Tau

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1 - A short review about some exotic systems containing electrons, muons, and tauons
Mohsen Emami-Razavi

10.1007/s40094-014-0154-4

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2 - Investing the Impact of restaurant authenticity on consumer's evaluation of perceived values of product with regard to moderating role of place attachment
mosayeb darvish

Maintaining the customer's interest in re-visiting is an important issue in the face of close competition. Focusing on customer needs means paying attention to product quality and customer service, and many companies that once pioneered technology or low prices are now More

Maintaining the customer's interest in re-visiting is an important issue in the face of close competition. Focusing on customer needs means paying attention to product quality and customer service, and many companies that once pioneered technology or low prices are now competing for product quality and better customer service. In this regard, after introducing the general framework of the research in the first chapter, the data were collected through the field. The statistical population of the study is the consumers of traditional restaurants in Yazd. A questionnaire consisting of 24 questions was designed for field collection and distributed in the statistical population of the research. A total of 804 standard questionnaires were collected based on Morgan table and analyzed using T-student fan in LISREL software environment. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and was confirmed with a value of 0.931. The results showed that restaurant credibility has the most direct effect between consumer satisfaction and loyalty and also restaurant credibility can affect the relevant effective variables such as satisfaction, peak experience and lifestyle appropriateness. In other words, the reputation of the restaurant affects the perception and behavior of consumers. Manuscript profile

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3 - Investigating the impact of advertising in social networks on the purchase intention of teenage customers in the restaurant industry (the study of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old in Tehran schools)
Mahsa Ebrahimi Ehsan Abedi

The 21st century, or in other words, the information age, has brought opportunities and challenges to our world. The important point is that managers have faced a dynamic and interconnected international environment. One of the most important challenges in today's era i More

The 21st century, or in other words, the information age, has brought opportunities and challenges to our world. The important point is that managers have faced a dynamic and interconnected international environment. One of the most important challenges in today's era is the emergence of social media alongside traditional media and their role in different fields, which is one of the most important fields. It is marketing. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the main advertising factors in social networks on the purchase intention of teenage customers in the restaurant industry. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population includes teenagers who use social networks. Teenagers in this research mean students aged 14 to 17 years old in schools in Tehran. be After sampling using the available method, 106 questionnaires were collected. In order to collect information, a standard questionnaire (Al-Alwan, 2018) was used. The questionnaire had 31 items and dimensions of performance expectations, perceived communication, interaction, information, motivation for pleasure and entertainment, and habit and purchase intention. In order to analyze the data and check the hypotheses, PLS software was used. The results indicating the confirmation of the hypotheses include the effect of expected performance on purchase intention, the effect of habit on purchase intention, the effect of interaction on purchase intention, and the effect of interaction on pleasurable motivation, the effect of awareness on purchase intention and also the effect of pleasurable motivation on purchase intention, the effect of awareness on expected performance and the effect of perceived communication on purchase intention. Finally, according to the obtained results, it is suggested to the companies active in the restaurant industry to pay attention to the quality of the relationship, customer interaction, the use of business intelligence tools, awareness and building trust in order to influence the purchase intention of teenage customers. Manuscript profile

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4 - Using Implicit/Explicit Salvation Models to Theoretical Study Tautomerism in 7H-purine-2, 6-diamine
javad hosseini

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5 - AB Initio Calculations and IR Studies of Tautometric forms of Uracil and Cytosine and comparing results in different temperatures (25˚C, 37˚C and 40˚C).
M. Monajjemi R. Nikmaram F. Mollaamin Z. Azizi

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6 - A Theoretical Study on the Aromaticity of 5-methylcytosine tautomers in the gas phase
H. Aghaie K. Zare E. Zahedi S.R. Emamian

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7 - Ab initio and DFT studies on tautomerism of 5-methyl cytosine in gaseous phase
K. Zare M. Monajjemi E. Zahedi H. Aghaie

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8 - Thermodynamic Study and Total Energy Calculation for three systems of Enol↔Keto Tautomerism
H. Aghaie M. Monajjemi L. Papei

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9 - Computational Investigation on Alcohol Nano Sensors in Combination with Carbon Nanotube; A Monte Carlo and Ab Initio Simulation
M. Falahati M. Monajjemi

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10 - Factors influencing adoption of improved wheat varieties and their impacts on food security dimensions: Application of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) in East Azarbaijan
Farzaneh Noruzi Ajabshir Farhad Lashgarara Mehdi Mirdamadi Maryam Omidi najafabadi

This study examined the major effective factors on farmer’s adoption of improved wheat varieties and investigated their impacts on food security in East Azarbaijan province based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The population of this stu More

This study examined the major effective factors on farmer’s adoption of improved wheat varieties and investigated their impacts on food security in East Azarbaijan province based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The population of this study comprised wheat growers who adopted improved wheat varieties in 21 regions. The study sample consisted of 380 wheat growers selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Validity was confirmed by face validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity and reliability was calculated using Composite Reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using Smart-PLS software. The findings showed that the performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and trust, had a positive and significant effect on the intention to adopt technology as well as on the dimensions of food security. In addition, the moderating variables of age, gender, and experience did not have a significant effect on related constructs. Manuscript profile

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11 - Pathological and Molecular Study of Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) in Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Iran
محمد افشارنسب سیدعباس عارف زاده سیدرضا مرتضایی عقیل دشتیان نسب الهام جرفی

In 2007, mass mortality occurred in juvenile shrimp L. vannamei in most farms of Bousherprovince in the south of Iran. The gross sign of moribund shrimp was red discoloration in bodysurface as well as in tail and appendage. The gut of shrimp was empty and by close obser More

