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Open Access Article
1 - Morphotectonic Investigation of Khoy Region based on Morphometry Indexes
HASSAN HAJI HOSSEINLOU Saeideh MirhoseinanThe study area from Sedimentary-structurl Units of Iran is located in Khoy ophiolite zone and Alborz- Azarbayjan zone. Studied area is in northwest Khoy between 44° 30´ E and 45˚00´E longitudes and 38° 30' N and 39˚ 00´ N latitudes. This resear MoreThe study area from Sedimentary-structurl Units of Iran is located in Khoy ophiolite zone and Alborz- Azarbayjan zone. Studied area is in northwest Khoy between 44° 30´ E and 45˚00´E longitudes and 38° 30' N and 39˚ 00´ N latitudes. This research uses calculation of morphotectonic indexes to study effects of active range boundary within range faults in study area on drainage pattern and river streams. Using the results of calculating some morphotectonical index in combinations with other data types, neotectonical activities rate is determined in some selected basinsKey words: Morphometry Indexes, Neotectonical activities, Khoy thrust fault, Strike slip fault Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analysis of gullies morphometery in Salavat Abad-Bijar area, Kordestan province
REza Esmaili Ronak ShokatiOne of the most important resources of every country is soil. Today, its erosion and producingdeposit is a difficult that is increasing progressively and causes to lose surface soil of slope,sediment accumulation in reservoirs, sedimentation in channels and enormous dam MoreOne of the most important resources of every country is soil. Today, its erosion and producingdeposit is a difficult that is increasing progressively and causes to lose surface soil of slope,sediment accumulation in reservoirs, sedimentation in channels and enormous damage to theeconomy. In this research the gullies of region Salavat Abad-Bijar was studied. Dimension ofgullies was studied by using field surveys.The parameters of width, depth, the ratio of width todepth, the channel angel and the parameters of gully shape obtained the cross-sections wereestimated. Then these data was clustered by SPSS software and analyzed by the effectiveness ofeach variable in clusters by variance analysis and used mann-whitney U for assessing differenceof each variable with litology. Among of parameters, slope and depth of gullyhave a significantdifference with litology. According to this clustering the gullies is divided into three clusters.The results of test show homogeneity that among the different factors, only slope has beeneffective in the gullies of region and the reminded parameters has not been effectiveness as thedirect factor on gullies, therefore we concludes in the region studied, the morphometric indexescannot interfere in clustering as an effective factor. Also, it was surveyed the difference amongthe numbers of gullies in this span under study along with the factors of the amplitude shape,land use, the sensitive level to gullies, slope and the direction of amplitude by using KruskalwallisH test.The results of this test showed that there is a significant difference among thenumber of gullies with the mentioned factors in the meaningful level of 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Histology and histomorphometric study of selected immune organs in twenty day-old Chukar Partridge
Hamedi, S., Zandi, A.S. .Considering the important role of lymphatic tissues in Bids' health and the scarce knowledge about histological features of partridge as an industrial species in Iran, the present study investigates histological parameters of lymphatic organs of partridge. Thirty 20-day MoreConsidering the important role of lymphatic tissues in Bids' health and the scarce knowledge about histological features of partridge as an industrial species in Iran, the present study investigates histological parameters of lymphatic organs of partridge. Thirty 20-days-old male partridges that were reared under similar conditions were used. Data were presented as Mean±SD. Samples from Thymus, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, cecal tonsils and pylorus tonsils were collected. After fixation and routine histological laboratory methods, 6μm-thick transverse sections were made. The sections were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscope, also histomorphometric parameters were measured by a linear graticule. Cecal tonsil had a structure consisting of follicular units with a fossula within each follicular unit. The average height of the follicular unit was 1.14±0.11mm, the follicular unit width was 0.31±0.06mm. The bursa of Fabricius was consisting of long thick mucosal folds (plicae). Plicae height was 2.99±0.30mm, the follicular width was 0.49±0.02mm. Thymus has incompletely separated lobules that diameters of the lobules was 0.60±0.07mm. The red pulp of spleen was in the middle of the white pulp. The white pulp thickness was 0.20±0.00mm. The pyloric tonsil has sub mucosal follicles with 0.24 ± 0.44 mm width. Conclusion: In conclusion the present study shows that lymphatic organs of partridges have similarity with that of chickens although with regard to histomorphometric data the lymphatic structures are more extensive in partridges which may describe relatively high immunologic competency in this species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Histomorphological study of large intestine development at different ages of african ostrich chickens (struthio camelus)
