Kermanshah province

Open Access Article

1 - The Establishment of Rural Settlements in Kermanshah Province In Relation to Faults Using GIS
zahra gholami rad kianoosh behrouzi

The emergence of human settlements, especially villages, has been based on suitable natural factors. In the world today, the gap between the findings of the humanities and their ability is increasingly growing day by day to protect people's lives and properties and the More

The emergence of human settlements, especially villages, has been based on suitable natural factors. In the world today, the gap between the findings of the humanities and their ability is increasingly growing day by day to protect people's lives and properties and the fury of nature continues to wreak havoc. Sciences themselves also contribute to the increase of these risks to some extent and new forms of danger with new effects which is caused by improper use of technology. The role of geomorphology studies and preparation of geomorphology maps are vividly important not only in rural construction but in most cases in making decisions that leads to the preparation of rural development plans. Geomorphological factors and the influence of morphogenic phenomena are forgotten and not taken into consideration. In the shadow of such studies, stable and unstable lands and their instability methods are determined with effective mechanisms .The present study examines and evaluates the settlement of 2793 rural places in connection with faults in Kermanshah province. In order to investigate these factors, accurate and powerful GIS software was used to produce and analyze maps. During this process, first the base maps were prepared, then the distribution of settlements was analyzed in relation to the fault layer and the correlation test (pearson's type) was used to determine the degree of correlation between natural factors and the distribution of settlements. The results of the correlation coefficient method show that there is a significant and strong relationship between the natural factor of the fault and the distribution of settlements in the studied area, and the distribution of the studied rural settlements is regular in relation to the environmental-ecological capabilities and limitations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Evaluation of Development of Services and Infrastructure of War Tourism in Western Iran (Case study: cities of Kermanshah province)
Heydar Lotfi

10.30495/jisds.2007.21265

War tourism is a service activity that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Human-centered tourism has caused human factors to play a very significant role in its development. Respecting the victims of wars, in particular honoring the sacrifices of commanders, s More

War tourism is a service activity that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Human-centered tourism has caused human factors to play a very significant role in its development. Respecting the victims of wars, in particular honoring the sacrifices of commanders, soldiers and even civilians who have lost their lives in war, is roughly the common denominator of all nations and cultures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the data and information of war tourism services and infrastructures in the cities of Kermanshah province. Statistics and data have been extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of 2017. The ranking of multi-criteria decision-making techniques (COPRAS) was used in the SPSS software environment. The results of the research show that according to the criteria for prioritizing the cities of Kermanshah province in terms of services and tourism infrastructure of war, Kermanshah with a score of 1 is ranked first in terms of indicators of services and tourism facilities, Islamabad Gharb with a score of 0.234 is ranked second, Ghasr-Shirin with a score of 0.115, Harsin with a score of 0.081 is in tenth place, Gilan-Gharb with a score of 0.071 points, Dalaho with a score of 0.054 in the twelfth position, Ravensar with a score of 0.046 at the thirteenth place and the Salas Baba Jani with a score of 0.028 at the fourteenth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of Development of Services and Infrastructure of War Tourism in Western Iran (Case study: cities of Kermanshah province)
Heydar Lotfi

War tourism is a service activity that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Human-centered tourism has caused human factors to play a very significant role in its development. Respecting the victims of wars, in particular honoring the sacrifices of commanders, s More

War tourism is a service activity that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Human-centered tourism has caused human factors to play a very significant role in its development. Respecting the victims of wars, in particular honoring the sacrifices of commanders, soldiers and even civilians who have lost their lives in war, is roughly the common denominator of all nations and cultures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the data and information of war tourism services and infrastructures in the cities of Kermanshah province. Statistics and data have been extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of 2017. The ranking of multi-criteria decision-making techniques (COPRAS) was used in the SPSS software environment. The results of the research show that according to the criteria for prioritizing the cities of Kermanshah province in terms of services and tourism infrastructure of war, Kermanshah with a score of 1 is ranked first in terms of indicators of services and tourism facilities, Islamabad Gharb with a score of 0.234 is ranked second, Ghasr-Shirin with a score of 0.115, Harsin with a score of 0.081 is in tenth place, Gilan-Gharb with a score of 0.071 points, Dalaho with a score of 0.054 in the twelfth position, Ravensar with a score of 0.046 at the thirteenth place and the Salas Baba Jani with a score of 0.028 at the fourteenth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Assessment and Evaluation of Development Status in Kermanshah Province with Emphasis on Regionalism Policy
Ali purmirza Rebaz Ghorbaninejad aazam yousefi Rahim sarvar

Due to the human, natural resources and geographical and political conditions of the border regions in the national development process today, local resource-based planning can be prioritized through a coordinated military plan. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the More

Due to the human, natural resources and geographical and political conditions of the border regions in the national development process today, local resource-based planning can be prioritized through a coordinated military plan. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the economic, social, environmental and cultural indicators in order to achieve the important goals of sustainable development, in the form of regionalism policy, by modeling and providing appropriate solutions. In this study, the status of development in Kermanshah province was investigated with emphasis on regionalism policy. By studying and compiling120 questionnaires containing50questions, the impact of regionalism in different dimensions was studied from the perspective of managers of 5 Kermanshah border towns. Data analysis was done by SPSS.Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis of the difference between the status quo and the ideal condition. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the two dimensions between the status quo and the ideal condition.So it can be said that there is a significant gap between the status quo and the ideal conditions for development, and this difference is shown in all dimensions as maps (GIS). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Study the main synoptic sea level pressure In freezing frost of Kermanshah province
ali hassanzadeh hooshmand ataee nader parvin amir gandomkar

Agricultural crops have damaged a lot due to the aftermath of late spring frost, and because low temperatures have damaging effects on agricultural production, it is essential to anticipate and prevent potential damages. Often, atmospheric temperatures variations are ve More

Agricultural crops have damaged a lot due to the aftermath of late spring frost, and because low temperatures have damaging effects on agricultural production, it is essential to anticipate and prevent potential damages. Often, atmospheric temperatures variations are very urgent due to the ightemperature of the systems and the plants can not adapting themselves with severe oscillations and,consequently, have been damaged. identifying the sea level equations and the late spring freezing frost of the period from 1990 to 2015. This analyze has been done to determine the times of the freezing phenomenon, determine the minimum daily temperature of 7 stations placed in Kermanshah, Hamedan and Ilam. After analyzing the data of spring frost freezing of Kermanshah province using the main component analysis technique and hierarchical clustering method ,the most common 10 patterns of late spring coldness of the areawerestudied and determined. In 10 resulting cluster, the 8 clusters are related to the high pressure pattern of Siberia. From the total 91 days of spring frost freezing in Kermanshah province (79% (72 days)) is due to the high rainfall of Siberia, 12% (11 days) is due to the Mediterranean climate and 9% (8 days) is due to the Van lake climate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Inspection of natural parameters position in eployment Of Rural Residency inKermanshah Province in accordance With Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) through GIS
Zahra Gholamirad Rad Majid Vali Shariat Panahi

