forgiveness

Open Access Article

1 - The role of brand forgiveness in the relationship between brand transgression and consumer coping behavior (case study: Yazd Irankhodro agencies)
amirhosein shahidi shahnaz nayebzadeh

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of brand forgiveness in the relationship between brand transgression and consumer coping behavior.  This research was applied in terms of purpose and was descriptive-correlational in terms of da More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of brand forgiveness in the relationship between brand transgression and consumer coping behavior.  This research was applied in terms of purpose and was descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in this study were the real customers of Iran Khodro Company in 2019 who have used the products and services of this company at least once in 2019, Sampling method in this research was random sampling, and 125 questionnaires had been analysed. To analyse the data in this study, descriptive statistics were used using spss21 software and to confirm the relationships between variables and factors through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling technique, SMART PLS2 software was used. The results of the research showed that brand transgression behaviour has a direct and significant effect on the coping behavior of Iran Khodro consumers in this sample and brand forgiveness has a mediating role in the relationship between brand transgression behaviour and coping behaviour. This study by examining one of the main brands of car manufactures in Iran and due to examining the transgression behaviour of this brand in the form of indicators of negative experiences in the past, image incongruence and corporate wrongdoing, provides a good insight to the managers of this industry. Strengthen the sense of brand forgiveness in brand communication programs help to prevent coping behaviours such as brand switching, complaints, revenge and likely to buy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Developing a Satisfaction Model for Service Recreation with an Emphasis on Grounded Theory-based Brand Loyalty in Banking Industry
seyed mohamad hosein lotfi ashtiani seyed mehdi jalali bita tabrizian

10.30495/jomm.2023.72801.2032

Due to the high rate of service failure in banks and its negative impact on customer behavior, this research has been conducted with the aim of developing a satisfaction model for service recreation in banking industry, with an emphasis on grounded theory-based brand lo More

Due to the high rate of service failure in banks and its negative impact on customer behavior, this research has been conducted with the aim of developing a satisfaction model for service recreation in banking industry, with an emphasis on grounded theory-based brand loyalty. The purpose of this research is in the field of developmental research, which is carried out with a qualitative method. The statistical population of the research is the experts and managers of Iran's banking industry (branch managers of the Bank of Agriculture) and 15 of them were selected in a non-random way. The main tool of data collection is semi-structured in-depth interview. The reliability and validity of the interviews were confirmed by two methods of retesting and intra-subject agreement of two coders. Qualitative data analysis was done using the grounded theory method and using MAXQDA software. Based on the paradigm model obtained in this research, the components related to satisfaction with service recreation in six categories of causal factors (customer-oriented, brand image, communication, evaluation of correct performance and growth and development of services), background conditions (brand culture), phenomenon The main factors (satisfaction with recovery), strategies (organization strategy, marketing, and advertising), intervening conditions (customer anger and environmental factors) and outcomes (brand loyalty, brand trust, customer satisfaction and profit increase) were identified.Based on the results obtained in this research, it can be concluded that the level of satisfaction and loyalty of bank customers can be improved by using service recreation solutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Etiquettes of the prayers of prophets in the Qur'an
Mohammad Reza Noor Mohammadi

10.30495/qsf.2021.684518

Prayer is man's direct relationship with God, it is calling God and hearing the answer. Prayer is asking God and receiving a gift from the unseen world. Prayer is an educational and human-made program. It is recommended that every Muslim and every human being turn to Go More

Prayer is man's direct relationship with God, it is calling God and hearing the answer. Prayer is asking God and receiving a gift from the unseen world. Prayer is an educational and human-made program. It is recommended that every Muslim and every human being turn to God and hope to be responded and not be discouraged by divine mercy. Prayer is a precious act of worship in a practical sense, which has been mentioned as a means of fulfilling desires, achieving goals. Prayer is the only way for the servants to communicate with the origin and it is the only means that God Almighty has determined for communication with Himself, if this communication and attention is not to the origin, God Almighty will cut off His special favor. In this case, the slaves lose the ability to accept this provision and lose the need for divine mercy. The Holy Qur'an considers this a kind of arrogance, even from a being who has no status other than the status of a slave. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Semantics of words indicating mercy and forgiveness in Hatam Taei's poetry; Semantic research
Mehran Najafi Hajivar

10.30495/cls.2021.679143

This research is a semantic study in Hatem Taei's poetry. After a brief look at the science of semantics and semantic domains and a brief look at Hatam's life, we studied every word in the semantic realm of forgiveness that either indicates the generosity of the poet or More

This research is a semantic study in Hatem Taei's poetry. After a brief look at the science of semantics and semantic domains and a brief look at Hatam's life, we studied every word in the semantic realm of forgiveness that either indicates the generosity of the poet or exists to gain the praise of God and people in his poetry. In examining all the words and combinations in this research, it is tried to deal with Hatam's poetry analytically, because the analysis can reveal to us the most accurate details of the issues, clarify the relationship between these words for us. This study intends to analyze the obvious or hidden relationships between these words by examining the semantics of Hatam's poetry. By extracting the words of this semantic domain, such as al-Bazal, al-Jud, Al-Khargh, Al-Ata, Al-Fazl, Al-Karam, Al-Nadi, Al-Naam, Al-Vahab, etc., and studying their semantic relations with other words, we performed a semantic analysis of Hatam Taei's poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Prediction of Marital Satisfaction of Couples in Isfahan Based on Empathy and Forgiveness
Leila Naderi . Hossein Molavi Abolghasem Nory

The purpose of this study was to predict marital satisfaction of couples in Isfahan based on empathy and forgiveness. Of all the couples in Isfahan in 2011-2012, 100 couples were sampled through random cluster sampling. Our research tools included Enriching Marital Sati More

The purpose of this study was to predict marital satisfaction of couples in Isfahan based on empathy and forgiveness. Of all the couples in Isfahan in 2011-2012, 100 couples were sampled through random cluster sampling. Our research tools included Enriching Marital Satisfaction Scale (1993), Emotional Empathy Scale (1972), and Family Forgiveness Scale (1998).  Data analyzed with Pearson correlation and linear regression. Results showed that empathy and emotional forgiveness can predict cognitive satisfaction of couples (P<0.01). Also the couples’ ages could predict marital satisfaction. (P<0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Role of Spiritual and Emotional Intelligence in Predicting of Studentsâ Forgiveness
malahat amani esmail shiri saeed rajabi

