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Open Access Article
1 - Introduction and Testing of the Application of a Risk-Based Model in Operational Auditing
H. R. Vakilifard M. SalahinejadThe main objective of this dissertation is the introduction of a risk-based model for operationalauditing and testing its application in solving problems such as amount of fee, verification timeallocation and planning of an operational audit engagement. The Government A MoreThe main objective of this dissertation is the introduction of a risk-based model for operationalauditing and testing its application in solving problems such as amount of fee, verification timeallocation and planning of an operational audit engagement. The Government Audit Organizationstandards on risk concept, evidence and materiality are applied in the introduced model. The riskbasedmodel, as a tool of planning, assists the auditors in proceeding to an acceptable assurance level.The introduced model is applied in seven audit engagement and collected data from those engagementare compared with 10 audit engagement performed by Audit Organization during 2001 to 2007 andeffectivness, efficiency and economy of the model is measured. Effectiveness is defined as theaccomplished results, efficiency is defined as the way that results are accomplished and economy isdefined as the reduction of cost of the engagements.This research is qualitative, application oriented and based on constructivism philosophy . Theapproach of the research is deduction- induction and the strategy of the study is action research. Timehorizon of research is longitudal. In order to test the hypothesis , essential data is collected by likertquestionnaire and verification evidence of audits files. In this research SPSS NO.13 and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests are used.The results of the study confirms following the hypothesis of the dissertation as follows:Using risk – based model increase the acceptable level of assurance, acceptable level of materialityand facilitates the preparation of the budget on the basis of the standards of operational auditingprocess.Using the risk- based model increases the efficiency index of "number of deficiencies / number ofteams member" and "number of offers / number of teams member" in operational auditing process.Using the risk- based model decreases the economy index of " actual hours / budgeted hours " inoperational auditing process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analyzing the reasons for unpopularity of ATM cards in Tehran and introducing an appropriate framework to increase the use of these cards
D. Venus M. Mokhtaran The main purpose of the survey is to analyze why ATM cards are not so welcomed, and also tomaintain and increase the number of the users of such cards. The theoretical framework of theresearch is based on Marketing Mix of (7P) services and according to this, seven More The main purpose of the survey is to analyze why ATM cards are not so welcomed, and also tomaintain and increase the number of the users of such cards. The theoretical framework of theresearch is based on Marketing Mix of (7P) services and according to this, seven (7) hypotheseshave been presented and appropriate statistical analyses have been conducted to confirm or rejectthe hypotheses.The research is a descriptive survey.The statistical population consists of the users and non-usersof ATM cards in Tehran during 1382, and by distributing 400Questionnaire between the visitors of the bank, a sample of 120 subjects of non-users and anothersample of 140 subjects of users have been classified .Cronbach Alpha quotient has been used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, whichwas %84 .Median test, Mean intensity, One way analysis, Cruscal-Wallis, Friedman, Scheffe havebeen used to test the hypotheses. According to the result of the statistics, variable of Process wasgraded the first, variable of Place and Personnel were graded the second, variable of Product gradedthe third. variable of Price graded the forth, and variable of Promotion and Physical evidencegraded the fifth, and accordingly, an example has been introduced which presents the appropriatesolution for the use of Iran’s Banking system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Role and Value of Written and Electronic Documents in the Legal System Iran
Jafar Jamali Afshin RazaghiOne of the important evidence proving the claims in legal document. The document has been providing various definitions in the sciences and in other words, this concept is considered from the perspective of different sciences. In law as well as the traditional con MoreOne of the important evidence proving the claims in legal document. The document has been providing various definitions in the sciences and in other words, this concept is considered from the perspective of different sciences. In law as well as the traditional concept of document ins 1284 of the Civil Code defines which means any written document that is referred to as the fight or disposal. This concept is true in the case of written documents. But with the development of communications technology and the development of e-commerce transactions and Internet Treaties, the concept store documents for a new phenomena Evidence was introduced. Special documents to electronic documents in the system is evidence of the important issues of law. Especially with the adoption of e-commerce law and the position of the law, raising these issues is crucial. Role of Probative value and because of its ensuring the efficiency of judges Of course it can be said that the legislative purpose of the probative value of particular cases proving some cases is known only through some possible reasons In the case of official documents by the official document on the legal goodwill with goodwill and included in the contract to pay its share is about creating the right legal conditions and the type of sheet is in stock. Electronic document refers to data that is the message and the message considered normal that the document is normal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Spatial Layout Effect on the Restorative Quality of the Inpatient Ward Environment
Sareh Nikabadi Hossein Zabihi Azadeh ShahcheraghiIntroduction: The study focused on examining the role of the spatial layout of hospital rooms on improving patients' outcomes with an interdisciplinary approach based on data science. Methods: The present research was mixed-method and done through coding in the Python MoreIntroduction: The study focused on examining the role of the spatial layout of hospital rooms on improving patients' outcomes with an interdisciplinary approach based on data science. Methods: The present research was mixed-method and done through coding in the Python programming environment. The research data included demographic characteristics, patients' history, and environmental characteristics collected through the health information system of the hospital (HIS) and field observation. This was a cross-sectional done in 2019 with a sample volume of 330 patients in the Omid hospital. Data correlation was measured by drawing a Heat map and chi-square test with a significant level of (α <0.05). The data clustering was done using the Cluster map. Results: According to the Chi-squared test results, two environmental characteristics including the number of beds and the view of windows were correlated with the length of hospital stay (LOS). According to the Heat map, the rooms' distance from the nursing station and the ward entrance with the correlation values of 0.69 and 0.76, respectively, compared with the size of the rooms with a correlation value of 0.5 was more correlated to the LOS. The effect of the room length compared to width was greater with 0.52 and 0.48 values, respectively. Either right or left-handedness of the rooms and the beds' distance of the window, did not correlate significantly with LOS. Conclusion: The results confirmed the effect of rooms' spatial layout on patients' recovery. This research was a step in the development of evidence-based design (EBD). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Status of Management Based on Economic Evaluation Evidence in the Pharmaceutical Field of the Health System of Iran and Selected Countries: a Comparative Study
Abolfazl Aliyari Shaghayegh vahdat soad mahfoozpour Hossein Moshiri tabriziIntroduction: Nowadays, at the international level, it is necessary to use evidence in decision-making in the field of policy and planning of the health and medicine sector, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of management based on MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, at the international level, it is necessary to use evidence in decision-making in the field of policy and planning of the health and medicine sector, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of management based on economic evaluation evidence in the field of medicine in the health system of Iran and selected countries. Methods: This research is a comparative study that was conducted in 1401. The sampling was purposeful and the countries of Australia, England, Germany and Canada were compared in terms of the components of using evidence in the economic evaluation of the drug field. To collect data, reliable databases and other related sources were used in the field of the research topic. The findings were compared in the form of a comparative table. Results: The findings showed that producing and extracting evidence is mandatory in Canada, England and Australia and optional in Iran and Germany. Also, except for Australia and Canada, in other countries, evidence is not used to add drugs to the drug list. Also, there are standards and frameworks for producing evidence in all countries except Iran. Conclusion: The results showed, designing an integrated model to reduce work parallelism, developing communication with research centers, determining principles and regulations for the production and application of evidence, strengthening the leadership, management and supervision of the health system in accordance with the state of the country and other countries with similar conditions are proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analyzing the Reasons for Unpopularity of ATM Cards and Introducing an Appropriate Framework to Iincrease the Use of These Cards
