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Open Access Article
1 - The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Life Expectancy in Iran
Ahmad Sarlak Adibe SavariIntroduction: Long life represent the well-being or better living standard of nation,as life expenctancy has direct link with social walfer, human health and economic development. The goal of study is to know the Impact of Socio factors (education, population growth) an MoreIntroduction: Long life represent the well-being or better living standard of nation,as life expenctancy has direct link with social walfer, human health and economic development. The goal of study is to know the Impact of Socio factors (education, population growth) and Economic Factors (per capita gdp, food production) on Life Expectancy in Iran. Methods: The present study is causative and is kind of times series data within 1350-1392 with using Autoregressive distributed lag model and Micro fit 4.1 software and its data extracted from World Bank, Central Bank and Iran Statistics Central. Results: food production, school enrollment has positive and significant relationship with life expectancy in Iran. On the other hand inflation and population growth and CO2 emissions has negative and significant relationship with life expectancy in Iran. The results show In short long and long run GDP growth has positive and significant relationship with life expectancy Conclusion: The findings suggest that government of Iran should seriously check these socio-economic factors for increasing life expectancy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the Performance of Membrane PEEK/PVA Modified with ZnO Nanoparticles in the Permeability and Selectivity of CO2/N2
Arezoo Ghadi Ahmad Bahreini Mojtaba Masoumi -
Open Access Article
3 - Theoretical study of catalytic reduction of CO2 with H20 by BOC-MP method
B. Khezri K. Zare H. Aghaie -
Open Access Article
4 - Thermodynamics of CO2 reaction with methylamine in aqueous solution: A computational study
M. Hajmalek K. Zare H. Aghaie -
Open Access Article
5 - CO2 Reduction in a Centralized System with a Bounded Adjusted Measure model in DEA
Sima Madadi -
Open Access Article
6 - Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Elaeagnus protein: a comparison study
Sepideh Hesamizadeh S. Askari محمدرضا حسین پورElaeagnus contains a large amount of protein which can be used as a functional ingredient. In this study, dried fruit protein was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide method. Extraction was performed at different supercritical temperatures, supercritical pressur MoreElaeagnus contains a large amount of protein which can be used as a functional ingredient. In this study, dried fruit protein was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide method. Extraction was performed at different supercritical temperatures, supercritical pressure, and solvent ratio of carbon dioxide and methanol. According to the ANOVA results, the optimum operating condition for the extraction of protein with supercritical CO2 was as following:150.85 bar, 51.06°C, 59.80 min and methanol aqueous solvent concentration of 717.08 µL, leading to extracting of 47.53 mg protein per 10 g sample. Compared to other extraction methods, the amount of extracted protein was high with this method. In addition, less damage was done to other physical-chemical properties of the protein, including protein structure, amino acid chains, etc. Among the operating conditions, supercritical pressure had the highest effect on proteins. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction can be sued as an effective method for protein extraction from plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigation of Interrelationship between Renewable Energy- Sustainable Development- Co2 Emmision in Iran: Bayesian VAR Approach
Davood Behboudi Parviz Mohammadzadeh Soha MoosaviBackground and Objective: Due to the limitation of fossil energy resources and problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions, it is essential to focus on renewable energy resources, because it can be used to achieve sustainable development goals. Thus, the purpose of this MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the limitation of fossil energy resources and problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions, it is essential to focus on renewable energy resources, because it can be used to achieve sustainable development goals. Thus, the purpose of this research is to investigate relations among renewable energy, CO2 emissions and sustainable development and compared to non-renewable energy in Iran. Method: In this study, dynamic interrelationships in the sustainable development-energy- CO2 emissions nexus is examined by applying bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) in Iran over the period 1980-2013. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the indicator commonly used to measure economic growth and sustainable development, but this indicator is inefficient for evaluating development. One of the most prominent alternative indicators for sustainable development is the Index of Genuine Savings (GS). For this purpose, in this study GS is used as an indicator of sustainable development. Findings: Results reveal that the impact of creating positive shock on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on sustainable development in Iran is positive. Also, positive shock on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption causes an increase in CO2 emission. Moreover, the impact of an increase in sustainable development is positive on renewable energy consumption and is negative on non-renewable energy consumption. Discussion and Conclusion: It is suggested that policy makers prioritize the promotion of energy supply diversification policies, especially renewable energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Assessing the Impact of Intelligent Transportation Systems on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: A Case Study of the Karaj-Chalous Corridor in Iran
Mohammad Reza Samavi Mostafa Panahi Zahra Abedi Majid AhmadianBackground and Objective: The current research is an applied research in terms of classification based on the purpose. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field. Materials and Methodology: Also, the current research is a descri MoreBackground and Objective: The current research is an applied research in terms of classification based on the purpose. The purpose of applied research is to develop applied knowledge in a specific field. Materials and Methodology: Also, the current research is a descriptive-correlation research in terms of method and nature. The statistical population of this research is the cars that traveled during eight busy days of September, from 1 am to 24 pm, in Karaj Chalus axis in 2018 during the study period, and no other specific sampling was done. All calculations and analyzes were done using Excel and 10Eviews software. Findings: The results showed that the use of the intelligent transportation system leads to a reduction in travel time on the Karaj-Chalos corridor and consequently reduced gas emissions. carbon dioxide (CO2). Discussion and Conclusion: The findings showed that the use of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in the 8 days of the study has led to a reduction of 2521 tons of carbon dioxide emissions in the Karaj-Chalos axis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Study of the Relation among Economic Growth, Energy Using and Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Case study: Selected Countries of the OIC)
