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Open Access Article
1 - The Impact of Higher Education Policies on Political Development Indicators in iran
Masoud shafiei chafi reza mahdiBackground and Aim: The purpose of this article is to provide a model for examining the impact of Iran's higher education policies on political development indicators.Method: The statistical population of the study includes managers and faculty members of universities a MoreBackground and Aim: The purpose of this article is to provide a model for examining the impact of Iran's higher education policies on political development indicators.Method: The statistical population of the study includes managers and faculty members of universities and higher education institutions located in Tehran, their number is 1029 people. According to Cochran's formula, 280 managers and faculty members of universities and higher education institutions in Tehran were selected as a statistical sample of the study.Results: Examination of the data showed that; The internationalization of education has a significant impact on Iran's political development. Also, the effect of commercialization of academic ideas on Iran's political development is significant at the level of (0.01). Also, the relationship with industries and financial institutions, goals and mission of the university for development, social development of the university and flexible organizational structure have a significant impact on Iran's political development. In general, higher education policies predict 0.81 percent of changes in Iran's political developmentConclusion: The results showed that; Political development is one of the branches of development with the aim of achieving progress, industrialization, eradication of poverty Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The role of the political elites in the political development in Iran (1953-1979)
S. Zibakalam M. Saboohi A. Bahrami H. RangbarkohanPolitical elites in the authoritarian and semi-authoritarian countries that have power tools often fully and continuously can play a main role in the course of political development and undevelopment in these groups of countries. In this regard, the study of the quality MorePolitical elites in the authoritarian and semi-authoritarian countries that have power tools often fully and continuously can play a main role in the course of political development and undevelopment in these groups of countries. In this regard, the study of the quality of playing of this role in contemporary history of Iran, especially after Mordad, 28, 1332 (August, 18, 1953) coup that was associated with an increase of power of the monarchy (Shah) until Islamic revolution is very important in order to help us recognize some effective factors in the process of progress or little progress in political development in Iran. The question of this article is that what role political elites play in political development of Iran in the years between 1332 and 1357 (1953 and 1979). The answer to this question in this article is that the political elites of Iran in the mentioned era played a preventive role in the course of political development through some actions such as creating pyramidal and hierarchical power, abusing power and corruption, preventing holding free elections and doing electoral fraud, suppressing press freedom and independence and also suppressing of political independent parties and groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Opportunities and Threats of Globalization on Political Developments in Iran
احمد Sai مهدی Safarpoor محمد BavbarEntering to the new world has put new challenges and opportunities for human’s life. Globalization as an economic, political and cultural phenomenon is a multifaceted process and entails consequences which includ the political consequences. The present paper has f MoreEntering to the new world has put new challenges and opportunities for human’s life. Globalization as an economic, political and cultural phenomenon is a multifaceted process and entails consequences which includ the political consequences. The present paper has focused primarily on one of these outcomes; it means that it has concentrated on the effects of globalization on political developments in the forming opportunities and threats. The present paper benefits from discourse analysis framework in order to evaluate the effectiveness and study this effectiveness on the process of political development in Iran. In this review, globalization as structural dialogue consists of liberal democracy teaching of Western and political Islam in Iran as dialogue involving two aspects of reformists and conservative matters. Thus, this paper has attempted to explore opportunities and threats to globalization on political developments in Iran after the Islamic revolution in terms of its phenomenon’s effect on dual aspects of political Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Comparative Study of Development Plans in Iran and South Korea during Last Four Decades with Emphasis on Economic and Political Development
Reza Ghaderi Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Mohammad Hossain Pouriani -
Open Access Article
5 - The Comparative Survey of Cyberspace Role in Political Development from Student’s Viewpoint of Islamic Azad and National University of Tehran
Neda Mohammadpour Khabazi Mohammad Soltanifar Ali Akbar Farhangi Sara Mohammadpour -
Open Access Article
6 - Analysis of Effective Cultural Components on Political Development of Iran (Second Pahlavi Era)
Mohammad Heydarpourklidsar -
Open Access Article
7 - Cultural barriers in the political development in Iran and management strategy in this area
دکتر علی اکبر رضایی دکتر سیدرضا صالحی امیری علی اصغر رفیعی نژادThis study aimed to identify and review some cultural barriers on the road to political development has been done. In this study, which covered Hobby component in the culture of this society as cultural factors influence political development has been used the purpose o MoreThis study aimed to identify and review some cultural barriers on the road to political development has been done. In this study, which covered Hobby component in the culture of this society as cultural factors influence political development has been used the purpose of this study in terms of application and type of survey is. The sample consists of students study master degree program cultural planning, of which Political Science and Biology Society, Azad University, Tehran Science and Research to the number of 181 people through the sample - were selected randomly .Research based on hypotheses and questions two methods, a library and field studies conducted And for data analysis and the relationship between independent variables and dependent T-test and Pearson correlation were used. The results showed a significant relationship between secrecy and egocentric individuals with political developments there. This means that these variables exist among the people caused their lack of political development. Variable tendency for Saint and seeking stability and political development of meaningful relationship with these two individuals were found and the hypothesis was rejected. Among the hypotheses demographic variables including gender research, economic income, property, housing, Social status, ethnicity, place of birth (urban or rural) and age, only the variable gender relationship was not confirmed with political development. Accordingly the end, some research avenues, particularly in the areas of executive management to increase overall confidence in the country to reduce secrecy and egocentric is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Study of Obstacles of Party System Forming in social Development Background and Iran Structure’s Political Culture Between Two Revolutions (Mashroteh to Islamic Revolution)
منوچهر ثابتی منصور وثوقی علیرضا محسنی تبریزیIn a specific sense, the party means a coherent and organized group, a social and political phenomenon, of the signs of civil society and the democratic system of the West, arising from the post-industrial revolution conditions, which has been adapted and imitated by ot MoreIn a specific sense, the party means a coherent and organized group, a social and political phenomenon, of the signs of civil society and the democratic system of the West, arising from the post-industrial revolution conditions, which has been adapted and imitated by other societies such as Iran. Although the constitutional revolution of the political parties was formed in Iran, however, with the advent of the Pahlavi regime, the establishment of democracy and the formation of the party system became a problem. The dominant political culture in the socio-political structure of Iran was the traditional political culture. The Pahlavi feudal discourse paid more attention to developmental, economic, industrial and urban development programs and did not pay attention to political development and parties. Traditional-political culture was the main cause of the emergence of rentier governments, political violence, and imperfect development, the continuation of the monarchy and the cycle of despotism. Together, these factors combined the formation of an interconnected network of continuity of traditional and consequential political culture, and an obstacle to the consolidation of democracy and the institutionalization of party activities and the formation of a party system in Iran. This research has been carried out using the Almond and Verbae and Huntington theories in a historical-documentary way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A comparative study of Iran's and South Korea's development programs over the past four decades Emphasizing economic-political development
reza gaderi alireza mohseni tabrizi Mohammad Hossein PoryaniThe present study aims at "comparative study of Iran-South Korea development programs over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic-political development using a comparative-historical research method. The theoretical framework is based on the views of Amartya MoreThe present study aims at "comparative study of Iran-South Korea development programs over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic-political development using a comparative-historical research method. The theoretical framework is based on the views of Amartya Sen and Shils. The results of the research indicate that in the development of South Korea, attention to development infrastructure, the importance of education and training of the workforce, attention to the proper relationship between the government and the private sector, the reform of the monetary and financial system in accordance with development, the strategy of encouragement and export development has been a priority. On the other hand, in Iran, the timing of the process of restoring stability and peace to the political arena is always a major obstacle to economic growth. The changes in political and ideological management, such as the definition and management of the economic system, such as the leap from the private economy to the state, have imposed massive fluctuations on the economy. For this reason, comparing the two countries studied, it can be concluded that Iran did not succeed in the process of economic-political development. In Iran, despite certain conditions, especially after the Islamic Revolution, events such as the Iran-Iraq war; foreign pressures; the imposition of economic sanctions; the reduction of relations with foreign markets; and so on, appeared as barriers to development and caused Iran's failure in her developmental programs, while South Korea has been successful according to the accurate plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - New Middle Class and Political Development in Iran after the Islamic Revolution
Ali Darabi -
Open Access Article
11 - A Comparative Study of Iran's and South Korea's Development Programs over the Past Four Decades Emphasizing Economic-political Development
