Investigating phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals by microorganisms

Subject Areas : biology

Alahyar Kamari ¹ , Asaf Orujzadeh ²

1 - Master's Degree, Department of Biology, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Master's Degree, Department of Environmental Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2023-05-03 Accepted : 2023-07-28 Published : 2023-07-23

Keywords: Soil, Heavy metals, Microorganism, Pollutants, Phytoremediation,

Abstract :

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals by microorganisms. Materials and methods: This study was conducted with a review-descriptive method on the studies conducted on herbal treatment. Findings: The results of this study showed that many techniques have been developed to clean soils contaminated with heavy metals. Among these techniques, plant extraction (plant treatment) has been presented as an effective and cheap cleaning method, in which the absorption and collection of pollutants in plant tissues is considered. In this method, by harvesting plants from the soil, the pollutants are removed from the soil. In agricultural lands contaminated with heavy metals, the selection of metal-tolerant crops to remove pollutants from the soil can be a new strategy for land management. A number of cadmium accumulating species that have been reported based on the results of hydroponic and pot tests are species with high biomass, including corn, sunflower and Indian mustard for refining areas contaminated with heavy metals. Conclusion: Various physical, chemical and biological methods have been suggested for the treatment of areas contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants, which are mostly costly and uneconomical.

References:

1. Yang XE, Long XX, Ye HB, He ZL, Calvert DV & Stoffella PJ. Cadmium tolerance and hyperaccumulation in a new Zn hyperaccumulating plant species (Sedum alfredii Hence).
J Plant Soil. 2004; 259: 181-189.
2. Dinakar N, Nagajyothi PC, Suresh S, Udaykiran Y & Damodharam T. Phytotoxicity of cadmium on protein, praline and antioxidant enzyme activities in growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedling. J Environ Sci. 2008; 20: 199-206.
3. Pal M, Horvath E, Janda T, Paldi E & Szalai G. Physiological changes and defense mechanisms induced by cadmium stress in maize. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci. 2006; 169: 239-246.
4. Joner EJ, Leyval C & Colpaert JV. Ectomycorrhizas impede phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) both within and beyond the rhizosphere.
J Environ Poll. 2006; 142: 34-38.
5. Maradanpour F & Mehrabi AM. The use of biotechnology in relation to phytoremediation. In: Regional Conference on Food and Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah; 2008: 1-5.
6. Sadat Taghavirad S, Davar H & Mohammadi MJ. A study on concentration of BETX vapors during winter in the department of ports and shipping located in one of the southern cities of Iran. Int J Cur Life Sci. 2014; 4(9): 5416-5420.
7. Geravandi S, Mohammadi MJ, Goudarzi G, Ahmadi Angali K, Neisi AK & Zalaghi E. Health effects of exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) in Ahvaz.
J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 2014; 18(5): 45-53.
8. Johnson DL, Anderson DR & McGrath SP. Soil microbial response during the phytoremediation of a PAH contaminated soil. J Soil Bio & Bioch. 2005; 37: 2334-2336.
9. Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Naimabadi A, Mohammadi MJ, Neisi AK & Sadat Taghavirad S. Cardiovascular deaths related to Carbon monoxide Exposure in Ahvaz, Iran. Iranian
J Health, Safety & Environ. 2014; 1(3): 126-131.
10. Hall JL. Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2002; 53(366): 1-11.
11. Mattina MJ, Lannucci-Berger W, Musante C & White JC. Concurrent plant uptake of heavy metal and persistent organic pollutants from soil. J Environ Poll. 2003; 124: 375-378.
12. Chen H & Cutright TJ. The interactive effects of chelator, fertilizer, and rhizobacteria
for enhancing phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. J Soils Sedi. 2002; 2: 203-210.
13. Fayiga AO, Ma LQ, Cao X & Rathinasabapathi B. Effects of heavy metals on growth and arsenic accumulation in the arsenic hyper accumulator Petri vitiate L. J Environ Poll. 2004; 2: 289-296.
14. Dushenkov S & Kapulnik Y. Phytofilttration of metals. In: I. Raskin and B.D. Ensley (Eds), Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: Using Plants to Clean Up the Environment. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York; 2002: 89-106.
15. Lasat MM & et al. Molecular physiology of zinc transportin the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens. Journal Experimental Botany. 2000; 51: 71-79.
16. Raskin I, Kumar PB, Dushenkov V & Salt DE. Bioconcentration of heavy metals by plants. Curr Opin. J Biotechnology. 1994; 5: 285-290.
17. Mertens J, Vervaeke P, Meers E & Tack FMG. Seasonal changes of metals in willow. stands for phytoremediation on dredged sediment. J Environ Sci Technol. 2006; 40: 1962–1968.
18. Zallaghi E, Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Mohammadi MJ, Vosoughi Niri M & Vesyi E. Estimating the prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases due to particulate air pollutants in Tabriz air. Sci J Ilam Univ Medi Sci. 2014; 22(1): 84-91.
19. Prasad MNV. Sunflower (Helinathus annuus L.) - A Potential Crop for Environmental Industry. J HELIA. 2007; 30(46): 167-174.
20. Bragato M & El Seoud OA. Formation, properties, and bex situQ soil decontamination by vegetable oil-based micro emulsions. J Surfactants Deterge. 2003; 6: 143-150.
21. Pannu JK, Singh A & Ward OP. Vegetable oil as a contaminated soil remediation amendment: application of peanut oil for extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil. J Process Biochem. 2004; 39: 1211-6.
22. Li TQ, Yang XE, Yang JY, HE ZL. Zn Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution in the Zn Hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. Pedosphere. 2006; 16(5): 616-623.
23. Mauskar JM. Cadmium – An Environment Toxicant, Central Pollution Control Board. Ministry of Environment & Frosts, Govt of India. Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi; 2007: 11-32.
24. Lombi E, Zhao F, Dunham S & McGrath P. Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. J Environ Qual. 2001; 30: 1919-1926.
25. Chaney RL, Malik M, Lim YM, Brown SL, Brewer EP, Angle JS & Baker AJM. Phytoremediation of soil metals. J Curr Opinion Biotechnol. 1997; 8: 279-284.
26. Baker AJ, Reeves RD & Hajar AS. Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in British populations of the metallophyte Thlaspi caerulescens J & C Presl (Brassicaceae). J New Phyto. 1994; 127: 61-68.
27. Terry N & Banuelos G. Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water. Lewis Pub, Boca Raton; 2000.
28. Blaylock MJ, Salt DE, Dushenkov S, Zakharova O, Gussman C & Kapulnik Y. Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soilapplied chelating agents. J Environ Sci Technol. 1997; 31: 860–865.
29. Raskin I & Ensley BD. Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals Using Plants to Clean Up the Environment. Wiley-Interscience Publication; 2000.
30. Davis A, Drexler JW, Ruby MV & Nicholson A. Micro mineralogy of mine wastes
in relation to lead bioavailability, Butte, Montana. J Environ Sci Technol. 1993; 27:
1415–1425.
31. Zhang M, Alva AK, Li YC & Calvert DV. Chemical association of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Pb in selected sandy citrus soils. J Soil Sci. 1997; 162: 181–188.