, public capital stock and monetary base channels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - هزینه رفاه شوک های خارجی و قاعده بهینه سیاستپولی برای اقتصاد ایران
سجاد برومند تیمور محمدی جمشید پژویان اسداله فرزین وش عباس معمار نژاد -
Open Access Article
78 - The Effect of Energy Price Shocks on Iran's Oil-centric Economy base on New-Keynesian Modeling Method and Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Equations
علی محمدی پور علی سلمانپور زنوز سید فخرالدین فخرحسینیExtensive subsidies and excessive energy consumption have necessitated the need to reform consumption pattern and price. The present study seeks to investigate the effects of energy carrier price reform on important macroeconomic variables and for this purpose, a small MoreExtensive subsidies and excessive energy consumption have necessitated the need to reform consumption pattern and price. The present study seeks to investigate the effects of energy carrier price reform on important macroeconomic variables and for this purpose, a small open New-Keynesian DSGE model has been calibrated and simulated for Iran. The results of impulse response functions analysis show that the detrimental effects on household consumption, enterprise investment, non-oil production and total output as a result of positive price shocks in energy carriers can negatively impact Iran's economy for at least 30 periods. A accelerated decline in investment over the course of nine periods and a return to a stable level over 25 periods can also be a crisis. Therefore, the need for complementary policies to encourage investment and counteract price increases, as well as the role of the government in efficient subsidies redistribution and infrastructure investment, can be extremely important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The role of stock market shocks on macroeconomic variables in the form of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model
Yazdan Gudarzi Farahani Babak Esmaili Morvarid Khajeh Vahid Mahboubi MatinAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency has been used. Modern financial systems usually include financing from the financial assets market in addition to financing the banking sector. The interaction between the stock market and aggregate activity has received much attention in the past decade. In this regard, traditionally, the stock price usually affects the stock market as the discounted current value of the expected stock profits. In this framework, stock prices are influenced by both production (through profits and dividends) and interest rates (through the rate at which future dividends are discounted). In this study, the capital market shock has an effect on the economy through the channel of consumption expenditures of households and investment expenditures of companies. The direct effects of stock price fluctuations on total spending have made the stock capital market known as a leading indicator in the economy. The obtained results indicated that the reaction of macroeconomic variables to the demand shock was more intense than the shock from the supply side, and only the variables of tax revenues and bank facilities showed a negative reaction to the demand shock in the conditions of the supply shock. Also, the amount of employment has shown a positive reaction in response to the shock on the supply and demand side in the capital market Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - تأثیر تغییرات ساختاری بر رفاه اقتصادی در ایران،رهیافت مدلهای تعادل عمومی محاسبهپذیر
منصور مهینی زاده کاظم یاوری سید عبدالمجید جلایی بهروز جعفر زاده -
Open Access Article
81 - نقش پویاییهای نرخ تورم در سیاست پولی ایران: یک مدل DSGE
یوسف حیاتی کیومرث سهیلی علیرضا عرفانی -
Open Access Article
82 - Investigating the effect of electronic receipt and payment tools on reducing government and bank costs
Behzad Alinejadi Ahmed Sarlak Cambys HejbarKianiAbstractToday To continue their economic life, financial institutions are required to adopt e-banking methods in order to be more competitive, reduce operating costs, increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer service. Electronic services and the develo MoreAbstractToday To continue their economic life, financial institutions are required to adopt e-banking methods in order to be more competitive, reduce operating costs, increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer service. Electronic services and the development of e-banking are a big step towards reducing costs, reducing government spending and even controlling cost. This study aims to investigate the effect of e-banking in reducing banking operating costs and reducing government spending by using a random dynamic general equilibrium and considering the economic sectors of households, enterprises, government and monetary authority and information of private and public banks. To study in the period of 1375-1396. The results indicate that the use of electronic payment and receipt tools will lead to further reductions in bank costs, as well as lower energy prices and government spending. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The effects of electricity tariff liberalization on economic growth in the form of calculable general equilibrium model (CGE)