A. علائی نوین , B. Rasouli محمد AbediThe morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of MoreThe morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract in birds by evaluating the histomorphology of the cecum and colon at different ages. For this purpose, 36 ostrich chicks were selected in 6 age groups. These samples were selected from slaughterhouses around Tehran at the ages of one and fifteen days and one, three, six, and twelve months. In this study, it was found the epithelium of the cecum is pseudostratified and simple columnar, and the number of goblet cells increases with the age of the chickens. The muscularis mucosa at the base of the cecum was indistinct and thin, but clear at the apex of the cecum and colon. The thickness of the muscular layer increased with age the Auerbach plexus were mostly seen between the fibers of the longitudinal layer of the muscular layer. The lymphatic tissue was also observed in follicular shape in the lamina propria of the cecum from the age of six months. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in general, in terms of histomorphological features, the development of the large intestine in ostrich chickens is very similar to other birds, especially the Struthioniformes. However, the differences can be found in the condition of the muscularis mucosa and the distribution and timing of lymphatic tissue formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum) on colonic mucosa morphometry and diarrhea caused by castor oil in male rats
Mohammad Mohammad Ali Mansouri Lotfollah Khajehpour Maliheh MohammadiObjectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon hi MoreObjectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon histology and severity of diarrhea in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar 200±5 g rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Solvent group (physiological serum), diphenoxylate group (5 mg/kg), and five groups receiving basil hydroalcoholic extract in doses (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg). One hour after taking the drugs, castor oil 2 ml per animal was fed by gavage. The animals were then kept in separate cages for 4 hours and the indicators of excretion number, weight loss percentage, fecal water content and inhibition percentage were recorded. Mice were anesthetized with ether one hour after diarrhea studies and the isolated colon tissue was evaluated microscopically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and then Tukey test. Level P Results: Diphenoxylate gavage and extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg, could improve diarrhea caused by castor oil. Histological studies showed that although there was no significant difference between the different groups, the amount (800 mg / kg) of the extract could increase the thickness of the colon wall to some extent. Conclusion: The results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum has diphenoxylate-like properties in reducing the osmotic symptoms of diarrhea and the volume of water excreted, and in the short term can have little effect on colon wall thickness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analysis of the relationship between morphometric properties and erodibility using topographic position index in the Pivehzhen binalod
Mahnaz Naemitabar Mohammad Ali Zanganeh Asadi Rahman ZandiBackground and Objective The morphometric parameters of the catchment are very suitable indicators for the analysis of geomorphological processes. Erosion studies and sediment production are among the most important research carried out by geoscientists, especially geom MoreBackground and Objective The morphometric parameters of the catchment are very suitable indicators for the analysis of geomorphological processes. Erosion studies and sediment production are among the most important research carried out by geoscientists, especially geomorphologists, to implement soil and water conservation programs, reduce erosion, change the hydraulic flow of rivers, and prevent the reduction of reservoir dam lake capacity. To measure the geometric (geometric) characteristics of a river, the term morphometry or river shaping is used. In fact, morphometrics is the quantitative analysis of the geomorphic features of landforms in an area. Morphometric analysis is one of the effective methods for prioritizing sub-basins that can indicate the status of the drainage network of the basin. Investigation of morphometric features of the Piveh Gene watershed is based on morphometric and geomorphometric indices. Considering the importance of studying morphometric characteristics in watershed studies and examining the degree of erosion in this study, the aim is to analyze the morphometric features with the type of landform and predict the amount of erosion through landforms.Materials and Methods In the present study, for morphometric analysis, ArcGIS software, a digital elevation model (DEM) with an accuracy of 20 meters, prepared from 1:50,000 digital topographic maps of the National Mapping Organization and Aster satellite images were used. Has been. To extract the number of waterways, ArcView software, a digital terrestrial model (DEM), has been used. For the slope parameter and the slope direction and height of the study area, we used a topographic map and a digital elevation model of the earth. In order to prepare the drainage density parameter, the existing elevation waterways were extracted from the digital elevation model using the module (Spectral indices) in Archydro and the digital elevation model of the Aster satellite. A threshold of 25-50 cells was selected for drainage network extraction and the drainage network was plotted. In the last step, waterways were classified by astral method and morphometric parameters were extracted. To separate the landforms of the region, a digital model of height with a resolution of 20 meters was used and then the type of landforms were identified based on TPI or topographic position index and according to equation TPIi = Z0 – Σ n-1 Zn/n (Z0 Model point height under evaluation, Zn The height of the grid, n The total number of surrounding points considered in the evaluation) comparing the height of each cell in a digital model TPI, Height is adjacent to the average height of the cells. Finally, the average height decreases from the height value in the center.Results and Discussion Morphometric parameters studied in this paper include the number of streams (Nu), the rank of streams (U), the length of streams (L), bifurcation coefficient (Rb), roughness