Reza Ghaderi Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Mohammad Hossein PourianiThe present study aims at "comparative study of Iran-South Korea development programs over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic-political development using a comparative-historical research method. The theoretical framework is based on the views of Amartya MoreThe present study aims at "comparative study of Iran-South Korea development programs over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic-political development using a comparative-historical research method. The theoretical framework is based on the views of Amartya Sen and Shils. The results of the research indicate that in the development of South Korea, attention to development infrastructure, the importance of education and training of the workforce, attention to the proper relationship between the government and the private sector, the reform of the monetary and financial system in accordance with development, the strategy of encouragement and export development has been a priority. On the other hand, in Iran, the timing of the process of restoring stability and peace to the political arena is always a major obstacle to economic growth. The changes in political and ideological management, such as the definition and management of the economic system, such as the leap from the private economy to the state, have imposed massive fluctuations on the economy. For this reason, comparing the two countries studied, it can be concluded that Iran did not succeed in the process of economic-political development. In Iran, despite certain conditions, especially after the Islamic Revolution, events such as the Iran-Iraq war; foreign pressures; the imposition of economic sanctions; the reduction of relations with foreign markets; and so on, appeared as barriers to development and caused Iran's failure in her developmental programs, while South Korea has been successful according to the accurate plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Inquiry of Political Participation’s Effect on Political Development (Case of Study: The Youth in Khalkhal City)
Seyed Ghani Nazari Hossein Bashiri Givi Saeid Jannati -
Open Access Article
13 - Regional parliaments as the missing link in the legislative system in Iran
abdolreza farajirad zahra pishghahi jafar hesarinegadLegislative system in the Islamic Republic of Iran follows a specific pattern due to the necessity of compliance with the rules of adopted legislation. In parallel parliament, there are also parliamentary oversight and decision-making such as the Guardian Council,, the MoreLegislative system in the Islamic Republic of Iran follows a specific pattern due to the necessity of compliance with the rules of adopted legislation. In parallel parliament, there are also parliamentary oversight and decision-making such as the Guardian Council,, the selection procedure for representatives of the specialized parliamentary commissions, lack of familiarity of the new representatives of the legislative process and the lack of facilities for monitoring the decisions of city council that the principles of the constitution is the duty of the Guardian Council and parliament, have caused that the legislative process is slow and does not have the necessary strength. take advantage of public participation in regional planning , appropriate use of local resources, guidance of national budgets to projects needed by the people, absorption and utilization of social capital and financial in order to implement sustainable development and monitor and refine them to bear the decisions of city council. And the terms of the tasks assigned to a role in order to overcome the current limitations of legislation and strengthening institutions in carrying out their duties properly Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Electoral System and Political Participation in Iran and its Impact on the Performance of Representatives (Review of the Sixth and Seventh Rounds of the Islamic Consultative Assembly)
Mir-Ebrahim Seddigh Garineh Keshishyan Ahmad Habibi Understanding the electoral system in every country, including Iran, is directly related to the efficiency of the parliamentarians in the performance of their representative duties. This article attempts to examine the relationship between the political tendency More Understanding the electoral system in every country, including Iran, is directly related to the efficiency of the parliamentarians in the performance of their representative duties. This article attempts to examine the relationship between the political tendency and the efficiency of Iranian parliamentarians with a case study of the sixth and seventh periods. The main question of this article is how the political tendencies and patterns of election of parliamentarians have an impact on their performance and cooperation with other governmental institutions and the extent of participation?The results of this research, based on a descriptive methodology - an analysis that is a cross-sectional and correlational research in terms of the relationship between data - show that whenever there is a context for healthy political competition and organizational transparency, There are MPs, signs of organized cooperation between the Parliament and other government bodies. The result of such a process can be seen as the maximization of political efficiency among the forces that have the necessary impetus for political role-playing. The situation in a final analysis will increase the political participation of individuals in the community as well as an important step towards political development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Reflection upon the Concept of Political Development in the Principlist Discourse of Mahmūd Ahmadī Nizhād
Reza Mohammadain Hossein Tafazoli Seyed Ismail Hosseini GoliMahmūdAhmadī Nizhād is the head of the 9th and 10th government in the Islamic Republic of Iran who launched his work with an approach to revive the principles and ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of the present study is to represent a distinct analysis of t MoreMahmūdAhmadī Nizhād is the head of the 9th and 10th government in the Islamic Republic of Iran who launched his work with an approach to revive the principles and ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of the present study is to represent a distinct analysis of the concept of political development in the discourse of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād that in contrast with the western conception of political development, is accompanied with some requirements such as establishing Islamic civilization by the Islamic Republic Government and improving Islamic culture and civilization in the international level. Using descriptive analysis, this study deals with the main research question that: what does the concept of political development mean in in the priciplist idea of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād? This research delves deep into the principlist discourse of the parties and democratic organizations as well as the role of people in achieving the goals of the revolution and then represents a new interpretation of the concept of political development. This interpretation recognizes the establishment of Islamic civilization and justice by the Islamic Republic of Iran throughout the world as the center of this concept in the intellectual discourse of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Comparative Study of the Political Tendencies of the Representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (with Emphasis on the 6h and 7th Terms)
Ali Mohammad Sharifi Masoumeh Reshad Mohammad TohidfamThe purpose of the present study is to comparatively analyze the political tendencies of the representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iranian Parliament) with regard to the institutional approach in the 6th and 7th terms. The main question is: what are the MoreThe purpose of the present study is to comparatively analyze the political tendencies of the representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iranian Parliament) with regard to the institutional approach in the 6th and 7th terms. The main question is: what are the commonalities and differences between the political tendencies of the Iranian parliament representatives in the 6th and 7th terms in the framework of political development? The research relies on the hypothesis that the variables of the principlist discourse are based on political development following the progressive principle of Wilāyat-e Faqih and Iranian Constitution, the comprehensiveness of religion in the realm of politics and anti-hegemony, persistence on the basic principles, purposes, and goals of the Islamic Revolution, and continual realization of the ideas and ideals of Imām Khomeyni. The results showed that despite the difference between the representatives’ approach and function with respect to politics, within legislation and supervision duties, their political tendencies in the 6th and 7th terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly have been towards performance in political development and so it has prepared the ground for familiarity with Iran’s political elites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Role of National Identity Patterns of the Executive Elites in Iran’s Foreign Policy (1997-2005)
Hossein KarimifardThe present research studies Iran’s foreign policy during the presidency of Mr. Khaatami with an emphasis on the role of identity patterns of the executive elites in the development of foreign policy by a descriptive-analytic method and the theory of constructivism. The MoreThe present research studies Iran’s foreign policy during the presidency of Mr. Khaatami with an emphasis on the role of identity patterns of the executive elites in the development of foreign policy by a descriptive-analytic method and the theory of constructivism. The research relies on the hypothesis that identity is regarded as the foundation of national interest. The practical orientation of Iran’s foreign policy is considered a state issue in which different governmental institutions including the executive elites have a role. The component of national culture and identity of the executive elites is regarded as an effective factor in the “behavior” of Iran’s foreign policy during the period of reformism. The results indicate that with regard to the outstanding element of modernism compared to Islamism and nationalism (Iranism) for the reformist executive elites and the perception of cultural and identity similarity with some western elements, Iran’s foreign policy orientation inclined to the west and this issue paved the way for the polarization of Iran’s Foreign policy during the next years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development: the case study of the development programs of the Pahlavi era and the Islamic revolution in Iran
susan khaleghi isa hasanzadeh Abbas Ali Talebi Mohammad Reza NaeimAs a comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development during the Pahlavi and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article deals with the course of economic and political developments in the form of development plans in order MoreAs a comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development during the Pahlavi and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article deals with the course of economic and political developments in the form of development plans in order to describe and analyze the relationship between parties as an indicator of political development and economic plans. In terms of methodology, the research is of a qualitative and analytical type, which is done in a documentary way. The Pahlavi II regime was interested in the party system of the state until a one-party system was established, and economic development was usually done with the consultation and supervision of the king. Civil and economic planning was also within the framework of the White Revolution and its nineteen-point charter and construction plans that were compiled by the Planning and Budget Organization, and the parties had no involvement in the planning system. During the Islamic Revolution, the country's development plans were compiled in the form of five-year plans, and the Program and Budget Organization was the main agent in preparing and compiling the plan. The Islamic Republic Party was the most comprehensive revolutionary and Islamic party, but due to the differences caused by the political attitude and orientation, it did not have an impact on the economic system. The reduced parties of the development programs were also ineffective. So that the most alignment and the best performance can be found in the third, first, second, fifth and fourth plans after revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development