In 2007, mass mortality occurred in juvenile shrimp L. vannamei in most farms of Bousherprovince in the south of Iran. The gross sign of moribund shrimp was red discoloration in bodysurface as well as in tail and appendage. The gut of shrimp was empty and by close observationmany necrotic area were seen in the tail and appendage. 200 samples collected and fixed inDavidson fixative for histopathology. The small part of pelopoda was preserved in ethyl alcohol95% for polymerase chain reaction. The histopathological finding that characterize in acute formof TSV were multifocal necrosis in the cuticular epithelium and often, the subcuticularconnective tissue and at time, the underlying striated muscles, multiple, spheroid inclusion bodywere scattered the affected area of cuticle tissue. This spherical inclusion body in H&E/Phstaining showed eosinophilic to basophilic color in hind gut and stomach. The samples alsoexamined by PCR KIT for TSV infection by IQ 2000TM WIT Multivir System and IQ 2000TMTSV Detection and Prevention Kit (Farming IntelliGene Technology Corporation, Taipei,Taiwan) with the respective RNA extracts. The PCR results showed positive reaction toinfection with TSV. Manuscript profile

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12 - Measurement and Assessment of environmental and occupational health the Academic libraries in Tehran
Arezou Maghsoudi Hajar Zarei S. Mohammad S. Alavi

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the occupational health in the University Central Librarriess located in Tehran. Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey. The population consisted of central libraries of universities in Tehran (a total of 20 libraries). Data More

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the occupational health in the University Central Librarriess located in Tehran. Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey. The population consisted of central libraries of universities in Tehran (a total of 20 libraries). Data were collected using a questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: Analysis showed that the health indicators if Tehran university libraries in total, is18 percent in poor condition, 40% percent medium, 36% good condition, and 3% very good condition. Health indicators are not observed in 3% of the libraries. Conclusion: Assessment of occupational health in Central University Libraries in Tehran with safety measures, showed that occupational health and safety is in medium condition and can be considered as successful. Manuscript profile

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13 - Measurement and Assessment of environmental and occupational health the Academic libraries in Tehran
Mehdi Rahmani Mohsen Hajizaynolabedini

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the occupational health in the University Central Librarriess located in Tehran. Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey. The population consisted of central libraries of universities in Tehran (a total of 20 libraries). Data More

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the occupational health in the University Central Librarriess located in Tehran. Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey. The population consisted of central libraries of universities in Tehran (a total of 20 libraries). Data were collected using a questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: Analysis showed that the health indicators if Tehran university libraries in total, is18 percent in poor condition, 40% percent medium, 36% good condition, and 3% very good condition. Health indicators are not observed in 3% of the libraries. Conclusion: Assessment of occupational health in Central University Libraries in Tehran with safety measures, showed that occupational health and safety is in medium condition and can be considered as successful. Manuscript profile

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14 - Validation of Taurine Determination Method in Energy Drinks by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
M. Zabihi Negin M. Taherkhani

10.30495/jfbt.2023.74673.10311

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15 - Theoretical investigation of tautomerisation of 3-Amino-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5(4H)-One by using quantum calculations by DFT method.
بهزاد چهکندی

در این تحقیق بررسی توتومریزاسیون و حالت‌های گذار مولکول 3-آمینو-1H-4،2،1- تری‌آزول-5)4H (- اٌن که حاصل از انتقالات 1و3 پروتون بین اتم های اکسیژن و نیتروژن است با استفاده از محاسبات کوانتومی در سطح محاسباتیDFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)، در فاز گازی و در محیطی با حضور یک و دو م More

در این تحقیق بررسی توتومریزاسیون و حالت‌های گذار مولکول 3-آمینو-1H-4،2،1- تری‌آزول-5)4H (- اٌن که حاصل از انتقالات 1و3 پروتون بین اتم های اکسیژن و نیتروژن است با استفاده از محاسبات کوانتومی در سطح محاسباتیDFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)، در فاز گازی و در محیطی با حضور یک و دو مولکول آب انجام شده است. بدین منظور ساختار بهینه توتومرهای مختلف مولکول مورد نظر بدست آمده‌اند. همچنین با استفاده از محاسبات فرکانس در سطح محاسباتی مشابه، خواص ترمودینامیکی تعادل‌های مختلف توتومری از قبیل E∆، H∆، G∆ وKeq بدست آمده‌اند. سپس با استفاده از روش‌های QST2 و QST3 حالت های گذار تعادل‌های توتومری مختلف مولکول3-آمینو-1H-4،2،1- تری‌آزول-5)4H (- اٌن و مقادیر سینتیکی و ترمودینامیکی آنها محاسبه شده‌اند. اثرات تونل‌زنی نیز بر روی سرعت واکنش‌های مربوطه بررسی شده‌اند. نتایج نشان میدهند ثابت سرعت واکنش‌های توتومری مورد بررسی نسبت به اثرات تونل‌زنی حساسیت بالایی دارند و سرعت واکنش های توتومری در حدود چهار تا پنج برابر افزایش می‌یابند. همچنین محاسبات حالت گذارنشان می دهند در غیاب مولکول‌های آب سد انرژی مقدار بالایی دارد و سرعت واکنش های توتومری عمدتاً بدون حضور کاتالیزور خیلی آهسته بوده به عبارتی انجام‌پذیر نیستند. Manuscript profile

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16 - Investigation of C-O tautomerism in a derivative of Flucytosine: A DFT study
بهزاد چهکندی

In this research investigation of tautomerism and transition states of 6-Hydroxy 5-Flourocytosine from 1,3 proton transfer between oxygen and carbon atoms in the gas phase and in solution and in a micro hydrated environment with 1-3 water molecules was performed by quan More