D. Venus M. MokhtaranThe main purpose of the survey is to analyze why ATM cards are not so welcomed, and also to maintain and increase the number of the users of such cards. The theoretical framework of the research is based on Marketing Mix of (7P) services and according to MoreThe main purpose of the survey is to analyze why ATM cards are not so welcomed, and also to maintain and increase the number of the users of such cards. The theoretical framework of the research is based on Marketing Mix of (7P) services and according to this, seven (7) hypotheses have been presented and appropriate statistical analyses have been conducted to confirm or reject the hypotheses. The research is a descriptive survey.The statistical population consists of the users and non-users of ATM cards in Tehran during 1382, and by distributing 400. Questionnaire between the visitors of the bank, a sample of 120 subjects of non-users and another sample of 140 subjects of users have been classified . Cronbach Alpha quotient has been used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, which was %84 .Median test, Mean intensity, One way analysis, Cruscal-Wallis, Friedman, Scheffe have been used to test the hypotheses. According to the result of the statistics, variable of Process was graded the first, variable of Place and Personnel were graded the second, variable of Product graded the third. variable of Price graded the forth, and variable of Promotion and Physical evidence graded the fifth, and accordingly, an example has been introduced which presents the appropriate solution for the use of Iran’s Banking system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - ascertainment of excuse and impossibility of the principal witness: Rule-making condition for accepting hearsay evidence
M.Amin Maleki ali keshavarz alireza asgariHearsay evidence, including alternatives to evidence of substantiation and and from the background of legal testimony, which the provisions of 1320 of the Civil Code and 231 of the Civil Procedure Law are subject to acceptance. In the legal system of Iran, following the MoreHearsay evidence, including alternatives to evidence of substantiation and and from the background of legal testimony, which the provisions of 1320 of the Civil Code and 231 of the Civil Procedure Law are subject to acceptance. In the legal system of Iran, following the jurisprudence and signification of the words of the jurists, the following arguments were fixed but due to the plurality of expression in this field, it is essential to explain and respond to these issues. The authenticity of in Shi''''a and Sunni jurisprudence also indicates its development. In Sunni jurisprudence, the development of hearsay evidence is martyred. In Shiite and Sunni jurisprudence, the only difference is the acceptance of the hearsay evidence, the precaution and attention to the religious provisions that it is not acceptable , Which is mentioned in Sunni jurisprudence And only in al-Maliki''''s jurisprudence is the authenticity of hearsay evidence in your everyday affairs. Hence, the development of more than a tradition for hearsay evidence which is not accepted in Islamic law.Also in the context of the restricted of Hearsay evidence, the criterion in Sunni jurisprudence is the torment of presence But in Shi''''a jurisprudence it is a hardship to testify. The specific approach of this study is to examine the proper criteria for the hearsay evidence and to circumvent legal liability in accepting hearsay evidence as one of the alternative evidence of substantiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The feasibility of the scientific evidence of the execution of Qasama in the certification of criminal cases
Samaneh Alavi Seyed Javad KhatamiKasameh is one of the proofs of the criminal case used in the courts, and the scientific evidence is based on the development of in-house technology of the judge in science. This descriptive-analytical paper, combined with documentary and library data collection, seeks MoreKasameh is one of the proofs of the criminal case used in the courts, and the scientific evidence is based on the development of in-house technology of the judge in science. This descriptive-analytical paper, combined with documentary and library data collection, seeks to answer the following questions that today, given that people often swear by the facts, do not use the passage And where is the proof of retribution, where is the rule of law for the accused? Is it possible to substitute scientific proof for the sake of caution in temperature and population? And finally, it turns out that given the length of the evidence to prove each other's criminal claims, one can use the scientific evidence and the credible results that are within the judge's knowledge, which is then the case. The measure will not be reached and the precautionary principle in temperature and population will also apply to the accused Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Study of Social Factors Influencing Customer Shopping Experience as a Predictor of Store Loyalty: Moderating Role of Physical Evidence
Kamal Ghalandari Karim Hamdi Maryam Khalili AraghiPresent research aims to investigate social factors influencing customer shopping experience as a predictor of store loyalty with respect to moderating role of physical evidence, in order to determine which factors drive shoppers to gain more experience than others and MorePresent research aims to investigate social factors influencing customer shopping experience as a predictor of store loyalty with respect to moderating role of physical evidence, in order to determine which factors drive shoppers to gain more experience than others and what type of actions are taken following that experience. A group of sociologists have argued that human emotional experience results from his/her social meaning and thoughts, cognitions, attitudes, and beliefs are inseparably intertwined with emotions. To this end, we tested the research hypotheses using a quantitative approach on a group of 385 shoppers in Refah chain stores of Urmia city. Data was collected using questionnaires and results from data analysis via Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that among social factors, customer orientation and respect, being honest with customer, patience, physical attractiveness and product knowledge of sales staff had the greatest effect on in-store customer shopping experience. Also, the moderating factor of physical evidence enhanced the effect of social factors on in-store customer shopping experience and respecting the fact that the effect size was higher than 35%, it is concluded that it was a factor with strong effect. Also, the results from bootstrap and Sobel test both showed that the indirect effect of retail environment social factors on positive word-of-mouth and revisit intention through in-store customer shopping experience was statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Ibn Sina on Causality and the Epistemological Role of Sense in it
Fatemeh Ramezanidiscussion about epistemology realm includes the quality of humanunderstanding of causality, evidence of causation, causation arguments,and the role of sense in emergence of causation, correlation betweencausation and experience, recognizing the necessity of cause and e Morediscussion about epistemology realm includes the quality of humanunderstanding of causality, evidence of causation, causation arguments,and the role of sense in emergence of causation, correlation betweencausation and experience, recognizing the necessity of cause and effect,and so on. Avicenna has great part in explanation, and addressingepistemological questions of causality. Presenting two philosophicaland psychological explanations, he satisfied many gaps in cognitivecausality. One of the most important points of epistemic causality is thecorrelation between sense and causality, and Avicenna considered theseissues and has spoken much about it. Abu Ali, introduced causality asthe interactive product of sense and reason, and he believed that reason,in the pursuit of the concept of causality is dependent on feeling, and inthe verification of causality, is independent. Presenting a psychologicalanalysis of causation, and coupling it with rational deduction based onthe refusal of contradictions, he seeks to explain the essentialrelationship between cause and effect. Offering a Avicenna'sexplanation from causation, this paper seeks for determining theepistemic role of sense in causation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A stutdy of climatic changes of late quaternary with using geomarpholgical evidence in Neor basin
رسول SamadzadehTalesh mountains because of being located near caspian sea is one of the humid areas of iran, this charactristic due to the climatic changes followed by predominance of glacial and interglacial periods during the quaternary has led to dominance of different erosion real MoreTalesh mountains because of being located near caspian sea is one of the humid areas of iran, this charactristic due to the climatic changes followed by predominance of glacial and interglacial periods during the quaternary has led to dominance of different erosion realms in different altitudes of these mountains. The most important legacg of these changes in the Neor trough include :lake terraces, lake sediments ,alluvial fan,and fault trough,which are affected by nivation process during the cold seasons and by are eroded by fluvial during warm seasons. In this paper we will study the geomorphological evidence for identification and reconstruction of paleoclimate in Neor basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Evidences of Pleistocene glacial geomorphology in the northern slope of Khashchal mountain (western Alborz)
Jalilaldin Sorour Nima Farid MojtahediIdentification and study of geomorphological heritage an important role to representthe trend of last climate chamges in a region. In this research using, topograph,geology maps and field evidences of glacial geomorphology in khashchal mountainnorthern slope is detected MoreIdentification and study of geomorphological heritage an important role to representthe trend of last climate chamges in a region. In this research using, topograph,geology maps and field evidences of glacial geomorphology in khashchal mountainnorthern slope is detected. Detecd evidence are Glacial erasionablation landform like,glacial cirques, glacial valley and Glacial deposits Include glacial moraine. Resultshow during Pleistocene period, climate in northern slope of khashchal mountain hadlower temperature and probably with more precipitation in compare to recent climate.Erasion and morphogenes glacial processes have been active. While nowdaysevidence showing because of high evelation and precipitation and temperaturesituation in region, subglacial morphogenes process (freezing and melting)dominate inthe region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Designing and explaining the pattern of formation of evidence-based policies in the field of attracting and retaining professional employees of Iran's aviation industry (mixed approach)