Soosan Khaleghi Karsalari isa hasanzadeh Mohammad Reza Naeim Abbas Ali TalebiAs a comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development during the Pahlavi and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article deals with the course of economic and political developments in the form of development plans in order MoreAs a comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development during the Pahlavi and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article deals with the course of economic and political developments in the form of development plans in order to describe and analyze the relationship between parties as an indicator of political development and economic plans. In terms of methodology, the research is of a qualitative and analytical type, which is done in a documentary way. The Pahlavi II regime was interested in the party system of the state until a one-party system was established, and economic development was usually done with the consultation and supervision of the king. Civil and economic planning was also within the framework of the White Revolution and its nineteen-point charter and construction plans that were compiled by the Planning and Budget Organization, and the parties had no involvement in the planning system. During the Islamic Revolution, the country's development plans were compiled in the form of five-year plans, and the Program and Budget Organization was the main agent in preparing and compiling the plan. The Islamic Republic Party was the most comprehensive revolutionary and Islamic party, but due to the differences caused by the political attitude and orientation, it did not have an impact on the economic system. The reduced parties of the development programs were also ineffective. So that the most alignment and the best performance can be found in the third, first, second, fifth and fourth plans after revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Shiite political role in the Kashmir (1288-735 AD. QAR)
ahmadreza behniyafarKashmir, which is located on north Indian subcontinent, due to its historical, geographical and strategic situation has invariably been drew attention. Shia is one of groups which has played role in political history of Kashmir and the developments which is resulted fro MoreKashmir, which is located on north Indian subcontinent, due to its historical, geographical and strategic situation has invariably been drew attention. Shia is one of groups which has played role in political history of Kashmir and the developments which is resulted from it. Starting point of arrival of Shias and gaining political power in Kashmir is immigration of Iranian to the territory from mid-8th century of hegira. Thus the paper, through historical method based on qualification and analysis, seeks to determine Shias’ role in political development of Kashmir in the Shah Miri, Chak and Mughal dynasty eras from 735 to 1288 of hegira. Findings of the paper shows that governance of Shia during the era has led to reduction of political crisis in Kashmir, development of Shia culture and giving an Iranian nature to the territory, especially through promotion of Persian language and literature Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Impact of Iranian Culture on Political Development
Seyed Mohammad Reza Mousavi Seyed Mostafa Abtahi Massoud Motalebi Bahram Bayat Seyed Mohammad Reza Mousavi[1] Seyed Mostafa Abtahi[2] Massoud Motalebi[3] Bahram Bayat[4] Abstract The study of the political culture of different societies shows the readiness of these societies to find ways of governing in democratic or authoritarian way More Seyed Mohammad Reza Mousavi[1] Seyed Mostafa Abtahi[2] Massoud Motalebi[3] Bahram Bayat[4] Abstract The study of the political culture of different societies shows the readiness of these societies to find ways of governing in democratic or authoritarian ways. In this article, we want to address the important and fundamental issue of how Iran's political development in the form of one of the cultural dimensions of Iran's national identity, namely "Iranianness", leads to define, recover, pursue and ultimately specific results. In fact, the main question is, what factors and components as obstacles to Iranian culture are influential in the political development of Iran? In response, it should be said that the structure of tribal or mechanical society, short-term society, seeking stability, secrecy, self-centeredness and limited political subordination in Iranian society in Iranian political culture has led to lack of political development in this country. By enumerating the various components of political culture and examining and explaining them in this article, it seems that the main factor in convergence and divergence and not reaching the ideal society is welfare-material type and occasional departure from the revolutionary ideals and values of Islamic Iran. And it is the structures of culture that have influenced other structures as well. [1] - PhD Student, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Department of Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [2]- Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Department of Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [3]- Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran [4] - Professor of National Security Department, National Defense University, Tehran, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigating the Impact of Political Development on Good Governance Based on the Statement of the Second Step of the Islamic Revolution
Mojtaba Malekshahi Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Abdulrahman HassanifarMojtaba Malekshahi[1], Garineh Keshishyan Siraki,[2]*, AbdulrahmanHassanifar[3] Abstract: "Political development" is considered to increase the capacity and efficiency of the political system in resolving conflicts between indivi MoreMojtaba Malekshahi[1], Garineh Keshishyan Siraki,[2]*, AbdulrahmanHassanifar[3] Abstract: "Political development" is considered to increase the capacity and efficiency of the political system in resolving conflicts between individual and collective in­t­e­rests. In recent years, the idea of "good governance" has been proposed to explain the relationship between civil society,government and the private sector,which a­i­m­s to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the political system. At the end of the fortieth anniversary of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Khamenei issued the strategic document "Declaration of the Second Step" in order to e­l­e­­vate the country and address the concerns of the nation by increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the political system in relation to individuals. The title of the upstream documents is deeply connected to the ideas of po­li­ti­c­al development and good governance. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of political development on good governance. In this regard, it is assumed that "the more the indicators of political development in the country increase, the more the goals of good governance in society will be achieved." The research method is mixed, the technique used is survey and documentary studies. The results confirmed the hypotheses. [1]. PhD Student in Political Science (Iran Issues), South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [2]. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author [3].Faculty member of the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought, Tehran, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Sociological Study of Barriers to Political Development with Emphasis on Participatory Political Culture (Case Study of Shiraz University Students)
Sedigheh Razmjooei Alireza Khoddamy Keramatollah RasekhThis study aims to conduct Sociological study of barriers to political development with emphasis on the participatory political culture of Shiraz University students. Data were collected from a statistical sample of 377 students of Shiraz University using stratified sam MoreThis study aims to conduct Sociological study of barriers to political development with emphasis on the participatory political culture of Shiraz University students. Data were collected from a statistical sample of 377 students of Shiraz University using stratified sampling method. There is a direct and positive relationship between participatory political culture and political development and a negative relationship between subordinate political culture and limited political culture and political development. On the other hand, there is a negative relationship between the variables of social trust, dialogue culture, individualism, political and social fragmentation, concentration of power sources and participatory political culture. There is a positive relationship between the variables of civic activities, use of mass media, equal social and political opportunities, and participatory political culture. The developed conceptual model has the ability to explain the components of political culture and obstacles to political development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Sources of Opposition Parties in the Process of Political Development (Case Study: Goran Party in Kurdistan Region of Iraq)
Safar Valadbaigi sadegh ziba kalam monfared Alireza Azghandi AliAshraf NazariThe Kurdistan region has more than 600 kilometers of common border with Iran, which are culturally and historically compatible and have a deep influence on each other in the field of democracy. The question of the research includes: is the formation of political opposit MoreThe Kurdistan region has more than 600 kilometers of common border with Iran, which are culturally and historically compatible and have a deep influence on each other in the field of democracy. The question of the research includes: is the formation of political opposition in the Kurdistan region a sign of the transition of this region towards democracy or authoritarianism? The hypothesis suggests although the emergence of the opposition is a sign of minimal democracy, its formation, stabilization, and weakening are proof of the authoritarian structure and functioning of the two main parties in this region. The research method is qualitative (library documents). The results show that the formation of the political opposition in the region was a reaction to the authoritarian rule, but at the same time, it was a sign of the movement of the Kurdish society towards a kind of political and party pluralism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Women's Political Ideological Participation in political development in Iranian Contemporary History
Mohammadreza Alimardani Alireza AzghandiMohammadreza ALIMARDANI[1] Alireza AZGHANDI[2] Abstract By examining the political and social developments in Iran, it is impossible to determine the broad scope of political participation for women. In this sense, the main question of this study would be to know MoreMohammadreza ALIMARDANI[1] Alireza AZGHANDI[2] Abstract By examining the political and social developments in Iran, it is impossible to determine the broad scope of political participation for women. In this sense, the main question of this study would be to know what are the obstacles to the participation of women? In response, it must be said that women’s political participation in political development is affected by the social, political and economic structure. The social, political and economic structure is a male structure; For this reason, it ideologically reproduces the participation of women and identifies women as dependent and passive variables. In fact, through the approach of Structuralist Marxism, we want to show that “the role of women as a behavior which influences or intends to influence the results of government” is wrong. This study examines and critiques the political participation of women in the development process in three periods: Qajar, Pahlavi and Republic Islamic of Iran. [1]- PHD Student in Political Science, Faculty of Low, Theology and Political Science, Branch of Olum Tahghighat, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran mralimardani29@gmail.com [2]- Full Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Low, Theology and Political Science, Branch of Olum Tahghighat, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Auteur) alirezaazghandi@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A comparative study of women's political empowerment in South Caucasus countries from 2006-2021 by a new global Index.
