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Open Access Article
1 - The Effect of A Course of Selected Aerobic Exercises on the Mood Disorders in Students Aged
قاسم رحیمی محمد کارگر اصغر آقاییThe main purpose of the present research is to investigate the impact of a certain exposure of aerobic exercises and movements on the subjects with modal disorders (depression and mania). The subjects were years old male students in the city of Shiraz in the Province MoreThe main purpose of the present research is to investigate the impact of a certain exposure of aerobic exercises and movements on the subjects with modal disorders (depression and mania). The subjects were years old male students in the city of Shiraz in the Province of Fars, Iran. Shiraz is divided into four educational areas. In this investigation, the researcher randomly took four schools each of which is located in one of the four areas. Then, from each school three classes were randomly chosen. Thus, we had classes with subjects who were given the pretest of MMPI personal questionnaires. Then their reactions were evaluated and graded, and those who had answered over average on the test of depression and the test of mania, being exactly , were marked as the trial subjects. Then, from each group with any of the disorders, the researcher chose subjects randomly, and each group of was divided into two subgroups of ten, regarding their prestest scores, to be as the experimental groups were exposed to the treatment, ie, the defined aerobic movements and exercises given in three sessions per week for about two months ( weeks) and each session lasted forty-five minutes and the treatment matched tension of vo max , and of course the control group during the period of treatment did not receive any regular sport program and activity. At the end, the groups were given their post-test to see if there was any important change in their reactions to the test. The results were analyzed by comparing their co-variances which led to the following findings: a. A significant difference was observed in the averge of the testees' scores of the subjects with the depression problem regarding their post and pre reactions. b. There was also a significant difference between the average scores of mania subjects comparing their post-and pre-test scores. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effects of Aerobic Training and Chlorella Consumption on Renal Antioxidant Indices in Male Diabetic Rats
امینه صحرانورد افسانه امامی مقدمInroduction & Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and chlorella supplementation on renal antioxidants in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods:50 male adult wistar rats were randomized into healthy contro MoreInroduction & Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and chlorella supplementation on renal antioxidants in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods:50 male adult wistar rats were randomized into healthy control, diabetic control, training, supplement (chlorella) and training-supplementation(synergistic intervention) groups and the diabetes induced using intraperitoneal injection of sterptozocin (STZ). Throughout the intervention period, chlorella extract was consumed daily with the dosage equal to 5% of body weight prior to the morning meal for eight weeks and the training was included on treadmill running for 5 days/week (on a smart automated animal device). The data were compared using two way factorial and one way ANOVA. Results: In all groups the higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as lower body weight compared to healthy controls were remarkable following to intervention period (P<0.05), however; all three interventions diminished the diabetes induced increases in the activity of these enzymes as well as body weight reductions (P<0.05). Furthermore, while there were no between group differences in the effects from training, chlorella supplementation or synergistic intervention upon SOD activity, however; the synergistic effect was better than both them to diminish diabetes induced changes in CAT activity and/or body weight. there is no significant differences were observed in plasma glucose level in between the training and synergistic intervention groups with healthy controls, while a significant difference were demonstrated for these two groups compared to chlorella group (P<0.05). Conclusion: These elevated enzymes activities could probably attributable to the amelioration of the oxidative stress by the organism in the kidneys and the higher lipid peroxidation and hazardous effect from diabetes on kidneys. However; because of the lack of similar evidences and some methodological limitations in this study, more research remains to be done in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats
آسیه عباسی دلویی sahar rezaee alireza barari mozghan ahmadiIntroduction & Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 di MoreIntroduction & Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 40 male Wistar rats (weight 185.2±22.7 gr) randomly were divided into 4 groups including control, diabetes, training and diabetes-training. In this study, the rats were type 2 diabetic using peritoneal injection nicotinamide-STZ. aerobic training performed with intensity of 50-60% VO2max, 5 days a week and for 8 weeks. The levels of the antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in heart tissue were measured using kit and by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at the p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic control rats was lower than the healthy control group (P=0.001). Eight weeks of aerobic training significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the research results, aerobic exercise may improve the cardiac function of diabetic subjects by increasing the antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue. As a result, these training are recommended as adjunctive therapy in these patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Ethanolic Extract of Purslane Seed on Markers of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in lung tissue of Rats Poisoned with Hydrogen Peroxide