In this research investigation of tautomerism and transition states of 6-Hydroxy 5-Flourocytosine from 1,3 proton transfer between oxygen and carbon atoms in the gas phase and in solution and in a micro hydrated environment with 1-3 water molecules was performed by quantum calculations at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. For this purpose, the optimized geometries of various tautomers of the desired molecule were obtained. Also by using frequency calculations at the same level thermodynamic properties of different tautomeric equilibriums such as ΔE, ΔH, ΔG and Keq were obtained. Then transition states of various tautomeric interconversion of 6-Hydroxy 5-Flourocytosine and it’s kinetic and thermodynamic amounts were calculated by QST2 and QST3 methods. And also the tunneling effects on rates of reaction were investigated. The results show in both gas phase and solution, rate constants of tautomeric reactions have high sensitivity on tunneling effects and rate of tautomeric interconversion increase by about five or more. Also transition state calculations show in absence of water assisted molecules the tautomeric interconversion reacctions have high barrier energy and so are very slow, in other word they can not be done Manuscript profile

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17 - A tautomerism in 2-amino-7H-purine-6-thiol: Theoretical study using implicit/explicit salvation models
Aeyed Javad Hosseini بیتا محمداصغری

A theoretical study at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level was performed on the tatumerization of 2-amino-7H-purine-6-thiol into 2-amino-9H-purine-6-thiol. Such a tautomerism can take place via three different pathways namely A, B, and C. The energetic results associated with More

A theoretical study at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level was performed on the tatumerization of 2-amino-7H-purine-6-thiol into 2-amino-9H-purine-6-thiol. Such a tautomerism can take place via three different pathways namely A, B, and C. The energetic results associated with the gas phase reveal that pathways A, B, and C display a very high activation Gibbs free energy of 47.6, 69.4, and 52.1 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating this process cannot take place in the gas phase. When solvent effects of water are taken into account through a continuum of a uniform dielectric constant, the gas phase activation Gibbs free energies increase to 51.1, 71.9, and 55.4 kcal/mol along pathway A, B, and C, respectively, emphasizing long range solute-solvent interactions do not play a key role in the considered tautomerization. The studied process can easily take place by inclusion of three molecules of water in which a significantly reduced activation Gibbs free energy of 24.8 kcal/mol indicates the predominance of short range solute-solvent interactions over the long range ones. Combination of short range and long range solute-solvent interactions lead to an activation Gibbs free energy of 23.6 kcal/mol for tatumerization of 2-amino-7H-purine-6-thiol into 2-amino-9H-purine-6-thiol. This value clearly points out that employing a polar and protic solvent is able to noticeably reduce the barrier of tatomerization. Manuscript profile

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18 - Study and comparison of Equilibrium vs. resonance in keto-enol tautomerization in some piroxicam derivatives
abolghasem shameli Ebrahim balali sara hallajian behrooz yousefzadeh

The Piroxicam derivatives are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and help relieve symptoms of arthritis. Which has two or more forms are tautomers, That both form tautomers due to the flexible structure and the possibility of turning around b More

The Piroxicam derivatives are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and help relieve symptoms of arthritis. Which has two or more forms are tautomers, That both form tautomers due to the flexible structure and the possibility of turning around bonding C-C, C-O, C-N and C-S. The hydrogen-bond also play a very important roles in structure compound because Intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bond in which the different. In this study, theoretical and computational accuracy using BPV860 / 6-311G ** in the gas phase with software Gaussian 03. Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on the derivetives piroxicam. Relationship between the structure and the stability of these enols was discussed. That enol- keto or imine- enamine forms easily converted into stable forms Manuscript profile

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19 - A Theoretical Study on Three Tautomeric Forms of Lenalidomide with Density Functional Theory
abolghasem shameli Shima Jonidei

In this study, the totemic structure, optical and electron properties, electron absorption spectrum, vibrational frequencies, thermodynamic properties and charge distribution of three amide and imidic acid structures of lenalidomide via quantum chemistry calculations us More

In this study, the totemic structure, optical and electron properties, electron absorption spectrum, vibrational frequencies, thermodynamic properties and charge distribution of three amide and imidic acid structures of lenalidomide via quantum chemistry calculations using density functional theory (DFT) Time-dependent (TDDFT) hybridization with B3LYP function and base set 6-311 + G ** were investigated. The computational results show that the amide structure of lenalidomide has good quantum properties that can act as a drug. The energies of the amide and imidic acid structures of lenalidomide indicate that the amide structure with little energy difference is more stable than the imidic acid structure. Calculations of excited states show that the structure of the amide lenalidomide has better adsorption properties. The nonlinear optical properties of the amide structure of lenalidomide are also higher than the imidic acid structure of lenalidomide but the chemical hardness of the amide structure is lower than that of the imidic structure, indicating that the reactivity and charge transfer of the amide structure are higher than the imidic acid structure. Manuscript profile

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20 - Theoretical study of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the exited states
ramin rafat alireza nowroozi

In the present study, tatomerism process, hydrogen bond strength and π-electron delocalization of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the singlet and triplet excites states were investigated. First, all of the H-bonded structures in exited states were op More

In the present study, tatomerism process, hydrogen bond strength and π-electron delocalization of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the singlet and triplet excites states were investigated. First, all of the H-bonded structures in exited states were optimized by CIS and TD-DFT methods. Relative energies indicate that the thiol and enol conformers are the most stable and unstable, respectively: HB Thiol < HB Selenol < HB Enol. Moreover, the electronic energies show that all of the H-bonded structures are more stable in the triplet excited state than the singlet excited state. To justify this order, the affective factors on this stability such as tautomerism, hydrogen bonding and π-electron delocalization were comprehensively investigated. Tautomeric energies express that the thiol tautomer is more stable than the others in terms of thermodynamics. Also, the activation barriers indicate that the thio⇋thiol is more prefer than the other equilibriums, from kinetic point of view. Description of different hydrogen bonds by energetic, geometrical, topological and molecular orbitals emphasize on the presence of a stronger intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) in the enol forms. Furthermore, evaluation of π-electron delocalization (π-ED) represents approximate superiority of enol conformers. The achieved results by HB and π-ED analyzes are in contrast with the mentioned stability order. Ultimately, investigation of above factors indicates that the tautomerism phenomenon plays a dominant role in determining of the structures stability in the excited states. Manuscript profile