Mohammad Shohratifar Nader Bohlooli Mojtaba Ramazani Hosein EmariPolitical empowerment of women is a social process for the development and progress of societies and is increasingly recognized as vital to modern governments. Scholars and scholars alike see inextricable links between women's political empowerment and its outcomes for MorePolitical empowerment of women is a social process for the development and progress of societies and is increasingly recognized as vital to modern governments. Scholars and scholars alike see inextricable links between women's political empowerment and its outcomes for women, children, and society as a whole. In this article, a qualitative method with a comparative approach is used. The comparative study is using descriptive-analytical method and the collection of sources is by documentary method. The first step is the description of the studied phenomenon, which is represented in documentary studies, and the second step is the process of comparing and matching and extracting differences and similarities. The findings show the movement of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of women's political empowerment, this country has maintained its status unchanged in this field from 2006 to 2021, although there has been no significant growth, but no significant decrease is observed either. The country of Armenia has started its growing process since 2006 and in 2020, despite the internal political crises and defeat in the Karabakh war, it has managed to leave Georgia behind. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the Effect of Social Capital of Non- Governmental Organizations of Markazi Province on the Political Development
Mitra Bayat Hassan Kheiry Mohammad Hossein PouryaniOne of the influential factors in political development is the key factor of social capital. The current study seeks to investigate the effect of social capital of Non- Governmental Organizations of Markazi province on the political development. The desired indicators o MoreOne of the influential factors in political development is the key factor of social capital. The current study seeks to investigate the effect of social capital of Non- Governmental Organizations of Markazi province on the political development. The desired indicators of social capital are trust and cohesion. Putnam, Coleman and Fukuyama’s theories have been used and has applied a survey method (questionnaire) and documental method and by using Amos and structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis is performed and descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for 21 items is ./925 and has an acceptable amount of reliability. The statistical population includes the members of NGOs of Markazi province that is 1304 people and a stratified random sampling has been used. The sample size is 384. The finding of the research reveals that social capital of non-governmental organizations has a positive and significant effect on the political development. They play an important role for the manifestation of the socio- cultural aspect of the Revolution and for the synergy of all talents and capacities for organize the political goals of Iran and to fight enemies and to face challenges ahead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating the Role of Political Trust and Religious Beliefs in Political Development (Case Study of Bandar Gaz)
Jafar Mallah Abolghasem Heidarabadi Sefollah FarzanehBandar Gaz city has not grown significantly in the field of political development and the level of political participation and activity of political parties in it is low. Political development is influenced by social and cultural factors, including political trust and r MoreBandar Gaz city has not grown significantly in the field of political development and the level of political participation and activity of political parties in it is low. Political development is influenced by social and cultural factors, including political trust and religious beliefs. The present article aimed to analyze the effects of political trust and religious beliefs on political development. The research method was survey and information was collected using a questionnaire. All people over 15 years old in Gaz port have been selected as the statistical population, which is equal to 36785 people. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster and the sample size according to Cochran's formula is 380 people. The measurement tool has a formal validity and its reliability for the political development variable is equal to 0.790.The findings show that the average political development is 2.01, which is a higher than average number. The dimension of political participation with an average of 2.31 has the highest average and the dimension of political freedom with an average of 1.76 have the lowest value among the dimensions of political development. The variables of religiosity and political trust have a positive and direct relationship with the level of political development. The results of multivariate regression show that 33.9% of the changes in political development are explained by variables. Religiosity has the least effect and political trust has the most effect on political development. Therefore, the role of political trust and religious beliefs in increasing and accelerating the political development of Gaz port should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Study of barriers to political development in Iran with emphasis on non-participation of academic elites Case study: Professors of Larestan universities
MEHRAN ASKARI Behbood Khademi Alireza KhoddamiThe aim of this study is to investigate the barriers to political development in Iran with emphasis on the lack of participation of academic elites (Case study: professors of Larestan universities). This work is a fundamental and applied research in terms of purpose. Re MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the barriers to political development in Iran with emphasis on the lack of participation of academic elites (Case study: professors of Larestan universities). This work is a fundamental and applied research in terms of purpose. Regarding the data, this qualitative study was conducted by using the phenomenological method. In this research, information was collected through interviews. Using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, key informants (including 20 professors) were selected to identify barriers to political development. The tool used was a semi-structured interview. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method.Based on the results of content analysis in this piece of work, ten basic themes include: Cultural and educational failure, distortion of people's attitudes toward development, inadequate media information, employment and inefficient economic policies of governments, feelings of relative deprivation, weak capital Social, historical factors, weakness of civil society, and political factors were obtained. Finally, four organizing themes including cultural barriers (: Cultural and educational failure, distortion of individuals' attitudes toward political development and weakness of media information), Economic barriers (employment situation and inefficient economic policies of governments)and Social barriers (feelings of relative deprivation, weak social capital, and weak civil society) and structural barriers (historical and political factors) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Great spiritual thinkers impact on socio-political developments in Iran between two revolutions (from 1285 to 1357)
Samad Abedini Samad Rasolzadeh Amir KhoshalThe aim of this paper is to clarify the constitutional position of great spiritual leaders who had comparative- historical nature in seventy years of Mashroteh either officially or unofficially. This has been done by using information gathered through the study of liter MoreThe aim of this paper is to clarify the constitutional position of great spiritual leaders who had comparative- historical nature in seventy years of Mashroteh either officially or unofficially. This has been done by using information gathered through the study of literature, texts, references, various documents and first and second hand sources whether written or non-written. Also this study is to investigate these elites’ effect on the political and social changes of that time and the role of ruling power. Through the social changes our society was despotic, underdeveloped and nomadic, where king was the only power and people were illiterate and popular, but Qajar kings required gaining the approval of religious scholars and clergymen (who were one of the most influential groups in the society after Safavids) in order to have political legitimacy. At that time political power was legitimated only with the support and approval of clergymen and despite the revolution against these functions, because of the lack of strong central government and the absence of a standing army they could not make fundamental and structural changes in Iran. In Pahlavi’s time clergymen were totally excluded from political legitimacy. Manuscript profile -
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31 - A Survey of the Political Corruption and its Relation with the Political Development from the Political Sociology’s point of view
Parviz Ahadi Mohammad Ghafarian Gabelou Aziz Javanpour Samad NoojavanJosef Nay considers the political development as a preservation oflegitimacy of a political system within a given period and regards its factorsthe law domination, responsiveness, clarity, verification, politicalcompetition, free and fair elections along with their inst MoreJosef Nay considers the political development as a preservation oflegitimacy of a political system within a given period and regards its factorsthe law domination, responsiveness, clarity, verification, politicalcompetition, free and fair elections along with their institutionalization.Failure to control and restrict corruption will usually endanger thetransition to political development. The lack of political development hasled to an increase in political corruption, and their relationship will berepeated in a series of cycles over the course of many periods. In this study,the concept of political corruption is the abuse of power delegated bypolitical and governmental agents in order to provide personal gain withthe aim of increasing power or wealth. In this study, political corruptionand its relation to political development from the political sociologyperspective have been examined in a documentary method. It has beenconcluded that political corruption brings lack of development and lack ofdevelopment, reciprocate political corruption. Political corruption has anegative influence on the process of political development and providesthe basic challenges for the political system and its citizens. Politicalcorruption also reduces citizen's trust in the system and will reduce thelegitimacy of political system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Political Development process in Iraqi Kurdistan Region and it's Effect on Iranaian National Interets (1991-2020)
safar valadbaigi sadegh zibakalam monfared sayed alireza azghandi aliashraf nazarianThe formation of an autonomous and later federal system in Iraqi Kurdistan has been the product of international political interactions and Kurdish nationalist struggles in the form of political parties. The experience of three decades of Iraqi Kurdish parties in govern MoreThe formation of an autonomous and later federal system in Iraqi Kurdistan has been the product of international political interactions and Kurdish nationalist struggles in the form of political parties. The experience of three decades of Iraqi Kurdish parties in governing, self-governing, developing new democratic institutions, and generating challenges to the growth of democracy means that the Kurdistan Region is a rich place to test the relationship between political parties and political development. The main question is: In the process of political development of the Kurdistan region, what role did the main parties play in the conflict of existing obstacles and resources? The research method is documentary method. Data included library resources, and interviews with ten experts in the field of political development at universities in Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan. Findings show that although the process of political development in this region has not been continuous, dynamic and increasing, but this region with the rule of its parties over the last three decades is moving towards a kind of minimal democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Left wing women and political development in Iran(1941-1979 A.D)
