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Open Access Article
1 - Zinc phytoremediation by desert shrub Acacia victoriae benth.
Khadijeh Khermandar Ali MahdaviIn this study was purposed to investigate the absorption of zinc by Acacia victoriae. ‎The one year old shrubs were randomly selected in 3 replications and exposed by Zinc-sulfate in four concentration (0, 50, 250, 500 mg/l). Some of the morphological and physiologi MoreIn this study was purposed to investigate the absorption of zinc by Acacia victoriae. ‎The one year old shrubs were randomly selected in 3 replications and exposed by Zinc-sulfate in four concentration (0, 50, 250, 500 mg/l). Some of the morphological and physiological properties such as plant height, collar diameter, leaf number and area, green and dry weight of plant, tolerance index, grade of growth inhibition and chlorophyll content as well as bioaccumulations of Zn in different plant tissues ‎were evaluated. Results showed that the properties were significantly affected by Zn. However, the effect of high concentration of Zn ‎had slight decrease in the properties, that didn't have any series effects on tree as well as the signs of toxicity with zincwas not observed. In addition, the amounts of accumulation of Zn in the roots were higher than above-ground tissues, so that about 80% of Zn (4794.5 mg/kg), more than 13% of Zn (797.9 mg/kg), and about ‎7% of Zn (488.35 mg/kg) were accumulated in the root tissues, the stem tissues, and the leaves, respectively. The bioaccumulation and transfer factors were also measured to higher one and lower one, respectively. Generally, the result demonstrated that the Acacia victoriae ‎could be affected‏‎ as a phytoremediation‎ in‏ ‏reduction of soil pollution to Zn‏. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Assessing land cress potential for phytoextraction of cadmium from Cdcontaminated soils
Faranak Mohamadipour Safoora Asadi KapourchalSoil contamination with heavy metals is one of the most important challenges in soil and water conservation area. Remediation of Cd as one of the most important environmental contaminants from contaminated soils due to its high mobility in soil-plant-human chain and adv MoreSoil contamination with heavy metals is one of the most important challenges in soil and water conservation area. Remediation of Cd as one of the most important environmental contaminants from contaminated soils due to its high mobility in soil-plant-human chain and adverse effects on human and animals, is very important. Phytoextraction is one of the biological remediation methods in which hyperaccumulator plants are used to take up pollutants from contaminated soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of Land Cress (Lepidium sativum) for phytoremediation of cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils. For this purpose, a randomized block experimental design with six treatments of 0, 3, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg Cd/ kg soil and four replicates was established in the greenhouse. When plants were fully developed, plants were harvested and cadmium concentrations in the soil, roots and shoots were measured. The results indicated that by increasing Cd concentration in soil, its accumulation in plant tissues was also increased. By increasing cadmium concentration in soil, its concentration within the roots and shoots was increased to 19.3 and 34 times, respectively. This indicates the high capability of both roots and shoots for cadmium uptake from contaminated soils. Total average cadmium concentration in roots and shoots was 65.18 and 60.86 mg/kg, respectively. With increasing cadmium concentration, the time needed for phytoextraction was also increased. The minimum time needed for phytoextraction was belonged to the 3 mg/kg Cd treatment. Since Land Cress has short growing period and high biomass, it can be used as hyperaccumulator plant to remediate cadmium from Cd-contaminated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Phytoremediation of heavy metal (Lead, Zinc and Cadmium) from polluted soils by Arasbaran protected area native plants
Fatemeh Akbarpour Saraskanroud Farhad Sadri Dariush GolalizadehHeavy metals are the most important soil and environmental pollutants. Phytoremedation is one of the environmental oriented technologies that use plants to clean up contaminated soils from heavy metals. The objective of this study was to assess the capability MoreHeavy metals are the most important soil and environmental pollutants. Phytoremedation is one of the environmental oriented technologies that use plants to clean up contaminated soils from heavy metals. The objective of this study was to assess the capability of some native plants to phytoextract some heavy metals from the contaminated soils. Consequently, after preparing and stabilization of the contaminated soils, the seeds of some native plants (Arabis arenosa, Amaranthus retroflexus, Agropyron repens) were seeded, grown and harvested in a designed pot experiment. The soil and plant samples were taken and dried out in an oven at 85 Qc for 48 hours. The mean concentration of each heavy metal in the samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry apparatus. The results indicated that Pb and Cd concentration in plant roots were more than shoots. Lead concentration in plant underground portion and Zinc concentration in aboveground portion were higher. The results further indicated that the maximum Zinc concentration in Agropyron repens aboveground portion was 262.65 Mgkg-1 and the maximum Pb concentration in amaranthus retrofleus underground portion was 71.25 Mgkg-1. From the plant extraction of this study we discovered that pb and cd concentration in soils are considered to become higher in root than shoots of plants. Pb concentration in underground portion and zinc concentration in aboveground portion is higher. Finding of this research show that Zinc concentration maximum in Agropyron repens aboveground portion is 262.65 mgkg-1 and Pb concentration maximum in Amaranthus retroflexus underground portion is 71.25 mgkg-1 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Environmental Design of Civic Wastes Location, with Emphasis on Ecological Landscape Design (Case study: Kahrizak landfill of Tehran)
seyed fazel ghazavi fereshteh habib Sara NahibiBackground and Objective: Landfills cause environmental degradation and pollution by producing greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide and producing leachate as well as contaminating surface and ground water. Recently, the ecological design approach as a fra MoreBackground and Objective: Landfills cause environmental degradation and pollution by producing greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide and producing leachate as well as contaminating surface and ground water. Recently, the ecological design approach as a framework for reducing environmental degradation by adapting municipal solid waste management to environmental processes is expanding widely. Ecological design strives to maximize comfort by minimizing damage to the environment and natural processes while enhancing people's quality of life. Ecological design strives to adapt to nature through the use of natural materials as well as environmental considerations.Method: In the present study, according to the definition of sustainable design and understanding its applications, in order to achieve the best, most complete and practical design for the site in question, existing maps of the area, including aerial maps, topography , GIS, vegetation, upstream maps, site development plans, survey of active sites in Landfill, survey of contaminant types, study of COD and BOD indices of the site have been studied, as well as review and identification of existing status (Environmental, Physical, Climatic, Landscape, Land Use, Transportation, Biological) through observation, photography and interviewing strategic design of this area is provided with ecological-based approach by site staff and residents of neighboring neighborhoods in accordance with the principles and principles governing the design of industrial environments.Findings: The existing plan prevents contamination of groundwater levels and prevents contaminated surrounding urban areas and agricultural lands. Restoration of damaged parts of the landfill, reduction of the risk of contamination by animals and noise pollution and unpleasant odors and its release into the atmosphere. The landfill is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the country through biogas production from landfill gas collection and reduction of fossil fuel use. By collecting and using Landfill gases as fuel and power generation, the rate of emissions to the atmosphere is reduced. Maximum use of biogas is due to the greater use of digesters.Discussion & Conclusion: Design criteria are mainly based on existing constraints and needs and make the designer's policy clearer and significantly help in locating applications. Applying these criteria will help to enhance opportunities and take advantage of existing opportunities and make the project less threatening. After developing the strategies, designing from different perspectives is done to finally select the best plan for implementation by reviewing the concepts and comparing them with each other and in accordance with international standards. At the end of the study, the three concepts are finally selected and after examining these three concepts together, the winning concept is selected for the execution phase. Landfill is an inevitable step in waste management. In today's growing population, landfill has become an integral part of communities, but landfills should not be used as a last resort, but rather as a mean to create new uses for it. Converting landfills to recreational uses while also providing a pleasant place to meet the recreational and sporting needs of the area's inhabitants. Human landfill contaminates the area and destroys many animals and causes major disturbance in nature. Brings to enhance the quality of the landfills and with as the landfill site becomes more prone to disruption, it is necessary to look at the area as a demolished mosaic and take steps to repair it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of Remediation of Contaminated Soils with Heavy Metals Using Helianthus Annuus L. Plant
Mohamad Jafari Esfandiar Jahantab Mehdi MoameriBackground and Objectives: Heavy metals are one of the most serious environmental problems that are spreading around the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soils by sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) under MoreBackground and Objectives: Heavy metals are one of the most serious environmental problems that are spreading around the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soils by sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) under two natural remedies including municipal waste compost and biochar (each at three levels of 0, 1% and 2% by weight) done. Method: Design experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. After planting period, aerial and underground parts of plant have collected and some soil important characteristics and plant morphological properties and metals have measured. ICP-OES is used for heavy metals measurement. Statistical analysis of measured data for the analysis of variance in SPSS software and comparison of data from the test at least significant difference (LSD). Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the application of treatments used in this study in the concentrations of cadmium, lead, zinc, chromium and nickel of shoots and roots of sunflower and the amount of total cadmium and soil exchange. Urban waste and biochar compost treatments increase the uptake of heavy metals cadmium, lead, zinc and chromium into the soil by sunflower. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it can be generally stated that the sunflower species based on the values of TF, BCF and BAC indices can be used as a plant suitable for phytoremediation of contaminated soils in the region through the plant process. Introduce stabilization. According to the results of this study, sunflower can be used as an adsorbent of pollutants and is recommended in soils contaminated with heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Nasturtium Officinal L. for Cadmium Contamination Elimination
