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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of plasma-activated water effects on preservation and physicochemical properties of Petroselinum crispum and Lepidium sativum
Meysam Nikpour Farshad Sohbatzadeh Ehsan Nazifi Saeed Mirzanejhad -
Open Access Article
2 - Geomatics and Architectural Heritage: a Multi-layer Interactive Map of Tuscia-Italy
Alessia Bianco -
Open Access Article
3 - Judicial-Legal Relationship between Cryopreservation Applicants and Their Frozen Gametes in Cryopreservation Banks
Nazli Mahmoodian Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ayati Mahmood AbbasiAlthough the development of medical knowledge about human and his organs has caused better life but some of them caused legal and ethical problems. One of this aspects is Cryopreservation. Nowadays, inside of freezing human organs complete freezing of whole MoreAlthough the development of medical knowledge about human and his organs has caused better life but some of them caused legal and ethical problems. One of this aspects is Cryopreservation. Nowadays, inside of freezing human organs complete freezing of whole body is possible, too. That one of its important utilization is human gametes freezing that causes complex jurisprudent, legal, ethical, and social problems. Determination of legal persons for decision about the frozen gametes fate is one of this problems. According to the legal nature of frozen gametes and considering them as property, and as the human gametes are one part of the organs of his body, all of theories about relation between man and his body in law is true in relation between man and his gametes. So, there is a ownership relation between the man and his frozen gametes. Therefore, only the gamete owners can decide about their fate. For having decision about the abandoned frozen gametes the Cryopreservation centers try to have contacts whit gamete owners, but when there is no accessibility to their owners, then they ask the inheritors to decide about them, so if they be inaccessibility situation after that in order to determine their fate as properties, the governor is permitted to make decisions about their disposal or donation for researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The effect of preservation on soil enzymes activities in Juniperus excelsa plantation of Chahartagh
Mohammad Matinizadeh Mostafa Khoshnevis Maryam Teimouri Anoushirvan ShirvanyPreservation of forest habitats has been shown to improve soil properties, rehabilitation and overall environmental quality. Soil enzymatic activities as indicator of biological activity of the soil are used for assessment quality and soil fertility. Little work ha MorePreservation of forest habitats has been shown to improve soil properties, rehabilitation and overall environmental quality. Soil enzymatic activities as indicator of biological activity of the soil are used for assessment quality and soil fertility. Little work has considered the effects of management in forest ecosystem. The objectives of this study were to quantify the seasonal changes in enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease) of soils at areas under canopies and intercanopy at a preserved Juniperus excelsa habitat and to compare the results with a non preserved neighbor one in Chahartagh, Iran. Soil required samples were taken on May and September, 2009. Soil enzyme activities showed seasonal variation with higher activity in September in both areas. The activity of studied enzymes was significantly higher in soils under junipers at both preserved and non preserved areas. The more enzyme activity at areas under juniper may be related to a larger microbial community especially fungi under trees. The results indicated that preservation will induce changes in soil enzyme activities which affecting the functioning of soil processes such as organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation and determination of influential factors on small industries’ willingness to pay (WTP) in order to reduce the environmental pollutions (Case study: Sari County)
Hamid Amirnejad Hamed RafieeBecause of less supervision on small industries, environmental standards are applied in lower degrees and as a result, the environment will become comparatively more polluted. In this regards, 32 small industrial centers in city of Sari were investigated by cluster bran MoreBecause of less supervision on small industries, environmental standards are applied in lower degrees and as a result, the environment will become comparatively more polluted. In this regards, 32 small industrial centers in city of Sari were investigated by cluster branch sampling and contingent valuation method (CVM), and consequently, the effects of different variables on industries’ willingness to pay in order to reduce the environmental pollution were identified. Results of estimation showed that the higher effect in acceptation of bids is related to industries monthly income. By one percent of income growth, probability for acceptation of bids for environmental preservation was increased by 0.4124 units. In this study, variables such as industrial pollution, managers’ environmental information, managers’ level of education, indigenous managers, and industrial monthly income showed positive and significant effect in acceptation of bid for environmental preservation in the province. Conversely, variables of constant industries’ capital, number of industrial labors, and the amount of offered bid and average of salaries showed negative significant effect in this regards. By application of CVM estimation, annual and monthly WTP of small industries in order to preserve environment was estimated at 180842.55 and 2170110.60 Rials, respectively. Thereafter, these quantities can be used in taxation and persuasive guidelines towards the reduction of environmental pollutions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Valuation of Ecotourism in Order to Preserve the Outdoor Recreation and Promenade of Shirkooh of Yazd Zone
Mohammadreza Zare Mehrjerdi Maryam ZiaabadiIntroduction: This research has studied to determinate the value of preservation of Shirkooh zone andadjacent outdoor recreation villages and measured the individuals willingness to pay (WTP) forpreservation profits of this zone.Material and Method: Logit model was used MoreIntroduction: This research has studied to determinate the value of preservation of Shirkooh zone andadjacent outdoor recreation villages and measured the individuals willingness to pay (WTP) forpreservation profits of this zone.Material and Method: Logit model was used for measuring of individual's willingness to pay andestimation parameters of the model are based on method of maximum likely hood (ML).Result and Discussion: The results showed that 79.1% individuals have the willingness to pay forpreservation of this zone. In this study, the mean of WTP for preservation value of this zone is31250 Ir. Rials per month per household. Therefore Shirkooh promenade zone has considerablepreservation value and this value, policy and decision persuades the suitable preservation of this zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Analysis of Institution Model of the Fiftieth Principle of constitutional law under the Protection of Environmental Supporter Governmental and Nongovernmental Organizations
Seyed Behzad Lesani Azam EdalatjuThe aim of this research is the consideration of the fiftieth principle of constitutional law and the operation quality of governmental and nongovernmental organizations in the guarantee of the intentions of constitutional legislator. This research is analytic descript MoreThe aim of this research is the consideration of the fiftieth principle of constitutional law and the operation quality of governmental and nongovernmental organizations in the guarantee of the intentions of constitutional legislator. This research is analytic descriptive and author investigate by library method and arrangement index card and reference to the environmental laws. The findings indicate that the regardless of the useful activities done by competent organizations in environmental issues، the intention of constitutional law in the fiftieth principle does not ascertained yet and the main reason of this case is the motiveless and the lack of knowledge of the officials، mixture the duties of the public organizations and impossibility interference in the activities of the public organizations by NGO،s. We can emancipation our environment from the various threats and guarantee the right to environment by the ratification of environmental laws that is proportional with the day circumstances، the increase the level of the information of citizens، apply of the specialized and motive staff in public organizations and the strengthening and support the NGO،s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Application of Fuzzy Simple Additive weighting method for land evaluation for determination preservation land use in parcel A of Gheshlagh dam watershed in Kurdistan province, Western Iran
Fazlollah Ahmadi Mirghaed Babak Souri Mahtab Pir BavagharIntroduction and purpose: Land resources preservation is necessary to decrease environmental impact by human activities. There are various kinds of decision making methods to organize land resources preservation plans. In this study Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW MoreIntroduction and purpose: Land resources preservation is necessary to decrease environmental impact by human activities. There are various kinds of decision making methods to organize land resources preservation plans. In this study Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW) was applied for zoning parts of the study area which need to be preserved against any kind of land use. Materials and methods: At first, data collection was conducted and the effective criteria to decide preservation plans were defined and weighted based on verbal variables and triangular fuzzy number system. Finally, maps overlaid based on FSAW method for study area evaluation. Results: final classification of the study area showed that land classes for high, medium and low degree of priorities to apply preservation measures occupied 35, 58 and 8 percent of the study area, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The results approved that suitability of a land is classifiable for various types of land uses using FSAW. Also according to the results; central and southern parts of the study area were in most need for preservation measures since intensive uses of land were mostly concentrated in those parts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Qur'an's view on taqiyyah and limiting corporal punishment by looking at narrations and hadiths
Fazlullah ranjbar kazem Ghazizadeh Mohammad Kazem Rahman SetayeshThe use of corporal punishment, such as stoning, flogging, amputation and execution, is considered contrary to the human rights obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has provoked domestic and international reactions.One of the controversial issues in scientifi MoreThe use of corporal punishment, such as stoning, flogging, amputation and execution, is considered contrary to the human rights obligations of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has provoked domestic and international reactions.One of the controversial issues in scientific circles, which has also become a place of inquiry from the great authorities of imitation, is whether, despite the provision of corporal punishment, it is legally possible that according to the jurisprudential rule of "taqiyyah" at certain times Granted corporal punishment?The result of this research, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical method, indicates that according to the explicit and implicit meaning of Quranic verses and authentic narrations, taqiyyah is a jurisprudential rule. According to this rule, corporal punishment can be temporarily modified, changed or abolished if the integrity of the Islamic system and government is endangered. The purpose of taqiyyah is not always to save lives, to avoid danger and harm, but it can be considered the more important purpose of preserving religion and preventing its decline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Cryopreservation of Silybum marianum L. seeds.