Mohammadreza Nahidi Amirkhiz Farzad Rahimzadeh siamak shokouhifardBackground and Objective: Energy carriers are one of the most important factors in production and accessing to energy resources can smooth countries economic growth and development process. Also, countries inclination in order to achieving higher economic growth has acc MoreBackground and Objective: Energy carriers are one of the most important factors in production and accessing to energy resources can smooth countries economic growth and development process. Also, countries inclination in order to achieving higher economic growth has accompanied with higher using of energy carriers and has led to emission of Greenhouse gas. This leads to create environmental problems threatening human life. Therefore, studying the relation among economic growth, energy using and Greenhouse gas emissions is of particular importance. Method: Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analysis the interaction among economic growth, energy using and CO2 gas using data from 16 selected countries of the OIC. Findings: The results from estimated model with data panel technique showed that in significant level of 5%, existence the Kuznets inverted U hypothesis is valid in the under-studied countries. Since, the coefficient related to GDP growth variable and its square has positive and negative sign, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that energy using has statistically positive impact on CO2 gas emission in time period 1995-2015. Discussion and Conclusion: Given the existence of a one-way causality relationship between GDP growth and CO2 emissions, the economic growth in the studied countries has led to an increase in CO2 emissions and as well as the U reverse relation of economic growth and CO2 emissions, so that in the studied countries, by increasing the growth rate, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions will increase as well. After a certain growth rate and passing through it, with higher economic growth CO2 emissions have also declined in these countries, It is recommended that, in view of the high importance of the environment, the environmental authorities and environmental organizations have adopted appropriate environmental laws and regulations, and technologies have progressed towards eco-friendly technologies and cost financing related to changing technology to environmentally friendly technology, as well as paying taxes which taxes to improve the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Mass Transfer Modeling For CO2 Removal from Environment with the Aim of Green Biomethanation and Methanogens Growth Optimization
Seyed Ali Jafari Shahriar Osfouri Reza AzinBackground and Objective: CO2 concentration, as the main greenhouse gas, is growing in atmosphere and many alternatives have been investigated to deal with it. However, harnessing with the aim of biomethanation seems to be more economic. Method: In this study a mass tr MoreBackground and Objective: CO2 concentration, as the main greenhouse gas, is growing in atmosphere and many alternatives have been investigated to deal with it. However, harnessing with the aim of biomethanation seems to be more economic. Method: In this study a mass transfer modeling was conducted for a biomethanation process under a batch strategy aiming at maximizing liquid active volume. The accuracy of modeling results was assessed via comparing with experimental data and kinetic results under zero-dimension study. Then one-dimensional study was conducted in order to investigate biomass and hydrogen concentration profiles within liquid phase of the bioreactor and active volume calculation. Response surface method (RSM) was also served to investigate effect of temperature, pressure and as three main factors on active volume followed by response optimization. Findings: Model accuracy was confirmed by zero-dimension study. One-dimensional study was also revealed that biomass growth dispersion within liquid phase depends on hydrogen profile concentration on condition that both hydrogen and biomass diffusion coefficients were assumed to be equal. Their degree of magnification was 10-9 in standard conditions. RSM showed that the three studied factors significantly affected on bioreactor active volume. Meanwhile, pressure and temperature influenced the most, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: A batch bioreactor with and high pressure and temperature met optimal conditions for biomethanation; however, process economy defines operational limitations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - CO2 emissions reduction by using local mineral pozzolan as part of cement in concrete with a pollution reduction approach
Mojtaba Rangrazian Rahmat Madandoust Reza Mahjoub Mehdi RaftariBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main g MoreBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main goal of this research is to find a material with cement properties (pozzolan) that can be replaced in a part of concrete cement with the aim of reducing cement consumption and reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. The local mineral pozzolan under research has similar properties to world-famous pozzolans and has the relevant standards.Material and Methodology: To find the optimal amount of pozzolan in the concrete, In Sep. 2021, four cases of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight was studied and its effect on concrete compressive strength and CO2 emissions and its ability to reduce pollution Environmental was evaluated in comparison with conventional cement concrete. Findings: Experiments showed that the best amount of replacement of this pozzolan to cement in concrete is 15% by weight and increases the strength by 2.4%. Also, this pozzolan emits less CO2 than normal cement concrete equal to 15.20 kg/m3.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the favorable effects of this pozzolan in strengthening the structure and reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, it can be introduced as a cement-reducing and environmentally friendly material. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Impact of Some Effective Factors on Emission of CO2 in Selected Countries of the MENA Region: Panel Quantile Regression Approach