Aliakbar Mehrabian Abbas Memarnezhad Seyedshamsoldin Hosseini Farhad GhafariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electricity tariff liberalization on value added and growth of different economic sectors based on designing a general equilibrium model that can be calculated for Iran and using the social accounting matrix in MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electricity tariff liberalization on value added and growth of different economic sectors based on designing a general equilibrium model that can be calculated for Iran and using the social accounting matrix in 2011. The government intended to organize the use of energy subsidies in addition to establishing justice in society by implementing the law on targeted subsidies. In this study, the policy of subsidy reform and electricity tariff liberalization has been studied in the form of two scenarios. The first scenario was a 50% reduction in subsidies paid in the electricity sector and the second scenario was the complete elimination of subsidies in the electricity sector. The results of this study showed that the change in electricity tariffs has led to an increase in value added growth in various economic sectors in both scenarios. Meanwhile, the sectors of oil and natural gas, food and electricity supply, water and gas have shown the highest growth in the second scenario compared to the first scenario, and the sectors of construction, wood and paper, non-metallic minerals and other industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigation and Comparison of the Financing Costs Through the Financial Intermediates on Household Behavior(DSGE Model)
hamidreza izadiFinancing to implement macroeconomic policies in the public and private sectors is one of the most important factors in achieving economic goals in any country. On the one hand, easy access and on the other hand, amount of financing costs of these funds via the financia MoreFinancing to implement macroeconomic policies in the public and private sectors is one of the most important factors in achieving economic goals in any country. On the one hand, easy access and on the other hand, amount of financing costs of these funds via the financial intermediaries whose role is to provide these resources, can lead to change in the dynamics of macroeconomic variables and Consider as an important factor in volatilities in business cycle. Given the importance of role of financing costs in economic modeling, this paper seeks to investigate the role of borrowing and financing costs in economic models by designing a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and Compare the impact of such costs on the behavior of macroeconomic variables. Comparison of the results of the impulse-response functions of the variables shows that the entering of financing costs into the model led to reduce of the impact of shocks on the variables. In fact, the existence of these costs can change household investment decisions and cause investment to be delayed until the financing costs of financial intermediates are at their lowest and the investment horizon changed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Estimation and Comparison of Short-Term Interest Rate Equilibrium Models Using Islamic Treasury Bills
moslem peymany zohreh hooshangiIn the following paper, short-term interest rate is modeled using some of the most prevalent single factor equilibrium models in Iran. In this research, model’s performance is compared to each other using some indicators relating to model fitness, interest volatil MoreIn the following paper, short-term interest rate is modeled using some of the most prevalent single factor equilibrium models in Iran. In this research, model’s performance is compared to each other using some indicators relating to model fitness, interest volatility and interest level changes. For this purpose, Islamic treasury bill yield data were obtained from the period 1394 to 1395 and the models were estimated using generalized method of moments. The findings of this research illustrate that Brennan-Schwartz and CKLS models perform better in interest rate fitness compared to other restricted models. Also, Brennan-Schwartz model show more predictive power than other models. In addition, short-term interest rate of Islamic Treasury Bill exhibit some mean reverting feature and the level of long term mean is estimated as well. Although all the models perform poorly in interest rate volatility fitness, there are some evidences showing that it is sensitive to the level of interest rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Happiness and Productivity of Labor in Iran: Econometric Method and Systems Dynamic Approaches
Nematollah Falihi-Pirbasti S. Rahbari-NezhadThehappiness economic subject, like human capital and environmental economics, is very important from micro and macroeconomic perspectives, and effective on economic growth and productivity. The goals of this research are the study of labor happiness economics and facto MoreThehappiness economic subject, like human capital and environmental economics, is very important from micro and macroeconomic perspectives, and effective on economic growth and productivity. The goals of this research are the study of labor happiness economics and factors affecting happiness economic index. Here the happiness is divided into the goods and intellectual happiness. The goods happiness was studied using literature, economic, and system dynamic model approaches whereas, intellectual happiness was analyzed using data collected by questionnaires. The effect of happiness on economic growth was analyzed, as well. In the system dynamic approach, such variables as pollution and householdexpenditure were usedan different general equilibrium scenarios were considered. The results showed that increase in the happiness caused increase in productivity of labor. Health, job satisfaction and feelings of job security caused positive impact on happiness feeling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Effect of Cooling Rate and Copper Content on the Non-Equilibrium Eutectic Formation in Binary Al-Cu Alloys by Computer- Aided Cooling Curve Method