فریده صالح Shahin Mehrpoor fatemeh jamalooCryopreservation is one of the most appropriate and safest tool to preserve plant germplasm species including plants seeds. In this temperature, physiologic activities and metabolic processes of the seeds and plant members are almost held up and seeds are able to surviv MoreCryopreservation is one of the most appropriate and safest tool to preserve plant germplasm species including plants seeds. In this temperature, physiologic activities and metabolic processes of the seeds and plant members are almost held up and seeds are able to survive at unlimited time periods.In this research, in order to preserve seeds of Silybum marianum medicinal plant, from Astereceae Family in cryopreservation condition, we used three pre-treatments: Glycerol 30 %, and plant vitrification solution 2 and Desiccation for seeds. After a week all of treatments were extracted from the liquid Nitrogen(LN) and were melted in thermae with 42°C. Then seeds were transferred to a germinator in 24°C and 16/8H optical period. Results analyzed statistically through laboratory exploration.Results show, Silybum marianum seeds' survival in LN are maintained in all three treatments among which Desiccation treatment has the highest survival percentage(93%) comparing the control (70%). Mean of seeds' length equals 101/13 mm in vitrification treatment while in control it reaches to 47/38. Thus, Desiccation treatment is recommended as an appropriate alternative to preserve this plant seeds and other Orthodox seeds for long periods of time in preserving centers of plant germplasm preservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Cryopreservation of Foeniculum vulgare L. seeds
Nayereh Ahmadi Shahin MehrpoorCryopreservation is one of the most appropriate and safest tool to preserve plant germplasm species including plants seeds. In this temperature, physiologic activities and metabolic processes of the seeds and plant members are almost held up and seeds are able to surviv MoreCryopreservation is one of the most appropriate and safest tool to preserve plant germplasm species including plants seeds. In this temperature, physiologic activities and metabolic processes of the seeds and plant members are almost held up and seeds are able to survive at unlimited time periods. In this research, in order to preserve seeds of medicinal plant Foeniculum vulgare L.(Apiaceae) in cryopreservation condition, we used three pre-treatments: Glycerol 30 %, and Plant vitrification solution 2 and Desiccation. After a week all of treated seeds were extracted from the liquid Nitrogen(LN) and were melted in Bain-Marie heater with 42°C. Then seeds were transferred to a germinator in 24°C and 16/8H optical period. Results analyzed statistically through laboratory exploration. Results show, Foeniculum vulgare L. seeds' survival in LN are maintained in all three treatments among which Glycerol 30 % treatment has the highest survival percentage 65%, then Desiccation() and PVS2 with 53% and 15% have germinated, comparing the control 83%. Thus, Glycerol 30 % is recommended as appropriate alternative to preserve this plant seeds for long periods of time in preserving centers of plant germplasm preservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigation of essential oil analysis and antioxidant properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Before and after seed cryopreservation.
Shahin Mehrpoor Nayereh Ahmadi Fatemeh Jamallou Mohamad Reza Zand monfaredIntroduction: The term "cryopreservation" refers to the storage of cells, organs, and tissues in liquid nitrogen ( 196 ° C). At this temperature, the physical and biochemical reactions of cells are virtually stopped; in these particular circumstances, the time of pr MoreIntroduction: The term "cryopreservation" refers to the storage of cells, organs, and tissues in liquid nitrogen ( 196 ° C). At this temperature, the physical and biochemical reactions of cells are virtually stopped; in these particular circumstances, the time of protection is unlimited. Storage of seeds is arguably the most efficient method for the ex situ preservation of plant genetic resources. Low storage costs and regeneration of whole plants from genetically diverse material, offer distinct advantages for the storage for conservation of seeds compared with other types of plant tissues. Method& Material: In order to preserve seeds of Foeniculum vulgare(Apiaceae) medicinal plant, in cryopreservation condition, we used Desiccation pre-treatment for seeds. After a week seeds of treatment were extracted from the liquid Nitrogen and were melted in Ben Murray with 42°C. Then treatment and control seeds were transferred to a germinator in 24°C and 16/8H optical period.The seeds were distillated by Clevenger apparatus and the essential oils obtained were analyzed by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity determined by DPPH method. Result: The percent of viability of the control seeds (83%) was observed in comparison to the treated (53%). The major component of essential oil was anethole (80.04%) comparing the control (78.6%). No adverse effects were observed on the antioxidant properties and their essential oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Cryopreservation of Cynara scoolymus L. seeds.
Farideh Saleh Shahin MehrpoorCryopreservation is one of the most appropriate and safest tool to preserve plant germplasm species including plants seeds. In this temperature, physiologic activities and metabolic processes of the seeds and plant members are almost held up and seeds are able to surviv MoreCryopreservation is one of the most appropriate and safest tool to preserve plant germplasm species including plants seeds. In this temperature, physiologic activities and metabolic processes of the seeds and plant members are almost held up and seeds are able to survive at unlimited time periods. In this research, in order to preserve seeds of Cynara scoolymus L.medicinal plant, from Asteraceae Family in cryopreservation condition, we used three pre-treatments: Glycerol 30 %, and Plant vitrification solution 2 and Desiccation for seeds. After a week all of treatments were extracted from the liquid Nitrogen(LN) and were melted in thermae with 42°C. Then seeds were transferred to a germinator in 24°C and 16/8H optical period. Results analyzed statistically through laboratory exploration. Results show, Cynara scoolymus L. seeds' survival in LN are maintained in all three treatments among which Desiccation treatment has the highest survival percentage(95%), comparing the control (90%). Mean of seedlings' length equals 53 mm in control while in Glycerol 30 % it reaches to 74.46 mm . Thus, Desiccation is recommended as appropriate alternative to preserve this plant seeds for long periods of time in preserving centers of plant germplasm preservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Principles of social ethics in Saadi Park
Fatemeh Azmat Madar Reza Ali Norouzi Hassan Ali Bakhtiar NasrabadiSaadi is one of the greatest Iranian writers and great social educators who wrote "Bustan" in 655 AH. This work is one of the greatest sources in the field of education because it contains many social and moral anecdotes and teachings. The purpose of this research is t MoreSaadi is one of the greatest Iranian writers and great social educators who wrote "Bustan" in 655 AH. This work is one of the greatest sources in the field of education because it contains many social and moral anecdotes and teachings. The purpose of this research is to return to the cultural and literary sources of the past and introduce Saadi's views as one of the instructors of the Islamic school in the field of social ethics. In Bustan, we discussed that in the final conclusion, principles such as justice, humility, preservation of language, enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, good temperament, service to the people, negligence and benevolence were categorized and examined by quoting verses from the garden. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Evaluation of human sperm parameters after cryopreservation process with myoinositol antioxidant treatment in asthenoteratozoospermia patients
rahil jannatifar hamid piroozmanesh lila naserpoorInroduction & Objective: Myoinositol, which is one of the components of cell membranes with its strong antioxidant properties, has a high potential to neutralize the damage caused by freezing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Myoinositol antioxida MoreInroduction & Objective: Myoinositol, which is one of the components of cell membranes with its strong antioxidant properties, has a high potential to neutralize the damage caused by freezing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Myoinositol antioxidant on sperm sperm parameters after cryopreservation process Material and Methods: Samples of 20 patients with asthenotratospermia referred to Qom University Jihad Infertility Treatment Center were evaluated in three groups: before cryopreservation (control), cryopreservation, cryopreservation + myoinositol. The Sperm parameters such as motility, morphology, and viability were assessed using WHO, Papanicolaou, and eosin-necrosin staining, respectively, to evaluate the integrity of the plasma membrane using the HOST technique, as well as to evaluate the degree of DNA fracture by the Halo sperm technique. Results: The results showed that incubation of myoinositol with freezing medium of sperm (cryopreservation + myoinositol) increases sperm motility and viability (P <0.05). Also, a significant increase in sperm motility was achieved after incubation of myoinositol with sperm sample (cryopreservation + myoinositol) (P <0.05). The results of the present study showed that incubation of myoinositol with freezing medium of sperm significantly reduces the amount of DNA damage (P <0.05). Plasma membrane integrity and sperm mitochondrial membrane potential also increased significantly in cryopreservation + myoinositol group (P <0.05). However, sperm morphology did not show a significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: Our results show that my inositol can reduce the destructive effects of the freeze-thaw process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparative study of impact of docetaxel on the cytoskeleton of mouse oocytes after vitrification with two different cryopreservation solutions