hesam ghorbanali morteza mosakhani Karamollah DaneshfardAbstract This research was done with the aim of designing and explaining the pattern of formation of evidence-based policies in the field of attracting and retaining professional employees. This research is applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of approach, MoreAbstract This research was done with the aim of designing and explaining the pattern of formation of evidence-based policies in the field of attracting and retaining professional employees. This research is applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of approach, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data analysis. In the qualitative phase of the research, a group of experts, including university professors and experienced consultants in the field of human resources management, as well as senior managers of human resources in Iran's aviation industry, were considered as the statistical population. In this phase, 11 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The main tool of data collection in the qualitative phase of the research was in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts. In the qualitative phase of the research, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed based on the theme analysis method. In the quantitative phase, all senior managers of Iran's aviation industry were considered as the population, and among them, 108 people were selected as a statistical sample based on simple random sampling. In the quantitative phase of the research, a closed and researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 27 items was used as the main tool for data collection. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire was checked and confirmed in different ways. In the quantitative phase of the research, SPSS and Lisrel software were used to perform descriptive and inferential analyses. Finally, the research results led to the design of a multi-pronged model for the formation of evidence-based policies in the field of recruiting and retaining professional employees. This model includes three main tentacles including witnessing, technical and political, each of these tentacles also includes subcategories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Traditions and Qur'anic Research on the Evidence for the Freedom of E-Commerce Contracts
amir ahmadiAccording to the principle of freedom of contract, any commercial contract that is not contrary to Sharia and law is valid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity and validity of the evidence of e-commerce contracts and to clear up any ambiguities in t MoreAccording to the principle of freedom of contract, any commercial contract that is not contrary to Sharia and law is valid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity and validity of the evidence of e-commerce contracts and to clear up any ambiguities in this area. In this research, I will first state the Tradition. Then, we will examine the general Qur'anic evidences and the meaning of the verses that have been mentioned regarding the sale, trade, and lawful and unlawful businesses, and I will explain the naming and generalization of these verses. Examining the requirements of the principles as the third reason and the requirements of the rational structure as the fourth reason for the legitimacy of electronic contracts has not gone unnoticed. From this research, it can be concluded that according to the above reasons, e-commerce contracts are legitimate and are accepted by the legislature and human societies. Also, directing e-commerce rules to dynamic jurisprudence to remove doubts between the parties to the contract is one of the achievements of this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Study and analysis of literary aspects in the interpretation of the Qur'an (Case study: Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Azeem Ibn Kathir)
mojtaba Torkashvand jahanger amiri mohammadnabi ahmadi shahryar hemmatiInterpretation as expressing meaning and uncovering verses reasons has been one of the oldest concerns of Islamic scholars. Quranic sciences scholars have required interpreters to have a good command of literary sciences like word, morphology, syntax, derivation and rhe MoreInterpretation as expressing meaning and uncovering verses reasons has been one of the oldest concerns of Islamic scholars. Quranic sciences scholars have required interpreters to have a good command of literary sciences like word, morphology, syntax, derivation and rhetoric. Literary sources, among interpretation sources, have a significant role in a correct understanding of verses. Literary sources mean vocabulary and Arab literature texts helping interpreter understand lexical meaning or syntactic and rhetoric structure of verses. The sources, comparing others, have a preceding position, since without understanding vocabulary and structures governing Quranic literature, the first step in understanding does not occur. The famous interpreter and narrator of Shafii in 8th century and the writer of “Tafseer-e Ghorἀn-e Azim”, Ibn-e-Kaseer, having a narrative interpretation of verses, benefited from his own literary knowledge. The writer of this descriptive-analytic article has tried to study “how” and “how much” the interpreter benefits from literary aspects (morphology, syntax, rhetoric and literary concepts) in the explanation of verses. The results of the study showed that in the explanation of the verses, he has used literary aspects in a variety of ways including; expressing dependent ideas referring to reliable poetic evidences or other scholar’s literary ideas criticism or direct quotation of ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Multivalent and precise verses and experts in knowledge from Imam Ali's point of view
Reza Rostami Zadeh Majid KhazaieMultivalent and precise verses are among the most important issues in Quranic subjects which have always been a matter of dispute and argument by Islamic scientists and interpreters; almost twenty different ideas and views about the concept and evidence of Quranic multi MoreMultivalent and precise verses are among the most important issues in Quranic subjects which have always been a matter of dispute and argument by Islamic scientists and interpreters; almost twenty different ideas and views about the concept and evidence of Quranic multivalent and precise verses and the position of experts in knowledge have been offered: some of them can be criticized and some are similar or the same. The present article tries to study the background of the abovementioned subjects shortly and provide the Islamic scientists' as well as ImamAli's view about multivalent and precise verses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Human civilizations from the perspective of the Holy Quran
ali zakeriAbstract The civilization we are the inheritors today is the result of thousands of years of labor in different nations, and each has been in charge of keeping the torch of civilization for a short or long time, and has handed the helm to another, and according to the MoreAbstract The civilization we are the inheritors today is the result of thousands of years of labor in different nations, and each has been in charge of keeping the torch of civilization for a short or long time, and has handed the helm to another, and according to the poet everyone came to build a new building, and after a while became the stage for the artist and the other roles. What man has been missing in all times is the true meaning of eternal bliss that is the purpose of the creation of man in the Qur'anic teachings. Recognition the factors of backwardness of Islamic civilization can be of the main tasks of the researchers in the society and the introduction to re-conquest the lofty peaks of human civilization. In this article we have tried to introduce these civilizations briefly and to express the attitude of the Qur'an towards the concept and evidence of the true civilization, and to practice the teachings of the Koran, the human-making civilization of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigating the authenticity in the Thematic Realm of Accepting Hearsay evidence in the Analysis of the Iranian Legal System and Sunni Jurisprudence
Alireza Asgari Seyyed Mahdi Mirdadashi Ali keshavarzIn the Iranian legal system, the authenticity of Hearsay evidence (secondary testimony), in situations where the presence of original witness is not possible, has been established in 1320 CL and Article 231 of the CPL. Because there are multiple statements in Shi'ah and MoreIn the Iranian legal system, the authenticity of Hearsay evidence (secondary testimony), in situations where the presence of original witness is not possible, has been established in 1320 CL and Article 231 of the CPL. Because there are multiple statements in Shi'ah and sunni, it is essential that their differences be explained and answered. The authenticity of Hearsay evidence in Shi'ah jurisprudence is evident from its developmental approach in the context of Imami jurisprudence and the law. In Sunni jurisprudence, the development of evident Hearsay evidence has been accompanied by miscellaneous and incoherent statements. In Shafi'i jurisprudence, the excuse rule that causes acceptance is the absence, which Sunni scholars have interpreted it as a long absence or death of an original witness. In the Hanafi jurisprudence, without obtaining criteria, juristic preference is the most substantial basis for accepting Hearsay evidence that does not provide clear criteria. In al-Maliki's jurisprudence, unlike others, ijtihad is performed against the text, and they do not consider any subject for the Hearsay evidence, because they consider it is in all matter. The findings of this study indicate that there is no unity of opinion in the Iranian legal system and Sunni jurisprudence in the field of the subject, the only exception is the attestation for the Hearsay evidence and its criteria of acceptance is due to excuses attestation to. Therefore, this study aims to research the right elements of Sharia principles of testimony on testimony and to transition from the emergence of Intellectual rigidity in the acceptance of Hearsay evidence as one of the alternative arguments for litigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Polygamy in the Eyes of Feraqayn
نیره محمدعلی ابراهیم سید محمد مهدی احمدی محمدحسین ایراندوستPolygamy is included among the rules and has been recognized by Islamic legal system. The ruling has been predicted for supporting the women having no husband. Quantitative limitations in polygamy and other conditions indicate an expedient and realistic approach for its MorePolygamy is included among the rules and has been recognized by Islamic legal system. The ruling has been predicted for supporting the women having no husband. Quantitative limitations in polygamy and other conditions indicate an expedient and realistic approach for its forgery. Hence, since long Sunni and Imamiyya jurisprudents looked into it by citing verses, narrations and general agreement and have elucidated its legitimacy; in the meantime, it has been disagreed as well. Also, jurisprudents of Feraqayn (sects) by referring to verses recognize condition of justice and financial ability as justified conditions in order to make polygamy happen. Therefore, the article writers elucidating evidence for legitimacy of polygamy in Feraqayn as well as evidence given by those against it deal with condition of justice and affordability as the most fundamental conditions of legitimat polygamy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Evidence-based phytotherapy: what, why and how?
