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Open Access Article
1 - The effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal disease
Soheila FadaeiProbiotics are a group of beneficial microorganisms living in the gut, which when consumed have a positive effect on physiological health directly or indirectly through the modulation of the internal ecosystem influencing the results for the use of probiotics. Indicate MoreProbiotics are a group of beneficial microorganisms living in the gut, which when consumed have a positive effect on physiological health directly or indirectly through the modulation of the internal ecosystem influencing the results for the use of probiotics. Indicated as a treatment for gastrointestinal disorders are 1) the use of Saccharomyces boulardi Enteroccus faecium SF68 to prevent or shorten the duration of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, 2) the prevention of S. boulardi, which prevents Clostridium difficil-associated diarrhea. 3) Fermented milk contains Lactobacillus rhamnsousder for infants with rotavirus enteritis. Therefore, according to the researchers, the use of probiotics, the creation of microbial recombination of the intestines, gastroenteritis, lactose intolerance and diarrhea are related to the use of antibiotics from these biological substances as a treatment for diseases caused by chronic diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Numerical Method For Solving Physiology Problems By Shifted Chebyshev Operational Matrix
E. Hashemizadeh F. Mahmoodi -
Open Access Article
3 - Histophysiological and Histochemical Study of the Uterus, Cervix and Vagina in Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus )
tahereh MahmoudianInroduction & Objective: The importance of histophysiological and histochemical study of the uterus, cervix and vagina in mammals is due to pathological examinations of these organs in infectious and metabolic diseases and infertility treatment. The aim of this stud MoreInroduction & Objective: The importance of histophysiological and histochemical study of the uterus, cervix and vagina in mammals is due to pathological examinations of these organs in infectious and metabolic diseases and infertility treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the histophysiological and histochemical features of these organs in guineapigs.Materials and Methods: Five female guinea pigs with mean weight were obtained from laboratory animal breeding center and after sampling, Samples were stained by Hematoxin - Eosin, Periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue methods and then histological and histochemical properties of samples were samples were studied by light microscope.Results: The horn and the body of the uterus in general have three layers of endometrium , myometrium and primetrium. The endometrical epithelium in the uterine horn consists of simple cubic cells and it consists of simple cubic cells and simple columnar cells in the body of uterus. The endometrium has many coiled tubular glands. In the body and horn, the myometrium has 2 layers of longi tudinal and circular smooth muscle from outside to inside. The cervical mucosa has simple columnar cells. And has 3 types of folds: primary, Secondary and tertiary folds. Among the columnal cells, a large number of mucus secreting goblet cells are seen. The squomous vaginal epithelium is stratified stratum Corneum. no glands were observed in mucosal layer of the vagina.Conclusion: The results show that the anatomical a tissue structure of Guinea pig uterus, cervix and vagina, despite minor differences, are very similar to other mammals.s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of Phosphate Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave and Ultrasonic Methods on Morphophysiological and Biochemical Properties of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Homa Sajadinia Dadkhoda Ghazanfari Kazem Naghavi Hormozd Naghavi Batool TahamipourIn order to investigate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite phosphate synthesized by two synthetic methods of microwave and ultrasonic on some morphological and physiological properties of maize, an experiment was performed in the factorial form in a completely randomized MoreIn order to investigate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite phosphate synthesized by two synthetic methods of microwave and ultrasonic on some morphological and physiological properties of maize, an experiment was performed in the factorial form in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Summer 2018. Treatments included simple superphosphate and triple superphosphate fertilizer, nano-hydroxyapatite synthesized by microwave and ultrasonic methods, each at five levels in three replications. The results showed that application of nano-hydroxyapatite by ultrasonic method compared with normal condition lead to a 17.47% increase leaf number, 13.02% in stem weight, 46.19 chlorophyll content and 23.06% in phenol content. In addition, nano-hydroxyapatite by microwave method increased the leaf weight, phosphorus and biological yield by 21.87%, 43.47% and 51.06% respectively, compared with control condition. The application of nanohydroxyapatite phosphate improved the growth characteristics and physiology of the maize plant compared to control and simple superphosphate fertilizers and triple. The results also showed that nano-phosphates could more effectively improve the growth and biochemical yield of maize. The highest biochemical function was obtained from nano-hydroxyapatite treatment by microwave method. According to the obtained results, it is concluded that both methods can improve plant growth conditions and ultimately increase plant yield and production; However, since the microwave synthesis method resulted in higher yield (wet and dry weight), it was identified as the superior method of introduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation Effect of Different Amount and Time of Apply a Bio-Regulator on Growth Indices of Vicia faba L.