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21 - Flavonoids from two Turkish Centaurea species and their chemotaxonomic implications
Sharmeen Uddin Lillian Alnsour Peter Segun Huseyin Servi Sezgin Celik R. Süleyman Göktürk Afaf Al-Groshi Shaymaa Al-Majmaie Stephanie T. Guetchueng Lutfun Nahar Nicola M. Dempster Fyaz M. D. Ismail Kenneth J. Ritchie Satyajit D. Sarker

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22 - The Comparison Theory of Mind Dimension in Autism Children and Normal Children Isfahan City
tahere heidari arezoo sfahmive shalar framarzi

The purpose of this study was the comparison of mind Dimensions theory in children with/ without Autism Disorders in Isfahan city. The research method was causal- Comparative. The subjects were boys(age 5-10 years) with Autism Disorders, from whom 15 children with Aut More

The purpose of this study was the comparison of mind Dimensions theory in children with/ without Autism Disorders in Isfahan city. The research method was causal- Comparative. The subjects were boys(age 5-10 years) with Autism Disorders, from whom 15 children with Autism Disorders who had suitable oral ability were selected, and 15 Normal Children who were ethnographically in harmony were chosen as the control group. Theory of mind Scale of Morris and colleagues (1999) was used to gather the data. After gathering the data the statistical analysis of variance was applied and the following results were revealed: The difference between the performance of children with Autism Disorders in theory of mind test scales was significant (P < 0.001). It shows that children with Autism Disorders were lower than the normal children in theory of mind test scores and other levels. Thus, children with Autism Disorders must receive different attention and interpretation compared with typical children. Manuscript profile

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23 - عوامل موثر بر پذیرش و استفاده از VADANA توسط دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی زاهدان در زمان همه‌گیری COVID-19: کاربرد مدل UTAUT
Mehdi Haseli Songhor Mahdiya Afrashteh Samira Afrashteh Nahid Afrashteh

10.30495/jntell.2023.1990987.1072

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل موثر بر پذیرش و استفاده از سیستم مدیریت یادگیری به نام وادانا توسط دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان بر اساس نظریه یکپارچه پذیرش و استفاده از فناوری بود. این پژوهش یک تحقیق کمّی و توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بر پایة مدل یابی معادلات ساختار More

هدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل موثر بر پذیرش و استفاده از سیستم مدیریت یادگیری به نام وادانا توسط دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان بر اساس نظریه یکپارچه پذیرش و استفاده از فناوری بود. این پژوهش یک تحقیق کمّی و توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بر پایة مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش کلیه دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان بودند. نمونه آماری این پژوهش 185 شرکت کننده (65 مرد و 120 زن) بودند که به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. جهت گردآوری داده ها، پرسشنامه ی ونکاتش و همکاران (2003) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و AMOS تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که انتظار عملکرد، شرایط تسهیل‌ گر و انتظار تلاش با قصد رفتاری و رفتار استفاده دانشجویان در استفاده از وادانا رابطه مثبت و معناداری داشتند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر اجتماعی بر قصد رفتاری و رفتار استفاده دانشجویان تأثیر معناداری نداشت. نتایج این مطالعه به مسوولان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کمک می‌کند تا سیستم‌های یادگیری آنلاین کارآمدتری را آماده کنند که در شرایط اضطراری مانند همه گیری کرونا حیاتی می باشد. Manuscript profile

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24 - Cassida palaestina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a new record for the chrysomelid fauna of Iran
Hossein Moradian Hadi Ostovan Mostafa Haghani

Samples of the tortoise beetles genus Cassida were collected on Centaurea behen L. across Gachsaran district during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2009. The beetle was identified as Cassida palaestina Reiche. This species is recorded for the first time from Iran and c More

Samples of the tortoise beetles genus Cassida were collected on Centaurea behen L. across Gachsaran district during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2009. The beetle was identified as Cassida palaestina Reiche. This species is recorded for the first time from Iran and considered an important natural control agent feeding on weedy herbs such as Centaurea behen L.  Manuscript profile

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25 - Aerobic exercise is a feasible intervention for delaying disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease
Fatemeh Akbari Mehrzad Moghadasi Sirus Farsi Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh

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26 - Study on the fauna and host plants of tortoise beetles, Cassida spp. (Col.: Chrysomelidae) in Gachsaran
H. Ostovan H. Moradian

According to faunistic studies which were carried out on the tortoise beetles genus Cassida, (Chrysomelidae) , in Gachsaran region during the years of 2009-2011. a total of three species, Cassida transcaucasica Borowiec & Swietojanska, C. persica Spaeth and C. palae More

According to faunistic studies which were carried out on the tortoise beetles genus Cassida, (Chrysomelidae) , in Gachsaran region during the years of 2009-2011. a total of three species, Cassida transcaucasica Borowiec & Swietojanska, C. persica Spaeth and C. palaestina Reiche were collected and identified. These species were identified by Prof. Borowice,L.(Poland). Two new host plants, Platycheat mucronifolia Boiss. Boiss and Centaurea behen L,(Astraceae) are recorded for  two Cassida species from Iran. Cassida persica  feeds on P. mucronifolia and C. transcaucasica  feeds on C. behen. Manuscript profile

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27 - Survey on the synthesis, mechanism and biological activities of monocyclic β-lactam compounds
Roghayeh Heiran

Nitrogen-based heterocycles have a prominent position in medicinal chemistry, and more than 75% of drugs approved by the FDA are nitrogen-containing heterocycles. β-lactams are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and are known as the core of penicillin antib More