Satyajit d. Sarker Lutfun Nahar -
Open Access Article
21 - Evidences Of colord lights in letters Of najmoddin-e kobras students
Behrooz Romiyani Masoomeh BakhshizadehIn each styles , school and period , though and special tendency see wich finally, that school or style distinguish other school. Among students of Kobravie's school, see special kind of steps evidences wich limited to this sect and branced sects. Evidencs is a kind MoreIn each styles , school and period , though and special tendency see wich finally, that school or style distinguish other school. Among students of Kobravie's school, see special kind of steps evidences wich limited to this sect and branced sects. Evidencs is a kind of the mysticism excite discussion,in addition to. that is confront with differences and contrast. This differences in influenced by point of view on groups of sufis.One of kinds of evi dences isevidence of colord light that propound by students of Kobravie school ;of cours they following najmoddin kobra,Kobravie's leader. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A New Way of Proving the Content of Personal Unity of Existence
Vahid Vahed Javan Ali Ghasemi Sajad NikkhooMystics have attempted to prove the theory of "unity of existence" (waḥdat al-wujūd), which is the basis of mysticism, and they have presented various reasons. This paper seeks to elaborate on the meaning and content of the unity of existence in mysticism in order to r MoreMystics have attempted to prove the theory of "unity of existence" (waḥdat al-wujūd), which is the basis of mysticism, and they have presented various reasons. This paper seeks to elaborate on the meaning and content of the unity of existence in mysticism in order to represent a new method in proving the theory of the unity of existence according to the mystics' evidence. This research includes five steps to demonstrate all the content of the personal unity of existence: 1.Absolute existence is absolutely a part of the external realization 2.Existence is necessary by itself 3.Existence is necessary by itself, unit, not pluralistic and doubtful 4.The existence of creatures is not real 5.Creatures are the multiplicities, attributes, things, emersion, and indications of the real existence. In addition, for each one, an argument has been stated and after summarizing, all the content of the unity of existence has been proved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Women position in Sassanian civilization based on historical and archaeological evidence
Milad BaghsheikhiThe present paper studied is to examine the position of women in Sassanian civilization from the perspective of historical and archaeological evidence. The present research includes women's role in cultural relics from the Sassanian era. The sample studied is the role o MoreThe present paper studied is to examine the position of women in Sassanian civilization from the perspective of historical and archaeological evidence. The present research includes women's role in cultural relics from the Sassanian era. The sample studied is the role of women in cultural materials left over from the Sassanian era based on archaeological evidence. The method was descriptive -analytical. Data collection It was done in the form of a library and through a receipt. And after that, study archeological evidence from the position of women in Sassanian cultural Iran was examined and the information was analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the role of women in the arts related to architecture such as painting, plastering, weaving, mosaic, etc is evident and in terms of political position, women had good power in society and historical sources and archaeological evidence, such as coins, confirm that. On the other hand Finding the image of women among most archeological cultural materials shows that Respect for women and the spread activities of political, economic and etc art Another special of the court and in the hands of royal members But also by improving social laws women have a better position and freedom of action Along with the class society, they were patriarchal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - There is No Arch Without Brick
Mohammad Reza KalhurIt is clear, The English in both reading and writing skills is based on the alphabet. Explaining and teaching new alphabet (English) for teachers who teach in remote rural and deprived areas is too hard because students in this area are familiar with the native languag MoreIt is clear, The English in both reading and writing skills is based on the alphabet. Explaining and teaching new alphabet (English) for teachers who teach in remote rural and deprived areas is too hard because students in this area are familiar with the native language and formal language. Classical and elementary teaching method creates more problems for teachers in the teaching process as well as for students in understanding the process. Based on this necessity, subject of this study, mentally visualize and understand the similarities and contrasts comparison of the English alphabet with native language alphabet and the official language alphabet. Using the power of art and the use of "story" and the "Theatre and Show" for better understanding and a deeper understanding of the English alphabet, as well as the application and its requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Principles of the Theory of Public Execution of Punishments from a Legal and Jurisprudential Viewpoint
حمید بابایی محمود قیوم زاده محمد رسول آهنگرانThe present research is aimed at investigating public execution of punishment. The subject of public execution of punishment is one of the issues causing different reactions from experts. Some, while agreeing with the public execution of punishment, believe that the exe MoreThe present research is aimed at investigating public execution of punishment. The subject of public execution of punishment is one of the issues causing different reactions from experts. Some, while agreeing with the public execution of punishment, believe that the execution of the punishment in the public eye has a Sharia and Quranic context, referring to the holy verse “And let a group of the believers witness their punishment[1]” in support of their opinion. On the other hand, a group believes that there is no such thing as public execution of punishment in the jurisprudential rules, and the aforementioned noble verse does not indicate the public execution of punishment. In every penal system, the method of execution of punishment is under the influence of the basis and goals of punishment in that penal system and applied in line with its realization. From the viewpoint of Islam, although the basis of punishment is a combination of the two principles of justice and benefit, the most emphasis is on the realization of the effects and results of punishment. By reviewing the penal doctrines of Islam concerning the goals of punishment, we found out that the correction and education of the criminal is the key effect and result of the execution of punishment. Public execution of punishment not only does not realie this basic goal, but also makes its realization impossible or difficult. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Brownfield land use change modeling using GIS-based Weights-of-Evidence approach
Saleh AbdullahiFast and unorganized urban development increases the number of abandoned lands and brownfields within the cities. Revitalization of these lands is one of the key factors to achieve urban sustainability. Most researches on this field have mainly considered a single brown MoreFast and unorganized urban development increases the number of abandoned lands and brownfields within the cities. Revitalization of these lands is one of the key factors to achieve urban sustainability. Most researches on this field have mainly considered a single brownfield site for redevelopment on the bases of local neighborhood demand and characteristics. The current paper proposes a brownfields land use change modeling process in a larger scale perspectives rather than local aspects. The proposed model is a statistical-based weights-of-evidence (WoE) approach in the GIS environment. The changes probability of brownfield sites of the Qazvin city to residential land use was predicted using several urban development parameters. Next, the predicted map was aggregated with the existing brownfields map in order to evaluate by Master Plan of the Qazvin city. In this manner, existing brownfield sites are projected according to planning strategies. Results indicate that according to potential and suitability of the site and neighborhood properties, each brownfield can serve the community as single or mixture of several land use types. The advantage of this model is that, due to utilization of the standard urban parameters as well as statistical based methodology, by considering more number of land use types this process can be easily replicated in other cities for brownfields redevelopment. It is concluded that the application of land use change modeling techniques in GIS environment can provide a strong tool for brownfields redevelopment planning and strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Jurisprudence Basics for Local Research Circumstantial Evidence
shadi hassani Manssor Amirzadeh Jirkoli Javad MohammadalizadehThe local research method is interpreted in this way that each witness says his / her own information to the judge and it’s interpreted based on the words the stated the judge comes to this conclusion that they didn’t conspire to say lie. Now the local resea MoreThe local research method is interpreted in this way that each witness says his / her own information to the judge and it’s interpreted based on the words the stated the judge comes to this conclusion that they didn’t conspire to say lie. Now the local research circumstantial evidence is used with wide spread tradition title (or some times its synonym fame )in the jurisprudence . In the jurisprudence to authority of the widespread tradition some cases are stated such as narration , wide people method , the difficulty because of producing sufficient evidence which we can prove the wide spread tradition authority by each of them . Also, the wide spread domain in jurisprudence with high disputations – is divided into two limited and unlimited categories that by considering the total opinions, the wide spread tradition domains are death, devotion, freehold, ancestry and justice . The wide spread tradition in the jurisprudence and local research has some similarities and differences. In this regard there are some comments about the relationship between local research and wide spread tradition: the wide spread tradition as an independent reason , the wide spread tradition as witness confirmer and wide spread as the result of the local research . But the researcher states that the wide spread tradition is the same jurisprudence basic for the local research because in all cases like meaning , concept , scope , proof , reason and so on , they are the same . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Withdrawing the Testimony, the Conditions and its Effects in Judicial Decisions