Natural parameters play an extremely crucial role in the inhabitation process and ruraldissemination that’s to say some of these parameters posses even move impact upon themthan other ones .the present survey endeavors to estimate and scrutinize the deployment of2 More

Natural parameters play an extremely crucial role in the inhabitation process and ruraldissemination that’s to say some of these parameters posses even move impact upon themthan other ones .the present survey endeavors to estimate and scrutinize the deployment of2793 rural areas associated and correlated to natural parameters in Kermanshahprovince.Furthermore the survey, within its chapters has situated other factor or factorswhose roles are considered even more effective compared to other ones.Rural zonesbroadening map,also,is to be accessed through three individual categories,appropriate,modestly proper,and inappropriate.To approach and fullfill this purpose, 8 natural parameters suchas major rivers,fault,climatic elements,like precipitation,evaporation ,temprature,altitude andslope were adopted to be effectively major reasons in order for a location to be inhabited.Over this procedure,parameter maps on the basis of numerical variant wereprovided through ARC GIS10 software. Afterwards,A.H.P, was employed to measure eachindex weight for the blend of layers and target map supplies, the survey has benefitedoverlay method . most of the villages,according to what was mentioned above,havebeen resided in appropriate type, and only 2.90 percent of rural areas are located innaturally inappropriate conditions .as the issues above are noticed, its not improper toclaim there is a closely direct connection between natural parameters and locationselection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Analysis of the influence of job satisfaction dimensions on the organizational commitment; the case of experts in Agriculture-Jahad organization of Kermanshah province
Payam Memarbashi Hamideh Maleksaeidi

This survey study aimed to investigate the influence of five dimensions of job satisfaction including satisfaction with the nature of work, satisfaction with colleagues, satisfaction with promotion, satisfaction with the supervisor and satisfaction with wages on the org More

This survey study aimed to investigate the influence of five dimensions of job satisfaction including satisfaction with the nature of work, satisfaction with colleagues, satisfaction with promotion, satisfaction with the supervisor and satisfaction with wages on the organizational commitment of experts in the Agriculture-Jahad organization of Kermanshah province. Data for the study was collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the Agriculture-Jahad organization of Kermanshah province which 265 of them were selected for the study based on the Kerjesi and Morgan sampling table and through stratified random sampling method. Findings of the study indicated the effect of satisfaction with the nature of work, satisfaction with the supervisor, satisfaction with wages and satisfaction with promotion have influence on the organizational commitment. Among these, satisfaction with the nature of work had the most positive and significant effect on the organizational commitment, while satisfaction with promotion had a negative effect on the organizational commitment. Based on the findings of the study, practical suggestions were made to improve the organizational commitment of experts of Agriculture-Jahad organization of Kermanshah Province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Analysis of technical and managerial solutions to improve fuel efficiency in agricultural conversion and complementary industries in Kermanshah province
jafar yaghoubi sara poorjebrael Aliasghar mirakzadeh

10.30495/jaeer.2023.66839.10918

Agricultural transformation and supplementary industries are one of the most important rural industries. The purpose of this research was to identify technical and managerial solutions to improve fuel efficiency in the conversion and complementary industries in Kermansh More

Agricultural transformation and supplementary industries are one of the most important rural industries. The purpose of this research was to identify technical and managerial solutions to improve fuel efficiency in the conversion and complementary industries in Kermanshah province. Descriptive survey method was used in this research. A questionnaire used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of faculty member and related experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.71-0.94). Managers of agricultural transformation and supplementary industries units in Kermanshah province formed the population of this study (N=69) and 46 samples were selected using stratified random sampling. Based on exploratory factor analysis, the most important technical solutions to improve fuel efficiency in the agricultural conversion and supplementary industries of Kermanshah province was summarized in six factors including continuous updating of equipment, strengthening the use of equipment to reduce energy loss, automation of ventilation machines, technical management of systems, replacement of fuel with gas and periodical service of equipment. These factors explained 76.14 percent of the total variance of technical solutions. Management solutions to improve fuel efficiency were also summarized in four factors: investment in optimization and renovation, education and information, targeted government interventions with an optimization approach and reforming energy price policies, which explained 75.52% of the total variance of management solutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Socio-political and Economic Risks Caused by the Phenomenon of Particulate Matter as an Obstacle to Sustainable Development (The province of Kermanshah)
Saman yousefvand Shapour Salmanvandi ali qanbari barzian

10.22034/jest.2018.29411.3798

Background and Objective: For more than a decade, the southwestern provinces of Iran have encountered with the phenomenon of sand and dust storms. This phenomenon has become the most common cause of air and environmental pollution in those areas. The present research ai More

Background and Objective: For more than a decade, the southwestern provinces of Iran have encountered with the phenomenon of sand and dust storms. This phenomenon has become the most common cause of air and environmental pollution in those areas. The present research aims to examine the challenges and risks posed by this phenomenon against sustainable development. Method: This research has investigated the social, political and economic dimensions of the dust problem using a qualitative method (thematic analysis). The techniques used were semi-structured interviews and observations. In this study, 60 local people were interviewed. Findings: The findings show that dust particles not only have caused the loss of biological balance of plant species in the environment, but also they have had devastating effects on the local businesses and have caused socio-psychological and health problems and increased the cost of life for the people and the government. The phenomenon of dust can be considered as the most important factor that has reduced the objective and subjective quality of life of locals. Discussion and Conclusion: This research shows that this phenomenon has created an undesirable collection of issues in the economic, social and health fields that reproduces a polysemantic structure of poverty. In such undesirable environment, dissatisfaction with the current situation has paved the way for the collapse of the balance of the social system of the society. This kind of climate change has had a great impact on the quality of life of the people, which, on the one hand, provides a platform for distrust to the involved institutions and, on the other hand, threatens the sustainability of development in the social, economic and political dimensions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Investigating the Quantitative Trend of Land Changes in Kermanshah Province (Case Study: Gharesou and Mereg Watershed (in years 1984, 2000, and 2016))
Fatemeh Mardani Yaghouti Mehrdad Khanmohammadi Peyman Karami