Fatemeh Beyranvand Elaheh colaee Ali Ashraf NazariThis research applies a descriptive-analytical approach to explain historical aspects and consequently interprets the data regarding the left movement and left wing women based on the Anthony Giddens's construction theory in the second Pahlavi dynasty.In this regard, af MoreThis research applies a descriptive-analytical approach to explain historical aspects and consequently interprets the data regarding the left movement and left wing women based on the Anthony Giddens's construction theory in the second Pahlavi dynasty.In this regard, after examining the developments of the left movement and the political and social activities of left wing women, we will try to answer the question that what effects the political and social actions of left wing women have had on the process of political development in Iran in the second Pahlavi dynasty?To answer the above question according to Giddens's construction theory, There is a mutual relationship between structure and agent which based on, the left wing women as agents of the left movement had potential to influence the political structure of the Pahlavi dynasty and play a role in establishing a developed political system.As result, this research reveals the political and social actions of left wing women, due to the political structure of the Pahlavi regime and the domination of dictatorship, had no effective role in the process of political development and establishment of a democratic system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigating the relationship between Tehiz and economic development after the Islamic Revolution in Iran
susan khaleghi isa hasanzadeh MohammadReza Naeimi AbasAli TalebiAs a study of the relationship between political parties and economic development after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article pays attention to the course of economic and political developments in the form of development programs. The research is a qualitative an MoreAs a study of the relationship between political parties and economic development after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article pays attention to the course of economic and political developments in the form of development programs. The research is a qualitative and descriptive type of analysis, which is carried out by a documentary method. The results of the survey indicate that the Islamic revolution is the result of the participation of all political groups, including religious, religious and national groups, nationalists with socialist and liberal tendencies, and economic and political development requires the political participation of parties and groups and the economic participation of the private sector. After the revolution, these things have been seen in the country's development plans in the form of five-year plans, where the program and budget organization is the main agent of preparing the requirements and formulating the plan. Despite the fact that the Islamic Republic Party was the most comprehensive revolutionary and Islamic party, it was pulled towards isolation and closure due to differences caused by political attitudes and tendencies, without affecting the economic system and only by eliminating competitors. The parties of construction agents and the 18 groups of reforms had the most influence in Iran's economic development programs, and to the extent that the participation of the parties has decreased, the development programs have also been ineffective. So that the highest alignment and the best performance can be achieved in the third, first, second, fifth and fourth programs respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Process, Structure and Function of Political and Economical Development from the time of Shah’s Land Reform up to Islamic Revolution (1962-79)
Ali reza Esmaeili Ali BayaniDevelopment is the most important social welfare indicator due to it’s inclusion of qualitative and quantitative indexes. Development could have positive impact on society if it is sustainable and balanced one. To achieve this end, proper use of all nation’s MoreDevelopment is the most important social welfare indicator due to it’s inclusion of qualitative and quantitative indexes. Development could have positive impact on society if it is sustainable and balanced one. To achieve this end, proper use of all nation’s capacities and potentials is a must requirement to be realized. Only then, one could expect to have structure and function of economic and political development be adopted to the condition and the needs of society. Iran in Shah’s era, with large oil revenue in the period of 1962-79, failed to achieve desired economic and political development. The main reason for this failure was that the model of national development was mostly based on the models employed in developed nations rather than be accommodated to the nation’s internal realities. In other word, not paying enough attention to the level of nation’s capacity and potential not only did not exert a positive role in the nation’s development instead it led to the nation’s undevelopment and also capital embezzlement. Hence, in spite of rising oil revenue and land reform which increased the economic power of the people, however, sustainable growth did not materialized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Study of the Effects of Political, Social and Cultural Participation on Political Development in Markazi
Forouzan Keyvanfar Mohammadhossein Pouryani Hassan KhairiParticipation is a communal, conscious and voluntary act which is formed by citizen’s interference in different levels,from public events to putting the vote into the ballot box to reach social needs and political decisions.Participation is the most rational act o MoreParticipation is a communal, conscious and voluntary act which is formed by citizen’s interference in different levels,from public events to putting the vote into the ballot box to reach social needs and political decisions.Participation is the most rational act of human beings in a society which can lay the ground for political participation;thus,a study of its relationship with progress and political progress is mandatory.The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of political,cultural and social participation of people on political development in Markazi province in the period 1385-1395.The present study is a survey research.The methodology of the research follows cluster sampling.Accordingly,from a total statistical society of 448226,383 adults above 18 years of age from different cities of Markazi province have been chosen by Cochran formula as the sample size.The result of investigation and evaluation of the hypotheses of the current research with the help of valid documents shows that whenever people have experienced living in better conditions of security,trust,and social capital,they have had serious and active participation in all social grounds,as a result of which a growth in the civil society and development in politics has been observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Analyzing the challenges and opportunities affecting political development in Iraq
تکتم شهرستانی ALI SHIRKHANI ماشااله حیدرپورThe purpose of the current research is to analyze the challenges and opportunities affecting the political development in Iraq. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the results showed that the factors affecting the political development in Iraq, in the per MoreThe purpose of the current research is to analyze the challenges and opportunities affecting the political development in Iraq. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the results showed that the factors affecting the political development in Iraq, in the period from 1920 to 2002, were in two areas of challenges with indicators such as the structure of tradition, the weakness of civil society, etc.; And in the field of opportunities, it can be checked with indicators such as the presence of oil, geopolitical position, etc. Although the path of development in Iraq has never been smooth, but considering that no society can ever be observed in stagnation and stagnation, and relying on the fact that development is a long and time-consuming matter, we can see the future of Iraq in the realization of the path Political development was promising. Of course, this does not mean ignoring the potential and actual challenges and obstacles in this direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Cultural Capacity Making, the Key Factor in the Direction of Cultural and Political Development
Ali Rashidpour Saeed AghasiCultural capacity making is a permanent process for helping people, organizations and cultural and political association for elevating and adapting with useful changes and effective countering with unhelpful changes of cultural and political atmosphere. The result of th MoreCultural capacity making is a permanent process for helping people, organizations and cultural and political association for elevating and adapting with useful changes and effective countering with unhelpful changes of cultural and political atmosphere. The result of this process can be obtained from mission, special objectives, sources, texts and durability. The aim of this process is first answering the internal weakness of cultural and political organizations and strengthening the existing potentials, secondly, assistance to cultural and political sections for coordination with quick environmental changes. Therefore, attaining these targets facilitate the input feeding for interested groups who are general members of a culture and as a result cultural and political development takes place. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method examines the concept of cultural and political development. The examination of the role of cultural capacity making is done within four important aspects of cultural-political development. These four aspects are as follows: a) development of religious ideological base, b) development of cultural and political capital, C) development of cultural and political thought, d) institutional cultural and political development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Strategy of the United States vis-à-vis the Developments of the Middle East and North Africa: Egypt and Strategic Mistake
Bashir Esmaeili Behroz Mokhtari Somayeh Malek Jamshidi Khane ZenianiThe unexpected developments in the Middle East which occurred in 2011 have attracted the attention of many experts. The long standing dictatorships of the region were caught in the domino of crisis. Some faced regime change; others faced widespread unrest or civil war. MoreThe unexpected developments in the Middle East which occurred in 2011 have attracted the attention of many experts. The long standing dictatorships of the region were caught in the domino of crisis. Some faced regime change; others faced widespread unrest or civil war. These developments took place at a time that few years ago during George Bush junior presidency in the United States of America, a plan was introduced with the name of “the Greater Middle East” which envisaged mechanism for political changes in the region. On the basis of this plan the inefficient governments of the Middle East which generally have undemocratic political system and are deeply affected by corruption and mismanagement at all levels will eventually create dangerous crises for the region. In fact the chaotic situation of some of the countries of the Middle East region not only lead to widespread migration of people to Western countries but in the long run result into growth and formation extremist anti-West groups. Therefore, it is better that democratic model of government substitute the existing form of government and the Western countries should reconsider their support for the dictators of the region. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to study the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis the Middle East and North Africa developments particularly Egypt (as an important actor of the region) within the framework of the greater Middle East plan. The underlying hypothesis is that the United States policy in connection with Egypt conforms to broad framework of the Greater Middle East plan, although the Egypt’s later developments after the fall of Mubarak which led to coming to power of Muslim Brotherhood was contrary to the United States’ objectives. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Indicators of desirable and ideal civil society from the point of view of the Holy Qur'an
masomeh faraji rogaiieh sadeghiniri alireza abdorrahimiIndicators of desirable and ideal civil society from the point of view of the Holy Qur'an The way desirable human life in the individual and social life is one of the most important human ambiguities in the modern world. The Holy Quran, in this regard, portrays the pat MoreIndicators of desirable and ideal civil society from the point of view of the Holy Qur'an The way desirable human life in the individual and social life is one of the most important human ambiguities in the modern world. The Holy Quran, in this regard, portrays the pattern and system of life of Tayyeba in the form of the modern discourse of ideal society. This article, which aims to portray a desirable and ideal civil society from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an, by descriptive and analytical method, seeks to answer the fundamental question that is the indices and syndrome of a desirable and idealized civil society from the point of view of the Holy Qur'an. Then, based on the findings, it is concluded that the reform of community management based on the principles of adherence to the principles of sharia, rationality and responsibility, and the construction of the core of virtue by providing human dignity in a modern civil society is the most important goal of the Holy Qur'an. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Investigating the Role of Mass Media in Political Development of the Society.