Hamed Daneshpazhouh Nasim Hayati Roodbari Mehdi Dianatpour Zahra Khodabandeh Yaser TahamtaniInroduction & Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of docetaxel on the survival rate and in vitro fertilization of oocytes after vitrification by two cryopreservation solution.Materials and Methods: For this NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old MoreInroduction & Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of docetaxel on the survival rate and in vitro fertilization of oocytes after vitrification by two cryopreservation solution.Materials and Methods: For this NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were superovulated by injecting PMSG and HCG. Oocytes are surrounded by cumulus and corona cells and must be denuded by 0.1% hyaluronidase enzyme. The oocytes were then divided into 8 experimental groups including control, docetaxel, docetaxel + vitrification 1 solution; docetaxel + vitrification1; vitrification1; docetaxel + vitrification 2 solution; docetaxel + vitrification2; vitrification2. Mature oocytes were vitrified in ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions at 15% concentration and 0.5 M sucrose in cryopreservation solution1 and ethylene glycol and glycerol at 7.5 concentration and 0.5 M sucrose in cryopreservation solution2. After thawing, their survival and fertilization rates were assessed up to the two-cell stage. Staining of the microtubules in the oocytes was performed with alpha-tubulin antibody.Results: The results showed a significant difference in survive and fertilization rates compared to the control group (P<0.05). The rate of survival and formation of 2-cell embryos in the first cryopreservation group decreased compared to the second cryopreservation group but the two groups were not statistically significant. The results showed that survival and fertilization rates in pre-incubated groups with docetaxel were higher than non-incubated groups.Conclusion: Docetaxel could improve reproductive techniques by reducing the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Application of Biosurfactants in Food Preservation
Ali Salhinasab Asyeh Sabernejad Mehdi HassanshahianSurfactants have received much attention as amphipathic compounds due to their widespread use. The production of surfactants by microorganisms (biosurfactants) has advantages such as toxicity less than chemical methods. Due to its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properti MoreSurfactants have received much attention as amphipathic compounds due to their widespread use. The production of surfactants by microorganisms (biosurfactants) has advantages such as toxicity less than chemical methods. Due to its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties, the use of biosurfactants in food preservation can be very valuable. In this study, a review, as well as a bibliometric analysis of the use of biosurfactants in food storage, has been performed. Documents were collected from the Scopus database and then analyzed using VOSviewer software. Examining the documents, it was found that only 15 documents have been published in this regard. The share of immunology and microbiology is higher than other fields, and India has published the most documents in this database with 6 documents. The small number of documents and the lack of documents such as conference papers and book chapters can indicate the lack of research done despite the great importance of the subject matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigation of Lactoperoxidas enzyme, functional system and its application in industries
Masoomeh Delfani Mahnaz Hashemi RavanThe production of healthy and safe food is considered as one of the most important goals of the food industry, and it is impossible to achieve this without using various processes and preservatives. However, recently, concerns about the use of chemical preservatives hav MoreThe production of healthy and safe food is considered as one of the most important goals of the food industry, and it is impossible to achieve this without using various processes and preservatives. However, recently, concerns about the use of chemical preservatives have increased, so that attention has been focused on the use of minimal or no chemical preservatives in food products. Therefore, researchers and food manufacturers are trying to produce products using natural preservatives such as antimicrobial enzymes. Lactoperoxidase, as an example of antimicrobial enzymes, which is the second most abundant natural enzyme in milk. Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a member of a large group of mammalian hemoperoxidases, which includes myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). LPO is found in exocrine secretions, including milk. This substance is responsible for inactivating a wide range of microorganisms and is therefore an important component of the body's defense mechanism. With the help of hydrogen peroxide, it catalyzes the oxidation of halides, pseudohalides and organic aromatic molecules. This review deals with various details of this protein from its discovery to understanding its structure, function, applications and positive antimicrobial effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Explaining a Conceptual Model for Sustainable Regeneration of the River Valleys of the City of Tehran (Case study: Darakeh River Valley in Tehran)
Kimia Moazeni Mojtaba Rafieian Mohammad Saeid Izadi Esmaeil Salehi -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigating the effect of diluents contained EDTA and Propylene glycol on survival of Ghezel ram frozen semen
parisa Shafaati Gholamali Moghaddam hossein daghighkia sadegh AlijaniThe present study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of EDTA and propylene glycol on quality and survival of Ghezel ram frozen semen. After primary evaluations on fresh semen for parameters including total motility, progressive motility, non MoreThe present study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of EDTA and propylene glycol on quality and survival of Ghezel ram frozen semen. After primary evaluations on fresh semen for parameters including total motility, progressive motility, non-progressive motility, viability, abnormal sperm, and acrosome integrity in total cell and acrosome integrity in dead cells, samples with a concentration of 2.5 billion sperm and a progressive motility of over 70% and a volume greater than 0.5 ml were diluted with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 mM EDTA and 1, 2, 3% propylene glycol as an additive and propylene glycol 7% as a constitute. Straws (250 µl) were filled with dilution and were placed in a refrigerator for 1.5 to 2 hours to cool to reach 5°C. After cooling they are placed in 4-5 cm above nitrogen for 8-10 minutes and ultimately were immersed in liquid nitrogen. qualitative parameters of sperm included viability, total motility, progressive and non-progressive motility, hypo osmotic swelling test, percentage of acrosome integrity and acrosome health in dead cells were investigated in 0, 20, 40 and 60 days of freezing processes. The results of this experiment showed that diluent with 1% propylene glycol concentration in comparison with other group improved total and progressive motility, percentage of viability, acrosome integrity and HOST (p0.05). The results showed that dilutions of EDTA and propylene glycol could improve quantitative parameters of ram semen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction on frozen sperm quality of Ghezel ram
parisa shafaati gh moghaddamThe ability of sperm to move and reach the oocyte for fertilization and fertility depends on different factors such as morphometry, liquefaction and semen viscosity. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction of sem MoreThe ability of sperm to move and reach the oocyte for fertilization and fertility depends on different factors such as morphometry, liquefaction and semen viscosity. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction of semen on Ghezel ram frozen sperm quality. Semen was collected once a week for 3 weeks from 5 Ghezel rams. Initial assessments included total and progressive motility, viability, abnormal sperm percentage, concentration, viscosity, morphometry, and liquefaction. Samples with a concentration of 2.5 billion sperm and a progressive motility of over 70% were used for dilution. After dilution, straws (0.25 ml) were filled and after cooling and reaching the temperature of 5°C in the refrigerator, were placed 4-5 cm above liquid nitrogen for 8-10 min and then, ultimately were immersed in liquid nitrogen. The traits of motility and sperm health were assessed on days 0, 20, 40 and 60 of cryopreservation. The results showed that motility traits and viability were significantly reduced over time of cryopreservation (p<0.05). Furthermore, the results of this study showed a negative and significant correlation between drop length and plasma membrane health (p<0.05). Also, it was shown that there was a positive and significant correlation between semen string length and total motility (p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between liquefaction and total motility, progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity (p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between tail length and total sperm length with plasma membrane health (p<0.01). The findings of the present study indicated that the shorter the liquefaction time, sperm tail length and total length of sperm, the qualitative traits of sperm will be better preserved in the freezing process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The importance and characteristics of sperm diluents