Somayeh Ghalandari Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
6 - Assess Effect of Different level of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Redistribution, Efficiency and Contribution of Redistribution and Current Photosynthesis of Wheat Genotypes
Fatemeh Torfi -
Open Access Article
7 - Assessment Role of Integrated Management of Fertilizer and Biofertilizer to Improve Corn Production and Achieve Sustainable Agriculture
Seyed Ataollah Siadat -
Open Access Article
8 - Studying of the Pretreatment Effects of the combination of Sodium Chloride and Time on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigmentation Status and Photosystems Ratios in Cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. FS 65
Hamideh Sadat Amirlatifi Shadman Shokravi Aryan Sateei Mazyar Ahmadi Golsefidi Mehrali MahmoudjanloPossibility of the growth, biomass and photosynthetic pigment content fluctuations were surveyed in the soil cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. FS 65 via the combinations of two parameters means different concentration of salinity (17 , 80 and 160 mM) and time (24 and 96 hour MorePossibility of the growth, biomass and photosynthetic pigment content fluctuations were surveyed in the soil cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. FS 65 via the combinations of two parameters means different concentration of salinity (17 , 80 and 160 mM) and time (24 and 96 hours). After purification, axenic culture of the cyanobacterium was pretreated with 24 and 96 hours in 17, 80, and 160 mM NaCl and then moved to usual culture media without extra salinity. Analysis included survivality and growth, in vivo pigment (phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin and chlorophylls) and comparison of the combination of time and salinity on photosystem ratios. Results showed that the 24 hours pretreatments cause the complete deletion of the lag phase of the growth curve of such a strain. This may be an outstanding result regarding the role of lag phase on the acclimation processes and essential compartments of the nitrogenase and meanwhile intelligent outer layers envelopes. The main components of phycobilisomes means phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin increase more than sixty percent after 96 hours pretreatment in 160 mM salinity. The phosystems ratio reached to the maximum at 24 hours after 17 mM salinity and then decreased significantly at the 96 mM at 96 hours after inoculation. The difference between the intercalary times and treatments seems insignificance despite that there was obvious difference. Collectively, using pretreatments may have considerable effects on the energy transfer in photosystems and the production of the energy and reductans which seem the great advantageous for the large scale cultivation technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Inhibitory effect of different plant growth regulators on blue mold disease in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Mansureh Keshavarzi Saeid Mirzaei Masoud Ahmadi-AfzadiApple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most economically important crops which is widely used either as fresh fruit or as processed foods. Apple fruit is usually introduced to the markets after a storage period of several months. This makes it important to MoreApple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most economically important crops which is widely used either as fresh fruit or as processed foods. Apple fruit is usually introduced to the markets after a storage period of several months. This makes it important to protect fruits against the post-harvest diseases specially in organic production. Blue mold (Penicillium expansum) is one of these diseases, which due to spreading very fast in storage and producing a carcinogenic compound, called patulin, is of particular importance. In the present study, the impact of methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, beta-aminobutyric acid, and carbocyclic acid sprayed was investigated on blue mold. Apple fruits of 10 cultivars were surface sterilized and inoculated with spores of fungus, and then were treated with the plant growth regulators. The fruit firmness, softening rate and lesion decay were evaluated. Data were analyzed in a factorial design with two factors i.e., cultivar and plant growth regulator in a completely randomized design in R software package. The impact of hormones was significant on controlling the blue mold, and three plant growth regulators, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and beta-amino butyric acid had the greatest inhibitory impact on the disease. Carboxylic acid and abscisic acid had contradictory impacts on different cultivars, and did not result in significant impacts in some cultivars. The results of this study can be used in the breeding programs in order to help better understand plant disease mechanisms. They can also be applied as a practical method to control blue mold in apple. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Ecophysiological Characterization of Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. FS33 Agardh Collected From Paddy-Fields of Golestan Province