The goal of the present research was to examin the role of spiritual and emotional intelligence in predicting students’ forgiveness. The method of the research correlation. Statistical population of the research wase all 7700 students of Mohaghegh Ardebili University More

The goal of the present research was to examin the role of spiritual and emotional intelligence in predicting students’ forgiveness. The method of the research correlation. Statistical population of the research wase all 7700 students of Mohaghegh Ardebili University in 2009-10 (1388-89s.c.) academic year. This population, a sample & 230 students were selected by random cluster one- stage sampling. They completed Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte, 1988), Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (King, 2008) and Forgiveness Scale (Walker & Gorsuch, 2002). The results of regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence With 0.20 Beta predict self-forgiveness significantly (P < 0.01). Also results showed that emotional intelligence predicted forgiveness of others significantly (P < 0.01). But, spiritual intelligence a significance predictor of self-forgiveness and forgiveness of others. According to the results and discussion, spiritual intelligence can be different from spirituality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Relationship between Interpersonal Trusts,Forgiveness, Self-Efficacy and Religiosity with Procedural and Distributive Beliefs of a Just World
محمد اکبری محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between interpersonal trust, self-efficacy, religiosity and forgiveness with procedural and distributive beliefs of a just world. For this purpose, of a statistical population of in isfahan, some were selected to re More

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between interpersonal trust, self-efficacy, religiosity and forgiveness with procedural and distributive beliefs of a just world. For this purpose, of a statistical population of in isfahan, some were selected to respond in several stages of sampling to the research questionnaire and measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, by regression concurrent and stepwise anlysis by regression. Out of all the research variables for concurrent regression , only interpersonal trust a signification predictability of a procedural beliefs of a just world and interpersonal trust, Self-efficacy and high power a significant predictability of a distributive belief of a just world. In the step-by- step regression, firstly interpersonal trust and secondly high power were significantly predictive of the procedural beliefs of a just world in the step-by-step, in the firstly step , Interpersonal trust , secondly high power, thirdly self-efficacy fourthly other forgiveness and fifthly self-forgiveness were significantly predicative of the distributive beliefs of a just world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Relationship Between Extravertion, Neuroticism, Forgiveness and Islamic Coping Strategies With Happiness in College Students of Ahvaz Universities in 1387
پروین احتشام‌زاده حسن احدی میرصلاح‌الدین عنایتی محمدمهدی مظاهری علیرضا حیدری

The purpose of this study was investingation of relationship between extraversion, neuroticisim, forgiveness and Islamic coping straegies with happiness.Statistical universe was college students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz (16750 person), and Chamran University( More

The purpose of this study was investingation of relationship between extraversion, neuroticisim, forgiveness and Islamic coping straegies with happiness.Statistical universe was college students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz (16750 person), and Chamran University(12921 person). Subjects were 400 college students who selected randomly therought stratisied sampling from these universities. Instrumentes of this research were Oxford Happiness Questionair, NEO-FFI, Interpersonal forgivenes Inventory (P < 0/000 – P < 0/01) and Islamic coping strategies scale (P < 0/000-P < 0/01).Method of this research was descriptive and correlation. Data analyzad with multiple regression analysis. Results of multiple regression method indicated that there was a multiple significant correlation between four variables of predictor and dependent variable (P < 0/000), and these four variables, accounted 43/4 percent of happiness variance. Results of stepwise regression showed that intotal, among four predictors variables, neuroticism, and then extraversion,were the most strong predictors for happiness. These findings emphasized the important role of these four variables that studied in this research as effective factors to improve feeling of happiness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Effect of Forgiveness-based Group Counseling on Adjustment and Quality of Life in Women Referring to Counseling Centers in Najafabad Town
لیلا شیاسی Felor Khayatan

The present study aimed to examine the effect of forgiveness-based group counseling on adjustment and quality of life in women referring to counseling centers in Najafabad town. The research was semi-empirical with pretest-posttest and control group design. Statistical More

The present study aimed to examine the effect of forgiveness-based group counseling on adjustment and quality of life in women referring to counseling centers in Najafabad town. The research was semi-empirical with pretest-posttest and control group design. Statistical population included women with marital problems who were referred to counseling centers in Najafabad town in the Spring of 2014. At first, 3 out of 5 counseling centers in Najafabad were selected through simple sampling method. Then, 36 persons were selected through convenience sampling method as the sample and were randomly assigned into one experimental and one control group (each group, 18 persons). After administering pretest to both experimental and control groups by Social Adjustment Questionnaire (Bell, 1961) and Quality of life Scale (World Health Organization, 1996), the experimental group received 8 weekly sessions of forgiveness-based counseling training. Finally, posttest was administered by the same measures to both groups. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that forgiveness-based counseling had a significant effect on quality of life (P≤0.05). Also, the training had a significant effect on improving womens’s adjustment (P≤0.01). The results of the study may be used to improve women’s adjustment and quality of life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Mediating role of perceived social support in the effect of interpersonal forgiveness on social health in students
solmaz avarideh Samereh Asadi Majreh leila moghtader maryam abedini abbas mirbolok bozorgi

10.30486/jsrp.2019.663544

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of perceived social support in the effect interpersonal forgiveness on social health. The research method is descriptive method of correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all m More

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of perceived social support in the effect interpersonal forgiveness on social health. The research method is descriptive method of correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male and female students of Payame Noor University of Talesh in the second half of the academic year of 2016- 2017. Among them, based on Morgan's sample size table, a sample of 327 Students were selected by random sampling method and Completed Keyes Social health questionnair (2004), Zimet et al perceived social support scale (1988), and Ehteshamzadeh et al interpersonal forgiveness scale (2010). Data were analyzed by using descriptive Indicators, and path analysis method. The results showed that the perceived support from the others, friends' support and family support were directly effect on the social health of the students, respectively(P<0/01). Realistic understanding has the most indirect effect on social health (P<0/05), and after that, suffering control variable was effective on social health of students (P<0/01). Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that social support and forgiveness play a role in the social health of students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Effectiveness of Empathy Training on Forgiveness: Invastigation Role of Belief in the Just World
samira rostami farhad khormaei

