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Open Access Article
1 - Content analysis of the illustration of children story books: primary school age groups during 80
Zohreh Mirhossieni Zahra Abazari Fatemeh MadaniPurpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the children`s story books illustration during 80`s. Four factors are analyzed in this research:1. Appearance 2. Relation between illustration & content 3. Relation between illustration & primary school childre MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the children`s story books illustration during 80`s. Four factors are analyzed in this research:1. Appearance 2. Relation between illustration & content 3. Relation between illustration & primary school children needs 4. Quality of illustrations. Method: The research method is conceptual content analysis. The criteria of The Children Book Council and The Children & Young Adult Intellectual Center are adopted in this research. According to the criteria, a checklist is prepared. On the whole, 335 books during decade 80's, were accidentally analyzed by the checklist. Findings: The findings show that, the first factor (Appearance) with 55.38% were in good conditions & 30.7% were not good enough.The second factor (Relation between illustration & content) with 70% were in good relations & 2% were not good enough.The third factor (Relation between illustration &children needs) with 60.3% were in good relations & 16% were not good enough.The fourth factor (quality of illustrations) with 44.73% were in good quality and 27% were not good enough. Conclusions: According to the findings, the published books of 80's for primary school children had a good status regarding appearances and their relation with the needs. The relation between the content & the illustrations was considered, but the quality of the illustration was less considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Comparative study of three stories by Moniro Ravanipour: Kanizu, Gypsy by the Fire, The Drowned
Shahrooz Shahdin Abolqasem Amir Ahamdi Ali Eshghi SardehiMoniro Ravanipour – one of the most successful Iranian contemporary authors – whose method is magical realism and by imitating Colombian Gabriel García Márquez writing method succeeded to create precious works to the world and Iran's literature MoreMoniro Ravanipour – one of the most successful Iranian contemporary authors – whose method is magical realism and by imitating Colombian Gabriel García Márquez writing method succeeded to create precious works to the world and Iran's literature such as Kanizu, Gypsy by the Fire and The Drowned by inspiring "A Hundred Year of Solitude". On the other hand she is also known as Folklore author because of working on folkloric literature and creating real scenes as well as applying proverbs, allusions and native phrases. This article initially introduces Moniro Ravanipour and her ideas and works then studies magical realism in Persian literature followed by structuralism and content – based criticism in three novels: Kanizu, Gypsy by the Fire and The Drowned Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - One Anecdote, Several Narrations A Comparative Review of the Story, Death Angel (Azrael) Looking at a Man... in Mathnavi and Other Sources
Karīmbakhsh SajjādīThe present article compares one of the anecdotes of Mathnavi (Death Angel (Azrael) looking at a man...) with some other resources in order to explain the advantages of Molānā’s narration in comparison to them.The present article compares one of the anecdotes of Mathnavi (Death Angel (Azrael) looking at a man...) with some other resources in order to explain the advantages of Molānā’s narration in comparison to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparative Study of "Abu Muslim Nameh" by Abu Tahre al-Tarsusi and Abu Muslim al – Khorasani by Jurji Zaydan
Asgar Babazadeh Aqdam Hossein Tak Tabar FirouzjaeiNarration and recounting about Abu Muslim Khorasani and his uprising have always been the literati and historians and each described it according to their own understanding and attitude. Amongst all two Arabic and Persian literati – Jurji Zaydan and Abu Taher Tars MoreNarration and recounting about Abu Muslim Khorasani and his uprising have always been the literati and historians and each described it according to their own understanding and attitude. Amongst all two Arabic and Persian literati – Jurji Zaydan and Abu Taher Tarsusi have studied Abu Muslim issue with a special attitude and offered various concepts as well as contradict ones. According to his status, the present paper intends to compare the structure and the content of Abu Muslim Khorasani and Abu Muslim Nameh's stories. The results show that there is no evidence of effect and affect between two stories. The real character of Abu Muslim has been distorted somehow in both works; Zeaydan has been more successful in considering the form and content both rather than Tarsusi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Implementation of Investigation of children's on the works of Nader Ebrahimi and Lina kilani
Omid Majd Mirot SalmanThis paper studies and compares the methods of story writing of Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani, the wellknown Syrian writer, in children literature. In the following, this paper explains the abstracts of two stories from Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani (when someone talk MoreThis paper studies and compares the methods of story writing of Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani, the wellknown Syrian writer, in children literature. In the following, this paper explains the abstracts of two stories from Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani (when someone talks, how will be their shape? – cloth of a doll called Selmi respectively) and criticize them based on the mentioned standards. It is noteworthy that this paper derived from a master's degree dissertation investigating all stories written by both writers, and the results of the paper adopted from all their works. Due to the scope of it, this paper only investigates one work of each writer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Societies in translation of “Adventures of Gil Blas” Novel
Masrooreh Mokhtari Mahsa Kazem Poor“Adventures of Gil Blas” novel by Alain-René Lesage in four volumes is written in French and Mirza Habib Isfahani has translated it into Persian. Although all translators are faithful to the original text, consciously or unconsciously, may make some c More“Adventures of Gil Blas” novel by Alain-René Lesage in four volumes is written in French and Mirza Habib Isfahani has translated it into Persian. Although all translators are faithful to the original text, consciously or unconsciously, may make some changes in it because of their own cultural identity which these changes could be derived from translator’s social and cultural era. The present research studies societies in the abovementioned work by applying librarian references and the selected method is analytical – descriptive. The findings show that the author and thus the translator of the work, reflect many social issues such as liberty, women’s social status, leaving children’s education to experts, proposing tradition and marriage, robbery, poverty and class differences, fatalism, mourning ceremony, local games and etc. in this work. The mentioned elements in the work show that literature is not solely scene for verbal beauties. Literature is the language of each society and represents the dominant mood of that time and reflects believes, thoughts and ideologies of the author. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Comparative Study of Imagination in the Myth of Gilgamesh and the Myth of Eskandar According to Jung's Theory
Somayeh Rasoulipour Atieh YouzbashiFrom the beginning of human, the human mind has always developed imaginations in the mind that do not exist externally and have been created only within a person or persons. Myths are not history, but they are no less than history in terms of cultural value and spiritua MoreFrom the beginning of human, the human mind has always developed imaginations in the mind that do not exist externally and have been created only within a person or persons. Myths are not history, but they are no less than history in terms of cultural value and spiritual resources. In modern times, scientists and philosophers have explored ancient myths, and other circles have been added to the chain. Myths were the best option for the emergence of imagination. The role of imagination in the emergence of imaginary images and symbols in mythology was examined by looking at the myth of Gilgamesh and the legend of Alexander in this study. The present study was conducted to determine the position of imagination from Jung's point of view in the myth of Gilgamesh and the myth of Eskandar. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical method was used and information on research necessity was collected using library and Internet methods. One of the most important findings and results is the attention to the theory of Carl Gustav Jung, who reached the key of mythology by giving importance to dreams and imaginations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A comparative study of characterization and story plot in Hamidi and Hariri's Maghamat
Hedye Khanafereh Mansoureh Tadayoni Massoud Pakdel Farzaneh RahmanianMaghame is one of the types of ancient stories that with artificial prose mixed with poetry, are about a hero who appears anonymously in anecdotes and creates events with the intention of begging, and as soon as his character is known, it disappears until appear again i MoreMaghame is one of the types of ancient stories that with artificial prose mixed with poetry, are about a hero who appears anonymously in anecdotes and creates events with the intention of begging, and as soon as his character is known, it disappears until appear again in another awe in the next Maghame. Hamidi's Maghamat is one of the most important books in Arabic and Persian. Hamidi, by choosing the format of the story and using the principles of storytelling, as well as selecting the events of these stories from the realities of life and choosing fictional characters from the people who live among them, along with their individual and social characteristics, brought the writing style close to realist writers. The effervescence of life through the events of Maghamat, together with the action of the real characters in its scenes and the influence of the spiritual, moral, social, material, scientific and literary atmosphere on the characters, realizes the truthfulness as the stories. In this research, it has been tried to investigate the most important story in Hamidi and Hariri's Maghamat by a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A study on Fiction Writing Modern Techniques in Holy Quran Stories
Mohammadreza fereydooni Seyyed Mehrdad MousavianQuran is a book full of blessings and guidance, May God blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has been sent down to meditate and think about all the revelations and wisdom from the facts that are mentioned. One of the most surprising and good practices in orde MoreQuran is a book full of blessings and guidance, May God blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has been sent down to meditate and think about all the revelations and wisdom from the facts that are mentioned. One of the most surprising and good practices in order to convey profound inner Quran is the enjoyment of the story. The most mot literature, the most enchanting art of writing fiction in a vast arena in terms of form and structure are manifesting. The note is that the techniques that are applied in today's modern fiction writings were not of importance in recent decades in the classical style of storytelling The present paper aims to express some of the techniques of modern fiction writing compared to the stories of the Holy Quran in order to clarify Quran's greatness versus fiction literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Indigenousism and popular literature in Golestan's works
marzieh kamallisarvestani seyed kazem mousavi Esmail Sadege seyed jamaloddin mortazaviThe process of returning to the origin known as domestication was developed in fictional literature in the first few decades of the present century. In its broadest sense, domestication could be regarded as a doctrine seeking for a comeback, a return or an attachment to MoreThe process of returning to the origin known as domestication was developed in fictional literature in the first few decades of the present century. In its broadest sense, domestication could be regarded as a doctrine seeking for a comeback, a return or an attachment to local cultural customs, beliefs and values. Ibrahim Golestan, who has so beautifully created everlasting masterpieces in the realm of domestic fiction, with his unique language, at the same time, has made fine timely use of local atmosphere in conveying the meaning to the reader. The local language, dialect and beliefs through the words of the fictional characters of this writer’s works not only help in the development of the plot but they also serve as the writer’s means of expression of and encounter against the social flaws and issues, wrong superstitious beliefs, and economical as well as cultural poverty. The local language and dialect along with the expression of local beliefs help the readers put themselves in the writer’s desired setting so that the characters would appear more lifelike to them. Golestan has made the best possible use of local elements and has achieved great success in the realm of domestic literature. The present study deals with the domestic literature as implemented in the works of Ibrahim Golestan. The aim is to express this writer’s ability in forming successful domestic stories relying on the local atmosphere, thoughts, customs, and dialects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Defamiliarization of story structures of six post-modern stories in Persian Cotemporary
Faezeh Ahmadi Fatemeh HeydariIn literary sense demfamilirization is the technique of presenting in an unfamiliar way that part of literary concept of the text which is familiar to the audience. This literary technique was initially appeared in the Russian Formalists. In the modern story writing, de MoreIn literary sense demfamilirization is the technique of presenting in an unfamiliar way that part of literary concept of the text which is familiar to the audience. This literary technique was initially appeared in the Russian Formalists. In the modern story writing, defamilirization is expressed through different presentation and usage of the story elements. Postmodern stories in Contemporary Persian stand in an aura of modern features due to the choice of defamilirization in the story elements such as vision, theme, the atmosphere, time, form, tone and different conclusion, forcing the reader to read this story several times in order to be able to understand the writer’s point of view.Based on descriptive and analytical method within library process, this research attempts to know defamilirization of story structures in postmodern stories on one hand and on the other to make a critical review of six stories by” Bijan Najdi”, “ Hadi Khorshahian”, “ Mehdi Yazdani Khorram”,Leila Sadeqi” and examines the constituent elements in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Layered Stylistics of the Novel of Hasti (Existence) by Farhad Hassanzadeh