Sh Shokravi مریم Safaie فریبا AmirlatifiThe aim of this research was preliminary ecophysiological survey of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. FS33 Agardh which seems common strain in the paddy-fields and agricultural soils of Golestan Province and has not been characterized previously. The axenic culture has bee MoreThe aim of this research was preliminary ecophysiological survey of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. FS33 Agardh which seems common strain in the paddy-fields and agricultural soils of Golestan Province and has not been characterized previously. The axenic culture has been enriched in to BG11 culture medium. Salinity, temperature, irradiance and pH treatments have been treated separately. Light treatments include 2, 30.60 micromolquanta.m-2.s-1 intensities and 2, 4, 6 and 8hours dark- light daily photoperiods. Salt treatments include culture medium without added salt to 1% NaCl, Temperature include 15oC to 45oC, alkalinity and acidity include pHs from 5 to 9, and carbon dioxide treatments include aeration, non aeration, and 1% carbon dioxide enrichment Survival, growth, specific growth rate, chlorophyll, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, ammonium liberation, and phycobilisome potentiality, have been analyzed. Results showed that in the opposite of stigonematalean and nostocalean cyanobacteria, this strain show higher growth at 60 micromol quanta.m-2.s-1 intensity. Continuous 24 h illumination cause significant increase at the growth rate. Chlorophyll content show significant increase when salinity reach to 0.5%. Ammonium liberation seems higher amounts near to the optimum conditions and no significant differences moving slightly from the optimum. This srain be able to survive at low (100C) and high (450C) temperatures. At the optimum pH, significant increase in phycoerythrin content, reveal adaptation of photosynthesis apparatus with treated conditions. The phycobilisome structure seems complete at the optimum and incomplete at the extreme alkaline condition. Carotenoide production increase significantly at the first day of inoculation at the optimum acidity condition. As a whole, results introduce this strain, as the potent one for future biofertilizers beside heterocystous cyanobacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of salinity effects on morphophysiological characteristics of ten genotypes Hull less barley in green house conditions
Ajam Norouzi محمدرضا DadashiSalinity stress is a serious threat of plant growth and production all over the world. Salinity in comparison with other stresses, limits the plant growth in a wider scale. So there is a possibility of cultivar diversity use in a desirable traits selection under stress MoreSalinity stress is a serious threat of plant growth and production all over the world. Salinity in comparison with other stresses, limits the plant growth in a wider scale. So there is a possibility of cultivar diversity use in a desirable traits selection under stress conditions. Therefore, to identify selection indices in hull-less barley under salinity stress. This experiment was conducted. This experiment was investigated in 2004-2005 in green house at Golestan agricultural research center. The design of the experiment was random complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications in a large plat (5×4×1.8m3). 30 centimeters between row on a single line 1.5m.For irrigation using level of salinity 160 mM NaCl. results of variance analysis showed that traits of relative water content (RWC), height, tillage in shrub, number of fertile tiller, length of spike, number of grain in spike, as significant different for traits and most of them decreased under stress conditions. But the hieghst decrease was observed in grain yield, biologic yield, plant height and leaf area index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Ecophysiological acclimation and salinity amelioration of soil Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. FS 76 collected from oil polluted regions under ccombined effects of salinity and extremely limited irradiances
Shadman Shokravi Elahe Kiaei Afsane Pakzad Hamide Sadat AmirlatifiThe issue of salinity stress caused by oil extraction has been one of the major environmental issues of the country in the last decade. Biological agents in oil-contaminated areas can be considered the most efficient methods. The aim of this study was to reduce salinity MoreThe issue of salinity stress caused by oil extraction has been one of the major environmental issues of the country in the last decade. Biological agents in oil-contaminated areas can be considered the most efficient methods. The aim of this study was to reduce salinity by cyanobacteria isolated from oil contaminated areas. Soil cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. FS 76 were collected from oil polluted areas of southern Iran (Khuzestan province) and were studied ecophysiologically for acclimation ability at combination of different salinities (up to 1%) and extremely limited irradiances (2 μmol quanta.m-2S-1) at laboratory conditions. Samples were collected from oil polluted soils at different stations of Khuzestan province (Khark) for one year. Anabaena sp.FS 76 showed common strain and was selected for next steps after preliminary identification. Salinity treatments included Salt-free medium and BG011 medium with 0.25, 0. 5, 0.75, and 1% sodium chloride which were applied before and after limited irradiance treatments. Analysis involved growth analysis, Pigments (phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin) and protein and sugar content assays. Results showed that the maximum growth rate may be observed at 1% salinity. At this range of salinity. 1% NaCl not only may not decrease total sugar and protein content but also cause significant increase. In vivo absorption spectra support the presence of central and rod sections of phycobilisome. This strain has salinity amelioration ability at the laboratory conditions. This potentiality reaches to highest degrees of salinity especially at 1% probability level. The results showed examples of environmental physiology and biotechnology powerful is for future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of pH on Photosynthesis in native cyanobacterium Fischerella sp.