10.30486/jsrp.2019.570483.1392

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of empathy skills training, composed with the concept of justice, on forgiveness. Research method was quasi experimental pretest- posttest with control group. Population of this study consisted of all undergr More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of empathy skills training, composed with the concept of justice, on forgiveness. Research method was quasi experimental pretest- posttest with control group. Population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students of Shiraz University in the academic year 2016-2017. Participants included 51 students. The experimental group was divided into two groups (17 persons) of high belief in a just world and low belief in a just world purposefully based on pretest, as well as a control group was matched with the experimental groups based on age and sex. In order to collect data Forgiveness Questionnaire (Malt et al., 1998), the Saturn & Douglas Belief in a just worldQuestionnaire (2005), Dalbert, Libkus, Sally, and Goch (2001), as well as the Empathy Training Program (Waziri and Lotfi Kashani, 2011) were used. Data was analyzed by ANOVA method in SPSS. The results confirmed the effectiveness of empathy training on forgiveness, with an emphasis on the role of belief in a just world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The contribution of spiritual health, optimism and happiness in prediction of psychological well-being among students
fatemeh farhadyan azam moradi

10.30486/jsrp.2019.576556.1513

The purpose of this study was to determination the contribution of each of the variables of spiritual health, optimism and forgiveness to predict the psychological well-being of the students of Payam-e-Noor University of Dolatabad Center. The research sample consisted o More

The purpose of this study was to determination the contribution of each of the variables of spiritual health, optimism and forgiveness to predict the psychological well-being of the students of Payam-e-Noor University of Dolatabad Center. The research sample consisted of 120 students from among 1477 students of different faculties of this university who were selected randomly and in a cluster sampling. The research method was correlation of the predicted type.The instruments were, the Rif questionnaire (1980), the Spiritual health questionnaire from the viewpoint of Islam Mousavi Moghaddam (1392), Carver & Shire (LO), Life Inventory (LOT) questionnaire (1985) and ehteshamzadeh (2010) Interpersonal Forgiveness Inventory (IFI) (2010) used.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise regression analysis.The findings showed that the average psychological well-being of students was 62.61%. The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that spiritual well-being significantly predicted the psychological well-being of students (P = 0.0001). But the addition of each of the variables of optimism and forgiveness to the spiritual health variable does not significantly increase the predictive power of psychological well-being of the students. The results of the hypothesis test showed that psychological well-being had a significant relationship with spiritual well-being, optimism and forgiveness of students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Comparison of the effectiveness of couple therapy based on forgiveness and Hendrix's Imago relationship therapy on marital forgiveness and positive feeling for the spouse
Mehrana Askary Mahnaz Mehrabi Zadh Honarmand zahra dashtbozorgi parviz askary

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1876626.2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of couple therapy based on forgiveness and communication imaging on marital past and positive feelings toward spouse in women with poor marital status. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test and pos More

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of couple therapy based on forgiveness and communication imaging on marital past and positive feelings toward spouse in women with poor marital status. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The sample size was 75 women who were selected by convenience sampling. Of these, 25 were assigned to experimental group based on forgiveness, 25 to experimental group, and 25 to control group randomly assigned. The research tools used were the Trait Forgiveness Questionnaire (Barry et al., 2005) and the Positive Feelings Questionnaire (Ellier & Trekowitz, 1978). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute training and the experimental group received 9 minutes of forgiveness-based couple therapy. Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis. Results showed that both post-test approaches had a significant effect on marital forgiveness and positive feelings toward spouse and led to a significant increase in forgiveness and positive feelings toward spouse (P <0.005). Also, there was no significant difference between the two methods of intervention in influencing the dependent variables. According to the findings, each of these approaches is one of the most effective and successful interventions in the field of couple therapy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Study Of Marvels in Mystical Verses up until 8th Century AH
Abbas Babaie Heydar Hassanloo Seyyed Nader Mohammadzadeh

One of the facts that you are not in any doubt is marvel. Because the thaumaturgic reality is different from the usual, customary and normal by default, one cannot be imagined and realized. Thus, the others fail to like it. Always pay attention to such things as the qua More

One of the facts that you are not in any doubt is marvel. Because the thaumaturgic reality is different from the usual, customary and normal by default, one cannot be imagined and realized. Thus, the others fail to like it. Always pay attention to such things as the quality of their realization. The idea has attracted the attention of scientists and writers. So faced with these issues in books and mystical card should be treated with caution and deliberation. This paper investigates and analyzes the mystical to the eighth century AD this book deals Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Examining The Causal Relationship of Marital Conflicts Based On the Components of Forgiveness in Women Seeking Divorce
Ali Delavar Farid Ahmadrad Shadnaz Naderi

The study intended to examine the causal relationship of marital conflicts based on the components of forgiveness in women seeking divorce. The statistical population included all women who referred to judicial centers in Tehran in 1998-99. The research sample subsumed More

The study intended to examine the causal relationship of marital conflicts based on the components of forgiveness in women seeking divorce. The statistical population included all women who referred to judicial centers in Tehran in 1998-99. The research sample subsumed 257 females who were selected by convenient sampling method. The research design was a correlation with structural equation type. In order to collect data, the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) of Zakir and Barati, (2008) (1387) and the Forgiveness Questionnaire (IFI) of Ehteshamzadeh et al. (2009) (1388) were used. The data analysis method was based on the structural equation procedure. The results showed; The components of forgiveness (reconnect and control, control resentment and realistic perception) had a significant direct relationship with marital conflicts and the model had an optimum goodness of fit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Role Of Differentiation, Life Meaningfulness And Forgiveness in Predicting Marital Disaffection In The Married Female Students
Kobra Kazemian Moghaddam Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand Ali Reza Kiamanesh Simin Hoseinian