somayeh avarand seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni seyedJafar Hamidi Mohamad Reza ShahbaziUsing new branches of stylistics and retrieval of appropriate tools for analyzing Persian texts can open a new window to them. the present descriptive and content analysis study attempted to examine the novel of Hasti (Existence) by Farhad Hassanzadeh, which has receive MoreUsing new branches of stylistics and retrieval of appropriate tools for analyzing Persian texts can open a new window to them. the present descriptive and content analysis study attempted to examine the novel of Hasti (Existence) by Farhad Hassanzadeh, which has received a lot of attention in terms of critical stylistics, in the context of narrative and textual macro-layers with the analysis of focalization, the degree of continuity of focalization (variable and multiple focalization) and focalization facets (the perceptual facet of time in order, duration, frequency, location, and the ideological facet), as well as the phonetic, lexical, syntactic, pragmatic and rhetorical sub-layers in relation to its outer layer (situational context). The findings suggested that there are some stylistic variables in the text that has led to the discovery of an ideology and the explanation of current social issues such as war, poverty, etc. On the other hand, the type of employing the sentences with respect to audience analysis has encouraged the adolescent audience to welcome the novel and has led to its national and international success. The present study introduced the critical stylistics of the adolescents’ novel as an applied practice in the field of stylistics studies in children’s literature, and provided a deeper understanding of the adolescents’ novel by analyzing the text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Characterization in the Story of Foroud
Mahsa Komaraj Meysam Mohajer -
Open Access Article
14 - Elements of fiction in Afshin and Bodelaf
Rezvan Karimi Touraj AghdaeeIn Iranian literature, Abol-Fazl Bayhaqi’s Tarikh-e Bayhaqi is a unique masterpiece which has a narrative structure. Bayhaqi opens a window to the historical events, and uses such elements of fiction as characterization, dialogue, point of view, plot details and d MoreIn Iranian literature, Abol-Fazl Bayhaqi’s Tarikh-e Bayhaqi is a unique masterpiece which has a narrative structure. Bayhaqi opens a window to the historical events, and uses such elements of fiction as characterization, dialogue, point of view, plot details and description to make the readers involved and familiar with the setting and atmosphere. He, by so doing, establishes a close relation with his readers. This article is to study Bayhaqi’s art of story-telling through investigating the elements of fiction in the story of “Afshin and Bodelaf” in order to find out whether he had been to narrate stories or applying those elements of fiction in his work had been unintentional. To achieve the answer for that question, all the elements in “Afshin and Bodelaf” are compared to the theories of fiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Body transformation Mythical Figures in Azari folkloric myths
Hamideh Hormati Elham AzarBarzinOne of the ways of recognizing beliefs of any nation is examine the mythical symbols and institutes of those nations which have originated from their minds and inners and have been remained in their history, art and literature. Of the most important ways to survive anci MoreOne of the ways of recognizing beliefs of any nation is examine the mythical symbols and institutes of those nations which have originated from their minds and inners and have been remained in their history, art and literature. Of the most important ways to survive ancient myths it could mention to their transformation as folkloric stories that by their cultural functions help lives of mythical figures as a vivid and dynamic body. That is the words of myth and fiction in Iran and the words are mixed together. The story is a weaken form of stronger concept, i.e. myth. When myth in part of its history, by losing part of its holiness as stories that in each period become the place for reflection of several thoughts, new words, customs and rituals and transform itself. Reading these stories introduce us with the mythical bed of these fictions deeply. Azeri myths from the aspect of having samples to body transformation figures have rich wealth, as the present research indicates in Azeri myths several kinds of body transformation, human to animal body transformation and human to human and human to plants and reversely and demon and fairy transmutation and other strange organisms and myths are observable well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparative Study of the Elements of Fiction in Short Stories Written by Mostafa Lotfi Manfalouti and Jalal Ale-Ahmad
Qasem Mokhtari -
Open Access Article
17 - Realism in Jalal Al-e Ahmad’s Fiction
Reza Sadeghi Shahpar Safoura Shafa’i -
Open Access Article
18 - Technical Usage of Poem in Fiction; A Case Study of 'Risāla al-ghofrān'
Mahin Hajizadeh Mohammad Taher Motahar Kaveh KhezriArabs had fictions from the antiquity that naturally emerged from daily events. While poems were a part of this reality, we can find clearly the old forms of news intertwined with poetry, so existence of the poems in Arab stories, added to their beauty. The interaction MoreArabs had fictions from the antiquity that naturally emerged from daily events. While poems were a part of this reality, we can find clearly the old forms of news intertwined with poetry, so existence of the poems in Arab stories, added to their beauty. The interaction between poetry and fiction led to additional results manifested in the pleasure of listening to the story and preserving the story's spirit. Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī, Among medieval Arab prose writers, showed his interest in this overlap between fiction and poetry in his Resalat al-Ghufrān (The Epistle of Forgiveness). In Resalat al-Ghufrān the message and the event most often completed through the interaction between fiction and poetry. Therefore, this paper, with a descriptive and analytical approach, seeks to clarify the most important goals of Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī in the use of poetry in Resalat al-Ghufrān by examining the interaction between the story and the poetry. The results show that al-Maʿarrī's application of poetry in the structure of stories had artistic motivations, and so the explicit appearance of his poetry in the structure of the stories serves its role in completing the events. This kind of explicitness of poetry is sometimes abundant and sometimes low or moderate. His poetry is sometimes devoid of the context and meaning of the story, so that its removal does not harm the meaning, but this kind of removable poems with no effect on the meaning are rare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A study of evil figures of religious tradition in the poetry of Shathel Taqa in the light of expressive techniques
Ahmadreza Heidaryanshahri Maryam Bakhshandeh Naeime ParandavajiAs a pioneer in Iraq’s modern poetry, Shathel Taqa’s poetry instantiates variegated legacies, wherefrom the religious one has received more attention than the others in his oeuvre. He highlights evil figures in religious discourse such as Cane, Judas Iscario MoreAs a pioneer in Iraq’s modern poetry, Shathel Taqa’s poetry instantiates variegated legacies, wherefrom the religious one has received more attention than the others in his oeuvre. He highlights evil figures in religious discourse such as Cane, Judas Iscariot and Al-Masih ad-Dajjal as the source of oppression and bloodshed. Through employing this discourse, the poet expresses human crimes and stages a revolt against any oppressor on the earth who has unlawfully brought nations under their dominance. A great poet with a high poetic talent, he has not, however, received the critical attention he deserved, causing him and his work to be disregarded. The study therefore attempts to bring to the fore Taqa and his work through analysing evil figures in the religious discourse as depicted in his poetry and the techniques he employed. The results indicate that the tumultuous socio-political condition of Iraq and Arab world impacted greatly on the poet’s emotions, ignited his sentiments and made him draw on religious figures including evil ones. In employing these figures in his poetry, he tried to maintain the consistency between form and meaning and the coordination between expressive techniques and poetic themes. He used a variety of techniques, including religious discourse, fictional mode and symbolism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Symbolism and Allegory in "the Little Black Fish"Based on Findings of Romantic Movement
Tooraj Zeinivand Jahangeer Amiri Mohammad FareqishadThe Story entitled "Little Black Fish" written by Samad Behrangi is a parable which expresses our surrounding life realities. Main core and texture of the story is based on mysteries by which plot of the story has been enriched. The storyteller has composed his story ac MoreThe Story entitled "Little Black Fish" written by Samad Behrangi is a parable which expresses our surrounding life realities. Main core and texture of the story is based on mysteries by which plot of the story has been enriched. The storyteller has composed his story according to romantic movement and basics of this school including invitation to life realities with serious intentions, praising human values and freedom which have been reflected well in it. It is worth mentioning that romantic aspect of the story has never detached it from humans' life realities and has not caused its fall into hallucination and idealism. Hence this story is around real events of life and it aims to encourage humans to optimize life quality. Present study investigates structure and content of most famous story written by contemporary well known Iranian storyteller Samad Behrangi in descriptive-analytical method and themes combined with allegory and parable in the light of romantic movement. Besides, characters and events of the story have been analyzed with mystery and parable approaches. Among most important findings of the study is that romantic aspect of Behrangi's story has origin in realities that he has touched them deeply and mysterious elements of the story represents conditions of the writer's time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Magical Realism in Maden Al Malah's Abdurrahman Monif
reza nazemian yosra shadmanThe simplest definition that can be applied to magic realism is the accumulation of reality with magic, wander, hallucination and beyond. What it implies is that magical events happen in reality in a way that makes them look like being a part of reality.Lots of writers MoreThe simplest definition that can be applied to magic realism is the accumulation of reality with magic, wander, hallucination and beyond. What it implies is that magical events happen in reality in a way that makes them look like being a part of reality.Lots of writers in Arabic countries found that area really appealing. Abdul Rahman Monif in novel like “maden Al Malah” has chosen the style of magic realism.Considering magic realism, thought, magic, illusion, hallucination, symbol, sign, Sufis and Sufism, paradoxes, critical trends, writer‘s silence and his partiality towards magical occurrences are among its element that Has been studied in this article by Analytical descriptive method.This novel has been benefited from sociological influence, political issues, cultural backgrounds and critical views. Additionally Abdul Rahman Monif was impartial toward all unrealistic events around his and he does not any judgments. And In the magical realism fiction style, the author does not react to unrealistic and imaginary incidents and he does not even provide any explanations. So the reader believes in and accepts all unrealistic incidents. Also the author has succeeded with combination of magic with reality to express what goes on inside about Political and social and economic theorems with a cash approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Studying the Fictional Characteristics in Risalatal-Ghufran
Houman Nazemyan Risalat al-ghufran is one of the oldest samples of the Arabic fictional heritage which injured its Arab critics for a very long time and was forgotten until the beginning of the twenty century. Because they had accused Abulala Al-moarri of atheism and More Risalat al-ghufran is one of the oldest samples of the Arabic fictional heritage which injured its Arab critics for a very long time and was forgotten until the beginning of the twenty century. Because they had accused Abulala Al-moarri of atheism and disparaging the Islamic beliefs so that led to ignorance of Risalat al-ghufran for near nine centuries. The Arab scholars paid attention to it since the European critics paid attention to it and compared it with Divine comedy by Dante .The purpose of this article is studying the fictional characteristics of the Risalat al-ghufran in spite the fact that this work is not a story like modern stories , but we want to show that it has fictional aspects . Therefore we have studied it via fictional and ideological structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analysis of social allegories in the short story "Life Water" (Ab Zendegi) and "The case of the Antichrist Donkey" (Qazieh Khar Dajal) by Sadegh Hedayat