gh moghaddam parisa shafaatiDespite the significant progress in sperm cryopreservation methods in recent years, the research has proven that long-term storage of sperm in freezing and cold storage causes serious damage to sperm. The occurrence of fat peroxidation and the metabolism of spermatozoid MoreDespite the significant progress in sperm cryopreservation methods in recent years, the research has proven that long-term storage of sperm in freezing and cold storage causes serious damage to sperm. The occurrence of fat peroxidation and the metabolism of spermatozoids causes the destruction of spermatozoa during freezing and storage. Temperature shock, the formation of intracellular ice crystals, cellular dehydration, increased salt concentration and osmotic shock may occur during the freezing and thawing process. In addition, cryopreservation causes harmful structural changes in the plasma membrane. Changes in membrane permeability to some ions such as calcium during the freezing and thawing process have been reported. Also, during cryopreservation, the formation of intracellular and extracellular ice causes cell destruction and death. The sperm plasma membrane is the main site of damage during the freezing and thawing process and is very sensitive to lipid peroxidation due to the presence of many unsaturated fatty acids. These changes may be having a role in the accumulation of toxic products of metabolism, mainly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated through lipid peroxidation of sperm membranes. In small amounts, ROS play an important role in sperm capacitation, increased sperm motility, acrosome reaction, and oocyte fertilization in humans, cows, horses, pigs, and rams. For this purpose, to solve these problems, various antioxidants, preservatives and chelators are used in sperm extenders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Designing a Paradigm Model to Establish Idiosyncratic Deals in Private Companies: a Grounded Theory Approach
Mahdieh Vishalghi Abbasali Rastgar Aliasghar RouholaminThe purpose of the current study was to design a paradigm model in order to establish idiosyncratic deals within private companies of Iran. In this research, a qualitative method based on the grounded theory was utilized. Semi-structured interviews and Strauss and Corbi MoreThe purpose of the current study was to design a paradigm model in order to establish idiosyncratic deals within private companies of Iran. In this research, a qualitative method based on the grounded theory was utilized. Semi-structured interviews and Strauss and Corbin data analysis were conducted to gather the data. Sampling was carried out using a theoretical sampling approach, and purposive-judgmental and snowball sampling techniques. After analyzing the results of the interviews with 19 professors and experts within private companies, in the process of open, axial, and selective coding, an idiosyncratic deals paradigm model was presented with 6 topics and 28 concepts. Based on the results, the casual factors influencing idiosyncratic deals within private companies are as follows: “hierarchical structures”, “motivation and collaboration”, “wage payment systems”, “resilience”, “behavior and task-oriented leadership style”, “employment limitations”, “lack of satisfaction among employees”, and “unwillingness to change”, the”, “strategic vision of the company”, and the intervening conditions are “managers’ support”, “negotiation power”, “management personal traits”, “leader-member exchanges”, “Adhocracy system within the company”, “meritocracy strategies”, “increased employees’ bargaining power”, “flexible work environment”, “providing novel ICT platforms”, “structural changes”, “improving service compensation system”, “decentralization”, “psychological empowerment”, and “holistic communication”. Moreover, establishing idiosyncratic deals can have “personal consequences” as well as “organizational consequences”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of Vitrification on Survival of Medicago polymorpha L. Cryopreserved Seeds
مه لقا Ghorbanli رکسانا Bonyadi عباس Ghamari Zare شکوفه ShahrzadIn this research a new method for long term conservation of Medicago polymorpha seeds was developed by using cryopreservation. Two year cold acclimated seeds, collected from Iran rangelands, were desiccated using silica gel for four days and then cryopreserved by vitrif MoreIn this research a new method for long term conservation of Medicago polymorpha seeds was developed by using cryopreservation. Two year cold acclimated seeds, collected from Iran rangelands, were desiccated using silica gel for four days and then cryopreserved by vitrification method. Seeds were loaded by loading solution containing 2 M glycerol and 0.6 M sucrose for 20 min and then inserted into cryo-vials containing 0.5 ml PVS2 in 0 °C prior to direct immersed into liquid nitrogen. Seeds were kept in liquid nitrogen for a week then thawed in 37 °C water bath for 2 min. The seeds were rehydrated and detoxified in a solution of MS medium salts containing 1.2 M sucrose respectively for 5, 10 and 15 min in 22 °C. At the final stage of post-treatment, three different procedures were used: (a,b) placing seeds under running water for 30 min and 24 h before being transferred to petri-dishes containing moist filter paper, (c) sterilization of seeds with 2% hypochloride then placed on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/lit GA3. Germination percentage of cryopreserved seeds in all three post-treatments was higher than control (not cryopreserved seeds). This figure was respectively 94.37% and 98.21% for cryopreserved seeds of post-treatments a and b which was different at 0.05 levels with controls. However, germination percentage (76.16%) of cryopreserved seeds in post-treatment c showed no significant difference with control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Revitalizing Identity in Imamzadeh Yahya's Region with Emphasis on the Concept of Artistic Cultural Values
Mahsa pirahmadi hamid majedi Zahra Sadat Saeideh ZarabadiNowadays, with the continuous growth of urbanization, various problems have started to grapple the cities more than ever. One of the issues, which is both the cause and effect of many urban problems, is the existence of the ancient texture in the heart of today's cities MoreNowadays, with the continuous growth of urbanization, various problems have started to grapple the cities more than ever. One of the issues, which is both the cause and effect of many urban problems, is the existence of the ancient texture in the heart of today's cities. Protecting these valuable historical sections, such as District 12 of Tehran and especially Oudlajan is important. The scope of this article is to study the role of artistic cultural values in the exterior of modern and historical buildings emphasizing on revitalizing identity in Imamzadeh Yahya's region. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Analyzing the characteristic values of five examples of historical houses in that neighborhood and comparing them with the exterior of the newly built houses as well as surveying the residents, it was concluded that these values can be used as a model for maintaining the identity of a region. It is important to get the idea from the modern world and integrate it with the traditional world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effect of DNA in Image Steganography on Privacy Preservation in Smart City
Habib Esmaeelzadeh Rostam Homayun Motameni Rasul Enayatifar -
Open Access Article
27 - Role of extracted bacteriocins from standard isolates as biological preservatives against isolated pathogenic bacteria from different types of fresh meat
Maryam Behbodipour Nima BahadorDue to the increasing demand for the high quality of meat products, long shelf life, and minimum processing, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the two standard strains Lactobacillus delbrukii subspp delbrukii )PTCC 1333( and Lactobaci MoreDue to the increasing demand for the high quality of meat products, long shelf life, and minimum processing, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the two standard strains Lactobacillus delbrukii subspp delbrukii )PTCC 1333( and Lactobacillus fermentum (PTCC 1744) on the most common isolated bacteria from meat. In this study, 50 meat samples including red meat, minced meat, and fish were purchased from different areas of Shiraz city. The samples were transferred to the lab and cultivated in Nutrient Broth as well as blood agar. Then the isolates were purified and the most common isolates identified using biochemical tests. The inhibitory activity of the two strains lactobacillus supernatant against the most common isolates was investigated by the good diffusion agar method. As well as to prevent the inhibitory effects of organic acids and H2O2, the supernatant was treated with sodium hydroxide and catalase enzyme. Finally, the most common isolates were identified by PCR molecular technique. Common bacteria were reported by the molecular test as Escherichia coli (16.6%), Enterobacter cloacae (16.6%), Hafnia alvei (50%), and Aeromonas salmonicida (16.6%). The greatest effect of lactic acid bacteria on Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, and Aeromonas salmonicida was observed. Among the two standard strains of lactobacillus, Lactobacillus delbrukii has a greater effect on isolated bacteria. The supernatant of the two lactobacilli, without neutralizing with Sodium Hydroxide and catalase, had antimicrobial activity against the most common isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس 5 گیاه دارویی اندمیک از تیره نعناعیان