coefficient (Bb), drainage density (Dd), frequency of streams (F), shape factor (Rf), roundness coefficient (Rc) and rectangle coefficient are equivalent (Re). The results showed that according to the number of waterways (184 waterways), the existence of first, second, and third-degree waterways, the length of waterways, the high ratio of waterway lengths to the area of the basin, and the high unevenness coefficient of the erodible area And requires optimal planning and management. Also, landform studies in the study area showed that with the help of morphometric features, they determined the susceptibility of landforms to erosion in the area. So that after preparing the landforms using the topographic position index (TPI) and considering erosion-sensitive areas through morphometric features, erosion-sensitive landforms in the study area were identified. By comparing the landform map and the erosion zoning map of the study area, it was found that Class 2 landforms (U-shaped valley) and Class 4 landforms (high drains) have the highest erosion. The results showed that with increasing the drainage density, the amount of erosion increases.Conclusion After mapping the landforms using the topographic position index (TPI) and considering erosion-sensitive areas through morphometric features, erosion-sensitive landforms in the study area were identified. So that the increase in the number of waterways and their length in the watershed indicates an increase in erosion. Then, the topographic position index (TPI), which distinguishes between hollow and bulge, was considered as one of the geomorphometric indicators. The lower and upper limits of the index (TPI) for the study area were calculated as -39.21 and 33.51, respectively. Areas with negative TPI indicate low topography (concavities and pits) while areas with positive TPI indicate high topography (convex or ridges). The presence of dimples and holes (in areas with low TPI) increases the latency of surface currents in the area and causes water infiltration, which in turn can have a significant impact on the storage of precipitation and surface runoff. Have. The results of studies of morphometric parameters indicate that the erodibility conditions of the region are more favorable and the situation is critical. Analysis of classified data showed that the area and length of the canal are effective in erosion. By comparing the landforms map and the waterways map of the study area, it was found that the 4th floor landforms (U-shaped valleys) and the 3rd-floor landforms (high drainages) have the highest erodibility. Also, with an increasing degree of unevenness, the amount of erosion in the area increases, which in landforms located at high altitudes, such as ridges (Class 8 and 10 landforms), the highest amount and, consequently, the highest sensitivity of these landforms are determined. Class 3 locations have the highest drainage density. Due to its natural features, morphometric and physiographic features, the study area is round, which makes the time of short concentration and literal peak larger and more prone to flooding. By examining other morphological components, we came to the conclusion that the study area is prone to erosion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of Changes Histomorphometry Spleen in Rats with Pregnancy and Lactation
elham Etemadi Akbar Karimi Ali Asghar PilevarianInroduction & Objective: Major changes occurred in the mother's body during pregnancy, sometimes these changes for both mother and fetus at risk by recognizing the changes in the conditions of a woman's pregnancy can be managed. In this study, histomorphometry changes o MoreInroduction & Objective: Major changes occurred in the mother's body during pregnancy, sometimes these changes for both mother and fetus at risk by recognizing the changes in the conditions of a woman's pregnancy can be managed. In this study, histomorphometry changes of spleen tissue during pregnancy and lactation in female Wistar rats were studied.Materials and Methods:In this study, 54 Wistar rats (12 male and 42 female) with an average weight of 220-240 g and after breeding and observation of vaginal plug 18 pregnant rats into 3 groups of 6 rats and 6 Rat non-pregnant adult female as control groups, and including the first day of pregnancy into 4 groups, control, 10 and 20 of pregnancy and the first week of lactation were divided. Then the rats were dissected and spleen tissue for histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin out and were. In cases the number of macrophages, white pulp megakaryocytes and diameter were evaluated. Statistical analysis ANOVA and Duncan test were examined. Results:The results indicated that in spleen tissue number of macrophages at 10 and 20 and diameter(P ConclusionProcesses of pregnancy increases changes done in spleen tissue included increases white pulp and macrophages. These changes are dependent on mother's immune system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of Multi-Enzyme Effect on Performance and Intestinal Morphological of Broiler Chickens Fed by Tomato Pomace
Hasan Lotfi Bahman Navidshad MuhammadReza Assadi Farzad MirzaeiAghjehgheshlagh Reza Behmaram Afsaneh DadashiOrange ali Kalantari-HesariAbstractInroduction & Objective: Tomato pulp is one of the by-products of the food industry that is produced in large quantities in Iran and due to the high percentage of fiber, its level of consumption in broiler diets may be limited.Therefore, the aim of this stud MoreAbstractInroduction & Objective: Tomato pulp is one of the by-products of the food industry that is produced in large quantities in Iran and due to the high percentage of fiber, its level of consumption in broiler diets may be limited.Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the nutritional value of tomato pulp using a multivalent enzyme in the nutrition of broiler chickens.Materials and Methods: In this experimentthebroiler chicks fed diets without tomato pulp and enzyme (control), containing 5% tomato pomace without enzyme, containing 5% tomato pomace and 0.2% multi-enzyme, containing 10% tomato pomace without enzyme and 10% tomato pomace and 0.2% multi-enzyme for 42 days.Results: During the Finisher and the whole the experiment period, chicks fed different levels of tomato pomace with enzyme had a higher weight gain than enzyme free comparable diets (P<0.05). There was an increase in the the empty gizzard weight in chickens fed 5% tomato pomace with enzyme compared to the control group and also the 10% tomato pomace and enzyme group (P <0.05).Serum lipids including cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were not affected by the experimental diets, but diets containing tomato pomace had higher HDL concentration than the control group (P <0.05). The villi height of jejunum and ileum of chicks fed 5% tomato pomace with enzyme was significantly higher than other treatments, but highest amount of villi of jejunum and ileum was observed in the group fed 5% tomato pomace without enzym. (P <0.05).The 10% level of tomato pomace reduced feed cost per unit of live weight gain by 5%.Conclusion: The results of this study showed a positive effect of multi-enzyme use on increasing the nutritional value of tomato pomace up to 10% of broiler diet.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Histopathologic study of the effect of low level Gallium-Arsenide laser on healing of grade 3 cutaneous burns in the rat
siamand bastani علی rezaeiThe healing of burn wounds has always attracted attention due to disruption of the healing process which leads to prolonged recovery period. Therefore, the quest for finding clinically effective wound-healing agents is important in the medical management of burn wounds. MoreThe healing of burn wounds has always attracted attention due to disruption of the healing process which leads to prolonged recovery period. Therefore, the quest for finding clinically effective wound-healing agents is important in the medical management of burn wounds. This study was conducted to investigate the morphometric and histopathologic effects of laser therapy on healing of third degree burns in rats. For this purpose, 64 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups consisting of Group 1: low level laser therapy (11.7 energy/cm2), Group 2: high level laser therapy (17.5 energy/cm2), Group 3: treatment with nitrofurazone ointment and Group 4: control. Burn wounds were created in all treatment groups by placing a 22 mm cylinder connected to a kettle containing 5 liters of hot water on the skin for 3 seconds. Histopathologic examination confirmed the creation of third degree burn wounds. Gallium-Arsenide laser was used in the study. Histopathologic examination was performed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Morphometric evaluations indicated significantly increased wound contraction in laser treated animals particularly in group 1 compared to control group. Also in both laser treated groups, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased angiogenesis and presence of fibroblasts along with increase in the thickness of epithelium was observed. The results showed significantly improved wound healing in laser treated groups in comparison to nitrofurazone treated and control groups on all evaluation times indicating the wound healing effects of laser therapy on third degree cutaneous burns of rats. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction on frozen sperm quality of Ghezel ram
parisa shafaati gh moghaddamThe ability of sperm to move and reach the oocyte for fertilization and fertility depends on different factors such as morphometry, liquefaction and semen viscosity. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction of sem MoreThe ability of sperm to move and reach the oocyte for fertilization and fertility depends on different factors such as morphometry, liquefaction and semen viscosity. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction of semen on Ghezel ram frozen sperm quality. Semen was collected once a week for 3 weeks from 5 Ghezel rams. Initial assessments included total and progressive motility, viability, abnormal sperm percentage, concentration, viscosity, morphometry, and liquefaction. Samples with a concentration of 2.5 billion sperm and a progressive motility of over 70% were used for dilution. After dilution, straws (0.25 ml) were filled and after cooling and reaching the temperature of 5°C in the refrigerator, were placed 4-5 cm above liquid nitrogen for 8-10 min and then, ultimately were immersed in liquid nitrogen. The traits of motility and sperm health were assessed on days 0, 20, 40 and 60 of cryopreservation. The results showed that motility traits and viability were significantly reduced over time of cryopreservation (p<0.05). Furthermore, the results of this study showed a negative and significant correlation between drop length and plasma membrane health (p<0.05). Also, it was shown that there was a positive and significant correlation between semen string length and total motility (p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between liquefaction and total motility, progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity (p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between tail length and total sperm length with plasma membrane health (p<0.01). The findings of the present study indicated that the shorter the liquefaction time, sperm tail length and total length of sperm, the qualitative traits of sperm will be better preserved in the freezing process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Histologic and histomorphometric study of epididymis after immobilization stress in mice