leila khayatan farzaneh Yosef- ghanbary nasim khajeh zadeh masood kheradmand pour. The study of reflection of literary elites thoughts has an effective way of evolving people public opinions by expression's art. The analysis of short stories based on the figure of speech used in them, in addition to receiving the delicacies of the role of the langua More. The study of reflection of literary elites thoughts has an effective way of evolving people public opinions by expression's art. The analysis of short stories based on the figure of speech used in them, in addition to receiving the delicacies of the role of the language element, appears as a dynamic phenomenon in the political and social conditions of its time. An article with the subject and title of social allegory analysis has not been found in stories and articles, but with the general title of fictional allegory; two scientific documents have been written in articles and dissertations. To write the article has been used sources such as books, literary sites and related articles. The research method in this article is based on descriptive-analytical method. First, there is a summary of the selected short stories, and then some of the allegories used are analyzed by content. Wherever the audience of popular literary works is people, more tangible and smooth type of literature such as allegory is usually used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis of critical allegories in the story of "Ganeh Ganehai Zard" with political issues and social effects in order to enlighten the audience
Maryam Alizadeh Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvane AdelzadeCritical fiction is one of the most obvious fields in which social issues and problems are well represented. In some social periods, writers could not easily express their opinions due to the political suffocation of the society, they used indirect methods of expression MoreCritical fiction is one of the most obvious fields in which social issues and problems are well represented. In some social periods, writers could not easily express their opinions due to the political suffocation of the society, they used indirect methods of expression such as critical allegories to express their opinions, thoughts and criticisms. Since the examination of critical parables is necessary to show thoughts and criticisms of the political, social and historical situation of the society in order to enlighten the audience, the purpose of the research is to examine the actions and critical allegorical behaviors in the story of "Ganeh Ganehai Zard" with a political approach and social influences in order to enlighten the audience. In this article, we intend to mention some examples based on political, historical and social allegory from the text of the story and examine the social harm caused by it and answer the question that; What is the effect of critical allegorical actions and behaviors with a political, social and historical approach in the story of "Ganeh Ganehai Zard" in the direction of enlightening the audience? The data collection method of this research was done in a library manner and has a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the research show that the author has portrayed the political and social effects of dictatorial, dictatorial and colonial actions and behaviors and the resulting social harms to enlighten the audience with critical parables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Anaiysis of allegory in Persian short story Reiying on the story of "My batton eyes" by Bijan
fereshteh naseriModern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalis MoreModern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalism. Hence, modern short stories tended towards poetry and lyric writing. One of the most important features of this type of storytelling is turning to allegory. Allegory has a strong connection with narrative and the first mythical narratives have been called narrative allegory. The allegory shows that the lyrical short story is related to something outside the world of senses and sensory phenomena. The story of "My Button Eyes" is one of Bijan Najdi's lasting stories. This beautiful and influential story, in the language of a puppet, describes the story of the Iraqi invasion of Khorramshahr. This research examines the allegory in the short story "My Button Eyes" in an analytical way and acquaints the reader with the allegory and the allegorical short story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigation of the Status of critical thinking in storical Literature of reading textbooks in elementary period
halime mesri edris islami kamal afaniThe aim of this research is investigation of critical thinking position in fiction literature of reading textbooks in Elementary course. To achieve this goal, content analysis method has been used. The results show in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the first MoreThe aim of this research is investigation of critical thinking position in fiction literature of reading textbooks in Elementary course. To achieve this goal, content analysis method has been used. The results show in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the first elementary grade no reference has been made to the components of critical thinking, in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the second elementary grade, the most frequent components of the art of thinking about their thinking and the correct judgment (based on the criterion), in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the third elementary grade, the most frequent components of curiosity of thought and correct judgment (based on criterion), in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the fourth elementary grade, the most frequent component of curiosity of thought, in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the fifth elementary grade, the most frequent components of defining and clarifying the problem and in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the sixth elementary grade, the most frequent components of reasoning and correct judgment (based on criterion) have been belonged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A Reflection on the Paraphrase Of Yusufs Quranic Tale in Mystical Text, (based on the most important poems Of 6th to 9th centuries)
Leila Modiri Mohammad Ebrahim MalmirThe story of prophet is one of the important mystical themes for the expression of concepts and elevated thinking about human being. Meanwhile, the story of Yusuf has got a specific property. Out of the life of prophets, the story of Yusuf has mystical aspects accounted MoreThe story of prophet is one of the important mystical themes for the expression of concepts and elevated thinking about human being. Meanwhile, the story of Yusuf has got a specific property. Out of the life of prophets, the story of Yusuf has mystical aspects accounted symbolically or paraphrastically because of adventures that happened in his life. For mystics, the story stands as a spiritual journey of soul. This paper tries to analyze and criticize the spiritual journey of soul from the time he fell in the bottom of physical and worldly well to the time he reached to the top heaven in the form of Yusuf's story by the use of sixth to ninth century mystical poets' reflection and point of view, through the most important reflections by the characters and the events told in the tale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Parable (Fiction) Universe in Mohyeddin Ibn Arabis Mystical School
Ali i Dinmohammad Farzaneh Hosseini GheydariAs the ancestor of theoretical mysticism, Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi tried his hand on designing the fiction universe after Sohrevardi, during which the mystical principles made an impact upon his sublimed school of mind greatly, so that the theory of philosophy of fiction and MoreAs the ancestor of theoretical mysticism, Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi tried his hand on designing the fiction universe after Sohrevardi, during which the mystical principles made an impact upon his sublimed school of mind greatly, so that the theory of philosophy of fiction and the intermediation and abstraction of the world of fiction is of great significance in making up his sublimed school of mind. He believes in the Almighty's own existence as the mere truth and the whole world of phenomena are the formation of both arcs of ascent and descent and the scope of fiction and the absolute divine parable. Ibn Arabi believes that since fiction is a aggregate of antithetical, that is wisdom and materialistic sensations, it is a manifest of a "strong" name of God. He deems the limbo of this world and the next one to be like a distinct line between the sunlight and the shadow. In this paper, the writer has endeavored to draw on the philosophers' and Islamic mystics' ideas, specifically those of Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi, to primarily give a comprehensive definition of the fiction or parable universe and its nature, and then designate the status of this world in mysticism to be as one of the worlds of existence and the reciprocal impact and affect of that against the mystical journey which ends up to apocalypse and intuition. Thirdly, the meaning of some important trainings including separate fiction, limbo, the eighth heaven, resurrection land, etc. are sought and is concluded that 'apocalypse and intuition , meeting prophets and angels and saints, the presence of impeccable soul of imams upon one's death, revelation, and inspiration and ascent of the prophet Mohammad all happen in the detached world of fiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Aesthetics of metafiction in Reza Amirkhani's postmodern novels
Azardokht Khatibi Rahim Taher reza fahimiAs one of the most common types of postmodern stories, metafiction is a way in which the narrator mentions the process of being a story and story writing during the story. Reza Amirkhani, a prominent contemporary Iranian novelist, has a postmodernist approach in some of MoreAs one of the most common types of postmodern stories, metafiction is a way in which the narrator mentions the process of being a story and story writing during the story. Reza Amirkhani, a prominent contemporary Iranian novelist, has a postmodernist approach in some of his novels and tries to direct his writings to the beyond through different methods. The authors of this research have investigated the aesthetics of metafiction in Amirkhani's novels by relying on the descriptive-analytical method, and in addition to definitions of metafiction and aesthetics based on the opinions of experts, they have examined the methods used by Amirkhani for the beauty of metafiction. This research shows that Amirkhani's use of language tricks such as marked names, repetition, separate writing of words, colloquial and colloquial language, multilingualism and language and verbal games, and literary tricks such as metaphor, simile, irony, adaptation and contrast in his novels cause The beauty has become a myth and it has been successfully created by the creation of the myth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The aesthetics of popular fiction in Iran
mohsen izadyar niloofar mohamadiPulp Fiction is a form of literature that audience, the mass of the people, based on their tastes and interests arises. The aesthetics of popular fiction, a concept which has been less studied by researchers because component called Pulp Fiction, general aspects of each MorePulp Fiction is a form of literature that audience, the mass of the people, based on their tastes and interests arises. The aesthetics of popular fiction, a concept which has been less studied by researchers because component called Pulp Fiction, general aspects of each story so that when faced with public acceptance; the mind, the subconscious to the point the elite-friendly thinks it's fiction. Authors efforts have been that way descriptive and library method, also known concepts of aesthetics Pulp Fiction to pay this kind of literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Violence against Women in Fictional Works Of Contemporary Woman Writer, Fariba Vafi
Leila Asheghi Ghaleh Nasser Alizadeh khayyat Arash MoshfeghiThe purpose of this study was to review violence against women in fictional works of Fariba Vafi. In this study, violence against women and injuries that affect women was studied by a descriptive-analytic way. Fariba Vafi is a realist writer whose most important concern MoreThe purpose of this study was to review violence against women in fictional works of Fariba Vafi. In this study, violence against women and injuries that affect women was studied by a descriptive-analytic way. Fariba Vafi is a realist writer whose most important concern is women's problems and considered the story as a context for expressing the suffering of women in society. In her stories, from the view point of female characters, she pointed to the details of women life and the types of violence they experienced. According to the review of the author's works, it was showed that women and girls have experienced violence in most of Vafi's stories. The results revealed that women in her stories have a rigid and stagnant personality, and often become victims of patriarchy and the demands of masculine society and were passive in the face of violence. Some of these women become isolated and silent, suffered mental and psychological crises and others suffered social harms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Woman Portrait in Contemporary Iranian Literature
محمود Jafari Dahaghi نعیمه MotevasaliIn fictional literature, Sedegh Hedayat was one of the multidimensional characters. In his work,he has been considered as an anti-feminine person, because of his attitude toward women- as areflective element of fertility. But by a little contemplation on his work, and t MoreIn fictional literature, Sedegh Hedayat was one of the multidimensional characters. In his work,he has been considered as an anti-feminine person, because of his attitude toward women- as areflective element of fertility. But by a little contemplation on his work, and the social, educationaland psychological aspects of his character, one might find out that he was not an anti-feminineperson. In the present study, the unknown aspects of women in Hedayat`s works was studied,and concluded that not only was not he an anti-feminine person but also he looked at women by aparticular kindness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Modern Advances in Click Reactions and applications
Shedrach Yakubu Emmanuel Etim -
Open Access Article
34 - The study of situational Irony In Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas
razie fani aski firooz fazeli mahmood ranjbarIrony of situation is result from phantasms, imaginations and concepts that it will be made of elements are service the situation. This sort of irony has an especial place in Fiction and dramas. Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas have an especial position in fiction. MoreIrony of situation is result from phantasms, imaginations and concepts that it will be made of elements are service the situation. This sort of irony has an especial place in Fiction and dramas. Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas have an especial position in fiction. Because of critical language and authority of Theme’s writer in demonstration of specific problems. Personification, scene, plot and actions in this works have potential power for Irony of situation and Grotesque showing. Therefore we endeavor to indicate all kinds of ironical situation and Grotesque in this research, methods of creating them and Theme’s social reflections. With deliberation in this works we see that Characterization and Comic actions are the dominant factor of creation of situational irony. This case is more dominant in drama. Plot. And network of communication between Characters have important roles in ironical behavior action, situation, scene and dialogue. But character’s situation is the pivotal point and other formation. Moreover satirize Management system. The Most important subjects that are writer’s purpose are: cultural and Jeopardy of Society, Modernism, lack of justice and exist of corruption in diverse class in society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Feminism in the collection of "The Tent of Night" by Mohammad Sadeq Chubak