بهزاد حامدی زینب محمدی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: در مطالعه حاضر هدف اصلی تعیین خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس پنج گونه گیاه دارویی بود. روش تحقیق: اسانس های 5 گونه گیاه دارویی انحصاری ایران شامل مرزه بختیاری، آویشن شیرازی، آویشن دنایی، آویشن کرمانی و کاکوتی از تیره نعناعیان به روش تقطیر با آب به دست آمدند. در شر Moreمقدمه و هدف: در مطالعه حاضر هدف اصلی تعیین خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس پنج گونه گیاه دارویی بود. روش تحقیق: اسانس های 5 گونه گیاه دارویی انحصاری ایران شامل مرزه بختیاری، آویشن شیرازی، آویشن دنایی، آویشن کرمانی و کاکوتی از تیره نعناعیان به روش تقطیر با آب به دست آمدند. در شرایط آزمایشگاهی خاصیت ضدباکتریایی به دو روش انتشار دیسک و رقت سازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که اسانس های اغلب گیاهان مورد استفاده در این آزمایش دارای خاصیت ضدباکتریایی موثری بودند. به طوری که قطر هاله ممانعت از رشد باکتری بین 7 تا 33 میلی متر بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: اسانس های گیاهان دارویی ایران خصوصاً آویشن دنایی و مرزه بختیاری می توانند به عنوان یک نگهدارنده ضدباکتریایی طبیعی استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - خط مشی سرمایه گذاری جهت ارزیابی زنجیره تامین الکتریسیته: یک حالت مطالعه در صنعت برق
مژگان پورعلیزادهاتلاف منابع موجود و تاثیرات مضر انتشارات سمی یک نقش اساسی را در ارزیابی پایداری بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی، انتقال و توزیع در صنعت برق ایفا میکند. سرمایه گذاری در اختصاص ظرفیتهای متناسب و کنترل دقیق منابع میتواند بطور قابل توجه ای تاثیرات منفی انتشاز گازهای آلاینده و انرژی Moreاتلاف منابع موجود و تاثیرات مضر انتشارات سمی یک نقش اساسی را در ارزیابی پایداری بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی، انتقال و توزیع در صنعت برق ایفا میکند. سرمایه گذاری در اختصاص ظرفیتهای متناسب و کنترل دقیق منابع میتواند بطور قابل توجه ای تاثیرات منفی انتشاز گازهای آلاینده و انرژی تلف شده را در زنجیره تامین الکتریسیته کاهش دهد. این مقاله یک مدل بر اساس تحلیل پوششی داده ها را جهت ارزیابی پایداری زنجیره تامین بوسیله مدیریت منابع مضر و کنترل گازهای گلخانه ای در بخشهای انرژی، نیروگاهی ، انتقال و توزیع ارایه مینماید. هدف این مطالعه تعیین ناحیه های سرمایه گذاری موثر و محدود در بخشهای زنجیره تامین برای کاهش گازهای آلاینده میباشد در واقع روش ارایه شده ناحیه های موثر در سرمایه گذاری یک زنجیره تامین را از بخشهای غیر موثر مشخص مینماید بطوریکه افزایش سرمایه گذاری در بخشهایی با سطح باللایی از فرصتهای سرمایه گذاری سبب کاهش قابل توجه ای از گاز فلر، گازهای گلخانه ای در بخشهای انرژی و نیروگاهی و مهار تلفات برق در خطوط انتقال و توزیع می شود. نتایج بدست آمده از اجرای مدل ارایه شده نشان می دهند که 60 درصد از زنجیره های تامین دارای یک شبکه توزیع با سطح بالایی از فرصتهای سرمایه گذاری جهت کاهش تلفات برق می باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Comparative Evaluation of Ascorbic Acid Supplementation in Tris-Egg Yolk Based Extender and Triladyl® Extender on Post-Thaw Kinematics Parameters of Sahiwal Bull Semen
H. Abdul Rauf R.E. Qadeer F.U. Hassan M. Tarique Tunio M.F. Bhutta S. Imran -
Open Access Article
31 - اثر سطوح مختلف زرده تخم مرغ روی خصوصیات ذخیرهسازی منی بز سیاه بنگال در رقیقکننده تریس-زرده تخم مرغ-سیترات-فروکتوز-گلیسرول
ال. گویجن سینق ک. رای ب. سرکاراین مطالعه برای ارزیابی خصوصیات فیزیکی و مرفولوژیکی منی تازه و منی پیش از انجماد و یخ گشایی شده بز سیاه بنگال انجام شد. نمونهها در رقیق­کننده تریس-زرده تخم­ مرغ-سیترات-فروکتوز-گلیسرول دارای 4 غلظت متفاوت (5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10 درصد) از زرده تخم مرغ عمل­آوری شدند Moreاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی خصوصیات فیزیکی و مرفولوژیکی منی تازه و منی پیش از انجماد و یخ گشایی شده بز سیاه بنگال انجام شد. نمونهها در رقیق­کننده تریس-زرده تخم­ مرغ-سیترات-فروکتوز-گلیسرول دارای 4 غلظت متفاوت (5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10 درصد) از زرده تخم مرغ عمل­آوری شدند. انزال­ها (48 انزال) به صورت هفتگی و به مدت 8 هفته از 6 بز بالغ با استفاده از واژن مصنوعی جمع­آوری شد. یک کاهش عمومی در مقادیر فراسنجه­های پیش و پس از انجماد از قبیل حرکت پیش­رونده اسپرم (درصد)، اسپرم زنده (درصد)، یکپارچگی اکروزوم (درصد) و اسپرم مثبت (درصد) در آزمون HOS، ولی یک افزایش کلی در اسپرم­های غیر ­طبیعی در مقایسه با اسپرم تازه برای رقیق­کننده­های حاوی غلظت­های متفاوت زرده تخم­ مرغ مشاهده شد. بهترین مقادیر برای تمامی فراسنجه­های منی با استفاده از رقیق­کننده حاوی 5/2 درصد زرده تخم ­مرغ به دست آمد. از بین غلظت­های زرده تخم ­مرغ، غلظت 10 درصد بالاترین اسپرم غیر طبیعی را سبب شد، که در مقایسه با غلظت­های 5/2 و 5 درصد معنی­دار (05/0P<)، ولی در مقایسه با غلظت 5/7 درصد غیر معنی­دار بود (05/0P>). حرکت پیش­رونده اسپرم تنها فراسنجه­ای بود که به طور ­معنی­داری (05/0P<) بین غلظت­های متفاوت رقیق کننده (5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10 درصد) متفاوت بود. نتیجه­گیری اینکه منی بز سیاه بنگال می­تواند به طور مؤثری با استفاده از رقیق­کننده تریس-زرده تخم­ مرغ-فروکتوز-گلیسرول حاوی 5/2 درصد زرده تخم ­مرغ (v/v) در شرایط انجماد نگهداری شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - تأثیر آنتیاکسیدان D-آسپارتیک اسید و سرعت یخگشایی بر فرآیند انجماد-یخگشایی منی قوچ
ح. دقیق کیا ص. وطنخواهاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثر D-آسپارتیک اسید (D-Asp) به عنوان مکمل آنتی­اکسیدانی و سرعت یخ­گشایی بر تحرک، یکپارچگی غشاء، ناهنجاری، زنده­مانی، فعالیت میتوکندریایی، میزان مالون ­دی آلدهید، فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی و ظرفیت کل آنتی­اکسیدانی بعد از فرآین Moreاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثر D-آسپارتیک اسید (D-Asp) به عنوان مکمل آنتی­اکسیدانی و سرعت یخ­گشایی بر تحرک، یکپارچگی غشاء، ناهنجاری، زنده­مانی، فعالیت میتوکندریایی، میزان مالون ­دی آلدهید، فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی و ظرفیت کل آنتی­اکسیدانی بعد از فرآیند انجماد–یخ­گشایی اسپرم قوچ انجام گرفت. نمونه­های منی از پنج رأس قوچ بالغ (4-3 ساله) گرفته شده و با استفاده از رقیق­کننده (5/1 درصد لستین سویا و 7 درصد گلیسرول)، بدون آنتی اکسیدان (شاهد) و دارای D-Asp (5، 10 و 15 میلی­گرم در لیتر) محافظت انجمادی شدند. پایوت­های منجمد شده با استفاده از حمام آب گرم با دمای °C 37 در مدت 30 ثانیه و در دمای °C 60 به مدت 6 ثانیه یخ­گشایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن 10 میلی­گرم بر لیتر از D-Asp باعث بهبود معنی­دار درصد حرکت پیش­رونده، میانگین مسیر طی شده (VAP) و سرعت در خط مستقیم (VSL) اسپرم­ها بعد از فرآیند انجماد-یخ­گشایی شد (05/0>P). میزان یکپارچگی غشاء پلاسمایی، فعالیت میتوکندریایی، زنده­مانی، ظرفیت کل آنتی­­اکسیدانی و فعالیت گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز در نمونه­های دریافت کننده10 میلی­گرم در لیتر D-Asp نسبت به دیگر تیمارها بالاتر بود (05/0>P). در همین حال، ناهنجاری کل در نمونه­های دریافت کننده 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر D-Asp نسبت به 15 میلی­گرم در لیتر و یا گروه کنترل کاهش معنی­داری داشت (05/0>P). نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که سطح مالون دی آلدهید در گروه دریافت کننده 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر D-Asp نسبت به دیگر تیمارها کمتر بود (05/0>P). اثر متقابل معنی­داری بین غلظت­های مختلف D-Asp و متدهای مختلف ذوب منی منجمد مشاهده نشد. استفاده از روش ذوب منی در دمای °C 37 و در مدت 30 ثانیه باعث بهبود معنی­دار زنده­مانی اسپرم و فعالیت میتوکندریایی شد (05/0>P). به طورکلی، نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که افزودن 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر D-Asp اثرات مفیدی بر روی کیفیت منی قوچ بعد از انجماد و یخ­گشایی می­شود. بنابراین افزودن این آنتی اکسیدان در مقادیر مناسب به عنوان یکی از اجزای رقیق­کننده­های انجمادی منی قوچ قابل توصیه می­باشد. استفاده از پروتکل دمای ذوب °C 60 به مدت 6 ثانیه نمی­تواند جایگزین مطلوبی با پروتکل ذوب منی منجمد در دمای °C 37 و در مدت 30 ثانیه باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Morus nigra Fruit Extract Safeguards Frozen Thawed Bovine Sperm Parameters
S. Suleman M.A. Kanwal R. Ali N. Kanwal S. Yasmeen M.Y. Mehmood S. Siddique S.N. Ahmad A. Younis I. Inayat K. Raees Ahmad -
Open Access Article
34 - Cryopreservation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells of Native Goat of Iran
M. Mohebbi G. Moghaddam B. Qasemi-Panahi H. Daghigh Kia S.A. Rafat G. Hamidian -
Open Access Article
35 - Effect of the Addition of Insulin Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) on Cryopreservation of Hariana Bull Semen
G.V. Singh A. Kumar V. Sachan J.K. Agrawal A. Saxena -
Open Access Article
36 - Supplemental Glutathione Improves Post-Thaw Quality of Holstein Bulls Sperm in a Nanomicelle based Extender
T. Nadri A. Towhidi S. Zeinoaldini G. Riazi M. Zhandi M. Sharafi -
Open Access Article
37 - اثرات آنتیاکسیدانی عصاره الکلی مرزنجوش بر روی پارامترهای کنتیکی، میکروسکوپیکی و اکسیداتیوی اسپرمهای گاو نر هلشتاین
ح. دقیق کیا ر. فرهادی ا. اشرفی م. مهدیپورگیاه مرزنجوش دارای سطوح بالایی از ترکیبات فنولی نظیر اسید گالیک و فنل­هایی نظیر اسید رزمارینیک و کوئرسیتین است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات عصاره مرزنجوش به عنوان آنتی­اکسیدان طبیعی، بر روی کیفیت منی منجمد-یخ­گشایی شده گاو نر هلشتاین بود. اسپرم­گیری د Moreگیاه مرزنجوش دارای سطوح بالایی از ترکیبات فنولی نظیر اسید گالیک و فنل­هایی نظیر اسید رزمارینیک و کوئرسیتین است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات عصاره مرزنجوش به عنوان آنتی­اکسیدان طبیعی، بر روی کیفیت منی منجمد-یخ­گشایی شده گاو نر هلشتاین بود. اسپرم­گیری دو بار در هفته، به مدت دو ماه و از سه گاو نر هلشتاین (6-5 ساله با میانگین وزنی 800 کیلوگرم) انجام گرفت. عصاره اتانولی مرزنجوش در مقادیر 20، 16، 12، 8، 4، 2 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر رقیق­کننده به­رقیق کننده بر پایه سیترات-زرده تخم مرغ افزوده شد. بعد از یخ­گشایی نمونه­های منی، پارامترهای تحرکی اسپرم، زنده­مانی و یکپارچگی غشاء به ترتیب توسط سیستم کاسا، رنگ آمیزی ائوزین-نیگروزین و تست التهاب هیپواسمتیک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. همچنین مقادیر مالون دی آلدهاید و فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج بیانگر بالا بودن درصد تحرک (98/7±34/72) در نمونه دریافت کننده 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش بود (05/0>P). افزودن 2 و 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش باعث بهبود معنی­دار میزان تحرک، یکپارچگی غشاء پلاسمایی اسپرم­ها بعد از فرآیند انجماد-یخ­گشایی نسبت به گروه شاهد شد. افزودن 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش باعث کاهش غلظت مالون دی آلدهاید نسبت به گروه شاهد شد (05/0>P). میزان فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز در نمونه­های دریافت کننده 8 و 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت (به ترتیب 18/0±86/1 و 28/0±92/1 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین؛ 13/0±54/4 و 28/0±28/4 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) (05/0>P). میزان فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز به طور معنی­داری در نمونه­های دریافت کننده 4 و 8 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش افزایش یافت (05/0>P). به طور کلی، افزودن 2 و 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش به رقیق­کننده منی باعث بهبود کیفیت منی بعد از انجماد-یخ­گشایی ­شد که ممکن است به دلیل افزایش فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی و کاهش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Effect of Varying Protein Levels and Preservation Methods and Duration on Egg Production Performance and External Egg Qualities of Japanese Quails in a Semi-Arid Environment