Maryam Jafarzadeh Razmi Mahnaz Aghdasi Ahmad Abdolzadeh HamidReza SadeghipourBackground and Objective: One of the most fundamental problems that may affect growth and development of plants and animals are environmental pollution by some heavy metals. Cadmium is a contaminant metal which has harmful effects on the physiological activity of the pl MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most fundamental problems that may affect growth and development of plants and animals are environmental pollution by some heavy metals. Cadmium is a contaminant metal which has harmful effects on the physiological activity of the plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the Nasturtium officinal plants for clarifying of contaminated water and evaluation of this plant ability for phytoremediation. Method: In this study the effect of different concentrations of Cadmium (including 10, 50, 100, 300 and 500 µM CdCl2) was investigated on physiological parameters and Cadmium absorption of Nasturtium officinal plant. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replications. Findings: The obtained result showed that the effects of Cd was significant on growth, physiological characters and the amount of Cadmium in plants, so that fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, height of shoot and root and the photosynthetic pigments increased as levels of Cadmium increased in nutrient solution. By increasing Cadmium concentration in medium culture, the amount of Cadmium was enhanced in roots and shoots. The highest Cadmium content in both root and shoot organs was observed in 500µM cadmium treatment. Discussion and Conclusion: The current results revealed that Nasturtium officinal plants have certain ability for Cd phytoremediation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Phytoremediation of Lead from Contaminated Soil Using Pharagmites Australis
Malihe Amini Hamed HaghparastBackground and Objective: Antropogenic heavy metals discharge in to the precious environment has been a key burden of modernity. Excess trace elements have driven the fertile soil and water mediums in to unstable and fragile states in many countries. In recent years bio MoreBackground and Objective: Antropogenic heavy metals discharge in to the precious environment has been a key burden of modernity. Excess trace elements have driven the fertile soil and water mediums in to unstable and fragile states in many countries. In recent years bio-remediation approaches via various plants species, has been highlited as prior strategies in soil pollution control. Method: The present study aims to assess phytoremediation of Pharagmites australis (common reed) for lead contamination in constructed wetland. Experimental design was performed in an entirely randomized plan having two factors and three replications. Accordingly lead and levels of metal stress were obtained. Findings: According to indoor expriments results, any increment in lead concentration enhances root-shoot metal absorbing. However, impressive accumulation of heavy metals was in roots and its translocation and accumulation in shoot was reported in lesser portions. Results of regression analysis showed concentration increment of lead in P.australis organs under these metal stress condition which was fixed as a quadratic function with R2 >90 (p<0.01). Discussion & Conclusion: P.australis showed high relatively resistant to lead stress. High accumulation capacity for metals in roots and low heavy metal translocation factor were observed during the present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Ability of Alfalfa Plant to Refine Soil Contaminated with Nickel and Lead
samad zahermand mahmod vafaeian Mohammed Hussain BazyarBackground and Objective: In the recent decade, the issue of soil contamination with heavy metals such as nickel and lead is one of the most important environmental problems. According to data from the environmental protection agency, nickel is hazardous at large amount MoreBackground and Objective: In the recent decade, the issue of soil contamination with heavy metals such as nickel and lead is one of the most important environmental problems. According to data from the environmental protection agency, nickel is hazardous at large amounts and a dangerous pollutant and lead is the most important pollutant in the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the soil pollution status of Gachsaran refinery using environmental indicators of pollution coefficient, pollution degree index and modified pollution degree index and to investigate the potential of alfalfa refining plant which is native to Gachsaran region.Material and Methodology: From the soil of Gachsaran refinery in 2017 as the center of pollution, were selected four ranges of 0-500 meters, 1000-500 meters, 1500-1000 meters and 2000-1500 meters. In each range, 5 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm. The ICP-OES device was used to determine heavy metals. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Findings: The analysis of the environmental indicators of the studied area showed a significant degree of contamination for nickel and a high contamination rate for lead. Comparison of mean concentrations of nickel and lead in cultivated soil samples with alfalfa cultivars showed significant difference with mean nickel and lead concentrations in the studied area.Discussion and Conclusions: In general, Alfalfa as a native plant of the region in inappropriate pollution conditions can absorb and extraction nickel and lead from the soil. The final results of this study indicate that ability of alfalfa plant for phytoremediation of nickel in the soil contaminated with petroleum products is higher than that of lead in the Gachsaran refinery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Study on the Refining Properties of Lavandula (Lavandula spica L.) in lead Contaminated Environments
Anahita Kiarostami Vahid Abdosi Pezhman Morad iAbstract: Background and objective: Considering the ever increasing state of pollution in different aspects of the environment, ornamental plants and herbs such as Lavandula have become the center of attention mostly due to their availability and use in urban green spa MoreAbstract: Background and objective: Considering the ever increasing state of pollution in different aspects of the environment, ornamental plants and herbs such as Lavandula have become the center of attention mostly due to their availability and use in urban green spaces. Phytoremediation is a modern and economical method which can be applied to metropolises for decreasing metal contaminations in soil, water and atmosphere. Additionally, throughout this study we tried to determine the impact of lead on morphology and phyto-chemistry properties of Lavandula as a hazardous pollutant for the health of man and other organisms. Method: Through this study, we examined the contamination resistance of Lavandula against lead through 3 completely randomized block design experiments. The treatments included: lead in 2 concentrations (0 and 100 mg) and DTPA in 2 concentrations (1 and 2 mM). Results: The results suggested that heavy metals' stress causes the decrease of morphologic properties being studied and by adding DTPA, the lead absorption decreased in Lavandula. Conclusion: by adding the DTPA chelate, the absorption level of this heavy metal by Lavandula decreased significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Relationship between the Absorption of Heavy Metals of Mercury and the Amount of Chlorophyll and Sugar Production in the Plane Tree Species Seedlings
sahar tabibian Seyed Armin HashemiAbstract Background and Objective: The groups of harmful factors in the ecosystem are heavy metalsn which are particularly important due to their lack of absorption and physiological effects at low concentration on living organisms. Method: In this research, the ability MoreAbstract Background and Objective: The groups of harmful factors in the ecosystem are heavy metalsn which are particularly important due to their lack of absorption and physiological effects at low concentration on living organisms. Method: In this research, the ability of plant tree species to absorb heavy metal mercury was investigated. Two-year-old seedlings of plane tree species were prepared from nursery. Zero and 100 mg / L concentrations of mercuric chloride solution were added to the seedlings' potting soil. After six months, the shoot and root were isolated from the growth of the seedlings, then the concentration of mercury metal was determined in samples and then the data were analyzed. Findings: The results of data analysis showed that the highest amount of mercury accumulation in the shoot was 64.95 mg / kg at the root was117.94 mg / kg and in the soil were 21.33 mg / kg and the total chlorophyll content and sugar content were 4.66 mg / g and 0.552 mg / g, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, plane tree species is relatively suitable for purification of contaminated soils from mercury metal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of urban traffic on the accumulation of heavy elements of lead and cadmium in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and the effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus mossea) symbiosis on it
zahra Alinezhad , Seyed Ali Abtahi Mojtaba Jafarinia Jafar YasrebiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. To protect the environment, one of the effective and low-cost methods is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove, reduce and stabilize polluta MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. To protect the environment, one of the effective and low-cost methods is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove, reduce and stabilize pollutants. In this regard, the use of fungi that symbiosis with plants, can increase the efficiency of phytoremediation, reduce the time required to remove contamination, and develop its application. Material and Methodology: This experiment was performed in order to investigate the traffic and symbiosis interaction’s effects on lead and cadmium accumulation in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The experiment donen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and three factors as factorial. The first factor includes mycorrhiza symbiosis (control and inoculation), the second factor was traffic (Control, 120, 300, 600, 950, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600, and 4200 cars per hour) and the third factor was the type of pot (Controls and pots where the soil surface is covered except at the place of seedlings) with three replications in 2019-2020 in Shiraz metropolis. In the experiment some properties were investigated such as root weight, soil cadmium, shoot cadmium, root cadmium, stem length, main root length, plant dry weight, root lead, cadmium, and lead transfer factors. Findings: The results of mean comparisons showed that inoculation of plants with mycorrhizal fungi )Glomus mossea (had higher lead content of root tissue than shoots and soil in 4200 cars per hour compared to the control. Symbiosis with mycorrhiza fungi increased root weight and plant dry weight, stem length, and main root length compared to the control by 23.93, 18.97, 0.82 and 30.87% in 4200 car traffic per hour, respectively. The results also showed that the treatment of closed pots and inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi increased the growth parameters and decreased cadmium and lead. Discussion and Conclusion: The reduction of cadmium and lead concentrations in the inoculated rosemary with Glomus mosses indicates that Rosmarinus officinalis L. can grow in soils contaminated with cadmium and lead. Also, the symbiosis of mycorrhizae increases th ability of rosemary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The influence of biochar and phytoremediation of Heavy Metals (Cr, As & Pb) in a soil contaminated by oil drilling waste
