Sport and exercise have traditionally been acknowledged for their positive effects on physical health. However, recent attention has focused on their influence on mental health and socialization. This article examines the current scientific evidence regarding the impact of exercise on neurotransmitters associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, and oxytocin. By exploring the effects of exercise on these neurotransmitters, we explain the mechanisms through which exercise promotes positive emotions, reduced stress, and enhanced social interactions. Additionally, we discuss the role of exercise in improving brain plasticity and its subsequent impact on cognitive function and socialization. Understanding these neurobiological processes can guide the incorporation of exercise into daily routines as an effective strategy for promoting mental well-being and optimizing socialization outcomes.Keywords: neurotransmitters, exercise, sport, socializationSport and exercise have traditionally been associated with physical health benefits, but their impact on mental health and socialization has recently garnered attention. Recent studies have highlighted the positive effects of regular physical activity on mood enhancement, stress reduction, and improved social interactions. These benefits are attributed, in part, to the influence of exercise on neurotransmitters within the brain, which play a crucial role in regulating emotions, motivation, and social bonding. This article aims to review the current scientific evidence regarding the impact of sport and exercise on neurotransmitters associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, and oxytocin.1. Dopamine:Dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and reward, is implicated in the enjoyment derived from physical activity. Research suggests that exercise can increase dopamine release in the brain, leading to improved mood and motivation (1). Notably, Landgren et al. (2010) observed higher levels of dopamine receptors in physically active individuals, indicating potential long-term effects on the brain's reward system and promoting positive emotions and behaviors conducive to socialization (2).2. Serotonin:Serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with happiness and well-being, is influenced by exercise. Evidence suggests that exercise can increase serotonin release, thereby reducing stress and anxiety (3). By alleviating negative emotions, exercise facilitates improved social interactions and bonding. Kandola et al. (2019) demonstrated that individuals engaged in regular physical activity exhibited higher levels of serotonin, leading to enhanced mood and reduced anxiety (4). These findings emphasize the role of exercise in fostering positive emotional states favorable to socialization.3. Endorphins:Endorphins, neurotransmitters responsible for excitement and pain relief, are also affected by exercise. Studies indicate that exercise promotes endorphin release, which in turn reduces stress, anxiety, and enhances mood and social bonding (5). Herring et al. (2019) found that individuals who engaged in regular physical activity exhibited higher levels of endorphins, resulting in improved temper and social bonding (6). These findings highlight how exercise-induced endorphin release contributes to positive emotions and social bonding, ultimately facilitating socialization.4. Oxytocin:Oxytocin, both a hormone and neurotransmitter, is closely associated with social bonding and trust. Exercise has been shown to increase oxytocin release in the brain, promoting social bonding and trust (7). This effect enhances positive social interactions and relationships. Heinrichs et al. (2003) indicated that regular physical activity resulted in higher levels of oxytocin, correlating with increased trust and social bonding (8). The findings emphasize the role of exercise in facilitating positive social bonding and trust, fostering an environment conducive to socialization.Brain Plasticity:Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to new experiences. Exercise has been found to enhance brain plasticity, leading to improved cognitive function, including social cognition and communication (9). This effect positively impacts social interactions and relationships. Voelcker-Rehage et al. (2010) demonstrated that regular physical activity improved cognitive function and social communication skills (10). These findings underscore the role of exercise in promoting enhanced cognitive function, which ultimately supports improved socialization.Conclusion:Sport and exercise exert positive effects on neurotransmitters variables associated with socialization, including dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, oxytocin, and brain plasticity. The release of these neurotransmitters through exercise enhances mood, reduces stress and anxiety, increases motivation, and facilitates social interactions. Moreover, exercise promotes brain plasticity, improving cognitive function and augmenting social interactions. Consequently, incorporating exercise into daily routines represents an effective method for promoting mental health and enhancing socialization outcomes. Manuscript profile

The purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statistical population included specialists and experts such as professors in the field of sociology, sports sociology, women's sports officials in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this research was equal to 16 people based on the theoretical saturation index. The measurement tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding by analyzing the text of the interviews and after conceptualization in the open coding stage, 60 primary concepts (first level) and 13 secondary themes (level 2) and 4 main themes of unequal gender opportunities, gender justice infrastructures, unfamiliar gender norms and social barriers based on gender (third level) were identified. Manuscript profile

Objective:Native and local games of Isfahan province have faced stagnation in the past years, and based on the evidence, this valuable cultural heritage has been forgotten over time, which has caused concern for the people of the province. Therefore, the purpose of the present research identify the factors affecting the development of native and local games in Isfahan province.Methodology: The approach of this study is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenology. Its statistical population was made up of all university professors and experts and veterans and departments of cultural heritage, education and culture, Islamic culture and guidance, sports and youth affairs, as well as the public sports and local native games board of Isfahan province. In this study, theoretical saturation was reached with ten interviews. The sample was selected purposefully. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and using MAXQDA20 software, the data was open and axially coded. To check the validity of the research, the external referee method was used, and two external referees monitored the research. Also, to check the reliability after three experts coded the data, the agreement reliability between the coders was used, and the Cohen's kappa reliability coefficient was used between the raters. And the researcher was above 0.90 in all the interviews, which indicates the reliability of the analysis.Results: The findings of the research showed that finally 102 codes were identified as factors influencing the development of local indigenous games in Isfahan province, which were classified into 20 subcategories and 6 main categories. These 6 factors, in order of importance, include organizational factors, cultural factors, social factors, infrastructure factors, human factors and economic factors.Conclusion: In order to develop the local native games, the managers of the related departments of the province have considered the priorities mentioned in this research in their plans to promote and promote the local native games in the province.On the other hand, with the boom of local native games among people, different people play local native games in different situations, such as before official games or family gatherings or other cases. This work increases the morale of people and makes them enjoy their time. Manuscript profile

Objective: Considering that football, as a popular sport, is based on the supporter's axis, the importance of supporter's cultural competence has become an important issue despite the presence of multicultural environments. In order to understand it, the present study aims to analyze the lived experience of fans in football. Fan cultural competencies have become an important issue due to the fan-centric nature of football as a popular sport on the one hand and the importance of competencies in multicultural environments. To understand it, the present study intends to analyze the lived experience of fans in the sport of football. Accordingly, the purpose of phenomenological research is the lived experience of fans in football in the field of understanding the cultural competencies of fans. Methodology: The phenomenological research method is descriptive and based on the collage model. The research community was members of the Sepahan Isfahan Sports Fans Association and the club's cultural directors of these, 20 research samples were saturated. The purposive sampling method was standard dependent and inconsistent. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was verified through external auditors, in-depth descriptions, return to interviewees, and two coders. Results: After implementing information and coding the data, the research findings were classified into three categories including cognitive, emotional and behavioral competencies. Cognitive competencies include advocacy literacy development, awareness gap control, avoidance of social and cultural bias, strengthening positive cultural memory and attitudes, and behavioral competencies including cultural self-efficacy, cultural monitoring, role modeling and social and cultural responsibility, and emotional competencies including emotional capital development, strengthens self-will, reproduces the culture of youth and strengthens women's culture. Conclusion: The cultural competences of the fans will be one of the main prerequisites of sports with the breadth and cultural diversity resulting from multicultural environments. The growing trend of cultural and sports clubs' fan centers trying to turn ordinary people into professional fans increases the need to pay attention to these skills. There is a capacity of sports enthusiasts to accept the fan club as a value-added feature for the sports club. Paying attention to cultural competencies creates a competitive advantage for the clubs that develop the fan base. Manuscript profile