Nitrogen-based heterocycles have a prominent position in medicinal chemistry, and more than 75% of drugs approved by the FDA are nitrogen-containing heterocycles. β-lactams are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and are known as the core of penicillin antibiotics. Since the discovery of the structure of penicillin, several strategies have been introduced for synthesis of this group of compounds. In this regard, extensive studies have been developed on the stereoselectivity of synthetic methods. In recent years, in order to obtain compounds with specific biological activities, many researchers have studied the synthesis and modification of β-lactam ring. In addition to antibacterial activity, this group of compounds has shown many other activities such as antifungal, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, etc. In addition, they are also known as cholesterol absorption inhibitors and enzyme inhibitors. It is generally believed that the activity of this group of compounds is related to the chemical activity of the β-lactam ring and the substitutions on this ring. In this review article, different kinds of synthetic methods and biological activities of synthesized monobactams, especially in the last 10 years have been discussed. Manuscript profile

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28 - Investigation into the regioisomeric composition of some fused tetrazoles
Paria Nasehi Omid Baravaye Sanaz Hafezi Birgani Mohsen Nikpour

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29 - Protonation Constants of Valin in Different Aqueous Solutions of Dimethylsulfoxide
Masumeh Jabbari Ali Shamel Farrokh Ghari

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30 - The Effect of Aerobic Step Training on Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Phosphorylated Tau Protein of Elderly Women
fatemeh dehghan haghighi lotfabadi Ali Yaghoubi

10.30495/nssem.2023.1975542.1007

the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided More

the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided into experimental (n=12) or control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed step aerobics training with an intensity of 60 to 70% of heart rate reserve, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Plasma BDNF and tau phosphorylated protein level was measured with an ELISA kit. There was no significant difference between the levels of tau phosphorylated protein in the experimental and control group in different stages (p <0.05); Also, the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that despite the decrease in the level of tau phosphorylated protein, but there was no significant difference between the levels of this index in different stages of the study (p = 0.182). The plasma BDNF level of elderly women in the post-test stage (12 weeks) in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.018). Also, plasma BDNF levels after 8 and 12 weeks in the experimental group were significantly higher than the pretest (P values were 0.021 and 0.004, respectively).These results suggest that the possible positive effects of exercise in the elderly with reduced cognitive function are not due to a decrease in the phosphorylated Tau protein and that neurogenic pathways are activated in this way. Manuscript profile

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31 - Formation of the Mithraic Temples in Northwestern Iran and Comparison with Roman Mithraeums
Javad shekari Niri

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32 - Evaluation and Ranking of Restaurants in Takestan County by Fuzzy TODIM Method Considering the Factors Affecting Customers' Satisfaction
Kavian Rahmani Jalal Rezaeenour

One of the important sectors of the tourism industry is the restaurant industry and the satisfactory experience of tourists from meals at tourist destination restaurants has a great influence on their overall satisfaction from the tourist place. The goal of the present More

One of the important sectors of the tourism industry is the restaurant industry and the satisfactory experience of tourists from meals at tourist destination restaurants has a great influence on their overall satisfaction from the tourist place. The goal of the present study is to identify the factors affecting customers' satisfaction in the restaurant industry and evaluating and ranking of the restaurants according to the factors that have been carried out in five major restaurants in Takestan county. A questionnaire was used to collect information about the importance of each factor and also the level of customers' satisfaction. The weight of each factor was determined by Friedman test and then five recommended restaurants were rated by a fuzzy TODIM method which is a multi-criteria decision-making method based on prospect theory. The results of Friedman test showed that the freshness of food, the cleanliness of the restaurant environment, the healthy food and the appropriate price of food have the greatest effect on customers' satisfaction respectively. Good behavior of staff and health of food are among the strengths of restaurants and the lack of Takestan's local food the menu and the lack of a website are part of their weaknesses and should be more noticed by the restaurant managers. According to ranking results, Takhti, Shani, Baghdadi, Sahar and Ashpazbashi Restaurants ranked first to fifth respectively. Manuscript profile

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33 - Acceptance of Mobile Banking Framework with the Development of Technology Acceptance Model
Mohammad Taleghani Zeinab Haghgoofard

Mobile banking is One of the newest technologies In the Banking with Existence Many benefits Very few users in Iran. This study aims to, Recognition Factors Effective The acceptance Mobile banking With Integration Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology And T More

Mobile banking is One of the newest technologies In the Banking with Existence Many benefits Very few users in Iran. This study aims to, Recognition Factors Effective The acceptance Mobile banking With Integration Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology And Task-Technology Fit . The study was an applied study in terms of objective and a correlation survey in terms of data collection methodology. The statistical population included all M-banking clients of refah banks in Guilan Province, Iran. So, 500 questionnaires were administered by stratified random sampling and 384 questionnaires were collected. Data collected questionnaire were collected And variables with the whole five-point Likert Measured. After data collection, the reliability of the questionnaire was scientifically confirmed as Cronbach’s alpha was estimated to be 7.0> for it. The model was analyzed by structural equations modeling method. The values of model fitting indices were found to be appropriate. Path analysis showed that the impact Kidney theories Apart from facilitating conditions to be confirmed Manuscript profile

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34 - A survey on parasitic helminthes’ infections in restaurant staffs in Tabriz
یعقوب Garedaghi

The aim of study was to identify intestinal parasitic helminthes among restaurant workers of Tabriz in 2009. For this reason, stool specimens of 270 restaurant workers were collected and examined for the presence of intestinal parasitic helminthes. Three types of techni More

The aim of study was to identify intestinal parasitic helminthes among restaurant workers of Tabriz in 2009. For this reason, stool specimens of 270 restaurant workers were collected and examined for the presence of intestinal parasitic helminthes. Three types of techniques were used: direct examination, saline sedimentation and formol-ether concentration. Most of the samples were contaminated at least with one kind of parasite (Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Schistosoma mansoni ). Whereas, 3 cases were infected with two parasite (Hymenolepis nana, Ancylostoma duodenale). The prevalence rate was 4.8% for Hymenolepis nana, and 1.1% for Ascaris lumbricoides, meanwhile the prevalence rate was 1.8% for Ancylostoma duodenale. Additionally, the blood parasite Schistosoma mansoni was also detected in 2 cases. The infection with these parasites accompanies by abdominal disorders such as diarrhea, constipation and nausea and vomiting. These results indicated that, sanitary measurements were not satisfactory. Therefore, hygienic measures along with efficient pre-employment screening tests must be performed. Manuscript profile