sara sharifi hoseini Ahmad Landi Saied Hojati Neemat JaafarzadehBackground and Objective: Soils and waters are frequently subject to contamination by inorganic elements including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining, incineration of wastes, drilling of petroleum shaft and agr MoreBackground and Objective: Soils and waters are frequently subject to contamination by inorganic elements including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining, incineration of wastes, drilling of petroleum shaft and agricultural practices (i.e., pesticides and sewage sludge application). Phytoremediation employs the use of plants to degrade, remediate and stabilize various environmental contaminants in soil, water and air. Biochar (BC) can be produced from a wide range of organic wastes via pyrolysis. It has great potential as an amendment for phytoremediation but its effects depend on the type of feedstock it derives from. This study was conducted to identify the effects of biochar addition and phytoremediation on As, Cr, and Pb concentrations in a soils polluted by oil drilling wastes.Material and Methodology: The current study was carried out to examine the heavy metal immobilizing effect of biochar produced from sugar cane waste and subsequent heavy metal uptake by Sorghum, Atriplex sp. and prosopis farcta. Sugar cane wastage biochar was incorporated into four application rates (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % (w/w)) and soil biochar mixtures were examined for an incubation period of 2 months (so that the contaminated material could be distributed evenly in the soil particles). Then pot trials were provided for cultivation of Sorghum, Atriplex sp and Prosopis farcta so that for each plant, a row of 12 pots and a total of 36 pots for the three under-study plants.Findings: The results showed, average of Cr, As and pb concentration in contaminated soil is 56, 53.4 and 582 ppm. Average of Cr, As and pb concentration in contaminated soil is Amendment with BC is 30, 21.5 and 224. Average of Cr, As and pb concentration in contaminated soil is Amendment with Sorghum is 22, 7.2 and 43, Amendment with Atriplex sp is 16, 15.3 and 141, Amendment with prosopis farcta is 18, 19.9 and 192 ppm.Discussion and Conclusion: Effective treatment of Cr was prosopis farcta and 1 % (w/w) biochar, Sorghum and 2 % (w/w) biochar for As and pb. Although heavy metal-contaminated soils can be reclaimed effectively by application of biochar, further research is needed to explore its long-term environmental and economic aspect to gain maximum benefits from this novel material Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Capacity of nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) in adsorption of heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Ni) from Tonekabon landfill leachate
Khashayar Sharifi Aptin Rahnavard keivan saeb Farid Gholamreza Fahimi Ahmad TavanaBackground and Objective: Landfill leachate contains heavy metals that cause toxic effects on water and soil near landfills. Phytoremediation is one of the control methods in which native plants with accumulation ability are used. The aim of this study was to evaluate t MoreBackground and Objective: Landfill leachate contains heavy metals that cause toxic effects on water and soil near landfills. Phytoremediation is one of the control methods in which native plants with accumulation ability are used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation strength of heavy metals by nettle from leachate. Material and Methodology: In the present study, after collecting nettle seeds from Tonekabon landfill, they were planted in 16 pots and after the 6-leaf stage, placed under four concentrations of fresh leachate (0, 30, 60 and 100%) and after the growth period, the amount of metals Heavy (by atomic absorption spectrometer) and morphological traits were measured. Findings: The result showed that with increasing leachate concentration, the amount of heavy metals in all organs increased (Ni> Pb > Cd> Ar) and the aerial parts were more absorbed. In parallel with this result, dry weight factors of stem and leaf, root and leaf area index also decreased. Calculation of TF> 1 in nettle organs showed its ability to be more accumulative in the face of leachate. Discussion and Conclusion: Bioremediation with using of native plants and accumulators to remove heavy metals is a low cost and environmentally friendly method. Nettle is a native and wild plant that grows in landfills in the north of the country and due to its accumulative power, it is a suitable species for clearing the soil of heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Mathematical modeling for the phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils
Faraz Montazerolsedgh Reza Ezzatian Soheila YaghmaeiIn recent years, the use of plants for soil remediation has been of much interest. Much effort has been put into lab work to obtain experimental data, but despite the great importance of theoretical aspect, less attention has been paid to this issue. The present study i MoreIn recent years, the use of plants for soil remediation has been of much interest. Much effort has been put into lab work to obtain experimental data, but despite the great importance of theoretical aspect, less attention has been paid to this issue. The present study is an effort to investigate the theoretical and mathematical concepts governing this process. Basic definitions are presented briefly. Also, the governing mechanisms are discussed. After presenting the continuity and mass transfer equations, first the validity of the obtained equations is verified in a real example with experimental data. Then, the equations are solved numerically and the results are studied and discussed. The findings show that variables such as root length (as an index of plant species), humidity, soil texture and the other parameters, which appear in the equations, affect the process. Moreover, by the proper selection of plants, the operation provided a model which can predict the result of phytoremediation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Survey Effectiveness of Althea officinal in Pb Heavy Metal Accumulation
Asieh kolah kaj Maryam Mohammadi RouzbahaniBackground and Objective: Nowadays due to the diffusion of various types of contamination, particularly heavy metals, into soil, the subject of soil pollution has gotten special significance. Indeed, lead is a heavy metal that enters soil from various sources, specifica MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays due to the diffusion of various types of contamination, particularly heavy metals, into soil, the subject of soil pollution has gotten special significance. Indeed, lead is a heavy metal that enters soil from various sources, specifically through burning gasoline. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of marshmallow plant (Althea officinalis( for the absorption of lead. Method: In this study, the uptake of lead by marshmallow plant was examined in the city of Ahvaz during 1392. The investigation was carried out through the use of lead nitrate while watering plants, and was followed by sampling and extraction of the roots and shoots. Digestion of the samples and measurements were analyzed by atomic absorption. Consequently, the results were considered in great detail using Spss software. Findings: The results indicated the maximum absorption with attracting 50.96 micrograms per kilogram in the blossom after the treatment of 25 ppm. Treated with 50 ppm maximum absorption occurred at the root with 63.24 micrograms per kilogram, and in the treatment of 100 ppm maximum absorption was observed in the blossom with the 43.50 mg kg. Overall, following the treatment of 50 ppm, the root contributed for the maximum absorption with 63.24 mg kg, and the leaf had the minimum absorption with 26.35 mg kg. Conclusion and Discussion: Results obtained from this study illustrated that marshmallow is a potential extracting plant. It is recommended this plant be examined for the absorption of other heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Zinc Accumulation Potential in One Year Old Seedlings of Ornamental Palm
Ali Mahdavi Khadijeh KhermandarAim & back ground: Nowadays, one of the major issues in the world is cleaning up soilscontaminated with inorganic pollutants. Phytoremediation is one of the methods that due to economicreasons and environmental friendly action which attracted much attention in recen MoreAim & back ground: Nowadays, one of the major issues in the world is cleaning up soilscontaminated with inorganic pollutants. Phytoremediation is one of the methods that due to economicreasons and environmental friendly action which attracted much attention in recent decades.The aim of this study: To assess the potential Zn accumulation in different parts of ornamental palm.Method: In this study one year old ornamental palm seedlings in a randomized design with threerepetition, were exposed to ZnSO4 in 4 different concentrations: 0, 50, 250 and 500 (mg Zn2+ L-1) for45 days. Subsequently Zn2+ uptake was quantified in roots, shoots and leaves of the seedlings byAtomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). In addition, some morphological and physiologicalparameters such as biomass production, shoots and roots length, plant appearance and some otherelements were measured.Results: The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the traits such as fresh and dryweight tolerance value, collar diameter, plant height, tolerance stress, index of plant resistance,relative water content and deficiency saturated absorption cell, had been significantly effected by Zinctreatments. The results also showed that ornamental Palm seedlings have the ability to accumulatezinc manifold in roots than shoots and leaves. In addition, the species has the coefficients of bioaccumulatemore and transport factors less than one unit.Conclusion: Based on these results, we can recommend the ornamental Palm as stabilizer species forthe cleanup of contaminated soils with zinc heavy metal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Study of potential Ricinus communis in Absorption of Metformin Hydrochloride
Sepideh Hosseini Roxana Moogouei Mehdi Borghei Golnaz TjadodBackground and Objective: This study has considered for potential plant species Ricinus communis of remediation metformin hydrochloride drug. Method: In phytoremediation method for remediation of metformin hydrochloride solution, the first Ricinus communis has been cult MoreBackground and Objective: This study has considered for potential plant species Ricinus communis of remediation metformin hydrochloride drug. Method: In phytoremediation method for remediation of metformin hydrochloride solution, the first Ricinus communis has been cultured in the soil and then metformin absorption of solution has been kept with 20 ppm and 50 ppm in control and laboratory situation, for 14 days. Finally the solution has been injected to HPLC device to detected of remind metformin hydrochloride drug. Findings: the end of 14 days has been recognized Ricinus communis has %45.06 and 21 % efficiency in two different 20 ppm and 50 ppm. Discussion and Conclusion: This study has been shown that the maximum %45.06 has been remediated from metformin hydrochloride solution that related to minimum (20 ppm) of metformin solution. The result has been shown that Ricinus communis can be middle species for remediation of metformin hydrochloride drug from metformin hydrochloride solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Boron removal from contaminated water by two aquatic plants of Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L.