Nooshin Karimi Alavijeh Narges Salehnia Mohammad Taher Ahmadi ShadmehriBackground and Objective: Over the past decades, emissions of pollution and environmental protection have become one of the major concerns of developing countries, because these communities need to use energy to achieve high economic growth and more energy consumption b MoreBackground and Objective: Over the past decades, emissions of pollution and environmental protection have become one of the major concerns of developing countries, because these communities need to use energy to achieve high economic growth and more energy consumption brings more environmental pollution. Investigating influencing factors on the emission of pollutants, and in particular carbon dioxide gas, can be effective in planning for the control and management of pollutants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of population size, GDP, energy intensity and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions in selected countries of the Mena region during the years 2000-2017. Material and Methodology: Factors affecting the emission of CO2 in selected countries of the MENA region have been investigated using Panel Quantile Regression model. Important feature of this model is the estimation of independent variables in different quantiles and their effect on the dependent variable, which greatly increases the accuracy of the estimate and the result of the estimate in each quantile can be seen separately. Findings: Research findings show that population size except for quantiles of 0.05 and 0.1 has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The energy intensity and GDP at all quantiles have a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions. The relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide is negative at all quantiles except 0.95 and only in 0.05, 0.1, 0.7 and 0.8 quantiles is significant. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, given that GDP has the greatest impact on carbon dioxide emissions, it is recommended that by upgrading production technologies, preparation renewable energy infrastructure and issuing permits to enter less polluting industries into the countries studied, create the conditions that economic growth due to the increase in GDP to be accompanied by the lowest emissions of pollutants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Optimization model for production productivity considering the external costs of Co2 emission in the kiln Department of cement factory (case study)
Ahmad Naghiloo Sajjad Emami Ata chitsaz khoie Mohammad FathalilooIntroduction: Cement factories are highly energy- and cost-intensive industries. Energy consumption in thecement industry is in the form of fossil energy carriers such as natural gas and fuel oil that are major sources ofCo2 emissions. Since carbon dioxide emission from MoreIntroduction: Cement factories are highly energy- and cost-intensive industries. Energy consumption in thecement industry is in the form of fossil energy carriers such as natural gas and fuel oil that are major sources ofCo2 emissions. Since carbon dioxide emission from cement manufacturing has a high percentage of the total Co2production in the world, there is a high potential for controlling and reducing Co2 emission.Materials & Methods: In this paper, the theory of microeconomics firm was used to present a model foroptimal production productivity considering the external costs of Co2 production in cement industry. To showthe effect of Co2 emission in the model, Co2 emissions is considered as a function of energy consumption andthen added to the set of constraints.Results & Discussion: Eventually by solving the presented model by an advanced mathematical programmingnamed GAMS software, Co2 emission is reduced by 15% and total annual cost is reduced by 6% which areremarkable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Economical and Environmental Costs Analysing of Replacing Gas and Electric Water Heaters with the Solar Water Heaters
Hossein Yousefi Younes Noorollahi Somayeh ToghyaniBachground and Objective: Following the oil crisis in the seventies and the rising cost of fossil fuels, the use of renewable energies flourished. Applying of new and renewable energies, especially solar energy, the divine eternal source due to its easy availability and MoreBachground and Objective: Following the oil crisis in the seventies and the rising cost of fossil fuels, the use of renewable energies flourished. Applying of new and renewable energies, especially solar energy, the divine eternal source due to its easy availability and, in recent years more attention has been scientists and students of the energy. A variety of methods exist for the use of clean energy and eternal God, but heating water using solar water heaters, as perhaps is the easiest and most economical method. Method: In this study, environmental and economic feasibility of using solar water heater systems in residential buildings, 6 units (households with 4 or 5 persons) using real data in the environment of Retscreen software has been studied. Findings and Conclusion: Results of this research show that the replacement of gas water heaters with the solar water heaters, the annual savings in natural gas consumption to supply hot water for the entire households is consuming 5,820 cubic meters. And the rate of annual economic savings equals 6402000 rials will be replace the electric water heaters the solar water heaters, electrical energy savings of 22,995 kWh annually and annual economic savings of 120,244,000 Iranian Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Study of factors affecting carbon dioxide emission in the country (With refined Laspeyres decomposition analytic method)