The aim of this study was to determine the role of differentiation, meaningful life and forgiveness in predicting marital disaffection in the married female students of Islamic Azad University of Dezful. The research sample consisted of 256 married women that were rando More

The aim of this study was to determine the role of differentiation, meaningful life and forgiveness in predicting marital disaffection in the married female students of Islamic Azad University of Dezful. The research sample consisted of 256 married women that were randomly selected using random numbers table. The research was descriptive and correlational. The instruments of this study were Kayser’s Marital Disaffection Scale(1993) ,  Skowron’s Differentiation of Self Inventory—Revised,  Batista and Almond(1973 Life- Regard Index(LRI) and Rye’s Forgiveness Questionnaire (2001). In order to analyze the data; correlation coefficient and multiple regression were implemented. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of differentiation, life meaningful and forgiveness with marital disaffection were negatively significant. In conclusion, the results showed that differentiation, life meaningful and forgiveness played significant role in explaining and predicting the variance of marital disaffection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Relationship Between Forgiveness and Perfectionism with Marital Satisfaction in Wives of Injured Veterans in Ahvaz City
پروین Ehteshamzadeh بهنام Makvandi اشرف Bagheri

The purpose of present study was investigating the relationship between forgiveness and perfectionism with marital satisfaction in wives of injured veterans in Ahvaz city. Participants were 300 wives of injured veterans which selected through cluster random sampling in More

The purpose of present study was investigating the relationship between forgiveness and perfectionism with marital satisfaction in wives of injured veterans in Ahvaz city. Participants were 300 wives of injured veterans which selected through cluster random sampling in 1389. Family Forgiveness Questionnaire, Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire were used for collecting data. This study was a correlation research and results indicated that there were significant positive correlation between forgiveness and marital satisfaction (r= 0. 523). Also there was negative correlation between perfectionism and marital satisfaction (r= -0. 278). Finding suggested that there were multicorrelations between variables and forgiveness was the most significant predictive variable for marital satisfaction. The significant level in this study was p<0. 05. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Relationship Between Forgiveness And Marriage Satisfaction in Kermanshahi Couples
عادله Zehtab Najafi زهرا Darvizeh مهرانگیز Payvastegar

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between forgiveness and marriage satisfaction of Kermanshahi couples. The statistical population included all Kermanshahi couples with maximum 5 years of common life. The samples subsumed 200 subjects More

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between forgiveness and marriage satisfaction of Kermanshahi couples. The statistical population included all Kermanshahi couples with maximum 5 years of common life. The samples subsumed 200 subjects (100 of each gender) that were selected by incidental sampling .The study was a correlation type. The implemented instruments included ENRICH Marriage Satisfaction Questionnaire and Family Forgiveness Scale (FFS). For analyzing the data, the Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were applied. The research findings indicated that there were significant relationships between forgiveness and it's subscales with marriage satisfaction. Forgiveness was considered as a potential positive factor to maintain couples psychological and mental health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Predicting the attitude towards marital infidelity based on conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and forgiveness of Kermanshah couples
azar Zangeneh Mokhtar arefi

10.30495/iifs.2022.1953236.1025

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to predict the attitude towards marital infidelity based on conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and forgiveness of couples in Kermanshah. Methods:The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical popu More

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to predict the attitude towards marital infidelity based on conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and forgiveness of couples in Kermanshah. Methods:The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all couples who referred to counseling centers in Kermanshah in 2021-2022. The sample in the present study was selected from 5 counseling centers using available random sampling and then 200 couples were selected using Cochran's formula by purposive sampling method and with the consent of those couples who were willing to Collaborating on the study were Mark Whitley (2008), Conflict Resolution Styles (1990), Enrich (1989), and Ray et al. (2001) Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires. Results:The results showed that conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and marital forgiveness were observed as the total attitude to marital infidelity with a correlation coefficient of 0.31, 0.27 and 0.24, respectively, all of which were significant at the level of P <0.05. Stepwise regression analysis also showed that the predictor variables together explain the 0.39 variance of attitudes toward marital infidelity. Multiple correlations between variables were obtained 0.58 (R = 0.58). Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be said that the higher the use of conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and forgiveness in couples, the more negative attitudes towards marital infidelity. Therefore, considering the importance and role of conflict resolution styles, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The Effectiveness of Forgiveness-Based Couple Therapy and Religious Couple Therapy in Increasing the Compatibility and Quality of Marital Relationships in Bushehr
naser amini Syadah Zahra Musavi Abas Hamzavi

10.30495/iifs.2022.689964

Introduction:The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness-based couple therapy and religious couple therapy in increasing the compatibility and quality of marital relationships in Bushehr. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study wit More

Introduction:The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness-based couple therapy and religious couple therapy in increasing the compatibility and quality of marital relationships in Bushehr. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and a control group. The research instruments were the Spanier`s Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) (1976) and Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) (1995). The statistical population of the study included 33 people who referred to counselling and psychological centers of Bushehr. From this population, 11 couples were randomly assigned in the first experimental group of religious couple therapy, 11 couples in the second experimental group of forgiveness therapy, and the other 11 couples in the control group. The couples in each method of the religious couple therapy and the couple therapy based on forgiveness participated in 8 sessions, 90-minute program.  Results: The results of analysis of co-variance showed that religious couple therapy and couple therapy based on forgiveness led to improvement in adjustment and quality of martial relationship. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in religious couple therapy compared to couple therapy based on forgiveness in case of improving adjustment but in the case of improving the quality of martial relationship, couple therapy based on forgiveness was more effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The effectiveness of training based on forgiveness on resilience and marital burnout of patients with multiple sclerosis
Fatemeh Parnian Majid Zargham Hajebi

Present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training based on forgiveness on resilience and marital burnout of patients with multiple sclerosis. This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research st More

