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Open Access Article
1 - Assess the Impact of Alfalfa Root System on the Reinforcement of Soil
Samad Zahermand Khosrow Shafiei Motlagh Esfandyar Jahantab Rasol AjalloeianBackground and Aim: Soil improvement using plant roots has been considered by many researchers in order to strengthen soil mass in terms of environmental protection and natural resources.The effect of plant root system on soil resilience is a function of the biotechnica MoreBackground and Aim: Soil improvement using plant roots has been considered by many researchers in order to strengthen soil mass in terms of environmental protection and natural resources.The effect of plant root system on soil resilience is a function of the biotechnical properties of roots But due to the complex interactions between soil and plant, the impact of root reclamation on soils remains a challenge.This study investigates the effect of alfalfa root density on soil consolidation in Pazannan region in Khuzestan provinceMethods: In this study, for the first time, the effect of alfalfa root system was investigated on soil resilience in greenhouse conditions. Soil samples taken from the study area after a period of 5 months under greenhouse cultivation, 3 rootless soil samples and 12 soil samples with different root densities were tested for direct cutting to measure the shear strength of soil composition and roots And the parameters of internal friction angle and adhesion of root-reinforced soil were obtained and compared with rootless soil samples.Results: In general, the density and number of roots has been reduced with increasing depth, and also the root density index decreases with the depth increases.Using these results and direct cutting tests was calculated the amount of armament.The presence of roots has created a significant resistance to soil shear strength, which has been affected by increasing the amount of soil adhesion.In contrast, the internal friction angle of reinforced soil decreases with respect to the rootless soil and has the opposite behavior of the adhesion factor.And its changes are much less than the changes of the adhesion factor.Therefore, it can be known that increasing the shear strength of soil reinforced with alfalfa root is equivalent to increasing adhesion.Conclusions: The results of this study show that there is a direct relationship between root density index and soil shear strength. The highest and lowest reinforcement rates for 28 and 5% density index were 87.5% and 7.5% increase in soil adhesion, respectively and there has been a maximum reduction in internal friction angle relative to rootless soil of 5.5%. This study showed that there is a decrease in the relationship between depth and root density index, depth and strength of reinforcement as biotechnological characteristics of alfalfa species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Optimum water utilization through precise soil salinity control under steady state conditions
Yousuf Hasheminejhad Mahmood Gholami Vali SoltaniFor conservation of soil and water resources and maintaining sustainability of agricultural productivity, water application under saline conditions should be conducted under precise application of crop leaching fraction. To evaluate leaching requirement and sa MoreFor conservation of soil and water resources and maintaining sustainability of agricultural productivity, water application under saline conditions should be conducted under precise application of crop leaching fraction. To evaluate leaching requirement and salt tolerance of alfalfa, a lysimeteric study (40 cm diameter and 180 cm height) was conducted through completely randomized design with three levels of salinity irrigation water (3, 7 and 13 dS/m) and three levels of leaching fractions (12, 25 and 50 %) as a factorial experiment with four replicates. After soil packing, the lysimeters were leached out until the salinity of their leaching water reduced to 3 dS/m and the columns were sown with alfalfa seeds (Yazd cultivar). To adjust the irrigation water salinity, natural saline water from Sadouq Salinity Research Station with 14 dS/m salinity was blended with tap water to obtain the required saline water treatments. Crop water requirement including leaching fraction was precisely calculated and supplied to the plants. The amount of collected drainage water was again recorded after 48 hr and its quality indexes were measured. Any deviation from the designed leaching fractions was compensated in the next irrigation event. This way, the precise water and solutes balance was determined. After some irrigation events, depending on salinity and leaching fraction level, drainage water salinity was fitted to the predicted steady state simulation models. The minimum required irrigation cycles to reach steady state conditions was obtained to be 12 cycles which was increased by increasing salinity and decreasing leaching fraction. The overall results showed that implementation of a defined leaching fraction can reduce soil salinity more than what was predicted by WatSuit model. Thus, soil salinity control at a desired level can be obtained by less leaching fraction level which is especially important for optimum water utilization under saline conditions when irrigation is linked to more salt application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of Some Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in Rapeseed, Alfalfa, and Spinach after Irrigation with Different Levels of Domestic Waste water
Hamid Mozafari Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Jahanfar DaneshianIntroduction: Some mineral elements and heavy metals such as cadmium and lead if consumed regularly for a long period might be quite harmful to human health. In order to investigate the effects of domestic waste water on some mineral elements and heavy metals three plan MoreIntroduction: Some mineral elements and heavy metals such as cadmium and lead if consumed regularly for a long period might be quite harmful to human health. In order to investigate the effects of domestic waste water on some mineral elements and heavy metals three plants namely rapeseed, alfalfa, and spinach were selected and the experimental works were carried out at research station at Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, in the year 2011.Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented. Experimental factors including irrigation water with different degrees of pollution in four-level including the control were applied to rapeseed, alfalfa, and spinach plants.Results: The results indicated that there was significant differences between mineral elements namely potassium, phosphorus and sodium and the concentrations of these elements were highest in the plants that were irrigated with domestic waste water as compared to the control. The concentrations of cadmium and lead did not show significant differences among the sample examined.Conclusion: Irrigation with refined domestic waste water increased mineral elements such as sodium, potassium and phosphorus however significant differences were not observed among heavy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Feasibility study of Caspian Sea water for the cultivation of alfalfa (Medicago spp.) In Mazandaran plain areas