Objective: The objective of this research is to comprehensively explore the factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying causes in order to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Methodology: The methodology employed in this study follows a grounded theory approach to investigate the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The researchers collected data through a combination of library studies, semi-structured interviews, and in-depth interviews. This mixed-methods approach allowed for a comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA20 software, which facilitated efficient coding and organization of the interview transcripts. The study population consisted of senior sports managers, education organization managers, sports teachers, and sports management professors who had published relevant books and articles. Sampling was conducted purposefully, utilizing successive and snowball sampling techniques, resulting in a sample size of 15 participants. The researchers employed Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluation criteria to ensure the quality and credibility of the qualitative findings, including validity, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the Foundation's data theory approach, incorporating a constructionist perspective inspired by Charmaz (2014). By employing this approach, the researchers aimed to identify the underlying factors and patterns that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The methodology allowed for a deep exploration of the subject, providing valuable insights into the complex dynamics at play. Results: The results of this study revealed several significant factors that influence vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The analysis of the data generated three main themes: individual factors, social factors, and environmental factors. Regarding individual factors, the findings indicated that personal characteristics and psychological factors play a crucial role in the occurrence of vandalism and violent behavior. Factors such as impulsivity, low self-control, aggression, and a lack of coping skills were identified as key contributors. Additionally, the participants' personal experiences, including exposure to violence and negative role models, were found to influence their behavior. Social factors were also found to have a significant impact on vandalism and violent behavior. Peer influence and group dynamics were identified as influential factors, with negative peer pressure and the desire to fit in being common triggers for such behaviors. Moreover, the participants highlighted the role of family support, parental control, and the influence of coaches and sports organizations in shaping their behavior. Environmental factors were found to contribute to vandalism and violent behavior as well. Factors such as inadequate facilities, overcrowding, lack of supervision, and the presence of rivalries were identified as environmental stressors that can escalate aggressive behavior among elite student-athletes. Overall, the study highlighted the complex interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors in influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The results emphasized the need for comprehensive preventive measures, including psychological interventions, education on anger management and conflict resolution, fostering positive peer relationships, and creating supportive and safe sporting environments. It is important to note that the findings of this study are specific to the context of elite student-athletes and may not be generalized to other populations. Further research is needed to explore these factors in different settings and populations and to develop targeted interventions to address vandalism and violent behavior among student-athletes. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study sheds light on the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The findings emphasized the need for a comprehensive approach to address this issue, taking into account individual, social, and environmental factors. The results highlighted the importance of understanding the personal characteristics and psychological factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior. Interventions should focus on developing coping skills, enhancing self-control, and providing psychological support to help student-athletes manage their emotions and impulses effectively. Additionally, it is crucial to address the negative influence of violent experiences and role models by promoting positive behaviors and providing appropriate guidance and counseling. Social factors played a significant role, with peer influence and group dynamics being identified as key factors in instigating vandalism and violent behavior. Interventions should aim to create a positive peer culture that discourages aggression and promotes prosocial behavior. Building strong support networks, fostering healthy relationships with coaches and sports organizations, and involving parents in the development of athletes can also contribute to reducing such behaviors. The study also highlighted the importance of addressing environmental factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior. Providing adequate facilities, ensuring proper supervision, and reducing overcrowding can help create a safe and supportive sporting environment. Moreover, fostering a sense of sportsmanship, promoting teamwork, and addressing rivalries through inclusive and collaborative approaches can contribute to a more positive and harmonious atmosphere. It is essential to acknowledge the limitations of this study. The findings are based on the specific context of elite student-athletes and may not apply universally. Further research should explore these factors in different populations and settings to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the issue. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. By addressing individual, social, and environmental factors, stakeholders can develop targeted interventions and preventive measures to promote positive behaviors and create a safe and supportive environment for student-athletes. Ultimately, fostering a culture of respect, sportsmanship, and personal growth can contribute to the overall well-being and success of elite student-athletes. Manuscript profile

Objective: Success in adolescent athletes is attributed to physical, technical, and mental attitude. However, the basis of success is factors such as lifestyle, support and various social factors that may have a successful performance. Training and observing lifestyle as a set of habits, behaviors and tastes for a long time in athletes preserves the possibility of flourishing high performance. But so far, lifestyle does not have a place in the development programs of athletes. On the other hand, one of the important components for establishing successful interpersonal relationships is social skills, which are determined by emotions and human behaviors. It should be noted that one of the elements of socialization in all cultures is the acquisition of social skills, and a person with better social skills can choose and present acceptable behavior in a certain time and situation. The purpose of this research Compilation of the educational program for the requirements of the sports lifestyle based on the social characteristics of the teenage football players in the pre-season has been done qualitatively and according to the needs of the athletes. Methodology: The present study is from the point of view of paradigm, critical, in terms of orientation, practical, in terms of perspective, inductive, in terms of method, qualitative, in terms of research environment, field, in terms of design, action research, in terms of concept, description, Explanation and prediction are from the point of view of tools, observation, interview. The participants of this study were 21 male adolescent athletes in the age range of 13, as well as the coach of this football team. Findings: Using the theme analysis method, the obtained data were analyzed. Finally, the comprehensive categories of sports lifestyle (team cohesion - empathy, communication, social behaviors, moral judgment, reviving the sense of responsibility, social networks, problem solving, management of feelings and emotions) were identified and extracted. Conclusion: In general, the results of this research showed that it is important to pay attention to the identified needs and the duration of the pre-season to change the athletes' lifestyle. Therefore, in accordance with the findings of this research, it is suggested that coaches, psychologists, sports managers pay due attention to environmental, social and individual factors in order to achieve the success and goals of the team in order to prepare the sports lifestyle training program for teenage football players in the pre-seaso. Manuscript profile

Introduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is one of the first stages of health promotion management in society. An operational strategy for this purpose is exercise and physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to present a model of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development based on social constructionism. Methodology: The present study was conducted qualitatively and with the data theory method of the foundation. Research data was collected through purposeful sampling and snowball method and based on interviews with 21 experts with experience in the field of health-oriented sports. The data were coded and analyzed based on the data-based theory and Cahrmaz's constructivist approach. Findings: 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 core codes were identified. The main factors of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development have been identified, including the main players, education, sustainable physical activity, health promotion management, planning, trainers, sports areas, literacy and sense of sustainability. Conclusion: The main factors identified with 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 central codes were identified. It is suggested that the officials of the organizations review the mission and vision of their organizations with the approach of the management role of promoting health with sports in order to achieve sustainable development. Introduction: Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is one of the first stages of health promotion management in society. An operational strategy for this purpose is exercise and physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to present a model of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development based on social constructionism. Methodology: The present study was conducted qualitatively and with the data theory method of the foundation. Research data was collected through purposeful sampling and snowball method and based on interviews with 21 experts with experience in the field of health-oriented sports. The data were coded and analyzed based on the data-based theory and Cahrmaz's constructivist approach. Findings: 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 core codes were identified. The main factors of the role of health promotion management with sports in Iran's sustainable development have been identified, including the main players, education, sustainable physical activity, health promotion management, planning, trainers, sports areas, literacy and sense of sustainability. Conclusion: The main factors identified with 117 primary codes, 44 central or selective codes and finally 9 central codes were identified. It is suggested that the officials of the organizations review the mission and vision of their organizations with the approach of the management role of promoting health with sports in order to achieve sustainable development. Manuscript profile