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35 - Comparison of oxidative stress between Cytauxzoon feli infected and healthy cats
Kimia Zafari Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian

10.30495/jvcp.2024.1984795.1413

Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects feral as well as domestic cats. This disease is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cytauxzoon. Evaluation of oxidative stress indicators can clarify the adverse effects of Cytau More

Cytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects feral as well as domestic cats. This disease is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cytauxzoon. Evaluation of oxidative stress indicators can clarify the adverse effects of Cytauxzoon¬ felis parasite on domestic cats. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of C. ¬felis parasite in cats of Shahrekord, Iran and to evaluate oxidative stress indicators in cats infected with C. ¬felis and compare it with healthy cats. This experimental study was conducted on blood samples of 100 cats that were referred to Shahrekord Veterinary Laboratory. Blood samples were taken in two separate test tubes for molecular analysis and determination of antioxidant parameters including catalase and lipid peroxidation. After collecting the samples, the PCR test was performed and oxidative stress markers were measured. The results of the present study showed that 3% of examined cats were infected with C. ¬felis, and the level of catalase enzyme in the cats infected with C. ¬felis was reduced by 9% compared to the healthy group, which was statistically significant (p=0.004). Moreover, lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased in cats infected with C.¬ felis compared to the parasite-free group (p=0.021). The findings of the present study showed that the prevalence of C.¬ felis parasite in cats was 3%. A decrease in the level of catalase enzyme and an increase in lipid peroxidation were observed in cats infected with C.¬ felis compared to cats free of the parasite. Manuscript profile

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36 - مطالعه نمو گامتوفیت ماده در گیاه گل گندم (.Centaurea depressa L)
ناصر حسنی منا ناظمی

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37 - بررسی ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس گیاه Centaurea xanthocephala (DC.) Schultz-Bip. در رویشگاه طبیعی ارومیه
فاطمه عسکری زهرا بهراد

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38 - Providing a Model for Measuring Tourist Satisfaction with the Services of Local Food Restaurants (A Case Study of Local Food Restaurants in Tehran)
Iman Chashmfasa

Today, tourism destinations must provide tourists with high quality services and unique components in order to satisfy their needs and provide them with satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting foreign tourists' satisfaction with More

Today, tourism destinations must provide tourists with high quality services and unique components in order to satisfy their needs and provide them with satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting foreign tourists' satisfaction with Persian food restaurants and to show the results through an applied model. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and a mixed method has been used to develop it. First, information from relevant scientific sources was collected and factors influencing customer satisfaction with restaurant services identified using Meta synthesis quality method. After distributing 223 questionnaires among the statistical sample and collecting them the necessary information was collected and analyzed using the factor analysis method and structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate and validate the designed model using LISREL software. The results of the study show that The quality of services including the quality of food and drink, empathy, guarantee, physical dimension, atmosphere, assurance and cultural dimensions have the greatest impact on the satisfaction of foreign tourists and their behavioral intentions, especially the willingness to revisit the restaurants. Manuscript profile

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39 - Green synthesis of Ag/Fe3O4/ZrO2 nanocomposite using aqueous Centaurea cyanus flower extract and its catalytic application for reduction of organic pollutants
Akbar Rostami-Vartooni Abolfazl Moradi-Saadatmand Mojtaba Bagherzadeh Mohammad Mahdavi

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40 - Nano-SiO2/Taurine as a new natural based catalyst for synthesis of hexahydroquinolines derivative
Saeed Sharifi Sharifabad Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili Abdolhamid Bamoniri

10.30495/ijc.2022.1959104.1936

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41 - Theoretical study on the mechanism of hydromethoxylation catalyzed by palladium(II) complex
S. Ali Beyramabadi Ali Morsali

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42 - The Effects of Restaurant Residuals in the Diet on General Performance, Egg Characteristics, Blood Parameters and Intestinal Morphology of Japanese Quails
Y. Karimi A.A. Saki H. Jahanian Najafabadi P. Zamani M. Houshyar

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43 - Reliability analysis of a robotic system using hybridized technique
Naveen Kumar Komal Komal J. S. Lather

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44 - Investigating the effects of sound pollution of the railway transport on the stem’s anatomical structures of plants Centaurea cyanus (Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss.) and Marian thistle (Silybum marianum L.)
م kolahi mehdi Aabbaspour Gholam hossein Farsian naserzadeh

Many Studies indicated the effect of environmental factors stress such as heavy elements, harmful radiation, acid rain, salt etc. on the plants, but noise stress in plants has rarely studied. Audible sound wave technology has recently been applied to plants at various p More

Many Studies indicated the effect of environmental factors stress such as heavy elements, harmful radiation, acid rain, salt etc. on the plants, but noise stress in plants has rarely studied. Audible sound wave technology has recently been applied to plants at various physiological growth stages e.g. seed germination, callus growth, endogenous hormones and mechanism of photosynthesis and transcription of certain genes. The aim of this research was survey effects of sound waves caused by railway transport on anatomic structures of Centaurea cyanus (Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss) and Marian thistle (Silybum marianum L.). Free hand sections were taken and stained in carmine and methyl blue. Thin cut sections were observed under the research microscope (Olympus) fitted with digital camera and attached with computer. The evaluation of cross-sectional, anatomy of plant tissue was done through taking micro-photographs. Our results indicated that remarkable changes has been seen in the anatomic structure of stem treatment plant in comparison with control plants such as increasing the chromaticity of cambium layers, enhancing the thickness of the sclerenchyma bundle sheath in the xylem tissues and improving the collenchymas layer of hypodermis. The sound waves of railway transport may increase of diameter and number of cell stability tissues (Sclerenchyma, collenchyma) stem of plant. Anatomical structure of plants, under the influence of the sound waves and noise pollution caused by rail transportation as an environmental stress changes fitted plants tissues. Manuscript profile