10.22034/jest.2018.28911.3762

Background and Objectives:  Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and env More

Background and Objectives:  Human activities change land cover at unprecedented speeds and large spatial scales. The rapid changes in ecosystems in recent decades have been more along all the human history and have led to unprecedented changes in ecosystems and environmental performance at local, regional and global scales. This research aims to investigate the process of landscape quantitative changes in Gharesou and Mereg watersheds. Investigation method: For monitoring changes, Landsat satellite imagery of 1984 (TM), 2000 (ETM+) and 2016 (OLI-TIRS) were used. The classification was performed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Land cover was classified into seven categories. Metrics PLAND, NP (Number of Patch), PD (Patch Density), and ED (Edge Density) at the Level of Class, NP, LPI (Largest Patch Index), CONTAG (Contagion), and SHDI (Shannon's diversity index) were calculated at the level of Landscape for the study area. Results: The results indicate that the highest percentage of the land cover belongs to agricultural lands and then medium rangelands. The numbers of patches of agricultural land in the period of 1984-2004 has increased due to the conversion of rangelands to agricultural lands and then between years 2000-2016 have decreased due to the conversion to medium ranges with a lesser rate. The number of forest patches in the first period has decreased because of conversion to medium rangelands and increased during the second period. Conclusion: The study of the landscape metrics indicates the increase in continuity, the reduction of fragmentation and diversity in the first time period, and in contrast, in the second time period, continuity has decreased and fragmentation and diversity have increased. Given the fact that the process of landscape changes varies over two different periods, it can generally be noted that the fragmentation and diversity of the landscape have declined and the spatial continuity has increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Prioritizing Effective Metrics in Urban Resilient Using PROMETHEE Visual Software (case study of Kermanshah city)
Mohammad Rauf Heidarifar mahnaz hosseini siagholi esmail solimanirad

10.22034/jest.2020.32855.4067

Background and Objective: Today with all the advances in science, disasters such as earthquakes predictors are not nearly or as unavoidable as natural disasters. City of Kermanshah, due to its location, can always face dangers such as floods, earthquakes and other natur More

Background and Objective: Today with all the advances in science, disasters such as earthquakes predictors are not nearly or as unavoidable as natural disasters. City of Kermanshah, due to its location, can always face dangers such as floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters. Method: The paper study is descriptive-analytic and its purpose is to study the resilience of Kermanshah through the PROMETHEE visual software, to prioritize the effective Factors in urban Resilient, so that the elements of the Institutional - Management, Sub-structural, Physical, Social and Economical in a questionnaire. Findings: The results showed that based on a survey and interview with 42 experts, weighing the indexes and finally ranking them using the V P model. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the component ranking, region 6 with pH + 0.8333 has the highest weight and regions 1 and 2 with the weight of pH 0.2333 have the lowest priority scoring points of effective resilience criteria of Kermanshah city.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Pathology of Non- Acceptance Conservation Agriculture in Kermanshah Province by Using Paradigm Model
mosayeb gholami amir alibygi abdolhamid papzan

10.22034/jest.2020.35431.4271

Background and Objective: Problems facing the agricultural sector of Kermanshah province, such as; emissions of greenhouse gases, soil erosion, excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers have caused that in this province and there is no choice but to turn to c More

Background and Objective: Problems facing the agricultural sector of Kermanshah province, such as; emissions of greenhouse gases, soil erosion, excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers have caused that in this province and there is no choice but to turn to conservation agriculture. Despite promotional activities and programs to promote conservation agriculture, this has not been well received by farmers, and there are only a handful of farmers who use conservation agriculture. Therefore, the present study deals with the pathology of non-acceptance of conservation agriculture in Kermanshah province. Method: The research community in this research is the experts in the Agricultural conservation Office in Jihad Agricultural Organization of Kermanshah Province. Identification of the samples was done purposefully and using sampling with maximum diversity. The data gathering tool was interviewed and data analysis was content analysis and paradigm model of grounded theory. Findings: The results showed that there are countless factors that prevented farmers from accepting agricultural conservation, including factors such as lack of government support, economic and cultural problems, lack of access to equipment, etc. Discussion: Considering to findings research on the existence of supportive, economic and cultural barriers and the inability of farmers to deal with these dilemmas and problems., Therefore, it is recommended that planners and policymakers extension and develop agricultural conservation by removing barriers and holding suitable training courses and field visits to extension of agricultural conservation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Study of Snake Fauna of Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province
Maryam Malekoutian Rasoul Karamiani Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani

10.22034/jest.2019.13715

Background and Objective: Kangavar County is located in the eastern regions of Kermanshah Province. Since the herpetofauna of Kangavar County is rich, and no biosystematics studies have already been done in this region, the aim of the present study is to investigate the More

Background and Objective: Kangavar County is located in the eastern regions of Kermanshah Province. Since the herpetofauna of Kangavar County is rich, and no biosystematics studies have already been done in this region, the aim of the present study is to investigate the faunistic of snakes in this area. Method: The study area is located in the western margin of the Iranian Plateau between 34°30' N and 47°58' E. All specimens were collected from different regions of Kangavar County during the survey from 2014 to 2015 by a snake Tongs stick grabber 120 cm, and sometimes, by Hook stick. Specimens were identified according to Latifi (2000) and Leviton et al. (1992). Findings: The collected specimens represented seven species, six genera and four families including the family Colubridae: Collared Dwarf Racer Eirenis collaris, Dotted Dwarf Racer, Eirenis punctatolineatus; Dice snake, Natrix tessellata; Zebra Snake, Spalerosophis microlepis; the family Typhlopidae:Greek Blind snake, Typhlops vermicularis;thefamily Lamprophiidae: Eastern Montpellier Snake, Malpolon insignitus; and the familyViperidae:Levantine Viper, Macrovipera lebetina. Among the identified species, Malpolon insignitus is semi-venomous and Macrovipera lebetina is venomous. Discussion and Conclusion: The current study recorded seven species belonging to six genera and four families (Colubridae, Viperidae, Typhlopidae and Lamprophiidae) in Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province. The Colubridae with four species showed the highest diversity among the families represented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Optimizing Fertilizer Application in Relation to Soil Nutrients Analysis Sustaining Environment; Case Study corn Farms of Kuzaran, Kermanshah Province, Iran
Mosayeb Heshmati Parastoo Ghuchi Nasrin Karami