reza tamartash zahra zamani Mohammad Reza Tatian mohammadreza reyahiBackground and Objective: Using seawater to produce crops is one way to combat this dehydration. For use of seawater, saline species should be selected according to the existing conditions. Species that is able to grow in saline conditions and desirable performance. The MoreBackground and Objective: Using seawater to produce crops is one way to combat this dehydration. For use of seawater, saline species should be selected according to the existing conditions. Species that is able to grow in saline conditions and desirable performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield of saline species with seawater so that plants with high forage yield and compatible with the environment can be selected and proposed for cultivation in coastal lands of Mazandaran. Method: In order to survey of halophyte forage plants characteristics, a factorial experiment was conducted at Research Station of Sari Natural Resources Faculty in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. The test factors included four Medicag polymorpha, Medicag scutellata, Medicago litoralis, Medicago truncatula and five sea saline water levels (0.6, 3.8, 6.4, 9.6, and 14.2) ds/m. Findings: The result of Analysis of variance showed that germination percentage in electrical conductivity, 3.8, 6.4 and 9.6 ds/m, there was not seen a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between two species (M. polymorpha and M. scutellata) and species (M. truncatula and M. litoralis). During the establishment phase (60 days), there was a significant difference between each species (p ≤ 0.05). In electrical conductivity of 3.8 and 6.4, M. polymorpha species showed a significant difference with other species, but there was no significant difference between the other three species. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that M. polymorha, M.scutellata species show more tolerance in salinity conditions (p≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria from alfalfa roots and their antimicrobial effects on human pathogens
Fatemeh Mangelian Zahra MasoumAlinejadObjectives: alfalfa with the scientific name Medicago sativa is the most important fodder plant in Iran and many parts of the world. This plant is known as the queen of fodder plants due to its high nutritional value and the possibility of planting in different climates MoreObjectives: alfalfa with the scientific name Medicago sativa is the most important fodder plant in Iran and many parts of the world. This plant is known as the queen of fodder plants due to its high nutritional value and the possibility of planting in different climates. The aim of the current research is to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from alfalfa roots and investigate their antagonistic effects on human pathogenic bacteria.Materials and methods: The sterilized alfalfa root pieces, after being crushed, were cultured in Tyoglycollate Broth and Muller Hinton Broth liquid culture media for enrichment. After liquid cultures, culture was done on Muller Hinton agar, eosin methylene blue and McConkey agar. Endophytic bacteria were identified by gram staining method and biochemical tests. The antagonistic activity of isolated bacteria was investigated by steric crossing and bilayer methods. From the bacteria with antagonistic effects, DNA extraction was performed and with the use of universal primer, 16SrRNA gene was amplified. The PCR product was sequenced and a phylogeny tree was drawn.Findings: The results showed that alfalfa endophyte bacteria had antagonistic activity and finally, two endophytes were investigated in terms of molecular identity, which belonged to Enterobacter and Pseudomonas genera.Conclusions: Based on the results, endophytic bacteria have a great diversity and significant antibacterial effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Study on genetic variation of Therioaphis trifolii using RAPD-PCR method
M. Takalloozadeh H. M. Takalloozadeh A. Hosseini Pour A. M. SarafraziAlfalfa (Medicago Sativa) is one of the most important forage plants in Iran. Several pests like aphids cause damage to these plants. One of the important aphids is the spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis trifolii). In order to study the genetic variation of this pest, s MoreAlfalfa (Medicago Sativa) is one of the most important forage plants in Iran. Several pests like aphids cause damage to these plants. One of the important aphids is the spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis trifolii). In order to study the genetic variation of this pest, samples were taken from alfalfa fields of different provinces of Iran (Kerman, Fars, Kohkiloieyeh, Lorestan, Hamadan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan, Markazi and Esfahan provinces) during 2007-2009. Seven RAPD primers were used in PCR test. At the range of 200-400 bp., 68 bands out of 88 had polymorphism. The primers A11 and CO4 had the highest polymorphisms that were 77.78 and 73.68 percent respectively. The related dendrogram showed 3 clusters and the second cluster had two sub clusters. In this research genetic differences were seen between collected samples from various regions, but no relationship was observed between these differences and altitudes, longitude, and position of the sampling locations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Estimating an appropriate sample unit for sampling programs of alfalfa aphids in alfalfa fields
]. Sabouri A. Mohseni Amin Sh. Goldasteh N. AlipanahiAlfalfa, Medicago sativa L. is the most widely used forage plant. In the recent decade, alfalfa aphids have become an important economic pests in some regions of Iran, including Borujerd the northern parts of Lorestan province. In this research, the appropriate sam MoreAlfalfa, Medicago sativa L. is the most widely used forage plant. In the recent decade, alfalfa aphids have become an important economic pests in some regions of Iran, including Borujerd the northern parts of Lorestan province. In this research, the appropriate sample units of alfalfa aphid populations were investigated in 2016. Comparison of six sample units, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of alfalfa stems revealed that there were significant difference among RV and RNP of aphid populations. Results showed that, the appropriate sample unit to estimate Acyrthosiphon pisum, Acyrthosiphon kondoi and Therioaphis maculate populations in alfalfa fields were 4, 4 and 3 stems, respectively. Based on the findings of this research, sample unit of 4 stems is recommended in the sampling for all alfalfa aphids populations in the field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Spatial distribution pattern of important alfalfa aphids in north of lorestan province
I. Sabouri A. Mohseni Amin N. Alipanahi Sh. GoldastehPea Aphid (Acyrthosiphonpisum Harris( ,Blue Alfalfa Aphid (Acyrthosiphonkondoi Shinji and Kondo ) andSpotted Alfalfa Aphid (TherioaphismaculataBuckton( of the important aphids alfalfa is include recently given their damage , they have been forced to use chemical pestici MorePea Aphid (Acyrthosiphonpisum Harris( ,Blue Alfalfa Aphid (Acyrthosiphonkondoi Shinji and Kondo ) andSpotted Alfalfa Aphid (TherioaphismaculataBuckton( of the important aphids alfalfa is include recently given their damage , they have been forced to use chemical pesticides in some parts of the province. determining the spatial distribution of this insect is an important factor in designing a suitable sampling plan and comprehensive pest management program . there for the spatial distribution pattern of this insect in borujerd county in 2015-2016 using distribution indices. For the experimentation and analysis of the result the regression method (Iwao , Taylor) was used . the result showed that the distribution of aphids in random . based an the values of (r ) the model (Iwao) was more appropriate than (Taylor) to show the relationship between variance and mean the data of this research can be useful in designing appropriate sampling program to stimate the populations of aphids and also to stimate population parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effects of different harvesting times on the yield and protein content of Bami alfalfa under micronutrient foliar application in Kerman region