Introduction Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Presenting a model of the effect of fans' trust on the social behavior of managers and the success of cultural and sports clubs (case study of Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club). Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included all fans of Esteghlal Club. The sample size was 384 people using Cochran's online formula. The research data gathering tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed by reviewing the literature and the background of the research, 52 items under three axes managers' empowering behavior, club success and fans' trust, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in a form and content manner. And its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha value of 0.81. The method of data collection was available. The collected data were analyzed based on path analysis of structural equations in PLS software. Results: The results showed that in general, the trust of the fans had an effect on the success of the Esteghlal club in the Premier League competitions with the mediating role of the empowering behaviors of the club managers. Conclusion: Managers' proper understanding of the positive effects of social behavior in dealing with fans and club members can pave the way to success so that proper communication with fans, paying attention to the demands of coaches and athletes, and establishing proper communication with other stakeholders from Financial sponsors are very important examples of social behavior of managers. Methodology The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included all fans of Esteghlal Club. The sample size was 384 people using Cochran's formula. The research data gathering tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed by reviewing the literature and the background of the research, 52 items under three axes managers' empowering behavior, club success and fans' trust, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in a form and content manner. and its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha value of 0.81. The method of data collection was available. The collected data were analyzed based on path analysis of structural equations in PLS software. Findings The results showed that in general, the trust of the fans had an effect on the success of the Esteghlal club in the Premier League competitions with the mediating role of the empowering behaviors of the club managers. Conclusion Therefore, managers of football clubs must gain the trust of the fans in some way so that their support for the club will lead to success. Because loyal fans are one of the main factors for the success and profitability of clubs. Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club can gain the trust of the fans by changing the approach in the behavior of its executives, especially senior managers, and have a positive effect on the social structure of the club. Manuscript profile

Abstract:Purpose: The purpose of this research was to analyze the causal relation between fan loyalty and types of riots among fans of Iran's premier football league clubs in the 22nd round of this tournament.Methodology: The method of this research was applied in terms of purpose and correlation-causal in nature, which was conducted as a survey. Since the exact number of the statistical population of the research was not available, the sample size was considered equal to 425 people, and finally 381 questionnaires were completely completed and returned, and were analyzed. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling method and based on geographical regions. In order to collect data from two standard questionnaires; Loyalty of fans and all kinds of riots were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.84 in the fan loyalty scale and 0.87 in the chaos scale). In order to analyze the data, statistical tests, including the structural equation model, and SPSS version 23 and SmartPLS version 3 software were used.Results and findings: The results of the research showed that the level of fan loyalty is higher than the average level (x=3.14, t=4.01, p≤0.001) and the amount of riot among the fans of Iran's premier football league teams is lower than the average level. (x=2.82, t=3.32, p≤0.001). In addition, the findings indicate that fan loyalty had a significant effect on the reduction of riots among fans of the Iranian Premier League (β=0.66, t=22.67, p≤0.001). Therefore, it was found that increasing the loyalty of football fans can be effective in controlling and reducing all types of chaos among them. Therefore, it was found that increasing the loyalty of football fans can be effective in controlling and reducing all types of chaos among them. Therefore, the managers and officials of the league organization and the clubs participating in the competitions should develop programs in order to promote the loyalty of the fans so that they can control them well in case of the possibility of riotous behavior.Therefore, it was found that increasing the loyalty of football fans can be effective in controlling and reducing all types of chaos among them. Therefore, the managers and officials of the league organization and the clubs participating in the competitions should develop programs in order to promote the loyalty of the fans so that they can control them well in case of the possibility of riotous behavior Manuscript profile

AbstractObjective: Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, intellectual abilities, and also the important characteristics of the profession. is The purpose of the current research is to explain the factors that shape the improvement of students' social status through sports activities: a case study of medical students.Methodology: The current research is of a mixed type, in terms of the purpose of the developmental-applicative type, the plan of its implementation is sequential-exploratory, and it was carried out in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes the assistant professors of physical education of the universities of medical sciences in the country, professors with books or research in the field of student sports, high-ranking people of the National Federation of University Sports, and for the quantitative part of the research, all students of medical sciences universities throughout Iran as a community were studied. The sampling method in the qualitative part included the purposeful sampling method (deliberate or judgmental), and the sampling was done using the snowball technique until the theoretical saturation was reached; which was obtained after interviewing 19 people. In the quantitative part, cluster random method was used and finally 400 people were selected as a sample. The data collection tool was used in the qualitative part of the semi-structured, in-depth and exploratory interview; The research audit was done with the methods of believability, transferability, reliability and verifiability. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. However, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire from the qualitative part of the tool was used. Content validity was measured and confirmed by 10 expert professors in a corrective manner and in accordance with the objectives, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. Maxqda, SPSS and Amos software were used for the analysis.Results: The results showed that the codes extracted from the interview in 6 main categories are equal to 191 codes, the causal conditions are equal to 7 components and 27 codes, the central phenomenon is equal to 3 components and 11 extracted codes, the background conditions are equal to With 7 components and 36 extracted codes, intervention conditions are equal to 8 components and 41 extracted codes, strategic conditions are equal to 8 components and 43 codes, and consequential conditions are equal to 5 components and 24 extracted codes. Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the causal factors on the central phenomenon (r=0.84); the central phenomenon on strategic factors (r=0.75); background factors over strategic factors (r=0.29); Interfering factors have a positive and significant effect on strategic factors (r=0.55) and strategic factors on outcome factors (r=0.28) (p≥0.05).Conclusion: The development of university sports can guarantee the health of students and one of the effective factors in the development of sports in the country. Accordingly, the role of universities is important for the development of sports in the country. Identifying the platforms and factors for the development of sports in universities, especially universities of medical sciences, in addition to improving the health of students, improves the social status of students. What seems to be very important and necessary is the formulation of macro goals, policies and implementation strategies of university sports for students of medical sciences universities in a targeted manner and in accordance with the fourth development plan and the comprehensive system of physical education and sports. be the country Finally, by applying this model, we can hope that a tremendous change will be achieved in the field of improving the social status of medical students. Manuscript profile

The sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other social realities (Brett, 2009). This is despite the fact that social order is one of the most important issues and topics discussed and, accordingly, it is one of the most central areas of sociological knowledge. On the other hand, sports in its group form as one of the most important social activities plays an effective role in the cultural conditions of the society. To meet the changing needs of customers, organizations need to produce and provide new and high-standard products and services in a fast and flexible way. The traditional structures of Taylorism that were used effectively in the past are not suitable in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Many scientists in various fields from all over the world came together to respond to this growing pressure. The basis of the success of these scientists is the need for organizational dynamics (Claretha, 2010). Organizational dynamism is a basic approach to managing environmental uncertainty and is considered as the dynamic ability of the organization to actively respond to the changing competitive environment, which may create a sustainable competitive advantage for the company (Ketkar & Sett, 2010). Research Lehman Wilmbrook and Allen (2018) showed that organizational dynamism has a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of hospitals, and the more dynamic the organization is, the better it can react to environmental changes. In their research results, Besli et al. (2023) acknowledge that organizational culture is one of the factors influencing organizational dynamics. A review of the background of the research shows that a research that has not been done specifically to examine and identify the factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a sociological approach; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a social sociological approach and providing solutions to improve the current situation.MethodologyThis research was conducted in a mixed way in terms of practical orientation and in terms of data collection methods. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, 371 people were selected. According to the nature of the research, data collection in the first part was done using in-depth semi-structured interviews in order to conduct the interview, The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The value of alpha coefficient in this research for the used questionnaire was reported as 0.89. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative section according to the foundation's data theory method. This method emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open, central and selective coding, and in the quantitative part, using inferential statistics methods including calculating the construct validity of the questionnaire and examining its exploratory factor analysis structure using Spss version 24 software. The calculation and testing of the final model of the research was done with the analysis of structural equations through Imus 24 software.Findings In the continuation of the goodness of fit test, the research model was confirmed. The indices along with the coefficients obtained from the research are mentioned in the table below.Table 1. Fit indices for the research modelModel fit indices AGFI GFI CFI IFI NFI RMR RMSEA CMIN/DFThe amount obtained 0.80>80 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.1< 0.1< 3<Criterion value 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.067 2.94Based on the index values presented for this model in Table 5, the Kaido index is less than 3 for its degree of freedom, and the fit indices of NFI, CFI, IFI, GFI and AGFI are greater than 0.8, RMSEA and RMR are also smaller than 0.1. that confirmed the fit of the model.ConclusionConsidering the importance of organizational dynamics in the current situation, for the country's sports organizations, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the identification of the influencing factors on the dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the form of a model. In this research, 7 influencing factors on organizational dynamics were identified, and their prioritization includes organizational structure, human resources, new management style, organizational policies, organizational culture, competitiveness, and acceptance of change.Based on the results of this research, one should look for approaches to change the socio-cognitive behavior of the employees of sports organizations; Because according to the results of the present study, changing the approach towards dynamic organizations is the only way to deal with continuous environmental changes and crises in sports; Therefore, according to the findings of the current research, it is recommended to the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations to use the necessary planning and investment for the development of dynamics in sports organizations based on the identified priorities, in order to deal with the continuous changes in the environment. While responding faster and coordinating with new laws and conditions, achieve the desired goals of the organization with creativity and discovery of innovative processes. Among the limitations of the current research in the qualitative part of the research is the possibility of different interpretations of the phenomenon under investigation, and naturally, the interpretation made of the phenomenon studied in this research is only one of the possible and acceptable interpretations about it. In the quantitative part, the impossibility of controlling environmental factors on statistical samples when answering questions is one of the limitations of the research. Finally, it can be said that the findings of this research clearly pointed to important steps that can lead to the improvement of the existing dynamic situation of the organization with a social sociological approach to reach the desired situation. Manuscript profile

Objective: The purpose of this study was to carefully study the past and present process, opportunities and threats of the external environment in analyzing the process of sports entrepreneurship in Ardabil.Methodology: The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this study consisted of specialists (professors), experts, experts and sports entrepreneurs of Ardabil province. Thirty people were selected as a statistical sample through purposive sampling. In this study, the PESTLE model was used to identify the factors affecting the development of sports entrepreneurship in Ardabil.Results: Factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship were identified from six perspectives (economic, socio-cultural), (environmental and climatic), (legal and legal), technological factors and political factors.The importance of the entrepreneurship debate is such that economists consider entrepreneurs as the engine of economic growth and development of society and scientists consider their management as one of the most important factors of organizational change and innovation in the present age. And will have variety. Increasing sponsorships and sports promotion will increase the economic prosperity that has provided the basis for activities and production of industries in Ardabil province, as well as the establishment of production factories and the construction of infrastructure for commercial and cultural centers. The leverage of sports for advertising will provide a platform for hardware and reduce costs and ultimately productive use.Sports entrepreneurship recognizes existing, creatable, or discoverable opportunities in the field of sports and uses those opportunities to create emerging entrepreneurial activity. Also, creating sports culture in the community and identifying sports culture and the existence of social capital, as well as extensive advertising and creating effective cultural advertisements can promote health and social vitality and stimulate social communication and create social dignity through sports for Ardabil province in the field of sports entrepreneurship. Creates. Management of sports venues and facilities is another field of sports that has the necessary ground for entrepreneurship. Stadiums, stadiums, swimming pools, racetracks and all kinds of sports are suitable for the sports venue, which makes the need for creative and efficient management unavoidable. Each of these departments requires specific managerial skills.Due to the fact that Ardabil province is cold and has suitable weather conditions for winter sports, and also due to the humidity and altitude of Ardabil province and the suitable climate for using some cold weather disciplines, it can improve the environmental and climatic conditions affecting entrepreneurship development. As well as weather conditions and tourism attraction can be a platform for adventure sports tourism, as well as an increase in recreation centers and shopping centers in recreational areas.Observance of regulations in all aspects of sports, as well as determining legal plans for entrepreneurship development, as well as creating classes and workshops, and determining executive and legal programs and training classes, including legal factors affecting entrepreneurship development, such as long-term lending for sports goods and Entrepreneurship protection laws and legal protections and compliance with regulations are among the things that can affect the development of entrepreneurship in Ardabil province.Considering that today, with the arrival of new technologies in the field of sports, new disciplines have emerged that have been of particular interest to adolescents and young people, as well as the use of world-class technology and the use of state-of-the-art technology for the private sector. Effective and efficient for the development of entrepreneurship can be effective in creating a sports technology software platform and the development of sports entrepreneurship in Ardabil province. Also, suitable facilities in clubs and advanced equipment and increasing the number of equipped gyms can be effective in creating a hardware platform for sports technology and the development of sports entrepreneurship in the province. The use of advertising in cyberspace can also be one of the technological factors affecting the development of sports entrepreneurship in Ardabil province.Given that today's organizations need entrepreneurial staff and entrepreneurship is a turning point in the path, so the country's sports organizations need efficient managers and employees to be able to achieve their goals, managers can use job leadership style can job satisfaction Organizational commitment, entrepreneurial behavior and consequently increase the productivity of their organization. Also, talent identification of active forces and ultimately meritocracy can be one of the political factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in public sports in Ardabil province. Also, reducing administrative barriers and bureaucracies and supporting departments of domestic production units and the existence of popular government and ethnicities and creating infrastructure and investments, as well as attracting investments and separating women and men sports and accepting hosting competitions are among the political factors affecting the development of public sports entrepreneurship in Ardabil province.Conclusion: Entrepreneurship plays a very key role in the economic and sustainable development of all societies. It seems that the problem of unemployment in society has become so large that only by creating a new market in the economy can create jobs for this volume of unemployed, a market that in addition to creating employment on a large scale, can also increase economic growth and development of the country. Guarantee. The need of the sports community and the labor market for efficient human resources and entrepreneurship requires that great and positive steps be taken in the country for the education and training of individuals. To achieve such goals in training and educating the workforce and injecting it into the labor market, the production of sports equipment and sports organizations and sports organizations must be planned in a way that is consistent and appropriate coordination between what is learned and the needs of the sports community and learners. Manuscript profile

Objective: Coach leadership style can be defined as the process of influencing the individual and group trying to achieve goals. Democratic styles are behaviors that allow the athlete to participate in group decisions. The authoritarian style, on the other hand, involves the coach making independent decisions based on his personal authority. Athlete satisfaction is considered as a consequence or achievement of the coach's work in leadership research. The present study aims to quantitatively combine the results of research conducted in this field in the country.Methodology: The statistical population of the present study includes all articles on the relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction and in order to collect the data needed for meta-analysis, a coding form was used. Using meta-analysis method and comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA2), 7 articles were selected and reviewed. This study was performed using the effect size calculation technique. In this way, the statistical tests used in the hypotheses were analyzed after becoming the effect size. The statistical population of the present study included all articles on the relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction. In this meta-analysis, the results of researches that have met the necessary conditions in terms of methodology have been studied. That is, articles and criteria within the treasure have been used. These criteria in the research are: 1 research has been done in Iran. 2 In the relevant research, leadership style and athletes' satisfaction have been used as an independent or dependent variable. 3 The research must have provided the necessary information for the practical extraction of the effect size (relationship strength). Therefore, the number of researches selected for meta-analysis is seven.Results: The results of meta-analysis showed that in all studies, democratic leadership style and satisfaction were effective, which software output with an average effect size of 0.25 confirms this issue and this amount of effect size is less than average. The funnel diagram also showed that there is a publication bias in the studies, which indicates that some studies have not been published or researchers do not have access to some articles or study results. The relationship between democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction is below average. About 25% of the calculated effects are in the lower middle class (with an average effect size of 0.25).Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis showed that democratic leadership style and athlete satisfaction have an effect with an average effect size of 0.25. Manuscript profile