esmaiel safavi hadi khayyatnouriImmobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobiliz MoreImmobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue in mice. In this study 140 adult male mice were randomly divided in to 7 groups as test and 7 groups as control animals. In test groups,the animals were subjected to immobilizationstress for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. In control groups,the animals were only handled. After the experimental periods, blood samples were collected for measurements of serum cortisol and testosterone and epididymal tissue samples were obtained for histologic and histomorphometric study. The results of this study showed that level of testostrone in all test groups significantly decreased in comparison tothe control groups(p<0/05). Cortisol level in test group at 1, 3, 7, and15 days significantly increased (p<0/05) and in other groups no significant difference was observed. Histological study showed that in groups which were stressed for 30,45 and 60 days ,in head ,body and tail of epididym ,diameter of tubules were decreased and interstitial tissue significantly increased (p<0/05). thickness of epithelium in head and body of epididym and in the tail region significantly decreased (p<0/05) in groups which were under stress for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and 30, 45and 60 days respectively (p<0/05). Result of this study confirmed adverse effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue with increasein time of stress, side effects also increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Prioritization of Morphometric Factors Influencing the Creation Alluvial Fans Southern Slopes of Alborz, in the Semnan Province, Using Multivariate RegressionModels
عیسی Jokar sarhangi رضا Esmaeili سمیه Fakhroddin There are relations between water basins and alluvial fans as important forms in arid and semi an arid region which show the dimensions of alluvial fans and also indicate the impacts of different factors in the formation of alluvial fans quantatively. With r More There are relations between water basins and alluvial fans as important forms in arid and semi an arid region which show the dimensions of alluvial fans and also indicate the impacts of different factors in the formation of alluvial fans quantatively. With respect to the fact that the dimensions of alluvial fans are under influence of their morphometric factors of watershed basins; this research used morphmetrical features to find the most suitable model in the southern slops of Alborz Semnan province. For this purpose, 44 water basins and alluvial fans associated with them were determined using 1:500000 topographic maps. Also for more accuracy Google Earth Pro6 software, were used. In the next stage, 11 watershed physiographic characteristics were obtained including: area, perimeter, mean of height, elevation, gradient, basin length, total length of waterways, and length of the main channel, basin shape coefficient, main channel gradient, and drainage density with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). Then relationship between alluvial fans Dimension as a dependent variable with the quantities of basin morphology as independent variables were analyzed using SPSS software and multiple regression. The results indicate that among the independent factors, the variables of area, perimeter, length, area, channel length, main channel length and the density of water drainage basins, had the most influence on the development of alluvial fans respectively and able to find a regression model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - اثر باکتوسل و تویوسرین بهعنوان پروبیوتیک، بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجههای خونی و مورفومتری روده جوجههای بوقلمون
م. چمنیآزمایشی برای بررسی اثر استفاده از پروبیوتیک­های باکتوسل (پدیوکوکوس اسیدی­لاکتیکی) و تویوسرین (باسیلوس سرئوس) بر عملکرد، لاشه، فراسنجه­های خونی و مورفولوژی روده­ جوجه­های بوقلمون انجام شد. تعداد 240 قطعه جوجه­ بوقلمون نر یکروزه­ نژاد نیکولاس د Moreآزمایشی برای بررسی اثر استفاده از پروبیوتیک­های باکتوسل (پدیوکوکوس اسیدی­لاکتیکی) و تویوسرین (باسیلوس سرئوس) بر عملکرد، لاشه، فراسنجه­های خونی و مورفولوژی روده­ جوجه­های بوقلمون انجام شد. تعداد 240 قطعه جوجه­ بوقلمون نر یکروزه­ نژاد نیکولاس در سه تیمار جیره­ای با چهار تکرار در هر تیمار، مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. جیره­ پایه بر اساس ذرت-سویا بود. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: 1- گروه کنترل (جیره­ پایه)، 2- جیره­ پایه + باکتوسل (109cfu پدیوکوکوس اسیدی­لاکتیکی به ازای هر گرم جیره) و 3- جیره­ی پایه + باکتوسل (109cfu باسیلوس سرئوس به ازای هر گرم جیره). جوجه بوقلمون­ها در شرایط نرمال از روز اول تا 84 در پن­های جداگانه و روی بستر در شرایط محیطی کنترل شده پرورش یافتند. خوراک و آب به ­طور آزاد در اختیار جوجه­ها قرار داشت. وزن­کشی هفتگی برای تعیین میانگین وزن جوجه­های هر پن انجام شد. مصرف خوراک نیز به ­طور هفتگی اندازه­گیری و ضریب تبدیل خوراک برای کل دوره محاسبه شد. در روز 84 پرورش، 8 جوجه از هر تیمار برای اندازه­گیری فراسنجه­های خونی کلسترول، تری­گلیسیرید، هتروفیل، لنفوسیت و نیز بررسی ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی روده­ کوچک به­ طور تصادفی انتخاب و کشتار شدند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از این دو پروبیوتیک تأثیر معنی­داری بر وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک، ضریب تبدیل خوراک، کلسترول، تری­گلیسرید، HDL و LDL نداشت (05/0P>). نتایج معنی­داری در کاهش ضخامت اپی­تلیوم، افزایش طول پُرزها، و افزایش تعداد سلول­های گابلت روده­ کوچک مشاهده شد (05/0P<). همچنین پرندگانی که از این دو پروبیوتیک استفاده کرده بودند، در محتویات ایلئومی خود دارای تعداد کلی­فرم­های کمتری نسبت به گروه کنترل بودند (05/0P<). بنابراین، با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش می­توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از این پروبیوتیک­ها در دوز توصیه شده (109cfu به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک) فاقد اثر معنی­دار بر فراسنجه­های خونی و عملکرد جوجه بوقلمون­ها است. نکته­ کلیدی در استفاده از این پروبیوتیک­ها، اثر آنها در حفظ سلامتی دستگاه گوارش و مقاومت به پاتوژن­ها و نیز پیشگیری از اختلالات گوارشی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Body Conformation Analysis through Biometric Traits in Borgou Cattle Breed Reared in on Station Conservation Farm in Northern Benin
H.S.S. Worogo U. Tchokponhoué Y. Idrissou A.S. Assani C.D.A. Alabi M. Azalou J.S. Adjassin I.T. Alkoiret -