najmah hashemi Ali Reza Shabanloo Abdul Hussein FarzadFeminism as a social movement, on the one hand, is rooted in the new Western perspective on man and man's definition, on the other hand, invasion of the honor, dignity and rights of women after the Renaissance, especially in the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries. Iran' MoreFeminism as a social movement, on the one hand, is rooted in the new Western perspective on man and man's definition, on the other hand, invasion of the honor, dignity and rights of women after the Renaissance, especially in the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries. Iran's relationship with the Western world and their familiarity with the different cultural and social status of women in Europe and the United States, and the creation of intellectual views on women, provided the most important areas for the formation of the feminism in Iran. The authors of the course in search for uncover the fact that the situation of women in society was something different from that of the European women, and the image of the life and position of European and Western women was more like a dream than reality. Mohammad SadeghChubak, as the writer of that time, instead of paying attention to the world of extreme or slow-moving idealist feminists, spoke to the realities of society and depicted the real status of women. Women of his stories are women of an intellectually educated, or they are not sensitive posts and positions, but are real and belo women to the middle and lower middle class of society, who often have to live in a lord's house to provide their own living needs, or in a dressing room Stuffs and Dead saltines houses and brothels make up for a small amount of income every tricks. Manuscript profile -
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36 - Comparing Characterization of women in stories of Chubak with stories of Daneshvar
mahmoud sadeghzadeh Maryam shamsSadegh Chubak(1377-1295) and Simin Daneshvar(1300) are among the most technical novelists with special style in south school, who each have addressed personalities ,characteristics and problems of women with Specific expression. in this quaere, while short introduction MoreSadegh Chubak(1377-1295) and Simin Daneshvar(1300) are among the most technical novelists with special style in south school, who each have addressed personalities ,characteristics and problems of women with Specific expression. in this quaere, while short introduction Daneshvar and Chubak's life and refer to kinds of story’s characters , through the reading and analysis of their fiction, has been tried to Review, compare and evaluation similarity aspects and difference methods of characterization, positive and negative attributes of women and their main components. quantitative results has been presented as charts and graphs too. Daneshvar has allocated more than 65 percent of her stories to the female’s character, And chubak has allocated 17 percent.has. Daneshvar has acted more realistic and natural in reconstruction and retrieve female character, while chubak (terms of Naturalistic perspective) has shown most detestable woman's face with reckless expression. Passive women in tight Hesar of inheritance, who are in Environmental determinism and instinct. Key words: Fiction, Sadegh Chubak, Simin Daneshvar, Characterization of women, Realism ,Naturalism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Native elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri
Nayereh shateri Mahboubeh Khorasani morteza rashidiNative elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri abstract: Writers from the city of Isfahan have common features in their works. These common features are not limited to the climatic context, but include a set of identity MoreNative elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri abstract: Writers from the city of Isfahan have common features in their works. These common features are not limited to the climatic context, but include a set of identity elements that represent commonalities in terms of language, thought, geography, economics, ethics, customs, and beliefs. This article has explored the structure of fictional works by two prominent representatives of the Isfahan school of thought, Bahram Sadeqi and Houshang Golshiri, and derived their unifying and linguistic common features. The result is that these structures are in some cases such as humorous and spurred imagery, different technique and form in the word, specific characterizations, horrific and indeterminate spaces, initiations and sudden events, spin on the angle of view and reversal in narration, conversations and low descriptions, attention The mythology and ancient history and texts, rare subjects and modern names, and simple prose and poetry, are analyzed. Keywords: Native Elements, Isfahan School, Bahram Sadeghi, Houshang Golshiri, Fiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Review the Anthropology Concepts of Language in Story of “Roxana”
Elham Esmailzadeh Kamran Pashaie fakhri Parvaneh AdelzadehThe language is a regular system which has different functions in the society and enables the human to justify his/her interests, beliefs and perceptions with symbols. The language are applied by people who are of the members of society with it’s specific culture MoreThe language is a regular system which has different functions in the society and enables the human to justify his/her interests, beliefs and perceptions with symbols. The language are applied by people who are of the members of society with it’s specific culture and tend to be different in ways of language application from each other. The total problems related to relation of language with society and culture are reviewed in a new and major branch, i.e “anthropology of language” which originated from descriptive and historical anthropology and linquistics. In the present research, it was tried to review the categories which set in anthropology field which was utilized by Moadeepoor in writhing of Roxana story are reviewed. The present research indicates that, in writhing of this story, the taboo words and relational terminology has been utilized unequally because of colloquial tune of writer in dialogue and not used social accents which, diagram also confirms this matters. The taboo words in this story has been used in two situations of nervous and aggression and humorous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigating the Components of Women's Personality in the Works of Mostafa Mastour
mahmoud sadeghzadeh Elahe MohseniIn this research it is attempted to evaluate modern women identities in Mostafa Mostoor effects. With important women identity introduction in Mostoor stories and fiction, the view points of this writer is described about women. Therefore to better understand identities MoreIn this research it is attempted to evaluate modern women identities in Mostafa Mostoor effects. With important women identity introduction in Mostoor stories and fiction, the view points of this writer is described about women. Therefore to better understand identities, identity is defined in first chapters and various types of identities are in traduced. During basic chapters, women introduction is provided based on publication year and categorization is done according to coordinates in Mastoor work. Based on chapter statistical findings, woman identity growth in fiction literature and active presence in modern choices are the most important writing result of Mastoor. He created various small and great identities that have simple life without margins but performing analysis, we can point to their complex identities and natures. Al though Mastoor is Muslim and originated from eastern culture in environment with long term wars but he described women and their coordinates as he faces to an world women. Studding first story of his fictions, we can achieve to this result. Comparing to the society that men are dominant, he described women without a thention to enforced ideas by family and med and used letters, thought and reactions for them. The infra feminist view point if Mastoor about women is defined by simple prose and poets in special writing literature of Mastoor that is new narrative of women presence in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Reflecting on the Crisis of Today's Female Identity in the "I am probably lost" Novel (From the perspective of social semiotics)
Sepideh Seyed Faraji Farhad Tahmasebi roghoye sadraeeSome women Iranian contemporary writers at some stage of their writing deal with the nature and identity of women. The narrator of the novel, probably lost, also seeks self-awareness and the discovery of individual identity, and in this way, he suffers from an identity MoreSome women Iranian contemporary writers at some stage of their writing deal with the nature and identity of women. The narrator of the novel, probably lost, also seeks self-awareness and the discovery of individual identity, and in this way, he suffers from an identity crisis and tries to overcome this crisis. Semiotics is one of the interdisciplinary research methods that analyzes the signs and is used in reading literary texts to understand the meanings hidden in them. In this article, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the social codes in the novel "Probably Lost" by Sara Salar, using the approach of social signs. An examination of the novel Lost in Social Semiotics suggests that the author has succeeded in representing and inducing his intended concept of identity crisis. Sarah Salar portrays the presence of social cues in identity codes such as place, clothing, food, and name; It emphasizes this concept especially through the association of past places as well as the anonymity of the main character. Signs of social etiquette are also abundant in this novel. The author has used various methods of non-verbal communication (such as tone and tone) as a platform to reflect the concept of identity loss; In this way, the offensive and unemotional tone of speech in the narrator's mental dialogues also serves to instill the concept of identity crisis. Manuscript profile -
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41 - A comparative study of climatic features in the stories of Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan
Salma Saedi Masoud Motamedi Shahrooz JamaliComparative literature is a branch of literary criticism that examines the content and structure between works, elements, literary genres, styles, periods, and literary characters in a language or different languages. In this regard, comparative literature in each perio MoreComparative literature is a branch of literary criticism that examines the content and structure between works, elements, literary genres, styles, periods, and literary characters in a language or different languages. In this regard, comparative literature in each period, in addition to structural approaches, is a mirror that reflects various social, cultural and political manifestations. Meanwhile, Persian literature and Kurdish literature in the field of comparative literature have always witnessed similarities. In the field of fiction, in Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan, writers such as Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan are both prominent writers and novelists with a style and influence in contemporary literature and have left lasting works in this field. Considering that Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan have addressed the issues and problems of their homeland and climate with similar views, the two works "Sang Sabur" and "Tangsir" by Sadegh Chubak, with two works "Woman on the Minaret" and " "Nature darre" by Shirzad Hassan, which are the most famous works of each of the two authors, have been selected for review and comparison. In the present study, based on the descriptive-analytical method, the characteristics of climatic literature such as geographical, cultural and social issues in the four novels are examined. The results indicate that the characteristics of culture and geography have a higher frequency in selected works. Manuscript profile -
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42 - A study of the motifs in Shiva Arastuei's novel "khof"
Aram Ahmadi Reza Forsati jooybari Hossein Parsaei In fiction, the motif can be a stylistic element and reveal the dominant theme or themes to the reader. Women writers make the most of this linguistic option and, in addition to creating constant sensitivity in the reader, direct the text to a specific arti More In fiction, the motif can be a stylistic element and reveal the dominant theme or themes to the reader. Women writers make the most of this linguistic option and, in addition to creating constant sensitivity in the reader, direct the text to a specific artistic language. Shiva Arastuei's novel "khof" (=Fear) is one of these examples that deals with the "loneliness" and "fear" of man in modern age and expresses a feminine narrative of this loneliness and fear. In this article, we intend to examine the most important motifs in the novel "khof" and show what concepts the author has expressed in this way. These motifs are also characteristic of a feminine style in that they express the sensibilities of a female writer. The method of this research is "descriptive-analytical"; That is, first, data from the novel "khof" is described, and then, based on them, an analysis is performed and leads to a summary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Magical Realism in Kurdish Chirok