مهرداد متانیThe use of mass media to achieve political development is the prerequisite. The purpose of this research The Role of mass media in the political development The statistical society of this research includes of All students and faculty members of Mazandaran Which uses a MoreThe use of mass media to achieve political development is the prerequisite. The purpose of this research The Role of mass media in the political development The statistical society of this research includes of All students and faculty members of Mazandaran Which uses a Kerjeisi & Morgan sample size table, were 372 students and 171 faculty members were selected by random sampling Applied research method is used in this survey. A researcher-made questionnaire was user to collect the required data.. In order to validate the instrument, appropriate questions related to each variable were extracted from valid sources and finally approved by authorities. In order to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to be 88% Since the distribution of the data was normal, parametric statistical tests were used to testify the hypotheses. and reliability with Cronbach's alpha was 88%. and to test hypotheses with regard to the normal single-sample t-test was used data. Results showed that the mass media can be through public participation, and provide MshrvytBkhshy and acceptance-of the political development of effective civil liberty. Results also indicate that free and independent media system prevails the media could better perform their duties at the political development. Another conclusion from these results is That the effectiveness of any of the political development in the media, including television, the Internet, satellite television, press and radio are. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Political Developments in Iraq, from the Second Persian Gulf War to the fall of Saddam
Zeinab Sadat Mirmohammadi Samaneh Keshvardoost Nayereh Mirzababaei -
Open Access Article
43 - The Analysis of the Developments in South West Asia Geopolitical Interests (Case study: Geopolitical Developments in Yemen)
Nabiallah Rashnoo -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigating Political Development in Strengthening Sustainable Security in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
Mohammad Miran AhmadAli Khosravi Saeid Khosravi -
Open Access Article
45 - Conditions of Political Development in Iran (1941-1953)
Behnam Cheraghpour Reza Kaviani Faramarz Mirzazadeh Ahmad Beygloo -
Open Access Article
46 - .The role of Erdoğan's personality in the political development of Türkiye
Javad Bakhshi Alamuti Seyed Asadollah Athary Kayhan Barzegar nafise ghaderiPolitical development in 21st century Turkey is linked with the formation of the Justice and Development Party in 2002 and Erdogan's prime ministership in 2003. Through the lens of Erdogan's political psychology, we come to the conclusion that he initially wan MorePolitical development in 21st century Turkey is linked with the formation of the Justice and Development Party in 2002 and Erdogan's prime ministership in 2003. Through the lens of Erdogan's political psychology, we come to the conclusion that he initially wanted to create a platform for political development, which continued with the events of the years after 2011 and especially 2016, but this path was slowed down but not stopped. until before that; The Republic of Turkey witnessed some ups and downs in adapting the social structure to the institution of power, but Erdogan was able to cover this gap. Erdoğan's personality and psychological characteristics have played a direct role in his leadership style, which can be examined from the perspective of political psychology paradigms. Contrary to some criticisms, Erdoğan has not only created a political blockade in Turkey, but has also forced various currents to take political action to confront him. In this article, Edward Shils' theory of supported democracy is used, which overlaps with Erdogan's category of political psychology. So; The role of the government in the political development process of Turkey in the era of justice and development will be examined and analyzed according to Erdogan's political psychology. This research follows a descriptive-analytical method. Using this method, we seek to analyze the indicators of political development according to Shiles in the Ak Party discourse and Erdogan's political behavior. Manuscript profile -
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47 - Impact of Political Culture-making of National Media in the Process of Political Development in the Islamic Republic of Iran
M. R. Eivazi M. R. Eivazi Mohammadbagher MansourzadehAbstract More than hundred TV and Radio channels, provincial and extra territorial services, publishing newspapers and many weekly, monthly, books and audiovisual product together with exceptional hardware and software facilities has turned the I. R. I. Broadcasting to MoreAbstract More than hundred TV and Radio channels, provincial and extra territorial services, publishing newspapers and many weekly, monthly, books and audiovisual product together with exceptional hardware and software facilities has turned the I. R. I. Broadcasting to a giant media. If the function of media at the current age is merely considered information and recreation, in addition of these functions, according to the statement of the late Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran who said that the I. R. I. Broadcasting is as a university and responsible to develop culture and inform the people; but unfortunately the I. R. I. Broadcasting does not to completely fulfill part of its tasks and liabilities and surrender to other, somehow based on competitors. The aim of this paper is to define the current political culture-making of national media in the process of political development in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Examining the views of British parties on the election with emphasis on theories of political development
Pouya Kalantari Hamid Houshangi sobhan bayatBritain is a member of the European Union that has never had a close relationship with the organization and in some cases has not even accepted the EU framework in the field of finance and visas. The latest example of Britain's reluctance to join the union can be seen i MoreBritain is a member of the European Union that has never had a close relationship with the organization and in some cases has not even accepted the EU framework in the field of finance and visas. The latest example of Britain's reluctance to join the union can be seen in the 2016 secession referendum. Britain's secession from the European Union has drawn opposition from both the people and the political parties. In this paper, the authors collect political development views as well as the views of the main British parties on the election through the secondary analysis method and then use the descriptive-analytical method to examine the impact of political development theories as an independent variable on the parties' approach They have chosen the issue of choice as a dependent variable. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the views of British political parties in the selection process based on theories of political development. The results of this study show that relying on theories of political development, it is possible to analyze to a large extent the views of British political parties in the field of election. The Labor Party, for example, agrees with the election, but is opposed to political development, as it seeks things like the state economy. Manuscript profile -
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49 - An analysis of the political function of the reform government with a focus on political development over efficiency
Reaz eisaniaSecondary legitimacy of governments One of the most important issues in the field of government studies and one of the current issues of governments, including the reform government, can be: The main question of the article is that; Has the reform government's record of MoreSecondary legitimacy of governments One of the most important issues in the field of government studies and one of the current issues of governments, including the reform government, can be: The main question of the article is that; Has the reform government's record of secondary legitimacy been successful? We have used the critical method to obtain the answer and we have followed this hypothesis; Although the reform government defends its performance and considers it successful, there is a significant relationship between the electoral turn of the people from the reform government to another government, which indicates the failure of their performance in relation to the country's development plans as well as the ratio. Compared to the performance of developed countries. The findings of the study also indicate that although government agents have reformed their performance compared to previous governments based on successful political development, but from the people's point of view; legitimate freedoms, deprivation and the realization of civil society, and especially the prosperity of culture and politics, and wanted to achieve the same economic development through the political development of the country. In the eight years of his rule, he faced a crisis every nine days, so it can be said that he could not respond positively to the demands of the people, and its inefficiency was shown more than anything in the ability to regulate, so a license for Turning from Khatami's government to another government called the Justice Government. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Rentierism and Political Development of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Said Baghkhani Majid kaffashi soroush FathiNowadays, the importance of oil is no secret to anyone, and the consequences of its income are influential in the different areas of the social life of the exporting countries; therefore, it is futile to investigate these consequences regardless of the social and politi MoreNowadays, the importance of oil is no secret to anyone, and the consequences of its income are influential in the different areas of the social life of the exporting countries; therefore, it is futile to investigate these consequences regardless of the social and political conditions associated with the governments of the above-mentioned countries. Thus, this study has attempted to study rentierism and the political development of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to identify threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths using a Delphi method. the Delphi method was used in the field of research and using the open-ended questionnaire, the experts in political sociology, economics and politics were asked questions in six stages of Delphi. In this regard, The most important opportunities: strengthing military power, providing ways to be independent politically and economically, appropriate international relations through income derived from natural resources; Threats: widespread intervention of foreign countries, reduction of national security, and lack of interaction with global economy; Strengths: formation of the middle class, social institutionalization, order and modern state; Weaknesses: lack of seriousness in receiving tax, concentration of resources in the hands of the government, and non-formation of indepdent social groups can be mentioned. Manuscript profile -
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51 - An Examination of interest in partyability and evaluation of its influence on political development from the Members of Islamic Consultative Assembly's point of view
Hossein Zamiri Sayed Reza salehiamiri sourosh fathiFrom the point of view of political sociology, parties are one of the most important and effective social forces in political processes, so that the political space of modern societies cannot be imagined without parties. On the other hand, the role of parties in the pro MoreFrom the point of view of political sociology, parties are one of the most important and effective social forces in political processes, so that the political space of modern societies cannot be imagined without parties. On the other hand, the role of parties in the process of political development and the deepening of democracy is emphasized. In this study, the attitudes of the sixth and seventh term Majlis - as one of the most important pillars of the political system - to the role of divisiveness in political development, and the impact of this attitude on their political behavior, are examined. The findings of the study indicate a significant correlation between a positive attitude to the role of parties in political development and a tendency to party activity. In other words, a considerable part of the sixth and seventh members of parliament believe that parties and parties have a positive and effective role in the political development process, on the other hand, the positive attitude of the party on the influence of political development on the political behavior of the MPs. The positive and the representatives who believed in the positive role of the parties in the process of political development have also in practice been more inclined to party activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Meta-Analysis on Women’s Studies and Development in Iran Considering on political development