Open Access Article
15 - تاثیر مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه مرتبط با ترئونین روی عملکرد تولیدی در جوجههای گوشتی
م.ف. پرالتا آ.ج. نیلسون ر.د. میازوهدف ارزیابی ارتباط مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه (Sc) با ترئونین (T)، در جیرههای جوجه گوشتی بر روی عملکرد، کیفیت لاشه و تغییرات بافتشناسی روده بود. 100 جوجه گوشتی نر Ross (1 تا 43 روزه) در 4 تیمار D1: جیره پایه (BD)، D2: BD به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک، D3: B Moreهدف ارزیابی ارتباط مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه (Sc) با ترئونین (T)، در جیرههای جوجه گوشتی بر روی عملکرد، کیفیت لاشه و تغییرات بافتشناسی روده بود. 100 جوجه گوشتی نر Ross (1 تا 43 روزه) در 4 تیمار D1: جیره پایه (BD)، D2: BD به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک، D3: BD به علاوه 30 درصد T و D4: D3 به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای کیلوگرم خوراک. تغییرات تولیدی اندازهگیری شده شامل: متوسط رشد وزنی روزانه (ADWG) (گرم/جوجه/روز)، متوسط مصرف خوراک روزانه (ADFC) (گرم/جوجه/روز)، و نرخ تبدیل خوراک (FCR) بودند. همچنین، بازده لاشه (CY) (%)، وزن سینه (BW) (g)، وزن ران (TW) (g) و وزن چربی شکمی (AFW) (g) تعیین شدند. علاوه بر این، ارتفاع پنجه (VH) (μ)، عمق کریپت (CD) (μ)، منطقه پنجه (VA) (μ2) و نسبت VH/CD اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که D4 بیشترین ADWG را نسبت به گروه D3 (P≤0.05) داشت و بهترین FCR را نسبت به گروههای D2 و D3 ارائه داد (P≤0.05). همچنین، D4 بیشترین BW نسبت به گروه D3 (P≤0.05) و کمترین AFW را نسبت به D1 (P≤0.05) داشت. CY و TW توسط افزودنی تحت تاثیر قرار نگرفتند، BW در گروه D4 نسبت به D3 بیشتر بود (P≤0.05) و AF در D4 با توجه به گروه D1 کمتر بود (P≤0.05). پروبیوتیک نسبت VH/CD را با توجه به گروه شاهد کاهش داد (P≤0.05) و VA در D4 با توجه به گروه D1 افزایش یافت (P≤0.05). همچنین، گروه D3 و D4 بیشترین موکوس را داشتند و تعداد سلولهای گابلت افزایش داشت. در نتیجه پایانی، Sc مرتبط با T عملکرد تولیدی جوجههای گوشتی را از طریق سلامت روده افزایش داد. بهبود در عملکرد تولیدی با یک FCR بهتر که میتواند در کارایی بیشتر استفاده از مواد مغذی انعکاس یابد و میتواند در عملکرد لاشه بهتر تفسیر شود (افزایش رسوب عضلانی و کاهش AFW) تولید خواهد شد. یک روده سالم توسط افزایش در VA و کاهش نسبت VH/CD که میتواند انعکاس دهنده در بالا رفتن عملکرد جذب توسط سلولهای اپیتلیال بالغ بیشتر باشد تولید خواهد شد. همچنین، اولین خط دفاعی میزبان در برابر پاتوژنهای مهاجم میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating the effect of vitamin C and hydroquinone pretreatment on developmental and phytochemical characteristics of seedlings obtained from aged canola
Hoora Naghisharifi Maryam Kolahi Mohamad Javaherian Behroz ZargarCanola with the scientific name Brassica napus L., due to its high oil content in the seed, produces one third of all edible oils worldwide, which plays an important role in improving the nutritional needs of societies. Accelerated aging test is one of the most importan MoreCanola with the scientific name Brassica napus L., due to its high oil content in the seed, produces one third of all edible oils worldwide, which plays an important role in improving the nutritional needs of societies. Accelerated aging test is one of the most important tests used to evaluate the viability and physiological potential of seeds. Unsuitable environmental conditions as well as seed storage conditions can cause oxidative stress in seeds and other plant tissues. In this study, the improvement effect of pretreatment of vitamin C and Hydroquinone on canola seed under accelerated aging and the developmental and phytochemical characteristics of seedlings obtained from aged canola seed including morphological traits, germination indices and phytochemical changes were investigated. Pre-treatment of seeds with antioxidant compounds reduced the damage caused by decay, improved the quality of canola seeds and seedlings, and also changed the phytochemical composition of the seedlings. The reduction of seed germination and weak morphometric characteristics of seedlings obtained from old seeds indicate the relationship between the phytochemical changes of seeds and the aging process. Seedlings obtained from old seeds showed phytochemical changes in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and proteins. If the aging process of the seed does not lead to death of seed, the resulting seedlings will have a different destiny with high power to deal with oxidative stress. It seems that the seedlings receive the signal from the free radicals of seed aging and cause the growth of intelligent seedlings to deal with the stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of L-Arginine and L-NAME on the thickness of the cortex and medulla of Thymus in Pregnant Rats
SMH Noori Moogahi ZN Sharifi shabnam movaseghi عطارد السادات MostafaviniaConsidering the important role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including during pregnancy and its different stages, this study investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on structural and st MoreConsidering the important role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including during pregnancy and its different stages, this study investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO precursor and L-NAME as a NO inhibitor on structural and stereological changes of the thymus in pregnant rats. In this experimental study, thirty-two female Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks and weighing 200-250g, were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, L-Arginine (200 mg / kg), L-NAME (20 mg / kg) and L-Arginine + L-NAME; 8 rats in each group. On the 18th day of pregnancy, the rats anesthetized with ether, then, their thymus was extracted and fixed in 10% formalin. After tissue passage, the sections were stained with H&E and the histological and morphometric studies were performed. L-Arginine with its stimulative effect on NO synthesis in thymus causes to increase T-lymphocyte population, therefore thickness of cortex is increased and thickness of medulla decreased. Analysis of variance showed that the thickness of cortex and medulla of thymus in the L-Arginine group was significantly different in comparison with the control group, with p=0.000 and p=0.002, respectively. The thickness of cortex and medulla in the L-NAME group showed a significant decrease, with p=0.000, compared to the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Protective Effect of Melatonin on Mice Fetus Testis Following lamotrigine- Induced at Pregnancy