Present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training based on forgiveness on resilience and marital burnout of patients with multiple sclerosis. This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research statistical population was all women with multiple sclerosis, member of the association for the support of multiple sclerosis patients of Tehran city in 2017 year. Totally 30 people selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups (each group 15 people). The experimental group trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes undergoing the forgiveness training. Groups completed the questionnaires of resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and marital burnout (Pines, 1996) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method. The findings showed that training based on forgiveness was effective on forgiveness on resilience and marital burnout of women with multiple sclerosis. In the other words training based on forgiveness led to increase resilience and decrease marital burnout of women with multiple sclerosis (P<0/05). As a result, training based on forgiveness is an effective method to improve the resilience and marital burnout of women with multiple sclerosis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on forgiveness, emotional regulation, and marital intimacy of women injured with infidelity
masoud ghasedi

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the forgiveness, emotional regulation and marital intimacy of women injured with Infidelity. The research design was a quasi-experimental design using a pre More

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the forgiveness, emotional regulation and marital intimacy of women injured with Infidelity. The research design was a quasi-experimental design using a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The population of the study consisted of all women in Tehran who were betrayed by their spouses, and during the years 1395 and 1396, they asked for advisory services by referring to counseling centers. A sample of 20 people was selected from the judgmental and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups Psychotherapy sessions were performed during 8 sessions and at the end of both groups were retested. The instrument of this research was Ray's Forgiveness Questionnaire (1998), Gross & John's Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003), and Thompson & Walker's Intimacy Inventory (1983). To analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis were used. The results of the study indicated that the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy intervention on the level of forgiveness, emotional regulation and marital intimacy of women injured with betrayal had a significant positive effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Comparison of the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused couple therapy and solution-focused therapy on forgiveness and marital distress of couples seeking divorce referring to family social emergencies
Maryam Shokri Mohamad Ali Rahmani Shahnam Abolghasemi

The aim of this study was to Comparison of the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused couple therapy and solution-focused therapy on forgiveness and marital distress of couples seeking divorce referring to family social emergencies in Tehran in 1399. The research method is qu More

The aim of this study was to Comparison of the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused couple therapy and solution-focused therapy on forgiveness and marital distress of couples seeking divorce referring to family social emergencies in Tehran in 1399. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all couples referring to family social emergencies in Tehran, from which 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people in each group) and one control group (15 people) were appointed. The experimental Emotion-Focused couple therapy was trained for 10 sessions of 60 minutes and the experimental solution-focused therapy was trained for 10 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The instruments used in the present study included the Interpersonal Forgiveness Questionnaire (Ehteshamzadeh et al., 2010) and marital distress (Malach Paynes, 2005). Analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire was performed in two descriptive and inferential sections (independent and paired t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance). The results showed that both Emotion-Focused couple therapy and solution-focused therapy are effective on forgiveness and marital distress of couples seeking divorce referring to family social emergencies. The difference is that Emotion-Focused couple therapy has a greater effect than the solution-focused therapy on the forgiveness and marital boredom of couples seeking divorce referring to family social emergencies. According to the findings, two approaches of Emotion-Focused couple therapy and solution-focused therapy can be used as effective, low-cost and effective approaches with wide applicability in improving forgiveness and repairing relationships between couples with marital boredom. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Explanation Spiritual Well-being and happiness based on forgiveness component in nounclear family
mohammad Ahangarcani saman kamari roghayeh zarei

Forgiveness is a particular dimension of spirituality at the appropriate level, is associated with health-related issues. So the aim of this study is to explain the spiritual well-being and happiness of the couple on the basis of forgiveness component in nuclear familie More

Forgiveness is a particular dimension of spirituality at the appropriate level, is associated with health-related issues. So the aim of this study is to explain the spiritual well-being and happiness of the couple on the basis of forgiveness component in nuclear families. The research method was descriptive and correlational research. The data collected was includes spiritual well-being questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and questionnaire measures of "forgiveness" in the family (FFS). Research data were analyzed by using correlation and multivariate regression and independent t-test. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the component of forgiveness nuclear family with spiritual well-being and happiness of the couple's )P< .(01/0 Results of regression analysis showed that the following components of forgiveness with the exception of a realization and Restitution predictive component in the couple's spiritual well-being And also the components of resolution, realization and Restitution the most significant positive contribution in anticipation of the happiness of the couple. Also there was no significant difference between the sexes (male and female) in happiness, forgiveness and spiritual well-being. Generally the results of research clarify that forgiveness is an effective component to increase spiritual well-being and happiness in couples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Effect of Solution-Based Couple Therapy on Forgiveness, Emotional Self-Regulation and Marital Boredom of Couples Seeking Divorce
Maryam Shokri Mohammad Al Rahmani Shahnam Abolghasemi

Purpose: Solution-oriented therapy is one of the types of postmodern treatment approaches in the field of family and marriage, which emphasizes finding solutions by clients in collaboration with the therapist. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of More

Purpose: Solution-oriented therapy is one of the types of postmodern treatment approaches in the field of family and marriage, which emphasizes finding solutions by clients in collaboration with the therapist. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of solution-oriented couple therapy on forgiveness, emotional self-regulation and marital boredom of couples seeking divorce. Method: The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples seeking divorce who referred to the Social Emergency Center in Tehran in 1398. By available sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Research tools include demographic information checklist - researcher-made form, marital boredom scale (Pinez, 1996), interpersonal forgiveness scale (Ehteshamzadeh et al., 2010) and cognitive emotion regulation scale (Garnefski et al., 2001) was. The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention 3 sessions per week for 2 hours but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS / 26. Findings: The results showed that solution-oriented couple therapy was effective in reducing marital boredom in the experimental group in the post-test phase (P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean forgiveness score and cognitive emotion regulation of the subjects in the two groups in the post-test stage (P <0.05). Conclusion: Solution-based couple therapy has been able to reduce marital boredom and improve forgiveness skills and regulate couples' emotions. It is suggested that family counselors use this treatment method to help solve marital and family problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Native Package of Forgiveness based on Ancient Persian Literature with Worthington's Therapeutic Forgiveness on Emotional Dyslexia and Emotional Safety of Teenagers Attempting Suicide in Isfahan City
Reza Homaei Alireza Maredpour Armin Mahmudi

Purpose: The aim of the present study was the Compassion of treatment method forgiveness and compare it with effectiveness of Worthington method forgiveness of treatment on Alexithymia and Emotional Safety of Adolescents attempting Suicide in Isfahan. Methodology: The r More