Amir Parnian Mostafa Chorom Nematolah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi FardBackground and Objective: With the increase of population, the demand for proper water resources is increased. Native Iranian aquatic plants have a significant role in self-remediation of water resources. Phytoremediation by aquatic plants is a low cost and effective wa MoreBackground and Objective: With the increase of population, the demand for proper water resources is increased. Native Iranian aquatic plants have a significant role in self-remediation of water resources. Phytoremediation by aquatic plants is a low cost and effective way to increase the quality of waters for different purposes. Method: In this study, phytoremediation of boron-contaminated aquatic environments was examined by cultivating two aquatic plants of Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L. in the greenhouse over 120 h in boron-contaminated water with adding different concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 mg L-1). Conclusion: The obtained results showed that these plants are able to uptake high amount of boron, and the boron removal efficiency in both plants observed to be more than 70%. Uptake indices in Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L. were calculated as 0.51 to 8.16 mg per pot and 0.18 to 8.14 mg per pot, respectively. Biomass production measurement index of Zannichellia palustris L. reduced with increase of boron contamination, while this index for Ruppia maritima L. had no significant change, indicating that Ruppia maritima L. has a higher resistance to boron contamination. According to the results, boron phytoremediation of contaminated waters by these plants is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect of Nickel and Iron on Soil acidity and Growth Parameters in Stipa capensis (Case study: Gachsaran oil-rich region)
Kambize Hoseinpour Hamid Sodaeezade Mahdieh TajamolianBackground and Objective: Selection of resistant species with an ability to make adaptation with the local contaminated site is a key factor in the success of phytoremediation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Fe, Ni on see MoreBackground and Objective: Selection of resistant species with an ability to make adaptation with the local contaminated site is a key factor in the success of phytoremediation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Fe, Ni on seed emergence and plant height of Stipacapensis under laboratory conditions. Method: A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was used. Pollutant substances (iron and nickel) and pollutant concentrations (0, 100, 150, 200ppm) were considered as the first and second factors, respectively. Findings: The results showed that the effect of different amounts of iron and nickel on seed emergence and plant height of Stipacapensis was significant (p <0.01). Germination and growth inhibition of test plant increased with increasing the concentration of elements. Also the effects of element type on seed germination percentage and plant height were significant at 1 and 5% levels, respectively. The highest germination percentage (51.25%) and hight (11.35 cm) was related to iron. The interaction of element type and element concentration had a significant effect (p <0.05) only on seed germination percentage. Maximum and minimum germination percentages were obtained at control and 200 ppm of Ni, respectively. Conclusion: Overall results indicate the negative effects of Fe, Ni on seed germination as well as plant height of Stipacapensis.However, germination of Stipacapensis at the highest concentration of elements, indicate the relatively tolerance of this species to soil contamination elements in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Identifying and ranking factors influencing the sustainable development of environmental culture in sports
omid mohamadalikhan shahrzad khoramnejadianBackground & Objective: Production of clean energy and elimination of waste is one of the priorities of environmentally friendly societies. By producing biogas from manure, biological pollution in the environment can be reduced and energy can be produced. Phytoremed MoreBackground & Objective: Production of clean energy and elimination of waste is one of the priorities of environmentally friendly societies. By producing biogas from manure, biological pollution in the environment can be reduced and energy can be produced. Phytoremediation is one of the ways to remove soil pollutant. The purpose of this research is to investigate the production of biogas from camel dung and phytoremediation waste and also to identify the variables that improve biogas production using the fuzzy AHP method. Material and Methodology: The loading of camel dung in the digester has been done at different mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures (36-37 and 55). The waste from the lead phytoremediation was mixed with camel dung and was loaded in similar conditions. During 1 month of material loading, biogas production was measured. The results have been analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that pH plays an important role in biogas production. The first load was low due to low input feed as well as failing to reach the desired digestion operation, resulting in very low digestive pH, which gradually increased as the number of gas production speeds and gas production increased. It was also found to decrease the amount of biogas production as the amount of refined plant was increased. The parameters were ranked using the fuzzy AHP method. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, camel dung has a good potential for biogas production. Nitrogen and phosphorus are more important in biogas production and the ratio of volatile solids has the lowest rank according to the fuzzy AHP method. Phytoremediation waste could be used in small amounts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Use of Tree Species Seedlings Maple (Acer Velutinum) to Absorb Heavy Metal Mercury from the Environment
Seyed Armin Hashemi sahar tabibian Seyed Yousef Torabian Saba KhalajHeavy metals are elements with high atomic weight, and large amounts of these metals may be harmful to living organisms. Mercury is one of these metals and can cause various problems for human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of mercu MoreHeavy metals are elements with high atomic weight, and large amounts of these metals may be harmful to living organisms. Mercury is one of these metals and can cause various problems for human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of mercury by Afraplet species. With the permission of Natural Resources seedlings a year of Maple of nursery was prepared and the solution Chloride Mercury with concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 mg per liter of prepared solution is then added to the soil, and the seedlings of maple in the pot after the period of six months from growth of seedlings, leaves, stems and roots of the seedlings were sampled. Using ANOVA and Duncan test were examined.The highest level of Mercury accumulation in aerial organs in leaves, stems and roots and, respectively, 55; 40; 45.67; mg/kg. Based on the results of this research maple species suitable for remediation of soils contaminated with metal is mercury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Phytoremediation: A Remediation Technology of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils
Azadeh SalehiPhytoremediation is a sustainable cost effective and ecofriendly technique that employs plants and microorganisms for the cleanup of contaminated environments. Among different techniques of phytoremediation, three methods include phytostabilization, phytovolatilization MorePhytoremediation is a sustainable cost effective and ecofriendly technique that employs plants and microorganisms for the cleanup of contaminated environments. Among different techniques of phytoremediation, three methods include phytostabilization, phytovolatilization and phytoextraction are used for the removal heavy metals from contaminated soils. Capability of accumulating high levels of heavy metals, large biomass production, the extensive root system, strong defense system and no entrance of produced biomass to food chain are the most important properties of suitable plants for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. The results of several studies have shown that among different plants, the family Salicaceae is attended as suitable candidates for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils due to fast growth, wide-spreading root system, metal tolerance and ability to accumulate heavy metals. Various techniques to enhance of phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal contaminated soils have been subjected such as the use of transgenic plants, increase of bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, increase of plant growth and biomass production and the use of microorganisms. Finally, since lot of biomass is produced during this process, it needs proper disposal and management. In this study, the phytoremediation is discussed as a sustainable technology for remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils from different aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Some enhancer methods of heavy metals phytoremediation efficiency
Mohammad Reza Naderi Abdolrazagh Danesh-Shahraki Rezvan NaderiCertainly, we have to observe the more complicated problem about pollution of soil, water and air by various environmental pollutants as a result of increase in the world population. Hence, it is necessary to consider the new technologies which are used for remediation MoreCertainly, we have to observe the more complicated problem about pollution of soil, water and air by various environmental pollutants as a result of increase in the world population. Hence, it is necessary to consider the new technologies which are used for remediation of polluted sites. Phytoremediation is one of these new methods which posses relatively slow procedure and low efficiency. In current paper we review some of the biological, chemical, physical, physico-chemical and genetic methods, which are applied in order to increase the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted soils. These methods include lowering the pH, increasing the electrode potential (Eh), using chelating agents and microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Discovering of these new methods have been resulted in execute the multi-approaches techniques for a faster removal process of the metal contaminants, and consequently increase in the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal polluted soils. Among the introduced methods, application of the PGPRs is one of the most useful and environmentally friendly techniques, which is currently considered as a useful process for enhancement the efficiency of heavy metals remediation process by plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their role in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils
Mohammad Reza Naderi Rezvan NaderiThe using of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in order to biological remediation and/or improvement the efficiency of other bioremediation methods of heavy metals contaminated soils has great advantages such as environmental friendly, low cost compared to physical a MoreThe using of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in order to biological remediation and/or improvement the efficiency of other bioremediation methods of heavy metals contaminated soils has great advantages such as environmental friendly, low cost compared to physical and chemical remediation methods of metal contaminated soils, promotion of soil fertility, raise the biodiversity and etc.. Because of their tolerance to heavy metals, this rhizobacteria are able to adsorb or absorb metal pollutants and also can reduce metals to less toxic forms and thus remediate or immobilize metal. Furthermore, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have the ability to enhance the plant growth on metal contaminated soils through various mechanisms such as fixation of atmosphere N2, phosphate solubilization, secret of Fe-chelating siderophores, and production of growth promoting hormones like auxin and gibberellin and prevention of excessive synthesis of ethylene by enzyme ACC-deaminase and thus, increase the phytoremediation efficiency of these soils. Hence, in this study, we have a brief review on the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils and also their effect on improve the phytoremediation efficiency of metal pollutants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A review on Phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils
Mohammad Reza Naderi Abdolrazagh Danesh-Shahraki Rezvan NaderiHeavy metals toxicity and their accumulation in food chains is one of the main environmental and healthful problems in current modern societies. Although, remediation of metal-contaminated soils is possible by chemical, physical and biological techniques, but chemical a MoreHeavy metals toxicity and their accumulation in food chains is one of the main environmental and healthful problems in current modern societies. Although, remediation of metal-contaminated soils is possible by chemical, physical and biological techniques, but chemical and physical methods of metal-contaminated lands remediation are costly, time consuming and environment destructive. Hence, in current years scientists and engineers to think of design and development of biological techniques that be able to modify heavy metals-contaminated sites without to have evil effects on soil fertility and biodiversity. The phytoremediation is an environment friendly and green technology that is cost effective and energetically inexpensive. This technology is included the use of plants and their associated microorganisms for elimination or stabilization of toxic contaminants such as heavy metals. In this article, we have a brief review on phytoremediation technology and its various techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Surveying on decontamination Effect of Water Lily (Nymphaea Alba) for Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd and Mn) in Liquid Solution
Faramarz Moattar Elahe Javadi Abdolreza Karbassi Seyed Massoud MonavvariPopulation growth, industries development, water consumption increase of lotic water Pollution due to the lack of controlling output waste water of manufacturing plants, municipal and agricultural areas has decreased water quality. Among several pollutants, heavy metals MorePopulation growth, industries development, water consumption increase of lotic water Pollution due to the lack of controlling output waste water of manufacturing plants, municipal and agricultural areas has decreased water quality. Among several pollutants, heavy metals in line of river self purification do not decrease and accumulate in river-bed sediments and aquatic animals' body as well as causing biomagnifications by entering to the food chain. In this study, the capability of white water lily (Nymphaea Alba) has been surveyed in field of uptake and accumulation of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and Mn (in form of synthetic to simulate with natural environment) in four concentration level such as 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/l and 3 pH medium such as 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 under the laboratorial conditions. The result of research according to the coefficient of correlation and cluster analysis statistical method shows that Cd and Mn accumulation level in water lily tissue decrease by increasing the metals' concentration. The maximum of Mn accumulation (3.455 mg/gr) has been in Con. =1 mg/l and pH=7.5 and the maximum of Cd accumulation (0.55 mg/gr) has been in Con. =5 mg/l and pH=6.5. About lead, by increasing of Pb concentration, Pb uptake has decreased as well, but in Con. =10 mg/l and pH=5.5 has increased dramatically. The rest of mentioned heavy metals in laboratorial solutions have been had ascending trend by increasing the metal concentrations up to the end of 10 mg/l, but by increase of pH in each metal concentration has been had decreasing trend. Totally, the maximum of the rest of metals is related to Cd (3.38 mg/l) and the minimum is due to Mn (0.002 mg/l). By considering to the results, it could be understood that white water lily can be used as biological filter and phytoremediation method in order to heavy metals’ elimination from industrial waste water because of resistance against wetlands and lakes environmental conditions, quick growth, simple cultivation and its good adaptation with environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals by microorganisms
Alahyar Kamari Asaf OrujzadehPurpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals by microorganisms. Materials and methods: This study was conducted with a review-descriptive method on the studies conducted on herbal treatment. MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals by microorganisms. Materials and methods: This study was conducted with a review-descriptive method on the studies conducted on herbal treatment. Findings: The results of this study showed that many techniques have been developed to clean soils contaminated with heavy metals. Among these techniques, plant extraction (plant treatment) has been presented as an effective and cheap cleaning method, in which the absorption and collection of pollutants in plant tissues is considered. In this method, by harvesting plants from the soil, the pollutants are removed from the soil. In agricultural lands contaminated with heavy metals, the selection of metal-tolerant crops to remove pollutants from the soil can be a new strategy for land management. A number of cadmium accumulating species that have been reported based on the results of hydroponic and pot tests are species with high biomass, including corn, sunflower and Indian mustard for refining areas contaminated with heavy metals. Conclusion: Various physical, chemical and biological methods have been suggested for the treatment of areas contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants, which are mostly costly and uneconomical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of biochar and supper absorbent on remediation of Cadmium by sunflower(Helianthus annuus L .) from contaminated soil
Arash Borzoo Mohammad Reza Momayezi Alireza NowrooziThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate effect of biochar and superabsorbent in the phytoremediation of cadmium from contaminated soil by sunflower. This experiment conducted in the greenhouse of the faculyy of agriculture of Islamic azad university, MoreThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate effect of biochar and superabsorbent in the phytoremediation of cadmium from contaminated soil by sunflower. This experiment conducted in the greenhouse of the faculyy of agriculture of Islamic azad university, Varamin-Pishva and Qarchak branch, in a factorial and completely randomized design. The treatments included biochar at 4 levels 0, 1, 2 and 4g/kg of soil and superabsorbent at 2 levels 0 and 4 g/kg of soil. The soil pots was contaminated with 60 mg/kg of cadmium from the source of cadmium sulfate and then 3 sunflower seeds of Azar Gol variety were planted in each pot. After two weeks, two of them were thinned. Plants were harvested 75 days after planting and the amount of cadmium in leaves, stems, roots, seeds and oil was measured. Also, the absorption coefficient and transfer coefficient of cadmium were calculated. The results showed that biochar and superabsorbent had a significant effect on the amount of cadmium in the stem, cadmium in the root and absorption coefficient. Regarding the interaction effect, only a significant effect was observed on the amount of cadmium in the stem. According to the obtained results, the addition of 4 grams of biochar per kilogram of soil caused the most significant increase in the amount of cadmium in the stem, root and transfer coefficient, and the lowest was observed in the control treatment. Among the superabsorbent treatments, the highest content of cadmium in the stem, root and transfer coefficient was obtained in the treatment of 4 grams of superabsorbent and the lowest content of cadmium in the stem, root and the corresponding transfer coefficient was obtained in the control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Role of selected plants planted in the green spaces of Tehran city for removing Air particulated matters
