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Open Access Article
1 - Survey of Vermi compost Production by Eisenia Fetida of Fruit and Vegetable Waste
maryam daghestani hossein niknamBackground: Today, Vermi compost production process as one of the very good procedures in terms of economic,health, and environmental sustainability to stabilize the organic waste is discussed. The aim of this study was Vermi compost production from fruit and vegetable MoreBackground: Today, Vermi compost production process as one of the very good procedures in terms of economic,health, and environmental sustainability to stabilize the organic waste is discussed. The aim of this study was Vermi compost production from fruit and vegetable organization waste by earthworm (Eisenia Fetida). Methods: In order to evaluate the quantity of produced Eisenia Foetida and Vermi compost an investigation was conducted in Azadi fruit and vegetable organization. The experiment was completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments were fruit, leaf vegetable and lettuce, non leafly vegatables, paper and combination of four treatments, in similar conditions. Results: the amount of Vermi compost significantly increased by fruit, combination and non leafly vegetables. Also the numbers of mature Eisenia Foetida, significantly increased by fruit and combination. But there were no significant differences in number of immature worms. Total weight of mature and immature worms was increased significantly by using fruit, combination and non-leafy vegetables. The highest increase in the average body length of mature worms and the most used waste were observed during the use of fruit treatment. The results showed that Vermi-compost quality treatments examined were in the standard range and only in terms of the organic matter was higher than the standard level. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that using waste of fruit and vegetable for producing compost from Eisenia Foetida is fully justified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Vermicomposting of Domestic Waste Using Eisenia Foetida Erathworm
Mohammad Ali Abduli Mabubeh Hadipour Mehdi Jalili Ghazizade Hossein Ali AsgharniaBackground: The high percentage of putrescible materials in generated waste in Iran, in one hand, and lack of proper lands for sanitary landfilling of waste (specially in the northern parts of the country), in the other hand, along with problems of collection, transport MoreBackground: The high percentage of putrescible materials in generated waste in Iran, in one hand, and lack of proper lands for sanitary landfilling of waste (specially in the northern parts of the country), in the other hand, along with problems of collection, transportation and disposal of waste all make it necessary to think about vermicompost method as an efficient technique for disposal of organic waste. Method: The present study aims to investigate the degradation of domestic waste using specific earthworm ‘Eisenia foetida’. For this purpose, a wooden pilot including three floors was designed. Length, width and height of the pilot were 45, 25 and 65 cm respectively. Then 500 earthworms were collected manually and put on created media in the pilot. The domestic waste was added every week to the pilot, and after 60 days the compost was taken out. Finally, the important parameters in the produced compost were analyzed in the laboratory. Results: The result shows that providing proper situations like temperature range of 20-30 °C and moisture range of 60-75% and also appropriate aeration can lead to creation of a suitable place for the growth of earthworms and consequently conversion of organic wastes to rich compost. The ratio of C/N in the produced vermicompost was 14.53 (range of C/N is 10-20). Conclusion: One of the other advantages of this method is that it can also be used for increasing the earthworms as a food resource for domesticated animals and aquatic creatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Ability of earthworms in organic wastes management
Farzad Mehrjo Mohsen RastakhizOrganic wastes are includes domestic wastes, crop wastes, garden waste, agricultural and food processing industries, poultry and livestock waste, human waste, fruit and vegetable wastes, orchards and farms. One effective and affordable method in organic waste management MoreOrganic wastes are includes domestic wastes, crop wastes, garden waste, agricultural and food processing industries, poultry and livestock waste, human waste, fruit and vegetable wastes, orchards and farms. One effective and affordable method in organic waste management using is earthworms to produce vermicompost fertilizer, in addition to reducing environmental risks; the nature of their turnover in fertilizer consumption has accelerated. Vermicomposting is through decomposition of organic wastes help certain species of earthworms. In general, there are about 3000 species of earthworms in different sizes from 0/6 to 330 cm. Only two species Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus rubellus due to production efficiency and ease of replication are most widely used in the production of vermicompost. Considering limitation of the right places disposal of organic wastes and from hand landfill and incineration adverse effects on public health and the environment, Vermicomposting using biotechnology earthworms a suitable option for is organic waste management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of Culture Medium and Organic Matter on Germination Characteristics of Lemongrass Seeds (Melissa Officinalis L.)
Shima Rahmanian Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Mehdi Hoseini FarahiEvaluation of seed germination characteristics is one of the basic and preliminary studies of medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of culture medium and organic matter on improving the germination characteristics of lemongrass seed MoreEvaluation of seed germination characteristics is one of the basic and preliminary studies of medicinal plants. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of culture medium and organic matter on improving the germination characteristics of lemongrass seeds as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in Jahrom city. The first factor is the culture medium at three levels (compost, soil and vermicompost, compost + vermicompost and vermicompost + soil at equal ratios) and the second factor was organic matter at three levels (control, effective microorganisms (EM) and humic acid 5mlL-1). Germination percentage, rate and mean daily germination, plant vigor and germination index were measured. The results showed that the effect of culture medium, organic matter and the interaction of culture medium and organic matter on all germination characteristics of lemongrass seeds was significant. Highest germination percentage, germination rate, mean daily germination, vigor index and seed germination index were obtained by using EM. The culture medium containing soil + compost and soil + vermicompost alone had the highest germination traits. The interaction of culture medium and organic matter showed that the highest seed germination percentage of 100% was obtained in soil culture medium + compost using EM. The highest germination rate as well as the highest germination index were observed in soil culture medium containing compost + vermicompost using EM. In order to increase germination and improve the seedling quality of lemongrass, the use of EM and the combination of soil + compost for culture medium is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Effect of Culture Medium, Organic Matter and Salinity on the Amount and Active Ingredients of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Essential Oil
Shima Rahmanian Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Mehdi Hoseini FarahiTo study the effect of culture medium, organic matter, and salinity on active compounds of lemon balm, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 3 replications. First factor (culture medium at three levels; compost+arable soil, vermicompo MoreTo study the effect of culture medium, organic matter, and salinity on active compounds of lemon balm, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 3 replications. First factor (culture medium at three levels; compost+arable soil, vermicompost+arable soil, and compost+vermicompost+arable soil), second factor (organic matter; humic acid (HA) and effective microorganisms (EM) both 5 per 1000); and third factor (salinity; tap water, 40 and 80mM). Examination of essential oils by the GC method revealed the presence of 34 compounds. These compounds were affected by substrate and salinity. The major constituents of essential oils including Trans-carveol, Carvacrol acetate, Isoborneol, Isopulegol and γ-3-Carene were observed in the combined substrate of arable soil+compost+vermicompost, and the highest levels of 1,3,8-P-menthatriene, Citronellol, and γ-Terpinene were observed in the combined substrate of arable soil+compost. With increasing salinity, amount of Trans-carveol, Carvacrol acetate, γ-Terpinene, Isoborneol, Citronellol increased, and γ-3-Carene, Isopulegol and 1,3,8-P-menthatriene decreased significantly. The highest percentages of Trans-carveol (21.85), Isoborneol (12.90), Carvacrol acetate (11.78) were observed in the salinity of 80mM in combined substrate of arable soil+compost+ vermicompost. The highest percentage of Citronellol (11.12) and γ-Terpinene (9.87) were recorded under compost substrate. In the control and with a combined substrate of arable soil+compost, the highest percentage of compounds, including 1,3,8,P-menthatriene (9.93) was observed. Finally, the combined substrate of arable soil+compost+vermicompost caused the highest percentages of Isopulegol (8.98) and γ-3-Carene (8.47). Application of HA could increase the main constituents, in lemon balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effects of Water Deficit Stress and Biological and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Two Sorghum Cultivars
Nushin Mohamadzamani Omidali Akbarpour Mani Mojaddam Tayeb Sakinejad Alireza ShokuhfarSorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is one of the most important forage crops in the cereal family. Due to its adaptation to arid condition and high-water use efficiency, it may produce satisfactory seed yields in arid conditions. The present study was conducted in Khorram MoreSorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is one of the most important forage crops in the cereal family. Due to its adaptation to arid condition and high-water use efficiency, it may produce satisfactory seed yields in arid conditions. The present study was conducted in Khorramabad province during two crop years of 2016 - 2017. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-factorial arrangement with four replications. The stress factor was assigned to main plots through three levels of irrigation, normal irrigation, and irrigation at vegetative and reproductive stages, and sub-factor to subplots, consisted of three levels of biofertilizer, soil NPK application, soil vermicompost application, and vermicompost and chemical fertilizer combining with Sepideh and Kimia cultivars. Initially, combined analysis of variance was performed. Due to the lack of significant year effect and its interaction effects by different factors, analysis of variances was performed on two years data. The effects of stress and the interaction effects of cultivar by stress and fertilizer on some traits were measured. It was found that the quantitative, qualitative and phonological indices of sorghum were directly negatively affected by stress at the reproductive stage. On the other hand, the effect of vermicompost fertilizer on the studied traits was significant and positive. Sepideh possessed the highest vahues for those traits except for protein percent, in comparison to Kimia. Grain yield was about 8 ton at irrigation-interrupt during vegetative stage for Sepideh and 4.36 t.ha-1 for Kimia, but grain yield at irrigation-interrupt during reproductive stage was 7.67 and 4.45 t.ha-1 for Sepideh and Kimia, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of Vermicompost Fertilizer Application on Physiological Characteristics of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Genotypes in Two Sowing Dates
Elnaz Samadzadeh ghale joughi Eslam Majidi Hervan Amir Hoseain Shirani Rad Ghorban NoormohammadiTo investigate the effect of vermicompost fertilizer application on physiological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in different sowing dates, an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design arranged in factorial split plot wit MoreTo investigate the effect of vermicompost fertilizer application on physiological characteristics of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in different sowing dates, an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design arranged in factorial split plot with three replicates. The factorial combination of two sowing dates 17 and 27 October, considered as optimum and late sowing dates, respectively and two vermicompost rates, 0 and 20 t.ha-1 were allocated to the main plots and six canola genotypes (BAL104, DIE710.08, BAL102, FJL290, FJL330, Okapi) were randomized in sub-plots. The results indicated that seed yield, yield components, seed oil percentage and fatty acid compositions increased in all genotypes by different sowing dates. The highest seed yield (5853 and 5762 kg.ha-1), seed oil percentage (43.98 and 43.85%), oleic acid (65.23 and 64.93%) and linoleic acid (20.51 and 20.37%) were produced at optimum sowing date by FJL290 and BAL102 lines, which represent a high potential of this genotypes under this sowing date. In addition, application of vermicompost increased all traits under study. The result olso indicated that FJL290 and BAL102 lines can produce the highest seed and oil yields in the region, if the seeds were sown at 17 October 17th and application of 20 t.ha-1 of vermicompost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect Organic Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Sistan Region