Shiva Bahram vash shams parvin farzanegi Mohammad Ali AzarbayjaniBackground and aims: The lung is one of the important tissues of the body and is constantly in contact with the highest oxygen pressure and air pollution, which is very sensitive to the production of free radicals due to the low capacity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim MoreBackground and aims: The lung is one of the important tissues of the body and is constantly in contact with the highest oxygen pressure and air pollution, which is very sensitive to the production of free radicals due to the low capacity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of the present study was to evaluateeffects of aerobic exercise and ethanolic extract of purslane seed on ATP, O-6-MethylguanineDNA methyltransferase (MGMT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and prooxidant-antioxidant balance(PAB) levels in the lung tissue of rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. Materials & Methods: In this experimental trial, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups: (1) control + H2O2 , (2) aerobic exercise, (3) aerobic exercise and 50 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (4) aerobic exercise and 200 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (5) aerobic exercise and 400 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (6) 50 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (7) 200 mg/kg purslane seed extract, (8) 400 mg/kg purslane seed extract, and (9) healthy control. Oxidative stress was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mmol/kg hydrogen peroxide three times a week for eight weeks. Aerobic exercise was performed three sessions a week for eight weeks, and the purslane seed extract was intraperitoneally injected daily at the mentioned doses.Results: Aerobic exercise and purslane seed extract alone or combined significantly increased ATP, MGMT and significantly reduced MDA and PAB levels in lung tissue of rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide (P<0.05). Moreover, the effect of purslane seed extract was dose dependent. Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise together with consumption of purslane seeds each alone and in combination have interactive effects in reducing oxidative stress, repairing DNA and improving mitochondrial function in the lung tissue of rats poisoned with H2O2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparison the effect of one period of anaerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins affecting heart fibrosis in elderly mice
Fatemeh Ghalambor Hossein َAbedntanzi mandana gholami Farshad Ghazalian Introduction & Objective: Aging causes structural changes in the heart that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of aerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins More Introduction & Objective: Aging causes structural changes in the heart that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of aerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins that affect heart fibrosis in elderly mice.Materials & Methods: For the present experimental study, 27 male Wistar rats with an average age of 24 months were prepared from the center of Pasteur Institute and after weighing were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, resistance training and low intensity aerobic training. Then, the aerobic training group started training for 12 minutes with an intensity of 12 meters per minute in the first week, and at the end of the eighth week, the time reached 52 minutes and the intensity was constant. The resistance training group did 8 repetitions in the first week with 5% of body weight and in the eighth week the intensity reached 40% of body weight. Sampling was performed 48 hours after the last training session.Results: results showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of aerobic and resistance training methods on MMP-2 and the percentage of collagen deposition in the heart tissue of elderly mice. But there is no significant difference between the effect of two training methods on MMP-9.Conclusion: According to the results, the use of aerobic and resistance training on heart fibrosis is recommended in consultation with a physician, which is more recommended on the use of resistance training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and Anethum herbal supplementation on lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease in inactive obese men
Ardeshir Zafari Taher Jalili -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of circuit resistance and jogging exercise training on the markers of metabolic syndrome in women with type 2 diabetes
Marzieh Nazari Ramin Shabani Shahram Gholamrezaei darsara -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of aerobic exercise on dehydroepianderestrone and cortisol in in female patients with multiple sclerosis
Fatemeh Zare -
Open Access Article
9 - Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids profile and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes
Rasul Azizi Amin Mohammadi Domieh -
Open Access Article
10 - Effects of eight weeks aerobic training, resistance training and concurrent training on the metabolic syndrome and HbA1c in men with type 2 diabetes
Saman Eskandary Eskandar Rahimi -
Open Access Article
11 - Physical activity and type 2 diabetes: A narrative review
Eskandar Rahimi -
Open Access Article
12 - Regular aerobic training improves insulin resistance but not pancreatic β-cells function in female patients with type 2 diabetes
Mohsen Omidi Mehrzad Moghadasi -
Open Access Article
13 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on VO2max and BMI of overweight and obese women in different types of NRF1 and NRF2 genotypes
Maryam Kamari Masoud Rahmati Mehdi BoostaniAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on VO2max and BMI of overweight and obese women in different types of NRF1 and NRF2 genotypes.Methods: 23 inactive obese women (30-45 years old, body mass index>30) voluntar MoreAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on VO2max and BMI of overweight and obese women in different types of NRF1 and NRF2 genotypes.Methods: 23 inactive obese women (30-45 years old, body mass index>30) voluntarily and purposefully participated in the research. At the beginning of the research the subjects participated in an aerobic training program for eight weeks. Measurements related to height, weight, body mass index and VO2max of the subjects were done before and after the training program. 24 hours after completing the training program, in order to extract DNA and observation of genetic profile by RFLP method, saliva samples were collected in special kits. Subjects were placed in three genotypic groups AA, AC and CC for NRF1 and one genotypic group AA for NRF2. To check the frequency of genotypes Chi-square statistical test and one-way ANOVA test and dependent T-test were used to check the difference between variables.Results: The results of analysis related to NRF1 gene showed that there is non-significant difference in VO2max (p=0.854 and F=0.159) and body mass index (p=0.956 and F=0.036) between groups. Also, the results related to the NRF2 gene showed that the subjects' VO2max increased significantly after eight weeks of aerobic training (p=0.001).Conclusion: The present study showed that only in the NRF2 AA genotype, the endurance capacity of subjects increases due to aerobic exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Intensity and Volume of Exercise Training on Serum Levels of Ceruloplasmin and Malondialdehyde in Elite Handball Player Girls