Elham Rajabbeigi Seyed Mohammad Jafari Ramin Erfanian SalimAim: Particulate matters are among the most important air pollutants in urban environment which cause heart and respiratory diseases. Plants play a major role in aerosol removal. In this study, some of important shrub species of urban green space were investigated for t MoreAim: Particulate matters are among the most important air pollutants in urban environment which cause heart and respiratory diseases. Plants play a major role in aerosol removal. In this study, some of important shrub species of urban green space were investigated for their ability of reducing air particulate matter pollutants.Material and Methods: In present study, effect of five shrub species (including privet, oleander, barberry, cotoneaster, Spindle tree), which most planted in Tehran city and their roles to aerosol sedimentation, was investigated. Therefore, leaf surface pollutants were collected and weighed and evaluated relative to the leaf surface. Results: The results showed that barberry collects pollutants more than other mentioned plants, while the efficiency of oleander is less than other species. Conclusion: It seems that the morphology of plant leaves is effective in pollutant absorption. In addition, the amount of aerosol in air can affect the efficiency and absorption of suspended particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effect of Zeolite and Mycorrhiza Application on Physiological, Yield, Yield Components of Soybean and Accumulation of Lead under Soil Polluted with Lead
Zivar Haidarpour Saremi Mashallah Daneshvar Omid Ali Akbarpour Afsaneh Aali Nejadian BidabadiOne of the important environment pollutants can cited to element lead (Pb) that effected on absorption of nutrients in plants. This investigation was conducted in order study effect zeolite and Mycorrhiza on quality and quantity soyben plant on soil polluted with Pb in MoreOne of the important environment pollutants can cited to element lead (Pb) that effected on absorption of nutrients in plants. This investigation was conducted in order study effect zeolite and Mycorrhiza on quality and quantity soyben plant on soil polluted with Pb in greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lorestan. The experiment was carried basic factorial in from to random completly design with three repeat. Treatments were incloud; Mycorrhiza fungus in two level (control and application Mycorrhiza) and zeolite in three level (0, 5% and 10% W/W). Soil’s all plots were polluted with concentration 200 mg/kg Pb (NO3)2. Result this investigation indicued, exept height plant, number grain per pod, number pod per plant and number of branches that influenced by main effect Mycorrhiza and zeolite, in other traits intraction was significant. Application zeolite 10% with Mycorrhiza resulted improve LAI (84%), catalase (150%), superoxide dismutase (220%), 1000 grain-weight (51%), grain yield (94%), biological yield (51%) and harvest index (34%) and decreased accumulation of lead in root (43%) and shoot (44%), TF(75%) and BCF in root (43%) and shoot (43%). Heighest grain yield (3609 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (9026 kg.ha-1) was obtained from use Simultaneous zeolite 10% and Mycorrhiza. Overall application Mycorrhiza and zeolite in addition to decline effects heavy metals in the soil and improve quantitative and qualitative yield of the product can be effective in phytoremediation of heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of synergistic phytoremediation and bacterial isolates on removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil
Mehdi Khazaei Alireza Etminan Soolmaz Dashti Seyed Ahmad HosseiniHaving carcinogenic and toxic effects, aromatic hydrocarbons cause serious damage to the environment and living organisms. These compounds are mainly discharged into the soil. For the remediation of contaminated soils, biological methods utilizing the efficient microorg MoreHaving carcinogenic and toxic effects, aromatic hydrocarbons cause serious damage to the environment and living organisms. These compounds are mainly discharged into the soil. For the remediation of contaminated soils, biological methods utilizing the efficient microorganisms isolated from the oil-contaminated soils as well as resistant plants are preferred. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Conocarpus erectus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated and saline soils of the salt separation pond of a desalination unit during 275 days under non-laboratory condition. The study was conducted in a factorial experiment with two factors based on completely randomized design with three replications. The factors used in this experiment included four treatment types (plant, bacteria, plant-bacteria cultivated in the soil, and soil with no plant and bacteria (control)) and the concentration of contaminant (Bangestan crude oil) with 5 levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%). As hydrocarbon concentrations increased at all five levels, the percentage of PAHs removal, the dry weight of roots and shoots, and chlorophyll contents decreased. At 0 and 1 % concentrations, the highest percentages of removal were obtained as 99.43, 59.89, and 57.01 for bacteria-plant treatment and separate bacterial and plant treatments, respectively (p≤0.05). The plant and the bacteria showed almost equal efficiency in the removal of oil hydrocarbons (p≤0.05). Bacterial treatments led to increased chlorophyll content as well as higher dry weight of roots and shoots compared with the treatments without bacteria (p≤0.05). Results indicated that individual treatments of plant and bacteria had a positive effect on the decomposition rate of PAHs. However, the rate was more positively influenced by the synergistic activity of the bacteria and plants (p≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Resistance comparison of one-year old seedlings of Cappadocian Maple (Acer cappadocicum) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) under soil contaminated by lead
Hooman Abbasi Mohammadreza Pourmajidian Seyed mohammad hodjat اصغر فلاحIdentifying tree species candidate for phytoremediation is very important. However, its prerequisite is conducting comprehensive studies on tree species and evaluation of the plants’ potential. The current research surveyed resistance of two native species of Hyrc MoreIdentifying tree species candidate for phytoremediation is very important. However, its prerequisite is conducting comprehensive studies on tree species and evaluation of the plants’ potential. The current research surveyed resistance of two native species of Hyrcanian forest Acer cappadocicum and Fraxinus excelsior at seedling stage. In this regard, one-year old seedlings of both species were grown under different concentrations of lead including 0, 100, 200, 300,400, and 500 milligram lead per kilogram soil during a growth season. During a growth season photosynthetic indexes such as gas exchange, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and substomatal CO2 concentration as well as growth and biomass allocation were studied. The results showed that the presence of lead as a heavy metal led to decline of photosynthesis performance of both species but the inhibitory effects of Pb was less in seedlings of ash. Height and diameter growth as well as seedling biomass of both species were decreased by negative effects of lead but there was no considerable difference between two species. Our finding showed that under the experimental condition, there was no significant difference between resistances of two native species to lead contaminated soil but for making a better decision, further studies are necessary with stronger contamination and for a longer period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Study of Fe and Cu accumulation and antioxidant activities of dominant plant species in Sorkhe Mine in Marand province
لیلا حکیمی مژگان فرزامی سپهرThe capability of plant species to accumulate heavy metals in their organs is a factor to alleviate the pollution in the environment. Plants can alleviate environmental pollution using accumulation, uptake and transformation methods, which can change their antioxidant a MoreThe capability of plant species to accumulate heavy metals in their organs is a factor to alleviate the pollution in the environment. Plants can alleviate environmental pollution using accumulation, uptake and transformation methods, which can change their antioxidant activities. The present study was conducted to investigate Fe and Cu accumulation in root and shoot of Alyssum linifolium, Salvia multicaulis, Muscari neglactum, and Verbascum Thapsus and their antioxidant responses in a Copper mine located in East Azarbaijan. The results showed that the maximum and minimum accumulation of Fe was respectively recorded in the roots of M. neglactum and V. thapsus). In addition, the highest and lowest Cu accumulation was also found in the roots of M. neglactum and V. Thapsus, while there was no significant difference among plant shoots for Fe and Cu. The maximum and minimum SOD and APX activities were observed in M. neglactum and V. Thapsus, respectively, whereas there was no significant difference for MAD among all plant species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Study of lead and cadmium accumulation in Marigold medicinal plant (Calendula officinalis)
Mehrab Yadegari Samira Eskandari Ramin Irani PourHeavy metals are the most important bioenvironmental pollutants that are found in all industrial communities. The phytoremediation technique is applied to refine the land and reclaim contaminated soil from heavy metals. In order to evaluate the phytoremediation potentia MoreHeavy metals are the most important bioenvironmental pollutants that are found in all industrial communities. The phytoremediation technique is applied to refine the land and reclaim contaminated soil from heavy metals. In order to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Marigold plant against lead and cadmium heavy metals and their influence on growth, yield, and other characteristics of this plant, a pot experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a factorial layout with six replications at Research Field Municipal Parks and Green Spaces of Shahrekord during spring and summer of 2016. Treatments included different levels of cadmium (0, 5, 25, and 50 mg.kg-1 in dry soil) and lead (0, 40, 100, and 250 mg.kg-1 in dry soil). Results showed that different levels of lead and cadmium significantly affected morpho-physiological characteristics. Shoot and root dry and fresh weights and lead and cadmium accumulation in plant soil differed significantly. With an increase in heavy metal concentrations, shoot and root dry and fresh weights significantly decreased compared to the control plants. By adding cadmium concentration, the amount of cadmium in plant and available cadmium in soil increased and therefore translocated to aerial parts of plants along with the more lead. Results of this research showed that Marigold is a super accumulator plant that can accumulate cadmium and lead particularly in its aerial parts. The tolerance threshold in this plant was observed in the treatment containing combination of cadmium (up to 5 mg.kg-1) and lead (up to 250 mg.kg-1) of dry soil after which a decreasing trend was observed in most of the characteristics under study. It seems that negative effects of these heavy metals particularly cadmium is due to their effect on photosynthesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) for phytodesalination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorine under different water salinity stresses