Corn (maize) is cultivated in several parts of irrigation lands of Iran and over application of chemical fertilizers causing environmental and human health impacts. However, soil nutrients available analysis can be improved with optimal chemical fertilizer consumption i More

Corn (maize) is cultivated in several parts of irrigation lands of Iran and over application of chemical fertilizers causing environmental and human health impacts. However, soil nutrients available analysis can be improved with optimal chemical fertilizer consumption in these farms. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil nutrients content and appropriate fertilizers application in the corn farms which was conducted in Kuzaran, west Kermanshah, Iran. Soil sampling carried out from 0-30 soil depth and subjected to soil organic carbon (SOC) content as well as availability of N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn analysis. The results showed that the mean SOC was low (1.23%) and significantly (p<0.05) correlated to all measured soil nutrients. The respective average level of N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn was 0.121, 17.00, 381, 9.71, 12.41 and0.86 mg-1 kg. The recommended consumption rates included triple super phosphate, potassium sulfate and iron, hence; these rates were not correlated with P, K and F available in the soil. Furthermore, recommended potassium sulfate input was 134 kg/ha, while soil K available was sufficient for corn crop. In contrasts, the recommended levels of Urea (418 kg/ha), manganese sulfate (32.4 kg/ha) and Zinc sulfate (54.3 kg/ha) were significantly correlated with soil N, Mn and Zn content. Thus, recommended chemical fertilizers application was not sufficiently accurate and did not follow by soil nutrients content.  For sustaining environment and human health, the consumption of chemical fertilizer particularly in corn farms should be recommended based on soil nutrient analysis and crop needs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Prioritizing tourism destination infrastructure of Kermanshah province with the GIS and SAW technique
Hossein Mousazadeh Parisa Mohammadpour Mehdi Khodadad Ebrahim Moammeri

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - An agro-climatic zoning of wheat cultivation in the Kermanshah province
Rastegar Mohamadi Javad Khoshhal Dstjerdi Daryoush Rahimi Razieh Nouri

Since the most cultivated areas allocated to dry land wheat in Kermanshah province, therefore the climatic zoning wheat cultivation seemed necessary for this province. To reach the research objectives was used the climatic data 6 synoptic stations (1989-2012) and climat More

Since the most cultivated areas allocated to dry land wheat in Kermanshah province, therefore the climatic zoning wheat cultivation seemed necessary for this province. To reach the research objectives was used the climatic data 6 synoptic stations (1989-2012) and climate data 8 climatological stations (2008-2013). Initially for analyzing and  performance steps, used  software SMADA for different distribution possibilities, selected  planting date and the best statistical distribution Then extracted map precipitation, temperature and thermal stresses  and applied   contribution of each layer in the layer zoning,  So that the highest percentage of participation is related to precipitation  The germination period With 31.5%  and the lowest percentage of participation is related to heat stress (30) degrees  Step reaching  With 8.1%. The results showed that Between Elements of climate, precipitation and temperature There are important factors of wheat cultivation in the end By combining layers To the Method Weighted overlap in ArcGIS environment, were extracted wheat climatic zoning map. The results showed that the very appropriate areas with an area of 16.7% in parts of the northwest, west and southwest, appropriate areas with an area of 14.36% in the northwest, west and southwest, the average areas  with 15.27% in the southwest, west, central, north, northeast and southeast and  poor areas with 53.64%, is located more in central and northeast. This research can be used in order to the more prominently capability of geographical information systems in the composition and production of spatial and attribute data, and help managers and decision makers to access information and provide appropriate model according to the type of crop planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Study on host range and distribution of Parasitengona mite larvae in Kermanshah province of Iran
Masoud Arbabi S. Mohamadi A. N. Mirmoayedi

Geographical distribution larvae of Parasitengona mites belonging to Erythraeina and Trombidina were investigated with collection of them from different body parts of 20 insect species for the first time in Kermanshah province. Period of mite larvae sampling conducted f More

Geographical distribution larvae of Parasitengona mites belonging to Erythraeina and Trombidina were investigated with collection of them from different body parts of 20 insect species for the first time in Kermanshah province. Period of mite larvae sampling conducted from spring till middle of autumn seasons in two years (2007-2008). The mite larvae collected from Islamabad-Gharb, Mahidasht, Ghilan-Gharb, Sarpolehzahab, Kermanshah, Cozaran, Dalaho, Harsian, Paveh, Kangavar, Homeil, Ghasershireen, Sahneh. In this study nine species belong to 4 mite families identified so far from seven species belong to three grasshopper families Acrididae (Caliptamus tenuicercis Tarbinsky,Caliptamus sp.,Tetanocera robustaLoew,), Pamphagidae (Iranotmethis persa Saussure, Nocarodes crispus Mishchenko), Tettigoniidae (Platycleis (Squamiana) squamiptera Uvarov), and Cicadidae (Cicadatia persica Kirkaldy), Buprestidae (Julodis laevicostata Gorg., J. armenica Mars), Chrysomelidae (Galeruca spectabilis Faldermann), Meloidae(Lydus sp.), Tenebrionidae (Adesmia sp., Pachyscelis sp.,Tentyria sp.), Coccinellidae, Curculionidae and some other insect such as sunn pest and butterflies. Five mite larvae are new to mite fauna in species (three) and genus (two) level. Out of 7000 insects so far collected on 14 localities, more than 85 percent of them were belong to different grasshopper species which only 7.08% of them observed associated with grasshopper number of larvae (5 individual’s larvae mite) recorded on two grasshopper species (P. squamiptera, T. robusta). All insects collected in Mahidasht observed coexistence with larvae mite among surveyed localities whereas the least of larvae mite recorded only on grasshopper in Sahneh region. Maximum geographical distribution among mite species observed for E. sepasosariani in eight regions. Maximum biological activities and abundance seen during June-August for all mite species collected in all the regions. With reference to extensive Parasitengona larvae mite distribution in pastures of Kermanshah province and their feeding effects on grasshopper, It seems that they can be natural biological control agents on grasshopper population in this province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Population fluctuation and biology of oak moth, Porthesia melania Stgr. (Lep., Lymantriidae)
E. Mohammadi A. A. Zamani Sh. Goldasteh F. Jalilian

Porthesia melania Stgr. (Lep., Lymantriidae) is the most important pest of oak trees in Kermanshah province iran and its larvae feed on upper surface of oak leaves. The population fluctuations of larvae were investigated weekly in the region, from March 2008 until April More