houshang golmohammadi Asghar ArabianTestimony is not only one of the evidences in substantiation of claims in jurisprudence and civil law sources but also is the most important one from the high number of referring to it in the claims. With regard to the importance and its status in judicial proceedings a MoreTestimony is not only one of the evidences in substantiation of claims in jurisprudence and civil law sources but also is the most important one from the high number of referring to it in the claims. With regard to the importance and its status in judicial proceedings and dependence of the judges in issuing the decisions in this religious and legal evidence, withdrawing the testimony also will possess a high importance. One the important issues in the validity of the testimony as an evidence is the study of the legal effects of withdrawing the witnesses or one of them from their testimony, which can be imagined in different forms in the proceeding stages of a claim and it will have different results.. The most important difference is between the stage that the decision has been issued and not enforced and the stage that no decision has been issued. And also up to the time that the decision has not been enforced, the people in favor of breaching the decision after issuing and before the enforcing the decision have great differences with the people in favor of not breaching the decision (in civil case) and they both believe in not executing the decisions which can‘t be made up in this stage and each of the proponents of these views resort to the argumentative reasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Rule of Legislation of Oath and its Effectiveness in the Present Age
Farid Najafnia Mohammadreza Shirazi Abbas SamavatiNowadays, due to the advancement of technology and scientific and practical skills of criminologists, the detection of crime and criminals has been facilitated. The implementation of oath for proving guilt or innocence is criticized by jurists but has been accepted from MoreNowadays, due to the advancement of technology and scientific and practical skills of criminologists, the detection of crime and criminals has been facilitated. The implementation of oath for proving guilt or innocence is criticized by jurists but has been accepted from the perspective of the religion of Islam because of the importance it attaches to the lives of human beings and the security of Islamic society. The results of the present study indicate that despite the arguments presented by the proponents and opponents of the use of oath in the current era, in Iran, new arguments to replace oath have not yet found their proper importance and position, and therefore, new and alternative arguments are not included in the Islamic Penal Code for an independent reason; Rather, in the form of specialized expertise and as a judicial evidence, it can ultimately provide the judge with knowledge about the correctness and validity of the subject matter, and the judicial courts still resort to swearing in cases of presumption. The author uses a descriptive-analytical method to identify the rules of oath legislation and also its efficiency or inefficiency despite the new arguments in the present era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - رابطه بین هوش های زبانی و منطقی زبان آموزان ایرانی و فراوانی مغلطه ها و شواهد در نوشتار استدلالی: مطالعه ای براساس جنسیت
مودت سعیدیتوانایی زبان آموزان برای نوشتن متن استدلالی منسجم در دهه های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هوشهای چندگانه در ارتقای دقت کاربرد زبان و تفکر در فرایند نوشتن، نقش مهمی ایفا می نماید. مطالعه ی حاضر به بررسی رابطه ی ممکن میان هوشهای منطقی و زبانی و فراوانی مغالطه های غیررسم Moreتوانایی زبان آموزان برای نوشتن متن استدلالی منسجم در دهه های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هوشهای چندگانه در ارتقای دقت کاربرد زبان و تفکر در فرایند نوشتن، نقش مهمی ایفا می نماید. مطالعه ی حاضر به بررسی رابطه ی ممکن میان هوشهای منطقی و زبانی و فراوانی مغالطه های غیررسمی و شواهد در نوشته های استدلالی زبان آموزان ایرانی می پردازد. بدین منظور، 110 زبان اموز با سطح زبانی متوسط به بالا، به سوالات مرتبط با هوشهای منطقی و زبانی در پرسشنامه ی ارزیابی رشدی هوشهای چندگانه (شیرر، 1996) پاسخ داده و یک انشای استدلالی نوشتند. از مدل جانسون (1998) برای شناسایی مغالطه های غیررسمی و از چهار دسته شواهد هوئکن و هاستینکس (2003) برای بررسی انواع شواهد استفاده شد. در میان چندین دسته بندی مغالطه های غیررسمی و شواهد، فقط شواهد آماری در انشاهای استدلالی شناسایی نشد. ضرایب حاصل از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون رابطه ی معناداری را بین هوشهای منطقی و زبانی و فراوانی مغالطه های غیررسمی و انواع شواهد در استدلال زبان آموزان ایرانی آشکار ساخت. بالعکس، از نظر فراوانی مغالطه های غیررسمی و انواع شواهد در انشاهای استدلالی، هیچ تفاوت معناداری بین زبان آموزان دختر و پسر مشاهده نشد. یافته ها به کارآمدسازی دوره ها و مطالب آموزشی مهارت نوشتاری با لحاظ کردن تفاوتهای فردی زبان آموزان کمک می کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Lapse and Vengeance Right
ali akbar izadifard mohammad mohseni fatemeh babniaprescription is a law principle which oversees the verdicts, trials and pronouncements and according to the significant effects it has in people's commercial and law relationship, it enjoys a particular judicial position based upon this principle's tenets, if the person Moreprescription is a law principle which oversees the verdicts, trials and pronouncements and according to the significant effects it has in people's commercial and law relationship, it enjoys a particular judicial position based upon this principle's tenets, if the person doesn't ask for the lawsuit during the determinate time in order to regain his rights, his rights will be evanesced or at least it may cause his lawsuit not to be listened and consequently this will result in negation of the person's ownership domination over his right. On the counter point, according to Shiite religious jurists, the right for taking vengeance will not be integrated and whenever the qualifications exist and there is no contradiction, it will be applicable. Since taking vengeance is considered as a right of creditor over debtor, presuming that we accept "prescription" there will be an evident conflict between the prescription principle and the right for taking vengeance. Religious jurists by referring to this principle that " الØقّ قدیم، لا یبطله الشئ" do not include the exertion of the right for vengeance within the 'prescription principle', so they consider it preferential to the 'prescription principle'. It seems that by affirming symptoms evidence, the right for vengeance will be negated and will not be applicable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Jurisprudence Principles of Legitimacy of laws with Quranic Approach
Mohamamd Rasoul Ahangaran Abolhassan Haghnavaz Legitimacy is the believing that the governing authority of any given country is entitled to issue the command and citizens are obliged to abide by. Some Western scholars believe that the laws of social life can be legislated by observing the social behavi More Legitimacy is the believing that the governing authority of any given country is entitled to issue the command and citizens are obliged to abide by. Some Western scholars believe that the laws of social life can be legislated by observing the social behavior of the human being. But the Islamic jurists believe that no one can legislate other than Allah. The present article has classified Quranic evidence of arising by law to the legitimacy in five groups of verses. The first group of the verses interprets the rules needed that the community as "God's Hudud". The other introduces rules as "God's Orders". The third group envisages ruling to be only "God's bestowed". The fourth category of verses, prohibit legislation without having sufficient knowledge. And last category of the verses, envisages ruling to be special for "ulu-l-amr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Theological Reflection about Evidences of Women Judgeship Prohibition
hassan gholipourOne of the main issues that are considered judicially in the recent years is competence and incompetence of women adjudication responsibility. Most jurists accept the condition of being male to judge. But this is the issue that its dossier of scientific review is open b MoreOne of the main issues that are considered judicially in the recent years is competence and incompetence of women adjudication responsibility. Most jurists accept the condition of being male to judge. But this is the issue that its dossier of scientific review is open based on standards of legal issues. In jurisprudence, most jurists adjudge that condition of judgeship is being male. Those jurists referred to Quran, Tradition, Consensus and Wisdom to confirm their viewpoints. But in jurisprudence, there is contrary viewpoint. It predicates women judgeship is absolutely prohibited unless under certain circumstances. In this article, the author analyses evidences of women judgeship prohibition. Here, all the talk I review is that there is no reason to prohibit absolutely women judgeship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Analysis of legal jurisprudence of Laqta in cyber space
Mٍehdi Mohammadian Amiri Hosein Shokreian AmiriThere are always people in the society who lose money and other people find those properties, but whether this problem occurs only in real space or whether it can be exemplified in virtual space is a question. It is worth pondering, considering the prevalence of using v MoreThere are always people in the society who lose money and other people find those properties, but whether this problem occurs only in real space or whether it can be exemplified in virtual space is a question. It is worth pondering, considering the prevalence of using virtual space in today's era, it is not far-fetched to imagine that a personal work, whether authored, audio or video file, can be made available to others in virtual space without the owner's name. Contemplating the jurisprudential and legal dimensions of the subject, he has discussed and investigated in a descriptive-analytical way and has concluded that in addition to the property of these works, it confirms the property of everything that is out of the reach of its owner in the virtual space. slow This theory is based on the application of the hadiths in the chapter, the reason for the revision of Manat, Tabadur, the correctness of carrying and the incorrectness of negating. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to protect the rights of individuals, the legislator should specify his position in this regard by establishing an explicit article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Study of the Basis of Rare and Individualized Fatwas of Ibn Idris Hilli
maryam ghafoori mohammad mohseni dehkalani Ali Akbar Izadifard Aliakbar jahaniIbn Idris was the only jurist of the sixth century who was able to pave the way for the presentation of new ideas and the evolution of Shiite jurisprudence by criticizing the views of his predecessors, especially Sheikh Tusi, and in the field of ijtihad and jurisprudenc MoreIbn Idris was the only jurist of the sixth century who was able to pave the way for the presentation of new ideas and the evolution of Shiite jurisprudence by criticizing the views of his predecessors, especially Sheikh Tusi, and in the field of ijtihad and jurisprudence he chose principles that gave his jurisprudence a special character. The book Al-Sara'ir Al-Hawi li-Tahrir al-Fatawi contains his fatwas and jurisprudential theories, some of which are notorious and contrary to the famous theories, but some of which are his own. Since the purpose of this study is to investigate the basics of and reasons behind Ibn Idris's differing opinions, examples of these views such as prayer in two suspicious clothes, vague confession, execution of the permissible limit, etc. have been explored. The descriptive-analytical method explains the basics, documents and their cause. Belief in the unreliability of the individualized hadith is one of the most important principles of Ibn Idris, which on the one hand, due to his principles and on the other hand in terms of the temporal dimension of the evidence, has caused the actions of the people before him to be hidden from his vision. This has led to a lack of reliance on a large part of the hadiths of the infallibles, and as a result, the individuality and rarity of his views Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Disqualification of a Public Authority Based on the Authority of a Unit News