Tahmineh Mir Arab Esa Piri Abolfazl Tavassoli Mehdi BabaeiyanTo evaluation the effect of manure, compost and vormicompost on yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum), a pot experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications in Zabol, Sistan, in 2013. Bio fertilizer treatments consiste MoreTo evaluation the effect of manure, compost and vormicompost on yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum), a pot experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications in Zabol, Sistan, in 2013. Bio fertilizer treatments consisted of seven levels: F1= control (no fertilizer), F2= 20% vormicompost, F3= 40% vormicompost, F4= 20% compost, F5= 40% compost, F6= 20% manure and F7= 40% manure. Traits measured were plant high, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry weight, essence content and yield. The results showed that the use of bio fertilizer significantly improved the quantity and quality basil characters. Treatments had a significant effect on most of the measured traits and increased all of the traits as compared to thos of control. Thus, with the exceotion of 1000 grain weight, highest amounts were obtained for plant height, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry weight, essence content and essence yield by using 40% vormicompost and lowest to those of control treatment. Our results also showed that increasing vermicompost, compost and manure from 20% to 40% increased plant height, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, dry matter and essence percent. Generally, the use of organic fertilizers, as compared with not using them, produced optimum quality and quantity of basil. As a whole, it can be said that using bio fertilizers may help to achieve sustainable agriculture goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effects of Using Organic and Biological Fertilizer Along with Lower Rate of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer on Quality and Quantity of Rice Yield
Norollah Kheyri Yousof Niknejad Maryam AbbasalipourTo investigate the possibility of increasing the quantity and quality rice yield (var. Tarom Hashemi) by application of organic and biologic fertilizers with lower rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, a field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block de MoreTo investigate the possibility of increasing the quantity and quality rice yield (var. Tarom Hashemi) by application of organic and biologic fertilizers with lower rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, a field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications in Amol in 2014-2015. Experimental treatments were: T1: control or no fertilizer application, T2: nitrogen fertilizer application of 46 kg.ha-1, T3: azolla compost application of 10 ton.ha-1, T4: vermicompost application of 10 ton.ha-1, T5: nitrogen fertilizer of 23 kg.ha-1 + azolla compost of 5 ton.ha-1, T6: nitrogen fertilizer of 23 kg.ha-1 + vermicompost of 5 ton.ha-1, T7: azolla compost of 5 ton.ha-1 + vermicompost of 5 ton.ha-1 and T8: nitrogen fertilizer of 12 kg.ha-1 + azolla compost of 5 ton.ha-1 + vermicompost of 5 ton.ha-1. Results showed that the percent of sterile floret per panicle increased (13.95%) by not using fertilizer. The highest panicle length (25.47 cm), number of fertile tiller per hill (18.30) and filled grain number per panicle (136.1) belonged to treatment no. T8. Treatments of T3 and T4 resulted in highest 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (5295 kg.ha-1) was produced by combined application of nitrogen fertilizer, azolla compost and vermicompost. This was due to the increased panicle length and yield components such as number of fertile tiller per hill and filled grain number per panicle. Amylose content decreased under the combined treatments. The optimum range of gelatinization temperature (ranging between 3 to 5) were observed only in treatments containing chemical nitrogen fertilizer. According to the results of this research, the treatment no. T8, due to reduced nitrogen chemical fertilizer application and its lower environmental impacts was considered to be the best treatment for increasing the grain yield of rice. Although, the combined application of nitrogen with any of the biologic or organic fertilizers, especially azolla, had a significant effect on improvement of seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of Sulphur and Vermicompost Application on Agronomic Traits of Hubbit Cultivar of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Somayeh Shahrusvand Hamid Reza Eisvand Farhad Nazarian Firozabadi Mohammad FeizianTo study the effect of sulphur and vermicompost application on morphological and agronomic traits of soybean (Hubbit Cultivar), an experiment was carried out at Aligudarz city, Lorestan province, Iran in 2017. The experimental design was two-factor split-plot design bas MoreTo study the effect of sulphur and vermicompost application on morphological and agronomic traits of soybean (Hubbit Cultivar), an experiment was carried out at Aligudarz city, Lorestan province, Iran in 2017. The experimental design was two-factor split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors were vermicompost as the main factor with three levels (0, 4 and 8 ton.ha-1) and sulphur fertilizer as a sub-factor with three levels (0, 250 and 500 kg.ha-1). The results indicated that the main and interaction effects of vermicompost and sulphur on plant height, stem number per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, protein yield, oil yield, grain yield, biological yield and soybean harvest index were significant. The highest plant height belonged to the application of 4 tons per hectare of vermicompost alomg with 250 kg.ha-1 sulphur fertilizer (76.52 cm) and the lowest to not using vermicompost and sulphur (control) (61.50 cm). The highest 100 seed weight, protein yield, oil yield, seed yield and harvest index were produced from 8 tons per hectare of vermicompost and 250 kg.ha-1 sulphur fertilizer respectively (20.86 g, 475.25 kg.ha-1, 787.58 kg.ha-1, 252.250 kg.ha-1, 34.13%) and their lowest values from application of fertilizers of vermicompost and sulphur (control) respectively (12.05 g, 443.26 kg.ha-1, 243.66 kg.ha-1, 1440.11 kg.ha-1, 31.44%, respectively). The results also showed that simultaneous use of vermicompost and sulphur fertilizers at levels of 8 tons and 250 kg.ha-1 was the best treatment for increasing soybean yield under experimental climatic conditions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Yield and Yield Components of Vetch (Vigna radiata) as Affected by the Use of Vermicompost and Phosphate Bio-fertilizer
Mohammad Mehdi Rahimi Alireza HashemiTo evaluate the effects different levels of phosphate biofertilizer barvar-2 and vermi compost on yield and yield components of vetch plant (Vigna radiata L.)in Yasouj a factorial experiments was performed in completely randomized design in crop year of 2013. Experiment MoreTo evaluate the effects different levels of phosphate biofertilizer barvar-2 and vermi compost on yield and yield components of vetch plant (Vigna radiata L.)in Yasouj a factorial experiments was performed in completely randomized design in crop year of 2013. Experimental treatments were phosphate biofertilizer barvar-2 at 3 levels (0, 50, 100 gram per hectare) and vermicompost at 4 levels (0, 10, 20, 30 ton per hectare). In this study stem height, root length, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index was measured. ANOVA and comparison of means showed that vermicompost significantly increased stem height, economic and biological yields. Results, also, indicated that highest yield and biomass, 4.3 and 18.8 g/plant, observed respectively when 100 g/ha of barvar-2 and 30 t/ha of vermi compost were used. Using both of phosphate biofertilizer barvar-2 and vermicompost was better than their individnal usage. This indicates that combined use of these 2 factors would produce higher yield. It can be concluded that application of 100 g/ha of barvar-2 and 30 t/ha of vermicompost would a proper recommendation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components and Essential Oil Content of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) with the Use of Nitrogen and Vermicompost
Alireza Pazoki Hamidreza Tavakoli Haghighat Abolfazl Rashidi AslEnvironmenal problems resulting from application of nitrogen fertilizers in the production plant materials led agricultural specialists to use clean and alternative methods to towards the organic farming and use of organic fertilizers. In this study, thus, the effect of MoreEnvironmenal problems resulting from application of nitrogen fertilizers in the production plant materials led agricultural specialists to use clean and alternative methods to towards the organic farming and use of organic fertilizers. In this study, thus, the effect of nitrogen and vermicompost fertilizer rates on yield, yield components, essential oil content and some morphological traits of marigold was studied in a split plot experiment based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications in Shahr-e-Rey region during 2013 growing season. Nitrogen rates with 3 levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg.ha-1) were assigned to main plots and vermicompost with 3 levels (0, 10, and 20 t.ha-1) to the sub plots. Mean comparison of simple effects indicated that the plants treated with 120 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and 20 t.ha-1 organic fertilizer vermicompost produced higher trait values under study than control (non application of vermincompost). Interaction effect of experimented factors was significant on all traits under evaluation. Thus, highest seed yield (1567 kg.ha-1), biological yield (6664 kg.ha-1) and essential oil yield (8.85 kg.ha-1) obtained by the application of 120 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and 20 t.ha-1 varmicompost. Based on the results obtained it could be said that nitrogen and vermicompost may improve seed and biological yield and yield components of marigold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of Irrigation Regimes and Use of Organic Fertilizers on Qualitive and Quantitive Yield of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Rana Gholinezhad Alireza Sirousmehr Baratali FakheriTo study the effects of irrigation regimes and organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost) on mucilage percentage and some quality characteristics of borago (Borago officinalis) a field experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete MoreTo study the effects of irrigation regimes and organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost) on mucilage percentage and some quality characteristics of borago (Borago officinalis) a field experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran during 2012. Irrigation regimes were S1: 100% FC, as control, S2: 80% FC (moderate stress) and S3: 60% FC (severe stress) and application of organic fertilizers: N1: without fertilizer as control, N2: 40 t.ha-1 compost, N3: 4 t.ha-1 vermicompost were assigned to main plots and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that N, P and K, as well as the amount of chlorophyll a, carotenoid and total chlorophyll content decreased with increasing drought stress, but decreasing effects of fertilizers levels on traits were not high. Stress conditions and application of compost increased sodium percentage. By increasing drought stress, soluble carbohydrates and mucilage percent also increased. Highest mucilage percent (2.37) was obtained from moderate stress treatment. Highest total dry yield (13.48 t.ha-1) was also due to non-stress conditions. This was not significantly different mild stress. Application of organic fertilizers, particularly compost, resulted in greater performance. It can be concluded that acceptable yield of dry borage and higher mucilage percent can be obtained from irrigation at 80 percent field capacity and use of compost in Zabol climatic condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Deficit Water Stress on Some Growth Indices and Yield of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in Response to the Zeolite and Nitrogen Fertilizer
