Compilation of forgiveness-oriented schema therapy package and its comparison with schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy and its effect on commitment, intimacy of women with marital conflicts referred to counseling clinics in Shiraz family

Subject Areas : Tectonostratigraphy

fereshteh bagherizadeh moghaddam ¹ , Flora khayatan ² , Zahra Yosefi ³

1 - Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch, Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran.
2 - Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch, Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran.
3 - Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch, Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran

Received: 2021-03-01 Accepted : 2021-10-12 Published : 2021-07-23

Keywords: Marital intimacy, Schema therapy, Forgiveness-oriented schema therapy, forgiveness therapy,

Abstract :

Introduction & Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a forgiveness-oriented schema therapy educational package and compare its effectiveness with schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral timing on marital intimacy, marital commitment on women with marital conflicts in Shiraz. It was an exploratory research project with two stages, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative stage, in order to compile the forgiveness-based treatment schema package, the qualitative method of thematic analysis (thematic) was data-driven, and in the quantitative part, a four-group quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and control group was used. Scientific sources included books, articles and dissertations related to the field of marital conflicts and in a small part included women with marital conflicts who referred to counseling centers in Shiraz in 1998. They and having the criteria for entering and leaving the study were randomly assigned to 15 people in each of the three training groups and 15 people in the control group for a total of 60 people. Results: Findings in the qualitative stage, the training package fits the forgiveness-oriented schema therapy scheme With the needs of women with marital conflicts in the form of 11 90-minute sessions with a specialized agreement of 0.924

References:

1. Edalati A, Redzuan MR. Perception of women towards family values and their marital satisfaction. Journal of American science. 2010 Mar;6(4):132-7.


2. Hansch JA. Effects of parental divorce on uncertainty following initial communication with a potential romantic partner. Marquette University; 2010.


3. Hosseini A, Zahrakar K,Davarnia R, Shakarami M, Mohammadi B. The Relationship between Marital Commitment and Personality Traits, Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2017; 5 (22): 788-796.


4. Hatfield E, Rapson RL. Love, sex, and intimacy: Their psychology, biology, and history. HarperCollins College Publishers; 1993.


5. Bagarozzi DA. Enhancing intimacy in marriage: A clinician's guide. routledge; 2014 Jan 27


6. Cordova JV, Gee CB, Warren LZ. Emotional skillfulness in marriage: Intimacy as a mediator of the relationship between emotional skillfulness and marital satisfaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2005 Mar 1;24(2):218-35.


7. Jaberi S, Etemadi O, Ahmadi S. The relationship between communication skills and marital intimacy, two journals of cognitive and behavioral sciences research.2017; 5 (2): 143-152.


8. Ahmetoglu G, Swami V, Chamorro-Premuzic T. The relationship between dimensions of love, personality, and relationship length. Archives of sexual behavior. 2010 Oct;39(5):1181-90.


9. Akhtar S, Barlow J. Forgiveness therapy for the promotion of mental well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2018 Jan;19(1):107-22.


10. Nazari M, Navai Nezhad Sh. Investigating the Effect of Communication Improvement Program on Satisfaction of Both Employed Couples, News and Consulting Research, 2005; 4 (13); 35-59.


11. Ghanbari B, Hatami B, Varzaneh A, Esmaili M, Farahbakhsh K. Relationship between parenting styles, attachment and marital commitment in married women of Allameh Tabatabaei University. Journal of Women and Society, 2011; 2 (7); 39-60.


12. Momeni Kh, Kavosi O, Amani R. Predicting Marital Commitment Based on Self-Differentiation, Family Solidarity and Adaptability, and Marital Intimacy, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Pathology, Counseling, and Family Enrichment, 2016; 1 (2); 46-58.


13. Hadi S, Eskandari H, Sohrabi F, Motamedi A, FarokhiNor A. Structural model of predicting marital commitment based on attachment styles and mediating variables of self-control and early maladaptive schemas (in individuals with emotional extramarital affair), Quarterly Journal of Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy. 2017; 7 (22): 33-60.


14. Chatav Y, Whisman MA. Partner schemas and relationship functioning: A states of mind analysis. Behavior therapy. 2009 Mar 1;40(1):50-6.


15. Wright PH. Men's friendships, women's friendships and the alleged inferiority of the latter. Sex roles. 1982 Jan;8(1):1-20.


16. Thimm JC. Mediation of early maladaptive schemas between perceptions of parental rearing style and personality disorder symptoms. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry. 2010 Mar 1;41(1):52-9.


17. Sacco WP, Phares V. Partner appraisal and marital satisfaction: the role of self‐esteem and depression. Journal of Marriage and Family. 2001 May;63(2):504-13.


18. Zibae A, Gholami H, Zare M, Mahdian H, HaresAbadi M. . The Effect of Web-Based Education on Adolescent Anger Control in Mashhad Girls' Middle Schools, Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2014; 13 (10): 784-794.


19. Sadri E, Asadi S, Esmaili Gh, Loli F. Effectiveness of Social Emotional Skills Program Training on Anger Control and Social Problem Solving Ability in Drug Addicts, Journal of Disciplinary Medicine. 2018; 7 (1): 67-76.