Hadieh Alishiri Shahrzad Mohamadkhanli Azam MohammadbagheriBackground and Objective: Current efforts to stabilize and reduce greenhouse gas emission, particularly carbon dioxide to achieve sustainable development is not at an acceptable level and more effort is needed, thus, identifying factors affecting CO2 emission is essenti MoreBackground and Objective: Current efforts to stabilize and reduce greenhouse gas emission, particularly carbon dioxide to achieve sustainable development is not at an acceptable level and more effort is needed, thus, identifying factors affecting CO2 emission is essential for the assessment of policies and strategies. Scale of economic activity, change in composition of the economy, carbon intensity and energy intensity can be considered as the most important factors in all sectors, but with the differences in the impact of these factors in each of the sectors of the economy, Iran's economy is divided into four sectors as Home and business, Industry, transport and agriculture and in the period 1380-1391 was studied. Method: A study technique is "refined Laspeyres decomposition method". Findings: The results indicate that in all sectors change in composition of the economy has caused the greatest impact on CO2 emission. Discussion and Conclusion: the obtain result shown, Positive effect of scale of economic activity also shows that with the current method of industrialization of country and due to fossil fuel consumption, CO2 emission increase is inevitable. Also, during the study period due to the efforts of the authorities to increase energy efficiency and improve fuel quality impact of carbon intensity effect in all sectors except transportation is negative. However, Growth in energy consumption in the transport sector would enervate the positive effects of these policies. During the study period, the implementation of policy Gas rationing and subsidies are the most important causes of the erratic energy intensity effect in all sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigation of Per capita CO2 Dynamics in OPEC Countries (β and σ Convergence Approach)
Davoud Hamidi Razi Majid FeshariBackground and Objective: The investigation of CO2 dynamics, using β and σ convergence approaches, is one of the crucial issues in environment economics. Also, design of the coherent policies aiming at fulfilling international protocol targets such as Ky MoreBackground and Objective: The investigation of CO2 dynamics, using β and σ convergence approaches, is one of the crucial issues in environment economics. Also, design of the coherent policies aiming at fulfilling international protocol targets such as Kyoto protocol and Copenhagen summit depends on both the levels and the distribution of per capita CO2 emissions among countries. For this purpose, the main goal of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of per capita CO2 in OPEC countries during 1970-2013. Method: In this study, to test the convergence hypothesis of per capita CO2 emissions, two measures of convergence, σ-convergence and β-convergence, are adopted. The empirical absolute β-convergence model has been stipulated within cross-sectional data and fitted by ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. In order to test σ-convergence, the standard deviation of per capita CO2 emissions was calculated during the study period (1970-2013), and its trend was drawn. Findings: The major findings indicate that both convergences (β and σ) have occurred in these countries and the speed of β convergence is high (0.97 %). Also, the emission level that all countries' per capital emissions converge to and the time periods required for catching-up process were estimated to be 4.18(ton) and 5.31(year), respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the occurrence of caching-up process for per capita CO2 emissions among OPEC members was confirmed. Moreover, the dispersion of per capita CO2 emissions among OPEC countries has a downward trend and has declined. According to the results, adoption of fair and similar environmental policies for reduction of CO2 emissions among OPEC countries is the applicably implied policy in this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Impact of Population Ageing on Environmental Pollution in Iran
Navid Kargar Dehbidi * Mohammad Hassan TarazkarAbstract Background and Objective: The world’s population is ageing and virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in its population. It is predicted that old population will double from 2015 to 2030 i MoreAbstract Background and Objective: The world’s population is ageing and virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of older persons in its population. It is predicted that old population will double from 2015 to 2030 in Iran. Actually, more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, and urbanization rate is over 70% in Iran. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of population ageing and urbanization on air pollution over the period of 1971 to 2013 in Iran. Method: In this study, based on the results of variables stationary, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was applied. Findings: The results revealed that the relationship between old population and CO2 emission per capita is inverted U-shaped and statistically significant, and CO2 emission initially increases with the increase of old population and then drops with the increase of old population. Moreover, the results imply that a relative increase in urbanization in the short and long terms is associated with the increase of CO2 emissions per capita. It was also found that gross domestic production and energy consumption per capita positively affect CO2 emissions per capita in the short and long terms. Technological advances have a significant positive effect on per capita CO2 emissions in the long term. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, according to the urbanization coefficient which has the greatest influence on pollution emissions (3.63 in the long term), the measures should be taken by policymakers to minimize the damage of urbanization growth to the environment. In other words, urban development plans should be designed in harmony with the environmental issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Social (External) Costs of NOx, SO2 and CO2 Emissions from Energy Sector (Power Plants) in Iran
Nastaran Rahimi Narges Kargari Hassan Samadyar Mohamman Nikkhah MonfaredIn this research social (external) cost of NOx, SO2 and CO2 emissions from energy sector (powerplants) in Iran were estimated. For the first time, we used benefit transfer method and by adjustinginternational coefficients of social costs, these costs estimated for each MoreIn this research social (external) cost of NOx, SO2 and CO2 emissions from energy sector (powerplants) in Iran were estimated. For the first time, we used benefit transfer method and by adjustinginternational coefficients of social costs, these costs estimated for each kind of power plants (includingsteam, gaseous, and combined cycle). Different scenarios in this research are consisting of carbontrading, life statistical indexes, etc. At first level we survey 5 selected power plants (for case study) inIran and then the results generalized to all power plants.Social (external) costs for 3 above mentioned gases; each type of power plants and for one kilowatthours of electricity was estimated. The range of social (external) cost for each Kwh of electricity is690 to 1330 Rials. The results define that average social (external) cost per kilowatt hours is about1330 Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - An approach towards designing a new sanitary landfill system for treatment of emissions from decomposition in urban gas network