zahra mehregan Najmeh RezaeianIntroduction: Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus four weeks of aerobic tr MoreIntroduction: Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus four weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde in elite handball player girls.Methods: Thirty young handball player girls (mean aged 16.85±1.4 years), with four years of membership in handball team of North Khorasan province, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of training and one control group. Subjects in experimental groups participated in four weeks of HIIT [running at intensity of 95-90 percentage of maximum heart rate and resting intervals of 1-3 minutes running at 60-50 percentage of maximum heart rate] and aerobic training (running at 50-70 percentage of maximum heart rate, 45-60 minutes per session), three sessions per week. The blood samples were taken factors before and 48 hours after last training session to assess blood factors. Data analysis was done by One-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Pearson correlation, and P<0.05 considered significant.Results: Serum levels of MDA decreased significantly following aerobic training (P=0.044). Moreover, weight (P=0.009), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.002) and body fat percent (P=0.036) decreased significantly following HIIT. Furthermore, aerobic training resulted in significant decline in weight (P=0.008), BMI (P=0.015) and body fat percent (P=0.013).Conclusion: It seems that the volume of training influences on serum levels of MDA; however, ceruloplasmin levels was affected by neither intensity nor volume of training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Apolipoprotein M, Lipid and Metabolic Profiles in Young Sedentary Obese Women
Masoomeh Azami Najmeh RezaeianPurpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according MorePurpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according to the body mass index. Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.According to covariance, there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of ApoM insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol HDL and LDL insulin resistance index weight body fat percentage waist and hip circumferences. T-test findings showed 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant decreases in levels of ApoM and HDL accompanied with significant decreases in levels of insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol and LDL insulin resistance index and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test compared to pre-test. However, there were significant positive correlation between changes in serum levels of Apom following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in cholestrol levels.It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance, despite the deccreases in serum levels of ApoM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The effect of aerobic training on serum levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in middle-aged obese men
Alireza reyhani Ali YaghoubiObesity is associated with increased probability of central nervous system disorders. Therefore, the aim of the current research was the effect of aerobic exercise on the level of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of obese mi MoreObesity is associated with increased probability of central nervous system disorders. Therefore, the aim of the current research was the effect of aerobic exercise on the level of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of obese middle-aged men. For this purpose, 20 obese middle-aged men (35-45 years old and BMI>30) were randomly assigned to two groups of aerobic training and control. Aerobic training was performed 3 sessions a week with an intensity of 80% of the reserve heart rate and 30 minutes in each session. Serum BDNF and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA method. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used for intra-group and inter-group comparisons. The results showed that BMI, PBF and IL-6 level were significantly lower in the post-test of the aerobic training group compared to the pre-test (p<0.05). The level of BDNF increased in the post-test of the aerobic group compared to the pre-test, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.093). Overall, these results show the positive effects of aerobic exercise on BMI, PBF and serum IL-6 levels in obese middle-aged men, but despite the increase in serum BDNF levels in these subjects, this increase was not statistically significant. It seems that traininf intensity was not sufficient to increase BDNF level in line with improvement of systemic inflammation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - media conditioning on the antioxidant and histomorphometry of testis following caffeine consumption in adult male rat
Davoud Rahimi Jabbar Bashiri Alireza NoorAzar رقیه Pouzesh Jadidi Daryoush MohajeriConsidering the consumption of caffeine as a supplement favored by theathletes and the proof of its long-term abuse effects on male fertility, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate aerobic training combined with the conditioning of Sertoli MoreConsidering the consumption of caffeine as a supplement favored by theathletes and the proof of its long-term abuse effects on male fertility, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate aerobic training combined with the conditioning of Sertoli cell media in testicular damage caused by caffeine consumption.For this purpose,30male Wistar rats were tested in5groups.For4weeks, the groups received caffeine at a dose of200 mg/kg orally and group1received of distilled water.42days after that, the conditioned media of Sertoli cells was injected into the efferent ducts of the rats in the treatment group.After8 weeks, mice were sampled.Tissue samples were studied by histomorphometry andSOD,,GPX, TACand MDA.The group under the influence of caffeine compared to the healthy group, significantly(p<0.01).had lower values of seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelium height, interstitial thickness,TAC, SODandGPXand higher values ofMDA. Respectively, the three groups affected by caffeine along with exercise treatment, treatment with media conditioning and exercise along with media conditioning compared to the group affected with caffeine, have higher values of seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelium height, interstitial thickness,TAC, SODandGPX,and MDA values were lower.In the treatment group with media conditioning and exercise, there was a significant difference in the amount of decrease and increase in the mentioned parameters compared to the other two treatment groups (p<0.05).The results of the present study showed that the use of Sertoli cell media conditioning and aerobic exercise at the same time, with synergistic effects, improves the antioxidant defense indices and reduces the harmful effects of caffeine in the testicular tissue of rats.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effect of pumpkin seeds hydroalcoholic extract and endurance training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in uterine tissue in rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide
Shahrzad Asghari mohammadali azarbayjani maghsoud peeri hasan matin homaeeAbstractIntroduction: The imbalance in the prooxidant-antioxidant ratio causes uterine tissue damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pumpkin seed and aerobic training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in uterine tissue in rats toxic MoreAbstractIntroduction: The imbalance in the prooxidant-antioxidant ratio causes uterine tissue damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pumpkin seed and aerobic training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in uterine tissue in rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide. Method: To implementation of this experimental research, 42 male wistar rats randomly were divided into 7 groups. All groups received 100 mg/kg body weight of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 14 days intraperitoneal. Rats in supplemented groups received hydrophilic the rats received supplemental hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight per day by gavage method. Aerobic training was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 23 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week for eight weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, rat uterine tissue was collected. Data were analyzed using by Independent T-test, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at P<0.05. Results: Combined intervention of pumpkin seed extract with aerobic exercise significantly increased methyl guanine levels and oxidant-prooxidant balance (PAB), as well as significantly decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in uterine tissue (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, supplementation of pumpkin seed with aerobic exercise can have a greater effect on improving mitochondrial biogenesis and reducing uterine tissue DNA damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect of Rhythmic Aerobic Training with Core Stability Training on Glycemic and Anthropometric Indices of Overweight Women
nahid venarji abbas mehranpour Hooman angoorani Sareh HasaniIntroduction: Due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity and the need to achieve effective and practical solutions to control them, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a rhythmic aerobic training with core stability training on serum levels of MoreIntroduction: Due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity and the need to achieve effective and practical solutions to control them, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a rhythmic aerobic training with core stability training on serum levels of glucose, insulin, resistance Insulin and anthropometric indices of overweight women. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 80 women with an age range of 25 to 45 years and a body mass index above 25 were purposefully selected and then randomly divided into two groups of control and exercise. Interventions were performed for 12 weeks (three sessions per week, each session for one hour (with an intensity of 80% of the maximum heart rate. Before the start of the study and at the end of the study period, study variables were measured. Independent and dependent t-test were used to analyze the results (P≤0.05). Findings: A period of rhythmic aerobic training with core stability training had a significant effect on reducing the waist circumference, and body fat percentage and insulin resistance of overweight women (p < 0.05). However, it had no significant effect on serum glucose and insulin levels in women. Conclusion: It seems that core stability training can improve the anthropometric indices of overweight women. However, in relation to its effects on glycemic indices, more studies are needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training with Pistacia Atlantica Extract on the Expression of Ghrelin Gene in the Intestinal Tissue of Rats
Saleh Rahmati-AhmadabadIntroduction: Impaired energy balance causes various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, etc. Many peptides are involved in regulating energy balance in the body, of which ghrelin is one of the most important. This study investigates the effect of endurance trainin MoreIntroduction: Impaired energy balance causes various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, etc. Many peptides are involved in regulating energy balance in the body, of which ghrelin is one of the most important. This study investigates the effect of endurance training and Pistacia Atlantica extract (Baneh) (as a plant rich in fatty acids) on ghrelin gene expression in the intestinal tissue of female rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 20 adult female Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups: 1) saline control, 2) saline training, 3) Baneh control, and 4) Baneh + training. Groups 2 and 4 trained on a rodent treadmill for eight weeks (five days a week, each session for 60 minutes at a speed of 25 m / min with a zero slope) while groups 1 and 3 did not. Groups 3 and 4 received Pistacia Atlantica extract and groups 1 and 3 received saline solution before exercise as a gavage (1 mg per gram of body weight). Rats were anesthetized and biopsied 72 hours after the last training session in the fasting state. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Findings: Eight weeks of aerobic training decreased ghrelin gene expression in rats intestinal tissue (p < 0.001) but its expression increased in response to Pistacia Atlantica use (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of a high-fat diet (Baneh extract) increased the expression of the ghrelin gene in intestinal tissue. Eight weeks of aerobic training moderated this increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of aerobic training with chocolate on aerobic power, resting blood pressure and heart rate