ن. موحامد اس. آلتینه آ. ابوبکر یو.ام. چاف ام.ام. میکایلو -
Open Access Article
39 - Encapsulation of Protocorm of Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. for Short-Term Storage and Germplasm Exchange
Ganesan MahendranThe present study describes the encapsulation of protocorm of Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. from 60 days-old in seed cultures for short- term conservation and propagation. Various concentrations and combinations of gelling matrix (sodium alginate) and complexing agents (calc MoreThe present study describes the encapsulation of protocorm of Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. from 60 days-old in seed cultures for short- term conservation and propagation. Various concentrations and combinations of gelling matrix (sodium alginate) and complexing agents (calcium chloride) were tested to prepare uniform beads. The ideal beads were ob- tained through a combination of 3% sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride. Encapsulated protocorms exhibited the best re-growth and con- version frequency on MS medium supplemented with BA (4.42 μM). En- capsulated protocorms stored at 25°C were green and retained the viability with potential for conversion (52%) and germination even after 360 days. The encapsulated protocorms stored at 4°C remained viable up to 30 days beyond which the conversion rate decreased drastically. Well-de veloped plantlets were transplanted into plastic pots containing vermiculite and maintained for 60 days in the culture room for acclimatization. The 90% of the recovered plantlets were hardened off and established suc-cessfully in the soil. The present study could be useful for large scale propagation as well as short term storage of this commercial orchid Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Characterizing a Subset of the PPS with Radial Projection Point on a Prespecified Hyperplane
Najmeh Malekmohammadi Amin Mostafaee -
Open Access Article
41 - Joint pricing, inventory, and preservation decisions for deteriorating items with stochastic demand and promotional efforts
Hardik N. Soni Ashaba D. Chauhan -
Open Access Article
42 - Top Web-preservation programs’ solutions for coping with management challenges of digital preservation
Hajar Sotudeh Kianoosh RashidiPurpose: The present study aims to verify top web preservation projects and programs in order to explore their preferred solutions in tackling management challenges including legal, access, organizational and financial management challenges. Methodology: A documentary MorePurpose: The present study aims to verify top web preservation projects and programs in order to explore their preferred solutions in tackling management challenges including legal, access, organizational and financial management challenges. Methodology: A documentary method was used to identify and analyze web-preservation-related literature, including papers, handbooks, web sites and documents. The programs’ persons in charge were also questioned via a researcher-made checklist. Findings: Legal management challenges can be categorized into robot exclusion protocol and copyright issues. Access management issues include kinds of accessible materials, access types, and access embargos. Organizational management challenges comprise preservation strategies, kinds of the organization in charge, the extent of the organization activities, project execution models, the level of cooperation or execution of the project, the specialty of cooperating organizations, kinds of cooperation and specialties of the archive staffs. The financial management issues include the budgets and funding agencies. Conclusion: The operational programs were found to choose various solutions to overcome the legal, access, organizational and financial management challenges. However, there still remains a wide range of problems hindering an ideal implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - A survey on the problems of preservation, conversation and repairing of Paper Materials of depository libraries in Iran
Fatemeh Shokry Ashrafosadat BozorgiObjective: The main purpose of this research is to review preservation, conversation and restoration problems of depository libraries in Iran and this has done through review of the present situation and the results compared with desired condition. Methodology: The met MoreObjective: The main purpose of this research is to review preservation, conversation and restoration problems of depository libraries in Iran and this has done through review of the present situation and the results compared with desired condition. Methodology: The methodology of research is based on measurable mode and data collecting was used by IFLA standard questionnaire and distributed between 49 of preservation and restoration department staff of libraries. The data analysis is done by spss and using descriptive statistics. Findings: in this research indicate that, the most priority of damaged materials is printed sources (Persian & Arabic). And the most efforts have accomplished in preservation of manuscripts.60% of libraries don’t use suitable mobilization for environment and fire control. 40% of libraries don’t have preservation plan against the events and accessibility route in fire occurrences. Conclusion: indicate that 40% of the libraries have not adequate preservation & conversation situation and none of them consider preservation & conservation education for their staff and librarians seriously. And generally have no written and compiled plan for preservation and conversation of library materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Cost-Benefit Survey of Conservation and Preservation Methods of Resources in Libraries of Tehran Governmental Universities
Effat Karimi mazrae Shahi Abass GilvariPurpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-benefit of resources’ conservation and preservation methods in libraries of Tehran governmental universities. Methodology: The method of the present research is descriptive. The stratified sampl MorePurpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-benefit of resources’ conservation and preservation methods in libraries of Tehran governmental universities. Methodology: The method of the present research is descriptive. The stratified sampling technique is used to indicate a total sample of 83 managers/ supervisors of central and academic libraries (contain 13 central and 70 academic libraries) who 42 of them (51 percent) answer the questionnaires. To gather at the research data a questionnaire with 9 tables is designed. Validity of the questionnaire was determined with some of library professors and its reliability was measured with Cornbrash’s alpha about 0.88 that is good. The data analysis of the present research was performed by Excel. Findings: Findings showed that in this population, cleaning (62.20 percent) is the most activity of conservation, and binding and replacement (83.34 percent) is the most activity of preservation. Also in the libraries with the higher resources, cost-benefit attribute (desirability of economic profitability) is relatively good. The situation is more or less similar to the average resource libraries, but in the libraries with lower sources which the major part of the research (about 64/29 percent) there is not any desirability of economic profitability in the conservation and preservation selected methods. Conclusion: The results of the libraries’ cost-benefit evalution showed that small libraries are in the unsuitable situation. Protection against atmospheric pollution, security, and protection against fire methods are the main shortcomings in these groups of libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - New Hopes in fertility preservation in women with canser (review article)
Seyedeh Fatemeh Siadat Rouhollah FathiRecent advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation have increased life expectancy in these patients. Toxic substances and ionizing radiation threaten endocrine activity and reproductive cycle, causing los MoreRecent advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation have increased life expectancy in these patients. Toxic substances and ionizing radiation threaten endocrine activity and reproductive cycle, causing loss of fertility and early ovarian failure (POF). Common approaches to treating fertility include ovarian Oophoropexy, oocyte and embryo freezing, and freezing of ovarian tissue and transplantation. Cryopreservation of the embryo and oocyte requires hormonal stimuli to increase the number of eggs, but delay the onset of cancer treatment and directly contribute to the development of hormone-dependent tumors. On the other hand, in the freezing of the embryo, there is a need for a sexual partner (the wife or sperm donor) and is not accessible to young girls and children. For this reason, in young patients, in order to preserve fertilization, ovarian tissue cultures and then transplantation are more useful. So far, various methods have been used in ovarian transplantation on different animal and human species. Each of these methods has some advantages and disadvantages. However, many unresolved issues remain with regard to maintaining fertility in cancer patients. On the other hand, hopefuls have been opened to preserve the fertility of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to update the research on fertility preservation strategies and to summarize the progress made in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Effect of Cryopreservation on essential oil of Satureja sahendica