mohammad javad zoqi Mohammad Reza DoostiBackground and Objective: The main components of landfill biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are greenhouse gases. Methane is a greenhouse gas with global warming potential of 21 times greater compared to CO2. In this paper, a new method is proposed fo MoreBackground and Objective: The main components of landfill biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are greenhouse gases. Methane is a greenhouse gas with global warming potential of 21 times greater compared to CO2. In this paper, a new method is proposed for landfilling to reduce landfill gas emissions and to prevent entry of air into the landfill. Method: This paper presents a new landfill design and system for air ingress prevention and landfill gas containment. In addition, in this paper Aspen Hysyssoftware was used for the dynamic simulation of separation of CO2 from landfill gas by adsorption process in the ethanolamine solution. Findings: The new system proffers more control over the biogas extraction and processes of anaerobic digestion than conventional landfills. In the new system, the landfill gas purification process becomes cheaper due to reduction of air ingress. Conclusion: The new system can be applied on tipycal landfills. Using this new system, biogas purification and exploitation will become economical in more landfills, and the increased use of biogas will result in greater use of renewable energy sources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Study of Education Effects and Their Comparison on the Environment Pollution at the Different Educational Levels In Selected MENA Countries
Sediqe Atrkar roshan Zahra fathiBackground and Objective: With population growth and industrialization, our environment has been exposed to serious threats in recent decades. One of the most important threats is the human performance that has incurred so many serious damages to the environment, becaus MoreBackground and Objective: With population growth and industrialization, our environment has been exposed to serious threats in recent decades. One of the most important threats is the human performance that has incurred so many serious damages to the environment, because of the lack of sufficient knowledge. By increasing the knowledgs and understanding of people, we can take a great steps to have a better protection of environment. The purpose of this research is to study the role of education on air pollution (growth of CO2 emission) in selected MENA countries. Method: For hypotheses testing, the dynamic panel data (DPD) and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) has been applied for 12 selected MENA countries including Iran during the years between 1992 to 2012. Findings: The findings of this study show the meaningful and positive impact of the education variable (at different educational levels) on the improvement of environmental quality and the decrease of air pollution. Discussion and Counclusion: At the MENA selected countries, the higher the educational level, the less the air pollution decreases. In other words, the effect of education is stronger at the elementary education level. Therefore, the expansion of public education levels with emphasize on elementary schools, about environmental protection in Iran and other MENA countries is suggested for the improvement of environment quality Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Design of a supply chain network considering environmental factors under uncertainty and solving the model by multi- objective differential evolutionary algorithm (MODE)
Mohammad Mahdi Saffar Hamed Shakouri Ganjavi Jafar RazmiBackground and Objective: Today, design of a supply chain network which balances economic and environmental issues is attractive not only for researchers and practitioners, but also for managers and industrial decision makers. Method: This study introduces a bi-objecti MoreBackground and Objective: Today, design of a supply chain network which balances economic and environmental issues is attractive not only for researchers and practitioners, but also for managers and industrial decision makers. Method: This study introduces a bi-objective supply chain network which uses a fuzzy approach in order to include uncertainty in parameters of the model and apply it to a real case. Moreover, this model takes environmental and economic issues into account simultaneously. This consideration occurs in production and recovery technologies. Furthermore, the aim of the represented model is to choose the optimal production technology at all centers, the optimal production planning, facilities and location and the optimal number of those technologies which must be purchased. The fuzzy model is converted to an auxiliary crisp model by Jimenez approach and then solved with є-constraint. For the large sized problems, the Multi Objective Differential Evolutionary algorithm (MODE) is applied. Findings: It was shown that the cost objective functions and CO2 emission objective function are in conflict with each other, implying that any increase in one of them leads to decrease of another one and vice versa. Totally, it can be concluded that the -constraint method and the MODE method are appropriate and qualified methods for solving the auxiliary crisp model of supply chain network design problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Nuclear energy and Environmental Quality Approach to Data Integration
parvaneh salatin Niloufar Ghaffari SomeaIn recent decades, demand for energy to achieve economic growth has increased, and accessible resources, especially resources of fossil fuels, have sharply decreased. Uncontrolled and ever-increasing consumption of various energy carriers such as oil, gas, and coal has MoreIn recent decades, demand for energy to achieve economic growth has increased, and accessible resources, especially resources of fossil fuels, have sharply decreased. Uncontrolled and ever-increasing consumption of various energy carriers such as oil, gas, and coal has more than ever attracted the attention of countries to two important issues, namely non-renewability of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. Thus, one of the most important priorities in energy policies is diversification of energy resources and also finding an energy resource which is safe, cheap and free of greenhouse gases. Nuclear energy, therefore, is important. In this regard, the main objective of this paper is analyzing the effect of nuclear energy consumption on environmental quality in the set of selected countries. This is an applied research by objective, a causal research by study method, and an inferential research by methodology. Results from model estimation by the method of fixed effects in the selected countries in the 2004-2014 period show that nuclear energy consumption has a negative and meaningful effect on CO2 emission as an indicator of environmental quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analysis the Kuznets Curve in industry sector of Iran
