Effects of different manures and water stress on yield and yield components of barley

Subject Areas : Journal of Plant Ecophysiology

حسین  زاهدی ¹ (هیئت علمی-دانشگاه آزاد واحد اسلامشهر)
محسن  ظهوری ² (دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت)

Received: 2016-01-28 Accepted : 2016-06-12 Published : 2018-02-20

Keywords: vermicompost, manure, municipal waste chopped, azocompost and urea,

Abstract :

Organic matters are useful sources to improve soil quality and increase the yield in plants. In order to assess the effects of different fertilizers application on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Makoii cultivar) under water stress, a field experiment was conducted on Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University at growing season 2014-2015. The experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main plots were three water stress (optimal irrigation, withholding irrigation at vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage) and six levels of fertilizers (control, manure, municipal waste chopped, vermicompost, azocompost and urea) were in subplots. There was a significant effect of water stress and fertilizers on the plant height, grain yield, biological yield, grains per spike and number of spike per m2. Overall, the plants were more sensitive to water stress at the reproductive stage and vermicompost and azocompost could moderate disadvantages of water stress on plants.

References:

بخشی، غ.، ف.فتاحی و س. یزدچی، س. 1386 .بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر روی برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک ده رقم گیاه جو در شرایط
آب و هوایی اسکو (آذربایجان شرقی). پژوهش و سازندگی. 20)1 :(108-114 .
بهمنیا، م.ر. 1384 .غلات سردسیری گندم، جو، یولاف، چاودار. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. 610 صفحه.
گاردنر، ف. پ. و همکاران. 1380 .فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی.ترجمه: کوچکی، ع.، و غ. سرمدنیا. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی مشهد. 430
صفحه.
مقصودی، ب.، ب. جعفریحقیقی و ع. جعفری. 1393 .تأثیر کاربرد عناصر ریزمغذی و هورمون اکسین بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گندم
 .26 -13 :(16)6 .گیاهی اکوفیزیولوژی. دوروم
میرزایی تالار پشتی، ر.، ج. کامبوزیا، ج. صباحی و ع.م. مهدوی دامغانی. 1388 .اثر کاربرد کودهای آلی بر ویژگیهای فیزیکو شیمیایی خاک
و تولید محصول و ماده خشک گوجه فرنگی (.L esculentum Lycopersicon .(مجله پژوهشهای زراعی ایران. 3)1 :(251-268 .
میرلوحی، ا.ف.، ر. محمدی، س.ج. رضوی و ف. نوربخش.1387 .تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف کودی اعمال شده در کاشت برنج، جو و ذرت بر
عملکرد جو به عنوان کشت دوم در یک تکرار سه ساله. مجله دانش کشاورزی. 18)3 :(161-171.

Aggelides, S.M., and P.A. Londra. 2000. Effects of compost produced from town wastes and sewage
sludge on the physical properties of a loamy and a clay soil. Biores. Tech. 71: 253-259.
Anwar, M., D.D. Patra, S. Cand, K. Alpesh, A.A. Naqvi, and S.P.S. Khanuja. 2005. Effect of organic and
inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French
basil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 36(13-14): 1737-1746.
Arora, A., and P.K. Singh. 2003. Comparison of biomass productivity and nitrogen fixing potential of
Azolla spp. Biomass Bioenerg. 24: 175-178.
Chanda GK, Bhunia G., and Chakraborty SK, 2011. The effect of vermicompost and other fertilizers on
cultivation of tomato plants. J. Hort. Forest., 3(2): 42-45.
Hussein, M.S., S.E. El-Shrbeny, M.Y. Khlil, N.Y. Naguib, and S.M. Aly. 2006. Growth characters and
chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plants in relation to compost fertilizer and
planting distance. J. Sci. Hort.. 108: 322-331.
Kumar GA, Bishwas R, Mahendra PS, Vibha U, and Chandan KS, 2011. Effect of fertilizers and
vermicompost on growth, yield and biochemical changes in Abelmoschus esculentus, Plant Arch.
11(1): 285-287.
Ofosu, A., J. Anim, and M. Leitch. 2009. Relative efficacy of organic manures in spring barley (Hordeum
vulgare L.) production. Aus. J. Crop Sci. 3(1): 13-19.
Olesen, J.E., M. Askegaard, and I.A. Rasmussen. 2009. Winter cereal yields as affected by animal manure
and green manure in organic arable farming. Europ. J. Agron. 30: 119-128.
Ostos JC, Lopez-Garrido R, Murillo JM., and Lopez R, 2008. Substitution of peat for municipal solid
waste and sewage sludge-based composts in nursery growing media: Effects on growth and nutrition
of the native shrub Pistacia lentiscus L. Biores. Tech. 99. 1793–1800.
Paknejad F, Nasri M., and Tohidi Moghadam HR, 2007. Effects of drought stress on chlorophyll
fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat cultivars. J. Bio. Sci. 7(6): 841-
847.
Rajeswara, B.R. 2001. Biomas and essential oil yield of rainfed palmorosa (Cymbopogon martinii) (Rox
b. Wats. Var. Motia Burk) supplied with different level of organic manure and fertilizer in semi-arid
tropical climate. Ind. Crop Prod. 14: 171-178.
Rascio, A., M. Russo, C. Platani, and N. Difonzo. 1998. Drought intensity effects on genotypic
differences in tissue affinity for strongly bound water. Plant Sci. 132: 121-126.
SAS Institute 2001. SAS user’s guide. Version 8. SAS Institute Inc Cary, NC.
Utayasoorian, C., P. Balamurgan, and P. Muthuvel. 1991. Direct and residual effect of FYM and NPK
levels on sunflower. Madras Agri. J. 78: 207-209.
Yadav, R., S. Gayadin, and A.K. Jaiswal. 2001. Morpho-physiological changes and variable yield of
wheat genotypes under moisture stress conditions. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 6: 390-394.