Mehdi Dehnavi Mohsen Haddad SabzevarIn this study, the effect of cooling rate and copper addition was taken into consideration in non- equilibrium eutectic transformation of binary Al-Cu melt via cooling curve analysis. For this purpose, melts with different copper weight percent of 2.2, 3.7 and 4.8 MoreIn this study, the effect of cooling rate and copper addition was taken into consideration in non- equilibrium eutectic transformation of binary Al-Cu melt via cooling curve analysis. For this purpose, melts with different copper weight percent of 2.2, 3.7 and 4.8 were prepared and cooled in controlled rates of 0.04 and 0.42 °C/sec. Results show that, latent heat of alloy highly depends upon the post- solidification cooling rate and composition. As copper content of alloy and cooling rate increase, achieved non- equilibrium eutectic phase increases that leads to release of much latent heat and appearing of second deviation in cooling curve. This deviation can be seen in first time derivative curve in the form of a definite peak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - بررسی تاثیر 24 ساعت بی خوابی بر تعادل پویای بازیکنان بدمینتون 16-12 سال
محمد عزیزی ناصر بهپور عرفان کاکائی حمیده شریف زاده -
Open Access Article
89 - تأثیر یک دوره فعالیت بدنی منتخب بر عملکرد تعادل ایستا و پویای دختران نوجوان سالم
لیلا قادری قهفرخی فرناز ترابی آذر آقایاری -
Open Access Article
90 - بررسی تغییرات مقیاس تعادلی برگ پس از انجام تمرینات ویبریشن تمام بدن و بی تمرینی توسط مردان سالمند سالم
سید صدرالدین شجاع الدین حسین برنجیان تبریزی هادی با شفاعت سیاوش دستمنش -
Open Access Article
91 - The Effect of a Period of Selected Exercise on the Function of Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Teenager Girls
لیلا قادری قهفرخی فرناز ترابی آذر آقایاریAbstractThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A comb MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of Women Referred to Counseling Centers of Tehran
Monireh Kordloo جواد خلعتبری bagher sanaiThe purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of women referred to counseling centers of Tehran psychological organizations. In this s MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of women referred to counseling centers of Tehran psychological organizations. In this study, 42 subjects of married women referring to counseling centers of the Psychological Organization were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 14 each. The three questionnaires were SWLS for life satisfaction, SF-36 for quality of life, and Oxford questionnaire was given to the clients as pre-test and post-test. The control group received only pre-test and post-test without any intervention; the experimental groups were trained in a 12-session positive-balance method using an Islamic approach based on balance selection. After a few months, tests were repeated in two experimental groups to evaluate the reliability of treatment. The results of the comparisons indicated that the psychotherapy based on the positivist approach compared with the control group significantly increased the participants' scores on the scales of quality of life, happiness and satisfaction. Participants of the Islamic approach based on balance selection compared with the control group also showed a significant increase in scores of Quality of Life (p and happiness .There was a significant difference between the scores of the participants in the Islamic approach group based on the balance selection, and control in the follow-up and the satisfaction scores of the women in the Islamic approach group from the post-test to the follow-up significantly increased. Keyword: Positive Psychology, Islamic Approach Based on Balance Selection, Quality of Life, Life Satisfaction, Happiness and Married Women Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The effectiveness of emotional self-efficacy on emotional relationship and action acceptance in couples
Razieh Beigi Alireza Lotfi nokabadiTrying to improve the acceptance of action and maintaining the emotional relationship can improve the married life of couples, which makes the application of psychological models. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiven MoreTrying to improve the acceptance of action and maintaining the emotional relationship can improve the married life of couples, which makes the application of psychological models. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotional efficiency on emotional self and action comprehensibility in couples. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The second study was conducted on couples who referred to family counseling centers in Isfahan in the middle of 2023. From the mentioned society, 30 couples were selected in a purposeful way and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The pre-test was done through Diener et al.'s affect balance scale (2010) and Connor and Davidson's action flexibility questionnaire (2003). In the next stage, the experimental group underwent 8 weekly 90-minute emotional self-efficacy sessions. The control group was on the waiting list during this time. After the sessions, the post-test was administered. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that the average difference between the two groups in emotional balance and action flexibility scores is significant (p<0.05). Therefore, specialists can benefit from emotional self-efficacy therapy in order to improve emotional balance and action flexibility in couples Manuscript profile
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