Porthesia melania Stgr. (Lep., Lymantriidae) is the most important pest of oak trees in Kermanshah province iran and its larvae feed on upper surface of oak leaves. The population fluctuations of larvae were investigated weekly in the region, from March 2008 until April 2009. The highest and lowest densities of larvae were observed in the late March and mid May, respectively. During summer and winter, no larvae were observed on oak leaves. The third larval stage which lasted eight months from the late July until mid March in diapauses form, was the longest life stage of the oak moth. The pupae were formed in the soil. The adults emerged gradually during 37 days in the nature. The peak of adult emergence was on 23 May. The egg hatch was started from 5 May. Female moths lay 60-140 eggs on the oak leaves. The latest eggs hatched in mid June. Investigation on biology of oak moth revealed that this pest had one generation in a year in Miandar region and overwintered as the third instar larvae. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The Simultaneous Equation Model Based on the Generalized Maximum Entropy Method for Studying the Effect of Managerial Factors on Operation of Investment of Kermanshah Province’s Productive Companies
Adel Fatemi Hamid Reza Mostafaei Behnaz Karami Farzad Nazemi

The paper aims at studying the effect of efficient economic factors on the operation of investment. Existing communications between managerial factors and economic function have been studied by simultaneous equation model based on the estimated method of Generalized Max More

The paper aims at studying the effect of efficient economic factors on the operation of investment. Existing communications between managerial factors and economic function have been studied by simultaneous equation model based on the estimated method of Generalized Maximum Entropy. Some comparisons have been also made between estimated methods of Generalized Maximum Entropy, Partial Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood Estimation on 40 productive companies of Kermanshah province. Examining the achieved consequences in the following research, the results show more advantages and fewer errors of the Generalized Maximum Entropy method in comparison with common methods of Partial Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood Estimation which are proven with more limits and errors. Consequently, this method can be a reliable and appropriate replacement for estimating factors of regression and errors in the Generalized Maximum Entropy.   Manuscript profile

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20 - The paradigmatic model of realizing the blood culture of peace in line with peace and compromise and reducing crime among ethnic groups
Ahmad Abbasi Darehbidi tayebeh zareie Maryam Mohebbipour

The phenomenon of "peace blood" is one of the methods of peace and compromise and one of the important solutions in order to reduce crime and maintain unity and cohesion among ethnic groups. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the fields of realizing t More

The phenomenon of "peace blood" is one of the methods of peace and compromise and one of the important solutions in order to reduce crime and maintain unity and cohesion among ethnic groups. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the fields of realizing the blood culture of peace in human interactions in the direction of peace and reconciliation between ethnic groups and crime reduction. The approach of interpretative-constructive research and its qualitative method is based on data theory as the foundation for data analysis. Sampling is available and among people with master's degree and above in a theoretical way due to data saturation. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 22 elites of Kermanshah province. The findings of the research included 340 primary concepts, 67 sub-themes and 18 main themes, the core category of which is "realization of the blood culture of peace" according to causal conditions (4 themes), contextual conditions (5 themes), intervening conditions (4 theme), strategies (4 themes), consequences (2 themes) were created and the final model of the research was presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Qualitative Analysis of the Challenges of Women Entrepreneurship in Cooperative Companies (Case Study: Kermanshah Province)
Bijan rezaee saba amiri.

10.30495/jwsf.2019.673385

The present study was done with the aim of qualitative analysis of women entrepreneurship challenges in cooperative companies at Kermanshah province. The research method was qualitative in the case study and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview wi More

The present study was done with the aim of qualitative analysis of women entrepreneurship challenges in cooperative companies at Kermanshah province. The research method was qualitative in the case study and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview with 23 women entrepreneurs that selected based on theoretical sampling method. Based on the results of content analysis, women entrepreneurship challenges were divided into two categories: proactive and preventive factors; The proactive factors in the selected category of "balanced and endogenous development" were categorized into two categories of land and structural factors, the most important of which were carefulness of work, interest in the field of work, utilization of the support of surrounding people, appropriate educational environment; Also, the preventive factors in the selected category of "implementation problems" include two categories of weaknesses in infrastructure and support and policy deficiencies in government and organizations. and the "selection problems" of the manufacturing sector, including categories of supply chain distribution, distribution and monitoring, that lack of suitable space, lack of Confidence in each other, the lack of government support from producers, the high level of bank profits, the failure to address production problems, the strong market fluctuations and input prices, and product harassment were the most important priorities. Finally, suggestions were made to improve women's entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Ranking Development Level of Rural Areas (Case Study: Rural Districts of Kermanshah Province)
Hossein Nazmfar Soheyla Bakhtar Saeedeh Alavi

Providing different welfare and infrastructure services, social, economic and cultural facilities are the most basic indicators in each unit of planning especially in rural areas. Therefore the present research aims to assess and analyze development levels of these indi More

Providing different welfare and infrastructure services, social, economic and cultural facilities are the most basic indicators in each unit of planning especially in rural areas. Therefore the present research aims to assess and analyze development levels of these indicators in rural districts of Kermanshah and determine the amount to them. The method of this research was applicatory in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research included 85 rural districts of 14 Kermanshah's Townships. To evaluate and rank development levels 69 variables were selected from culture village in 2011. These variables were weighted using the Shannon entropy. And multi-criteria decision VIKOR was used to analyze the data and rank and determine development level of rural districts. The findings revealed differences in development of the rural districts of the province. So among 85 villages there were 3 developed, 19 relatively developed, 33 developing, 28 relatively deprived and 2 deprived rural districts. Ultimately suggestions were presented to improve and promote development status of rural districts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Floristic study of Einolkosh area in Kermanshah
مهتاب Shahraki منیژه Pakravan یونس Asri

Einolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of th More

Einolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats of the area during growing seasons in 1385. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 156 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 27 families and 118 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (32 species), Fabaceae (27 species) and Poaceae (14species). Therophytes with 91 species (58.3%) are the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 86 species (55.1 %) belong to Irano–Turanian region. Of these, 12 species are endemics of Iran. Manuscript profile