Purpose: The aim of the present study was the Compassion of treatment method forgiveness and compare it with effectiveness of Worthington method forgiveness of treatment on Alexithymia and Emotional Safety of Adolescents attempting Suicide in Isfahan. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test and follow up with control group. The statistical population included all adolescents in the age group of 16 to 18 years who attempted suicide in Isfahan and sample size included 90 people, 30 of whom were randomly selected in the experimental group (treatment method forgiveness), 30 people in the experimental group (Worthington method forgiveness of treatment) and 30 in the control group and selected by available sampling method. Indigenous package based on ancient Persian literature of forgiveness (based on poems by Ferdowsi, Nezami, Khayyam, Molavi, Saadi and Roudaki) was implemented for adolescents who attempted suicide in the experimental group (in 8 sessions). Measurement tools included the 13- item Emotional Safety Questionnaire of Casey Family Service Center (2007) and the 20-item Alexithymia Questionnaire of Bagby, Parker and Taylor (1994). For data analysis, covariance analysis test with repeated measures was used. Findings: The results showed that there was a There was a significant difference between the effectiveness Worthington's forgiveness therapy and native package made by the researcher on the emotional safety of adolescents attempting suicide. Conclusion: There was also a There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of Worthington's forgiveness therapy and native package made by the researcher on emotional dyslexia of adolescents attempting suicide. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Predict happiness based on forgiveness and positive and negative emotions
Loobat Abolmasoumi Haiede Saberi

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between forgiveness and positive and negative emotions of happiness among employees Department of Agriculture's Economic Planning. For this purpose, 148 employees of the office staff were selected by simp More

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between forgiveness and positive and negative emotions of happiness among employees Department of Agriculture's Economic Planning. For this purpose, 148 employees of the office staff were selected by simple random sampling. In this study, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale Oxford happiness questionnaire and Heartland Forgiveness Scale were used to collect information. The results showed that positive emotion has a positive and significant correlation with happiness. While negative emotions variable is negative and significant correlation with happiness. The results also showed a significant variable for forgiveness does not predict happiness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - The mediating role of self- differentiation and forgiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and life satisfaction in married women.
roghieh Haji Rostamloo Abdolhasan Farhangi Reza Hosseinpour

10.30495/jwsf.2023.1971908.1763

Life satisfaction is one of the most important factors of well-being and mental health, which positive psychology has paid special attention to in recent decades. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-differentiation and More

Life satisfaction is one of the most important factors of well-being and mental health, which positive psychology has paid special attention to in recent decades. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-differentiation and forgiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and life satisfaction in married women. This research was descriptive and correlational. Its statistical population included 798 married women in Tehran city, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method and used Diener's (1985) life satisfaction questionnaires, Luthans and Morgan's (2007) psychological capitals, Drake's individual differentiation (2011) and interpersonal forgiveness answered by Ehtshamzadeh et al. (2011). Structural equation method and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The results showed that psychological capital, self-differentiation and interpersonal forgiveness directly had a significant effect on life satisfaction (P < 0.05). In addition, these psychological capitals had an effect on life satisfaction indirectly and through the mediation of interpersonal forgiveness and self- differentiation (P < 0.05). The findings of this study can be used to create a solution to reduce the destructive effects of not being satisfied with life in married women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Comparison of the effectiveness of forgiveness-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on marital boredom and life orientation of women affected by infidelity.
javad Taghavi Behnam Makvandi Hamdollah jayrvand

10.30495/jwsf.2023.1990363.1872

The structure of a family begins with dating and marriage, and marriage is considered a source of different experiences, and in this regard, the purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based the More

The structure of a family begins with dating and marriage, and marriage is considered a source of different experiences, and in this regard, the purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on marital dissatisfaction and dysfunctional beliefs in women affected by Wife's betrayal is in Gilan province. This research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group, during which the statistical sample includes 90 married women who referred to the counseling centers of the province in 1401-1402 with the benefit of purposeful sampling and based on The entry criteria were randomly selected and placed in two test groups and one control group. The treatment in this research includes two treatment protocols based on acceptance and commitment and based on forgiveness for 8 sessions in groups of 30 people, and all three groups were tested pre- and post-test by two marital burnout questionnaires (CBM) and Idelsen and Epstein's communication beliefs. RBI) was measured and the data of the research were analyzed using the method of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS software and LSD post hoc test. According to the significance of F calculated for the variables of marital dissatisfaction (F = 192.244) and ineffective communication beliefs (F = 349.558) at the 5% level, it can be confirmed that they are effective. Therefore, according to the findings, despite the difference in the content and process of the two approaches based on forgiveness and based on acceptance and commitment, both have been effective on the research variables and the effectiveness of the ACT approach is relatively higher. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Legal and Penal Analysis of Article 268 of Islamic Punishment law.
Javad Habibi

According to Islamic punishment law, Quran and prophetic religion, murder resulted to punishment of retaliation.The mentioned punishment regards as penalties which have private aspect. Right owners in Islamic religion, contrary to previous religion, can select one of th More

According to Islamic punishment law, Quran and prophetic religion, murder resulted to punishment of retaliation.The mentioned punishment regards as penalties which have private aspect. Right owners in Islamic religion, contrary to previous religion, can select one of these cases (retaliation or forgiveness). On this basis Islamic legislators in Hodood and Retaliation Act (1361) in article 54 have expressly recognized this right for the sacrifical parents. It’s the law that after victim’s death this right transfers to the sacrificial parents. Nevertheless, legislator, contrary to the mentioned article, grants the forgiveness right to victim with ratification of article 268 of Islamic punishment law. But this article is not correct and legal according to the analysis in this essay. However, in spite of the present objections, the drafters proposed Islamic punishment code in article 18 and 315. This code extends the concept of forgiveness and refers to blood-money. It also indicates that the sacrificial parents can’t request the blood-money but in article 268, they can request it.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - God and Forgiveness in Saadi poem calling
alireza Modareszadeh