Abolfazl Baghbani Arani Seyyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar Ali Mokhtassi BidgoliThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of water deficit stress, nitrogen fertilizer and zeolite on growth parameters, biomass and seed yield of fenugreek. A split factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was c MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of water deficit stress, nitrogen fertilizer and zeolite on growth parameters, biomass and seed yield of fenugreek. A split factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2014 and 2015. Five irrigation regimes (unstressed, mild stresses during the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively; severe stresses during the vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively) were randomized to the main plots. Subplots consisted of six treatments of a factorial combination of three levels of nitrogen fertilizations (untreated plots, vermicompost fertilizer at a rate of 2.7 t.ha-1 and nitrogen chemical fertilizer at a rate of 11 kg.ha-1) and two rates of zeolite (0 and 9 t.ha-1). In both years, increasing severity of water deficiet stresses reduced leaf area index, crop growth rate, plant height, biological and seed yield of fenugreek; Thus, severe water deficit stress at the reproductive stage without fertilizer and zeolite (with the least amount of biological and grain yield) compared with that of control, caused 60.96 and 48.09 percent reduction in biological yield and 80.18 and 75.62 percent reduction in grain yield, in both years, respectively. Application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially vermicompost, resulted in a significant increase in the leaf area index, crop growth rate of fenugreek in various stages of development, thereby increased biological and grain yield in different irrigation regimes. In various irrigation regimes, higher leaf area index, crop growth rate and finally more yield produced with application of vermicompost or zeolite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of Fertilizers Containing Nitrogen on Yield and Mucilage of Isabgol (Plantago ovata L.) in Irrigation and Cutting off Irrigation
Amir Toghraei Bahram Mirshekari Jahanfar Daneshian Hamdollah Kazemi Arbat Mehrzad i Mohasses MostasharThis experiment carried out during 2010-11 and 2011-12 cropping years to study the effect of variant levels of fertilizers containing nitrogen, normal irrigation and irrigation hindering on some agronomical characteristics of isabgol, in Smaeel-Abad Agriculture Research MoreThis experiment carried out during 2010-11 and 2011-12 cropping years to study the effect of variant levels of fertilizers containing nitrogen, normal irrigation and irrigation hindering on some agronomical characteristics of isabgol, in Smaeel-Abad Agriculture Research Center of Qazvin. The research was carried out by using two split plot experiments based on randomized complete block designs with three replications. The experiments were repeated for two consecutive years and finally the research results were performed by combined analysis. Main plots were normal irrigation (I1) and cutting off irrigation during seed filling stage (I2), sub plots were nitrogen containing fertilizers: vermicompost, cattle manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46%) with three levels, containing 30, 60 and 90 kg.ha-1 of pure nitrogen. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen containing fertilizers on mucilage yield (P≤0.01) and mucilage percentage (P≤0.05) were significant. Interactions of irrigation × nitrogen containing fertilizers on biological yield and relative water content (P≤0.05), seed yield and 1000 seed weight (P≤0.01) were also significant. According to results of this research; the highest application level of vermicompost in normal irrigation condition, showed better results for production of isabgol plant in the research area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effect of Vermicompost and Liquid Seaweed Fertilizer on Morpho-physiological Properties of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
Milad Heydari Amir Mohammad Daneshian Moghaddam Hassan NourafcanMarigold is an ornamental and medicinal plant and has also industrial in cosmetalogical uses. To evaluate the effects of vermicompost and seaweed fertilizers on some morpho-physiological properties of the plant, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete bloc MoreMarigold is an ornamental and medicinal plant and has also industrial in cosmetalogical uses. To evaluate the effects of vermicompost and seaweed fertilizers on some morpho-physiological properties of the plant, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications was conducted in pot in Mianeh. In this experiment, the first factor was vermicompost fertilizer at four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t.ha-1) added to the pot soil and the second factor was for levels of liquid seaweed fertilizer (0, 1, 2 and 3 percent) sprayed on foliage. The assessed traits were leaf, root and stem dry weights, root volume, number of secondary shoots, plant height, leaf number, flowering period, number of flowers, flower diameter, dry weight of flowers, leaves electrolyte leakage, leaf area (LA) and essential oil percentage and yield. The results showed that application of vermicompost increased some traits, including plant height (18.58 cm), number of branches (4.3 branches), root volume (3.4 cm³) and leaf area index (65.55 cm2). Using 3 percent of liquid seaweed fertilizer was also effective. In general, application of 5 tons per hectare of vermicompost with 3 percent of liquid seaweed fertilizer resulted in highest flower and stem dry weights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigating functional characteristics and selective rumen and blood metabolites in lambs fed diets containing vermicomposting feed
kian sadeghi اکبر Taghizadeh حمید Mohamadzadeh kh Parsaeimehr حسین Janmohamadi وحید VeghariThe present study was conducted to study the effects of replacing soybean meal with vermicomposting feed on growth performance and selective rumen and blood metabolites of fattening lambs. For this experiment, 16 male mixed breed lambs (Ghezel-Moghani) with an average i MoreThe present study was conducted to study the effects of replacing soybean meal with vermicomposting feed on growth performance and selective rumen and blood metabolites of fattening lambs. For this experiment, 16 male mixed breed lambs (Ghezel-Moghani) with an average initial weight of 20.5 ± 2.5 kg were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates and 4 lambs in each replicate.The experimental diets, consisting of 0, 33, 67 and 100 percent vermicomposting feed replaced soybean meal. Lambs were fed freely with a diet containing 30% forage and 70% concentrate. Duration of the fattening period was 90 days. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) among the treatments in terms of final weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion ration. The data from the rumen metabolites indicated that diets had no effect on pH and fatty acids (p<0.05). But feed samples with 100% vermicomposting significantly increased rumen ammonia nitrogen and fatty acid acetate (p<0.05). Replacing soybean meal with vermicomposting feed did not have a significant effect on blood metabolites with the exception of blood urea nitrogen which showed a slight linear increase numerically. The results of this study shows that vermicomposting feed containing high nutrients can be a suitable replacement for soybean meal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effect of Vermicompost and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Morphological Traits, Percentage and Essential Oil Yield of Melissa Officinalis
hossein rezvani nastaran hemmatiIn order to study the effect of organic (vermicompost) and chemical (nitrogen) fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Melissa Officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications in MoreIn order to study the effect of organic (vermicompost) and chemical (nitrogen) fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Melissa Officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications in the Research Field of Golestan Research and Training Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Experimental factors included vermicompost at four levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 tons ha-1) and urea fertilizer with 46% nitrogen at four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). Results showed that vermicompost had a significant effect on morphological characteristics and percentage of essential oil of Melissa Officinalis. The highest plant height, number of branches, leaf length and width, fresh weight, dry weight, and percentage of essential oil was obtained in application of 7.5 ton/ha vermicompost. Also, there was a significant difference between different levels of urea fertilizer so that the percentage of essential oil significantly increased when the fertilizer was applied. The highest amount of essential oil (0.49%) was obtained in simultaneous application of vermicompost (7.5 tons ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg ha-1) which was 38% higher than control. In general, the results showed that application of vermicompost with nitrogen increases shoot growth and dry matter production, ultimately increases the yield quantity, and significantly improves the yield of Melissa Officinalis essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - vEvaluation of the effect of vermicompost and salinity stress on the pigments content and some biochemical characteristics of Borage (Borago Officinalis L.)
Ahmad Afkari Parvin FarajpourIn order to investigate the effects of salinity and vermicompost on the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic pigments of Borage officinalis L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. The study MoreIn order to investigate the effects of salinity and vermicompost on the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic pigments of Borage officinalis L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. The study treatments consist of four vermicompost levels (0, 5, 10, and 15% wt potted soil in dry weight) and four salinity levels 0 (control), 4, 8, and 12 ds/m sodium chloride. The results of analysis of variance showed a considerable influence of salinity stress and vermicompost on the activity level of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total chlorophyll enzymes. Other results indicated that with increasing salinity, the activity level of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments increased and decreased, respectively. Also, use of vermicompost fertilizer raised the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids significantly compared to the control. Comparison of means of the interactions between salinity stress and vermicompost showed that the maximum antioxidant enzymes activity was obtained in 15 wt % vermicompost treatment at the salinity level of 12 ds/m NaCl. Therefore, the use of vermicompost as an organic fertilizer, in addition to increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments, can be a good way to reduce the negative effects of high levels of sodium and chloride ions in soils on the growth of borage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of culture medium on growth and salt tolerance of goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.)
Masoud Dashti Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani Mostafa Shirmardi Ali MomenpourGoldenrain-tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.) is a woody perennial ornamental tree, mainly used for landscape purposes. The aim of this study was investigation salt tolerance of this plant and the effect of cow manure and vermicompost on plant growth and increasing th MoreGoldenrain-tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.) is a woody perennial ornamental tree, mainly used for landscape purposes. The aim of this study was investigation salt tolerance of this plant and the effect of cow manure and vermicompost on plant growth and increasing the salt tolerance of two-year plants. In a factorial experiment and completely randomized design (CRD), three levels of organic amendments (soil, 80% v/v soil + 20% v/v vermicompost, and 80% v/v soil + 20% v/v cow manure) and three levels of salinity (1, 4, and 7 dS.m-1) with three replications per treatments in greenhouse were applied. In this experiment, media without organic amendment was were considered as control and stress duration was three months. Results showed that increasing soil salinity levels progressively decreased the number of shoots and fresh and dry weights of roots, shoots, and whole plant while it increased activity of peroxidase and sodium and chloride uptake. Vermicompost treatment increased fresh and dry weights of shoots, roots, and whole plant, peroxidase, sodium, potassium, and chloride uptake more than control and cow manure. The highest fresh and dry weights of shoots, roots, and whole plant as well as sodium potassium and chloride uptake were obtained in salinity level of 4 ds/m and under vermicompost treatment. Generally, application of vermicompost increased growth characteristics and salt tolerance of goldenrain tree better than cow manure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of nutritional treatments on some morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss.