Roya SeifipourAbstractBackground and Purpose: In the development process, economic activities are associated with positive and negative environmental effects in countries. What is observed physically and in the present is the production of the product and the resulting growth in econ MoreAbstractBackground and Purpose: In the development process, economic activities are associated with positive and negative environmental effects in countries. What is observed physically and in the present is the production of the product and the resulting growth in economic activities. While by assessing the environmental activities of economic activities and recognizing its direct and indirect negative effects on society now and in the future, the net effects of economic activities can be identified.Material and Methodology: The industrial sector is fundamental to economic growth. The industrial sector's share of total economic activity equals 16 percent. Sometimes its activities are accompanied by the destruction of the environment. This article examines the factors affecting CO2 emissions with an emphasis on the industrial sector by using the ARDL and FMOLS methods for the years 94-1360.Finding: The results of this study confirm EKC Technology. In other words, by increasing the value added of industry, the emission increases but its slope decreases (inverse u shape). With increasing fossil fuel consumption and globalization, emissions will increase.Discussion and Conclusion: Compare the results of the short-run and long-run model showing the sensitivity of Co2 emissions to fossil fuel consumption and the long run globalization index is larger than the short run. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Performance Investigation of the Membrane PEEK/PVA Modified with ZnO Nanoparticle for CO2 Separation
Ahmad Bahreini Arezoo Ghadi Mojtaba Masoumi -
Open Access Article
25 - Synthesis 3a, 4-dihydronaphtho [2, 3-c] furan-1(3H)-one in the presence of CO2 and NiCo2O4 Nano catalyst
Shima Saberi Rahelej Zhiani Jamshid Mehrzad Alireza MotavalizadehkakhkyIn recent years, significant progress has been made in the use of non-toxic, recyclable, available and affordable CO2 for the production of organic composites. The goal of this research is to synthesize NiCo2O4 nanoparticles and investigate their performance on the thre MoreIn recent years, significant progress has been made in the use of non-toxic, recyclable, available and affordable CO2 for the production of organic composites. The goal of this research is to synthesize NiCo2O4 nanoparticles and investigate their performance on the three-component and efficient reaction of 3a, 4-dihydronaphtho [2, 3-c] furan-1(3H)-one. The structure and morphology of nanoparticles were analyzed by EDX, TEM, SEM, FT-IR and XRD analysis and the effect of various parameters such as solvent, temperature, time, amount of catalyst and substrate on the process of reactions was investigated. The results showed that the reaction of 3a,4-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one, at a temperature of 60℃, with 8 mg of NiCo2O4 NPs catalyst and without solvent in the presence of electron-donating alkynes, had 94% efficiency. Catalysts can be recycled; NiCo2O4 Nano catalysts are separated from the solvent by a magnet. After 10 uses, their performance decreased slightly. The nanoparticles used have outstanding properties such as thermal stability, high mechanical properties, good active sites, and a very large contact surface, allowing them to be used in several reactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effect of Focal Distance and Type of Auxiliary Gas on Cut Width in CO2 Laser Cutting of Stainless and Mild Steel Sheets
Hossein Taheri Hamid Zarepour Firouzabadi Majid Hashemzadeh -
Open Access Article
27 - An Intelligent Knowledge Based System for CO2 Laser Beam Machining for Optimization of Design and Manufacturing
Morteza Sadegh Amalnik -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation of CO2/CH4 Gas Separation in PVA and PVC Mixed Matrix Membrane Permeation Models
Elaheh Gandomkar Ghalhari Samaneh Koudzari Farahani Abdolreza Moghadassi Ezzatollah Joudaki Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini -
Open Access Article
29 - Studying the effects of Gas and Liquid velocities in modeling of the simultaneous removal CO2 and H2S using MEA in a hollow fiber membrane contactor
E Amirahmadia M Talaghat -
Open Access Article
30 - Advance polymeric membrane to CO2 separation
Samaneh Bandehali Abdolreza Moghadassi -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of a passive activity session on cardio-respiratory performance indicators in sedentry young men
Ebrahim Ahmadian Hiran Marafat siahkohian Reza Farzizadeh Mohammad GhaderiObjective: Inactive lifestyle is related to inefficient cardiorespiratory function. The purpose of the research was to compare the changes in cardiorespiratory performance indicators of inactive youth during a session of passive activity.research methodology:This study MoreObjective: Inactive lifestyle is related to inefficient cardiorespiratory function. The purpose of the research was to compare the changes in cardiorespiratory performance indicators of inactive youth during a session of passive activity.research methodology:This study is a semi-experimental type and the statistical population of the current study includes inactive students with an average age of 22.07 ± 1.86 years, height 173.71 ± 5.63, weight 11.24 ± 70, body mass 23.32 ± 3.61) of the university Ardabili researcher. Among them, 28 inactive young people were selected as research subjects. Cardio-respiratory fitness of the subjects was measured using the aerobic aerobic test with an intensity of 75 to 85% of the maximum heart rate. Cardio-respiratory indices were measured by a respiratory gas analysis device.Findings: The findings of this research showed that a session of exercise had a significant effect on the values of cardiac and respiratory indicators (heart rate (RR), maximum oxygen ventilation equivalent (EQO2), carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent (EQCO2), tidal volume). (VT) and pulmonary ventilation (VE)) expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), expiratory oxygen partial pressure (PETO2)) during different pre-activity stages, aerobic threshold, active rest and anaerobic threshold, there is a significant difference (>0.05) P).Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it seems that an activity session of a helpless type that causes incremental changes in the values of cardio-respiratory and functional heart indices, and can be a suitable criterion for estimating cardio-respiratory fitness in low-income students. be mobility Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of external and internal shading devices on energy consumption and co2 emissions of residential buildings in temperate climate