Hojjat Safari Kamal Abadi -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of Foliar Treatment of Micronutrients (Iron, Zinc, and Manganese) on Nitrogen Yield and Biological Fixation of Bami Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) With Inoculation of Bacteria in Kerman
Hojjat Safari Kamal Abadi -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of the effects alfalfa removal in the diet on carcass characteristics in fattening Afshar male lambs
Zahra Mahboubi Naser Karimi Abas JahanbakhshiIn order to Investigation of the effects alfalfa removal in the diet on carcass characteristics in fattening Afshar male lambs, an experiment was conducted using 36 Afshar male lambs with a mean live weight of 32.53 ± 1.9 kg and a mean age of 93 ± 6.63 day MoreIn order to Investigation of the effects alfalfa removal in the diet on carcass characteristics in fattening Afshar male lambs, an experiment was conducted using 36 Afshar male lambs with a mean live weight of 32.53 ± 1.9 kg and a mean age of 93 ± 6.63 days for 90 days based on a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized 2×2 design. Experimental treatments include treatment 1) fattening diet containing 80% concentrate and 20% forage (10% wheat straw and 10% alfalfa), treatment 2) fattening diet containing 80% concentrate and 20% forage (20% wheat straw and 0% alfalfa), treatment 3) fattening diet contained 90% concentrate and 10% forage (5% wheat straw and 5% alfalfa) and treatment 4) fattening diet contained 90% concentrate and 10% forage (10% wheat straw and 0% alfalfa). The experimental rations were set based on the NRC food standard tables (2007) and the food ingredients of the rations and their nutritional values were similar. Dry matter consumption and daily weight gain for treatment four were significantly higher than other treatments. Treatment four had a numerically lower conversion ratio (6.1) compared to the other three treatments. The mean final weight of lambs, hot and cold carcass weights showed significant differences between experimental treatments. According to the results, the removal of alfalfa did not cause any production problems in these areas. Increasing the concentrate and eliminating alfalfa in the diet increases feed intake and daily weight gain and overall higher final weight in fattening periods and also improves feed conversion ratio, growth performance and carcass percentage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Forage Yield Local Alfalfa, c.v. Gara Yonjeh (Medicago sativa)
A. Salek Zamani A. FakhrVaeziTo identify suitable seeding rate and row spacing and their interaction effects on local alfalfa (Gara Yonjeh C.V.) forage yield, this experiment was carried out at Maragheh Dryland Research Station for four years. Experimental design was strip plot with 4 replications. MoreTo identify suitable seeding rate and row spacing and their interaction effects on local alfalfa (Gara Yonjeh C.V.) forage yield, this experiment was carried out at Maragheh Dryland Research Station for four years. Experimental design was strip plot with 4 replications. Row spacing was assigned to horizontal plots (A1= 25 cm, A2= 30 cm, A3= 40 cm) and seeding rate to vertical plots (B1= 15 kg/ha, B2= 20 kg/ha, B3= 30 kg/ha, B4= 40 kg/ha). The Combined analyses of data in 3 years showed that there were significant differences between row spacing but there were not significant differences among seeding rates. Interactions of row space × seeding rate were not significant. Means comparisons showed that yield of A1B3 entry (row space=25 cm, seed rate=30 kg/ha) with 3135 kg/ha dry forage and 5653 kg/ha wet forage was higher than the yields of other entries. Relation of Yield related to rainfall was found to be a polynomial function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Assessment of Clover Root Curculio, Sitona puncticollis Stephens (Col.: Curculionidae) Injury on Lucerne (Medicago sativa) in Pots
A. Pourhaji A. TavassoliAlfalfa is one of the most important crops that are infested by Sitona species in Iran. Adults and larvae of Sitona spp. feed on foliage and root of legumes and cause serious damages on them. Collection of adults of this genus during 2003 -2004 years from alfalfa fields MoreAlfalfa is one of the most important crops that are infested by Sitona species in Iran. Adults and larvae of Sitona spp. feed on foliage and root of legumes and cause serious damages on them. Collection of adults of this genus during 2003 -2004 years from alfalfa fields of eleven localities in East Azarbaidjan Province, Sitona puncticollis Stephens was found to be the dominant species. To estimate of damage of this species, 100 pots of common alfalfa cultivar (Ghara yonje) were sowed and after 2.5 months. Fifty pots were infested with eggs of S. puncticollis and the rests were maintained as control. After two months, length of stem and roots and their dry and fresh weights were measured in 30 infested and 30 uninfested pots. The data of infested and uninfested pots were compared by T- test. Results showed that there were significant differences (P< 0.01) between all measured traits in infested and uninfested pots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Improvement of Quality and Quantity of Alfalfa Forage Yield by Using Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers
H. Madani N. Sajedi H. Gholipoor FadashkThis research was conducted to study the effects of chemical and bio fertilizers on forage yield of alfalfa in a factorial experiment by using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2012-2013 in Arak, Iran. Treatments were chemical fertilizers in four MoreThis research was conducted to study the effects of chemical and bio fertilizers on forage yield of alfalfa in a factorial experiment by using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2012-2013 in Arak, Iran. Treatments were chemical fertilizers in four levels (control, potassium, phosphorus and whole micronutrients) and biological fertilizers in four levels (control, soil potassium solublizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and soil phosphorus solublizing bacteria). The results showed that the highest yield of alfalfa, in the first cut, was 1.76 t/ha by the use of phosphorus solublizing bacteria and 1.57 t/ha by using soil potassium solublizing bacteria. Although in the second cut the differences between chemical fertilizer and their interaction with biological fertilizer was not significant, but application of biological fertilizers could affect alfalfa yield in the second cut significantly. Application of soil potassium solublizing bacteria increased forage yield of alfalfa from 1.74 to 2.48 t/ha. The results also revealed that dry forage yield of alfalfa in control treatment was 2.5 t/ha and it was increased to 3.7 t/ha by using phosphorus solubilizing bacteria which is 1.2 t/ha higher than control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Morning vs. Afternoon Harvest Time of Alfalfa, Clover, and Barley Affect the Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Silage
J. Bayatkouhsar F. Rezaii F. Ghanbari R. Rahchamani -
Open Access Article
16 - Effect of Dry Matter Content and Inoculation on Ruminal Protein Degradability in Alfalfa Silages
R. Postulka P. Dolezal J. Pelikan D. Knotova -
Open Access Article
17 - اثر الیاف غیر قابل هضم علوفه یونجه و مواد سیلویی ذرت بر تجزیه پذیری شکمبه ای الیاف جیره در گوسفند