Zohreh Goya Zahra Negarandeh sepideh dolati Alemeh hariri farIntroduction: Present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training with chocolate on aerobic power, resting blood pressure and heart rate.Methods: In this quasi- experimental study 40 inactive male selected as sample and divided into four equal groups inclu MoreIntroduction: Present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training with chocolate on aerobic power, resting blood pressure and heart rate.Methods: In this quasi- experimental study 40 inactive male selected as sample and divided into four equal groups including 1) aerobic training, 2) chocolate, 3) aerobic training with chocolate and 4) control. During eight weeks, groups 1 and 3 ran on treadmill for three sessions per week and 30 minutes with intensity of 50 – 60 percentage of maximum heart rate in each session and groups 2 and 3 consumed 10 g chocolate daily. Before and after research period, the aerobic power (by cooper running test), resting blood pressure and heart rate were measured. One-way ANOVA, ANCOVA and paired sample t- test were used for statistical analysis of data (P≤0.05). Results: Eight weeks of aerobic training with chocolate significantly increased aerobic power (P=0.02) and decrease systolic blood pressure (P=0.001).Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training combined with chocolate consumption can improve blood pressure and aerobic power in inactive male. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Interval Training with Grape Seed Nanoparticles Supplementation on Bax and Bcl2 Gene Expression in the Heart Tissue of Myocardial Infarction Rats
Hamid Mohammadi Hosseinabadi Khosro Jalali Dehkordi gholamreza sharifi Zohreh Mazaheri TiraniIntroduction: The use of exercise training and herbal supplements to treat diseases and metabolic disorders has become common among people. Considering the health-improving effects of aerobic training and grape seed nanoparticles extract, the present study was performed MoreIntroduction: The use of exercise training and herbal supplements to treat diseases and metabolic disorders has become common among people. Considering the health-improving effects of aerobic training and grape seed nanoparticles extract, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with grape seed extract supplementation on Bax and Bcl2 gene expression in the heart tissue of rats with myocardial infarction.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 20 rats were divided into four groups of five animals, including: 1) control, 2) aerobic training, 3) grape extract, and 4) training + grape extract. To investigate the effects of myocardial infarction on the study variables, five healthy rats were placed in the healthy control group. For eight weeks, groups 3 and 4 consumed 150 mg of grape extract daily by gavage. Also, groups 2 and 4 performed aerobic interval training, with 7 interval alternations, each including 4 minutes with an intensity of 80-90% VO2max and 3 minutes with an intensity of 65-75% VO2max. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post- hoc tests were used to analyze the findings (P≥0.05).Findings: Induction of myocardial infarction had a significant effect on increasing Bax gene expression and decreasing Bcl2 gene expression in heart tissue (P≥0.001). However, aerobic training along with grape seed nanoparticle extract consumption had a significant effect on reducing Bax gene expression and increasing Bcl2 gene expression in the heart tissue of rats with myocardial infarction (P≥0.01).Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training along with grape extract consumption has more favorable effects on improving Bax and Bcl2 gene levels in myocardial infarction than either alone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic Training with Garlic Supplementation on Anxiety and Depression in Rats Exposed to WIFI Electromagnetic Radiation
Amir Omid Asiye Seyyed Maryam KheirdehIntroduction: It appears that electromagnetic radiations around us can lead to psychological disorders. Even though the role of exercise and herbs in improving mental health has been shown, the interactive effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on the ner MoreIntroduction: It appears that electromagnetic radiations around us can lead to psychological disorders. Even though the role of exercise and herbs in improving mental health has been shown, the interactive effect of aerobic training and garlic supplementation on the nervous system under harmful electromagnetic radiation is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training along with garlic extract consumption on rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation emitted from a WIFI modem.Materials and methods: In this experimental trial, 40 eight-week- male rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into five groups, including: (1) control (C), (2) control + WIFI electromagnetic radiation, (C + WIFI) (3) aerobic training + WIFI electromagnetic radiation (AT + WIFI) (4) garlic extract supplementation + WIFI electromagnetic radiation (GE + WIFI) and (5) aerobic training + garlic extract supplementation + WIFI electromagnetic radiation (AT + GE + WIFI). Groups 2-5 were exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation emitted from a WIFI modem for 1 hour a day for eight weeks. Groups 3 and 5 performed aerobic training for eight weeks, three sessions per week at a rate of 12-18 m / min, and groups 4 and 5 received 800 mg / kg of garlic aqueous extract daily in their drinking water.Findings: Aerobic training and garlic supplementation had a significant effect on reducing depression (P≤0.05) and anxiety (P≤0.05) in rats exposed to WIFI electromagnetic radiation, but garlic supplementation and training had no interactive effect on reducing anxiety and depression in rats (P≥0.05).Conclusion: It seems that the use of either aerobic training or garlic extract supplementation alone has anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects on rats under WIFI electromagnetic radiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Effect of Six Weeks of Selected Aerobic Training on Some Physiological Factors in Elderly Men
Mohsen Khodakaramyan Mehran Ghahramani Nahid Mohammadi Javid Parisa BanaeiIntroduction: Aging is a stage of life that is associated with physiological changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of selected aerobic training on some physiological factors in elderly men.Materials and methods: In this quasi-experime MoreIntroduction: Aging is a stage of life that is associated with physiological changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of selected aerobic training on some physiological factors in elderly men.Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental and applied study, 48 sedentary male elderly volunteers with the age range of 60 - 70 years were selected as the statistical sample in Gilan-e-Gharb and divided into two groups of aerobic training and control (n= 24, in each group). The training protocol was performed for six weeks, three sessions per week and each session lasted one hour with an intensity of 55% of the maximum heart rate. Aerobic capacity, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, red blood cells and hemoglobin were measured before the study and also 48 hours after the last training session. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent samples t-test and dependent samples t-test were used to analyze the research findings (P≤0.05).Findings: Six weeks of aerobic training had a significant effect on improving aerobic power, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, red blood cells, and hemoglobin in elderly men (P = 0.001).Conclusion: It seems that six weeks of aerobic training can be used to improve cardiovascular risk factors as well as hematological factors in elderly men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The effect of Purslane seed supplement and aerobic training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in kidney tissue in rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide
Forogh foladi Mohamad ali Azarbayjani Maghsoud Peeri Farshad GhazalianIntroduction: Various treatment methods such as herbal supplements and lifestyle modification including regular exercise have been recommended to reduce oxidative damage and improve antioxidant defense. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Purslane seed s MoreIntroduction: Various treatment methods such as herbal supplements and lifestyle modification including regular exercise have been recommended to reduce oxidative damage and improve antioxidant defense. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Purslane seed supplement and aerobic training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in kidney tissue of rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 54 male wistar rats randomly were divided into 9 groups. All groups received 100 mg/kg body weight of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 14 days intraperitoneal. Rats in supplemented groups received hydrophilic Purslane seed with doses of 50, 200 and 400 mg per day by gavage method. Aerobic training was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 23 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at P<0.05.Results: The results showed that purslane seeds and the combined intervention of purslane seeds with aerobic training led to significant increase in the levels of O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase and oxidant-prooxidant balance (PAB), as well as significant decrease the amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue of rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide (P=0.001).Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise with purslane seeds can help to reduce the oxidative damage of kidney. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A review on the anti-inflammatory effect of octepamine supplementation following exercise in metabolic disorders
raana mahmudi Mohamad ali Azarbayjani Maghsoud Peeri Parvin FarzanegiBackground: Obesity is a metabolic disease associated with mild inflammation. It seems that the origin of obesity-induced inflammation is the penetration of macrophages into adipose tissue. The aim of this study was review on the anti-inflammatory effect of octepamine s MoreBackground: Obesity is a metabolic disease associated with mild inflammation. It seems that the origin of obesity-induced inflammation is the penetration of macrophages into adipose tissue. The aim of this study was review on the anti-inflammatory effect of octepamine supplementation following exercise in metabolic disorders. Methods: In this study, the keywords Octapamine, Exercise training, Metabolic disorders were searched in all databases including Science of Web, Pubmed, Google, Magiran, SID.IR, scholar risk factors, etc., without year restrictions. Then the articles were categorized based on exercise training and octapamine supplementation in metabolic disorders.Findings: The results of the present study showed that deep-fried oils lead to an increase in NFkB gene expression in the adipose tissue of rats poisoned with deep-fried oil, however it appears that training and octapamine consumption alone lead to a decrease in NFkB, and increases in IL-4 and IL-10 gene expression levels in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with deep-fried oils.ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that deep-fried oils lead to an increase in NFkB gene expression in the adipose tissue of rats poisoned with deep-fried oil, however it appears that training and octapamine consumption alone lead to a decrease in NFkB, and increases in IL-4 and IL-10 gene expression levels in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with deep-fried oils Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Effect of Olibanum Extract with Aerobic Exercise Training on Cognitive Status and Serum BDNF Levels in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
zahra koohestani Mohammad-Ali Kohanpour Craig Duncan sara naeimiIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigation of the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training and consumption of olibanum extract on cognitive status and BDNF levels in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Materials and Methods: 32 elderly people who s MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigation of the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training and consumption of olibanum extract on cognitive status and BDNF levels in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Materials and Methods: 32 elderly people who scored between 21 and 25 in the MMSE questionnaire were purposefully selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: aerobic training, olibanum, aerobic training + olibanum, and placebo (N=8 in each group). Interventions were performed for 12 weeks. Aerobic training consisted of eight minutes of running with an intensity of 75 to 85% of the maximum reserve heart rate in the first session. Both sessions increased running time by one minute until after 12 weeks, the running time reached 26 minutes. Olibanum extract was taken as a capsule at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day.Findings: BDNF levels in both training and training + olibanum groups increased significantly compared to the other two groups (P <0.05). Cognitive status also increased significantly in the three groups of intervention compared with the placebo group (P <0.05).Conclusion: It is possible that 12 weeks of aerobic training and olibanum can slow and possibly stop the progression of MCI by improving the cognitive status in the elderly with MCI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A review on determining the effect of aerobic exercise and octapamine supplementation on vascular function following metabolic disorders