Sudabeh Mafakheri Rahman Hallaj Roghayeh AminianIn order to study the effects of applying chemical and biofertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss., a factorial CRD experiment including 18 treatments with 4 replications, was conducted at Imam Khomeini Internatio MoreIn order to study the effects of applying chemical and biofertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss., a factorial CRD experiment including 18 treatments with 4 replications, was conducted at Imam Khomeini International University research greenhouse. The treatments were: vermicompost (0, 10 and 20 V/V), phosphate biofertilizer (application and no-application) and chemical fertilizer (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended amount equal to 0, 0.48 and 0.96 gr/pot respectively).The essential oil was extracted by hydro distilation method by using a clevenger apparatus and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, number of inflorescences per plant, fresh and dry weight and the highest percentage of essential oil were obtained as a result of using 20% vermicompost. Plants treated by 50% of recommended NPK+20% vermicompost showed the highest rate of photosynthesis and transpiration. The maximum nitrogen concentration in leaf tissue was obtained from applying 100% of the recommended amount of NPK+biophosphate. Applying 100% recommended NPK+20% vermicompost, resulted in higher phosphorus concentration in leaves. The highest concentration of potassium in leaves was obtained from plants treated with 20% vermicompost. 26 different compounds were identified in the essential oil among them limonene and verbenone were the main components. The highest amounts of these two compounds were obtained under 20% vermicompost treatment. According to the results vermicompost is an efficient substitute for chemical fertilizers in production of D.kotschyi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Influence of different levels of organic fertilizers application on quantitative and biochemical traits of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand
mahdi ghesmati Farid MoradinezhadDue to unawareness of production method, improper uses and too much harvested this plant (Salvia mirzayanii ) natural of southern arenas, it seems that developing plans for its production is necessary. The experiment was carried out in the field research of Jahad Agricu MoreDue to unawareness of production method, improper uses and too much harvested this plant (Salvia mirzayanii ) natural of southern arenas, it seems that developing plans for its production is necessary. The experiment was carried out in the field research of Jahad Agricultural Center of Larestan, Fars province duoring winter 2017. The effects of different organic fertilizers including sheep manure (20 and 40 ton/ha), cow manure (20 and 40 ton/ha), compost (10 and 20 ton/ha), vermicompost (20 and 40 ton/ha) and control on physicochemical and quality traits Salvia mirzayanii were investigated in a complete random block design with four replications. Early in April, all vegetative organs of plants were harvested and dry and fresh weight of plantwere measureal. Also, the amount of total antioxidant, phenol and flavnoide of leaves were determinal spectrophtometi while essential oil percentage were determined distillation method with water and by Clevenger apparatus. The results showed that highest fresh and dry weight of the plant was obtained from the treatment of 10 ton/ha of compost. The highest amount of antioxidants, phenol and flavonoid total were observed in 40 ton/ha of cow manure treatment. Among applied the treatments only 10 ton/ha vermicompost significantly increased the amount of essential oil compared to control. In general greater fresh and dry weight of plant increased by compost fertilizers. Effect of manure on phytochemicals was higher than compost, and essential oil value of plant increased only by vermicompost application Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Soybean Photosynthesis Responses, Yield, And Grain Quality Affected by Vermicompost And Sulfur
somayeh shahrusvand Hamid Reza Eisvand Farhad Nazarian Firouzabadi Mohammad Feizian -
Open Access Article
24 - اثر عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره بر رشد دراسنا مارژیناتا
علی محبوب خمامیاین مطالعه اثر عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره (عصاره آبی) را بر عملکرد و کیفیت شیمیایی دراسنا مارژیناتا رقم سه رنگ مورد بررسی قرار داد، که در طی آن گیاه تحت تاثیر چهار غلظت محلول عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره (0، 250، 500 و 1000 پی پی ام) پرورش داده شد. عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره Moreاین مطالعه اثر عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره (عصاره آبی) را بر عملکرد و کیفیت شیمیایی دراسنا مارژیناتا رقم سه رنگ مورد بررسی قرار داد، که در طی آن گیاه تحت تاثیر چهار غلظت محلول عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره (0، 250، 500 و 1000 پی پی ام) پرورش داده شد. عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره با استفاده از روش استخراج بدون هوادهی، با نسبت حجمی1:10 از ورمی کمپوست خاک اره با آب تهیه شده و سه بار با فاصله دو هفته ای روی گیاهان دراسنا مارژیناتا اسپری شد. عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره نسبت به شاهد مواد معدنی مانند نیتروژن (36/2%)، فسفر (42/0%)، پتاسیم (31/2%)، کلسیم (76/2%) و منیزیم (23/0%) را در گیاهان بهبود بخشید. اختلاف در عملکرد و کیفیت شیمیایی گیاهان در تیمارها تا حد زیادی از طریق تفاوت در جذب ازت در بافت و تجمع ماده خشک توضیح داده می شود. هنگامی که عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره بر روی گیاهان دارسنا مارژیناتا اسپری شد، رشد قابل توجهی در گیاهان مشاهده شد. سه بار اسپری عصاره ورمی کمپوست با غلظت 1000پی پی ام بیشترین تاثیر را بر عملکرد دراسنا مارژیناتا نشان داد. گیاهان کشت شده در گلدان که با 1000 پی پی ام عصاره استخراج شده از ورمی کمپوست اسپری شده بودند، بیشترین ارتفاع (33/15 سانتی متر)، تعداد برگ (00/53)، وزن تر ساقه (00/66 گرم) و وزن خشک ساقه (90/13 گرم) را نسبت به تیمار شاهد( 05/0 (P < داشتند. بنابراین برای به دست آوردن عملکرد بالاتر دراسنا باید مورد پذیرش قرار گیرد. این مطالعه نشان داده که عصاره ورمی کمپوست خاک اره می تواند تاثیر مثبت بر عملکرد گیاه داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - تغییر رشد و فیزیولوژی گیاه گل داوودی (Chrysanthemum morifolium ) در اثر بهکارگیری کودهای مختلف
Zahra Oraghi Ardebili Payam Sharifiبهمنظور ارزیابی و مقایسه پاسخ گیاه گل داوودی Chrysanthemum morifolium (یک گیاه زینتی مهم)، به کودهای مختلف معدنی، نانو کلاته و یا بیولوژیک، تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. دانه رستها با سطوح مختلف ورمی کمپوست (0 و 40 درصد)، نانو کلات روی (0 و 1/0 درصد) و Moreبهمنظور ارزیابی و مقایسه پاسخ گیاه گل داوودی Chrysanthemum morifolium (یک گیاه زینتی مهم)، به کودهای مختلف معدنی، نانو کلاته و یا بیولوژیک، تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. دانه رستها با سطوح مختلف ورمی کمپوست (0 و 40 درصد)، نانو کلات روی (0 و 1/0 درصد) و یا سولفات روی (0 و 2/0 درصد) تیمار شدند. تیمارهای نانو روی و سولفات روی به روش اسپری 3 بار بافاصله 2 هفته انجام شد. در مقایسه با شاهد، کودهای بکار گرفتهشده، به مقدار معنیداری نرخ رشد و تجمع زیست توده را افزایش دادند و مقادیر بالاتری از سطح برگی و وزنتر و وزن خشک (به ترتیب 41، 39 و 28 درصد) در نمونههای تیمار شده ثبت شد که در بین تیمارها، تیمار همزمان نانو روی و ورمی کمپوست مؤثرترین تیمار بود. بهکارگیری ترکیبی کودهای بیولوژیک و معدنی منجر به افزایش رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی (حدود 53 درصد) در گیاهان تیمار شده نسبت به شاهد شد. بهجز تیمار تنهای سولفات روی، بقیه تیمارها منجر به افزایش معنیدار میزان پرولین برگ (به طور متوسط 51 درصد) در مقایسه با نمونههای شاهد شد. به طور مشابهی، بهکارگیری همزمان ورمی کمپوست و نانوروی موجب افرایش محتوای پرولین ریشه حدود 82 درصد شد. بیشترین میزان فنول محلول برگ در گروه Nano Zn-V ثبت شد (3/3 برابر بیشتر از شاهد). بااینوجود، تغییرات فراوان در ریشه فقط در اثر ورمی کمپوست رخ داد (تقریبا 49 درصد). درنتیجه، بهکارگیری همزمان خاکی کودهای بیولوژیک مثل ورمی کمپوست به همراه بهکارگیری برگی کودهای نانو میتواند بهعنوان یک روش مناسب ازنظر زیستمحیطی برای تحریک نرخ رشد و متابولیسم گیاه باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Studying the Effect of Seed Priming on the Growth and Yield of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Under Different Levels of Vermicompost
Farzin SaeedzadehThe present study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of the essential oil of marigold plant under seed priming with Azospirillum and humic acid under different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of mari MoreThe present study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of the essential oil of marigold plant under seed priming with Azospirillum and humic acid under different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of marigold essential oil, factorial based on a randomized complete block design in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Astara branch was done. The test treatments included seed priming including Azospirillum brazilense bacteria, humic acid, Azospirillum + humic acid and control and different levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1). The results showed that some traits such as chlorophyll a, anthocyanin, essential oil yield and biological yield were affected by vermicompost interaction and seed priming. But plant height, number of seeds and flowers, flower weight, seed weight, essential oil amount and total chlorophyll were affected by the main effect of vermicompost, but seed priming was not significant on some of these traits. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a and total, biological yield, essential oil yield and dry weight of flowers were obtained from humic acid + Azospirillum treatment under the application of 10 t vermicompost ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Marigold: The Possibilty Using Vermicompost as the Growth Mediu
F. Shadanpour A. Mohammadi Torkashvand K. Hashemi MajdIn order to investigation of vermicompost effect on growth and yield of marigold in pot medium, an experiment was done by a randomized completely block design in three raplications. Treatmnets were included control (30% v/v of soil plus 70% v/v of sand) and three levels MoreIn order to investigation of vermicompost effect on growth and yield of marigold in pot medium, an experiment was done by a randomized completely block design in three raplications. Treatmnets were included control (30% v/v of soil plus 70% v/v of sand) and three levels of vermicompost (20, 40, 60 % v/v of vermicompost+30% v/v of sand and soil) that applied in three lit. pots. Marigold seeds (Tagetes erecta cv. Tiashan) were planted in media. The shoots were cut and it was measured the bush heigh, the lateral branches, size and flower weight, dry weight of shoot, and the concertretion of nutrient elements. The results showed that added vermicompost to the growth media tend to improve the growth and yield of marigold than in the control. The Vermicompost (60%) had the highest weight, size and dry weight of shoot, but the maximum bush height was obtained by 20% vermicompost. The most lateral branches was belong to 40% vermicompost treatment. The results showed that the plants which cultivated on 60% vermicompost medium had the most amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium. The most amount of potassium was ralated to 40% vermicompost treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - انتخاب بستر کشت و روش تغذیه مناسب برای دستیابی به رشد مطلوب آروکاریای زینتی
هاجر عاشورزاده علی محمدی ترکاشوند علی محبوب خمامیبه دلیل عدم دانش علمی اثبات شده در به­کار­گیری بستر کشت و روش بهتر تغذیه، تعیین مناسب­ترین بستر کشت و روش تغذیه برای این گیاه از اهمیت فراوانی برخوردار است. این تحقیق جهت مقایسه روش متداول کوددهی واستفاده ازنانو کودآهن بررشدوعملکرد کاج مطبق با استفاده از &nb Moreبه دلیل عدم دانش علمی اثبات شده در به­کار­گیری بستر کشت و روش بهتر تغذیه، تعیین مناسب­ترین بستر کشت و روش تغذیه برای این گیاه از اهمیت فراوانی برخوردار است. این تحقیق جهت مقایسه روش متداول کوددهی واستفاده ازنانو کودآهن بررشدوعملکرد کاج مطبق با استفاده از 6 روش تغذیه و 3 بستر کشت متفاوت به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. در این آزمایش نشاهای کاج آروکاریای زینتی پس از انتخاب نوع بستر به گلدان­های 4 لیتری انتقال یافتند و در گلخانه­ای مسقف با محدوده دمایی 17 تا 19 درجه سانتی­گراد در شب و 21 تا 23 درجه سانتی­گراد در روز نگهداری شدند. برخی از فاکتور­های رشد نظیر ارتفاع بوته، طول شاخه­های جانبی، قطر ساقه، طول ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه و وزن تر و خشک کل بوته و غلظت برخی عناصر غذایی در برگ اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که از بین تیمارهای بستر کشت تیمار A3 (25% کوکوپیت+ 25% ورمی­کمپوست+ 25% خاک سبک+ 25% پرلیت) در اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی (طول شاخه جانبی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، وزن خشک کل بوته، فسفر و آهن اندام هوایی)، مناسب­ترین بستر کشت برای نهال­های ریشه­دار این گیاه ارزشمند زینتی می­باشد. از نظر تغذیه با ترکیب­های مختلف کودی، تیمار B3 (فریلن)+20-20-20)NPK + فسفات دی آمونیم+ سولفات پتاسیم+ سولفات آمونیم) به دلیل داشتن اکثر عناصر و هم چنین منابع غذایی مورد نیاز در برخی صفات (طول شاخه جانبی، وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن تر کل بوته، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و وزن خشک کل) دارای برتری می­باشد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار A3B2 (25% کوکوپیت+ 25% ورمی کمپوست+ 25% خاک سبک+ 25% پرلیت) به همراه فسفات دی آمونیم، سولفات پتاسیم و سولفات آمونیم از نظر برخی فاکتور­های رشد نظیر وزن تر اندام هوایی و ریشه، وزن تر کل و وزن خشک کل نسبت به سایر تیمار­ها دارای برتری می­باشد و برای تولید کنندگان گیاهان زینتی قابل توصیه است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - اثر بسترهای کشت حاوی مواد آلی و دروه آبیاری بر رشد کاج مطبق (Araucaria excelsa L.)