س. یوسفیان ا. تیموری یانسری ی. چاشنی دلبه ­منظور ارزیابی اثر NDF غیر قابل هضم (iNDF) جیره بر تجزیه ­پذیری الیاف در شکمبه دو آزمایش طراحی شد. در آزمایش 1، برای تعیین iNDF از چهار میش فیستولا گذاری شده در ناحیه شکمبه استفاده شد و سه گرم از علوفه خشک یونجه، ماده سیلویی ذرت، دانه جو، سبوس گندم، جیره 1 (ح Moreبه ­منظور ارزیابی اثر NDF غیر قابل هضم (iNDF) جیره بر تجزیه ­پذیری الیاف در شکمبه دو آزمایش طراحی شد. در آزمایش 1، برای تعیین iNDF از چهار میش فیستولا گذاری شده در ناحیه شکمبه استفاده شد و سه گرم از علوفه خشک یونجه، ماده سیلویی ذرت، دانه جو، سبوس گندم، جیره 1 (حاوی علوفه یونجه و کنسانتره)، و جیره 2 (حاوی ماده سیلویی ذرت و کنسانتره) در 4 تکرار در کیسه­ های نایلونی قرار داده شد و به مدت 288 ساعت در محیط شکمبه انکوباسیون شد. نمونه ­های خوراک و جیره برای ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، عصاره اتری، ADF، NDF، NDF بالقوه قابل هضم (pdNDF)، NFC و خاکستر آنالیز شدند. در آزمایش 2، تجزیه ­پذیری شکمبه ­ای ماده خشک، NDF، iNDF و pdNDF علوفه خشک یونجه، ماده سیلویی ذرت، جیره 1 و جیره 2 با استفاده از تکنیک in situ و با استفاده از چهار میش زل فیستولا گذاری ­شده در ناحیه شکمبه انجام شد. میزان ناپدید شدن شکمبه ­ای برای ماده خشک در ساعت­ های صفر و 2 و برای NDF در ساعت 96 انکوباسیون برای جیره 2 بیشتر بود. بخش محلول، با قابلیت تجزیه آهسته و نرخ تجزیه پذیری جیره 1 و 2 برای ماده خشک به ترتیب 28.93 و 25.93 درصد؛ 50.40 و 46.26 درصد؛ 2.36 و 3.19 درصد، و برای NDF به ترتیب 11.81 و 11.74 درصد؛ 61.37 و 46.32 درصد؛ 1.74 و 2.33 درصد بود. محتوای iNDF برای علوفه خشک یونجه، ماده سیلویی ذرت، دانه جو، سبوس گندم، جیره 1 و 2، به ترتیب 3.02 ± 30.74، 2.14 ± 16.84، 1.48 ± 4.77، 2.29 ± 11.75، 0.77 ± 21.32 و 0.91 ± 11.42 درصد ماده خشک بود. نتایج نشان داد که با وجود محتوای یکسان NDF در دو جیره، وجود تفاوت در محتوای iNDF می­تواند بر تجزیه­ پذیری در شکمبه مؤثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effects of Various Essential Oils of Medical Plant Seeds and Spices on Digestion Characteristics and Population Changes of Ruminal Anaerobic Fungi in in vitro Condition
م. سجادیان م. دانش مسگران ع.ر. وکیلی -
Open Access Article
19 - بررسی جایگزینی یونجه با علوفه شنبلیله در جیرههای غنی از کنسانتره در آزمایشگاه
ف. فریور ن.م. تربتی نژاد ی. جعفری آهنگری س. حسنی آ.م. قره باش م. مهاجراین تحقیق به منظور بررسی امکان جایگزینی علوفه یونجه با علوفه شنبلیله برای نشخوارکنندگان، با استفاده از فراسنجههای تولید گاز و برخی خصوصیات تخمیر شکمبهای در آزمایشگاه انجام گرفت. به این منظور، 5 جیره کاملاً مخلوط متفاوت برای تأمین احتیاجات برههای در حال رشد 35 کیلوگرم Moreاین تحقیق به منظور بررسی امکان جایگزینی علوفه یونجه با علوفه شنبلیله برای نشخوارکنندگان، با استفاده از فراسنجههای تولید گاز و برخی خصوصیات تخمیر شکمبهای در آزمایشگاه انجام گرفت. به این منظور، 5 جیره کاملاً مخلوط متفاوت برای تأمین احتیاجات برههای در حال رشد 35 کیلوگرمی با جایگزینی تدریجی یونجه در جیره تیمار شاهد (تیمار1) با نسبتهای مختلف علوفه شنبلیله (25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد، به ترتیب تیمارها ی 2، 3، 4 و 5) فرموله گردید. تولید گاز (میلیلیتر به ازای 200 میلیگرم ماده خشک) در ساعات 2، 4، 6، 8، 12، 24، 48، 72 و 96 انکوباسیون اندازهگیری شد. غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی (میلیگرم بر دسیلیتر) و pH مایع شکمبه بلافاصله پس از پایان انکوباسیون اندازهگیری شد. تولید گاز با افزایش سطوح علوفه شنبلیله افزایش یافت (05/0P<). با افزایش سطوح علوفه شنبلیله، افزایش معنیداری در تولید گاز از بخش نامحلول (b) مشاهده گردید (05/0P<). روند مشابهی در مورد پتانسیل تولید گاز (a+b، 05/0P<) مشاهده شد. همچنین ثابت نرخ تولید گاز (c) تیمارهای 2، 3 و 4 به طور معنیداری بالاتر از تیمار شاهد بود، ولی تفاوت بین تیمارهای 3 و 4 و 5 معنیدار نبود. جایگزینی علوفه شنبلیله در سطوح 25 و 75 درصد به طور معنیداری pH نهایی را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش داد (05/0P<)، اما تفاوت بین تمیارهای 3 و 5 با تیمار شاهد معنیدار نبود. تولید اسیدهای چرب فرار (میلیمول به ازای 200 میلیگرم ماده خشک) در تیمارهای با سطوح 50 درصد یا بالاتر جایگزینی علوفه شنبلیله (تیمارهای 3 و 4 و 5) بطور معنیداری بالاتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0P<). قابلیت هضم ماده آلی تیمارهای با سطح جایگزینی 50 درصد یا بیشتر علوفه شنبلیله نیز بطور معنیداری بالاتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0P<). به طور مشابه، انرژی متابولیسمی تخمینی این تیمارها نیز بطور معنیداری بالاتر از تیمار شاهد بود (05/0P<). بر اساس این نتایج، میتوان استنباط کرد که شنبلیله قابلیت تولید علوفهای با ارزش برای نشخوارکنندگان را با ارزش غذایی قابل مقایسه با یونجه دارا است و میتوان در جیره یونجه را بدون هیچ مشکلی با علوفه شنبلیله جایگزین کرد. Manuscript profile -
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20 - توسعه روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی تغییر یافته به جای روش کیسههای نایلونی برای ارزیابی تجزیهپذیری پروتئین یونجه خشک در نشخوارکنندگان
ا. آقاجانزاده گلشنی ن. ماهری سیس ر. سلامت دوست نوبر ی. ابراهیم نژاد ا. قربانیاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی امکان استفاده از روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی تغییر یافته به جای روش کیسههای نایلونی برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری پروتئین یونجه خشک در نشخوارکنندگان به اجرا در آمد. در آزمایش کیسههای نایلونی مقدار سه گرم از نمونه یونجه داخل کیسههای داکرونی ریخته شد Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی امکان استفاده از روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی تغییر یافته به جای روش کیسههای نایلونی برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری پروتئین یونجه خشک در نشخوارکنندگان به اجرا در آمد. در آزمایش کیسههای نایلونی مقدار سه گرم از نمونه یونجه داخل کیسههای داکرونی ریخته شد. کیسهها به مدت صفر، 2، 4، 8، 12، 16، 24، 36 و 48 ساعت در شکمبه سه رأس گوسفند نر قزل کانولهدار انکوبه شدند. در پایان آزمایش تجزیهپذیری ماده خشک، ماده آلی و پروتئین محاسبه شدند. در آزمایش تولید گاز، شیرابه شکمبه بافری شده به نسبت 19 قسمت بزاق مصنوعی و یک قسمت شیرابه شکمبه تهیه و با کربوهیدرات سریع قابل تخمیر به مدت 4 ساعت پیش انکوبه شد. بعد از پیش انکوباسیون مقدار 30 میلیلیتر از این محلول داخل سرنگ 100 میلیلیتری که درون آن مقداری نمونه یونجه که دارای 5/7 میلیگرم نیتروژن بود، ریخته شد. نمونهها در زمانهای 2، 4، 6، 8، 12، 16، 24، 36، 48، 60 و 72 ساعت انکوبه شدند و بعد از آن گاز خالص تولیدی محاسبه شد. در سومین آزمایش 25 گرم از نمونه مدفوع با 50 میلیلیتر بزاق مصنوعی مخلوط شده و با اضافه کردن بزاق مصنوعی، حجم آن به یک لیتر رسانده شده و صاف گردید. سپس این سوسپانسیون به مدت 4 ساعت پیش انکوبه شد. پس از پیش انکوباسیون مراحل تولید گاز همانند روش معمول انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معنی داری بین تولید گاز با شیرابه شکمبه و مدفوع در زمانهای 2، 4، 24، 36 و 48 ساعت انکوباسیون وجود داشت در حالیکه در بقیه ساعتهای انکوباسیون اختلاف معنی داری وجود نداشت. رابطه نزدیکی بین تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین خام در ساعتهای مختلف انکوباسیون و مقدار گاز تولیدی با استفاده از شیرابه شکمبه (18= n و 76/0= r2وگاز 32/0+93/58=تجزیهپذیری پروتئین خام) و سوسپانسیون مدفوع (18= n و 60/0= r2وگاز 27/0+38/58=تجزیهپذیری پروتئین خام) وجود داشت. نتایج نشان داد که سوسپانسیون مدفوع میتواند به جای شیرابه شکمبه در روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی استفاده شود. توسعه این روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی میتواند باعث کاهش نیاز به دامهای فیستولهگذاری شده در آزمایشهای ارزیابی مواد خوراکی شود. Manuscript profile -
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21 - پروفایل اسید چرب در شیر گاوهای جرسی تغذیه شده با علوفه سبز یا خشک