vahid lavasani Abbasali SalehiThe unit news is considered as one of the suspicions of two directions for proving the proof and the realm of authenticity. Some, referring to the appearance of some quranic verses, consider following the unit news as the case for following the opinions of the quran whi MoreThe unit news is considered as one of the suspicions of two directions for proving the proof and the realm of authenticity. Some, referring to the appearance of some quranic verses, consider following the unit news as the case for following the opinions of the quran which is subject to the quranic verses. Well - known rulers have restricted the credit range of the unit news of the issues should be made by binet, in which justice and multiplicity are conditions. One of the most important applications of the unit is the study of public jurisdiction. The main question of this research is whether the general competences of individuals by citation of the most important applications of the unit is the study of public competencies. The main question of this research is whether the general competences of individuals are denied by the unit news? Research in the main sources and also on the basis of field research has been done, from the viewpoint of experts in the process of selection and implementation of qualifications, news of the unit lacks value and validity, but some of them consider the time and position required for the candidate. According to the conditions and characteristics of the narrator or the sources of research, they consider it as a symmetric and more investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluating the Evidence to Prove the Case with regard to Validating the Conscience of the Judge in Issuing a Verdict
Rahman ValizadehPersuasion of the conscience of the judge is explicitly stipulated in Article 374 of the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 1392 , although its validity is not explicitly mentoned in the Quran and hadiths. But from the content of some verses including verse 58 MorePersuasion of the conscience of the judge is explicitly stipulated in Article 374 of the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 1392 , although its validity is not explicitly mentoned in the Quran and hadiths. But from the content of some verses including verse 58 of Surah An-Nisa, if you rule between the people and rule with strict justice. Also , Islamic narrations can be drawn upon for the sake of con vincing conscience. If we seek to diccover the truth in the judiciary and to establish judicial justice in accordance, and not just settling the hostility, the judge himself will be allowed to use the two basic principles of free achieving of reason and evaluating the reason and do the necessary investigation on the basis of the evidence presented during the trial, and in case of conviction especially in the criminal case which is related to the lives, honor and dignity of the people, if he comes to in ternal conscience, he can issue a verdict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Inference of Religious Laws, and Prove of Criminal Proceeding in Conflict of Evidences: Commons and Differences
Omid Motaghi Ardakani Abolhassan Mojtahed SoleymaniIran's legislator, in 2013, for the first time provided the "conflict of evidences in prove of criminal proceeding" in some articles of Islamic Penal Code. In this respect without mention of occurrence terms, some cases of conflicts of evidences are mentioned, and MoreIran's legislator, in 2013, for the first time provided the "conflict of evidences in prove of criminal proceeding" in some articles of Islamic Penal Code. In this respect without mention of occurrence terms, some cases of conflicts of evidences are mentioned, and some measures are provided. Although this matter is applicable as the first step to formalization of this conflict, whether in occurrence term or transitional solutions, it depends on jurisprudential-legal notions about conflict of proofs of inference as the root of conflict principles. So, this research in a descriptive-analytical manner seeks to study these point of views, and their convergence or divergence against conflicts of evidences of substantiation of claim. The findings shows that required terms of this conflict, whether for inference of religious laws or on evidences of substantiation of claims are the same; however solutions need more consideration in proof of criminal claim than procedure of inference of religious laws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - A Study on the Meaning of Replacing Presumptive Evidence (Amara) and Practical Principles with Certitude in the Light of Imam Khomeini's Opinion
ahmad mortazi Hossen HajihoseniIn the issue of the replacement of presumptive evidence (amarat) and principle with types of certitude (qate), two arguments are put forward: the first argument is that what kinds of qate these are replaced with. The second is that wether the use of preumptive evi MoreIn the issue of the replacement of presumptive evidence (amarat) and principle with types of certitude (qate), two arguments are put forward: the first argument is that what kinds of qate these are replaced with. The second is that wether the use of preumptive evidence and principles in place of certitude by men of reason denotes its replacement with certitude. As for the first argument, the fundamentalists expressed different points of view and each has their own reasons and adherents. Out of these, Imam Khomeini believes that presumptive evidence and principles only take the place of the incomplete certitude to the situation, not the complete certitude to the situation, or incomplete or complete descriptive sitution, or the pure situation certitude. As for the second issue, the well-known fundamentalists believe that the presumptive evidence and principles are used as the replacement of certitude, and in case of lack of certitude, men of reason definitely use presumptive evidence and principle in place of certitude on a regular basis. On the contrary, Imam Khomeini believes that the argument for the replacement of presumptive evidence with certitude is basically inaccurate and men of reason have acted upon certitude in its presence and in its absence and the presence of reasonable sign, they act upon that sign and evidence without concern for its replacement or downgrading (tanzil). That is because, from the point of view of Imam Khomeini, validity of the rational presumptive sign does not depend on the validity and reliability of presumptive evidence and complementary aspect of revealing reality, but rather has an independent validity. Based on this, we should not look for legal rendering as complementing the disclosure to the presumptive evidence, to act upon certitude. This study used a descriptive-analytical approach and library resources to examine different opinions and their evidence and emphasize the accuracy of Imam Khomeini's opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Challenges of the institution of oath; Possibility Refusal Replacement In Iran Criminal Law
Abolhasan Mojtahed Solaymani Maryam AghahpourOne of the evidence of proving mass in the Iranian criminal system is several. Given the constraints that encounter problems in order to prove crime, providing an alternative to the institution seems vital. One of the alternatives that can play a role as several, is the MoreOne of the evidence of proving mass in the Iranian criminal system is several. Given the constraints that encounter problems in order to prove crime, providing an alternative to the institution seems vital. One of the alternatives that can play a role as several, is the Emirates of judiciary (scientific evidence), which due to the advancement of science, has a certain position among other evidences. Jurisprudential reasons are also certified by the legitimacy of the judiciary, and it is one of the valid ways in the implementation of justice. According to the notation of the proof of criminal proof, the evidence of proving crime in al-Nas, particularly the crime against the physical integrity of individuals, the advancement of science and techniques and the existence of scientific and accurate methods such as fingerprinting, faculty, biology, science, reference to the expert and likewise, the judicial emirate can be benefited from the proof of crime as an alternative. The present study relies on the sources of jurisprudence, seeks to explain this alternative. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Investigating the foundations and jurisprudential evidences of the sanctity of terror from the perspective of Shia and Hanafi jurisprudence
Mohammad Nasrian Mofidi mohammad ebrahim shams nateri Mahdi SheydaiyanOne of the most heinous atrocities some people have committed against their fellow Muslims is the assassination of Muslims. This article discusses the Shi'a and Hanafi jurisprudence through a library and documentary method, which results in: The Shiites and the guile of MoreOne of the most heinous atrocities some people have committed against their fellow Muslims is the assassination of Muslims. This article discusses the Shi'a and Hanafi jurisprudence through a library and documentary method, which results in: The Shiites and the guile of the laws of moharebeh can be applied to the issue of terrorism in the present age. The verses 33 and 34 of Surah Ma'eda are the most explicit verse of the Holy Quran regarding the fight against terrorism, which the Shiite jurisprudent has used as a prohibition against jihad and jihad. That this theory is in line with the theory of jurisprudence. Investigating the Jurisprudential Basis of the Assassination of Muslims from the perspective of jurisprudential jurisprudence indicates that terrorist acts are blameworthy and criminal behavior, because what stands out in jihad is fighting the war and adhering to its rules, not killing or killing innocent people. Take the assets, surprisingly. In jurisprudence, however, it is not a clear title for a terrorist act, although it is more consistent with moharebeh and rhetoric on the basis of the type and outcome of the behavior. Manuscript profile -
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42 - The Relative Evaluation of Active Neotectonic Activities in the Kateh Pifak Anticline; Eyvan-e Qarb, Ilam