Mousa Parnian Ata Almasi Mohammad Zahed Seyedy tabarKurdish Stories and Fictions are the reflections of a life of hardships and The ideals of people who have suffered a lot to survive their lives. The style of Kurdish Chirok (Fiction) is much like The narrative style found in magical realism since The imagination existi MoreKurdish Stories and Fictions are the reflections of a life of hardships and The ideals of people who have suffered a lot to survive their lives. The style of Kurdish Chirok (Fiction) is much like The narrative style found in magical realism since The imagination existing in The Fiction which is The common Feature between fiction and magical realism results in the break of causation chain in The narration of The Stories. This feature gives two common styles features such as removing The border between reality and imagination which in turn results in strange events, recognition of social and historical realities in fictions and magical realism. In that condition what is called"magic" in magic realism is located in the unlimited scope of reality representing a concrete concept. So, fiction could be a good place for strange event that have been linked to extra- reality this feature relaty fiction to new style of magical realism. The purpose of This study is to investigate the similarties and differences between Kurdish chiroks(fictions) and the new style of magical realism. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Explaining the functions of P4C stories for children's creativity
Ali Hassanzadeh Yahya Ghaedi Saeed Beheshti Ahmad SalahshoorAbstractPurpose: This article examines the characteristics of philosophy stories for children, in order to determine the possibility of using the features of these stories in children's creativity. In the first part of the article, the characteristics of Fabak stories a MoreAbstractPurpose: This article examines the characteristics of philosophy stories for children, in order to determine the possibility of using the features of these stories in children's creativity. In the first part of the article, the characteristics of Fabak stories are explained. In the second part, the functions of philosophy stories for children are shown on children's creativity.Method: This research was qualitative content analysis in terms of qualitative approach and method of analysis. Data were collected from scientific documents and texts, including books and articles, using the keywords of creativity, fiction, philosophy curriculum for children, the functions of fictional stories, fictional elements in children's creativity. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles and 21 book covers were included in the study.The findings showed that the features of the stories of the Fabak program, despite the basis of questioning and philosophical concepts, the topics of reasoning and thinking, as well as the philosophical topics related to the ways of children's lives in the dimension of daily life and in the dimension of community intersubjectivity, the reconstruction of the research community and some processes such as literary components And educational and activity-oriented patterns such as the pattern of writing, discussing and practicing in the story have an effect on the development of children's creativity.Conclusion: The improvement of children's creativity and questioning spirit is based on the use of elements and functions of the features of Fabak stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigating the Characteristics of the Literary Style of Bital Ajam from the Point of View of Expression Science
Roghayyeh Ajami Malihe Mahdavi Masoud MahdianManuscripts are valuable works that explain an important part of a country's life in terms of history, identity, religion and culture. One of the important and historical manuscripts is Bital Ajam, which is one of the fictional texts of ancient India translated into Per MoreManuscripts are valuable works that explain an important part of a country's life in terms of history, identity, religion and culture. One of the important and historical manuscripts is Bital Ajam, which is one of the fictional texts of ancient India translated into Persian in India in the 13th century by Maharaja Madhu Kishan and his brother Indra Kishan Bahador. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of its literary style from the perspective of the science of expression. This research, first with the library method, then extraction, classification and statistical analysis of the arrays (simile, metaphor, allusion and irony) and finally by using the comparative method to frequency measurement of the structural methods of these arrays, has achieved their stylistic characteristics in this work. The impressive use of irony, many simile additions, the simile structure of the type of descriptive composition, sensory to sensory and intellectual to sensory similes, simple metaphors that are close to the mind, mechanistic metaphors of the type of descriptive composition, and the abundance allowed for detail and local interest are important literary features. This work is from the perspective of the science of expression. The findings showed that Bital Ajam is not just a purely fictional work in simple language, but the abundant use of literary arrays, especially, the high frequency of irony, simile, metaphor, anManuscripts are valuable works that explain an important part of a country's life in terms of history, identity, religion and culture. One of the important and historical manuscripts is Bital Ajam, which is one of the fictional texts of ancient India translated into Persian in India in the 13th century by Maharaja Madhu Kishan and his brother Indra Kishan Bahador. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of its literary style from the perspective of the science of expression. This research, first with the library method, then extraction, classification and statistical analysis of the arrays (simile, metaphor, allusion and irony) and finally by using the comparative method to frequency measurement of the structural methods of these arrays, has achieved their stylistic characteristics in this work. The impressive use of irony, many simile additions, the simile structure of the type of descriptive composition, sensory to sensory and intellectual to sensory similes, simple metaphors that are close to the mind, mechanistic metaphors of the type of descriptive composition, and the abundance allowed for detail and local interest are important literary features. This work is from the perspective of the science of expression. The findings showed that Bital Ajam is not just a purely fictional work in simple language, but the abundant use of literary arrays, especially, the high frequency of irony, simile, metaphor, and metaphor arrays, has turned it into a valuable literary work, and the main part is prose.d metaphor arrays, has turned it into a valuable literary work, and the main part is prose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - A look at the allegory and symbol in the two stories "Entry whose lot was dead" by Sadegh Chubak and "My father's fence and dogs" by Shirzad Hassan
Salma Saedi Masuod Motamedi Shahrooz Jamali Fiction is one of the most prominent areas in which social issues and problems are well represented. Narratives highlight the characteristics of each society in the context and action of their characters and, in addition to describing and depicting it in a c More Fiction is one of the most prominent areas in which social issues and problems are well represented. Narratives highlight the characteristics of each society in the context and action of their characters and, in addition to describing and depicting it in a complex way and criticizing it in literary forms and expressions. In some social periods, writers can not easily express their ideas due to the tyranny and oppression of society and fear of government punishment, so they resort to symbolic formats and allegory of one of these forms. are popular. In the field of fiction, in Iran and Iraq, writers such as Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan are both among the leading writers of style and influence in contemporary literature, and in this regard, have left lasting works. Considering that Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan have discussed the issues and problems of their society with similar views, the story of "Entry whose lot was dead" by Sadegh Chubak, with the story of "My father's fence and dogs" by Shirzad Hassan have been selected for review and comparison. In the present study, it is tried to understand the meaning of the second layer of the mentioned allegorical stories based on the descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study indicate that the attention of both authors is focused on the general public and the lower masses of society, and each in the guise of an allegorical story, social relations and the fate of human beings in Iranian and Iraqi society during dictatorships. Reza Shah and Saddam Hussein have narrated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Comparative Socialist Realism in German and Russian Fiction
Mohammadamin Ehsani estahbanati As a literary or genre type, fiction is influenced by different political and social actions based on the content structure. The universal literature, after the World War II, had been placed in the instrumental role for advertising the redevelopment of the escala More As a literary or genre type, fiction is influenced by different political and social actions based on the content structure. The universal literature, after the World War II, had been placed in the instrumental role for advertising the redevelopment of the escalated societies. The socialist realism is based on the background of socialist community and forces’ description which are making society in the inner side. The realist socialist presents a correct historical image and drawing struggling effects of people’s lives, from the Marxist ideology and revere of anthropology. The present research aims to investigate the literary works of three German and Russian writers such as Anna Seghres, Christa Wolf and Mikhail Sholokhov from the socialist realism and its reflection in their own stories. Although these works are written in roughly different periods of time and have different themes, each one are somehow utilizing this basis in a various way. The results of this research which is conducted in descriptive-analytical and library-based data-mining, show that Michael Sholokhov performs indicating the ideals of communist government and utilizing the socialist realism components compared to the individualism and love notion in “the divided heaven” by Wolf and “The dead are remained young still” by Seghres as more potential Manuscript profile -
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48 - A Study and Application of Narrative in Ghazaleh Alizadeh's Works, Relying on the Novels "House of the Idrisians", "Nights of Tehran"
Zinat Nateghpour Ali Mohammad Moazzeni Teymur Malmir Narratology, as a new science, examines the grammar of fiction. Using the indicators of narratology, the structural pattern of narratives can be achieved. Numerous linguists have offered extensive theories in this field, and among them, Gerard Genet's studies are More Narratology, as a new science, examines the grammar of fiction. Using the indicators of narratology, the structural pattern of narratives can be achieved. Numerous linguists have offered extensive theories in this field, and among them, Gerard Genet's studies are extensive. In his study of narratives, he relies on three general indicators: "time", "state or aspect" and "sound or tone". Ghazaleh Alizadeh, is among the contemporary writers of Iranian fiction whose works can be considered from the perspective of narratology. Relying on the views of narratologists, especially Gerard Gennet's theories, this article examines the three components mentioned in the works of these authors. Narration in the past and the past in the past, the narration of the present and the frequent passage from the present to the past are the salient features of the mentioned works in terms of time. Most of the events of these works are narrated in a straight line, Using Negative and Positive Acceleration, Frequency and Its Types, Zero Focus and Inner Focus, Intra-Story Narrative from a First-Person Perspective, Monologue, Hadith Nafs and I am a Witness, Extra-Story Narrative from a Third-Person Perspective, as well as Post-Time and Simultaneous Narration, Is one of the features of narration in the above-mentioned novels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Analyzing the physical elements and spatial relationships of residential houses of the second Pahlavi period from the perspective of fiction
sara hosseini Fariba Alborzi Amirhossein AminiThe house and knowing its features have always been given a lot of attention and importance by designers and builders in order to increase the quality of human living place.House is an important social need that can be analyzed from different aspects. Therefore, in this MoreThe house and knowing its features have always been given a lot of attention and importance by designers and builders in order to increase the quality of human living place.House is an important social need that can be analyzed from different aspects. Therefore, in this regard, knowing and examining the roots affecting the houses of the past, including the physical aspects, can be an important and positive step in improving the quality of new and modern houses.The necessity of creating a house is its body, which has been recognized by many researchers. But the various investigations of the physical aspect to compare the spatial relations of the houses have received less attention, which is why this research has addressed it.According to the surveys conducted in the residential houses of the second Pahlavi period in Tehran, due to the increasing population growth and the increase in the migration of villagers to the cities, mass building is formed to meet the needs of the people, these gradual changes applied by studying the houses of each The decade of this historical period was summarized and analyzed separately.On the other hand, the existence of a multi-directional relationship between the text and the audience and the general culture and the connection of literary works with the existing approaches in the society, leads the research point of view to fiction literature, so that the process of house changes can be investigated from this point of view. In the context of the relationship between literature and society, we can mention the attention and influence of literature into people and society, and the special literary importance of this period was also due to the greater proportion of literary works of this period compared to the periods before and after it. Therefore, since the literary landscape refers to social issues and the realities of society, it seems that by rereading the literary stories of the second Pahlavi period, the gradual changes applied in the spatial relations of residential houses can be read and identified in terms of the physical dimension.The production of literary discourse and the flourishing of residential architecture also necessitates a deep study of the second Pahlavi period.The aim of the current research is to investigate the influential physical components in the different spaces of the houses of Tehran in the second Pahlavi period from the point of view of the literary writers in order to discover the important components of the houses from a new perspective. Also, this research has been done with a qualitative approach and a type of interpretative philosophy, with the approach of analyzing the content of the text and using the classical hermeneutic method, to examine and understand and explore the physical components of the houses of the second Pahlavi period from the texts of the books examined in a descriptive-analytical way. And finally, it has been dealt with by comparative comparison.The research tools were selected from the works of the writers of the second Pahlavi with a purposeful sampling of documentary studies.Finally, the results of the research show that the houses of the early Pahlavi II period are different in terms of physical and shape compared to the houses of the late Pahlavi II period. In the beginning of the second Pahlavi period, the open space of the yard and the porch play an important role in the house, which includes the pond and garden and different types of vegetation, but gradually with the removal of the yard and other architectural elements, including the porch, pond, garden and cover Plants, houses without these elements and sometimes even without a yard and as apartment units are observed. These changes show the gradual changes in the spatial relations of the houses of the second Pahlavi period, which shows the houses specific to that period by examining each decade.In this way, by removing or reducing and changing some elements and components from the plan of the houses, and despite changes in the spatial relations of the houses, the importance of the body and spatial relations in the houses of the decades before the 40s compared to the houses of the 50s and the new appears. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - پتانسیل دوگانه معنایی استعاره گرامری حرف اضافه ای در نثر رمان