All Saadi experts, despite some criticisms, consider him as the great teacher of moral principles and the master of education. Therefore, his lofty status in the spread of moral principals is established in the Persian literature. Saadi has made use of any opportunity t More

All Saadi experts, despite some criticisms, consider him as the great teacher of moral principles and the master of education. Therefore, his lofty status in the spread of moral principals is established in the Persian literature. Saadi has made use of any opportunity to spread moral principals in his works. One of the priorities of moral principals is in his works is calling God and forgiveness. This concept is very obvious in the chapter of advising kings. Therefore, the present article is an attempt for investigating this artistic and moral device in Saadi's works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The Mediating Role of Forgiveness on the Relationship Between Dimensions of Perfectionism and Interpersonal Problems
Hamed Kashanaki Mohammad Ali Besharat Fereshteh Rajabian Tabesh

Recent studies have shown that forgiveness can predict mental health and the quality of relationships. The present study investigate the moderating role of types of forgiveness (self, other, and position) on the relationship between perfectionism and interpersonal probl More

Recent studies have shown that forgiveness can predict mental health and the quality of relationships. The present study investigate the moderating role of types of forgiveness (self, other, and position) on the relationship between perfectionism and interpersonal problems. A total of 286 students (154 girls, 132 boys) from University of Tehran participated in this study. Participants completed Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Besharat, 2007), Dispositional Hartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson, Snyder, Hoffman, Michael, Rasmussen, et al., 2005), and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (Besharat, 2016). Results showed that the types of forgiveness are negatively related to dimensions of perfectionism and this relationship was different between girls and boys. Also dimensions of perfectionism were positively related to interpersonal problems in both men and women. Generally, types of forgiveness mediated the association between perfectionism and interpersonal problems. Based on these results, it can be concluded that perfectionism is not entirely a maladaptive trait. When perfectionism is accompanied by forgiveness, it may be efficient. A comparison between girls and boys revealed an influential role for sex on the relationships between variables studied.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - The Forgiveness in Saadis Gulistan
parisa davari

Forgiveness is among human and moral concepts which has highly been dealt with in our literary texts. It specially holds a prominent place in didactic and mystic works and has been in particular and individually referred to in some texts; contrary to expectations, howev More

Forgiveness is among human and moral concepts which has highly been dealt with in our literary texts. It specially holds a prominent place in didactic and mystic works and has been in particular and individually referred to in some texts; contrary to expectations, however, there is no chapter dedicated specifically to this concept in the works created by Saadi. It has rather been briefly pointed out in his anecdotes. At first, he attributes this trait to the God and correlates it with the “concealing” attribute of the God. He, then, invites regnant in his aphorisms to show forgiveness. That might be the reason why the concept is more referred to in the first chapter (Kings’ Way of Life). As Saadi puts it, the kings, who often had erratic nature and handed down stiff sentences, mostly forgave disfavored through intermediation of third parties, considering an elegant speech or an epigram favored by his royal nature , a reply or reasoning by the disfavored or someone else or beholding a behavior exhibited by the disgraced. He attributes the trait to the God’s fellows as well and regarding Dervish ethics tells two anecdotes validating this statement. It is worthwhile mentioning that regardless of all his commendations concerning forgiveness, he believes that the kings sometimes offer forgiveness unduly and by mistake to oppressors and corrupt agents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Structural model of Alexithymia in relation to Alexithymia and interpersonal forgiveness with mediating role of marital dissatisfaction in women
Anesteh Amirkhosravi Hadi Bahrami AbouTaleb Seadate Shamir

The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of Alexithymia in relation to emotional distress and interpersonal forgiveness with a mediating role of marital dissatisfaction in women referred to family counseling centers. The present study was a correlation wi More

The aim of this study was to develop a structural model of Alexithymia in relation to emotional distress and interpersonal forgiveness with a mediating role of marital dissatisfaction in women referred to family counseling centers. The present study was a correlation with the structural equation model approach. From the statistical population of women referring to psychological clinics and counseling centers, 440 people were selected as a sample using a cluster random method. Guttman (1994) Alexithymia Scale, Bagby et al. (1994) Emotional Dysfunction, Pollard et al. (1998) and Enrich (1989) Marital Satisfaction Scale were used to collect data. Structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that all the indicators of model fit with the data have acceptable values. Emotional malaise (p≤0.01 and t = 4.773) directly and interpersonal forgiveness (p≤0.01 and t = 8.06) and marital satisfaction (p≤0.01 and t = 9.30) Inversely and meaningfully, it can predict emotional divorce. The results of the bootstrap test also showed that marital satisfaction has a significant mediating role in the relationship between emotional malaise and interpersonal forgiveness with emotional divorce. In general, it can be said that reducing the Alexithymia of women should pay attention to the components of emotional distress and marital dissatisfaction as accelerating factors of Alexithymia and the component of interpersonal forgiveness as a factor that reduces Alexithymia between couples. Be. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Develop a Forgiveness Model Based on Belief in a Fair / Unjust World Mediated by Conscious Emotions
Tahereh Jolanian hayede saberi Simin Bashardost

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-conscious emotions in the relationship between belief in a just / unfair world with forgiveness. The design of this study was descriptive (non-experimental) of structural equation modeling. The samp More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-conscious emotions in the relationship between belief in a just / unfair world with forgiveness. The design of this study was descriptive (non-experimental) of structural equation modeling. The sample of the study consisted of 411 people who were referred to Karaj health houses in the summer of 1977. . The participants responded to the Fair Faith Beliefs Questionnaire (BJWS), the third revised version of the Adult Self-Awareness Scale (TOSCA-3) and the Vote et al. (2001) Scale of Structural Equation Modeling Results showed that belief in the world Fair / unfair predicts forgiveness significantly, and indirect coefficient of coefficient between fair world belief and forgiveness (β = 0.05, P <0.05) was positive and significant at 0.05 level, indicating a role Mediation is the emotion of the conscious. The conceptual model of the research was validated using the data and fit indices of the model confirm it. The results of this study show that forgiveness is not just a secondary phenomenon that is a product of positive life experiences or personal characteristics, etc. It should be an interactive approach to negativity and, as a positive behavioral outcome, can be the result of structural interaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Effectiveness of group intervention of forgiveness on mental health and anger control Prisoners with a crime of mass fight
Sajjad Yarian Seyyed Rohollah Mahmoodi Moghadam Shirali Kharamin Fariborz Nikdel