Reza Mansouri Samad FotoohiThe geomorphic analysis of mountain fronts, anticlines and folded belts can provide valuable insights about the recorded tectonic history of any given region. Therefore, such studies at a regional scale have been frequently undertaken using morphotectonic analysis to de MoreThe geomorphic analysis of mountain fronts, anticlines and folded belts can provide valuable insights about the recorded tectonic history of any given region. Therefore, such studies at a regional scale have been frequently undertaken using morphotectonic analysis to delineate areas having higher tectonic activity. Keteh Pifak anticline is located in the northeast of Eyvan-e-Qarb township, north of Ilam province and is considered as a part of the Zagros simply folded belt. In this research, with the aim of evaluating the active neotectonic movements in the Keteh Pifak anticline, the six geomorphic indices such as: Ratio of Valley Floor Width to Valley Height (VF), Percentage Undissected Escarpments (EU), Percentage Dissected Mountain Fronts (FD), Fold Front Sinuosity (FFS), Fold Symmetry Index (FSI), Aspect Ratio (AR) and Relative Tectonic Activity Index (Iat) have been used. The morphometry of Keteh Pifak anticline were determined using topographic maps, satellite imageries and field works. Also, the structural, tectonically and lithologically data were obtained using geological map (5257 sheets No) with 1:100,000 scale. Results show that high values of FFS, EU, AR indices and low values of FD, VF, FSI indices indicate the young and asymmetry of this anticline, the continuation of neotectonic forces and low erosion in the anticline. Also, based on the Iat index, it was determined that this anticline at class 3 of activity. Field evidence in the study area such as narrow valleys (V-shaped), straight, steep and faulted escarpments, asymmetric fold show that this anticline is tectonically relative active. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Discharge Estimates and Paleofloods of the stag Sirvan river with using geomorphological evidence and torrential
Mohammadhosein Rezaei moghadam Mohammad Reza Nikjo Davod Mokhtari Saied Reza HosinZadeh Hesam MalekiThe outbreak of the severe floods, one of the most important hazards hydro - Geomorphic is the Sirvan River catchment. Sirvan River as one of the most significant rivers is located in the west. D MoreThe outbreak of the severe floods, one of the most important hazards hydro - Geomorphic is the Sirvan River catchment. Sirvan River as one of the most significant rivers is located in the west. During the last half century, especially in the spring severely flooded and many local experts melted snow and rain cause flooding intensifies over the day. To review the issue better flood data longer needed in this paper, using geomorphological data and flood reconstruction has been flooding. For the purposes of this paper, using satellite images stagnant water deposits and geomorphological evidences flood potential sites were identified. The river was divided into three periods, and the exact field visits to sites of stagnant water deposits on the sediment stratigraphy analysis was. With the mapping, map 1: 1000 area of study were produced and a total of 48 Section in three intervals, drawn and flood discharge was reconstructed in different periods. Software HEC-RAS, GIS was used to draw schematics and hydraulic analyzes. The maximum flood discharge for a period of 2 years, 103.66 and 4785.78 cubic meters per second for 1000-year period has been estimated as. Palangan in the first period, water level in the 2-year period, 1005.36 m 989.57 m and for the period of 1000 years. And the second period, Dalamarz border, for a period of 2 years, 868.42 m and for the period of 1000 years of 885.91 m. The third open Rodbar, water level in the 2-year period, 790.17 meters and 830.42 meters respectively for a period of 1000 years. Estimated maximum instantaneous flow old river floods showed that large floods is not unexpected. The results showed that using the Paleo stage indicator of PSI, the large floods (Discharge maximum) in the river channel using hydraulic model HEC-RAS and HEC-GEO-RAS estimated Software included and explained Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Impact of Recasts and Prompts on the Learning of English Third Person Singular Marker by Persian Learners of English
Ali Akbar Jafarpour Mahmood Hashemian -
Open Access Article
45 - The Nature of the Decision of the Working Group to Determine Examples of Cyberspace Criminal Content and Its Consequences
amirali behdadi mohamdreza zande morteza naji zavarehIn order to prevent the occurrence and continuation of criminal activities in the cyberspace and to ensure the protection of the public and national interests of the society, the Iranian lawmaker body has employed a guideline entitled The Order of Refining the Working G MoreIn order to prevent the occurrence and continuation of criminal activities in the cyberspace and to ensure the protection of the public and national interests of the society, the Iranian lawmaker body has employed a guideline entitled The Order of Refining the Working Group to determine examples of criminal content under the Article 750 of the Islamic Penal Code (section of Computer Crimes). This new non-criminal measure, which is a temporary security measure in nature, has entered the legal criminal policy of fighting cybercrimes based on the teachings of the negation of absolutism in terms of the technical and specialized characteristics of cyberspace crimes. The mentioned approach has caused challenges and given rise to ambiguities with regard to the nature of the position and status of the working group for determining examples and its decisions and the conflict they have with the decision of the judicial authorities.The authors of this research, using the qualitative-exploratory method and based on documents and library sources and using the point of view of experts, have concluded that: 1- The nature of the aforementioned working group is one of the examples of quasi-judicial commissions; 2- The decision of the working group to determine cases is subject to the supervision and can be sued in the Court of Administrative Justice according to the general principles of litigation; 3- In the legal procedure of the judiciary, the decision of the Amarah (lit. sign or allusion) working group is considered to be a refutable type of criminality.4- The decision of the working group to determine the examples for the judicial authority has a formality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - A Comparative Study of the Probative Value of Electronic Evidence in Criminal Proceedings in the Legal System of Iran and France
Ramin Delkhoon Asl Iradj Gedozian, kiomars kalantari,,The most important part of the proceedings related to crimes, both traditional and computerized, is related to evidence to prove the case. The existing evidence in the computer systems are electronic. The present research in terms of purpose is an applied one which empl MoreThe most important part of the proceedings related to crimes, both traditional and computerized, is related to evidence to prove the case. The existing evidence in the computer systems are electronic. The present research in terms of purpose is an applied one which employs descriptive-analytical methodology and is based on library resources. The present research has been conducted with the aim of comparing the value of proving such evidence in the legal system of Iran and France. The judicial system is facing a serious challenge regarding the admissibility of electronic evidence due to the special characteristics of this evidence and the associated anonymity of perpetrators, as well as the speed with which evidence and crime scenes disappear. Collecting such evidence requires compliance with legal rules and regulations and any kind of non-compliance with these rules and regulations calls into question the integrity, validity and irrefutability of the evidence and causes the courts to reject the evidence. Therefore, in the process of criminal proceedings, the issue of referral to the evidence collected in the cyberspace is of special importance. The results of this study show that the probative value of electronic evidence, although not explicitly stated in the laws of Iran and France, has been accepted and that the legislators of both countries value such evidence in as much as and in the limit of the traditional evidence. The legislator body has considered the mere compliance with rules and regulations of collecting electronic evidence to be sufficient for the citation of and referral to such evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - A Comparative Study of the Electronic Evidence in Criminal Justice Systems of Iran and China
Babak pourghahramani Reza GhaderiBackground and Objective: With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively MoreBackground and Objective: With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively study and analyze the position of electronic evidence in the criminal justice systems of Iran and China.Method: The present research employs a descriptive-analytical method in reaching its objectives. The rules and regulations governing electronic evidence in China and Iran have been studied and comparatively examined.Findings: Investigating cybercrime requires the seizure, collection and credibility of electronic evidence in the trial process. The laws and regulations of Iran and China have dealt with these issues separately and have provided solutions for criminal prosecution by criminalizing cybercrime.Results: The criminal systems of Iran and China have adopted different regulations and laws with regard to collection, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence according to their own needs in the society. The legal system of China is more developed than Iran as far as its technical and specialization are concerned. The legal system of Iran, in its turn, follows a human rights approach of the same and attempts at restricting the authority of the justice administration law enforcement agents by stating their duties and responsibilities. Both of the systems use police force as the responsible body for collecting, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Validation of the hadiths of the appointment of the Imam in the manuscript of "sollam darajat” With an approach to Shiite and Sunni evidence and followers
tahere nadimi tehrani amir tohidi majid maarefThe appointment of the Imam by God is one of the issues raised in the Qur'an and narration sources. The manuscript of "Sollam Darajat" by Ibn Mashhadi, the author of the commentary of Kunz al-Daqiq, is one of the valuable sources in this field. Considering the evidences MoreThe appointment of the Imam by God is one of the issues raised in the Qur'an and narration sources. The manuscript of "Sollam Darajat" by Ibn Mashhadi, the author of the commentary of Kunz al-Daqiq, is one of the valuable sources in this field. Considering the evidences and followers of the two sects and the authenticity of the document and text of the four manuscript narrations in this chapter, it was proved by a descriptive-analytical method that regardless of the documents of the hadiths whose validity is not agreed upon by The scholars of the sects; The content of the narrations has a concise frequency, and has an authenticity. And it is known that Imamate is a divine covenant that was granted to Imam Ali and his holy children after the Messenger of God. And no individual, group or council can identify the Imam and Caliph after the Messenger of God or introduce an example for the Ahl al-Bayt of infallibility and purity; Even the Messenger of God and the previous Imam do not have the authority to appoint anyone as Imam; Because these examples have already been introduced by God and communicated to the Messenger of God . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A New Approach to the Evidence of Rijaʿt (Return) with Emphasis on Its Role in Raising Hope