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45 - Presentation and test of service quality model for restaurant management in Islamic society
Abolghasem Ahmadi Azam Rahimi Nik Mandan Momeni

Managing restaurants in Islamic society relies on understanding its social and economic conditions and requirements.The aim of the research is to provide a service quality model with an emphasis on customer satisfaction in the restaurant industry in Islamic society.The More

Managing restaurants in Islamic society relies on understanding its social and economic conditions and requirements.The aim of the research is to provide a service quality model with an emphasis on customer satisfaction in the restaurant industry in Islamic society.The study is applied and of mixed and exploratory type.The data of the qualitative section was collected through interviews with the managers of restaurants in Tehran, and the service quality model was presented with the primary data and data analysis.The questionnaire of the quantitative part was designed according to the findings of the qualitative part and was used after checking the reliability and validity.The statistical population of the quantitative part was the customers of all the restaurants in Tehran, and according to the Karjesi-Morgan table, 385 people were surveyed.Quantitative data analysis was done with structural equation model and PLSsoftware.According to the findings obtained in coding the qualitative research data, a total of 198 concepts, 73categories and26 main categories were presented for the research model.Quantitative analysis showed that the causal conditions have an effect on the main phenomenon, i.e. service quality, with an emphasis on customer satisfaction.Service quality with emphasis on customer satisfaction, background conditions and intervening conditions have an impact on strategies. Manuscript profile

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46 - The Effect of Customers Preferences towards WOM (Case Study: Fast Food Restaurant Industry)
Javad Rafat Reza Aghamoosa Kimia Zand Habibi

This research’s main objective was investigation of theeffectofserviceencounter performance,satisfaction, trust and commitment on customer word of mouth intentionin fast foodrestaurantindustry. For information gathering about research scope that reviewed used from More

This research’s main objective was investigation of theeffectofserviceencounter performance,satisfaction, trust and commitment on customer word of mouth intentionin fast foodrestaurantindustry. For information gathering about research scope that reviewed used from two methods; librarian studies and field studies with helping the index cards and questionnaires tools for measuring the research variables. The research population wasSinbadchain restaurantcustomerin Tehran. Clustersamplingmethodwas usedto determine theRespondents. A total of 400 Questionnaires was distributed that 387 responses of them were usable for data analysis. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technics.The research findings indicate that serviceencounter performancehad significant direct effect on customer satisfactionandcustomer satisfaction had significant direct effect oncustomertrust. Thecustomertrust had significant direct effect and mediator role oncustomer commitment. Manuscript profile

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47 - The Effect of Service Quality Dimensions on Hedonic and Utilitarian Attitude and Brand Preference (Case Study: Fast Food Restaurant Industry)
Javad Rafati Mansooreh Valijani Reza Aghamoosa

This research’s main objective was the investigation on the effect of service quality dimensions on hedonic and utilitarian attitude and brand preference in fast food restaurant industry. For information gathering about research scope the researchers reviewed u More

This research’s main objective was the investigation on the effect of service quality dimensions on hedonic and utilitarian attitude and brand preference in fast food restaurant industry. For information gathering about research scope the researchers reviewed using two methods; library and field studies helping the index cards and questionnaires as tools for measuring the research variables. The research population was Boof chain restaurant customer in Tehran. Cluster sampling method was used to determine the respondents. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed that 390 responses of which were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques. The research findings indicate that physical environment and outcome qualities had significant direct effect on hedonic attitude to consumption. Also interactional and outcome qualities had significant direct effect on utilitarian attitudes. On the other hand, preference of one brand compared to others is dependent on both of hedonic and utilitarian attitudes Manuscript profile

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48 - Myth of Minotaur in the House of Asterion
Abdolhosein Farzād

The House of Asterion is a beautiful contemporary short story by Argentinean poet and writer, Jorge Luis Borges. In this story Borges creates a new myth (or a meta-myth) using an old one. The story is about Minotaur, a mythological creature in the ancient Greece with th More

The House of Asterion is a beautiful contemporary short story by Argentinean poet and writer, Jorge Luis Borges. In this story Borges creates a new myth (or a meta-myth) using an old one. The story is about Minotaur, a mythological creature in the ancient Greece with the head of a bull and the body of a man, who was imprisoned by King Minos of Crete in a gigantic labyrinth. Minotaur was eventually killed by the Athenian hero, Theseus. Borges reconstructs the story and writes it in first person narrative mode. According to Borges, the modern man is captured in the labyrinths that are the results of modernism. Yet he can free himself, all he needs is some courage. Manuscript profile

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49 - Explain a Service Quality Model with Emphasizing on Customer Satisfaction in the Restaurant Industry with Grounded Theory Approach
Abolghasem Ahmadi Azam Rahimi nik Mandan Momeni

The expansion of restaurants and increasing of competition between them has raised the issue of service quality in order to satisfy customers. The present research is qualitative and the research method is Grounded Theory. The tools used for data collection were intervi More

The expansion of restaurants and increasing of competition between them has raised the issue of service quality in order to satisfy customers. The present research is qualitative and the research method is Grounded Theory. The tools used for data collection were interview and the statistical population of the study included restaurant managers in Tehran and familiar with marketing science. The snowball method was used for sampling until the theoretical saturation was reached and finally 15 people were interviewed. Data analysis was also done through coding (open, axial and selective).From the results of data coding, 63 concepts and 26 categories were identified. Research model according to the dimensions of the Grounded Theory, ie causal conditions (market research, service competencies, restaurant food hygiene and customer orientation),the main phenomenon (how to supply food to the customer, employee empathy, the physical environment of the restaurant, customer trust and restaurant response)Underlying conditions(existing social conditions, competitive situation, cultural issues, restaurant development and Islamic values), intervention factors (social responsibility factors, customer expectations and customer payment costs), strategies (responding to customer needs, continuous quality management, management strategies), Employee Empowerment and Customer Relationship Management) and Outcomes (Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Restaurant Executive Performance, and Customer Purchasing Behavior) were presented. Manuscript profile