Shadman Shokravi neda soltaniStigonomatalean cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. is one of the few native strains in Iran that has relatively enough information about the operation of its photosynthetic machinery in different conditions of acidity and alkalinity. This information is the result of studie MoreStigonomatalean cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. is one of the few native strains in Iran that has relatively enough information about the operation of its photosynthetic machinery in different conditions of acidity and alkalinity. This information is the result of studies conducted from 2004 to the present. In this article, the most important results related to these articles are considered. The results show that this cyanobacterium is alkaliphile. Under alkaline condition (pH 9) and limited light intensities (2 micromoles of quanta per square meter per second), the highest rate of oxygen liberation is observed. Under these conditions, alpha and Ik reach their highest and lowest levels. Photoinhibition is not observed up to a light intensity of 1400 μmol quanta per square meter per second. Light-harvesting complexes are fully structured in both the phycobilisome and carotenoids. The activity of photosystems, especially photosystem two, reaches its maximum. The ratio of photosystem two to one is at the highest. The transition from these condition to acidic causes a significant reduction in all of these characters. Transition to extreme alkaline conditions (pH 11) at salinity higher and lower than 80 mM causes damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, oxygen liberation, and reduction of the photosystems ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Physical Form of Calf Starter: Applied Metabolic and Performance Insights
A. Nikkhah M. Alimirzaei -
Open Access Article
15 - The effects of carbon dioxide concentrations on some morphological and physiological characteristics of ligustrum vulgare
Asghar Mosleh Arany Parvaneh Yousefvand Monire Minaii Afagh Tabandeh -
Open Access Article
16 - Effect of irrigation intervals and humic acid on physiological and biochemical characteristic on medicinal plant of Thymus vulgaris
Farshad Sorkhi -
Open Access Article
17 - Comparing Individuals with Secure Attachment and Insecure Individuals in their Heart Rate Responses to Attachment-Related Film Clips
Mana Rashidi mohammad ali Mazaheri vahid nejati Abbas ZabihzadehThe aim of this study was to examine heart rate responses to attachment-related film clips in secure attachment individuals and comparing them to those with insecure attachment. The study was a quasi- experimental design. Thirty students aged between 18 and 30 (15 MoreThe aim of this study was to examine heart rate responses to attachment-related film clips in secure attachment individuals and comparing them to those with insecure attachment. The study was a quasi- experimental design. Thirty students aged between 18 and 30 (15 students with secure attachment style, 15 students with insecure attachment style) were selected by convenience sampling method. The Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ; Hazan & Shaver, 1987) was used to assess participants’ attachment styles. The heart rate (HR) reactivity of participants was monitored during eight Iranian attachment-related film clips by electrocardiogram (ECG).The results of independent t-test indicated that participants with insecure attachment had significantly lower HR reduction than participants with secure attachment during the three intense emotional weight and negative content film clips. Additionally, participants with insecure attachment had significantly lower HR reduction on the two low emotional weight and positive content film clips than participants with secure attachment. We also found the HR reactivity of individuals with insecure attachment styles was significantly higher than secure individuals during resting phase. The implications of high level of arousal and low level of emotion regulation in individuals with insecure attachment styles were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Dust Particles and Aerosols: Impact on Biota “A Review” (Part II)
Victor R Squires -
Open Access Article
19 - Physiological Responses of Pteropyrum aucheri to Short-term Warming in Semi-arid Rangelands (Case Study: Kohpanj Region, Kerman Province, Iran)
Azam Khosravi Mashizi -
Open Access Article
20 - Effects of a Growth Season Rain Pulse on Physiological Parameters and Phytochemical Compounds of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.)