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24 - The spatial reflections of the Iran-Iraq war on the urban network and the hierarchy of the cities of Kermanshah province based on the class-difference limit model
tahereh shahbazi Abbas Malek Hosseini

in recent years, for many reasons populated urban centers of Iran with severe spatial changes that resulted in the increase in small and medium urban imbalance in the hierarchy of the country were observed. This study examined the hierarchy of urban developments to thos More

in recent years, for many reasons populated urban centers of Iran with severe spatial changes that resulted in the increase in small and medium urban imbalance in the hierarchy of the country were observed. This study examined the hierarchy of urban developments to those in the cities of Kermanshah province during the 1976 to the 2016 war time on the urban network hierarchical province .The method of the present research was quantitative - analysis in which models of deferential class analysis, prime city index, the rank - size, ranking model modification have been used. The results showed that the distribution pattern of urban settlements in Kermanshah province was unbalanced during war which imposed imbalances to all the difference parts. It was found that Kermanshah city due to the performance of various factors have had a strong performance, and had attracted surrounding populations from  other provinces, especially in times of war as a city which was predominant caused uneven systems in the city. Therefore, in order to maintain the last balance, a phase of reallocation and redirection of functions to the neighboring cities is recommended.  Manuscript profile

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25 - Promoting Sustainable Urban Development Culture Using Information and Communication Technology in the West Urban Areas of Kermanshah Province
Mohtaram Mirzaeian to bijan rahmani

Sustainable urban development is a development that responds to the needs of the urban people, on the condition that its survival and durability is also guaranteed, and three vital elements, that is, water, soil, and air which are essential for human life do not get mir More

Sustainable urban development is a development that responds to the needs of the urban people, on the condition that its survival and durability is also guaranteed, and three vital elements, that is, water, soil, and air which are essential for human life do not get miry or be useless. The present study was conducted to introduce an operational approach to sustainable urban development by presenting a discourse for promoting the culture of sustainable urban development in the west urban areas of Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-analytic and the required information was collected in two ways of documentary-library method and field studies. To analyze the data using SPSS software, the researchers used Spearman test. The results of the study indicated that by reforming people’s attitudes and promoting the level of community culture, citizens may participate in the process of sustainable urban development with more responsibility. Moreover, information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in promoting the values and norms of sustainable urban development in the community. The lack of prioritization of views on the principle of sustainability and non-reformation of environmental-urban attitudes is one of the major challenges of the failure to achieve the culture of sustainable urban development.   Manuscript profile

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26 - Evaluate the development of the city of Kermanshah from the perspective of allocating utilities indices
Saied Amanpur Hadi Alizadeh Safeyeh Damanbagh

The research adopts " descriptive- analysis" methodology to assess the development of the14 city of Kermanshah in terms of enjoyment indicators of urban services. In this regard eight of the civil services,  namely: fire stations, public libraries, the number of pu More

The research adopts " descriptive- analysis" methodology to assess the development of the14 city of Kermanshah in terms of enjoyment indicators of urban services. In this regard eight of the civil services,  namely: fire stations, public libraries, the number of public parks, many public hospitals, the number of fueling stations, the number of universities, the number of passenger terminals and the number of agencies, have been  studied and related data were collected in Kermanshah province. The data was collected  in 2012 and has been assessed to determine status of the aforementioned indicators. For data analysis purposes, factor models featuring a class settlement, Shannon entropy index, TOPSIS model, and the coefficient of variation were used.  Research findings show the city of Kermanshah as a capital city of the province has a big difference with other cities in the province in terms of allocated utilities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Assessment of Attractions and Tourism Capacities in the Study System of Kermanshah Urban Development Plans from the Tourism Range
mohammad saleh Ahmadi Mohammadtghi Rahnamaii Esmail Aliakbari

Failure to pay attention to the city planning system has led to a weakness in tourism status in various urban development plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attractions and potentials justifying the status of tourism in the study system of urban deve More

Failure to pay attention to the city planning system has led to a weakness in tourism status in various urban development plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attractions and potentials justifying the status of tourism in the study system of urban development plans of Kermanshah province from a touristic perspective. Qualitative research methodology is the "basic theory" method and purposeful sampling (snowball). Through interviewing, identifying attractions and determining their range and eventually creating a tourism portfolio attraction portfolio matrix from urban development plans of Kermanshah province. The results indicate that, in the conceptual classification of attractions in urban development plans The province, the historical and cultural concept with the 10 most natural and ecotourism concepts, was ranked third in 7th place. The concept of architecture, physical, economic, religious, with 3 items in one class and the concept of facilities with 2 cases and the concept of treatment with one case at the lowest rate were taken. Tourist attractions based on local, regional, national and international outcomes showed that half of these attractions could be further developed and accommodated at higher levels. Based on the portfolio matrix of tourist attractions, three strategies, the development of experiences and the strengthening of marketing actions along with investment and growth strategies; for the attraction of house No. 4 and investment in the product and market; for house number 3 release and retreat in urban development plans for attractions House No. 1 was offered. Manuscript profile

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28 - Distribution zoning and severity of multidimensional poverty in Kermanshah province (Using Alkire & Foster method)
Hosain Hataminejad Mostafa Haraeeni Mohammad Sina Shahsavari hojjat allah pashapour

Introduction: Poverty is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Studies have shown that the issue of poverty is not simply related to income shortages, but also means the inability to get out of poverty.Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to inve More

Introduction: Poverty is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Studies have shown that the issue of poverty is not simply related to income shortages, but also means the inability to get out of poverty.Aim of the study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the poverty situation in a comprehensive way by Alkheimer and Foster method in Kermanshah province.Research methodology: This research is an applied type that has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this study, the dimensions of the poverty index are similar to the multidimensional poverty index of the human development reports of the United Nations Development Program and the data used in this study are taken from the general population and housing census data of the Statistics Center in 2016. The statistical population of the study includes Kermanshah province and its sub-sectors including cities, rural and urban areas.Findings and Discussion: The results show that 2.77% of the households in the province are poor and their severity of poverty (A) is equal to 2.79%. Also, the adjusted census (MO) ratio is equal to 3.93. On the other hand, the rate and severity of poverty in urban households is higher than rural households. 55.5% of urban households and 1.22% of rural households are poor. The severity of poverty in urban households is 1.63 percent and in rural households is 1.16 percent. Finally, urban and rural areas of Kermanshah province were compared based on the amount and severity of poverty.Results: According to the results of urban areas, the cities of Ravansar, Songhar, Kangavar and Hersin, which have the lowest poverty, are in the first floor. The cities of Gilan-e-Gharb, Dalahou and Thalas Babajani were located on the second floor, and Kermanshah, Islamabad, Javanroud and Sahneh were located on the third floor and the rest on the fourth floor. Manuscript profile

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29 - Ranking of Rate of The Development Parameters of Kermanshah Province Using HDI Model
moslem rostami javad daman bagh sajad naghdi