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50 - Some topological operators via grills
A. A. Nasef A. Azzam

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51 - Numerical solution of a type of weakly singular nonlinear Volterra integral equation by Tau Method
H. Laeli Dastjerdi M. Nili Ahmadabadi

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52 - The Tau-Collocation Method for Solving Nonlinear Integro-Differential Equations and Application of a Population Model
Atefeh Armand Zienab Gouyandeh

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53 - Change of the tautomeric preference for radical cation of pyruvic acid. DFT studies in the gas phase
Ewa Daniela Raczyńska Malgorzta Hallmann Kinga Duczmal

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54 - Tautomeric equilibria for ionized oxamic acid - inhibitor of LDH
Ewa D. Raczyńska Małgorzata Hallmann Kinga Duczmal

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55 - Tautomeric behaviors of 5-arylazobarbituric acids in different concentrations
Nader Noroozi Pesyan Jabbar Khalafy Karim Akbari Dilmaghani, Saeed Rastgar, Zahra Malekpoor, Mina Mohammadzadeh

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56 - Evaluation of Microbial Quality of Offered Foods in the Restaurant of Educational Center
Effat Farzanehnia Peyman Ghajarbeygi

10.22034/jchr.2018.544211

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57 - The effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers
tahereh sandoghdar mehrdad irani Shahabodin Gharahveysi

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers. The experiment was conducted in 45 days in the form of a completely random design with 300 piece More

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers. The experiment was conducted in 45 days in the form of a completely random design with 300 pieces of one-day-old broilers of the Ras strain, including 4 treatments, 5 repetitions and 15 birds in each repetition with the same energy and protein diets with the same rearing conditions. The experimental treatments included: the first treatment (basic diet) and the second, third and fourth treatments respectively: the basic diet along with 1 g/kg taurine amino acid, 3 g/kg taurine amino acid and 6 g/kg taurine amino acid. The results showed that body weight gain, feed consumption and food conversion ratio were significant between the experimental treatments and the control treatment during the breeding period (P0.05). But numerically, a better performance was observed with the addition of taurine supplement to the diet in these enzymes. (P > 0.05). In general, the results of this experiment showed that adding 6 grams/kg of taurine amino acid leads to an improvement in the titer of blood parameters and liver enzymes without negatively affecting the performance and characteristics of the carcass. Manuscript profile

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58 - The Study of Tau Protein and Gene Expression in the Serum and Brain Tissue of Wistar Alzheimer’s Model Rats Treated with Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter Strains
Seyedeh Roya Hesaraki Maryam Ghobeh Parichehreh Yaghmaei Hanieh Jafary

10.22034/ascij.2023.1978298.1459

Alzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction in which the patient's mental abilities, including memory gradually decline. The formation of neurofibrillary tangles inside neurons caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins is a major cause of dementia-related di More

Alzheimer's disease is a type of brain dysfunction in which the patient's mental abilities, including memory gradually decline. The formation of neurofibrillary tangles inside neurons caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins is a major cause of dementia-related diseases such as Alzheimer's. The aim of this study was to study tau protein in the brain and tau gene expression in both the serum level and brain tissue of Wistar Alzheimer's rats treated with probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium purified from yogurt. In this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6): The control group, the group of Alzheimer's-induced rats, the Sham group, and the two experimental groups in which the Alzheimer's-induced rats received the probiotic strains Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum at a dose of 2.5 × 109 CFU for one month, respectively. Tau gene expression and protein were analyzed by Real Time PCR and histopathology, respectively. The results of this study showed that both strains, especially Bifidobacterium longum, were able to reduce Tau gene expression in brain tissue and blood serum compared to Alzheimer's group. Also, both strains, especially Bifidibacterium longum, exhibited capability in inhibiting Tau neurofibrillary tangles. It seems that the probiotic strains Limosilactobacillu sreuetri and Bifidobacterium longum can be good candidates for reducing the Tau gene expression as well as Tau neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile

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59 - the expression effects of drought Stress on growth and physiological characteristics of wild and agronomy wheat genotypes
nafiseh mahdinezhad Homeyra Shahi

In order to study The Effects of drought Stress in response of wheat cultivars and wild genotype, a factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design in pot with three replications at 2017-2018 years. The wheat cultivars including (Bolani, behrang, sh More

In order to study The Effects of drought Stress in response of wheat cultivars and wild genotype, a factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design in pot with three replications at 2017-2018 years. The wheat cultivars including (Bolani, behrang, shabrang, sistan) and wild (urartu, tauschii, speltoides) were as the first factor and irrigation treatment with three levels consisted of normal (80% of water holding capacity of soil), mild stress (60%) and severe stress (40%) was as the second factor. Physiological studies include: chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Water Use Efficiency, Leaf Relative water content and the was morphological: dry matter production (dry weight of plants), stem dry weight, stem fresh weight, Root dry weight, Root fresh weight, stem length and Rott length. Analysis of variance showed that simple effect of drought stress had a significant effect on the traits chlorophyll a and b, total, carotenoids, stem dry weight, plant dry weight of plant , leaf relative water contwnt, water use efficiency and also on stem length, stem fresh weight characteristics and Root dry weight. The result of the mean comparison showed that the tolerant cultivaers had the highest stem fresh weight, plant dry weight of plant, Leaf Relative water content and Water Use Efficiency. Comparison of cultivars and wild: cultiwars of Bolani and tauschii wild life showed more resistance. Manuscript profile

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