Fatemeh Agah Mohammad Esmaeili Mohammad Farzam Rahmat Abbasi -
Open Access Article
21 - Study the Effect of Foliar Application of Various Methanol Concentrations on some Physiological and Yield Traits of Two Wheat Varieties
Zeynab Amiri Ghodratollah ShakaramiIn order to study the effect of foliar application of different levels of methanol on yield and physiological traits of two dry-land wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design in 2014-2015 in Khorram Abad climat MoreIn order to study the effect of foliar application of different levels of methanol on yield and physiological traits of two dry-land wheat varieties, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design in 2014-2015 in Khorram Abad climate conditions in research farm of Khorram Abad Agriculture Station. The experimental factors were: (M) Methanol foliar application (M1: distilled water (Control), M2: 10% (v/v) methanol, M3: 15% (v/v) methanol, M4: 20% (v/v) methanol, M5: 25% (v/v) methanol and M6: 30% (v/v) methanol); (V) wheat varieties (V1: Zagros, V2: Qaboos). Results showed that the effect of different levels of methanol foliar application on SPAD index and relative water content was significant and highest amount of these traits obtained in 20% methanol and 25% methanol resulted to highest biological and grain yield but methanol application had no significant impact on protein content. Highest leaf area, biological yield and grain yield obtained in Qaboos variety and highest protein content observed in Zagros variety. It appears that foliar application of methanol resulted to decrease in photo-respiration and increasing accessibility of carbon resulted from methanol degradation and Qaboos variety produced more grain yield and vegetative growth due to higher adaptability with growth medium conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The comparison of Active and Passive Recovery After One Session of Exhaustive Exercise lactate Serum and Heart Rate Level among Runners
Aَlireza Babaei Mazreno Iman Nazerian Esmat Babaei Mazreno Sedighe Sadat Mohammadi ZarchiBackground: Considering the need of athletes to reach normal conditions and prepare for the next activities, the methods of removing lactic acid and reducing the heart rate are very important. The need of athletes to recover and to prepare for the next activities, metho MoreBackground: Considering the need of athletes to reach normal conditions and prepare for the next activities, the methods of removing lactic acid and reducing the heart rate are very important. The need of athletes to recover and to prepare for the next activities, methods of disposal lactic acid are important. Method: The purpose of this study was to compare of active and passive recovery after one exhausting exercise (Bruce) in blood lactate and heart rate in male runners. 26 healthy elite men were selected and then randomly divided in two groups of 12 men in active and 14 men in passive group. Before exercise, lactate acid and heart rate were measured, then each runner performed Bruce test so that he became exhausted completely then immediately and after 10 minutes lactate acid and heart rate measured again and analyzed by repeated measures test (p>. /05). Results: Results show that lactate acid and heart rate increase significantly immediately after exercise (p<.05). Changes 10 minutes after active and passive recovery decrease than after exercise but still increased significantly than before exercise.Conclusion: Finding of this study showed that active recovery after an exhaustive training session causes significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluation of growth analysis and traits correlation in eight Rapeseed cultivars under optimum and late planting date
masoud barati mahdi Azizi reza abazarian pouya arvin In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date on growth analysis, physiological and morphological traits eight rapeseed cultivars, a field experiment was carried out cropping in Bojnourd. The experiment was conducted as split plot design with three replications More In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date on growth analysis, physiological and morphological traits eight rapeseed cultivars, a field experiment was carried out cropping in Bojnourd. The experiment was conducted as split plot design with three replications. Main plot including sowing date (Sep.21, Oct.17) and sub plot were cultivars(Zarfam, Licord, Ebonit, SLM046, Opera, Elvis, Okapi and Orient) Investigated traits included: TDM, RGR, CGR, plant height, crown diameter, sub branches number, pod length, pod per plant, grain per pod, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. Also traits correlation and growth equations were determined based on growing degree day. Result growth analysis showed that sowing date had not significant effect on TDM, RGR and CGR. However, all cultivars were died in the last sowing date, significant Difference occurred among cultivars for growth analysis traits, but sowing date × cultivar had no effect on TDM and CGR. The maximum of growth indices were detected on Oct.17 and Zarfam and Ebonit cultivars had the maximum of growth in this time. Also sowing date had effect on all characters expect 1000 grain weight and grain yield. A positive correlation were observed between grain yield with pod per plant (r= .68**) and sub branches number (r= .43**), respectively. In conclusion, there is no significant difference between the first and second sowing date, so it is seemed that early sowing date is useful for Bojnourd due to protecting from cool injuring. Also between cultivars, Ebonit and Zarfam, in order, have a priority, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of trend changes in grain yield and characteristics physiology in 15 varietie facultative and winter bread wheat.