Not only does the Human Development Index (HDI) show the strengths and weaknesses of the regions under study, it can also be regarded as a suitable base for reducing regional differences and additionally, awareness of the existing disparities among regions is More

Not only does the Human Development Index (HDI) show the strengths and weaknesses of the regions under study, it can also be regarded as a suitable base for reducing regional differences and additionally, awareness of the existing disparities among regions is deemed as the most significant step for provision of appropriate strategies and increasing the success ratio of development methods and  outside-in and  inside-out planning. The present study aims to evaluate the deprivation and development pitch of the counties of Kermanshah province through calculating their Human Development Index (HDI) and displays them after classification. The required data was collected through library research and visiting the relevant organizations. The results of the study demonstrate that according to the HDI values of such counties as Salas-e Babajani with an index of 0.23, Dalahu with an index of 0.41, Jawanroud with an index of 0.48 and Qasr-e Shirin with an index of 0.49, it can be concluded that they are regarded as the deprived counties of  town of Kermanshah with an index of 0.634, Islamabad-e Gharb with an index of 0.628 and kangavar with an index of 0.58 are ranked first, second and third in this respect respectively. Overall, HDI classification shows that out of a total of fourteen Counties based in Kermanshah, five of them are underdeveloped and the nine other counties are averagely developed. There are no developed Counties in Kermanshah province on the basis of indexes under study, which shows the priority of development as well as the necessity for attaching more significance to this province in respect of development plans in line with the integrated and sustainable developments in these regions. Manuscript profile

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30 - Analysis of the human development index in Kermanshah Province
rahmatollah bahrami khalil atar

Human development can be extended to the selection process in the context of space capabilities to achieve better defined. On the other hand, "the motion of any society to achieve development, human factors. Humans are also agents of development and its ultimate goal. S More

Human development can be extended to the selection process in the context of space capabilities to achieve better defined. On the other hand, "the motion of any society to achieve development, human factors. Humans are also agents of development and its ultimate goal. So important because, nowadays, people-centered development, human development is central to the debate. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the progress of humanity, such as the circumstances of economic, cultural development framework ‌ sustainable is one of the necessities of the inevitable issues of development for each region is one? The findings indicate that improvement of this index increases life expectancy of 64/9 years to 69 years in the education index and the literacy rate for men and women from 68 percent in 1375, more than 80 percent in 1385 has increased. But in per capita income, studies show that the share of household income province to 14 percent less than the average of the country in this position 25 countries are located. Given the low wages and rising unemployment in the province, a strategic plan to improve the human development index in the province through the development budget in order to increase employment in the province of the privileged position with regard to communication and trade with Iraq, the oil-dependent industrial development due to the abundant oil resources in the province is recommended. Any gender differences in the base human development is more, gender-related development index will be lower than the human development index. Manuscript profile

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31 - تأثیر مدیریت دانش بر کارآفرینی سازمانی کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه
زهرا کرانی

امروزه، در محیط آشفته کسب و کار، سازمانها با چالشهای جدیدی نظیر پاسخ سریع به تقاضاهای جدید مشتریان، کشف فرصتهای جدید، بکارگیری فنآوریهای جدید و در حال رشد و ایجاد مزیت رقابتی روبرو هستند. مدیریت دانش و کارآفرینی سازمانی دو ابزار راهبردی هستند که سازم More

امروزه، در محیط آشفته کسب و کار، سازمانها با چالشهای جدیدی نظیر پاسخ سریع به تقاضاهای جدید مشتریان، کشف فرصتهای جدید، بکارگیری فنآوریهای جدید و در حال رشد و ایجاد مزیت رقابتی روبرو هستند. مدیریت دانش و کارآفرینی سازمانی دو ابزار راهبردی هستند که سازمانها از طریق آنها میتوانند از مزیتهای رقابتی خود در جهت کشف فرصتهای بالقوه استفاده کنند. از آنجایی که مدیریت دانش و کارآفرینی سازمانی به صورت عملی به بهود عملکرد سازمان از طریق منابع خود کمک میکنند؛ بنابراین، نه تنها با هم در ارتباطند، بلکه بر همدیگر نیز تأثیر میگذارند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت دانش بر کارآفرینی سازمانی کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل کلیۀ کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در مدیریت جهاد و مراکز خدمات کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه بودند (N=536). با استفاده از جدول نمونه گیری بارتلت و همکاران (2001)، تعداد 155 نفر از آنها به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامهای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS نسخۀ 23 انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مؤلفههای مدیریت دانش (شامل: خلق، کسب، سازماندهی، ذخیره، انتشار و کاربرد دانش) تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر کارآفرینی سازمانی کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در استان کرمانشاه داشتند. Manuscript profile

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32 - مقایسه رفتار کشت محصول سالم بر اساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناسی(مطالعه موردی: بهره برداران روستایی استان کرمانشاه در ایران)
مرضیه معرف alireza poursaeed roya eshraghi hamed chaharsoghi amin

با افزایش جمعیت روزافزون جهان ، تأمین غذای مورد نیاز جامعه بشری با محدودیت های جدی روبرو است ، این امر به دو دلیل باعث شده است که کشاورزان از سموم دفع آفات و سموم شیمیایی استفاده کنند: اول افزایش تولید و دوم مبارزه با آفات گیاهی .استفاده از سموم و کودهای شیمیایی افراد ر More

با افزایش جمعیت روزافزون جهان ، تأمین غذای مورد نیاز جامعه بشری با محدودیت های جدی روبرو است ، این امر به دو دلیل باعث شده است که کشاورزان از سموم دفع آفات و سموم شیمیایی استفاده کنند: اول افزایش تولید و دوم مبارزه با آفات گیاهی .استفاده از سموم و کودهای شیمیایی افراد را در معرض خطر بیشتری قرار داده است. کشت محصولات ایمن راهی برای مبارزه با این مشکل است. در مطالعه حاضر ، پژوهشگر رفتار کشت محصولات سالم را بر اساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی مقایسه کرده است. این تحقیق یک مطالعه غیر آزمایشی از نوع کمی ، پس رویدادی(تحقیق علی - مقایسه ای) است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 80304 نفربهره بردار روستایی استان کرمانشاه بود که 385 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. به دلیل پراکندگی جامعه آماری ، 400 پرسشنامه از طریق نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای بین کاربران توزیع شد.نتایج نشان داد که بین میانگین نمرات رفتاربهره برداران در خصوص کشت محصولات سالم در استان کرمانشاه بر اساس متغیرهای شرکت در کلاسهای آموزشی - ترویجی ، الگوی نقش ، سن ، سابقه کار، سطح تحصیلات و درآمد ماهانه ، تفاوت معنی داری وجود دارد. فقط متغیرهای تاهل و جنسیتی تفاوت معنی داری با رفتار کشت محصول سالم نداشتند. با برگزاری کلاسهای ترویجی در این زمینه و معرفی کشاورزان نمونه و موفق به عنوان الگو و دادن پاداش مالی به آنها می توان به موفقیت هایی در زمینه کشاورزی سالم دست یافت.دولت و سازمان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی در دستیابی به این موفقیت نقش بسزایی دارند Manuscript profile