Analyze the social effects of sports for the elderly in IranAbstract Objective: The aim of the current research was to analyze the social effects of sports for the elderly in Iran.Methodology: The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its execution method. The method used in this research is foundational data theory. The statistical population of this research is all sports science professors, sociology professors (due to their knowledge of the social issues of the elderly), psychology professors (due to their knowledge of the psychological issues of the elderly), municipal managers (due to providing more sports services to the elderly and being aware of the need general sports of the elderly) and researchers who have at least two scientific research articles in the field of research. In the current research, the method of combined theoretical sampling was targeted in a non-probabilistic manner until reaching theoretical saturation. For this purpose, 15 people were selected as research samples. In this research, the paradigm coding model was used to analyze the data obtained from grounded theory in the form of a systematic coding process including three open, central and selective stages.Findings: The results of the research showed that the social effects of exercise for the elderly consist of two concepts: prevention of social harms and empowerment and hope for the future. The category of prevention of social damages was formed from the two concepts of development of psychological factors of lifestyle and strengthening of cultural and security issues, which consisted of 10 signs and 3 signs, respectively. The category of empowerment and hope for the future was also formed from the two concepts of improving the level of social life and increasing social capital, which were formed from 11 signs and 8 signs, respectively.Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it should be stated that sports for the elderly should be promoted with the aim of social interactions, improvement and preservation of the individual capacities of the elderly, and as a result, a better adaptation of the elderly to different life conditions will be created.Keywords: Sports, Elderly, Social Effects, Empowerment, Social Injuries Manuscript profile

Objective: The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges and perspectives of women's sports participation.Methodology: In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the status of women's participation in sports activities, its causes and challenges by using existing texts and literature, and by providing suitable solutions, an efficient horizon and perspective in order to increase participation as much as possible. Provide women in sports. The research method of this study is based on the nature of the subject of documents, and accordingly, the library technique was used to collect information..Results: The investigations showed that despite the increasing presence of women in social fields, their participation and presence in sports activities is limited. Considering the importance of sports in the personal and social health of women, it seems that the Iranian society has not yet realized the importance and necessity of sports among women and girls. The percentage of women participating in sports activities is lower than that of men in all countries.Conclusion:The nature of using this concept of social marketing is to change behavior, which is the main nature and purpose of marketing in this field. The meaning of individual attitude change is that, according to the conditions, a person finds a positive belief in physical activity and public sports, and further, the attitude towards public sports also becomes positive, which is due to the increase of the individual's information. Further, according to the effects of social norms on the individual, this normative belief is created in people that exercise and physical activity can be placed as a need in people. The positive social consequences that can be achieved by using social recovery strategies, changing behavior towards desirable behaviors that lead to the development of public sports in this research. Considering the pivotal role of sports in the health of women as mothers of society and consequently the health of their children, the issue of women's sports participation should be seriously considered. Social marketing is suggested as an effective approach to reduce barriers and increase facilitators to women's sedentary behavior and improve the quality of individual and social life, which implementation and implementation requires support and capacity building from all responsible institutions. The multiple benefits of sports, improving women's social attitudes and beliefs by focusing on the effectiveness of promotional and educational activities, developing suitable places and spaces for women's public sports, inter-departmental coordination and leading women's public sports are effective measures in this field. Manuscript profile

The purpose of this paper was to level the factors affecting the export performance of sports products to reach the global class with an emphasis on human resource development by employing interpretive-structural modeling. The current research is a mixture of developmental and applied. Based on the Galyzeri approach and deep interview with 15 people (sports marketing, economists, industrial management) in the NVIVO10 software environment, the main factors of the model were identified in the form of 92 open source, 13 selective and 5 theoretical codes, and then using the interpretive- The structure in the MATLAB2014 software Based on the Galyzeri approach and deep interview with 15 people (sports marketing, economists, industrial management) in the NVIVO10 software environment, the main factors of the model were identified in the form of 92 open source, 13 selective and 5 theoretical codes, and then using the interpretive- The structure in the MATLAB2014 software environment is the level and internal relationships between extraction factors and finally classified based on MICMAC analysis of power and dependency. The results showed that model factors are located in 5 levels and motivate people for human resources, trust building, organizational communication, training and human resource skills at the fifth level of the model and have the most impact on human resource development (level four), quality, Innovation, flexibility, cost reduction, time reduction, sales and after-sales services (third level), production and service in the world class (second level), world-class sports industry, and the empowerment of export performance of sports products (Level one) . In MICMAC analysis, human resource development factors (independent variables) that stimulate and motivate other factors. Based on the results of the research, successful and effective sports managers and marketers, by establishing effective communication mechanisms with individuals inside and outside the organization, identifying and educating people, empowering, motivating, and building trust can lead to the development of world-class human resources to the extent of empowerment The export performance of sports products and the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods are provided.by establishing effective communication mechanisms with individuals inside and outside the organization, identifying and educating people, empowering, motivating, and building trust can lead to the development of world-class human resources to the extent of empowerment The export performance of sports products and the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods are provided. Manuscript profile

Objective: Today, it is noticed that exercise is effective in promoting mental health in addition to physical health (Boelens et al, 2022). Performing sports activities is so important that the World Health Organization chose the slogan "Movement is the key to health" in 2002 (Creese, 2021). Gymnastics is one of the basic, ranked sports activities and it is very important for teenagers. The lack of evidence regarding some social harms, including cyberspace addiction and mental health on athletes and non-athletes, has caused some of the positive and negative functions of sports to be unclear for teenagers. This problem has caused the development of sports in order to manage social harms and some negative points of sports in the occurrence of negative phenomena in society. Therefore, there are ambiguities regarding the role of sports in the current atmosphere of society, which disrupts the planning process. So The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of role the mediating of physical activity in the causal relationship between cyberspace addiction and mental health of gymnastic athletes in sports clubs in Karaj.Methodology: The current research method is descriptive-correlation type and the statistical population includes gymnastic athletes of Karaj sports clubs, according to the latest inquiry from the Karaj gymnastics team, 541 people were active and had sports insurance cards, and according to Morgan's sample size formula, the number 225 people were considered as a statistical sample. Non-random sampling method was available. After distributing and collecting the research questionnaires, 217 questionnaires were analyzed. The tools of this research were the standard questionnaires of internet addiction by Kimberly Young (1988), physical activity of sit-in (2013), mental health by Goldberg (1972). In this study, the test of regression coefficient and structural equations was used using Spss26 and Pls smart third version software.Result: In examining the effect of variables based on the results of path analysis, it was found that addiction to virtual space with a coefficient of -0.13 and (T-Value = 2.111) has a negative and significant effect on mental health, physical activity with a coefficient of 0.23 (T-Value = 4.521). Value=) has a positive and significant effect on mental health and cyberspace addiction with a coefficient of -0.28 (T-Value=5.847) has a negative and significant effect on physical activity. Also, the results of the Sobel test to investigate the mediating effect of the physical activity variable showed that the physical activity variable has a significant effect on mental health in relation to cyberspace addiction, and the mediating relationship was confirmed. Also, the variance inclusion index (VAF) showed that the indirect effect of cyberspace addiction through physical activity on mental health is -0.26%. which shows the partial negative mediation of physical activity variable between cyberspace addiction and mental health. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that addiction to virtual space has a negative and significant effect on physical activity, which is consistent with the research results (Creese, 2021). If the athletes who are addicted to using virtual space have a low level of participation in physical activities. The results of this research show the need for intervention and training in the mentioned areas with the aim of reducing the amount of addiction to cyberspace in teenagers. The results of the research showed that physical activity plays a mediating role in the causal relationship between cyberspace addiction and the mental health of gymnastic athletes in sports clubs, and the current research model has a favorable fit.Addiction to virtual space due to the reduction of free time and not enjoying sports entertainment instead of virtual entertainment, lack of energy and lack of motivation due to mental disorders and changing people's lifestyle to inactive mode, so that the amount and level of physical activity of people are affected. In general, physical activity can be used as a tool to improve the level of physical and mental health of people to deal with cyberspace addiction and its adverse effects.Therefore, proper preventive measures such as educating the general public about safe use of the Internet as well as counseling for people who are addicted to the Internet are necessary. It is suggested that in programs to improve the status of athletes using virtual space and optimizing these spaces; Try to make use of sports capacities; He tried to improve this use among athletes to provide the basis for improving their mental health. Also, assessing the needs of sports activities among gymnasts according to their level and ability while improving their physical activity status; It provides conditions to improve their mental health.* Corresponding author's e-mail address: najafnejad.sima@gmail.com Manuscript profile