Shabnam Shahbazi Abbas Ghamari zare Fatemeh Sefikon aliahraf jafari vahid abdossiAbstract Cryopreservation is regarded as a technology with high importance to conserve the plant germplasm for a long period. The use of this technology to preserve the plant materials is useful when it does not change the chemical composition of the essential oil. Sat MoreAbstract Cryopreservation is regarded as a technology with high importance to conserve the plant germplasm for a long period. The use of this technology to preserve the plant materials is useful when it does not change the chemical composition of the essential oil. Satureja sahendica is one of the endangered medicinal species in Iran; thus, conservation of its genetic materials is considerably important. In order to investigate the phytochemical stability and to compare the type and content of the compositions identified, the plant samples were studied under cryopreservation condition and then, the treated seeds were transferred to the liquid nitrogen at –196°C for one week. In the present study, the flowering shoots resulted from various treated seeds were collected and dried in the laboratory; then, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method. Afterwards, the essential oil compositions were identified using analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC/MS) as well as retention index calculation. Finally, 15 compositions were identified in the essential oil of the study plant under cryopreservation condition. The main components in the essential oil included, p-cymene (43.3%), terpinene (21.5%), thymol (18.3%) and carvacrol (5.1%). Results indicated that regarding the number, type and percentage of compounds existing in the essential oils, there was no difference between the control and cryopreservation treatments; therefore, the seeds of this valuable endangered species can be preserved for a long period and its extinction may be avoided by using the cryopreservation technique Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Comparative study of qualitative and chemical characteristics of Camarosa and Parus strawberry cultivars during 15 days of storage
Marziyeh Akhond Fariba Heidarizadeh Maryam KolahiStrawberry fruit (Fragaria ananasa) has many uses in the food industry, especially the essential oil and extract obtained from this fruit is used in many food products. In this study, changes in qualitative and chemical traits of two strawberry cultivars during 15 days MoreStrawberry fruit (Fragaria ananasa) has many uses in the food industry, especially the essential oil and extract obtained from this fruit is used in many food products. In this study, changes in qualitative and chemical traits of two strawberry cultivars during 15 days of storage at 4 ° C were investigated. The results showed that the firmness of texture, the amount of soluble solids and the taste index in Kamaroza cultivar were significantly higher than Parus cultivar. The pH of both cultivars increased, while during these 15 days the amount of soluble solids and taste index in Parus cultivar increased significantly. Tissue stiffness and weight loss percentage in both cultivars showed a significant decrease during 15 days, but this decrease was more in Kamaroza cultivar. The studied qualitative and chemical traits as well as taste index in two strawberry cultivars were effectively changed during 15 days under the influence of cultivar type and storage period. These studies showed that the type of strawberry cultivar is a determining factor in terms of nutritional value and the content of natural compounds during storage and post-harvest conditions, so that Camarosa cultivar showed a special advantage over Parus cultivar in these respects. Low temperature storage seems to be an efficient way to preserve strawberry fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The effect of heat stress on sperm parameters and sex ratio of Y or X- bearing spermatozoa after goat semen cryopreservation
Mohsen Mesbah Mohsen Forouzanfar Shahin Eghbalsaeid Amin EdalatmaneshAbstractIntroduction : Pre-sex selection is the process by which Y or X-bearing spermatozoa are used to produce the desired sex in the offspring. X-bearing spermatozoa are believed to have a longer lifespan, and are more resistant to acidic conditions, temperature chang MoreAbstractIntroduction : Pre-sex selection is the process by which Y or X-bearing spermatozoa are used to produce the desired sex in the offspring. X-bearing spermatozoa are believed to have a longer lifespan, and are more resistant to acidic conditions, temperature changes, and even oxidative stress compared to Y-bearing. Methods : The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on sperm parameters and sex ratio of sperm containing X or Y chromosome after freezing-thawing of goat semen. The diluted semen of the heat stress group was first placed at 43 ° C for 30 minutes and then frozen-thawed as in the control group. Results : The results showed that heat stress led to a significant reduction in the overall sperm motility, viability and sperm cell membrane integrity compared to the control group. Also, in the heat stress group, the mean Y to X ratio was 94.4%, which showed a significant difference (p <001) compared to the expected Y to X ratio of 1.Conclusion : Applying heat stress to sperm in vitro can lead to a significant reduction in sperm parameters. In addition, the decrease in the number of Y-bearing spermatozoa in the survived population post thawing, may indicate that the Y-bearing spermatozoa are more sensitive and fragile compared to X-bearing spermatozoa in goat species.Keywords: Sex determination, Cryopreservation, Heat stress, Goat sperm Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Phytochemical stability of Satureja bachtiarica after cryopreservation by Desiccation
leila Ghaffarzadeh namaziAbstractIn recent years, our country has drawn an increasing amount of attention to medicinal plants. Because different plant species Savory inappropriate harvesting of natural areas by humans, and the growing threat of biotic and abiotic stresses following the work res MoreAbstractIn recent years, our country has drawn an increasing amount of attention to medicinal plants. Because different plant species Savory inappropriate harvesting of natural areas by humans, and the growing threat of biotic and abiotic stresses following the work resulted in reduced genetic diversity of a species is, a species of genetically keep reserves Curb upper's. Seed storage techniques at very low temperature (-196 °C) using liquid nitrogen is one way of maintaining germplasm with much less cost and without loss of viability on storage and it is useful when it does not lead to changes in the chemical composition of essential oil in the desired plant. In order to investigate the phytochemical stability and compare the type and amount of identified compositions, the treated seeds were transferred to the liquid nitrogen at –196°C for 1 week as compared to the control. The aerial tissues of in vitro-grown plants were collected and dried in the laboratory. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC-MS. Twelve compounds were recognized in the essential oil of mentioned plant in the cryopreservation. Results indicated that regarding the number, type and percentage of compounds existing in the essential oils, there was no difference between the control and cryopreservation treatment so by using the cryopreservation technique, the seeds of this valuable endangered species can be preserved for a long period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Presentation of the Model of Internal Organizational Factors Affecting the Implementation of the Talent Management Model (Case Study of Iran Khodro Industrial Group)
mohammad yadegari babak rezaeiThe current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of internal organizational factors affecting the implementation of the talent management model (case study of Iran Khodro Industrial Group). The research method is in terms of applied-developmental pur MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of internal organizational factors affecting the implementation of the talent management model (case study of Iran Khodro Industrial Group). The research method is in terms of applied-developmental purpose, in terms of descriptive-survey collection method, in terms of cross-sectional time, and in terms of the nature of data collection, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). Semi-structured interviews were used in the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaires in the quantitative part to collect information. The statistical population in the qualitative part included experts and managers of the middle and large departments of Iran Khodro Industrial Group, and in the quantitative part it included employees, experts and middle managers of Iran Khodro Industrial Group in the number of 1500 people. The sample size was 15 people in the qualitative section andbased on Cochran's formula 306 people in the quantitative section , which were selected based on the purposeful (judgmental) sampling method and cluster sampling, respectively. The findings showed that four internal organizational factors including talent attraction, talent evaluation and discovery, talent development and training, and talent retention have an effect on the implementation of talent management. In attracting talent, three components were identified in the order of priority, including recruitment, selection and recruitment. In the assessment and talent discovery dimension, the performance management component and evaluation centers were introduced. In the dimension of talent development and training, two components of career management and development and training, and in the dimension of talent retention, two components of discipline and service compensation were identified and prioritized.Key words: Talent management, talent attraction, talent retention, Iran Khodro Industrial Group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Cryopreservation of Ammodendron persicum (Bunge ex Boiss.) Seeds and Evaluation of the Cryogenic Seeds under Various Conditions