Sepideh Hoseini Roxana Moogouei Mehdi Borghei Zahra Abedi Mehdi RamezaniThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with thre MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included 4 salinity levels of zero (control), 5, 10 and 15 dS / m and two species of wheat and quinoa. In this study, traits such as total plant dry weight, accumulation of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and total plant chlorine and the efficiency of water uptake by plants were measured. The results of this study showed that quinoa has more ability to absorb and accumulate elements than wheat and is a plant resistant to salinity stress. The results showed that the concentrations of sodium, chlorine and magnesium per plant (5.48, 10.12 and 1.12 g for wheat and 10.76, 11.65 and 2.66 g for wheat, respectively). Absorption efficiency of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from water (12.28%, 11.30% and 20.22% for wheat and 23.12%, 14.60% and 24.79% for quinoa, respectively). The results also showed that the amount of sodium, chlorine and magnesium accumulated in the plant and the efficiency of phytodesalination of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from saline water significantly increased with increasing in salinity for both wheat and quinoa. In the case of calcium and potassium bioaccumulation and phytodesalination efficiency decreased with increasing salinity. As a result, quinoa showed a significant bioaccumulation efficiency in dry weight production, compared to wheat, so it can be considered as an alternative plant for cultivation in salinity and dry climate conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Study of Phytoremediation Potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. to Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc
آناهیتا Shariat, M.H Asareh, عباس Ghamari-Zare,Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, copper and zinc generated from municipal, industrial and agricultural activities lead to extent pollution of soil and water in the world. Regard to custom methods of removing heavy metals from water and soil are so expensive, difficul MoreHeavy metals such as cadmium, lead, copper and zinc generated from municipal, industrial and agricultural activities lead to extent pollution of soil and water in the world. Regard to custom methods of removing heavy metals from water and soil are so expensive, difficult and insuccessful, so using of plants that can diminish pollution, is necessary. In the other hand importance of extending silviculture in Iran leads us to study adsorbing heavy metals by Eucalyptus camaldulensis. This study were carried out with samples of leaves and soils that gathered from pollutant area of south of Tehran and Khozestan provenance and copper, zinc, cadmium and lead were estimated with inductively coupled plasma. Results were analyzed with combined analysis design. Content of zinc, lead and cadmium in all places were significantly different also all samples and interaction of samples and place for zinc and lead were significant. Maximum amount of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in soil were respectively 173±2.6, 123±2.7, 151±2.6, 1.46±0.025 and in plant were 33±0.76, 327±6.3, 220±4.4, 2.9±0.05 mg.kg-1D.W. that confers Eucalyptus camaldulensis can accumulate lead and zinc. In the other hand lead and zinc are greatly generate from traffic and industrial activities so this plants can use for diminish of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Performance of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) in nickel and cadmium contaminated soil as a heavy metals-removing crop
Mehrab Yadegari -
Open Access Article
38 - Biological removal of cadmium from soil by phytoremediation and its impact on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, phenol and malondealdehyde content in Vetiveria zizianoides.
Azhir Khalil Aria Hossein Abbaspour Sekineh Saeidi Sar Mohsen Dehghani Ghanatghestani -
Open Access Article
39 - Refining properties of lavender (Lavandula spica L.) in cadmium contaminated environments.
Anahita Kiarosta Pezhman Moradi Vahid Abdousi -
Open Access Article
40 - Physiological responses of Polypogon monspeliensis L. in petroleum-contaminated soils.
Mozhgan Farzamisepehr Farhad Nourozi -
Open Access Article
41 - Accumulation and distribution of metals in Phragmites australis (common reed) and Scirpus maritimus (alkali bulrush) in contaminated soils of Lia industrial area
M, Ebrahimi M, Jafari Gh. R, Savaghebi H, Azarnivand A, Tavili F, Madrid -
Open Access Article
42 - Growth and Heavy Metals Uptake of Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl
Mahdiyeh Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
43 - Leaching of heavy metal from native plants by chemical leachants
Fatemeh Akbarpour Mohamad Akbarpour Majid Seyri -
Open Access Article
44 - An investigation on hydroponic growth and stable Cs uptake from solutions by Chenopodium album and Amaranthus chlorostachys
R. MoogoueiEcological adaptation of weeds to grow up solutions contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides and potential of these plants for remediation of sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water and waste water are essential factors for establishment of a phytoremediat MoreEcological adaptation of weeds to grow up solutions contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides and potential of these plants for remediation of sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water and waste water are essential factors for establishment of a phytoremediation system. In this paper growth rate of Chenopodium album and Amaranthus chelorostachys used for remediation in hydroponic system was compared. Then their remediation efficiency was investigated. This system used the Hoagland medium in sand and trays individually (solid and liquid bed hydroponic system). Macro and micro element concentrations, pH and seedling settlement were limiting factors and significantly affected the plants’ growth. As a result C. album could significantly grow in solid bed hydroponic system while A. chelorostachys was grown in liquid bed hydroponic system. Then these plants were exposed to 0.5 mgl-1 CsCl for a period of 14 days. With exposure of the plants to Cs solution, 52.99±7.57 and 41.68± 3.92 percent of Cs ions were remediated from solutions. Moreover significant accumulation of Cs was occurred in shoots of C. album and A. chelorostachys. Thereforethese plants can be potential candidates for phytoremediation purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Rangeland Plants Potential for Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils with Lead, Zinc, Cadmium and Nickel (Case Study: Rangelands around National Lead & Zinc Factory, Zanjan, Iran)
Mehdi Moameri Mohammad Jafari Ali Tavili Babak Motasharezadeh Mohammad Ali Zare chahuoki -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigation of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Plants Growing in Contaminated Soils (Case Study: Qazvin Province, Iran)
Mahdieh Ebrahimi Mohammad Jafari Gholam Reza Savaghebi Hossein Azarnivand Ali Tavili Fernando Madrid -
Open Access Article
47 - Use of Festuca ovina L. in Chelate Assisted Phytoextraction of Copper Contaminated Soils
Mahdieh Ebrahimi Fernando Madrid Díaz -
Open Access Article
48 - Germination, Growth and Uptake of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils (Hordeum bulbosum L.)
Mahdieh Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of Zn without and with Sodium Nitro-Prusside (SNP) on growth and some physiological characteristics of Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw)
طاهر آبتین Javad Mirzaei Asghar Mosleh Arani Hamidreza AzimzadehAlthough Zn is an essential element for plants, but it is poisonous in high concentrations and affect growth disturbance. This study was performed in 2013 to investigated the effects of different concentration (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) of the Zn and also done a fixed a MoreAlthough Zn is an essential element for plants, but it is poisonous in high concentrations and affect growth disturbance. This study was performed in 2013 to investigated the effects of different concentration (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) of the Zn and also done a fixed amount (750mg) of SNP on growth and some physiological parameters in Pinus eldarica. Results showed the accumulation of Zn (without SNP) in root, stem and leaves increased when concentration of Zn in soil increased. The most were measured in root (538.80mg/kg) and lowest in leaves (105.73mg/kg). Different concentration of Zn did not significantly effect on Chlorophyll a, b, and total Chlorophyll, MDA, and proline but increased soluble sugar in root and leaves. Also, SNP increased concentration of Zn in soil significantly increased in the root, stem, leaf and root and were measured most in root (662.36 mg/kg) and lowest in leaves (46.16 mg/kg). Generally, due to good resistance in 400 ml/l concentration and also the better accumulations in roots rather than shoots in Pinus eldarica, we can use as refinement in pollutant soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The effect of biofertilizers, humic acid and superabsorbent polymer on cadmium uptake and remediation by annual medic (Medicago scutellata L.)