علی محمدی ترکاشوند مهدی میثاقی فاطمه رمضان زاده بیشه گالیآروکاریای زینتی L. Araucaria excelsa از خانواده Araucariaceae از جمله سوزنیبرگان زیبا است که دارای اهمیت اقتصادی بالایی در صنعت گل­کاری میباشد. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای­ کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور: رژیم آبیاری شامل I1 (آبیاری دو روزه )، I2 ( Moreآروکاریای زینتی L. Araucaria excelsa از خانواده Araucariaceae از جمله سوزنیبرگان زیبا است که دارای اهمیت اقتصادی بالایی در صنعت گل­کاری میباشد. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای­ کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور: رژیم آبیاری شامل I1 (آبیاری دو روزه )، I2 (آبیاری چهار روزه)، I3(آبیاری شش روزه) و بسترکشت شاملM1 (کوکوپیت 100%)، M2 (کمپوست زباله شهری 100%)، M3(ورمیکمپوست 100%)، M4 ( 25% کوکوپیت + 25% پرلیت+ 25% خاک سبک+ 25% کمپوست زباله شهری)، M5 (25% کوکوپیت+ 25% ورمی کمپوست+ 25% خاک سبک+ 25% پرلیت )، M6 (25% ورمی کمپوست + 25% کمپوست زباله شهری + 25% خاک سبک + 25% پرلیت )، با 18 تیمار در سه تکرار طراحی و اجرا شد. صفات اندازهگیری شده در این آزمایش شامل ارتفاع بوته از طوقه، تعداد شاخههای جانبی، اندازه فاصله طبقات، تعداد طبقات، طول شاخههای جانبی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن تر ساقه، وزن تر کل، وزن خشک ریشه، وزن خشک ساقه و وزن خشک کل بود. نتایج نشان داد شاخص­های رشد در بستر 100% ورمیکمپوست افزایش یافت. این تیمار به همراه آبیاری دو روز بهترین تیمار در رشد گیاه محسوب شد. بستر کشت مذکور در مقایسه با بسترهای دیگر پاسخ بهتری به آبیاری شش روزه داشت، اما تفاوت قابل ملاحظه­ای در رشد گیاه بین آبیاری دو و شش روز وجود داشت Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Evaluation of Chemical and Organic Nutrition Systems on Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars under low Irrigation stress Conditions
Jaber Mehdiniya Afra Yousof Niknejad2* Hormoz Falah Amoli Davood barari TariIn order to investigate the effects of chemical and organic nutritional systems on yield, water utilization in rice cultivars under irrigation stress, a split Plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Dasht- MoreIn order to investigate the effects of chemical and organic nutritional systems on yield, water utilization in rice cultivars under irrigation stress, a split Plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Dasht-e Naz Agricultural Company, located in the city of Sari in 2016 Irrigation stress treatments were performed in three levels: the stress at the time of the beginning of the tillering (15 days after the installation of the work), the developmental stage of the transfer (the end of flowering and grain filling start) and the lack of stress (controls) as the main factor, through irrigation cut and irrigation again after the appearance of surface cracks The type of feeding system was considered in four levels of Vermicompost and compost azolla (6 and 8 t.ha-1 respectively), humic acid (4.5 L.ha-1) and the common chemical fertilizers Nitrogen, Phosphor, Potassium and cultivars were considered on two levels (Shirodi and local Tarom) in factorial form as a subagent The results variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between Shiroudi and Tarom cultivars in terms of rice paddy yield in different levels of irrigation stress and nutritional systems. Under common irrigation conditions, the most biological functions of Paddy yield in the varieties of Shirodi and local Tarom, was obtained 6577.9 and 3776.4, Kg.ha-1, Respectively. Low irrigation stressin the developmental stage of the beginning of the tilleringreduced the rice paddy yield by 6.87 and 1.67 andin the remobilization stage, reduced the rice paddy yield by 17.65% and 2.97%, compared to non-stressed conditions With application of humic acid nutrition system, improvement of rice yield was observed in Shiroudi (6563.1 Kg.ha-1) and local Tarom (3878.77 Kg.ha-1) in compared with other nutrition systems.by using the humic acid, azolla compost and Vermicompost in Shirodi variant, the rice paddy yield increased 16.12, 9.02 and 3.62 Percent and in local Tarom 7.85, 3.47 and 2.21 percent respectively, compared with the chemical fertilizer. The highest Water Use Efficiency in the cultivars was observed with the average of 0.1050 and 0.8016 Kg/m3No rainfall, outlet runoff and tillage water were observed under conditions of non-stress. Totally, the results showed highest yield of Paddy was obtained for both Shirodi and Tarom cultivars under non-stress conditions in the humic acid nutrition system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Study the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on Artemisia annua L. quantitative characteristics after and before flowering
Mohammad Javad Shakouri Mohammad Hossein Bijeh KeshavarziArtemisia annua L. is one of the important herbal plants, which is applicable for some disease treatment such as, Cancer and Malaria. To consider the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on Artemisia annua L. quantitative characteristics an experiment was carri MoreArtemisia annua L. is one of the important herbal plants, which is applicable for some disease treatment such as, Cancer and Malaria. To consider the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on Artemisia annua L. quantitative characteristics an experiment was carried out in factorial design in completely randomized design with 4 replications in a educational green house in Tehran. Treatments included chemical fertilizers (Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P)) in 4 levels (N0P0, N40P40, N80P40, N80P80) and biological fertilizers in 4 levels (control, Nitroxin, Bio-phosphorus and Vemricompost fertilizer. Results showed that using biological fertilizer, and increasing different levels of chemical fertilizers (N, P) had significant effect on under consideration characteristics. Means comparison showed that biological fertilizers application leads to significant increase in all under consideration features. Among biological fertilizer, Vemricompost treatments the most effective. Means comparison of applying different levels of chemical fertilizers indicated that N80P80 had the most increase in features. Interaction effect had different effects on those features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Effect of compilation organic and mineral fertilizer on production parameters and harvest index of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
A. Mosavai A. ShokohfarIn order to investigate the effects of application of Vermicompost and Ammonium phosphate on yield and yield components of Vinga unguicuata a factorial experiment was conducted in Ahwaz in 2013-2014 based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Trea MoreIn order to investigate the effects of application of Vermicompost and Ammonium phosphate on yield and yield components of Vinga unguicuata a factorial experiment was conducted in Ahwaz in 2013-2014 based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were three levels of Vermicompost (0,4,8 ton/ha) and Amonium phosphate (0,75,150 kg/ha). Results shown that simple and interaction effects were significant (P>0.001). Application of 8 ton/ha Vermicompost resulted higher seed yield (291 gr/m2) comparing to treatmens with no Vermicompost (197gr/m2) and seed yield in Amonium phosphate was (247gr/m2). Application of integrated nutrition management (Vermicompost+Amonium phosphate) caused higher leaf and stem dry weight in Cowpea. Also due to higher photosynthesis and vegetative growth capacity as results of fertilizer treatments total yield, number of pods and number of seeds per pods were significantly increased. The highest seed yield was 343.3 g/m2 in treatment of integrated nutrient management including 8 ton/ha Vermicompost with 150 kg/ha Amoniumphosphate and the lowest seed yield was 197.2 g/m2 in control treatment.The highest pod number per plant was achieved in treatments with 150 kg/ha amoniumphosphate (13 pod per plant) compare to control treatment (7 pod per plant). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of vermicompost and seprator fertilizer on yield of wheat
SEYED HOSSEIN MAHMOODI NEZHAD DEZFULLY A. Paknejad A. Kalantar AhmadiIn order to study the effects of vermicompost and seprator fertilizer on yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted at Safiabad Agricultural Research Center and Fadak Agricultural Research Station with T-Test design and 6 treatments during 2013- 2014. The experiment in MoreIn order to study the effects of vermicompost and seprator fertilizer on yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted at Safiabad Agricultural Research Center and Fadak Agricultural Research Station with T-Test design and 6 treatments during 2013- 2014. The experiment included 6 treatments (5 tonha-1 seprator + chemical fertilizer, 8 tonha-1 vermicompost, 3 tonha-1 vermicompost + chemical fertilizer, 7 tonha-1 vermicompost + chemical fertilizer, 3.5 tonha-1 vermicompost + 3.5 tonha-1 seprator + chemical fertilizer and Control (chemical fertilizer)). Results of the first experiment (Effect of vermicompost and seprator fertilizer on yield of wheat in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center) showed that any treatment were not significant difference with control treatment regarding to grain yield, although the third and the fifth treatments (4.71 and 4.78 ton. ha-1, respectively) had the highest grain yield. In this experiment, control treatment was the best treatment and it can be advised to the farmers. The results of second experiment (Effect of vermicompost and seprator fertilizer on yield of wheat in Fadak Agricultural Research Station) showed that the third treatment had significant difference at 1% probability level regarding to grain yield with control treatment and so it can be the best treatment (19.8% increase of yield than control). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effects of different manures and water stress on yield and yield components of barley
حسین زاهدی محسن ظهوریOrganic matters are useful sources to improve soil quality and increase the yield in plants. In order to assess the effects of different fertilizers application on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Makoii cultivar) under water stress, a field expe MoreOrganic matters are useful sources to improve soil quality and increase the yield in plants. In order to assess the effects of different fertilizers application on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Makoii cultivar) under water stress, a field experiment was conducted on Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University at growing season 2014-2015. The experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main plots were three water stress (optimal irrigation, withholding irrigation at vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage) and six levels of fertilizers (control, manure, municipal waste chopped, vermicompost, azocompost and urea) were in subplots. There was a significant effect of water stress and fertilizers on the plant height, grain yield, biological yield, grains per spike and number of spike per m2. Overall, the plants were more sensitive to water stress at the reproductive stage and vermicompost and azocompost could moderate disadvantages of water stress on plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effects of salinity stress on some traits of phonology, morphology, yield and yield components of different canola cultivars
kami kaboosi اکبر نودهی ابوالفضل فرجیSalinity stress is most important factor limiting crops growth and production in worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four water salinity levels (1.15, 4, 7 and 10 dS.m-1) on some traits of phonology, morphology, yield and yield components of MoreSalinity stress is most important factor limiting crops growth and production in worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four water salinity levels (1.15, 4, 7 and 10 dS.m-1) on some traits of phonology, morphology, yield and yield components of four canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars (Hyola 4815, 308 and 401 and RGS 003) under application of 10 Ton.ha-1 vermicompost in 2014-15 in Gorgan region, Iran. The experiment was conducted as factorial arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The results showed that the all traits, except days to seed emergence and pod length were significantly affected by cultivar. The Hyola 4815 cultivar had the lowest total plant height, height of first pod and branch from ground, stem diameter and seeds per pod with a significant difference with other cultivars. The lowest number of branches and highest days to flowering and maturity and stem diameter were obtained from RGS cultivar with a significant difference with the other cultivars. The Hyola 308 and 4815 cultivars with the highest number of pods per plant were significantly different with Hyola 401 and RGS cultivars. The highest 1000- seed weight was found in Hyola 4815 and 401 with a significant difference with the other cultivars. Hyola 308 and 401 cultivars had the highest seed yield and their differences were significant with RGS cultivar. However, seed yield differences of these three cultivars were not significant with Hyola 4815 cultivar. .... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of utilizing manure, vermicompost, chemical fertilizer, Triple superphosphate and urea in agriculturing flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.)