Samira Razazi Fatemeh Mozaffari Ghadikolaei Raheleh Rostami -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of Sr substitution on structural, redox and catalytic properties of nano-particles La1-xSrxMn0.5Co0.5O3 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) as a catalyst for CO oxidation
Marzieh Lotfi Ahmad Gholizadeh Azim Malekzadeh -
Open Access Article
34 - Compensate for reduced yield due to late water stress by using growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan sayd fazel fazeli kakhki Mohammad JoleiniThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources MoreThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources to grain in the remobilization process in the stopping last irrigation, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm of Kashmar research station in 2020-2021. The main plots were two variety of wheat: V1: Sirvan and V2: Rakhshan, the subplots were growth enhancers including (T1: Control, T2: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + amino acid (2:1000); T3: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + micronutrient (2:1000); T4: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + humic acid (2:1000). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained from T3 treatment in the Sirvan cultivar. In both Sirvan and Rakhshan varieties, the highest peduncle length was recorded from a foliar spray of T3. The highest plant dry weight (1290 g.m-2) per square meter was also obtained from T2 in Sirvan. Grain weight per square meter in the Sirvan cultivar was 651, 582, and 462 g.m-2 from the application of T2, T3, and T4, respectively, which was higher than the Rakhshan cultivar in these treatments. The highest amount of photosynthesis was 19.1 μCO2mol.m-2. s-1, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 (Ci) were obtained in the Sirvan cultivar by T2 application. In general, the effect of T2 treatment on photosynthesis and yield indicates compensation for the lack of grain yield (52% increase) and biomass (51%) due to the last water stop in the Sirvan cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Dynamics and Separation-based Adsorption of Binary Mixtures of CH4, CO2 and H2S on MIL-47: GCMC and MD Studies
Abbas Shahsavani Zohreh Ahadi Vahid Sokhanvaran Maryam Taghizadeh Mosfata Hadei Muhammad Shadman Lakmehsari -
Open Access Article
36 - Dynamics and Separation-based Adsorption of Binary Mixtures of CH4, CO2 and H2S on MIL-47: GCMC and MD Studies
Abbas Shahsavani Zohreh Ahadi Vahid Sokhanvaran Maryam Taghizadeh Mostafa Hadei Muhammad Shadman Lakmehsari -
Open Access Article
37 - The Effect of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and International Business on Greenhouse Gas Emission in Iran
taghi torabi Amin khajooeipour samaneh tarighi mohammadreza pakravanAbstract Nowadays the people all over the world are increasingly worried about the emission of greenhouse gas and the environmental changes resulted. Since Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the main source of pollution and emission of greenhouse gas, this paper is to study the r MoreAbstract Nowadays the people all over the world are increasingly worried about the emission of greenhouse gas and the environmental changes resulted. Since Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the main source of pollution and emission of greenhouse gas, this paper is to study the relationship between the emission of this gas caused by energy consumption, economic growth and international trading in Iran during 1971-2011 based on environmental biology Kuznets Curve in practice. So, auto-distribution method with vast stops is used. The results represent that the use of energy, real gross national production per person and the rate of economy openness has a positive and significant effect on the emission of CO2. Furthermore, for the acceleration of short-term dividend pattern adjustment toward long-term balancing, error correction pattern is used. The coefficient estimated for ECM is -0.49 representing that imbalance of CO2 emission can be adjusted after two years by changing the level of energy consumption, national gross production and the rate of economy openness. By considering the increase of CO2 emission in Iran, it is necessary to make new environmental policies to decrease environmental destruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Calculation of Elasticity of CO2 Emission Intensity of Energy-Intensive Industries with the Approach of Identifying Important Input-Output Coefficients
Elaheh Shareie Ali Faridzad ali asghar banoueiAbstract &nbs MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to analyses the effect of changes in technology and distribution of economic sectors on CO2 emission intensity of the first five Iranian energy intensive industries used identifying Important Coefficients based on 2011 input-output table. The results of two Leontief Demand-Driven and Ghosh Supply-Driven Approaches show that one percent changing in technology of production and distribution of product of chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing, coking, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel and manufacture of basic metal products will reduce more than one percent of CO2 emissions intensity. Since that mentioned sectors are in inappropriate condition due to their great potential CO2 emissions intensities, hence it is essential to make emission reduction policies about these sectors to reduce CO2 emissions intensity significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effect of Power and Maximum Cutting Speed on the Material Removal Rate and Cutting Volume Efficiency in CO2 Laser Cutting of Polycarbonate Sheets
Majid Hashemzadeh Mehdi Mahammadi -
Open Access Article
40 - The Effect of Power, Maximum Cutting Speed and Specific Point Energy on the Material Removal Rate and Cutting Volume Efficiency in CO2 Laser Cutting of Polyamide Sheets
Majid Hashemzadeh Reza Poorshaban -
Open Access Article
41 - Optimizing the Cutting of Inconel 718 Sheets with CO2 Laser by Particle Swarm Algorithm