roya jahandoost diz mohsen ahteshaminya majid maarefRijaʿt, which means returning to the world again, is one of the points of disagreement between Shiites and Sunnis. Of course, the issue of return is not a completely Mahdavi issue, and before and more than it is a Mahdavi issue, it is a theological issue on which Shia a MoreRijaʿt, which means returning to the world again, is one of the points of disagreement between Shiites and Sunnis. Of course, the issue of return is not a completely Mahdavi issue, and before and more than it is a Mahdavi issue, it is a theological issue on which Shia and Sunni scholars have conflicting views. There are strong Qur'anic evidences for the occurrence of this truth in the history of Judaism and Christianity, and the famous and correct narratives of the repetition of all the traditions and events of these two nations among the Muslims, opens the door to this truth to the Islamic society and Muslims as well. There are undeniable evidences in the hadiths of Ahl al-Sunnah about the occurrence of Return (Rijaʿt) in the end of time. By proving this fact, it becomes clear that there is an important purpose of its placement in the management system of Allah Almighty. The role of Rijaʿt in creating hope and increasing hope in the faith community in three parts: Hoping as much as possible for life, trying as much as possible to live more faithfully, and trying as much as possible to create the ground for the reappearance, tells a little about the place of Rijaʿt in the management system of Allah Almighty and the intellectual system of Ahl al-Bayt (as). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Spatial Association of Mineralization and Fractures in Meiduk Porphyry Copper Mine
Ali Mehrabi Reza Derakhshani Jafar Rahnamarad -
Open Access Article
51 - The role of Tabriz Medical Sciences University Hospital librarians in the Evidence–Based Practice
Nazanin Momenzadeh feridon azadeh tafreshi ahmad Fayyaz-Bakhsh saber Khodaei-AshanPurpose: The present study evaluates the role of the library and librarian in Evidence Based Practice and the level of knowledge of the doctors and librarians about the evidence based medicine. Methodology: It was a survey type study which has no hypothesis. Findings: MorePurpose: The present study evaluates the role of the library and librarian in Evidence Based Practice and the level of knowledge of the doctors and librarians about the evidence based medicine. Methodology: It was a survey type study which has no hypothesis. Findings: The results revealed that 76% of the doctors and 84% of the librarians had some levels of knowledge about the evidence based medicine which is of very high necessity in running the program. 86% of the librarians agreed with the program. Conclusion: In terms of human resources and library facilities, libraries of Madani, Imam Reza and Koodakan were better compared to others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Collaborative learnhng and critical thinking
Zahra HosseiniThe present research studied the effects of collaborative learning on critical thinking. An experimental and a witness group, each composed of 30 female mathematics students, were administered Critical Thinking Test (OCR, 2000). Next, the experimental group was taught a MoreThe present research studied the effects of collaborative learning on critical thinking. An experimental and a witness group, each composed of 30 female mathematics students, were administered Critical Thinking Test (OCR, 2000). Next, the experimental group was taught a course using the method of collaborative learning. The witness group was taught the same course using the method of lecturing. The results of MANCOVA showed that the experimental group outperformed the witness group in three subscales of critical thinking namely, critical analysis, credibility of evidence and critical evaluation. The way collaborative learning affects critical thinking skills is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Developing a Model for Audit Documentation Quality based on Grounded Theory Approach
زهرا حمصیان کاشانی زهره حاجیها حسین جهانگیرنیا رضا غلامی جمکرانیIn recent years, the quality of audit documentation and its impact on audit quality in auditing standards (such as PCAOB Standard 3) has received more attention. According to auditing standards, audit documentation is the record of audit procedures performed relevant au MoreIn recent years, the quality of audit documentation and its impact on audit quality in auditing standards (such as PCAOB Standard 3) has received more attention. According to auditing standards, audit documentation is the record of audit procedures performed relevant audit evidence obtained, and conclusions the auditor reached. The importance of audit documentation is determined by the need to provide evidence that corroborates the auditor's opinion, as well as to provide information about the various stages of the audit process. The present study aims to design a model of audit documentation quality with a grounded theorizing approach. The research method is qualitative. In order to conduct in-depth and semi-structured interviews, 16 partners of audit firms, directors of the audit organization and financial managers of companies were selected through a purposeful process. The research findings were identified as a paradigm model with 14 categories for causal conditions, 6 categories for context conditions, 6 categories for intervening conditions, 6 categories for strategy and 3 categories for consequences related to the main research phenomenon. The results showed that the quality of audit documentation and its evaluation is complex and multifaceted in nature and in addition to personality and auditor characteristics, it is also affected by the micro and macro environment around the audit field. Accordingly, in order to comprehensively examine the issue, various aspects have been examined in developing the quality model of audit documentation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Diagnosis of Liver Cancer by Fuzzy Kmeans Clustering Based on Evidence Theory
Babak Fouladi Nia Abbas Karimi Faraneh Zarafshan Manochehr Kazemi -
Open Access Article
55 - A reflection on the reasons for maintaining the Islamic system with an approach to the narrations of the Imams (as)
ali rashidi mohammad jafari harandiObjective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. Numerous reasons have been p MoreObjective: One of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence as well as in political issues is the discussion of "preserving the Islamic system". The importance of this issue is that many political behaviors and decisions are based on it. Numerous reasons have been presented regarding the necessity of maintaining order, the most important of which are numerous narrations that have been narrated from the infallibles (peace be upon them) and have also been cited by jurists. In this article, we will review and review these citations and answer the question whether the citations to the hadiths about the need to preserve the Islamic system have been made correctly?Methodology: The present study uses a descriptive-analytical research method to critique the narrations in terms of citation and reasoning. Findings: Regarding the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, several hadiths have been cited to prove the necessity of preserving the Islamic system, some of which lack the necessary argument and logic to prove the said ruling. Conclusion: In this study, these hadiths have been identified and criticized, and other authentic hadiths have been counted and examined, and more logical arguments and arguments have been presented to strengthen the related hadiths, and this proves that maintaining the Islamic system is obligatory. And its realization can have valuable fruits such as acceptance and political stability for the Islamic government in the world of politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Examples of Reference to an Expert in Emamiyah jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Mohammad Ojagh Mohammad Ali Safa Mehdi BahrehmandAn expert's opinion is an investigation that the court entrusts to a competent person called an expert in order to distinguish the right by preparing its preparations and asks him to provide technical and specialized information that is not available to the court in ord MoreAn expert's opinion is an investigation that the court entrusts to a competent person called an expert in order to distinguish the right by preparing its preparations and asks him to provide technical and specialized information that is not available to the court in order to resolve legal and criminal cases. put In fact, the purpose of the current research is to examine jurisprudential and legal examples of referring to an expert, which is written in a descriptive-analytical way and with library tools, and the findings of the research indicate that in the current situation and with the specialization of affairs and also considering the complexity Court cases, especially in the fields where the judge has no expertise in this field, there is no other option but to cite and refer to the expert's theory. In order to give validity to the evidential power of the said theory, the legislator has set conditions, including the reliability of the expert, and if those conditions are established, the opinion He considers the expert to be reliable, although due to the large number of cases and the ease of the proceedings, he does not consider it necessary to achieve justice even in the criminal cases referred to the forensic medicine because it is not easily possible, and he cites the doctor's theory. But the existence of these conditions does not mean that the judge is obliged to give effect to the expert's opinion, except in cases of non-compliance with the researcher's circumstances. Therefore, if necessary, the judge will refer to the expert's opinion, and he is free to accept or reject it, and basically, the judge will examine and evaluate the evidence based on his broad authority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Effect of Brand Evidence, Brand Attitude, Brand Hearsay on Brand Loyalty. Case Study (Leather Companies in the City of Tabriz)
Anisa AryaBuilding and maintaining consumer brand loyalty in a competitive market is at the heart of the company's marketing programs. So today, understand and predict customer needs for enterprises to gain competitive customer. Therefore, in this study a model of service brand S MoreBuilding and maintaining consumer brand loyalty in a competitive market is at the heart of the company's marketing programs. So today, understand and predict customer needs for enterprises to gain competitive customer. Therefore, in this study a model of service brand Seek variables are influential in terms of brand loyalty turned for services. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the brand on brand loyalty services companies, real leather industries In Tabriz. Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to detect the effect of each of the hypotheses. The test showed that Dimensions Brand Services Variables On the effective loyalty and generally There is a direct relationship between Dimensions Brand Services (Brand documents, Brand attitude, Brand hearsay) and brand loyalty. Manuscript profile
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