یاسر حدیدیاز نگاه نحوی کاربردی زبانشناسی هالیدی، استعاره گرامری نقشی مهم و اساسی درمتن و کلام ژانرهای مختلف ایفا میکند و باعث میشود که معانی اندیشه ای از جایگاه اصلی معنایی خود حرکت کنند و با هم عوض شوند، به طوری که در جمله واقعی به شکل ظاهری دیگری ظاهر میشوند، تا معانی دیگری را Moreاز نگاه نحوی کاربردی زبانشناسی هالیدی، استعاره گرامری نقشی مهم و اساسی درمتن و کلام ژانرهای مختلف ایفا میکند و باعث میشود که معانی اندیشه ای از جایگاه اصلی معنایی خود حرکت کنند و با هم عوض شوند، به طوری که در جمله واقعی به شکل ظاهری دیگری ظاهر میشوند، تا معانی دیگری را بتوانند بیان کنند و با جریان کلام در لحظه استفاده زبان بازی کنند. یکی از اصلی ترین نمودهای این فرایند متنی تبدیل فعل و صفت به اسم است. با استفاده از بعضی جملات استفاده شده در رمانهای مشهور انگلیسی، هم کلاسیک و هم مدرن، این مطالعه از یکی از مدلهای قبلی پژوهشگر در مورد گروه بندیهای استعاره گرامری در رمان انگلیسی استفاده میکند تا روی یکی از این انواع، استعاره گرامری حرف اضافه ای، تمرکز کند. نتیجه تحلیل کلام این یافته است که بعضی از این نوع استعاره های گرامری ابهام معنایی دارند و باید به دو نوع کاملاً متفاوت، بر اساس بستر استفاده، تعبیر شوند. استعاره گرامری، به باور بسیاری از محققان، پتانسیل معنایی وسیعی را ایجاد میکند که لایه اصلی گرامری-معنایی، یعنی جمله نهایی متن، از آن بهره بردای متفاوتی بر اساس معنای مد نظر و پیش زمینه متنی دارد. همانطور که هم اینجا و هم در منابع دیگر ذکر میشود و هم تدریس خواندن و نوشتن پیشرفته محقق نشان میدهد، فهم گسترده تر از استعاره گرامری جزوی مهم و حیاتی در تدریس مهارت نوشتاری و موثر بودن آن است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Manifestations of Romanticism in the Story of "Anarbanoo and His Sons" by Goli Taraghi
Saeed MohammadikishRomanticism is used in the concepts of fantasy, legend, and dream. This movement uses all kinds of literary works, historical stories, horror and fantasy stories, love stories, and poetry as a means of expression. The story of "Anarbanoo and his sons" is a work of Goli MoreRomanticism is used in the concepts of fantasy, legend, and dream. This movement uses all kinds of literary works, historical stories, horror and fantasy stories, love stories, and poetry as a means of expression. The story of "Anarbanoo and his sons" is a work of Goli Taraghi, which has many affinities with some elements of the school of romanticism. The current research is theoretical research that uses the library research method and data description and analysis to investigate the story of Anarbanoo and her sons from the story collection "Somewhere Else" based on the components of the school of romanticism. The scope and society studied is the story "Anarbanoo and his Sons" from the collection "Somewhere Else" by Goli Taraghi, published by Niloofar Publishing House. Referring to some findings, it can be said that the individuality of the main character of the story, which is one of the important features of romanticism school, has a special language in the emergence and reflection of some components of romanticism. Such as emotions, utopian dreams, naturalism, and nostalgia. The memory of the beloved and the critique of civility have been created. The old lady in this story puts the symbolic theme of love and overcoming problems in front of sanity. The motherly feeling has overcome any caution and reasoning in the possibility of occurrence. The basic principle of romanticism is the preference for feeling over reason. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - An Investigation of the positive role of the demons in Great Khorasan Folk Myths
Mostafa SaadatBefore the advent of Zoroastrians, the Iranians believed in two groups of gods (Ahuras and demons). The publication of Zoroastrian’s doctrines is the cause of the sanctification of demons in Iran. Folk legends are an important treasure for identifying cultural cha MoreBefore the advent of Zoroastrians, the Iranians believed in two groups of gods (Ahuras and demons). The publication of Zoroastrian’s doctrines is the cause of the sanctification of demons in Iran. Folk legends are an important treasure for identifying cultural characteristics and finding how many beliefs and attitudes develop in societies. The purpose of the present study is to answer the question whether the collected folk legends from Khorasan of Iran and its partner countries Afghanistan and Tajikistan can show the evolution of Iranian society's attitude towards demons? In some folk legends, demons have a moral character; for example, they have a grateful personality, help the protagonist, they are good and kind, and they do specialized work. In some folk tales, human being oppresses the demons and even kills them for no reason, while the demons refuse to kill anyone. In many stories, by the influence of religion, negative role has been attributed to the demons, but the stories in which the demons play a positive role show the triumph of the worship of demons over the teachings of Zoroastrians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - .Historical Contemporary Translation of the Vocabulary of the Poet, the Priest and the demented in the Persian Translation of the Qur'an
Zohre Akhavan Shirin RajabzadeThe necessity of translating the Qur'an into non-verbal acquaintance seems necessary. Among the verses of the Qur'an, there are verses that refer to the struggle of the pagans of Mecca with the Prophet during the time of existence. Some of these allegations are attribut MoreThe necessity of translating the Qur'an into non-verbal acquaintance seems necessary. Among the verses of the Qur'an, there are verses that refer to the struggle of the pagans of Mecca with the Prophet during the time of existence. Some of these allegations are attributing the characteristics of the poet, priest, and demented to the prophet. Given the meaning of these words in the age of descent, all of which are in some way related to jinn, the question is raised in the translation of the words of the poet, priest, and demented, whether Persian translators during the history of translation refer to these words in the age of decline. Is it Have they been able to translate the term into the translation of verses associated with these words? By reviewing more than fifty Persian translations, it became clear that translators had two different functions during the history of translation: abandoning the word without translating and replacing or translating the word with the correct equation. These two functions are scattered throughout the history of translation and are not exclusive to a certain time, although the translations of the fourteenth century more in the sense of the age of decline, in contrast to the initial expectation. It is worth mentioning that even some translators who have considered these words in the age of decline have not followed the same principle in the translation, and only in a few cases brought a proper translation, and in other cases provided a different translation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Impact of Iran's Oil Industry on Structure of Persion Novel (1320-1350)
Shabnam Hatampur Vali-ola Zafari Reza kargar Kutyani With regard to the history of oil industry in Iran and the expansion of industry in the areas of the south and southwest (in provinces of Bushehr, Fars and Khuzestan), We're faced ,willingly or unwillingly, with industrial confrontation of east and west cultures More With regard to the history of oil industry in Iran and the expansion of industry in the areas of the south and southwest (in provinces of Bushehr, Fars and Khuzestan), We're faced ,willingly or unwillingly, with industrial confrontation of east and west cultures in the areas of culture, language, beliefs etc. The presence of oil explorers in the southern regions, had a huge impact on cultural and linguistic features of the people in these areas. The authors of these areas were to promote environmental literature. These writers were the natives or workers in the oil company. In this paper some structures of short stories influenced by oil company, were reviewed between 1320-1350 (AH). Results showed anger, hate, nihilism atmosphere, hope, happyness, immigration, poverty and lack of job security were dominant features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Examining and Critic of the narrative element of suspension in three novels by Fariba Wafi (My bird, the dream of Tibet and Tarlan)
Mohammad Isazadeh Hajiagha Arash Moshfeghi Aziz Hojaji KohjooghThe Suspense in the story is a quality that the author creates for the events that are taking place in the story to create passion and motivation in the reader to read the story. The present article tries to examine this element of story in a descriptive-analytical way MoreThe Suspense in the story is a quality that the author creates for the events that are taking place in the story to create passion and motivation in the reader to read the story. The present article tries to examine this element of story in a descriptive-analytical way in three novels by this author (namely, My Bird, the Dream of Tibet and Tarlan). These novels do not have a strong suspense element and the reason for this is the author's greater attention to characterization and representation of the identity of fictional characters. This does not mean that this element is missing in the mentioned novels. Rather, the author uses some tools to create this element and compensate for its weakness, one of which is the inclusion of parallel narratives throughout the novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - A glance at voage Fictions in the realm of Iran and world Literature
morteza HashemiThe motife of “Traveling” has a high and important position in the field of world literature and remarkable works based on have been created. In addition to uncountable poetical pieces- often- in description of enchanting and charming of traveling, so many e MoreThe motife of “Traveling” has a high and important position in the field of world literature and remarkable works based on have been created. In addition to uncountable poetical pieces- often- in description of enchanting and charming of traveling, so many epics , tales, fictions and travel accounts based on this old phenomenon of Mankind life are exposed to public view , in the literature domain, and some of most famous literary works are formed based on voyage and navigation. The writer attempt in this article is the presentation of most important works in this field and makes a comparison between classical and preceding Persian and European (Greek and Latin ) works , also enumeration of similarities and differences of such kind. In this survey, we find out that some valuable works , in poetry and prose , in the Persian literature domain are created by talented and visulizer Persian writers which are notable and comparable with first rate works of world Literature. As the most important characteristics of these works can be enumerated as followings: confrontation with natural and supernatural obstacles and occurrences, welcoming to danger and adventuresomeness , heros’ entrance to unknown islands and places and finally shipwreck phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - ترجمه و ایدئولوژی: ترجمه انگلیسی کتاب سرنوشت پرینوش صنیعی
Nahid Fakhrshafaieترجمه همواره تحت تأثیر ایدئولوژی بوده است. کتاب سرنوشت اثر پرینوش صنیعی نمونه ای بارز از این مقوله است. این کتاب به 26 زبان ترجمه شده است و یکی از 75 ترجمه برجسته ادبیات جهان امروز در سال 2013 است. نسخه ایتالیایی نیز جایزه بوکاچو 2010 را برای صنیعی به ارمغان آورد. پژوهش Moreترجمه همواره تحت تأثیر ایدئولوژی بوده است. کتاب سرنوشت اثر پرینوش صنیعی نمونه ای بارز از این مقوله است. این کتاب به 26 زبان ترجمه شده است و یکی از 75 ترجمه برجسته ادبیات جهان امروز در سال 2013 است. نسخه ایتالیایی نیز جایزه بوکاچو 2010 را برای صنیعی به ارمغان آورد. پژوهش حاضر به عنوان یک پژوهش کیفی کتابخانه ای، تلاش میکند به این سؤال پاسخ دهد که چرا کتابی که در زبان مبدأ فاقد ارزش ادبی است، چنین استقبال و محبوبیتی در زبان مقصد پیدا میکند؟ با وجود تغییراتی که مترجم در متن اصلی برای بهبود آن ایجاد می کند، ترجمه همچنان دارای نقاط ضعف متن اصلی است: شخصیت ها اغراق آمیز، احساساتی و کلیشه ای هستند. علاوه بر این، روایت قهرمان داستان از شرایط اجتماعی در یک دوره بحرانی تاریخ ایران به شدت تک بعدی و سطحی است. این مطالعه نتیجه می گیرد که موفقیت این رمان به عنوان یک کتاب پرفروش در بسیاری از کشورهای غربی به این دلیل است که رمان تصویر کلیشه ای غربی از شرق و شرقی ها را تأیید و بازتولید می کند. در این تصویر کلیشه ای از شرق، قهرمان زن داستان فرشته گون است و پدر و برادران بی رحم او به صورت شخصیت های اهریمنی به تصویر کشیده شده اند. بنابراین، خواننده غربی رمانی با رمانی مواجه می شود که تکرار گفتمان غربی در مورد شرق و شرقی ها است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - A Study of Translators’ Approach in Dealing with Culture-specific Items in Translation of Children’s Fantasy Fiction
Asma Sabermahani Azita Ghazizade -
Open Access Article
59 - پست مدرنیزم و ترجمه: بررسی ترجمه داستان های پست مدرنیزم