Saeid Kiani Rasoul Tarkesh Esfahani Zahra ZojajiIn this paper, the impact of different operative variables on the quality of cutting of Inconel material 718 is studied. Utilizing Taguchi test design, the input variables including carbon dioxide laser power and the cutting speed for cutting three different thicknesses MoreIn this paper, the impact of different operative variables on the quality of cutting of Inconel material 718 is studied. Utilizing Taguchi test design, the input variables including carbon dioxide laser power and the cutting speed for cutting three different thicknesses of Inconel 718 alloy were investigated in order to achieve the optimal conditions. After obtaining experimental test results, dataset was modeled using artificial neural networks. The neural network model is then used for evaluating candidate solutions in particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm which is employed for optimization of cutting conditions. The results indicated that when the laser power of is 1714 (W), the cutting speed is 1382 (mm/min) and the thickness of the material is 0.8 (mm), The best quality for cutting Inconel 718 is achieved with a carbon dioxide laser cutting machine. The results of optimal cutting parameters of Inconel alloy with carbon dioxide laser which were obtained by PSO were verified through an experimental test and similar papers. The results of this experimental test were very close to the optimal values of the PSO, which demonstrates the efficiency of neural network model in predicting the quality of cutting and the efficiency of PSO in finding optimal conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Environmental impact assessment of employing intelligent transportation systems on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Iran (Case Study: Karaj-Chalous axis)
Mohammadreza Samavi Mostafa Panahi Zahra Abedi -
Open Access Article
43 - A spatiotemporal analysis of the continent-wide contribution of agriculture in CO2-eq production from 1990 to 2019 using the t-map package of R software
Iman Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
44 - Kinetic comparison of Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/MgO-Al2O3 nano structure catalysts in CO2 reforming of methane
Zahra Alipour Fereshteh Meshkani Mehran Rezaei -
Open Access Article
45 - Catalytic applications of porous organic polymers in CO2 fixation
Erfan Abdoli -
Open Access Article
46 - Gas contaminants capturing by gamma-carbonic anhydrase catalyst: A quantum chemical approach
Mina Ghiasi Nahal Majdoddin Ebrahim Esalati -
Open Access Article
47 - تجزیه و تحلیل و مدلسازی عملکرد، انتشارات CO2 و میزان انرژی برای تولید ریحان در ایران با استفاده از شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی
سجاد رستمی سمیه چوبین بهرام حسینزاده سامانی زهرا اسمعیلی حماد ذرعیفروشاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی رابطه بین انرژی­های ورودی و عملکرد تولید ریحان گلخانهای و هم­چنین گازهای گلخانهای انتشار یافته از این محصول انجام شد. دادهها از24 گلخانه به روش پرسشنامهای و بصورت چهره به چهره با کشاورزان جمع­آوری گردید. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی رابطه بین انرژی­های ورودی و عملکرد تولید ریحان گلخانهای و هم­چنین گازهای گلخانهای انتشار یافته از این محصول انجام شد. دادهها از24 گلخانه به روش پرسشنامهای و بصورت چهره به چهره با کشاورزان جمع­آوری گردید. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که انرژی ورودی کل 119852.9مگاژول بر هکتار وانرژی خروجی کل 61040مگاژول بر هکتار میباشد. بالاترین سهم از مصرف انرژی مربوط به الکتریسیته با 52200 مگاژول برهکتار و به دنبال آن پلاستیک با 23220 مگاژول بر هکتار و کودهای شیمیایی با 13894مگاژول بر هکتار قرار گرفتند. شاخص نسبت انرژی و بهرهوری به ترتیب 45/. و21/. محاسبه شد که هر دو نشان میدهند کارایی انرژی در بخش کشاورزی پایین میباشد هم­چنین انرژی خالص 72706.9- برآورد شد و کل گازهای گلخانهای منتشر شده از تولید ریحان 9595.6کیلوگرم معادل Co2 محاسبه شد. بیشترین انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این مطالعه مربوط به الکتریسیته با 2.216کیلوگرم معادل Co2بود. نتایج مدلسازی ثابت کرد که شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی میتواند عملکرد ریحان و انتشار گازهای گلخانهایCo2 با درجه بالایی از دقت و صحت R2=0.99) و(MSE= 0.00023 پیشبینی کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - A Facility Location Problem in a Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design by Considering Defective Products
Zahra Zanjani Foumani Ensieh Ghaedy heidary Amir Aghsami Masoud Rabbani -
Open Access Article
49 - Factors influencing the release of co2 in Iran (Case study plants)
مرجان Daman keshan محسن Nazari الهام سادات RezaeiThe environmental problems especially climate changes due to significant increase in green housegases,have been a global problem in last few decads. Among the green housegases,carbondioxid(co2 )is the most important. The average co2 emission is increased 607 kg in 1967( MoreThe environmental problems especially climate changes due to significant increase in green housegases,have been a global problem in last few decads. Among the green housegases,carbondioxid(co2 )is the most important. The average co2 emission is increased 607 kg in 1967(1346) to 4977.7 kg in 2003(1382) and 6881.7 kg in 2007(1386)respectively.It shows that co2 emissionrate is 11times.The social costs for deterioration of environmental due to consumption of fossil fules in 2007(1386) in Iran for SPM,CO2 ,SO2 ,NOX,is about 92195 Bilion Iranian Rials which equals to 19.3% of GDP.The CO2 portion has been 39381 Bilion Iranian Rials which is about 9414 Bilion Iranian Rials was emitted by power plants.Therefor ,the factors that affecting co2 emission ,should be studied considering high rate of co2 production in Iran especially by power plants.In this research by means of algebraic decomposition methods the observed changes are analyzed in to five different factors:productioneffect,structural effect, energy intensity effect and ful mix effect.This research has been done for period of 2001-2006(1380-1385) for the Iranian power plants.The research shows that out put effect was the most effect on increasing co2 emissions.And co2 emissions are possible to decrease without decrease out put if structural and efficiency energy and ful mix improves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Energetic, Economic and Environmental (3E) Evaluation of Grid-Connected Wind-Powered Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station: Effect of Wind Turbine Type
Iman Pishkar Amin Mirzakhani -
Open Access Article
51 - Potential of Using Residential Scale Solar Heat in Pakistan: Finding the Best Station
Mahshid Babaei Mehdi Jahangiri Rashid Riahi Farhad Raeiszadeh Habib Ur Rahman Habib -
Open Access Article
52 - Preliminary assessment of using solar-based systems in the facade of building in Abadan: A sustainable development approach
Sayed Ehsan Badakhshian Mohammad Baharvand -
Open Access Article
53 - Iranian Electrical Production and Consumption System Modeling: A Theoretical Study for Investigation of Possible Scenarios
Abolfazl Aghasi -
Open Access Article
54 - Attaining Environmental Sustainability Through Cashew Nut Production in India: Revisiting the Role of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth
Noushad Cheriyambadan Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath Hassan Shareef -
Open Access Article
55 - Thermodynamic analysis of utilization of horizontal geothermal heat pump for optimizing energy consumption and reducing CO2 emission (Case study: Shahrood City, Iran)
mohammad mohammadiun Mojtaba Montazeri hamid mohammadiun Meisam sadi Mohammad Hossein Dibaee Bonab