Objective: This research aims to provide an overview of the intersection between sociological imagination and sports, with a specific focus on highlighting key concepts and identifying research opportunities in this dynamic field. The paper commences by introducing the concept of sociological imagination and its significance in the study of sports. Sociological imagination is defined as the cognitive capacity to comprehend the interconnections between personal experiences and wider social structures. Its application enables a comprehensive analysis of sports by taking into account the social, cultural, economic, and political factors that shape various aspects of sporting practices, experiences, and outcomes.Methodology: A thorough literature search was conducted using academic databases, focusing on relevant keywords and selecting studies published in peer-reviewed journals, books, and conference proceedings from 1960 to the present. The selected articles underwent data extraction and analysis, organizing key concepts, theories, and empirical findings thematically. The synthesis of findings was conducted using a narrative review approach, allowing for the integration of diverse perspectives and theoretical frameworks. The integration of findings involved a critical examination of the literature to identify overarching themes, gaps, controversies, and emerging trends. The interpretation and discussion of the synthesized findings provided a comprehensive overview of the role of sociological imagination in understanding various dimensions of sport, including its implications for sports policies, practices, and social change.Results: Findings revealed that sociological imagination can be effectively applied to analyze the processes of socialization and identity formation in sports. It underscores the significant role of sports in shaping individuals' social skills, values, and identities. Furthermore, the influence of sports experiences on individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors is highlighted, emphasizing the substantial impact of sports on forming identities and values. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the importance of considering social factors when analyzing sports. It investigates the existence of social inequalities within the sporting realm, particularly focusing on disparities in opportunities and resources. The examination of race, gender, and social class in sports participation demonstrates how these intersecting social categories influence individuals' access to sports and their prospects of achieving success. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significance of sports as a platform for social change and resistance. It explores the role of activism and protests within the sporting world, illustrating how athletes utilize their platforms to challenge discrimination and advocate for social justice. Notably, the article provides concrete examples of social change facilitated through sports, demonstrating how sports can serve as a potent tool for raising awareness, challenging social norms, and promoting inclusivity and equity.Conclusion: This research paper emphasizes the significance of applying sociological imagination to the analysis of sports. By utilizing this approach, a comprehensive understanding of the social dynamics within sports is achieved, encompassing crucial aspects such as socialization processes, identity formation, social inequalities, and the potential for social change. The findings underscore the importance of considering social factors in sports analysis, recognizing the role of sports in shaping individuals' social skills, values, and identities. Moreover, this study identifies several areas that warrant further research. The exploration of intersectionality in sports, considering the overlapping influences of race, gender, social class, and other social categories, offers a promising avenue for deeper analysis. Additionally, the examination of the role of technology and digital media in sports, as well as the impact of sports on globalization, health inequalities, sports governance and policy, and sports as a platform for social change and resistance, present fertile ground for future investigations. By embracing sociological imagination, researchers can contribute to a more profound understanding of sports as a complex social phenomenon. Furthermore, it enables the identification and examination of social issues and power dynamics within sporting environments, paving the way for the creation of more inclusive, equitable, and socially conscious practices within the realm of sports. Manuscript profile

Introduction One of the urban public spaces that are considered for the physical activity of the people of the society are the health-oriented routes, the urban health-oriented routes are the pedestrian routes that lead from the natural points of the outskirts of the city to the developed points in the center of the city, with the purpose of transportation. Pedestrians based on physical activity provide recreation, transportation, and enhance the aesthetic dimensions of the urban landscape, and as a result, they seek environmental and economic benefits for the city (Grimwade, Horner, & Everhar, 2009). One of the factors that can be fruitful in this field is a special view on the aesthetic dimensions of these places. The beauty of an environment increases the tendency of people to that place for physical activities and sports, attracting people to sports and physical activity in outdoor environments and open spaces is a clear and obvious thing (Sallis, 2009). Aesthetics and the attractiveness of the environment can affect people's health behavior, and there is a positive relationship between people's tendency towards sports activities and environmental variables, such as aesthetics (Cleland et al., 2010). Mumford et al. (2019) conducted a study entitled Aesthetics of sport and art: competition and complementarity and stated that paying attention to the aesthetic characteristics of sports can lead to the growth of participants in sports and provide the ground for more communication between sports and beauty. (Mumford, 2019). Methodology This type of research has an applied purpose and is a descriptive and field-type research methodology. The statistical population of this study was formed by a large number of people who use the health walkways of Ardabil city for exercise and recreation. In this research, 545 people completed the questionnaire and according to Morgan's table, 384 people were randomly selected as the statistical sample of this research. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods were used for appropriate evaluation and analysis, which are derived from tables, frequencies, percentages, averages, and standard deviations. Also, the median distribution was used to determine the normality of the data, as well as the single-group T-test to test the research hypotheses, and multiple regression was used for intragroup correlation. To check and analyze the obtained information, SPSS version 26 software was used with a significance level of P≤0.05. Findings The results of the multiple regression test in Table 7 show that the predictive variables of aesthetic dimensions (harmony, form, color and light) are able to predict people's tendency to participate in physical activity in a combined way (P<0.01, F=5.79). Also, the squared value of multiple correlation also indicates that the predictor variables were able to predict 33% of the changes related to people's tendency to participate in physical activity. Table 1- Results of Multiple Regression Analysis of Research Variables Source of change Total square roots df Average square roots F p-value R R2 Regression 3.47 3 1.78 5.79 0.003 0.58 0.33 Residuals 117.43 380 311 Total 120.90 383 Conclusion The study's findings demonstrated that aesthetic factors, such as the Harmony dimension, color dimension, light dimension, form dimension, can greatly influence citizens' propensity for physical exercise, with a 33% predictive power (Table 1). The authorities in charge of these places should use the aesthetic aspects of these places by using experts in the field of architecture and design. Clearly, this will excite the people and eventually lead to the growth of influence in these areas. Manuscript profile