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33 - Determining Comparative Advantages of Corn in Optimal Cultivation Pattern
Samaneh Abedi Gholam Reza Peykani Mohammad Kavoosi Kalashami

The purpose of this study is to investigate comparative advantages of corn in comparison with other competitor crops. To do so, Linear Programming, to 2004-2005 data related to classic index (DRC) in Kermanshah province was applied. Results showed that corn has comparat More

The purpose of this study is to investigate comparative advantages of corn in comparison with other competitor crops. To do so, Linear Programming, to 2004-2005 data related to classic index (DRC) in Kermanshah province was applied. Results showed that corn has comparative advantages in all regions of Kermanshah province while in optimal cultivation pattern of 37.5 percentages of regions in existence of rotation and 50 percentages of regions in lack of rotation, corn acreage has been increased. In addition, comparing optimal cultivation pattern resulted from linear programming models with crops ranking based on comparative advantage indices indicated that, resources availability and limitations, tradable and non-tradable inputs costs and yield will lead to shift in production’s comparative advantage from one crop to another. Factors such as supporting policies and rotation might also have effects on comparative advantages and optimal cultivating pattern. Manuscript profile

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34 - Identifying the dimensions and components of resilience from the perspective of managers of governmental organizations in Kermanshah province
mokhtar hedari Gholamali tabarsa Gholamali tabarsa

The term resilience in order to strengthen organizations has attracted the attention of many researchers. Organizational resilience to crises has been one of the most important theoretical and practical concepts in the management and organizational literature in recent More

The term resilience in order to strengthen organizations has attracted the attention of many researchers. Organizational resilience to crises has been one of the most important theoretical and practical concepts in the management and organizational literature in recent years. Today, despite the importance of resilience and its widespread use in various fields related to organizational resilience, there is a limited theoretical and practical understanding in its evaluation and measurement. The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions and components of organizational resilience. The research method is qualitative-quantitative. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study includes government managers who have at least 10 years of experience. In order to sample in the qualitative part of the theoretical saturation method and in the quantitative part based on the number of extracted components, the number of samples was determined. The results indicate that resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province includes components; Values are planning, organizing, coordinating, learning, agility and cost control. In the quantitative part, the results of structural equations showed that the dimensions and components of resilience in organizational government organizations have a good fit. Manuscript profile

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35 - Effects of Topographic Factors on Carbon Sequestration in Astragalus Gossypinus (Case Study of Bazan Region, Kermanshah Province)
Ahmad Choupanian Mohammad Gheitury Mosayeb Heshmati Khadijed Mahdavi Mohammad Mahdavi

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36 - Modeling the Development of Organizational Entrepreneurship in Government Organizations (Case study: Social Security Organization)
Moein Soleimani abdolkarim fatahi

In the present study, the phenomenon of intrapreneurship in the Social Security Organization of Kermanshah province has been investigated. The prevailing approach of the research was mixed that in the qualitative part, the systematic approach of the Grounded Theory meth More

In the present study, the phenomenon of intrapreneurship in the Social Security Organization of Kermanshah province has been investigated. The prevailing approach of the research was mixed that in the qualitative part, the systematic approach of the Grounded Theory method was used and in the quantitative part, the survey method was used. Sampling method and data collection tool in the purposeful qualitative part of the snowball with a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part a whole number with a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative part of the research, the categories and the average ranking of the categories of the phenomenon of intrapreneurship in the Social Security Organization of Kermanshah province are as follows: Causal conditions include human capital prone to self-fulfillment (2.97), the need to develop a forward-looking vision (2.83), the need to improve the financial performance (2.13) and increasing the size of the organization (2.07); Background conditions include dynamic organizational structure (1.43 and intrapreneurship culture (1.57); Facilitating intervening conditions include management support for intrapreneurship behaviors (2.17), supportive leadership style of influencers (2.28) and the existence of appropriate infrastructure and organizational resources (1.55); Restrictive intervening conditions including laws and policies governing government organizations (1/72), organizational conflict (2/07) and organizational control (2/22); Strategies include formulation of support for entrepreneurial behaviors (5/63), improving incentive and reward systems (5/20), planning to balance organizational conflict (5/40), developing a problem-solving system (5/33), improving continuous entrepreneurial characteristics of employees and managers (5/55), improvement of the research and development system (3/63), management of resistance to change (5/67), improvement of organizational communication (4/27) and suitability of performance evaluation planning with entrepreneurial activities (4/02); The results include improving the organization's social capital (1.49) and productivity and achieving the organization's goals (1.51). At the end, operational measures were suggested for the development of intrapreneurship. Manuscript profile

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37 - The effect of the antecedent of the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystem on the consequences of health tourism in Iran (Case study: Kermanshah province)
Nahid Jalilian Bijan Rezaei Ali Badizadeh

Health tourism is almost a new topic today, and developed and developing countries are investing in it as a new source of income, and Iran has a high potential in this, both because of its medical facilities and because of regional conditions and neighboring countries. More

Health tourism is almost a new topic today, and developed and developing countries are investing in it as a new source of income, and Iran has a high potential in this, both because of its medical facilities and because of regional conditions and neighboring countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the background of the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystem on the consequences of health tourism in Iran. The statistical population of the study is 94 people active in the field of health tourism in Kermanshah province, of which 75 people were selected as a statistical sample. This research has been carried out with the method and paradigm of proof of belief and deductive approach by survey method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on experts' opinions and the construct validity was confirmed based on confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. For data analysis, the structural equation model with PLS method was used with the help of Smart-PLS software, the results of which show that the background of entrepreneurial ecosystem formation is effective on ecosystem formation. The formation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem has an impact on the consequences of health tourism. Also, regional business dynamics in Kermanshah province affect the consequences of health tourism. Finally, regional business dynamics play a moderating role in the relationship between the formation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the consequences of health tourism. Manuscript profile

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