saeed Sadr Jahani mohsen EsmaeilzadehMoghaddam nabiolah Nemati mehrdad Bloorian alireza Norzad maryam KhosraviFarahaniABSTRACT To estimate genetic progress and the variation in grain yield and characteristics physiology in facultative and winter bread wheat in 15 wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivars with facultative and winter growth habit released in Iran between the 1930 and 2010, a MoreABSTRACT To estimate genetic progress and the variation in grain yield and characteristics physiology in facultative and winter bread wheat in 15 wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivars with facultative and winter growth habit released in Iran between the 1930 and 2010, a field experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute’s Research Field Station in Karaj, during the 2010-2011 crop cycle. Results of analyzing average square of characteristics indicates significance difference between genotypes for most characteristics at statistical probability level of 1% and there is great diversity between genotypes with respect to these characteristics. Trend of temporal variation in the traits measured revealed that yield components, harvest index and biological yield have increased in more recent released cultivars, however, Physiological attributes including crop growth rate increased in recent varieties in comparison with the older cultivars but the similar trend was not found for relative crop rate in recent varieties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The effect of salicylic acid on some morphological and physiological traits under salinity stress (Catharanthus roseus)
Samaneh Abdolmohammadi Jalal OmidiAbstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in pl MoreAbstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in plants is very important. Salicylic acid is one of the beneficial compounds for plants, which plays an important role in the resistance of plants to environmental stresses, including salinity stress. To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of salicylic acid on some of the physiological and morphological parameters of an experiment, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors: salinity including sodium chloride at 0, 100 and 150 mM and salicylic acid at two levels 0 and 1 mM with four repeats. At the end of experiment, vegetative traits, chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, starch, sucrose and total protein content were measured after 28 days of treatment. The results of salinity and salicylic acid interaction showed that salinity significantly reduced the weight and dry weight of the shoot, root dry weight and root, root penetration depth, and the height of the forage plant. Salinity of 150 mM significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll a and b. In addition, the amount of sucrose and starch and protein decreased by salinity. Treatments with salicylic acid increased vegetative traits, sugars, chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein under salinity stress significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Changes in the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of the medicinal plant Clematis ispahanica Boiss. in three natural habitats of Semnan province
Mohammad Mahdi Zolfaghari Reza Naderi عاطفه امیر احمدیIn this study the antioxidant activity and physiological properties of Clematis ispahanica from different habitats of Semnan province were investigated. Three natural habitats of this plant were identified in Semnan province (Cheshmeh Ali, Dibaj and Mojen) and leaf were MoreIn this study the antioxidant activity and physiological properties of Clematis ispahanica from different habitats of Semnan province were investigated. Three natural habitats of this plant were identified in Semnan province (Cheshmeh Ali, Dibaj and Mojen) and leaf were sampled from plants. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, proline, protein, phenol, flavonoid, reducing sugars, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities were measured. Also, the antioxidant properties of plants were investigated using DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Soil analysis of all three habitats was also done. The experiment was carried out as a completely random design with 3 repetitions and comparison of the average data using Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. The results showed that the amount of plant metabolites, including soluble sugars, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, catalase enzyme activity and antioxidant properties was the highest in Cheshmeh Ali habitat and the lowest in Mojen habitat. On the other hand, the amount of plant defense compounds including proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity was the lowest in Cheshmeh Ali habitat and the highest in Mojen habitat. The amount of chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanin and protein was also the lowest in the Dibaj habitat with the highest altitude above sea level. The results of this research showed that the Cheshmeh Ali habitat with the highest amount of metabolites and the lowest amount of defense compounds is the least stressful habitat, and conversely, the Mojen habitat is the most stressful habitat for C. ispahanica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Harnessing the Power of Thermal Imaging and Infrared Sensing for Advancements in Ecophysiology
Mohammad Reza NasiriObjective: The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of thermal imaging and infrared sensing techniques in understanding various physiological and ecophysiological processes in plants. By utilizing these non-invasive tools, researchers aim to gain insights i MoreObjective: The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of thermal imaging and infrared sensing techniques in understanding various physiological and ecophysiological processes in plants. By utilizing these non-invasive tools, researchers aim to gain insights into plant responses to environmental factors, stress conditions, and overall plant health. Materials and Methods: A review of existing literature on the use of thermal imaging and infrared sensing in plant physiology and ecophysiology was conducted. The review examined experimental studies, observational approaches, and technological advancements in the field. Discussions on sensor selection, data acquisition techniques, and data analysis methods were also included. Results and Discussion : Thermal imaging and infrared sensing have become valuable tools in plant physiology and ecophysiology research, allowing for measurement and analysis of various plant parameters non-destructively. These techniques enable researchers to study plant responses to changing environmental conditions, including stress responses such as drought, heat, and disease, as well as assessing the efficiency of management practices. Conclusions: This study offers a thorough review of the use of thermal imaging and infrared sensing in plant physiology and ecophysiology. By analyzing existing literature, the study examines the methodologies, findings, and potential benefits of these techniques in studying plant responses to environmental factors. The findings can be a useful tool for researchers, shaping future research and aiding in the advancement of sustainable plant management practices. Manuscript profile
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