This research was conducted with the aim of designing the optimal financial governance model of professional football clubs in Iran. In terms of practical purpose, this research is descriptive-analytical from the point of view of data collection, and in terms of implementation method, it is a mixed type of research (quantitative and qualitative). In this research, a combined method with an exploratory approach was used. Three Delphi methods, Q methodology and structural interpretation were used for data analysis. First, by using library studies, the factors of optimal financial governance of Iranian football were identified. Using the Q methodology, the components and indicators of the optimal financial governance of Iranian football were identified. Using the structural-interpretive method, the prioritization and critical levels of the optimal financial governance of Iranian football were determined. The statistical population of this research was all financial experts, financial managers of clubs, auditors and accountants in the field of football, and based on the purposeful sampling method, 20 experts were interviewed. Based on the findings of the research, the components of optimal financial reporting include norms, financial transparency, financial strategies, technical factors, and political and economic factors. Based on this, it can be concluded that the culture of financial governance should be created in Iran's football clubs in order to provide the optimal financial management in the clubs and to create suitable conditions for financial management and resources. The norms component, which is derived from the mental model of the normists among the experts participating in the research, refers to the norms that are essential factors related to sports. Accordingly, for a favorable governance in the financial field, financial transparency in football-related organizations should be considered first. Because financial transparency can prevent many corruptions and problems ahead. Also, justice and impartiality is another desirable indicator in this field, which states that good governance and financial management should have the same view on all phenomena under management and be able to ensure justice between all dimensions, especially the basic teams and women's teams. and establish adult teams.On the other hand, the culture of financial governance should be created in Iranian football clubs in order to provide the optimal financial management in the clubs and to create suitable conditions for financial management and resources. Financial democracy is an indicator that refers to the fair distribution of resources and allows different departments to access the organization's resources based on merit Manuscript profile

IntroductionConstructivism basically carries the term "make knowledge"; Constructivism is known by focusing on how the individual cognitively participates in the construction of knowledge from the perspective of social construction and acknowledges that knowledge and meaning are historically and culturally constructed through social processes and actions. Constructivist theory views knowledge as a construct. Purpose: The current research tries to link it with futurism by focusing on constructivism and in this process, by using the constructivist approach of grounded theory, to present a short-range theory in the construction of possible futures of professional sports. The growth of professional sports is the beginning of the development of the sports industry.MethodologyThis research is a type of qualitative research. In the present research, because we are looking for new concepts, from the point of view of nature, exploratory-fundamental; In terms of approach, inductive; From a paradigm perspective, the interpretive-constructive paradigm; From the perspective of strategy, the data theory of the foundation with a constructivist approach; From the point of view of data collection, field and library; From the point of view of the goal, explanation and modeling, and from the point of view of data collection tools, in-depth interviews and theoretical studies. Grounded theory or foundational data is one of the strategies of the qualitative method that emphasizes the induction or emergence of information from the data, in order to create a theory or model. In grounded theory, data forms the basis of our theory and our analysis of these data produces the concepts we want. Data allows us to learn from the stories of survivors and allows research participants to break the silence. But how researchers observe and present data depends on which version or approach they adopt from the grounded theory method (Charmaz, 2020). In this research, after studying and examining the mentioned challenge, in order to provide a systematic and schematic model of the findings from the coded data, it was tried to use the constructivist approach in the foundational data theory presented by Charmez. , to be used. This plan refers to the view of Charms (2020), which is a kind of philosophical position, between the almost positivist (quantitative) issue of Glaser and Strauss and the issue of postmodern researchers who question the importance of dominant research methods. Constructivist grounded theory leads researchers to focus on what is happening in the research context, reiterates that researchers are part of it, be flexible and follow empirical events.The data of this qualitative research, which had an exploratory-fundamental nature, was collected through targeted sampling with the snowball technique and based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 experts in the field of professional sports in Iraq. A detailed interpretive understanding and primary, focused, central and theoretical coding determined that professional sports based on the requirements of shaping the future, by overcoming the weight of the past, the pressure of the present and in line with the tension of the future and the choice of proactive behavior in facing the future, can achieve its desired future. Make and set a perspective for it.Results: In this research, macro analysis of future trends, generating income from social media, new formulas for selling players, the existence of many talents in all disciplines in Iraq, sustainable talent search by clubs, development of academies and provision of legal measures for broadcasting rights.ConclusionIn this research, the surprising factors affecting Iraqi professional sports were also identified. The most important surprises affecting professional sports in Iraq include: privatization of public media, privatization of clubs, amendment of laws and copyright law, meritocracy, non-interference of politicians, change of attitude of managers, exclusive networks, sale of players, sale of products and marketing. Among the influential drivers are the drivers of professional sports budget providers, which are considered as one of the basic drivers of professional sports. Currently, the biggest drivers of professional sports goals in Iraq are the government and industries, and part of the armed forces and part of the sector. Private and those who fund professional sports form because this field is the biggest source that helps us to implement any program, especially the strategic plan with it is the issue of budget. Increasing the budget of Iraqi sports is one of the main drivers of professional sports in Iraq. Because the more economical the view of sports, especially professional sports, these sports will definitely win medals and bring Iraq to sustainable income generation and development in professional sports. Another driver identified is the presence of sponsors, which are the biggest drivers of Iraq's professional sports in the form of government sponsors and sometimes private sponsors. According to the findings of the research, one of the drivers identified in professional sports is having strategic and long-term plans in various fields of professional sports. Hence, the programs that are based on winning medals and titles in world arenas and Olympics, etc. Among other drivers in professional sports, we can mention the employment of competent people in management positions. Another driver of professional sports is talent search. If the talent search is done correctly in sports fields and these talents are increased based on a written program and a predetermined scientific plan, it can be effective in the world fields and the Olympics.Therefore, in order to make the state sports smaller and smaller, it is suggested that an independent institution of trade in sports be formed, consisting of the trustees of real private clubs, with the aim of making decisions for economic discussions and providing superior income generation models. The primary goal of this independent institution should be to attract the trustees of state clubs and go towards privatization. In a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that by identifying the surprises and drivers affecting the future of professional sports in Iraq, it is possible to identify its various futures with different possibilities. Surprises sometimes bring transformative events such as the invention of a new technology. Manuscript profile

Objective: Having friends is an important aspect of our life. There are ideal expectations for maintaining and strengthening friendships. People expect their friends to spend a lot of time together by engaging in mutual activities and sharing interests, and to engage in more conventional morality, loyalty, and emphatic understanding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of depression and social anxiety on the quality of friendship and the mediating role of fobbing behavior in the use of mobile phones in young athletes of the country Methodology: The research method is descriptive and was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research included all the young athletes of the country. Due to the unlimited statistical population, 384 people were selected according to Morgan's table, and multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The research tools include Goldberg's standard depression questionnaire (2007), Jarbak's standard social anxiety questionnaire (1996), Hejazi and Zahrawand's standard friendship quality questionnaire (2013), and Sun et al. they got. To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, after compiling them, the opinions and guidance of expert professors in the science of sports management were used and their opinions were included in the final questionnaire. To ensure the reliability of the questionnaires, 30 copies were distributed in a preliminary study on a sample that was completely randomly selected, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for depression (α=0.89), social anxiety (α=0.91), friendship quality ( α = 0.93) and for the behavior of fobbing in the use of mobile phones (α = 0.85) was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data results using SPSS version 22 and Smart Plus version 3 software. Results: The results of the research showed that depression and social anxiety have a significant inverse effect on the quality of friendship in young sportsmen of the country. On the other hand, the effect of fobbing behavior on the quality of friendship was also significant and in the opposite direction. Also, the structural model of the research showed a good fit according to the value of GOF = 0.63. Conclusion: Therefore, it is recommended; Fobbing behaviors should be taken seriously, and group sports activities should be used in the daily schedule to create quality friendships and avoid any depression and anxiety. Manuscript profile