ر. اورتگا پرز ای. پالاسیوس مچتنوو اُ. آرجونا لوپز ا. پالاسیوس اسپینوزا ب. موریلو آمادور ا. گیلن تروجیلو ج.ل. اسپینوزا ویلاویسنسیوهدف از این مطالعه تعیین غلظت اسیدهای چرب (FA) خصوصاً اسیدهای چرب ترانس و لینولئیک کونژوگه شده در شیر گاوهای جرسی تغذیه شده با یونجه سبز (GA) یا یونجه خشک (AH) بود. 40 گاو جرسی با رکورد گوساله­زایی دو تا پنج، روز شیردهی 60 تا 90 و غیرآبستن در یک سیستم تولیدی محدود اس Moreهدف از این مطالعه تعیین غلظت اسیدهای چرب (FA) خصوصاً اسیدهای چرب ترانس و لینولئیک کونژوگه شده در شیر گاوهای جرسی تغذیه شده با یونجه سبز (GA) یا یونجه خشک (AH) بود. 40 گاو جرسی با رکورد گوساله­زایی دو تا پنج، روز شیردهی 60 تا 90 و غیرآبستن در یک سیستم تولیدی محدود استفاده شدند. در یک تیمار (20GA n=) گاوها با یونجه سبز تازه خرد شده و کنسانتره تجاری تغذیه شدند. در تیمار دیگر (20AH n=)، گاوها با یونجه خشک و کنسانتره تجاری مشابه تغذیه شدند. یک نمونه شیر (10 میلیلیتر) از هر گاو جمع­آوری شد. لیپید کل، اسیدهای چرب استریفه شده متیله (FA)، و اسیدهای لینولئیک کونژوگه شده (CLA) توسط کروماتوگرافی تعیین شدند. مقدار اسیدهای چرب اشباع، تک­گانه و چندگانه غیر اشباع بین تیمارها مشابه بود (05/0P>). محتوای اسیدهای چرب امگا 3 و امگا 6، همچنین نسبت امگا 6: امگا 3 توسط نوع علوفه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند (P>0.05). با این حال، غلظتهای اسید ترانس واکسینیک (P<0.01)، اسید رامنیک (P<0.01)، کل اسیدهای چرب ترانس (P<0.001) و CLA تام (P<0.01) در گاوهای تغذیه شده با GA بالاتر بودند. ما نتیجه گرفتیم که مصرف یونجه خرد شده سبز در گاوهای جرسی تولید CLA و اسید واکسینیک ترانس 18:1 n-7 trans-11 در شیر را افزایش میدهد. Manuscript profile -
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22 - اثر تخم شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum) و ریشه مارچوبه (Asparagus officinalis) بر هضم و کینتیک تولید گاز یونجه با استفاده از تکنیک آزمایشگاهی
و. ناصری ف. کفیلزاده ف. هژبریاین تحقیق به منظور مطالعه اثر تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه بر قابلیت هضم و کینتیک تولید گاز علوفه یونجه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. تخم شنبلیله (FS) و ریشه مارچوبه (AR) در سطوح مختلف (0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 درصد ماده خشک) اضافه شده بودند. کل ترکیبات فنولی علوفه یونجه (AH)، ت Moreاین تحقیق به منظور مطالعه اثر تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه بر قابلیت هضم و کینتیک تولید گاز علوفه یونجه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. تخم شنبلیله (FS) و ریشه مارچوبه (AR) در سطوح مختلف (0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 درصد ماده خشک) اضافه شده بودند. کل ترکیبات فنولی علوفه یونجه (AH)، تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه به ترتیب 9/5، 10 و 3/8 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک، کل تانن 4/0، 8/3 و 5/1 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک و ساپونین 4/10، 3/27 و 3/40 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک (DM)، ماده آلی (OM) و دیواره سلولی (NDF) یونجه با اضافه کردن سطوح مختلف تخم شنبلیله کاهش (05/0P<) یافت، اما با اضافه کردن ریشه مارچوبه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفته بود. افزودن تخم شنبلیله تأثیری بر قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام (CP) یونجه نداشت، اما ریشه مارچوبه در سطح 5 و 20 درصد ماده خشک قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام یونجه را کاهش (05/0P<) داده بود. انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) یونجه بواسطه اضافه کردن تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافته بود (05/0P<). اضافه کردن تخم شنبلیله (در سطح 10 درصد ماده خشک) و ریشه مارچوبه (در سطح 5 درصد ماده خشک) پتانسیل تولید گاز یونجه را کاهش (05/0P<) داده بود. نرخهای ثابت تولید گاز (c و d) بواسطه اضافه کردن تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفته بودند. تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه در سطح 5 درصد ماده خشک فاز تأخیر (l) را کاهش داده بودند. تخم شنبلیله تأثیری بر نرخ تخمیر (h-1) یونجه نداشت، اما ریشه مارچوبه در سطح 10 درصد ماده خشک نرخ تخمیر را افزایش (05/0P<) داده بود. نتایج این تحقیق پیشنهاد میکند که تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه به واسطه محتوای متابولیتهای ثانویه ممکن است پتانسیل بهبود ارزش غدایی علوفه یونجه را داشته باشند. Manuscript profile -
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23 - تأثیر چین و کیفیت آب آبیاری رو ترکیب شیمیایی و تجزیهپذیری in situ شکمبهای یونجه
م. قدمی ا. تیموری یانسری ی. چاشنیدلهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات چین و کیفیت آب آبیاری رو ترکیب شیمیایی و ماده خشک (DM) in situ، پروتئین خام (CP) و تجزیهپذیری الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) یونجه بود. سه گوسفند زل فیستوله شده (تقریباً 2 ساله) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی برای ارزیابی تجزیهپذیری in siut Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات چین و کیفیت آب آبیاری رو ترکیب شیمیایی و ماده خشک (DM) in situ، پروتئین خام (CP) و تجزیهپذیری الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) یونجه بود. سه گوسفند زل فیستوله شده (تقریباً 2 ساله) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی برای ارزیابی تجزیهپذیری in siut شکمبهای استفاده شدند. زمانهای انکوباسیون شکمبهای ساعتهای 0، 3، 6، 9، 12، 24، 48 و 72 را شامل شد. نتایج نشان دادند که افزایش بلوغ چین و آبیاری با آب شور به طور معنیداری باعث افزایش اجزاء دیواره سلولی (011/0P=) و کاهش غلظتهای پروتئین در یونجه (0001/0P=) میشود. به استثنای سرعت تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای DM که در چین اول یونجه بالا بود، پارامترهای دیگر تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای DM معنیدار نبودند. تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای NDF در دومین چین یونجه، که با آب شور آبیاری شده بود، بالاتر بود (0143/0P=). نرخ تجزیهپذیری NDF در چین اول یونجه، و تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای مؤثر NDF در نرخ عبور متفاوت در یونجهای که با آب شور آبیاری شده بود بالاتر بودند. تجزیهپذیری آهسته شکمبهای CP (001/0P=) و تجزیهپذیری مؤثر در نرخ عبور متفاوت یونجه، که با آب شور آبیاری شده، بالاتر بود. چین روی تجزیهپذیری CP یونجه اثر نداشت. آزمایش ما نشان میدهد که افزایش شوری آب اثر منفی روی کیفیت علوفه یونجه نداشت. Manuscript profile -
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24 - Rhizophagus irregularis regulates antioxidant activity and gene expression under cadmium toxicity in Medicago sativa
Mahboobeh Nozari Habibollah Nadian Hengameh Taheri -
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25 - Responses of alfalfa influenced by magnetic field and rhizobial inoculant
Neda Kazemi Khaledi Sara Saadatmand Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Taher Nejadsattari -
Open Access Article
26 - Response of agronomic traits of forage corn to simultaneous cropping with legumes, nitrogen levels and cultivator application
Mohammad Mirzakhani Farzad AmeriIn order to Response of agronomic traits of forage corn to simultaneous cropping with legumes, nitrogen levels and cultivator application. A factorial randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Urea manure levels [N0= without urea (Control), N1= MoreIn order to Response of agronomic traits of forage corn to simultaneous cropping with legumes, nitrogen levels and cultivator application. A factorial randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Urea manure levels [N0= without urea (Control), N1= 150 Kg ha-1 of urea, N2= 300 Kg ha-1 of urea) and simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= cultivation of corn, S2= cultivation of corn + cultivator application, S3= cultivation of corn + cultivator application + soybean, S4= cultivation of corn + cultivator application + cowpea, S5= cultivation of corn + cultivator application + alfalfa) were assigned in plots. In this study, traits such as stem diameter, height of earing, number of ear, wet weight of ear, number of grain per m-2, harvest index, biological yield, wet weight of stem and leaf and surface of ear leaf were evaluated. The result have shown that the interaction effect of urea levels and simultaneous cropping + cultivator application treatment was significant on stem diameter, height of earing, wet weight of ear, number of grain per m-2, harvest index, biological yield and wet weight of stem and leaf. The highest and lowest of biological yield (18.13 and 9.60 ton ha-1) were obtained with the cultivation of corn + cowpea + 150 Kg ha-1 of urea + cultivator application and cultivation of corn + cowpea + cultivator application + 0 Kg ha-1 of urea manure, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Study of biochemical and molecular properties of Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria isolated from alfalfa roots in two regions of Iran