azadeh ghazanfari khalil Mirzaei masoume ReshadThe first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women MoreThe first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. This paper is performed in order to merge done studies in femininity field and development. Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 55 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis) was obtained equally to 0/472, which was significant. Size of obtained effect from studies(p<0/001) were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development.Also by considering social development as moderator variable,this coefficient was calculated as social development 0/645respectively.that in level of p<0/001 are significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Investigating the role of social and cultural factors in political development in Bandar Gaz city
Jafar Mallah abolghasem hedarabadi Seyfollah FarzanehOne of the most important dimensions of development in any society is political development. Political development is influenced by social, economic and cultural factors. The article was done with the sociological explanation of the political development of Bandar Gaz c MoreOne of the most important dimensions of development in any society is political development. Political development is influenced by social, economic and cultural factors. The article was done with the sociological explanation of the political development of Bandar Gaz city. The research method was a survey and information was collected using a questionnaire. All people over 18 years of age were selected as the statistical population, which is equal to 36,785 people. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster and the sample size is 380 people based on Cochran's formula. The findings show that the average of the political development variable is equal to 2.01, which is a higher number than the average. The dimension of political participation with an average of 2.31 has the highest average and the dimension of political freedom with an average of 1.76 has the lowest average among the dimensions of political development. The variables of religiosity, social capital, political socialization, means of mass communication and political trust have a positive and direct relationship with the level of political development. The findings show that 40.5% of the changes in the level of political development are explained by variables. Religiosity has the least effect and political trust has the greatest effect on political development. The result is that it is necessary to pay attention to the role of sociability and political trust and indicators of social capital in increasing and accelerating the political development of Bandar Gaz. Manuscript profile -
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54 - Discourse Analysis of Islamic Revolution Third Generation and Its Role in Political Development
Seyed Abbas Husseini -
Open Access Article
55 - The ratio of economic corruption to political development in Iran Years 1989-2013
Ali mohamadi ali asghar zargarOne of the major threats to the economic security of countries is the phenomenon of corruption and economic crime. This is particularly true of countries with a rentier economy with more obvious aspects and manifestations, and Iran's criminal law demonstrates that there MoreOne of the major threats to the economic security of countries is the phenomenon of corruption and economic crime. This is particularly true of countries with a rentier economy with more obvious aspects and manifestations, and Iran's criminal law demonstrates that there is no criminal offense under this heading of economic corruption in Iran's criminal code, or under another heading, has been criminalized, or The Criminal Code of Iran has paid a fair share of this crime to the fullest. Of course, the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 states that disruption of the economic system of the country is widely regarded as one of the examples of corruption in the law. In this case, the law is inadequate. Studies show that the phenomenon of corruption and economic crime firstly affects the economic security of societies and, on the other hand, affect the political development of the Especially Iran countries. In this article, we are looking at the causes of economic corruption and its impact on Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - a
مهدی مرادی مسعود جعفری نژاد احمد آذین علیرضا گلشنیسرمایه اجتماعی که در دهه های اخیر بیشتر مورد توجه اندیشمندان و متفکران حوزه علوم اجتماعی قرار گرفته است، مفهومی کلان بوده و دربردارنده ابعاد متعدد اجتماعی همچون اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی، هنجارها و وجوه گوناگون پیوندها، همکاری، اعتماد متقابل و ارتباطات میان اعضای یک شبکه Moreسرمایه اجتماعی که در دهه های اخیر بیشتر مورد توجه اندیشمندان و متفکران حوزه علوم اجتماعی قرار گرفته است، مفهومی کلان بوده و دربردارنده ابعاد متعدد اجتماعی همچون اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی، هنجارها و وجوه گوناگون پیوندها، همکاری، اعتماد متقابل و ارتباطات میان اعضای یک شبکه است. با توجه به این مهم، تحقیق حاضر به بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی(با سه بعد ساختاری، شناختی و ارتباطی) در توسعه اجتماعی و سیاسی ایران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی پرداخته است. این تحقیق به روش آمیخته (کمّی و کیفی) صورت گرفته است و جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش در بخش کمّی شامل 600 نفر از دانشگاهیان شهر تهران در سال 1398 و در فاز کیفی شامل 12 نفر از صاحب نظران مسائل توسعه، استادان دانشگاه بود که با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی فازی اطلاعات آنها گردآوری و تحلیل شد. تکنیک دلفی فازی به عنوان تاییدی بر یافته های کمی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد توسعه سیاسی جوامع دانشگاهی بر سرمایه اجتماعی اثر گذار بوده است. به عبارتی، بین متغیرهای توسعه سیاسی (متغیر وابسته ) و سرمایه اجتماعی (متغیر مستقل) همبستگی معناداری وجود دارد. در کل، می توان اشاره داشت که 3/42% از تغییرات متغیر وابسته یعنی توسعه سیاسی (حق رأی و شرکت در انتخابات و اجتماعات) به کمک متغیر مستقل (سرمایه اجتماعی) قابل تبیین است. یافته های تکنیک دلفی فازی حکایت از توافق تقریبا کامل(بالای 70 درصد) خبرگان در مورد تاثیر شاخص های سرمایه اجتماعی بر توسعه سیاسی و اجتماعی در ایران دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Political and social consequences of the emergence of the new middle class in Iran during the Second Pahlavi era
saeed jahangiri Abolghasem TaheriThe present article deals with the concept of the new middle class and how it develops and functions at the time of the second Pahlavi years. It can be said that the new middle class, in parallel with its growth, could not find a very high status in political and social MoreThe present article deals with the concept of the new middle class and how it develops and functions at the time of the second Pahlavi years. It can be said that the new middle class, in parallel with its growth, could not find a very high status in political and social participation, and therefore, contrary to what the government had before, became a government against it. In this regard, different perspectives on the concept of the middle class and the new middle class are presented, and then its historical expansion process is explained in the period under discussion of this paper. The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytic and has been discussed from the angles of this issue. This article attempts to use the concepts and topics in sociology and political sciences about social classes to explain the historical changes of the period under discussion. Accordingly, the fundamental question of the present research is how does the new middle class play a role in the political development of Iran during the Pahlavi era Second has Based on this hypothesis, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's strategic mistakes led to a decline in political development in the growth of the new middle class and the failure to meet their basic qualitative and traditional demands and the new middle class coalition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigating the dimensions and components of the rule of law in inclusive development and its political consequences
ali akbar Nasiri Khalili Ahmad Reza behniafar Ali پورقصاب امیریThe rule of law is one of the most important concepts in the field of public law, especially recognized fundamental rights and has universal value and is even one of the benchmarks for evaluating legal and political systems. So that every political and legal system in t MoreThe rule of law is one of the most important concepts in the field of public law, especially recognized fundamental rights and has universal value and is even one of the benchmarks for evaluating legal and political systems. So that every political and legal system in the field of the characteristics of the rule of law has been in a position of accountability and evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions and components of the rule of law in inclusive development. In this study, after explaining the concepts of rule of law and inclusive development, the effect of rule of law on inclusive growth and development and the legal, political and economic consequences of rule of law have been discussed. The results of this study indicate that in the first place, the rule of law leads to the establishment of legal order, which is one of the components of social order and political development. also; The existence of the rule of law in a society is a sign of development, and the realization of the rule of law can be a stimulus for achieving inclusive growth and development. Most importantly, the prominent role of the rule of law in the economic, political, social and cultural performance of countries, necessitates studies on the rule of law and inclusive development, given that the rule of law is one of the general principles of law and a component Is the foundation of a democratic society, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Impact of Political Developments on Contemporary Iranian Painting with Emphasis on the Political Teachings of the Islamic Revolution
shahnaz Alipuri moradi Soheila dizgeliThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary Iranian painting. Art as a part of human life has always undergone changes. The changes that have influenced the external factors in their context and of which these factor MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary Iranian painting. Art as a part of human life has always undergone changes. The changes that have influenced the external factors in their context and of which these factors are influenced, of course, seem to have been most of these external factors that weigh heavily on the artist and the artist and are his means of arousal. This research is an attempt to identify the various influential factors whose origins in politics in the context of contemporary Iranian history and at specific points in time that have created artistic movements. According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that what has been the focus of art throughout the history of this field is the social factors, and these social factors are more influenced by political developments and politicians are the main actors in this scene. . Thus, the Islamic Revolution has influenced the contemporary factors of the above mentioned contemporary painting in Iran. As you can see, this effect is quite evident in the works created. The turning point of the influence of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary paintings is the imposing war that had all the paintings and paintings created with the colors and scents of the goals of the revolution. Then there was a great change in the paintings created in the seventies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigating the Impact of Women's Political, Social and Cultural Participation on Political Development in Markazi Province in 2006-2017