S.S HejaziLamotrigine is a novel medicine that has been administrated since 1992 on few patients. There has been no comprehensive study on Organogenesis of the medicine on human. Melatonin, most important secretion of epiphysis, is an effective antioxidant and free radicals neutr MoreLamotrigine is a novel medicine that has been administrated since 1992 on few patients. There has been no comprehensive study on Organogenesis of the medicine on human. Melatonin, most important secretion of epiphysis, is an effective antioxidant and free radicals neutralizer. The present study aimed to study the removing mechanism of free radicals in testis of fetuses from mothers treated with lamotrigine using animal model as well as lamotrigine which is as an antioxidant; so, 10 mg/kg of sigma, Usa melatonin administered as peritoneal injection. At the end of pregnancy, the lengths of newborns were measured using 0.01 accuracy caliper. Their weight was measured using 0.01 gram accuracy digital weigh (Model Wtb). Then, histological studies were conducted on the newborns followed by studying under light microscope (Nikon). Data were explained as mean± SEM. data analysis was conducted using ANOVA method followed by Tukey tests in order to compare differenced among groups. According to testis histology of lamotrigine-affected group, spermatogonia destruction, spermatogonia cells' arrangement defragmenting, large vacuoles aggregation in seminiferous tubules epithelium were observed. Seminiferous tubules compression and interstitial space decrease were observed in testis of lamotrigine and melatonin compound group. Seminiferous tubules epithelial Geometric form and its arrangement were seen in a suitable condition. Morphometric and histomorphometric results of testis tissue suggested that there was a significant difference between lamotrigine group and melatonin-treated control-lamotrigine group (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Histological and Histomorphometrical Study of Intestine in Shirbot (Barbus grypus
H. Morovvati Mehdi Hadi Jafari محمود Khaksar M. MesbahIn the fish, intestine has different length according to the type of die. Since Barbusgrypus has an omnivorous diet which it’s the abundant and native fish in Khuzestan. Intestinal structures in these fishes are different from diet of carnivorous. Recognition hist MoreIn the fish, intestine has different length according to the type of die. Since Barbusgrypus has an omnivorous diet which it’s the abundant and native fish in Khuzestan. Intestinal structures in these fishes are different from diet of carnivorous. Recognition histology of the intestine in this fish can help to feed and nutritional requirement for the development of upbringing of this fish.In this study, 10 Shirbot with average weight 354.25±60.52 g and mean length of 36.25±4.16cm was chosen and after the easy drawing, the intestine are removed and the section of paraffin embedding and stained by routine histological was done about it. With Dino lite lenses and Dino capture software various parts was measured and then data were analyzedwith SPSS software and with p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Comparison of Morphometrical and Meristical Factors between Male Huso huso and Female Acipencer ruthenus and Their Hybrid
فاطمه بابایی شبنم گازرانی فراهانی مریم علیRegarding to the importance of morphometric and meristic factors of fish Categories, invironmental factors, feeding, growth and development, this research in order to scaling the morphometrics and meristics factors of Huso huso (male), Acipencer ruthenus (female) and th MoreRegarding to the importance of morphometric and meristic factors of fish Categories, invironmental factors, feeding, growth and development, this research in order to scaling the morphometrics and meristics factors of Huso huso (male), Acipencer ruthenus (female) and their hybrid in1387 in Shahid Beheshti Center (sadde Sangar) has done. In this survey 90 numbers of 3-year-old fishes were experimented to determine 10morphometric factors (total length, head length, snout length, the length of back of the eyes to opercule, snout length till barble, snout length till nostrils, snout width in site of barbel, snout width in site of mouth, snout length till spiracle and the distance between eyes) and 7 meristic factors(the numbers of rays of pectoral and dorsal fins, the numbers of left and right lateral scutes, the numbers of left and right pelvic scutes. Statistical analysis expressed that parental species and hybrid have significant variation in all morphometric and meristic factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Three species of sheath nematodes from Iran
علی اسکندری اکبر کارگربیده ابراهیم پورجمSummary-During the taxonomic studies on the nematodes of the family Criconematidae in Iran, three species of sheath nematodes, including Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus, Hemicycliophora lutosa and H. sturhani were identified from soil and root samples collected from d MoreSummary-During the taxonomic studies on the nematodes of the family Criconematidae in Iran, three species of sheath nematodes, including Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus, Hemicycliophora lutosa and H. sturhani were identified from soil and root samples collected from different fields, orchards, forests and pastures. The first species was found in rhizosphere of date palm in Kerman, walnut in Ghazvin and citrus in Bandar Abbas and Kerman; the second from soil around the roots of millet in Asalem forest and the third one from soil around the roots of wild garlic in Damghan and willow in Shahrood were collected Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Extract on Intestinal Wall Structure in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A Histomorphometric and Biochemical Study