Azadeh Haddad Sabzevar Mahboobeh Nakhaei MoghaddamBackground & Objectives: Rhizobia are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and provide a significant amount of nitrogen in the soil. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the biochemical properties of indigenous Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria in two reg MoreBackground & Objectives: Rhizobia are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and provide a significant amount of nitrogen in the soil. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the biochemical properties of indigenous Sinorhizobium meliloti bacteria in two regions of Iran, and also to detect the strains with higher efficiency, which have the potential to be used as bio-fertilizer. Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional study, bacteria were collected from alfalfa plants in areas around Qom and Khorasan Provinces. These bacteria were identified using nodulation test, as well as biochemical and molecular examinations. The growth curves of these isolates were drawn. The isolates with higher efficiency were identified by inoculation of bacteria into alfalfa seeds and comparison of the rate of plant growth. Results: The isolated bacteria did not show a same reaction in Lithmus milk medium. All bacteria were gelatinase-negative, and only a few strains were able to utilize starch of the media. Some bacteria were able to grow in the presence of hydrophobic compounds. S22K and S36k from Khorasan, S3Q and S12Q from Qom showed better effects on the growth of test plants in comparison to other isolates. Conclusion: The results of these research showed that some indigenous bacteria of S. meliloti are able to digest starch and were able to grow in the presence of SDS. Among the isolates, strains S3Q and S22K had the better potential for application as biological fertilizer. This research could be a step for the production of bio-fertilizers in our country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation the effect of native rhizobial treatment, animal manure and urea fertilizer on the growth of alfalfa plants in Fars province
Mohammad Javad Nowrooz Nejad Mohammad Kargar Kavoos Ayaz Pour Mehdi Kargar Sareh Raeiszadeh JahromiBackground and Objective: Rhizobacteria are the most important microorganisms in the soil that have major role in fixing nitrogen than other soil microorganisms. The aim of this study is using native rhizobium of Fars province calcareous soil and determination the role MoreBackground and Objective: Rhizobacteria are the most important microorganisms in the soil that have major role in fixing nitrogen than other soil microorganisms. The aim of this study is using native rhizobium of Fars province calcareous soil and determination the role of urea fertilizer in giving high yield and efficiency of alfalfa. Materials and Methods: First, native rhizobium is separated from alfalfa root nodules using YAM environment containing Congo red, and then it is identified with staining, and biochemical tests. This research is performed as a randomized plan and under different nutritional conditions, including fertilizer without urea, 100mg/kg urea fertilizer, 200mg/kg urea fertilizer, 1% animal manure, 3% animal manure and also under different microbial inoculations, including without bacteria, native rhizobium and standard rhizobial strain in six repeats in open air. Results: The best growth is observed in the pots treated with local rhizobium. In comparing to urea fertilizer, the pots fertilized with 3% animal manure treatments showed a better growth. The most height plants were seen in the pots fertilized with local rhizobium treatments. The best treatment to give high yield was achieved with local rhizobial strain and 3% animal manure. The most active root nodules in nitrogen fixation were seen in the plants treated with local rhizobium. Conclusion: By comparing the native and standard rhizobial strains and according to calcareous soil of Fars province and hot and dry weather of this region, it is suggested that fertilization with local rhizobial strain and animal manure can result in high yields and nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Effect of Drought Stress Levels on Seedling Morpho-physiological Traits of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Populations grown in Glasshouse
Mehrnaz Riasat Armin Saed-Mouchehsi Ali Ashraf Jafari -
Open Access Article
30 - Study of Diversity for Yield and Quality Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Determination of the Best Population for Cultivation in Dryland Farming in Iran
Mohsen Farshadfar Mehdi Kakaei Yaser Salehabadi Zahra Baghaeifar Ali ashraf Jaffari -
Open Access Article
31 - Effects of Mix Cropping of Alfalfa and Annual Ryegrass on Forage Production
Seyed Jalil Noorbakhshian -
Open Access Article
32 - Assessment of Relationships among Yield and Quality Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under Dryland Farming System, Hamadan, Iran
M. Davodi A. A. Jafari G. Assadian A. Ariapour -
Open Access Article
33 - Variability and Correlation between the Seed Yield and its Component in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Populations under Dry Land Farming System, Hamadan, Iran
Ali Ashraf Jafari Milad Lak Ghasem Assadian -
Open Access Article
34 - The evaluation of different herbicide on weeds control, growth indices, and forage yield Alfalfa
masoud noroozi mohammad reza dadashi fariba mighani hossien ajam norooziField experiment was conducted to evaluate chemical control of weeds in newly planted alfalfa with emphasis on growth indices in randomize complete-block design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications at the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Prot MoreField experiment was conducted to evaluate chemical control of weeds in newly planted alfalfa with emphasis on growth indices in randomize complete-block design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications at the research field of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection located in Meshkindasht, Karaj, during 2014-2016. The treatments consisted of Eradicane 4.1 g ai/ha, Metribuzin 525 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB 1269 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB 1480 g ai/ha, Bentazon 144 g ai/ha, Imazethapyr 50 g ai/ha (with 200 ml Sitogit), Imazethapyr 100 g ai/ha (with 200 ml Sitogit), non-herbicide control and whole-season weeding control. Based on reducing density of broad-leaved weeds the most effective herbicides were Metribuzin (99 and 97% in first and second cutting) and Imazethapyr 1 lit/ha (91 and 90% in first and second cutting). The poorest control was application of Eradicane (44 and 36 % in first and second cutting). Furthermore, the results of reducing density of grass weeds showed that among all herbicides the highest efficiency were related to Eradicane (100% in both cutting) and Imazethapyr 100 g ai/ha (87 and 91% in first and second cutting). the lowest fresh and dry weight of alfalfa, cumulative dry matter and leaf area index was related to use of Metribuzin, which was due to the effects of herbicide injury on alfalfa, thus it led to decreasing of alfalfa density in the first year Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Screening for salt tolerance via assessment of ion levels and nutrient contents in Iranian alfalfa ecotypes