Fateme Abooee Nezamaddin Moeinzadeh پژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی More پژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده است و مشکلات اصلی ترجمه پست مدرنیسم توسط محقق ارزیابی شد. این پژوهش یک تحقیق کیفی متمرکز برهشت تکنیک پست مدرنیسم است که توسط شیبا (2017) ارائه شده اند. مجموعه ای که برای انجام این کار جمع آوری شده بود متشکل از داستان "صید قزل آلا در آمریکا" اثر ریچارد براتیگان و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط یزدانجو بود. پس از تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها ، نتایج به طور کامل مورد بحث و تحقیق قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که همه فنون پست مدرنیسم توسط مترجم ایرانی به کار گرفته شده است. در میان همه ، "رئالیسم جادویی" بیش از سایر تکنیک ها به کار رفته است ، اما "درگیری خواننده" کمتر از سایر تکنیک ها در ترجمه استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش همچنین بیانگر توانایی مترجم در برجسته سازی عبارات واهی و خیالی برای کمک به خواننده در درک چنین موارد تخیلی است. در مورد مشکلات اصلی ، مترجم مجبور بوده است که بسیاری از تفاوت های فرهنگی را که می تواند سوتفاهم های گسترده ای را در بین خوانندگان ایجاد نماید، حذف کند. همچنین ، در بیشتر موارد، او فقط جملات را به متن مقصد منتقل کرده و یافتن معنی دقیق جملات برای خواننده به فارسی بسیار سخت است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - پست مدرنیزم و ترجمه: بررسی ترجمه داستان های پست مدرنیزم
فاطمه ابویی معین زاده نظام الدینپژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده ا Moreپژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده است و مشکلات اصلی ترجمه پست مدرنیسم توسط محقق ارزیابی شد. این پژوهش یک تحقیق کیفی متمرکز برهشت تکنیک پست مدرنیسم است که توسط شیبا (2017) ارائه شده اند. مجموعه ای که برای انجام این کار جمع آوری شده بود متشکل از داستان "صید قزل آلا در آمریکا" اثر ریچارد براتیگان و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط یزدانجو بود. پس از تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها ، نتایج به طور کامل مورد بحث و تحقیق قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که همه فنون پست مدرنیسم توسط مترجم ایرانی به کار گرفته شده است. در میان همه ، "رئالیسم جادویی" بیش از سایر تکنیک ها به کار رفته است ، اما "درگیری خواننده" کمتر از سایر تکنیک ها در ترجمه استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش همچنین بیانگر توانایی مترجم در برجسته سازی عبارات واهی و خیالی برای کمک به خواننده در درک چنین موارد تخیلی است. در مورد مشکلات اصلی ، مترجم مجبور بوده است که بسیاری از تفاوت های فرهنگی را که می تواند سوتفاهم های گسترده ای را در بین خوانندگان ایجاد نماید، حذف کند. همچنین ، در بیشتر موارد، او فقط جملات را به متن مقصد منتقل کرده و یافتن معنی دقیق جملات برای خواننده به فارسی بسیار سخت است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - ترجمه و ایدئولوژی: مورد ترجمه انگلیسی کتاب سرنوشت پرینوش صنیعی
Nahid Fakhrshafaieترجمه همواره تحت تأثیر ایدئولوژی بوده است. کتاب سرنوشت اثر پرینوش صنیعی نمونه ای بارز از این مقوله است. این کتاب به 26 زبان ترجمه شده است و یکی از 75 ترجمه برجسته ادبیات جهان امروز در سال 2013 است. نسخه ایتالیایی نیز جایزه بوکاچو 2010 را برای صنیعی به ارمغان آورد. پژوهش Moreترجمه همواره تحت تأثیر ایدئولوژی بوده است. کتاب سرنوشت اثر پرینوش صنیعی نمونه ای بارز از این مقوله است. این کتاب به 26 زبان ترجمه شده است و یکی از 75 ترجمه برجسته ادبیات جهان امروز در سال 2013 است. نسخه ایتالیایی نیز جایزه بوکاچو 2010 را برای صنیعی به ارمغان آورد. پژوهش حاضر به عنوان یک پژوهش کیفی کتابخانه ای، تلاش میکند به این سؤال پاسخ دهد که چرا کتابی که در زبان مبدأ فاقد ارزش ادبی است، این چنین استقبال و محبوبیت زیادی در زبان مقصد پیدا میکند؟ با وجود تغییراتی که مترجم در متن اصلی برای بهبود آن ایجاد می کند، ترجمه همچنان دارای نقاط ضعف متن اصلی است: شخصیت ها اغراق آمیز، احساساتی و کلیشه ای هستند. علاوه بر این، روایات قهرمان داستان از زندگی اجتماعی به تصویر کشیده شده در دوره اقلیمی تاریخ ایران به شدت تک بعدی و سطحی هستند. این مطالعه نتیجه می گیرد که موفقیت این رمان به عنوان یک کتاب پرفروش در بسیاری از کشورهای غربی به این دلیل است که تصویر کلیشه ای غربی از شرق و شرقی را تأیید و احیا می کند. در این تصویر کلیشه ای از شرق، قهرمان داستان آنجلیک است و پدر و برادران بی رحم او به عنوان شخصیت های اهریمنی بازنمایی می شوند. بنابراین، خواننده غربی رمانی را می یابد که مفهوم غربی شرق و شرقی را بازیابی می کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Mythology of Modern Spatial Eschatology in Arthur Clarke’s Science-Fictions
Roohieh Naziripour Maryam SoltanBayadArthur C. Clarke seeks to present a new spatial eschatology. Until now, the analysts have only pointed out in a scattered and inconsistent way the eschatological and religious nature of the presence of aliens and gods along with space travels. In the present article, we MoreArthur C. Clarke seeks to present a new spatial eschatology. Until now, the analysts have only pointed out in a scattered and inconsistent way the eschatological and religious nature of the presence of aliens and gods along with space travels. In the present article, we have coherently analyzed the eschatological elements and compared them with their origin in the stories of Clarke. These elements of modern spatial eschatology are mythological answers to the needs of the contemporary era, based on the intellectual assumptions of modernity. The method used in the article is analytical– comparative. The findings of the research show that Clarke's stories, such as The Hammer of God, 2001: A Space Odyssey and Childhood's End, present a seemingly new eschatology along with myths about immortality, resurrection and the end of human history, in order to respond to the intellectual needs of contemporary mankind. But Clarke still uses the elements of the past ecclesiology, which shows that he has not completely broken with the previous eschatological systems and indicates that he has revived these systems in a transformed form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Mystical and Mythological Perspective of Shahrnush Parsipur on Women and Their Social Position in Her Novel Women Without Men
solmaz pourtaghimiandoab toroj aghdai Heidar Hassan Lou MEHRI TALKHABIMystical stories serve as a means of spreading awareness and promoting spirituality in the realm of mysticism and human progress towards self-transcendence. Numerous authors have focused on transcendence under the guise of mysticism and spiritual experience in their wor MoreMystical stories serve as a means of spreading awareness and promoting spirituality in the realm of mysticism and human progress towards self-transcendence. Numerous authors have focused on transcendence under the guise of mysticism and spiritual experience in their works. Shahrnush Parsipur is one such writer who views the lives of her fictional characters through a mystical lens and portrays immortality in reality. In her renowned novel Women Without Men, Parsipur employs mystical elements to create her female characters. The objective of this research is to investigate the social and mystical perspective of Shahrnush Parsipur towards women and their social status, based on the novel, using an analytical-descriptive approach. The findings of this research suggest that each character in the novel can be considered a representative of a segment of women's society; women who, by attaining self-knowledge and embarking on a spiritual journey, strive to understand the truth of their existence and seek inner purity, immortality, and truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Ibrahim Adham Repentance: One Anecdote and Eight Narrations
Gholamrezā Hātefi Majoomard Amir Hosein Hemati Asqar RezāpouriyānEmploying stories and anecdotes to express spiritual teachings and illustrating deep mystical concepts have long been practiced by the Persian-speaking poets and writers. In the meantime, sometimes we encounter stories that due to their structural and conceptual capacit MoreEmploying stories and anecdotes to express spiritual teachings and illustrating deep mystical concepts have long been practiced by the Persian-speaking poets and writers. In the meantime, sometimes we encounter stories that due to their structural and conceptual capacities, different narrations are presented about them. The story of Ibrahim Adham Repentance is one of them. Most of the mystical sources have pointed to his repentance. Mostamli Bokhari, Abul-Ghāsem Ghushairi, Hujwiri, Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, Attār of Nishapur, Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī and Kamal al-Din Hosein Ghazorghahi are the famous writers who have discussed the story. In the present article, the attempt is made to compare these narrations by using descriptive and analytic method. Based on fictional elements, the differences and similarities of eight narrations have been considered. The results show that in the narration of Attār of Nishapur actions are more than others; scenery is only seen in Attār's version, and in Tazkirat-al-Auliyā characterization is more prominent than otherseven narrations. Furthermore, Attār and Ghushairi emphasize dramatization of their own narrations while using proper dialogues and appropriate characters and situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - A study of the motifs in Shiva Arastuei's novel "khof"
Aram Ahmadi Reza Forsati juybari hossein parsaeiIn fiction, the motif can be a stylistic element and reveal the dominant theme or themes to the reader. Women writers make the most of this linguistic option and, in addition to creating constant sensitivity in the reader, direct the text to a specific artistic language MoreIn fiction, the motif can be a stylistic element and reveal the dominant theme or themes to the reader. Women writers make the most of this linguistic option and, in addition to creating constant sensitivity in the reader, direct the text to a specific artistic language. Shiva Arastuei's novel "khof" (=Fear) is one of these examples that deals with the "loneliness" and "fear" of man in modern age and expresses a feminine narrative of this loneliness and fear. In this article, we intend to examine the most important motifs in the novel "khof" and show what concepts the author has expressed in this way. These motifs are also characteristic of a feminine style in that they express the sensibilities of a female writer. The method of this research is "descriptive-analytical"; That is, first, data from the novel "khof" is described, and then, based on them, an analysis is performed and leads to a summary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Modern literary style of Mohammad -Ibn- Movaylehy in Hadith -e- Isa-Ibn-e- Hisham
katayoun fallahi zahra mohajer noeeMohammad -Ibn- Movaylehy (1323 AH = 1906 AD) is a talented writer of nineteenth century. He was a reform writer that create a masterb piece named Hadith -e- Isa-Ibn-e- Hisham.This work is real examples of Egyptian society in the nineteenth century that Movaylehy l MoreMohammad -Ibn- Movaylehy (1323 AH = 1906 AD) is a talented writer of nineteenth century. He was a reform writer that create a masterb piece named Hadith -e- Isa-Ibn-e- Hisham.This work is real examples of Egyptian society in the nineteenth century that Movaylehy like a sociologist with accurate knowledge of community drew a modern fictional style. The content of this story indicated Movaylehy liberal thought is realistic manner. Movaylehy’s style, in this book is using simple and new words. The results of the present article can be mentioned: Movaylehy with an understanding of social and political situation in Egypt in nineteenth century, Tried to use art fully story writing technique to comment thoughts and feelings. Though his writing story writing technique is not mature European story But tried the element of his history should be close to the European story. The presence of social satiricalanecdotes that show the class conflict in egyption society and Attention to the scientific content in accordance with current knowledge other points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - A Study of the manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam Hossein Sa'edi’s Works with respect to Gérard Genette's Theory of Hypertextuality
elahe feizimoghadam Mohammad Aref Mohammadreza SharifzadehThe purpose of this article is the hypertextuality study of manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works according to Gérard Genette's theory of hypertextuality. This theory is one of the five types of Genette's theory of transtextuality which MoreThe purpose of this article is the hypertextuality study of manifestations of metamorphosis in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works according to Gérard Genette's theory of hypertextuality. This theory is one of the five types of Genette's theory of transtextuality which concentrates on inspiration, derivation and effectiveness of the hypotext on the hypertext. Besides, this theory includes two basic types, imitation and transformation. Metamorphosis is considered as one of the most remarkable elements in myths, folk tales, and legends. Based on this process, unexpected and gradual changes demonstrate themselves in the appearance and sometimes in the conscience of the creatures and they transform from one form to another while displaying different performances. Moreover, sometimes they can appear in the combined structure of humans, animals, plants, and objects. Literature is the origin of presence of these manifestations and they have had mutual effects on each other over the time. The mutual impressiveness and effectiveness provide an opportunity to study them with respect to the theory of hypertextuality especially by considering contemporary literatute as the target resources which fewer researchers have focused on it. The results of the study demonstrate that the manifestations of the metamorphosis exist in thirteen stories, one novel, six plays, and three screenplays written by Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi. In this article, based on the descriptive-analytical method, these manifestations were classified and determined in three different groups and then they were studied based on a qualitative content analysis. At the end, impressiveness of these manifistations in Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's works from ancient literature and folk tales has been studied according to the hypertextuality theoretical framework. The results represent that Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi sometimes has used these manifestations with direct and indirect influence of ancient and religious narratives and folk tales (hypotext) in his works (hypertext), however, in most of the time, he has used his creativity and imagination to make these manifestations in favor of progress of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Fictional role and function of heroes, villains and assistants in the tales of Samad Behrangi based on the theory of Prop