Ali Parchami Vahid PouyapurThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ginseng root extract (Panax ginseng) on the histomorphometric and biochemical characteristics of the intestinal wall in rainbow trout. Study carried out during 60 days within 4 experiments, each with 3 replicate MoreThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ginseng root extract (Panax ginseng) on the histomorphometric and biochemical characteristics of the intestinal wall in rainbow trout. Study carried out during 60 days within 4 experiments, each with 3 replicates. In each replication 60 pcs of fry with average weight of 15gr. were randomly distributed. The experimental groups were fed with aqueous extract of P. Ginseng at 100, 150 & 200 gr./kg. diet respectively. Tissue samples from the proximal and distal segments of the intestine were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff and alcin blue stains. Results showed that by increasing the amount of ginseng up to 150 grams per 100 kg of diet, the length of the intestinal folds and the absorption area significantly increased in both the proximal and distal segments of the intestine (p < 0.05). The thickness of the muscular layer in the groups receiving ginseng did not show a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The total number of goblet cells as well as the number of acid mucus producing cells in the distal part of the intestine in the groups receiving ginseng increased significantly compared to the control (p < 0.05), but the amount of these parameters in the proximal part of the intestine did not show a statistically significant difference in the groups receiving ginseng compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The increase in the total number of goblet cells in the groups receiving ginseng in the distal part of the intestine is mainly due to the increase in the number of goblet cells producing acidic mucins in this part of the intestine, and the number of cells producing neutral and mixed mucins did not show a statistically significant difference in the groups receiving ginseng compare to the control group (p > 0.05). . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Comparing morphomeristic Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the rivers of Havigh and Shafaroud in Gilan Province
Mohammad Salavatian Keyvan Abbasi Akbar Pourgholami Moghadam Toraj Sohrabi Langroudi Hamid Abdollahpour BiriaSalmo trutta fario is a vulnerable population and usually upstream of most of the rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea and inland waters. The fish which is in the rivers of Havigh Astara and Shafaroud Rezvanshahr population and hence, respectively, 41 and 32 with a MoreSalmo trutta fario is a vulnerable population and usually upstream of most of the rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea and inland waters. The fish which is in the rivers of Havigh Astara and Shafaroud Rezvanshahr population and hence, respectively, 41 and 32 with a fishing device, electric, tour throw the hook in the years 2009 and 2010 catches and characteristics of morphometric and meristic were studied. Studied fish in the river of Shafaroud weighs 7.54 to 78.4 (29.65 ± 16.7) gr and fork length 85 to 184 (125.8 ± 22.4) mm and has weight in the river of Havigh 11.3 to 73.8 (26.17 ± 16.4) gr and fork length of 94 to 176 (121.6 ± 22.8) mm, respectively. The number of scales on the lateral line is 104 to 139, the number of scales between the adipose fin and lateral line is 14 to 19, the number of rays soft . The results show that the significant difference between the head length and head height, the length of the upper jaw, eye diameter, height maximum and minimum body height of the dorsal and anal fins, the pectoral and ventral fins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of dietary inclusion of Zataria multiflora on histological parameters of small intestine in broiler chickens
Somayeh HamediThe composition of diet can influence morphological features of intestines which may lead to changes in digestion and absorption of nutrients.The present study evaluates the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to Zataria Multiflora in broiler chickens. To t MoreThe composition of diet can influence morphological features of intestines which may lead to changes in digestion and absorption of nutrients.The present study evaluates the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to Zataria Multiflora in broiler chickens. To this end, Fifty, one-day old chickens were randomly divided into fve equal groups and fed with diets contained 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Z. multiflora (experimental groups) or basal diet (Control Group) for 40 days. At the end of the treated period, all animals were weighted and sacrifced. Small intestine was removed from the bodies immediately after death; transverse sections were successively cut with 2cm intervals and fxed in 10% buffered formalin. The sections were stained with H&E, and then studied under light microscope. Height and width of villi, depth of crypts, and width of sub-mucosal and muscular layer were measured by linear Graticule, then data were analyzed by using the ANOVA statistical test. The result showed that, villus height, crypt dept, and villus height/crypt dept ratio as well as submucosal and muscular layer width did not signifcantly changed in the experimental groups as compared to control; this indicated either the lack of any change in intestinal absorption or the weights of the experimental chickens as compared to the control. In conclution, the consumed ration of Z. Multiflora that used, could not effect on absorption ability via intestinal histological changes. Manuscript profile
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