Objective: The aim of the present study is "to study the effective sociological factors on the hooliganistic behavior of football spectators in Iran's Premier League". Hooliganism defined the abnormal and tense behaviors that occur before, during, and after exciting football matches between spectators and fans and by mobs or rioters (hooligans) in the audience group. In this research, hooliganism has been explained and investigated from different biological, psychological and sociological dimensions. The current research method is quantitative in terms of application and cross-sectional in terms of time. Methodology: The sampling method is random and the sample size of the research is due to the lack of specific statistics on the number of hooligans and spectators who appear as hooligans in football-related sports gatherings. 393 questionnaires were collected by random sampling method. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: Processing, statistical analysis of information was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency distribution tables, correlation tests, multivariate regression and path analysis). The findings of the research showed that emotional discharge (0.423), mental illness (0.462), feeling of failure (0.249), feeling of youth and masculinity identity (0.382), sense of social belonging (-0.257), relative deprivation (0.379), adherence to reference groups (-0.289), social isolation (-0.267), adherence to deviant patterns (0.611), media consumption (0.176), social responsibility (269) There is a significant relationship between spectators and hooliganism. Conclusion: Processing, statistical analysis of information was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency distribution tables, correlation tests, multivariate regression and path analysis). The findings of the research showed that emotional discharge (0.423), mental illness (0.462), feeling of failure (0.249), feeling of youth and masculinity identity (0.382), sense of social belonging (-0.257), relative deprivation (0.379), adherence to reference groups (-0.289), social isolation (-0.267), adherence to deviant patterns (0.611), media consumption (0.176), social responsibility (269) There is a significant relationship between spectators and hooliganism. Objective: The aim of the present study is "to study the effective sociological factors on the hooliganistic behavior of football spectators in Iran's Premier League". Hooliganism defined the abnormal and tense behaviors that occur before, during, and after exciting football matches between spectators and fans and by mobs or rioters (hooligans) in the audience group. In this research, hooliganism has been explained and investigated from different biological, psychological and sociological dimensions. The current research method is quantitative in terms of application and cross-sectional in terms of time. Methodology: The sampling method is random and the sample size of the research is due to the lack of specific statistics on the number of hooligans and spectators who appear as hooligans in football-related sports gatherings. 393 questionnaires were collected by random sampling method. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: Processing, statistical analysis of information was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency distribution tables, correlation tests, multivariate regression and path analysis). The findings of the research showed that emotional discharge (0.423), mental illness (0.462), feeling of failure (0.249), feeling of youth and masculinity identity (0.382), sense of social belonging (-0.257), relative deprivation (0.379), adherence to reference groups (-0.289), social isolation (-0.267), adherence to deviant patterns (0.611), media consumption (0.176), social responsibility (269) There is a significant relationship between spectators and hooliganism. Conclusion: Processing, statistical analysis of information was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency distribution tables, correlation tests, multivariate regression and path analysis). The findings of the research showed that emotional discharge (0.423), mental illness (0.462), feeling of failure (0.249), feeling of youth and masculinity identity (0.382), sense of social belonging (-0.257), relative deprivation (0.379), adherence to reference groups (-0.289), social isolation (-0.267), adherence to deviant patterns (0.611), media consumption (0.176), social responsibility (269) There is a significant relationship between spectators and hooliganism. Manuscript profile

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to provide a model for the development of the cultural and social performance of the Iranian Sports Federation. Methodology: In terms of purpose, application, in terms of time, cross-sectional and in terms of data collection, the current research is among descriptive-correlational researches. The statistical population of this research was selected as available, and based on the fact that 19 final concepts were identified, the estimation of the analysis method was used to determine the sample size, and the sample size was considered equal to 285 people. It should be noted that 15 samples were considered for each parameter. The researcher-made tool used has 87 questions and was designed based on a 5-point Likert scale. Was. that the formal validity was confirmed by the professors and the construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and diagnostic model were used using SPSS software to check the research model. Findings: The results show that the most important variables, mental, physical and social factors, have an impact on the development of the cultural and social performance of the Iran Sports Federation, the results of the diagnostic analysis model show the significance of the whole function with regard to these variables. Conclusion: Physical education and sports as a source of positive changes during different periods such as childhood, adolescence and puberty can improve the general condition of people and create a lifelong learning process. People participating in sports are at a suitable level in terms of health and well-being, and they have suitable conditions mentally and spiritually.Sports and physical activity, including sports participation, is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Beyond the physical effects, this practice causes positive social and psychological consequences among people. Connecting people with physical activity and sports has positive effects on physical fitness, well-being and health.The development of public sports with a cultural approach can make people in the group and society turn to sports activities, and also on an individual scale, people should have the belief and attitude to participate in public sports activities. Manuscript profile

Introduction:This article seeks to analyze sport and its functions in Berdieu's theoretical apparatus. Along with the genealogy of modern sports, he has analyzed the educational, educational, economic, social and political functions of this phenomenon, and it is considered that this phenomenon is a part of the process of political power, soft domination, and new education. Methodology:The research method of this article is historical and the technique of documents and library is used. In this study, Bourdieu's works in the field of sports, which were based on surveys and field findings, were examined. Findings:The findings of this study indicate that Bourdieu considered sports as a social and composite phenomenon that consists of multiple elements. Bourdieu considers sport to be class-oriented and one of the aspects of class separation. Based on this, people do not have absolute freedom in choosing sports, but their choice is limited by their class characteristics. Conclusion:Bourdieu concludes, today the diverse functions of sports have caused this phenomenon to be considered beyond sports. In his opinion, sports are a low-cost tool to entertain and enrich students' free time and a tool in the hands of the ruling class to advertise and legitimize the system. Bourdieu introduced sports in close connection with the field of political power and considered it as a field of competition for power, and it is because of this that sports is a mechanism for the mobilization and symbolic conquest of the masses and a means of domination by governments. He also believed that the spread of modern sports among the strata and mass of European society left a tremendous impact. Modern sports are a low-cost means of entertaining students and enriching their free time and filling their idle hours. According to him, taking care of students with sports will be simple and inexpensive. Therefore, Bourdieu considers modern sports as a part of the new education process and considers the function of this type of sports in day and night schools as an educational function. Economic mechanism in order to monitor and discharge violence and moderate their aggression. On the other hand, according to Bourdieu, sport is a field to compete for power. It is a tool in the hands of the ruling class as a symbolic political mobilization and conquest of the masses, therefore it believes that institutions such as parties, unions and churches compete with each other in attracting young people. Manuscript profile

Objective: The society's perception of football fans is very different, some fans consider it a positive force for society and individuals, and others consider it a negative influence, so the purpose of this research is to provide a model of the behavior of Sepahan fans with a sociological approach. Research method: The current research was qualitative and based on foundation data theorizing. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Data analysis was done by Charms coding method. The research sample was used as a combination of snowball sampling and theoretical sampling based on the results of the collected data. The participants were Sepahan football team fans, members of the fans association, sports reporters, a special unit stationed at the stadium, Sepahan club CEO, members of the academic staff of the university who follow football. A total of 22 interviews were conducted, and then the data were initially coded, central, and categorized in the MAXQDA2020 software. Research findings: In this research, 7 factors affecting the behavior of Sepahan team fans were identified. Based on the results of coding, non-adapted behavior, psychological background, social background of emotions, abuse of media, corruption in football, legitimacy and safety background and equipment have an effect on fans' behavior from a sociological perspective. Conclusion: The results of this study have applications in order to improve the behavior of fans and improve the culture of fans for those in charge of organizing competitions. Manuscript profile