Zeinab Sarmadi Torab Jangi GhahremanThis study examine the fictional role and functions of heroes and villains in folk tales according to the works of Samad Behrangi and according to Propp’s theory and also examine classification or idolize of heroes and villains and analyze and explain the role and MoreThis study examine the fictional role and functions of heroes and villains in folk tales according to the works of Samad Behrangi and according to Propp’s theory and also examine classification or idolize of heroes and villains and analyze and explain the role and fictional role of heroes and villains in mentioned works. Samad Behrangi is a contemporary writer that influenced by folklore and Azeri national literature has written stories for children in the field of social issues and since in folk tales structure of text fined identity in confrontation between the hero and villains and the role of heroes in the stories is fighting with evil and villains characters and role of villains is the stories is creating type of disaster or making damage and loss, according to this role and fictional function of heroes and villains in the works of Samad Behrangi are described and analyzed and some tables have been drawn. Therefore, according to the performed studies, it can be concluded that the heroes and the villains in these works have a simple and uniform state that is less transformative and the heroes are more likely to reach out with external factors and goals and also in some cases overlapping of the role of the villains and assistants can be observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Analysis of World War II reflections on both Simin Daneshvar’s Savashoon and Hanna Mine’s AlmasabihAlzorq (Lights of Blue) novels
Saeid Bozorg Bigdeli Hossein Ali Ghobadi Helwa SalehThe relationship between literature and society, is bidirectional link, to certify the nature and fate of the literary genre of the novel effect on the literary genres and literary forms. Novel is tied to the society more than other literary forms. Theme and chara MoreThe relationship between literature and society, is bidirectional link, to certify the nature and fate of the literary genre of the novel effect on the literary genres and literary forms. Novel is tied to the society more than other literary forms. Theme and characterization have the greatest role in the reflection of the society situations; therefore, in this article we have tried to analyze the reflection of World War II on theme and characterization. In this paper, the novel Almasabih Alzorq by the famous contemporary Syrian novelist, Hanna Mine and Savashoon by the famous Iranian novelist, Simin Daneshvar from the perspective of the impact of colonialism on both Iranian and Syrian societies have been reviewed. We have tried to analyze these two novels by using the theory of discourse analysis by Fairclough. The similarities and differences between these two novels were evaluated and examined. This led to the conclusion that both novels bear more similarities rather than differences in the colonialism attack and its reflections on Iran and Syria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The Fictions in Moral Philosophy of Allāmeh Tabātabāi and the Non-cognitivist Approach in Meta-ethics: Comparative Study
انشاءاله رحمتی لیلی حیدریانAllāmeh Tabātabāi’s theory of fictions is similar to the non-cognitivist theory in meta-ethics, since both of them deal with non-declarative sentences. However Tabātabāi disagrees with non-cognitivists’ statement, that non-declarative sentences are meaningle MoreAllāmeh Tabātabāi’s theory of fictions is similar to the non-cognitivist theory in meta-ethics, since both of them deal with non-declarative sentences. However Tabātabāi disagrees with non-cognitivists’ statement, that non-declarative sentences are meaningless. In non-cognitivist theory ethical sentences and emotional expressions are the same; in fact, ethical sentences are not the rational consequence of emotions or meanings that indicate emotions. But according to Tabātabāi’s theory of fictions, fictitious perceptions and talking of good and evil are affected by our motivations and needs and are not identical with them. Since Tabātabāi believes that perceptions and meanings are the fruits of inner elements, he is very close to sentimentalists. However, for sentimentalists ethical sentences are relative propositions. They believe that good and evil are the results of unruly and changeable emotions of human beings. On the other hand, non-cognitivists consider material nature and experience as the criteria for measuring ethical statements; therefore, they could not get rid of relativism. But Tabātabāi, considering the divine disposition of man which could bring bliss for human beings, talks about fixed and unchanging values which are constant in origin and rooted in human nature. Therefore, Tabātabāi’s theory of fictions, which is rooted in rich Islamic culture and tradition and resulted from the teachings of Quran, consists of firm logical principles and never falls into the trap of relativism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Types of Allegory in Persian Literature
Sardar BafekrAbstract Allegory is the most important and prolific literary skills in the didactic and Indian style. The base of this art lies on simile in which the poet or the writer likens a matter to a simpler one to prove it or uses an MoreAbstract Allegory is the most important and prolific literary skills in the didactic and Indian style. The base of this art lies on simile in which the poet or the writer likens a matter to a simpler one to prove it or uses an ordinary example to transfer his ideas to the reader. Using this method in the didactic literature has flavored and strengthened the ethic maxims and doubled its attraction. Allegorical stories are frequent in didactic literary works but in Indian style the frequency of equation is more prevalent than other types of allegory. Having elaborated the numerous types of allegory, we will bring samples for each of them from important works of Persian literature and criticize their strengths and weaknesses. The type of research is based on the ability of literary arrays in the important didactic and Indian style and consider the view points of clear-sighted authorities. The ultimate conclusion of this article is that using the different types of allegory is the main and essence of didactic literature and Indian style are also of the mysteries the beauty of language and its impact on the readers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Studying the Fictional Elements in the Contemporary Stories in the 10th , 11th , and 12th High School Classes
Majid Soltani Mahdi Novrooz Akbar Sha&# Batool Fakhre IslamAbstract Educational researchers believe that the literary, religious, cultural, national and thinking foundation of any generation forms in its childhood and juvenile period and an important of it is on the shoulder of educat MoreAbstract Educational researchers believe that the literary, religious, cultural, national and thinking foundation of any generation forms in its childhood and juvenile period and an important of it is on the shoulder of educational system of every country. Text books are the most important tools of this formation among which Farsi books, because of paying attention to fictional literature are the best way to narrate the human contemplations and thoughts. The fictional element, in this research – the stories in 10th, 11th, 12th high school classes have analytically and thematically been studied. It seems that the authors are interested more in novels and long stories. Most fictional elements have been used repeatedly. Summary of short stories in comparison with novels and long stories were associated with less damage in fictional elements and themes. There is no thematic variation in text books. Therefore, no diversity of stories is seen in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Studying the Fictional Elements in the Contemporary Stories in the 10th , 11th , and 12th High School Classes
A'zam Bazgir Alvar Mahmood Tavoosi Maryam Amir Arjomand Fatemeh EmamiAbstract Educational researchers believe that the literary, religious, cultural, national and thinking foundation of any generation forms in its childhood and juvenile period and an important of it is on the shoulder of educatio MoreAbstract Educational researchers believe that the literary, religious, cultural, national and thinking foundation of any generation forms in its childhood and juvenile period and an important of it is on the shoulder of educational system of every country. Text books are the most important tools of this formation among which Farsi books, because of paying attention to fictional literature are the best way to narrate the human contemplations and thoughts. The fictional element, in this research – the stories in 10th, 11th, 12th high school classes have analytically and thematically been studied. It seems that the authors are interested more in novels and long stories. Most fictional elements have been used repeatedly. Summary of short stories in comparison with novels and long stories were associated with less damage in fictional elements and themes. There is no thematic variation in text books. Therefore, no diversity of stories is seen in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - " Fiction " and "The System of Existence " Critical Analysis of " Hayyebne Yagzan " and Salaman va Absal " and the Narratives of Jami , Ibne Sina and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy
Mahdi Ebrahimi Hosseinali Kandi Ali Asghar HalabiAbstract Ibne Sina, Jami and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy with the influence of Honayn Ibne Es' hag, have in addition to their various works, used the form of story-telling to explain abstract thoughts. The two stories of " Hayyebne MoreAbstract Ibne Sina, Jami and Ibne Tofayle Andolosy with the influence of Honayn Ibne Es' hag, have in addition to their various works, used the form of story-telling to explain abstract thoughts. The two stories of " Hayyebne Yagzan " and Slaman va Absal " are based on different narratives of three thinkers, distinguished from similar examples of folk tales. This format, having special appeal to the philosophers' is used in the structure of the story to reveal their world-view in a cipher, symbol and metaphor. The main point of this paper is that in the narratives of Ibne Sina and Jami the objective worlds are not intended, because the narrative language of these two authors implies the patterns based on specific concepts, including the lack of interest in the world around us, the invalidity of the world material and the importance of privacy. This unique universal worldview can be identified in their history of stories. In the Iranian ecology with complex events and special social relations – a kind of abstract thought is produced which is different from the analogy with its western example, the narrative of Ibne Tofayle Andolosy.In the recent narrative, the universe has more objective phenomena Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Post Modernism in Iran’s contemporary fiction (The study of post modernist features in Hooshang Golshiri’s works)
Siavoush GolshiriAlthough the term postmodernism is repeatedly used by the writers and even critics in Iran however due to the unfamiliarity as to its true origins, principles and features of this literary genre, believing in such a movement in fiction in this country is always discerni MoreAlthough the term postmodernism is repeatedly used by the writers and even critics in Iran however due to the unfamiliarity as to its true origins, principles and features of this literary genre, believing in such a movement in fiction in this country is always discernible. As to descry certain features as a basis according to which one can determine whether a work is postmodern or not and whether those features were adopted merely as a universal model together with the question whether these texts to the same measure that they are deconstructive, do they remain fiddle to the endemic possibilities of Farsi language and its past, are among the main questions this research and analysis is aimed at answering. The following works of Hooshang Golshiri short stories such as ”the night of doubt’, “A man with a red tie”, “A picture for my empty frame”, “The first innocent”, and “the garden’s prisoners” and long stories and novels like “Prince Ehtejab”,“Christian and Kayd”, and “ the mirrors with doors” were selected for this purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Narratology and the difference between fiction and dialogue based on the theories of Gerard Genette
Ro’ya Ya’aghobiThe present article is concerned with the fictional narrative or the narrative fiction from the perspective of Gerard Genette, the French literary theorist. A controversial concept variously interpreted by the critics ever since its appearance. His major wor MoreThe present article is concerned with the fictional narrative or the narrative fiction from the perspective of Gerard Genette, the French literary theorist. A controversial concept variously interpreted by the critics ever since its appearance. His major work on narrative best known in English as “An Essay in Method” deals with five main concepts discussed in detail in this article. The difference between fiction and dialogue in Genette’s eyes, conceptual divisions and their various elements are also elaborated on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Reconstruction of Identity in Modern Iranian Fiction
Fatemeh PourjafariAbstract Studying modern Iranian fiction demonstrates a gradual shift in gender identity formation. This transition includes the multiple perspectives towards the female by the male characters, dangling between their comprehension of women as either angels or witches. MoreAbstract Studying modern Iranian fiction demonstrates a gradual shift in gender identity formation. This transition includes the multiple perspectives towards the female by the male characters, dangling between their comprehension of women as either angels or witches. The emergence of womanly-men and manly-women literary characters is a sign of a gradual refusal of the conventional gender roles during the last decades. This study aims to develop a new perspective on reading modern Persian fiction regarding the issue of gender and identity, based on Judith Butler’s theory of the performativity of identity.Classical Persian literature, dominated by masculine myths, considered mobility and assertiveness as the natural, featuring characteristic for males. The image of women in these works is usually associated with enclosure and domesticity and those women are appreciated who show modesty and purity of manner. This study aims to develop a new perspective on reading modern Persian fiction concerning the issue of gender and identity. The significance of the present research lies in its attempt to change the stereotyped image that the West has of Iranian Muslim women and their social reality. Manuscript profile
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