Mohebbat Ali Naderi Shahab Maryam Jebelly Ali Ashraf Jafari -
Open Access Article
52 - Cryopreservation of Smirnovia iranica (Sabeti) Seeds and Evaluation of Cryopreserved Seeds under Laboratory, Greenhouse and Natural Habitat Conditions
Mohebbat Ali Naderi Shahab Maryam Jebelli Ali Ashraf Jafari -
Open Access Article
53 - Seed Germination of Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss. after Cryopreservation
Mohammad Reza Mohajeri Abbas Ghamari Zare Mohebat Ali Naderi Shahab Sepideh Kalateh Jari -
Open Access Article
54 - Reflection on the reasons for maintaining the Islamic system with an approach to narrations
ali rashidi mohammad jafari harandi Ahmad Rezvani MofradObjective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. There are several reasons fo MoreObjective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. There are several reasons for the need to maintain order, the most important of which are numerous narrations that have been narrated from the infallibles (peace be upon them) which have also been cited by jurists. In this article, we will review and review these citations, whether the citations to the hadiths about the need to preserve the Islamic system have been made correctly? Research Methodology: The present study uses the library collection method and descriptive-analytical research method to critique the narratives in terms of citation and reasoning. Findings: Regarding the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, several hadiths have been cited to prove the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, some of which lack the necessary argument and logic to prove the said ruling. Conclusion: In this study, these hadiths have been identified and criticized, and other authentic hadiths have been counted and examined, and more logical arguments and arguments have been presented to strengthen the related hadiths, and this proves that the Islamic government was obligatory. And its realization can have valuable fruits in the world of politics, including acceptance and political stability for the Islamic government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigating jurisprudent basis responsibility results of Crona virus spreading
masooma rezaee zahra FehresteCrona virus is a new desease which has caused many people to die in a short time and this transmitters play an important and basic role in spreading this virus. Investigating this virus in jurisprudence point of view makes a challenge that what is the lawful and jurispr MoreCrona virus is a new desease which has caused many people to die in a short time and this transmitters play an important and basic role in spreading this virus. Investigating this virus in jurisprudence point of view makes a challenge that what is the lawful and jurisprudent results of viruse transmission to the others? If transmitter have committed to a crime and he /she must be punished? or must pays penalties and compensates the losses? It does have various aspects and every which does have certain law. It could be possible that he / she intentionally, transmits virus to the others consciously or unintentionally does that inadvertently and causes the others to die According to jurisprudence basic, making losses or damages, except for exceptions , is considered as crime and considering it is intentionally or else, leads to punishment or penalties. Recently, some of the religious authorities started to give idea of this important point and noted that transmitters are responsible for penalties and medical costs if he/ she does that carelessly. In this article which has done based on library method, it is attempted to provide accurate and credit answer base on jurisprudent - lawful literature according to jurisprudent basis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - A reflection on the reasons for maintaining the Islamic system with an approach to the narrations of the Imams (as)
ali rashidi mohammad jafari harandiObjective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. Numerous reasons have been p MoreObjective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. Numerous reasons have been presented regarding the necessity of maintaining order, the most important of which are numerous narrations that have been narrated from the infallibles (peace be upon them) and have also been cited by jurists. In this article, we will review and review these citations and answer the question whether the citations to the hadiths about the need to preserve the Islamic system have been made correctly?Methodology: The present study uses a descriptive-analytical research method to critique the narrations in terms of citation and reasoning. Findings: Regarding the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, several hadiths have been cited to prove the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, some of which lack the necessary argument and logic to prove the said ruling. Conclusion: In this study, these hadiths have been identified and criticized, and other authentic hadiths have been counted and examined, and more logical arguments and arguments have been presented to strengthen the related hadiths, and this proves that maintaining the Islamic system is obligatory. And its realization can have valuable fruits such as acceptance and political stability for the Islamic government in the world of politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - تاثیر متیل گزانتین ها بر روی تحرک ، یکپارچگی غشای و آسیب وارده بهDNA اسپرماتوزوئید های منی منجمد گاومیش متعاقب یخ گشایی
امین علیزادگان عبدالرضا رستگارنیاافزودن ترکیبات متیل گزانتین باعث بهبود کیفیت منی تازه ومنجمد می گردد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر متیل گزانتین هائی نظیر پنتوکسی فیلین ، کافئین وتئوفیلین بر روی اسپرماتوزوئید های منی منجمد متعاقب یخ گشائی بود. نمونه انزال چهار راس از گاومیش نا کیفیت عالی و با داش Moreافزودن ترکیبات متیل گزانتین باعث بهبود کیفیت منی تازه ومنجمد می گردد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر متیل گزانتین هائی نظیر پنتوکسی فیلین ، کافئین وتئوفیلین بر روی اسپرماتوزوئید های منی منجمد متعاقب یخ گشائی بود. نمونه انزال چهار راس از گاومیش نا کیفیت عالی و با داشتن بیش از 80 درصد اسپرماتوزویید با تحرک رو به جلو با رقیق کننده تریس سیترات- زرده تخم مرغ ترکیب گردید و پس از طی مرحله خنک کردن در دمای 4 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 2ساعت و اعمال زمان تعادل چهارساعت متعاقب افزودن گلیسرول به چهارگروه آزمایشی حاوی 3.5 میلیمول پنتوکسی فیلین ، 10 میلیمول تئوفیلین و 20 میلیمول کافئین به ازای هرمیلیلیتر ونیزکنترل تقسیم گردید ودر پایوتهای 0.5 میلیلیتری فرانسوی با اعمال برنامه زمانبندی انجماد مشخص درازت مایع منجمد گردید. یخ گشایی نمونه پایوتهای منجمد مورد نظر در دمای 37 درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 40 ثانیه یک هفته پس از انجماد صورت گرفت. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که تنها افزودن پنتوکسی فیلین به رقیق کننده مورد نظر باعث افزایش میزان تحرک اسپرماتوزوییدها پس از ذوب گردید (P<0.05). همچنین پنتوکسی فیلین باعث افزایش برخی از الگوی حرکتی نظیر سرعت در مسیر میانگین (VAP) ، سرعت در مسیر منحنی(VCL) ، سرعت در مسیر مستقیم(VSL) ونیز یکپارچکی غشای اسپرم متعاقب یخ گشائی در مقایسه با گروه کافئین ، تئوفیلین ونیز کنترل گردید (P<0.05). در این راستا، درصد اسپرماتوزوییدهای با آکروزوم نرمال و نیز باDNA آسیب دیده متعاقب یخ گشائی در تمامی گروههای آزمایشی حاوی متیل گزانتین ها نسبت به گروه کنترل تفاوت معنیداری را نشان نداد (P<0.05). بهطور کلی نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که افزودن ترکیبات متیل گزانتین نظیر پنتوکسی فیلین به رقیق کننده منی در فرایند انجماد توانائی افزایش میزان تحرک و یکپارچکی غشای اسپرماتوزوئید های منجمد متعاقب یخ گشائی را دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigation of the Effect of Black Pepper Powder on Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Processed Cheese
Hajar Rahimi Peyman Ghajarbygi Saeed Shahsavari Mostafa kazemi Razzagh Mahmoudi -
Open Access Article
59 - Determination of the amount of Heavy Metals in the Most Widely Used Brands of Canned Fish in Kashan During 2018, Iran
Rouhullah Dehghani Gholamreza Mostafaeii Hossein Akbari Mohammad Sadegh Pour Abbasi Fatemeh Asadi Maryam Rezaei Zakieh Kashani Maryam Hoseini Seyedmahdi Takhtfiroozeh -
Open Access Article
60 - Privacy and Security of Big Data in THE Cloud
Narges Naderi Hasan Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
61 - The role of education in environmental protection
AZam Nikokar• Survival of humans and improvement of their standard of living require an awareness of the role of environment, acknowledgement of its importance in our lives, and development of a positive attitude to preserve and improve its quality. • In order to protect or rec More• Survival of humans and improvement of their standard of living require an awareness of the role of environment, acknowledgement of its importance in our lives, and development of a positive attitude to preserve and improve its quality. • In order to protect or reconstruct the environment, first of all, human groups need to be trained. • Environmental education can strengthen a culture of responsibility towards protection of both immediate environment and the entire planet, which is necessary for sustainable development. • The purpose of environmental education is to raise individuals who are aware of environmental issues and to create a sense of responsibility in them to protect and support the environment. • Rather than an attempt to increase theoretical knowledge in its audience, environmental education needs to aim at empowering people to identify environmental issues, critically analyze them, explore the viable solutions, and actually contribute in solving them. • Environmentally educated citizens are environmentalist partners that can inform their families about environmental issues and transfer their experiences to the family environment. • With an environment protection orientation and internalized sensitivity to preserve the environment, the next fathers and mothers will then transmit the green mindset to the subsequent generation. Manuscript profile
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