Masoud TorabiAn experiment was conducted in order to screening salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes on the ion levels (Na+, Cl-) and nutrient contents (N, P, K) in University Putra Malaysia during 2008-2010. Five Iranian alfalfa ecotypes including Rehnani, Ghargholog MoreAn experiment was conducted in order to screening salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes on the ion levels (Na+, Cl-) and nutrient contents (N, P, K) in University Putra Malaysia during 2008-2010. Five Iranian alfalfa ecotypes including Rehnani, Gharghologh, Shorkut, Bami and Nik-Shahri were evaluated for their response to salt stress in a split plot trial, where five ecotypes were as main plots and levels of salinity including 2, 6, 12, and 18 dS/m were as subplots. To assess of ion levels and nutrient contents the samples from shoots were obtained at each stage of salinity including 6, 12 and 18 dS/m. The results showed that the nutrients content and ion levels were affected by salt concentration and there were varying responses between ecotypes. Salt stress affected the concentration of Na+, Cl-, N, K+ but the concentration of P was not significantly affected by salinity levels. In terms of Na+, Cl-, N and K+ concentrations in shoot the ecotypes were significantly different, vice versa phosphorus concentration in shoot among the ecotypes was not significantly different. It is concluded that ecotype number 2 (Gharghologh) identified as the most tolerant ecotype because of minimum accumulation of Na+ and Cl- and maximum absorption of nutrients in its shoots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Identification of Salt tolerance Sinorhizobium meliloti strains in Alfalfa and Annual medics
majid Dashti hosein Heidari Sharif abad amir Lakzian elahe Binesh In order to identification and isolation of salt tolerance Sinorhizobium meliloti strains, several soil samples and root nodules were collected from some regions of Khorassan Province and also some strains from Soil & Water Research Institut More In order to identification and isolation of salt tolerance Sinorhizobium meliloti strains, several soil samples and root nodules were collected from some regions of Khorassan Province and also some strains from Soil & Water Research Institute and one standard strain were studied. After nodulation test, strains was inoculated to Yeast Extract Monitol Broth (YEMB) medium at 28ºC degree centigrade and then exposed to different concentration of NaCl ( 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 mM). Growth turbidity (OD420nm) as an indicator for bacterial growth was measured after for 72 hr. A factorial experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that all strains grew well in control treatment and six strains showed growth turbidity (OD) >1.0. Growth turbidity of 44 strains had high significant differences under salt stress. Salt concentrations greater than 600 mM severely affected the bacteria growth. Only eight strains showed OD>0.1, considered as salt tolerance strains. Amoung which, strain M32 showed significant difference (P<0.05). None grew in a salin solution of 750 mM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - An investigation of the relationship of rapid canopy development with seed vigor and forage yield in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
H. SoleimanzadehOne of the unique traits of plants is the conversion of the radiation energy into the chemical energy. Rapid canopy development and closure in crop increases interception of solar radiation and can be resulted in increases crop yield. Therefore, a study was conducted to MoreOne of the unique traits of plants is the conversion of the radiation energy into the chemical energy. Rapid canopy development and closure in crop increases interception of solar radiation and can be resulted in increases crop yield. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the relationship between canopy development on forage yield in alfalfa and determination of traits that affect canopy development. The study included 8 alfalfa cultivars (Baghdadi, Bami, Sarbandi, Nikshahri, Mohajerani, Harati, Hamedani and Yazdi). Laboratoral tests (Germination, seed deterioration and seedling growth tests) using completely randomized design and field experiment using randomized complete blocks carried out in 2013 – 2014. The results showed that the correlation of seed vigor (rapid, uniformity and germination percentage) with rapid canopy closure and forage yield were not significant when there were optimum plant density in field. Rapid canopy closure had significant effect on dry forage yield; cultivars with faster canopy development produced more dry forage yield. Leaf area index and crop dry matter at beginning of exponential growth phase and relative leaf area development rate and relative growth rate during the exponential phase, the average of individual leaf area and leaf area ratio were detected as effective traits in rapid canopy closure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Study on quantity and quality changes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Hamedani) under application of different rates of seaweed and humic acid
Amin Farnia Omid EhyaeiThis study was laid out in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of humic acid and seaweed on yield and quality of alfalfa (cv. Hamedani) forage in Hamadan region at 2016.This experiment was conducted as a factorial arrengment based on randomized complet MoreThis study was laid out in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of humic acid and seaweed on yield and quality of alfalfa (cv. Hamedani) forage in Hamadan region at 2016.This experiment was conducted as a factorial arrengment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were humic acid in concentrations of (0, 1, 2.5 and 5 L.ha-1) and seaweed extract in four levels (0, 250, 500 and 1000 g.ha-1).The results showed that the effects of seaweed and humic acid were significant on plant hight, number of leaf per plant, number of stem per surface unit, wet and dry foriage yield and percentage of crud protein and soluablesugars.Also the interaction effect of humic acid and seaweed was significant on plant hight, number of leaf per plant and soluable sugar percent only.The data comparison means shows that with increasing of seaweed and humic acid concentration the plant height was increased.The highest number of stem per surface unit was obtained in 1 kg.ha-1 seaweed treatment. Foliar application of 5 kg.ha-1humic acid increased number of stem per surface unit as 17 percent compared to control treatment.Dry and wet foriage yield increased significantly by foliar application of humic acid and seaweed.Maximum wet foriage yield (30 ton.ha-1) was obtained in 1000 g.ha-1 seaweed that increasd as 16% compared to control. Maximum and minimum wet foriage yield (29.79 and 23.99 t.ha-1) was related to application of 2.5 kg.ha-1humic acid and control treatments respectively.The maximum crud protein (12.23%) was obtained in 1000 g.ha-1 seaweed and 5 L.ha-1humic acid treatments. Also foliar application of humic acid and seaweed increased soluable sugars compared to control treatment. In final, the present resulta shows that foliar application of humic acid and seaweed increased quantity yield and quality of alfalfa in Hamedan region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Effects of Different Levels of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Extract on Hepatic Enzymes Performance and Serum Parameters in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Ahmad Kolivand Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Mohammad zakeri Vahid Yavari Nasim ZangueeThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) extract on hepatic enzymes performance and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, 750 fish (initial weight: 10.4 ± 0.5 g) distributed in MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) extract on hepatic enzymes performance and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, 750 fish (initial weight: 10.4 ± 0.5 g) distributed in concrete pools and fed by 5 dietary treatments including 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 percent of alfalfa extract, respectively for 60 days. Serum parameters analysis showed that there was a significant difference between fish fed with alfalfa extract and control group. The highest and lowest levels of serum glucose were observed in treatment 4, and treatment 1 (control), respectively (p < 0.05). The highest level of total serum protein was observed in treatment 2, and the lowest was observed in treatment 5 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between control, treatments 2, and treatment 4 in terms of total serum protein level (p > 0.05). The highest level of serum albumin was recorded in control. Based on the results, different levels of alfalfa extract led to a downward trend in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The highest level of serum phosphorus was observed in treatment 4, and the lowest level was observed in the control (p < 0.05). Serum magnesium levels were also affected by alfalfa extract (p < 0.05). Based on the results, no significant differences were observed between experimental treatments in serum SGOT and SGPT levels during the 60-day experimental feeding period (p > 0.05). The highest level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was in treatment 5 and the lowest level of serum ALP was observed in control (p < 0.05). The highest level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in control and the lowest in treatments 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). Based on the results, 2 percent of alfalfa extract in the diet had the best effects on serum biochemical parameters and hepatic enzymes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Study of Salicylic Acid and Glycine Effect on Some Agronomic Traits of Alfalfa under Wet Stress Conditions
peyman vadizade Mansour Sarajuoghi Seyed mahdi MirtaheriAlfalfa is one of the most important forage plants for livestock. Drought most important factor limiting plant growth in the world and is the most common environmental stress. The external application of extenuating stress can cause immune responses, particularly by pla MoreAlfalfa is one of the most important forage plants for livestock. Drought most important factor limiting plant growth in the world and is the most common environmental stress. The external application of extenuating stress can cause immune responses, particularly by plants. In order to investigate the application of salicylic acid and glycine on alfalfa seed production under water deficit conditions, tests for split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Islamic Azad University of Karaj in the crop year 95-1394 was administered. 5/0 and 1 mM salicylic acid and glycine were 10 and 50 mM. The characteristics such as yield with and without pods, pods per plant and seeds per pod. The results showed that, irrigation, seed yield (with and without pods) and number of seeds per pod (respectively 2/1418, 51/936 kg per hectare and 01/9 digits) and irrigation cut off the flowering the yield (with and without pods) and number of seeds per pod (respectively 4/977, 76/807 kg and 36.6 eggs), respectively. Also sprayed with 50 mM glycine with the highest seed yield (with and without pods) and number of seeds per pod (the order number 4/1440 and 93/945 kg per hectare and 09/10) and was superior in the group treated with non-solution spray the lowest seed yield (with and without pods)) and the number of seeds per pod (2/932 and 73/591, respectively, and 34.6 kg ha number) in the weakest group were analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Effects of salicylic acid and glycine under deficit irrigation on Alfalfa seed production
peyman vadizade mansour sarajuoghi Seyed mahdi MirtaheriAlfalfa (Medicago Sativa) is known as the queen of forage plants green and gold. The most important factor limiting water shortages for agricultural products, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The external application of extenuating stress can cause immune respons MoreAlfalfa (Medicago Sativa) is known as the queen of forage plants green and gold. The most important factor limiting water shortages for agricultural products, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The external application of extenuating stress can cause immune responses, particularly by plants. In order to investigate the application of salicylic acid and glycine on production of alfalfa hay under water deficit conditions, tests for split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of Islamic Azad University of Karaj in the crop year 95-1394 was administered. 5/0 and 1 mM salicylic acid and glycine were 10 and 50 mM. Evaluations consisted of fresh forage yield, number of stems per plant, the distance between the node and leaf dry weight. The results indicate the adverse effect of drought stress on all traits under study and reduce the damaging effects of stress by TkhfyfDhndh materials. Among the different irrigation treatments, the effects of irrigation at the start of the match-rigging more negative impact on most of the traits under study and mitigation of stress treatments, Glaysyn importantly the role of the salicylic acid in reducing the adverse effects played . For example, full irrigation and foliar application of ascorbic acid and glycine at 1 and 50 mM fresh forage yield (84/58 and 46/61 respectively ha) were in the top group and irrigation at the time of flowering and the absence of extenuating sprayed with the lowest forage yield stress (48/28 ha) in the weakest group were analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Performance evaluation of some alfalfa cultivars on different harvest dates
Fayzollah Khalaj Mohammad NasriDifferent varieties of alfalfa respond differently to climatic and environmental conditions. Varieties that can be adapted to the area under cultivation and having high yield and quality performance during different crops and years are suitable. In order to study the ef MoreDifferent varieties of alfalfa respond differently to climatic and environmental conditions. Varieties that can be adapted to the area under cultivation and having high yield and quality performance during different crops and years are suitable. In order to study the effect of variety on different characteristics of alfalfa, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in Varamin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. In this study, five foreign Varieties of alfalfa (Timbale), Fasta, Melissa, Meldor, Sovrana imported from France and Hamedani variety, a total of six cultivars of was cultivated in common cultivars Spring (first decade of May). Qualitative and yield characteristics of the studied varieties in three cut (First cut: harvest at 10% flowering stage, second cut: harvest at 50% flowering stage and third cut: harvest at 100% flowering stage). Results showed that interaction between variety type and harvesting stages was significant on yield of fresh forage and protein at 1% level and on dry forage yield at 5% level. The highest fresh and dry forage yield in all treatments was related to Hamedani variety in first cut (26.69 and 5.45 ton per hectare, respectively). As harvesting stages increased, forage yield decreased. The highest protein yield was related to Hamedani variety in the first cut (776.3 kg/hectare) and the lowest protein yield was in Melissa hectare in third cut (244.9 kg/hectare). Among the studied physical traits, the highest (3.48) and lowest (1.93) leaf area index were observed in Hamedani and Melissa varieties, respectively Manuscript profile
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