Positive psychology (forgiveness training), can cause an increase in mental health and anger control. The purpose of this study was to teach forgiveness on mental health and anger control of inmates with mass fight crime in central prison of Yasooje. Therefore, 90 patie More

Positive psychology (forgiveness training), can cause an increase in mental health and anger control. The purpose of this study was to teach forgiveness on mental health and anger control of inmates with mass fight crime in central prison of Yasooje. Therefore, 90 patients were randomly assigned to experiment and control groups (60 patients with pre-test and post-test and 30 control). The Experiment group was taught forgiveness in 7weekly sessions, each session lasting 90 minutes, but the control group underwent no training. People were evaluated in both pre and post-tests in terms of aggression and mental health. The data variance analysis indicated that the means cores of mental health in experimental group compared to the control group has increased at post-test stage. The mean scores for anger control as compared to the control group at post-test, was found to have a significant reduction. It seems that teaching forgiveness and its components, on one hand can reduce large part of people going to prison and on the other hand it helps to improve the mental health and anger control, especially while they are in prison; what seems to be necessary for the prison guards, staff and managers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The relationship between marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction with couple mental health
Somaye Ezadi Mohtaram Nemat Tavosi

Quality of life is a set of emotional and cognitive reactions against physical, psychological, and social situations; and is considered as the final outcome of clinical trials, interventions and health care services, and is an important factor in reducing symptoms of ch More

Quality of life is a set of emotional and cognitive reactions against physical, psychological, and social situations; and is considered as the final outcome of clinical trials, interventions and health care services, and is an important factor in reducing symptoms of chronic mental and physical illnesses. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in quality of life among patients with MS. Therefore, in a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and control group, 30 patients with MS were selected through convenience sampling method and assigned randomly into experimental or control groups (n=15). The subjects were evaluated for quality of life prior to and after the intervention, and at two month follow up. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes group mindfulness therapy once a week. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that the mindfulness therapy resulted in increase in quality of life and this increase was sustained at follow up point. Given the importance of quality of life among patients with MS, it is possible to improve the factor among these patients with mindfulness training. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Childhood abuse and the amount of forgivenessin married individuals
Mehdi Rostami Mansor Abdi Hasan Heidari

Any failure, neglect, or committing any act that would endanger the child's physical and mental health and inflict damage on it, is considered as a child abuse. Abuse and neglect are accompanied with a range of emotional and psychiatric problems. It seems that the exper More

Any failure, neglect, or committing any act that would endanger the child's physical and mental health and inflict damage on it, is considered as a child abuse. Abuse and neglect are accompanied with a range of emotional and psychiatric problems. It seems that the experience of maltreatment types during childhood can be effective on the amount of forgiveness in adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between types of childhood abuse and their amount of forgiveness in adulthood. For this purpose, 337 cases were selected from available samples and they were examined in terms of child abuse and amount of forgiveness. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that the highest rate of abuse being reported was emotional abuse, and the least was physical abuse. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between the types of abuse experienced in childhood along with forgiveness. Research results indicated that sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse and neglect are able to predict the amount of the forgiveness in adulthood. There was a significant difference between abuse in men and women, but there was no significant difference in the amount of forgiveness. This study indicated that the experience of childhood abuse types can have major impact on adulthood's forgiveness Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - The Mediating role of self- differentiation and forgiveness in the Relationship between Psychological capital and life Satisfaction in married Women.
roghieh haji rostamloo abdolhassan farhangi Reza Hosseinpour

Life satisfaction is one of the most important factors of well-being and mental health, Has received special attention from positive psychology in recent decades The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-differentiation and f More

Life satisfaction is one of the most important factors of well-being and mental health, Has received special attention from positive psychology in recent decades The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-differentiation and forgiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and life satisfaction in married women. This research was descriptive and correlational. Its statistical population included 798 married women in Tehran city, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The research instruments included Diener's (1985) life satisfaction questionnaires, Luthans and Morgan's (2007) psychological capitals, Drake's individual differentiation (2011) and interpersonal forgiveness by Ehtshamzadeh et al. (2011). Structural equation method and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The results showed that psychological capital, self-differentiation and interpersonal forgiveness directly had a significant effect on life satisfaction (P < 0.05). In addition, these psychological capitals had an effect on life satisfaction indirectly and through the mediation of interpersonal forgiveness and self- differentiation (P < 0.05). The findings of this study can be used to create a solution to reduce the destructive effects of not being satisfied with life in married women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Comparing the effectiveness of forgiveness training and mindfulness training on communication skills in persons with drug abuse disorder
Alireza Nakhaee ali arab Masoud Rostam

The current research was to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness training and mindfulness training on communication skills in persons with substance abuse disorder. The semi-experimental research method was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a heterogeneous cont More

The current research was to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness training and mindfulness training on communication skills in persons with substance abuse disorder. The semi-experimental research method was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a heterogeneous control group. The statistical population included all drug users who referred to the addiction treatment camp in Zabul city. The semi-experimental research method was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a heterogeneous control group. The statistical population included all drug users who referred to the addiction treatment camp in Zabul city, 45 persons whose score in the communication skills questionnaire was 1.5 standard deviation units higher than the average and were randomly identified into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) were placed. The first experimental group received 12 sessions of forgiveness training and the second experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness training and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected using the Queen Dam communication skills questionnaire (2004) and analyzed using the variance analysis method with repeated measurement design (simple mixed design). The results showed that forgiveness training and mindfulness training have a positive effect on the communication skills of persons with substance abuse disorder. On the other hand, there is a difference between the effectiveness of forgiveness training and mindfulness training on the communication skills of persons with substance abuse disorder. And the effectiveness of mindfulness training is more than forgiveness training. Considering the effectiveness of the two methods of teaching forgiveness and mindfulness, this method can be used to increase the communication skills of persons with substance abuse. Manuscript profile

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