laila bahari shahab madah hosaini hamed bekhrad fateme niknamTo investigate effects of utilizing manure, vermicompost, triple superphosphate and urea chemical fertilizer in agriculturing flax plant, a split plot experiment, designed on randomized complete block with three replications, was conducted at research farm of agricultur MoreTo investigate effects of utilizing manure, vermicompost, triple superphosphate and urea chemical fertilizer in agriculturing flax plant, a split plot experiment, designed on randomized complete block with three replications, was conducted at research farm of agriculture faculty of Valieasr University of Rafsanajn. Main plots were four combinations of fertilizers including: nitrogen+phosphorus nitrogen+phosphorus+cattle manure (NPM), nitrogen+phosphorus+cattle manure+sulphur (NPMS) and vermicompost and subplots were four flax seed genotype as Kurdistan Native, E37, L22 and L18. Results showed that NPM and NPMS decreased the height of plant. Oil yield in Kurdistan Native, L22 and L18 were equal to NP when vermicompost applied but for E37 was significantly higher. Kurdistan Native had relatively high oil yield in all four fertilizer treatment. This genotype had the lowest leaf area, plant height, biological yield, as well as the shortest growth cycle. It seems that in Kurdistan Native, relatively high partitioning of photo assimilates to economic organs is directed which leads to better regulation of source-sink relations. Since adding cattle manure or sulphur to base level of fertilizer (NP) had inhibitory effects on some vegetative and reproductive traits, it is not suggested to use this fertilizer combination in saline and sodic soils similar to this experiment situation. Reduction in soil osmotic potential or toxic effects of some minerals, e.g. Na may be the cause of these effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Effects of organic amendments and zinc application on yield, nitrogen and zinc uptake in a rapeseed-wheat rotation
Ruhollah Naderi Somayeh Moradnia E. BijanzadehTo investigate the effect of organic amendments and zinc on grain yield of rapeseed and wheat, nitrogen and zinc uptake of wheat in a rapeseed-wheat rotation, a two-year study was conducted at the Agricultural college of Darab, Shiraz University in 2012-2014.In the firs MoreTo investigate the effect of organic amendments and zinc on grain yield of rapeseed and wheat, nitrogen and zinc uptake of wheat in a rapeseed-wheat rotation, a two-year study was conducted at the Agricultural college of Darab, Shiraz University in 2012-2014.In the first year of the study, treatments consisted of nitrogen fertilizer, municipal waste compost, vermicompost, sheep manure, cattle manure, and control (no fertilizer) and zinc sulphate rates of 0, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 and two rapeseed cultivars (Sarigol and RGS). In the second year of the study, in the same pots as the last year two durum wheat cultivars (Behrang and Yavarus) were sown. Results showed that sheep manure increased rapeseed yield more than the other fertilizers. Also, grain yield of Yavarus was higher than that of Behrang. The greatest grain yield observed in sheep manure treatment (5.71 g pot-1). The residual effect of sheep manure on wheat yield was more than the other organic amendments. All organic amendments except vermicompost increased nitrogen content in wheat grain significantly compared to control and the highest amount of zinc in wheat grain obtained in sheep manure treatment (39 mg kg -1). Results showed that the different rapeseed and wheat cultivars showed various responses to organic amendments and chemical N fertilizers and the type of cultivars should be taken into account while recommending these fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Effects of vermicompost ,microorganisms mycorrhiza and phosphate biofertilizer on morphophysiological characteristics and seed protein percentage of chickpea in the autumn plantation
payam pezeshkpour M.R. Ardakani F. Paknejad S. VazanAbstract This experiment was conducted at Research Station in khoramabad at 2009-2010.The treatment were mycorrhiza inoculation(inoculated and non inoculated), phosphate biofertilizer (inoculated and non inoculated) and Vermicompost (0,6 and 12 ton/ha ). The experiment MoreAbstract This experiment was conducted at Research Station in khoramabad at 2009-2010.The treatment were mycorrhiza inoculation(inoculated and non inoculated), phosphate biofertilizer (inoculated and non inoculated) and Vermicompost (0,6 and 12 ton/ha ). The experiment design was factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with four replication .Results showed that the highest seed yield (2497 kg/ha.),plant height (62.7 cm),number of primery branches (3.8),number of nodes per main stem(23.8),leaf area (915.9),seed protein percent(22.2%) were obtained with mycorrhiza inoculums. Phosphate biofertilizer showed significant effects on seed yield and seed protein percent. Also, vermicompost showed significant effects on seed yield ,plant height , number of primery branches, number of nodes per main stem and leaf area .The highest seed yield (2373.7 kg/ha ) seed protein percent (22.8%)were obtained with application of 12 ton /ha vermicompost. Thus it can be stated that the use of bio-fertilizers to improve grain quality, increase performance and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pea environmentally very useful. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The impact of vermicompost and bio super absorbent on yield and root characteristics of Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)Cultivars
Hamed Khosravi Mashaalah Daneshvar Seyede Zahra Hoseini younes mirTo study the effects of different amounts of vermicompost and bio super absorbent polymer on the grain yield and yield components of two cultivars of dryland checkpea a factorial experiment in a randomized completed block design with three replications was employed in a MoreTo study the effects of different amounts of vermicompost and bio super absorbent polymer on the grain yield and yield components of two cultivars of dryland checkpea a factorial experiment in a randomized completed block design with three replications was employed in agriculture college,Lorestan university in 2013-2014.The first factor was vermicompost in three levels of non-use (control),10 and 15 t/ha.The second factor was bio super absorbent polymer in three levels of non-use (control),150 and 250 Kg/ha. The third factor was to cultivars of breeding checkpea whose name were Arman and Azad The results showed that the effects of combination of bio superabsorbent vermicompost on grain yield, root volume, root weight and the total root length and root nodule number was significant and had no significant effect on root. The results of the mean comparison among the triple interactions effects vermicompost in bio super absorbent in cultivar showed the highest grain yield was related to treatments (application of 15 t/ha vermicompost and non-using bio super absorbent in Azad and Arman cultivarsby amount 1636.77 and 1636.39 Kg/ha),respectively.Thus with attention to non significant different between its,cultivars recommended for cultivation in climate conditions under experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Studying the growth characters, yield and elements concentration of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) affected by different manure combination
Leyla Jahanban Ebrahim Panahpour Ali Gholami Mohammadreza Davari omid LotfifarIn order to study the effect of biological manure on efficiency of some manure mixtures and select the best manure combination to reach highest chickpea yield, an experiment arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Field Research of Payam MoreIn order to study the effect of biological manure on efficiency of some manure mixtures and select the best manure combination to reach highest chickpea yield, an experiment arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Field Research of Payam Noor University of Arak. Treatments were different manure mixtures include: 1- No manure (Control), 2- Animal manure, 3- Vermi-compost, 4- Animal manure+ phosphorus and potassium powder, 5- Vermicompost+ phosphor and potassium powder,6- Animal manure+ phosphor and potassium powder+ biological manure include Iron and phosphate biological manure and rhizobium, 7- Vermicompost+ phosphor and potassium powder+ biological manure. Tested characters were plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, total biomass, 100 seed weight, seed yield, and content of N, K, Ca, Mn and Fe in plant. The results showed the effect of manure type was significant on all of the tested traits. The highest seed yield and growth criteria were obtained from two triple manure mixtures. In Animal manure+ phosphor and potassium powder+ biological manure and Vermicompost+ phosphor and potassium powder+ biological manure, use of biological manure by increasing plant necessary elements, respectively, caused to 6 and 7 percent increases in seed yield compare to without biological manure treats and 32 and 33 compare with control. On the basis of result, using biological manure caused to improve elements absorb, growth and seed yield of chickpea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Evaluation of vermicompost and peat moss on morphological and quantification indices of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
Fahimeh Neyazi Mehrab Yadegari Rahim BarzegarCasing material is very important element for size and yield of mushroom. To study the replacement of peat moss by vermicompost from animal resource, this research was conducted with 3 replications as CRD basis. Treatments were T1: vermicompost+ perlite peat (1:1:2), T2 MoreCasing material is very important element for size and yield of mushroom. To study the replacement of peat moss by vermicompost from animal resource, this research was conducted with 3 replications as CRD basis. Treatments were T1: vermicompost+ perlite peat (1:1:2), T2: vermicompost+ perlite+ peat (2:1:1), T3: vermicompost+ perlite+ peat (3:0.5:0.5), T4: vermicompost+ peat (2:2), T5: vermicompost+ peat (1:3), T6: vermicompost+ peat (3:1), T7: vermicompost+ perlite (2:2), T8: control, T9: peat from Netherlands. After growth of mushroom, they separated in 3 groups: 1-mushroom with high quality (grade 1), 2-mushroom that have membrane abnormality and then leasers marketable than grade 1 (grade 2). 3-mushroom have defects and no marketable (grade 3). After harvesting, characters contain of yield and number of mushroom grade1, 2 and 3, protein percentage, humidity percentage, spore diameter measured. Results showed that T2 (vermicompost + perlite +peat) and T9 (Netherlands peat) had the most and least amount of mushroom grade1 respectively. T1and T7 had most and least of mushroom grade2. T3 had the most of protein content, also contained high amount of number and yield of mushroom, then this treat introduced the best treatment. It seems that for high addition character in vermicompost particles, can no use high amount of this treatment in replication with peat moss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Survey the effects of vermicompost and bio superabsorbent on yield components and physiological characteristics of chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) cultivars
Hamed Khosravi ماشااله دانشور سیده زهرا حسینی یونس میرTo study the effects of vermicompost biofertilizer and biosuper absorbent polymer on the grain yield and yield components of two cultivars of dryland checkpea a factorial experiment in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in agricult MoreTo study the effects of vermicompost biofertilizer and biosuper absorbent polymer on the grain yield and yield components of two cultivars of dryland checkpea a factorial experiment in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted in agriculture college fram of, Lorestan university during 2013-2014.The first factor was vermicompost fertilizer in three levels of non-use (control),10 and 15 t/ha. The second factor was bio super absorbent polymer in three levels of non-use (control),150 and 250 kg/ha. And the third factor was to cultivars of breeding checkpea whose name were Arman and Azad The results showed that the effects of combination of bio superabsorbent vermicompost fertilizer on grain yield, the number of pods per plant, fertile pods Significant growth rate and leaf area index and dry matter content transmitted on the characteristics and seed weight performance of the seed dry matter remobilization had no significant effect. The results of the mean comparison among the triple interactions effects vermicompost in biosuper absorbent in cultivar showed the highest grain yield was related to treatments (application of 15 tones vermicompost per hector and non using bio super absorbent in Azad and Arman cultivars) by amount 1636.77 and 1636.39 kg/ha, respectively. Thus with attention to non significant different between its, cultivars recommended for cultivation in climate conditions under experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation of growth indices, yield and quality of Simon grain corn under the influence of biological, organic and chemical fertilizers to achieve healthy food production
saadat dahpahlavan amin farnia Mojtaba Jafarzadeh Kenarsari Shahram NakhjavanThese days, the application of organic and biological fertilizers to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers as well as improve crop quality and maintain soil fertility in sustainable agricultural systems, has gained special significance. A split-split-plot experiment MoreThese days, the application of organic and biological fertilizers to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers as well as improve crop quality and maintain soil fertility in sustainable agricultural systems, has gained special significance. A split-split-plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and two consecutive years in 2018-19, to investigate the effect of combined application of biological, organic, and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of single-cross Simon corn grain. Nitrogen treatment was used in three levels of zero, 150 and 300 kg/ha or by using 46% urea fertilizer and vermicompost treatment was used in three levels of 0, 6 and 12 tons per hectare and mycorrhiza treatment was considered in two levels of application and non-application. The study of growth logistics indices showed that Muse V12ton/hecN300kg/hec it has been superior to other levels in terms of indicators TDM, LAI and NAR. The results showed that, in the interaction effect of mycorrhiza × vermicompost 6 tons × 150 kg N, grain yield of 14.36 t / ha and grain nitrate accumulation reached 46.62 mg/kg grain weight which is the most desirable fertilizer composition based on the purpose of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - رابطه برخی خواص شیمیایی گیاه و خاک در کشت جو (مج. ترکمن) تحت رژیم های مختلف کوددهی و کم آبیاری
S.M Farahani M.R. Chaeichiاثرات سیستمهای کم آبیاری و کوددهی بر برخی ویژگیهای شیمیایی گیاه و خاک زیر کشت جو با آزمایش کرتهای خرد شده بر اساس طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سالهای 1386-1386 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. کرت های اصلی شامل سه سطح آبیاری بدون تنش، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید بود. کرت های فرعی شامل Moreاثرات سیستمهای کم آبیاری و کوددهی بر برخی ویژگیهای شیمیایی گیاه و خاک زیر کشت جو با آزمایش کرتهای خرد شده بر اساس طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سالهای 1386-1386 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. کرت های اصلی شامل سه سطح آبیاری بدون تنش، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید بود. کرت های فرعی شامل شش رژیم کوددهی شامل بی کود، کاربرد بارور-2 + نیتروکسین، کاربرد ورمی کمپوست، 50 درصد کود شیمیایی + 50 درصد ورمی کمپوست، 50 درصد کود شیمیایی + 50 درصد (بروار-2 کود لیزر + نیتروکسین) و کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی. مشخص شد که مخلوط کود شیمیایی و آلی باعث افزایش محتوای فسفر خاک نسبت به سایر ترکیبات کود می شود. علاوه بر این، مخلوط کودها غلظت نیتروژن گیاه را بیش از سایر تیمارهای کودی افزایش داد. تیمارهای حاوی ورمی کمپوست، C، N و فسفر آلی خاک را در تمامی سطوح تنش بیش از سایر تیمارها افزایش دادند. همچنین، این تیمار باعث افزایش غلظت نیتروژن در گیاه تحت تنش خشکی شد. در شرایط آبیاری معمولی، کودهای زیستی میزان فسفر خاک و گیاه را بیش از سایر رژیمهای کوددهی افزایش دادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effects of Vermicompost and Manures on Growth Characteristics and Yield Components of Purslane (Portuleca oleracea L. var Behbahani)
NILOFAR RAHBAR HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH -
Open Access Article
46 - The Effect of Auxin and Oat in Combination with Casing Soil on Growth and Biochemical Components of Agaricus blazei
FATEMEH KAVIANI MEHRDAD JAFARPOUR -
Open Access Article
47 - Effects of Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizers on Phonological and Phytochemical Traits of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
FARIBA MOHAMMADALIZADE MEHRDAD ATAIE KACHOIE SEYED MOJTABA HASHEMI JAZI -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of Vermicompost Fertilizer on Quantitative Characteristics of Potato
S. H. Y MAHMOODI NEZHAD DEZFULL G. SOLTANI KAZAMI A. SAADI ALKASIR -
Open Access Article
49 - Effects of Amino acid spraying and vermicompost application on some morphological traits and flower yield of Chamomile
Mohamad reza Haj Seyed Hadi Mohamad taghi Darzi GHolam hosein Riazi Zohreh Ghandehari AlavijehIn order to study the effects of vermicompost and amino acids application on flower yield of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Medicinal Plant Research Station at Karaj region. The experiment design was factorial based on MoreIn order to study the effects of vermicompost and amino acids application on flower yield of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Medicinal Plant Research Station at Karaj region. The experiment design was factorial based on RCBD with three replications. Treatments were vermicompost in 5 levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha) and amino acid spraying in 3 levels (at budding stag, at flowering stage, at budding stag + at flowering stage). Results of this investigation showed that days to budding and flowering are not affected by amino acid spraying. But, vermicompost had significant effect on days to flowering. The highest plant height (41.8 cm), fresh flower yield (3335.7 kg/ha) and dried flower yield (653.8 kg/ha) were obtained by using 20 tons vermicompost per hectare. Maximum yield were obtained by amino acid spraying in 2 times (at budding stag + at flowering stage). According to the interaction effects of the treatments, applying of 15 ton/ha vermicompost and spraying amino acids in 2 times (at budding stag + at flowering stage) caused highest fresh and dried flower yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Nitrogen and phosphorous use optimization in corn production with mycorrhiza and vermicompost utilization
O. Alizadeh A. Alizadeh L. ArianaThis research was don to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and vermicompost as the biological fertilizers to compare with chemical fertilizer phosphorous and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. It was based on factorial in a RCBD with 3 replications when s MoreThis research was don to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza and vermicompost as the biological fertilizers to compare with chemical fertilizer phosphorous and nitrogen on yield and yield component of corn. It was based on factorial in a RCBD with 3 replications when soil control condition was some in 2010. Treatment were considered as using chemical fertilizer (F) in three levels of fertilizer's sources, urea, triple super phosphate and potassium include: F0 (N=0, P=0, K=0), F1 (N=70, P=50, K=30) and F2 (N=150, P=100 and K=50) kg/ha, vermicompost treatment in two levels (using V1 and non-using V0) and mycorrhiza treatment in two levels (using M1 and non-using M0) (population 105 g/spore). Results of variance analysis showed there was significant different between different levels’ interaction of vermicompost, chemical fertilizer and mycorrhiza on grain yield p=1% and there isn’t any significant difference between the kernel number and 1000 kernel weight. Comparing the average of interaction of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and chemical fertilizer showed significant difference on grain yield, that treatment V1F0M1 and V1F1M1 with averages 119.33 and 113.00 g/pot have higher amount of grain yield than teratmentV1F2M1 with average 106.33 g/plant, and treatment V1F0M0 with average 87.00 g/plant has lowest amount of grain yield. Comparing the average of vermicompost interaction, fertilizer’s level and myeorrhiza showed significant difference on the 1000 kernel weight and treatment V1F0M1 with average 168.33 g has highest weight of 1000 kernel weight and treatment V1F1M1 with average 134.67 g has lowest weight of 1000 grains. Use of mycorrhiza and vermicompost in low levels of chemical fertilizer could cause increase of yield and grain yield component but in high levels of chemical fertilizer their activity became hampered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Antioxidant Activity and Some of the Morphological Characteristics in Different Vermicompost Field
Z. Yavari H. Moradi H. Sadeghi B. Barzegar Golchini -
Open Access Article
52 - Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost Application on Flower Yield and Essential Oil of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomile L.)
Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi Mohsen Abarghooei Fallah Mohammad Taghi Darzi -
Open Access Article
53 - Effects oOf Different Levels Of Vermicompost On Growth Indices And Essential Oils Essential Oil Of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Under Uifferent Irrigation Regimes
sima Abyar Brat Ali Fakheri nafiseh mahdinezhad maryam Harati radManagement of soil nutrients using organic fertilizers is among major pillars of sustainable agriculture. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation regimes as factorial completely randomized design with thre MoreManagement of soil nutrients using organic fertilizers is among major pillars of sustainable agriculture. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation regimes as factorial completely randomized design with three replications at Zabol university greenhouse. Treatments included irrigation at 100 (Control), 75 and 50% FC and application of humic acid at 0, 20 and 40% of pot volume. The greatest and the least plant height, internode length, fresh and dry weight of plants, stem diameter, number of tillers per plant, dry and fresh weight of roots per plant was observed at irrigation at 90% FC and 50% FC, respectively. Whilst, the greatest essential oil percentage was achieved in irrigation at 50% FC. Cultivated plant at 40% volume of pot vermicompost had the greatest growth components and essential oil percentage. Interaction of 40% volume of pot vermicompost and irrigation at 90% FC had the greatest plant height, internodelength, plant dry weight, root dry and fresh weight. Mean while application of 40% volume of pot vermicompost and irrigation at 50% FC had the greatest essential oil percentage. The interaction was not significant for plant fresh weight, stem diameter and number of branch per plant .These results suggested that application of 40% volume of pot vermicompost in free drought stress conditions had the greatest growth components and at 50% FC had the greatest essential oil percentage in peppermint Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The effect of application of vermicompost and salicylic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes and yield of milk thistle (Silybum Marianum L.) in different irrigation conditions
Morteza Shalalvand Alireza Pazoki Reza Monem Majid AbdoliIn order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and some physiological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under using of vermicompost and salicylic acid, a field experiment was conducted MoreIn order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and some physiological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under using of vermicompost and salicylic acid, a field experiment was conducted as split-factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates on Shahr-e-Rey station during 2014-15 growing seasons. Irrigation methods as the main factor were conducted on four levels (including drip irrigation, basin irrigation, furrow irrigation, and alternate middle irrigation) and using of vermicompost on two levels (0 and 15 ton/ha) and application of salicylic acid on two levels (0 and 1 mM) were performed as minor factors. The results showed the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in alternate middle irrigation with the combined consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid and the lowest them activity in drip irrigation. The amount of malondialdehyde was higher in alternate middle irrigation than drop irrigation and application of vermicompost and salicylic acid simultaneously was decreased amount of malondialdehyde. Also, the highest seed yield and chlorophyll content were observed in drip irrigation with the combined consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid. The results of this study showed that consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid has a role in eliminating the negative effects of stress, and can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase the yield of milk thistle plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Effect of different levels of vermicompost on quantitative characteristics stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)
Amirhossain Kachuei Hossein Ali Sheibani Farshad QushchiTo evaluate the effect of sowing date and different levels of vermicompost on quantitative characteristics of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an experiment in the field of education - College of Agriculture, Varamin in Tehran province - the city of Varamin in MoreTo evaluate the effect of sowing date and different levels of vermicompost on quantitative characteristics of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an experiment in the field of education - College of Agriculture, Varamin in Tehran province - the city of Varamin in 2014 in a completely randomized design in three replications. The treatments were a major factor, planting date at four levels: 15 April, Persian date Farvardin 30, 15 May and 30th of May and sub-levels of vermicompost at four levels: control (no), use 5 tons of vermicompost per hectare, Application 10 tons, 15 tons of vermicompost per hectare and application of vermicompost per hectare. The results showed that planting date and vermicompost on stem length, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, internode length was statistically significant interaction between planting date and vermicompost was the longest shoot when cultured on 15 May with work won 15 ha vermicompost with 33.94 cm and minimum control on 15 April and 61.66 cm, leaf dry weight was reached when cultured on 15 May and 15 tonnes per hectare used vermicompost with 15.67 g and the lowest related to the control and on 15 April with g 6.52, the maximum length of internodes (with an average of 6.64 inches) in the treatment history of planting 15 May and 15 ha vermicompost was obtained, which Persian date Ordibehesht 15, 10 tons per hectare by planting date vermicompost had the smallest difference was not statistically related to planting date 15 Farvardin and control treatment (3.67 cm), the maximum shoot dry weight in the Persian date Ordibehesht 15 planting date , 15 ha vermicompost with 39.70 g and the lowest planting date 15 Farvardin and control (non-use of vermicompost) with 16.90 g, and use 15 tons of vermicompost on Persian date Ordibehesht 15 greatest impact on crop traits was measured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of seaweed extract and vermicompost on yield and yield components and phosphor and chlorophyll of Mung bean in Varamin region
Ramila Basimfar Mohammad Nasri Kaveh ZargariAn experimental trial was conducted In order to evaluate the effect of extracts of seaweed and vermicompost fertilizer on mung bean in the summer 2014 in Varamin. A split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Treatments i MoreAn experimental trial was conducted In order to evaluate the effect of extracts of seaweed and vermicompost fertilizer on mung bean in the summer 2014 in Varamin. A split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Treatments included seaweed extract under the brand Liquid Steamplex, vermicompost fertilizer and mung bean Partoo and a promising line vc6173B. The first factor with 3 levels, without the use of seaweed extract, seaweed extract sprayed 2 times and 4 times during the growing season with a concentration of 2 per thousand, the second factor with 2 levels of no use and the use of vermicompost (10 tons per hectare) and mung bean Partoo variety and a promising line vc6173B was used as the third factor. Simple effects results showed that maximum grain yield obtained with 2 time seaweed spraying, using vermicompost and the Partoo variety with 1553, 1600 and 1573.3 kg h-1 respectively.Highest foliar biomass was produced by 4 times seaweed spraying, using vermicompost treatment and Partoo variety with 6240, 5880 and 5880 kg h-1 respectively. Among the three-way interactions the highest grain yield and biological yield was produced by using four times seaweed spraying with the use of vermicompost in Partoo variety with 1720 and 6960 kg h-1 respectively. According to the results, seaweed extract spraying increased the vegetative growth and the use of vermicompost by creating a favorable conditions, provided a better plant growth. Also Partoo variety had a higher yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effects on planting and different levels of vermicompost on quantitative traits stevia plant (Stevia rebaudianaBertoni)
Amirhosain Kachuei Hosainali Sheibani Farshad QushchiTo evaluate the effect of sowing date and different levels of vermicompost on qualitive characteristics of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an experiment was conducted at the Varamin Agricultural University College of Agriculture located in Tehran province, Var MoreTo evaluate the effect of sowing date and different levels of vermicompost on qualitive characteristics of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an experiment was conducted at the Varamin Agricultural University College of Agriculture located in Tehran province, Varamin, in 2014. This experiment was conducted on a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments factor were planting date at four levels: 15 April, Persian date Farvardin 30, 15 May and 30th of May and another factor of vermicompost at four levels: control (no), use 5 tons of vermicompost per hectare, Application 10 tons, 15 tons of vermicompost per hectare and application of vermicompost per hectare. The results showed that planting date and vermicompost had a significant effect on the amount of stevizide, glycoside, ribo-dioside, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b. The highest amount of stevizide content was related to cultivation on May 15, with the application of 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost with 4.4 percent, and the lowest amount was related to the sowing date of May 30 and control treatment (no vermicompost consumption) with 2.80 percent and the highest content Ribbiosiside was related to the crop cultivation on May 15, with the application of 15 tons of vermicompost per hectare with 10.3 percent, and the lowest was related to the April 15 planting date and the control treatment (no vermicompost consumption) with 1.38 percent and the highest content Stewil glycosides were cultivated on May 15, with the use of 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost with 53.7 percent and the minimum This amount corresponds to the date of planting 15 April and the control (non-use of vermicompost) by 38.4 percent. The highest content of chlorophyll a was obtained from cultivation on May 15 with the application of 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost, 1.35 mg.m, and the lowest content of chlorophyll a Was obtained amount of sowing date was 15 April and control treatment (no vermicompost consumption) with 0.41 mg /m. The highest content of chlorophyll b was observed in the sowing date of May 15 and the application of 15 t of vermicompost with 0.44 mg / m, which had no significant difference with planting date of May 15 and application of 10 t of vermicompost, and The lowest content of chlorophyll b was obtained from sowing date of 15 April and no consumption of vermicompost with 0.15 mg.m. The application of 15 tons of vermicompost at the planting date of May 15 had the greatest effect on measured traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluating Effect of Biofertilizer on the Performance of Mung Beans
Sara Pakzad Asl Payman Azizi Pourang KasraeiMung Beans are one of the valuable agricultural plants for being a great source of protein. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design at the experimental field of Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva, Tehran, Iran to study the effect of MoreMung Beans are one of the valuable agricultural plants for being a great source of protein. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design at the experimental field of Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva, Tehran, Iran to study the effect of vermicompost and sand on some growth indexes and agronomic traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata, Parto cultivar). During the experiment, the combinations of following factors were evaluated: vermicompost at 0, 3, 6 and 9 ton per hectare and sand at 0, 10, 20 and 30% w: w. results showed that leaf area index and root surface index increased with increasing vermicompost and sand application. Moreover, the highest shoot and root dry weight were obtained when 9 ton per hectare vermicompost and 10% w: w sand was incorporated into the soil. Application of 9 ton per hectare vermicompost and 10 or 20% w: w sand caused considerable increase in seed yield, yield components, harvest index and seed protein percentage. Therefore, application of 9 ton per hectare vermicompost resulted in better performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effect of organic priming on germination characteristics and enzyme activity of Lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) under drought stress conditions
Roma Kalhor Monfared M.N Ilkaei فرزاد PaknejadPlant germination and establishment is one of the challenges of farmers in arid and semi-arid areas, and organic priming is a suitable solution to reduce environmental pollution caused by the use of chemical inputs. For this purpose, a factorial research was carried out MorePlant germination and establishment is one of the challenges of farmers in arid and semi-arid areas, and organic priming is a suitable solution to reduce environmental pollution caused by the use of chemical inputs. For this purpose, a factorial research was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design on the seeds of Lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) in three replications in the seed technology laboratory of the Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. The treatments of this experiment include five levels of priming (chitosan, humic acid, vermicompost, distilled water and control (no prime)) and four levels of drought stress (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 Mpa). The results showed that drought stress decreased the germination percentage, growth, and quality of lemongrass seedlings in non-prime conditions, and as the intensity of drought stress increased, the growth of seedlings decreased. Chitosan, humic acid, and vermicompost priming was more effective than distilled water priming (hydropriming) in increasing germination characteristics and coping with drought stress, and reduced the negative effects of drought stress. Seed priming with the mentioned treatments caused a decrease in proline concentration and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity. Priming with humic acid and vermicompost in non-stress conditions led to 19.52% and 19.93% germination increase in lemon balm respectively, compared to the treatment without priming and 0.9 MPa drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluation of the Effect of Salicylic Acid and Biological Fertilizers on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Medicinal Herbs Borago officinalis L.