20. Zandavanian A, Meroti M, Amrolahi M. The Effect of Anger Management Training on Increasing the Mental Health of Mothers with Disabled Children, Yazd School of Health Bi-Quarterly. 2015; 13 (3): 1-17.


21. Kabosi M, Ghorbani A. Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Anger Control Training on Adolescents with Behavioral Disorders, Journal of Exceptional Education. 2018; 1 (138): 22-30.


22. Perlis RH, Smoller JW, Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, Nierenberg AA, Sachs GS. The prevalence and clinical correlates of anger attacks during depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. Journal of affective disorders. 2004 Apr 1;79(1-3):291-5.


23. Baskin TW, Rhody M, Schoolmeesters S, Ellingson C. Supporting special-needs adoptive couples: Assessing an intervention to enhance forgiveness, increase marital satisfaction, and prevent depression. The Counseling Psychologist. 2011 Oct;39(7):933-55.


24. Chatav Y, Whisman MA. Partner schemas and relationship functioning: A states of mind analysis. Behavior therapy. 2009 Mar 1;40(1):50-6.


25. Bach B, Lockwood G, Young JE. A new look at the schema therapy model: organization and role of early maladaptive schemas. Cognitive behaviour therapy. 2018 Jul 4;47(4):328-49.


26. Baldwin, M. W (1992). Relational schemas and the processing of social information. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 461-484.


27. Dadomo H, Grecucci A, Giardini I, Ugolini E, Carmelita A, Panzeri M. Schema therapy for emotional dysregulation: Theoretical implication and clinical applications. Frontiers in psychology. 2016 Dec 22;7:1987.


28. Daciana D, Rusu Alina S. Relationship between early maladaptive schemas, couple satisfaction and individual mate value: an evolutionary psychological approach. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies. 2012;12(1):63-76.


29. Adams JM, Jones WH. The conceptualization of marital commitment: An integrative analysis. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1997 May;72(5):1177.


30. Van den Broucke S, Vertommen H, Vandereycken W. Construction and validation of a marital intimacy questionnaire. Family Relations. 1995 Jul 1:285-90.


31. AliMohamadi S, Mohsen Zadeh F, Zeharkar K. The effectiveness of group schema therapy on increasing marital satisfaction and reducing marital burnout in women with bulimia nervosa. Disability studies. 2019; 9 (61): 18-28.


32. Asghari F, Sadeghi A, Zare S, Entezari M. Investigating the relationship between maladaptive schemas with marital conflict and marital instability between couples seeking divorce and normal couples. Pathology: Counseling and family enrichment. (2016); 1(1): 46-58.


33. Agu SA, Nwankwo BE. Influence of religious commitment, intentionality in marriage and forgiveness on marital satisfaction among married couples. IFE Psychologia: An International Journal. 2019 Sep 1;27(2):121-33.


34. Rusbult CE, Martz JM, Agnew CR. The investment model scale: Measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal relationships. 1998 Dec;5(4):357-87.


35. Finkel EJ, Rusbult CE, Kumashiro M, Hannon PA. Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness?. Journal of personality and social psychology. 2002 Jun;82(6):956.


36. Fincham FD, Hall J, Beach SR. Forgiveness in marriage: Current status and future directions. Family Relations. 2006 Oct;55(4):415-27.


37. McCullough ME. Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being. Journal of social and clinical psychology. 2000 Mar;19(1):43-55.


38. Weiss HM, Suckow K, Cropanzano R. Effects of justice conditions on discrete emotions. Journal of applied Psychology. 1999 Oct;84(5):786.


39. Falcke D, Wagner A, Mosmann C. Estratégias de resolução de conflito e violência conjugal. Casal e família: transmissão, conflito e violência. 2013;14(2):159-7.


40. Waldron VR, Kelley DL. Communicating forgiveness. Sage; 2008.


41. Asgari A, Godarzi K. The effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on marital intimacy of couples on the verge of divorce. Social health. 2019; 2 (6); 174-185.


42. Pooryahya M, Shirkavand F, Salimi A, Davarnia R, Shakarami M. The effect of group-based forgiveness intervention on marital intimacy of women affected by breach of contract. Knowledge Horizon Quarterly. 2018; 2 (25): 102-109.


43. Khajouei Nia M, Ghiasi M, Izadi S, Sarami Forooshani G. Study early maladaptive schemas as predictors of marital dissatisfaction in India and Iran-Role of conditional schemas as a mediator and moderator. Applied Environmental and Biological sciences. 2014;5(11):590-7.


44. Aalgaard RA, Bolen RM, Nugent WR. A literature review of forgiveness as a beneficial intervention to increase relationship satisfaction in couples therapy. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 2016 Jan 2;26(1):46-55.


45. Simos G, editor. Cognitive behaviour therapy: a guide for the practicing clinician. Psychology Press; 2002.


46. Young J, Gluhoski V. A schema-focused perspective on satisfaction in close relationships. New York: Guilford Press 1997.


47. Shiri T, GOlmohamadian M, Hojatpanah M. The effectiveness of schema therapy on dysfunctional attitudes toward spouse selection in female students. Culture of counseling and psychotherapy. 2016; 7 (27): 172-188.