Forozan Keyvanfar Mohammad Hossein Pouriani Hassan KhairiBy studying the participation of women in the history of societies, we find that women in most countries in different levels of participation، They did not have a major participation and their participation was usually at a low and middle level of political, social, cul MoreBy studying the participation of women in the history of societies, we find that women in most countries in different levels of participation، They did not have a major participation and their participation was usually at a low and middle level of political, social, cultural and economic activities, so it is necessary to examine the relationship between their presence and participation in different areas of society and its direct impact on political development. It is impossible for any society to achieve development without considering the conditions for women's participation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of women's participation and political development in Markazi province during the period of 2006-2017. The research was conducted by survey and the cluster sampling method from the statistical population of 448226 adult women For 18 years, the sample size has been determined based on Cochran's formula of 383 people. As a result of examining and testing the hypotheses of this research with the help of valid documents and the results of testing the hypotheses, there is a significant and direct relationship between the dependent variables of women's political, cultural, social participation and political development. Whenever women have awareness, security, trust, social capital, gender justice in the family and society, they have had a serious and active participation in all the mentioned fields, following the growth of civil society and overcoming obstacles. Political development has been observed according to the available documents, women's participation in Markazi province in the mentioned decade, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigating and evaluating of effective factors and components of political development in Iran (Case of study: Examining the viewpoint of the influential managers of Kerman province in the period of 1997-2017)
hemmat balochy اژدری azhdari حسنی باقری hassanibakhriThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the effective factors and components on the political development in Iran and seeks to answer to this the question that what factors and components affect the process of political development in Ir MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the effective factors and components on the political development in Iran and seeks to answer to this the question that what factors and components affect the process of political development in Iran? In terms of its nature and purpose, this research was applied research and its research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population consisted of managers of Kerman province in the period 1997-2017, which was used to determine the sample size from Krejcie and Morgan's table and stratified random method was used for sampling. In this research, Huntington's model (1965) was used to investigate and evaluate of effective factors and components of political development. Its dimensions included: the rationality of political authority, functional and structural differentiation and the growth of political participation. The findings showed that based on the research model, 3 dimensions and 12 components can be proposed for political development in Iran. Then these dimensions and components were ranked with by Friedman's test that the results showed that among the effective dimensions, the rationality dimension of political authority has the highest rank. Meanwhile, among the effective components, the components of the government's attention to political modernization and the definition of new political functions at the community level have the highest rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Political Parties and them Effects on the Islamic Republic of Iran Elections
Sadegh Zibakalam Morteza MoghtadaieTo days, the moste of thinkers and authorities beleive that establishing the parties in real sence is necessary to replace active, organized and regular participation by mass participation and they consider it as completed stage form Islamic republic stage that such mat MoreTo days, the moste of thinkers and authorities beleive that establishing the parties in real sence is necessary to replace active, organized and regular participation by mass participation and they consider it as completed stage form Islamic republic stage that such matter is essential to guarantee continuity and balance of Islamic system. Now that country exposes to place at the process of ups and downs of revolution and its crisis, the demand of political participation increases too, it;s evident that basic index of political development is based on political partipation. This kind of participation has efficient tools and structured organizations, so the most significant factor to create active and real participation is party and organized challenges, but not each organization or party, rather structured organizations during the time and efficient contents. By glancing over our political system of country, it,s clearly evident that the parties weren,t established in a real sense, rather political groups called the party hare temporary activities in days of election and after that , there isn,t precise and defined relationship between members of the party and the party itself. There fore, if destructive obstacles and damages are resolved and the real parties are formed, then it will significantly affect on decrease of elections errors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Pathology of Relation between Political culture and Political Development in Iran
Mohammad Abolfathi Mohammad Karim MohammadiThe glourios Islamic revolution in Iran is a great change throughout the history of Iran and it has brought with itself enormous achievements which are not comparable with the past era. Although there are some improvements regarding political development in comparation MoreThe glourios Islamic revolution in Iran is a great change throughout the history of Iran and it has brought with itself enormous achievements which are not comparable with the past era. Although there are some improvements regarding political development in comparation with the past era, but these improvement are far from the ideal situation of an Islamic system. Influence of political culture on political development? A culture approach is used to answer this question .Thus a hypothesis has been tested which counts political culture as the major factor in prevention of realization of political development. For this purpose and regarding different study approaches, the most improvement elements of political culture are extracted. Based on these elements it is shown that the former cultural situation continues to its existence and this culture has a wide gap with civil culture which is the best culture for a democratic system. Therefore political culture of Iran has not provided a ground for political development and is a major obstacle in this regard. A comprtion between political culture and authority pattern, participation pattern, party formation and interaction with foreigners proves this argument. Therefore development in Iran needs cultural preparation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Political Development and Modern Policy: Challangs of Political Development in Contemporary of Iran
Khosro VafaiePolitical development has been associated with a variety of injuries and the challenges faced. The origin of the main challenges in our society, politically incorrect understanding of the development of modern policy . In fact, if you understand the significance of the MorePolitical development has been associated with a variety of injuries and the challenges faced. The origin of the main challenges in our society, politically incorrect understanding of the development of modern policy . In fact, if you understand the significance of the relationship between these two categories is not available, you may develop between the political and policy practitioners, conflict and conflict arise in the works and its adverse consequences, in addition to the two political agents, our society also learn. Politicians flourish without regard to the objectives and work liberals, their performance goals are not simply ignore. This one-sided view of the two groups is more or less at times in the history of political developments in Iran has shown themselves to be effective and to a process of political development in Iran has become more serious ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Sociological analysis of the management of urban development changes in the last 20 years (case study of Tehran)
Nayere Mubaraki Fard Bahram Ghadimi Mehrdad NavabakhshIn the city of Tehran, four categories of factors have played a role in urban development, and the interaction of these factors has resulted in an unbalanced urban development and a disproportionate distribution of facilities during the last hundred years. Economic fact MoreIn the city of Tehran, four categories of factors have played a role in urban development, and the interaction of these factors has resulted in an unbalanced urban development and a disproportionate distribution of facilities during the last hundred years. Economic factors, social factors, cultural factors and historical-political factors can be mentioned as the most important factors of urban development. The general purpose of the current research was to analyze the sociological management of the development process of the economic, social, political and cultural factors of Tehran in the past 20 years. The research method used in this research is documentary and historical. Using census statistics, four indicators including; Social, cultural, political and economic factors have been determined in the development of Tehran metropolis, and using cluster analysis and factor analysis, research hypotheses were examined and then confirmed. Based on the available information and data and among the indicators proposed at the city level, 4 social factors have been considered: education, family relations, social relations, press and population. In political historical factors, indicators of political periods and international relations are decisive. In economic factors, indicators of production, jobs, human power and economic relations are considered. In terms of cultural factors, indicators of media communication and artistic activities are determining variables of development.The findings showed that in social development, the humanistic and culture-oriented approach to development, in addition to strengthening and promoting the economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainable development, can lead to comprehensive and effective results. The physical development of Tehran can be explained with the economic approach and modernization theory for development. Political development of Tehran is not equivalent to urban development. But the historical and economic development of Tehran has been influenced by urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The impact of public policy in terms of general welfare on social-political development Case Study of Kurdistan Province
Seyyed Rahmat Ollah Barzanjeh Atry Malek taj KhosraviFrom a public welfare perspective, public policy is the concept of studying and reviewing the social and welfare services of the state. These services are non-political and mainly include housing, social security, social work, and education. The main goal of social pol MoreFrom a public welfare perspective, public policy is the concept of studying and reviewing the social and welfare services of the state. These services are non-political and mainly include housing, social security, social work, and education. The main goal of social policy is to reduce inequality and improve human well-being, including health, nutrition, employment, and other public services. With this definition, the present paper addresses the impact of public policy in terms of general welfare on the social policies of the Iranian government, with emphasis on the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. This research is applied research whose task is not scientific discovery and its main objective is to test and investigate the possibility of using existing knowledge in order to be able to solve specific policy issues from the perspective of general welfare and to assist agents to carry out their duties. The results of this study, which were conducted using the Delphi method, show that Kendall's agreement coefficient is higher than 0.4 and considering the lower level of significance level from 0.05, it can be said that Kendall's consensus coefficient is significant and At 95% confidence level, the consensus among experts has existed. The closer the Kendall agreement is to one closer, the more consensus among the experts will be. Manuscript profile
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