abolfazl lolaei Ali Khalili Behzad kavianiAn increasing approach to the use of medicinal herbs globally highlights the importance of cultivating these plants. In this regard, the effect of organic and acidic fertilizers on Morphological and Physiological characteristics and other properties of Borago officinali MoreAn increasing approach to the use of medicinal herbs globally highlights the importance of cultivating these plants. In this regard, the effect of organic and acidic fertilizers on Morphological and Physiological characteristics and other properties of Borago officinalis L., Therefore, a factorial experiment were conducted in the form of randomized complete block design in 2018-2019. The experiment consisted of four sheep manure, cow manure, poultry manure and vermicomposting as the main factor and four levels of salicylic acid at concentrations of 0,10 -2 , 10 -4 10 -6 m as a sub-agent. Plant height, number of lateral branches, fresh and dry weight of plant, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b were measured as morphological mean number of flowers per plant as physiological indices. The results of this study showed that application of applied fertilizers significantly increased vegetative and reproductive growth. It also has the greatest impact on fertilizers used in sheep and cattle. The impact of other used fertilizers was also significant. In acid-salt treatment, other levels used increased vegetative and reproductive properties. The highest effect was the level (10 -4) mol / liter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigation of some traits of medicinal herb (Borago officinalis L.) in treatment of salicylic acid and biological fertilizers
abolfazl lolaei Ali Khalili Shokoufeh MoshfeghifarAn increasing approach to the use of medicinal herbs globally highlights the importance of cultivating these plants. In this regard, the effect of organic and acidic fertilizers on Morphological and Physiological characteristics and other properties of Borago officinali MoreAn increasing approach to the use of medicinal herbs globally highlights the importance of cultivating these plants. In this regard, the effect of organic and acidic fertilizers on Morphological and Physiological characteristics and other properties of Borago officinalis L., Therefore, a factorial experiment were conducted in the form of randomized complete block design in 2018-2019. The experiment consisted of four sheep manure, cow manure, poultry manure and vermicomposting as the main factor and four levels of salicylic acid at concentrations of 0,10 -2 , 10 -4 10 -6 m as a sub-agent. Leaf areas, leaf number, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b were measured as morphological indices and essential oil percentage, mean number of flowers per plant as physiological indices. The results of this study showed that application of applied fertilizers significantly increased vegetative and reproductive growth. It also has the greatest impact on fertilizers used in sheep and cattle. The impact of other used fertilizers was also significant. In acid-salt treatment, other levels used increased vegetative and reproductive properties. The highest effect was the level (10 -4) mol / liter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigation of the effect of biological fertilizer, vermicompost and vermiwash, on some vegetative and reproductive traits of geranium plant (Pelargonium peltatum)
Tahereh vagheii Sepideh Kalateh Jari Sakineh Saeidisar Marjan DianatIn order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash biological fertilizers on experimental growth of geranium plant, an experiment as a factorial form in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019 was conducted. The experimental fact MoreIn order to investigate the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash biological fertilizers on experimental growth of geranium plant, an experiment as a factorial form in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019 was conducted. The experimental factors were included vermicompost at non-using of 20 and 40% volumetric levels and at non-using of 100 and 200 ppm vermiwash. The results showed that using vermicompost was increased plant height, number of stems, internode length, number of flower stems, flower height, fresh and dry leaves weight, number of leaves per stem, leaf area index, root volume, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus compared to control. The most plant height and flower height were obtained in 20% vermicompost treatment, and the highest number of shoots,fresh and dry leaves weight leaf area index in 40% vermicompost and the most potassium and phosphorus were obtained in 20 and 40% vermicompost treatment. According to the results, using vermiwash was increased plant height, internode length, number of flowering stems, fresh and dry leaves weight, flower height, shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per stem, root volume, Nitrogen. The most plant height were obtained at 100 ppm vermiwash treatment and the highest flower height in 200 ppm vermiwash treatment. There is an additive effect, so that the highest internode length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, 40% vermicompost using with 200 ppm vermiwash, the most number of leaves per stem and fresh and dry leaf weight of 40% vermicompost using with 100 ppm vermiwash, the most root fresh weight of 20% vermicompost using with 200 ppm vermiwash, the most nitrogen concentration in 20% vermicompost treatment with 100 ppm vermiwash, the highest number of flowering shoots from different levels using of vermiwash with %40 vermicompost and non-using and using of 100 ppm with 20% vermicompost were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Effect of perlite, vermicompost and Aquasorb on reducing drought stress effects in dual-purpose maize
Hoseyn Ade Morteza Pasha Mehdi TajbakhshWater scarcity and drought stress are one of the most important problems in crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. The use of some additives, such as superabsorbent polymers, can help maintain soil moisture and optimal use of limited w MoreWater scarcity and drought stress are one of the most important problems in crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. The use of some additives, such as superabsorbent polymers, can help maintain soil moisture and optimal use of limited water resources. This study was conducted to determine the effect of moisture, aqueous and fertilizer adsorbents on the effects of drought stress reduction on maize 678. . The experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments including perlite, vermicompost, superabsorbent Aquasorb and no concomption, and three irrigation cycles of 40, 80 and 120 mm evaporation from class A standard pan. Plant height, number of seeds per row, ear diameter, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were measured at physiological harvesting time. Application of three levels of perlite, vermicompost and Aquasorb increased the growth indices and yield levels. In this study, consumption of perlite and Aquasorb with irrigation intervals of 40 mm evaporation from pan was more effective than yield and yield components than vermicompost treatment. Vermicompost consumption with irrigation interval of 40 ml evaporation from pan increased yield. Therefore, the use of perlite and Aquasorb polymers in order to achieve optimal yield in maize 678 is recommended under drought stress conditions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower in limited and full irrigation condition
Seyed Morteza AzimzadehThis study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Shirvan branch during the growing year in 2012-2013 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower. The treatments consisted of vermicompost, urban waste compost, cow manure MoreThis study was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Shirvan branch during the growing year in 2012-2013 to determine the effect of organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of safflower. The treatments consisted of vermicompost, urban waste compost, cow manure and chemical fertilizer which were applied in two full and limited irrigated conditions. The experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation and fertilizer treatments were conducted in main plot and sub-plot, respectively. The highest seed yield in full irrigated condition obtained from chemical fertilizer, 50 t/h cow manure, 10 t/h vermicompost and 8 5 t/h urban waste compost treatments which had no significant difference with each other but in comparison with check increased seed yield up to 25.9%, 18.4%, 17.4% and 15% , respectively. The highest seed obtained from the application of 15 t/h urban waste compost and was increased 25.7% seed yield in comparison with chemical fertilizer. Therefore, application of 5 t/h urban waste compost in full irrigation condition and 15 t/h in limited irrigation condition had desirable results and it is recommended for safflower production but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Effect of planting bed and soilless media on growth and yield of potato minitubers
Monireh Hajiaghaei Kamrani Kazem Hashemimajd Nosratollah Najafi Hadi HosseinniyaThe present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications. Eight types of potting media including perlite, perlite + vermiculite (1:1 v:v), perlite + peat moss (1:1 v:v), soil + perlite (1:1 v:v), perlite + soil + MoreThe present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications. Eight types of potting media including perlite, perlite + vermiculite (1:1 v:v), perlite + peat moss (1:1 v:v), soil + perlite (1:1 v:v), perlite + soil + cow manure compost (4:3:3 v:v), perlite + soil + vermicompost (4:3:3 v:v:v), field soil and perlite + peat moss as conventional nutrient solution and planting media used in greenhouse (Control). During the growing season, the leaf area, plant height, stem basal diameter, tuber fresh and dry weight, tuber specific weight and tuber number per plant were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between treatments in leaf area index, plant height, tuber number per plant and stem basal diameter. Growth and production of minituber were low in soil and soil containing medium. Therefore, the productivity of local soil was not corrected by any soil amendments. Soil containing medium had the highest bulk and particle density, EC and pH and the lowest porosity then produced the lowest number of tubers and fresh and dry weight of tubers. The highest number of tubers was produced in perlit + peat moss treatment. The maximum amounts of plant height were recorded in soil + perlite + compost treatments. The perlite + peat moss medium (1:1 v:v) is recommended for production of potato minitubers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The effects of vermicompost and chicken manure on potato yield in Kermanshah
Farshad Zandian Amin FarinaTo determine the effect of vormicompost and chicken manure on potato yield and yield components in Kermanshah climate condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted with four vormicompost rates of 0 as c MoreTo determine the effect of vormicompost and chicken manure on potato yield and yield components in Kermanshah climate condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted with four vormicompost rates of 0 as control, 3, 6 and 9 t/ha and poultry manure rates of 0, 10, 12 and 14 t/ha. Number of stems and tubers per plant, tuber weight and tuber yield significantly increased with chicken manure and verrmicompost application. Interaction between vormicompost and chicken manure showed that the potato received 3 t/ha of vermicompost and 10 t/ha of chicken manure caused the highest yield two times more than control. This treatment had the highest effect on the number of tubers per plant.Also, the highest tuber weight and number of stems per plant were obtained in 3 t/ha of chicken manure and 12 vormicompost and 12 t/ha, respectively. Correlation evaluation showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the number of stems per plant and final yield.Generally, 3 t/ha of vormicompost and 10 t/ha of chicken manure was recommended to increase potato yield production. Manuscript profile
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