M. Mohammadi D. Habibi M.R. Ardakani A. AsgharzadehThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of single and combined inoculations of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), mycorrhiza fungi, humic acid and super absorbent polymer on growth and uptake of cadmium in annual alfalfa (Medicago scutellata MoreThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of single and combined inoculations of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), mycorrhiza fungi, humic acid and super absorbent polymer on growth and uptake of cadmium in annual alfalfa (Medicago scutellata). The experiment was done at the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University – Karaj branch during 2009-2010 in factorial design as a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The first factor was levels of Cadmium [0- 40 - 80 mg kg-1 soil cadmium chloride (CdCl2)] and the second factor included treatments (inoculation of PGPR, mycorrhiza fungi, humic acid and superabsorbent polymer) separately and combined with 16 levels. Biofertilizers used in this experiment were bacterial species (Azotobacter chroococcum), (Azospirillum lipoferum) and (Pseudomonas putida) in a mixture form and mycorrhiza fungi was (Glomus intraradices). Results showed that with increasing cadmium concentration in soil, the accumulation of cadmium in shoots and roots and available cadmium in soil increased. Interaction of factors indicated treatments b12, b13, b14 and b15 had the highest rate of Cd accumulation in shoots (62 percent higher than the control). treatments including combined use of PGPR, mycorrhiza fungi and superabsorbent polymer showed the highest cadmium uptake by the root (42.3 percent higher than control). Combined use of biofertilizers, superabsorbent polymer and humic acid increased transfer factor (TF) ,accumulation factor (AF) and enrichment coefficient (EC). Overall results indicated that application of PGPR, mycorrhiza fungi, Humic acid and superabsorbent polymer effect on Cd uptake in shoots and roots of annual medic. These materials can move toward success phytoremediation of contaminated area with heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Ameliorating Effect of Poultry Manure and Its Biochar on Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Remediation at Two Times of Cultivation
Maryam Barati Sedigheh Safarzadeh Dariush Mowla Fereshteh Bakhtiari Amirhossein Najafian Fateh Tavakoli -
Open Access Article
52 - The Effect of Oil Pollution on LathyrusSativus and Lens Culinaris with Potential of Phytoremediation
R . Noori B. Lorestani N. Yousefi N. Kolahchi -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation the Growth Potential of Artichoke (Synara scolymus L.) and Milk thistle (Sylibum marianum L.) in Petroleum-contaminated Soil
Sahar Zamani Azim Ghasemnezhad Soheila Ebrahimi Mehran Fathi -
Open Access Article
54 - Tolerance and Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Descurainia sophia L.
Hoda Karamooz Akbar Safipour Afshar Fatemeh Saeid Nematpour Saeid Nematpour -
Open Access Article
55 - Effect of Zeolite Application and Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid on Decreasing the Cd Concentration of Inoculated Plant with Piriformospora indica Fungus under Drought Stress
Amir Hossein Baghaie -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soils (Cadmium) by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Ahmad Borbor hossein beigi Mohammadreza Momayezi Majid Aga Mohsseni FashamiTo evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design expe MoreTo evaluate the effect of salinity on phytoremediation of contaminated soil by plant sunflower, an experiment in the greenhouse, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin in 2013. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design experiment consisted of first factor is soil contamination with cadmium at four levels: 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil salinity and the second factor of four levels of NaCl: 0, 2, 4 and 6 dS m. The highest cadmium leaves and stems of treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and 6 dS m) with an average of 6.33 mg per kg of dry matter and the lowest related to treatment (90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control) with 13.13 mg per kg and the highest cadmium absorption coefficient in saline (6 dS m + 30 mg of cadmium per kg soil) with 0.199 and with the treatment (control + 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil 0.095), the highest and lowest percentage of protein and 90 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of soil control respectively 32 and 23 percent, respectively. The highest percentage of protein in the treatment 6 (dS m) with an average of 38 percent was achieved. The protein content of the control (salinity), respectively. The highest amount of chlorophyll a to control the salinity of 6 dS m with an average of 1.096 and 0.767 mg per gram of fresh weight, respectively. The highest and lowest proline content in 90 mg of cadmium per kg of soil and control with an average of 621 and 523 micromoles per fresh weight, respectively .Hieghest and lowest relative water content in irrigation and 90 mg of cadmium per kg soil respectively by 76 and 60 percent, respectively. Most RWC control (salinity) with an average of 74 percent was achieved. Lowest levels in treatments 6 (dS m). The result showed that salinity and cadmium on relative water content, proline content, the content of cadmium in leaves and stems, the absorption coefficient of Cd, protein, chlorophyll a significant effect, but the effect EC on oil percent was not significant. Interaction between cadmium and salinity on cadmium content in leaves and stems, cadmium absorption coefficient, chlorophyll A was significant. Salinity increased plant availability and cadmium so that the cadmium content in wheat increased significantly with increasing salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effect Biochar on the absorption of lead in phytoremediation of contaminated soils by maize (Zea mays L.)
Omid Haji Najafi Mohammadreza Momayezi Hossein Ali Sheibani1Biochar as a process of pyrolysis of organic compounds and having specific characteristics which can absorb the material, leaching of nutrients and heavy metals affect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Biochar the amount of Pb in the plant maize (Zea mays L MoreBiochar as a process of pyrolysis of organic compounds and having specific characteristics which can absorb the material, leaching of nutrients and heavy metals affect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Biochar the amount of Pb in the plant maize (Zea mays L.) in a greenhouse at the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Varamin in crop year 1394 was conducted. Factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications. Pb at a concentration of zero, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of lead sulfate salt supply Pb SO4 (respectively P0, P1, P2 and P3) as well as taking Biochar (charcoal made from almond wood) with a ratio of zero, 20 and 40% (respectively B0, B1 and B2) were considered as treatments. The results showed effects Biochar the weight of fresh and dry biomass, biomass, fresh root, stem and leaf concentration of lead in the five-percent probability level was significant. The results showed Biochar effects on fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, the concentration of lead in roots and leaves were significant at the level of five percent. The highest shoot dry weight of the treatment (no biochar) and 50 mg Pb kg with 1.431 hot and the lowest shoot dry weight of 200 milligrams of lead per kilogram of treatment and lack of biochar with hot 0.261 at the root of the treatment of 100 mg Pb kg and 40 wt% biochar with 1.368 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration at the root of the control (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar with 0.617 mg kg and the highest lead concentration in stems from the treatment of 200 mg Pb kg (and lack of biochar) with (1.239 mg kg) and the lowest concentration of lead in the stem of the treatment (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar (1.001 g) and the highest concentration of lead in leaves of treatment, 40% biochar with 1.941 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration in leaves related to the treatment of 100 mg per kg of lead and 40% biochar with 0.166 mg kg. The results of this study suggest that lead pollution is causing negative effects on morphological and physiological characteristics of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The investigation of phytoremediation of chromium, nickel and zinc by offensive plant Chrozophora tinctoria L. from soils surrounding Arak aluminum industrial complex
samira ghyasi During past centuries and industrial activities of human that have been include of agriculture,military and disposal of industrial wastes caused that wide region specially, developed countriesface with high concentrations of heavy metals and pollutants. Moreover, More During past centuries and industrial activities of human that have been include of agriculture,military and disposal of industrial wastes caused that wide region specially, developed countriesface with high concentrations of heavy metals and pollutants. Moreover, negative effects onecosystems and other natural regions, these regions created too many risks for human healthbecause of food pollution by usage of agricultural productions and drinking water. The aim of thisresearch, discussion about phytoremediation with use of local techniques and those potentials is asa corrective technique that from natural capability of biotic plants use for removal and purificationof pollutant components of environment. This research was done as completely randomized blocksdesign with 3 replications during 2011for evaluation of efficiency amount and amplitude of usageof herbal exploitation method by offensive plant Chrozophora tinctoria for purification of aroundsolis of Iralko complex. At first Zn, Ni and Cr elements measured in soil, then in the controltreatments, 2.5, 5 and 10 fold of sample mean concentration, the amount of uptake and storage indifferent plant organs were investigated. The results showed that the highest amount of Zn(61.63%) and Chromium (67.33%) were found in leaf and stem, respectively. According to theresults, it can be stated that Chrozophora tinctoria have an effective role in the removal of Zn andCr in the complex surrounding soils. Manuscript profile
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