fatemeh shokri Mohamad ali Azarbayjani Maghsood Peeri Farshad GhazalianBackground: Obesity, which is a characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Based on this, obese people are in a mild inflammation condition due to abnormal secretion of inflammatory mediators. There are several mechanisms for the occurrence of this inflammation, the most imp MoreBackground: Obesity, which is a characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Based on this, obese people are in a mild inflammation condition due to abnormal secretion of inflammatory mediators. There are several mechanisms for the occurrence of this inflammation, the most important of which is the increasing production of inflammatory mediators and the reduction of anti-inflammatory mediators. Deep-heated oils, as an integral part of the diet, are one of the causes of inflammation in obesity. Studies show that with the development of obesity, capillary formation in adipose tissue does not occur in line with changes in cell size. Therefore, fat tissue in obese people is always associated with lack of oxygen and the secretion of inflammatory mediators causes systemic inflammation.Methods: To conduct the present study, the keyword terms Aerobic Exercise, Metabolic disorders, and Octapamine were searched in all databases, including Science of Web, Pubmed, Google, Magiran, SID.IR, scholar risk factors, etc., with no year restrictions. The articles were then categorized based on the effect of performing aerobic exercise and octapamine supplementation on vascular function following metabolic disorders.Findings: The results show that aerobic exercise and octapamine supplementation improve the process of angiogenesis of visceral fat tissue that has been disrupted by deep-fried oils and reduces the damage caused by feeding with deep fried oils.Conclusions: Taking deep-heated oils leads to disturbances in fat metabolism in visceral fat tissue, and in this condition, capillary formation in visceral fat tissue decreases significantly and insulin resistance increases. As a result, this is associated with functional disorders of visceral fat tissue. However, aerobic exercise and octapamine improve the angiogenesis process of visceral fat tissue and reduce the damage caused by feeding with deep-heated oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Comparison of three training methods of working with weights, aerobics, TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city
sama zarei Ghobad Hassanpour marya rahmanighobadiObesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are st MoreObesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are still of interest to researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare three methods of aerobic exercise, traditional resistance and TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city. In this applied research, 24 women with an age range of 27 to 32 years and a weight range of 60 to 65 kg were selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into groups of (1) aerobic exercise, (2) resistance exercise and (3) exercise TRX were split. Then, the subjects of each group performed the selected exercises for three sessions a week and each session lasted 40 to 60 minutes during the eight-week period. Body fat percentage, mineral mass, body protein mass, body water percentage and net body mass were measured in the pre-test and post-test of the research by BOCAX1 body composition evaluation device made in South Korea. It seems that the three methods of training did not have a significant difference in changing the body composition of women; Also, the factor of time and the number of training sessions along with daily calorie evaluation have been very important factors in the results of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effect of Eight-Weeks of Aerobic Training with Nano-eugenol Supplementation on Pancreatic Tissue UPC3 Gene Expression and MDA Serum Levels in Diabetic Rats
Shirin Fotovat Khosro Jalali dehkordi Farzaneh TaghianAbstract Introduction: The use of exercise and herbal supplements to treat diseases and metabolic disorders has become popular among the people. Regarding the health-enhancing effects of aerobic training and eugenol, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of MoreAbstract Introduction: The use of exercise and herbal supplements to treat diseases and metabolic disorders has become popular among the people. Regarding the health-enhancing effects of aerobic training and eugenol, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with nano-eugenol supplementation on the gene expression of non-placental protein 3 (UPC3) in pancreatic tissue and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 diabetic rats were divided into four groups of five rats: 1) control, 2) aerobic training, 3) nano-eugenol, and 4) nano-eugenol + training. To investigate the effects of diabetes induction on research variables, five healthy rats were placed in a healthy control group. For eight weeks, groups 3 and 4 received 2 mmol of nano-eugenol by gavage daily, and groups 2 and 4 performed aerobic training at 30 m/s five days a week. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post- hoc test were used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). Findings: Induction of diabetes had a significant effect on increasing UPC3 gene expression in pancreatic tissue and MDA serum levels (P=0.001). However, aerobic training with nano-eugenol had a significant effect on the reduction of UPC3 gene expression in pancreatic tissue (P=0.001) and serum levels (P=0.01). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training along with the use of nano-eugenol has more favorable effects on improving UPC3 gene expression levels and MDA serum levels than the either one alone in diabetes. Keywords: Aerobic Training, Nano Eugenol, UPC3, Malondialdehyde, Diabetes Extended Abstract Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common and growing global health issue. According to the American Diabetes Association, there are about 400 million people with diabetes in the world and it is expected to be increased to more than 600 million people in 2035. In recent years, exercise has been used as a non-pharmacological strategy to control diabetes and its complications. Exercise improves inflammatory diseases such as diabetes by reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (3). Unpaired protein 3 (UPC3) catalyzes adaptive calorific value in muscle due to the increase of proton transfer from the inner mitochondrial membrane. Numerous studies have shown decreased expression of UPC3 mRNA and UPC3 protein in the skeletal muscle of subjects or as a result of aerobic training (4). Currently, the main effective treatment for diabetes is the use of insulin and synthetic drugs that lower blood glucose; but these compounds have several side effects. Given that medicinal plants have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs, therefore, researchers are looking for herbal compounds to treat or prevent this disease. Eugenolor 4-ally1-2-methoxyphenol is an aromatic molecule that is textured in the oils and in the essential oils of various plants, including cloves and cinnamon (6). Various studies have shown that natural antioxidants with phenolic structure play an important role in protecting body tissues against free radicals. According to the presented evidence, eugenol has an important protective effect against lipid peroxidation originated from free radical (7). Therefore, the present study was done to shed light on the ambiguities in this field due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes and its harmful effects on health and the incidence of its complications as well as the effect of antioxidant supplements and the specific type of physical activity on its control and lack of studies on the interactive effects of aerobic training and the use of nano-eugenolon the expression of UPC3 gene and MDA serum levels in diabetic patient. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 25 male Wistar rats were purchased and transferred to the laboratory. Subsequently, 20 rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After confirming the rats as diabetic, fasting glucose-based diabetic rats were divided into four groups of five series including 1) training, 2) eugenol, 3) training + eugenol and 4) control. To investigate the effects of diabetes induction on research variables, the remaining five rats were placed in a healthy control group. For eight weeks, groups 3 and 4 received 2 mmol nano-eugenol daily by gavage (10) and groups 2 and 4 performed aerobic training at a speed of 30 m/min, five days a week according to Table 1 (11). It is noteworthy that eugenol was purchased specifically from Sigma and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Nanoparticles were prepared according to the protocol with a concentration of 10% (10). Forty-eight hours after the last training session and after 14 hours of fasting, rats were injected intraperitoneally with a mixture of ketamine (10% at a dose of 50 mg/kg) and xylazine (2% at a dose of 10 mg/kg) were anesthetized and pancreatic tissue and serum of all rats were extracted. Then, UPC3 gene expression levels were measured by Real Time PCR method and MDA serum levels were measured by ELISA method using zellbio kits made in Germany. The sequence of primers of the present research is presented in Table 2. Kolmogorov- Smirnov tests, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post- hoc test were used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). Findings The results of one-way analysis test showed that there was a significant difference in UPC3 (P=0.001) and MDA (P=0.001) levels of the studied groups. The results of Tukey post- hoc test showed that UPC3 in diabetic control (P=0.001), training (P=0.008), and eugenol (P=0.02) groups was significantly higher than healthy control group. UPC3 in the training + eugenol group was significantly lower than the diabetic control group (P=0.001) and training group (P=0.001). MDA serum levels in diabetic control groups (P=0.001), training group (P=0.02), and eugenol group (P=0.03) were significantly higher than healthy control group. In addition, UPC3 in training + eugenol group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.02). Discussion The results of the present study showed that induction of diabetes had a significant effect on increasing UPC3 gene expression in pancreatic tissue and MDA serum levels. However, aerobic training had no significant effect on pancreatic UPC3 gene expression levels and MDA serum levels in diabetic rats. The findings of some studies show that UPC3 has significant changes due to the consumption of fatty foods, weight gain, as well as under the influence of training and weight loss. Fallahi et al., examined an eight-week period and an acute phase of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on UCP2 and UCP3 in heart tissue of rats and reported an increase in UCP3 expression following the acute phase. They also reported that UCP2 and UCP3 gene expression decreased after a period of HIIT (14). To sum up what was mentioned above, it seems that response to UCPs expression is not related to the type of training; because HIIT was used in the study of Fallahi et al., but it is probably the intensity of the activity that plays a role in the expression of their genes. The researchers said that adaptation to exercise caused the reduction in the expression of UCPs, though; they showed an increase in UCP3 expression after an acute activity. Anyway, increasing or decreasing UCP3 gene expression has been reported inconsistently in various studies (14) and requires further discussion. The results of the present study also showed that eight weeks of eugenol use alone did not have a significant effect on pancreatic tissue UPC3 gene expression levels and MDA serum levels in diabetic rats. However, eight weeks of eugenol consumption along with training had a significant effect on reducing gene expression levels of UPC3 in pancreatic tissue and MDA serum levels in diabetic rats. Moreover, consumption of eugenol with training has a more favorable effect on reducing the expression levels of UPC3 gene in pancreatic tissue and MDA serum levels of diabetic rats than the training alone. In this regard, a significant decrease in the MDA index was observed in the research of Aziz Beigi et al., following incremental resistance training (21). Fetors et al., and Carabolt et al., in their studies also reported a significant decrease in MDA due to the training, the results of which are consistent with the present study (22, 23). Lack of control total calorie intake and calorie consumption of rats along with the measurement of metabolic- cellular parameters is one of the limitations of the present study; therefore, it is suggested that the effect of aerobic exercise with different intensities along with taking nano-eugenolsupplements with different doses on these variables be investigated in the future studies. Conclusion It seems that aerobic training accompanied by nano-eugenol consumption has more beneficial effects than each of them alone on the improving UPC3 gene expression levels and MDA serum levels in diabetics. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch of Islamic Azad University with ethical code: IR.IAU.KHUISF.REC.1398.178. Funding Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch of Islamic Azad University Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Khosro Jalali Dehkordi and Farzaneh Taghian; Methodology and data analysis: Shirin Fotovvat; Supervision and final writing: Khosro Jalali Dehkordi and and Farzaneh Taghian. Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of a period of resistance, endurance and high-intensity interval training on insulin resistance in obese diabetic Wistar rats.
vahideh Riyahi Hassan Morovvati Amir KHosraviIntroduction and purpose: The purpose of this study was the effect of a period of HIIT resistance training on insulin resistance in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 diabetic and healthy obese rats (230±16 grams) we MoreIntroduction and purpose: The purpose of this study was the effect of a period of HIIT resistance training on insulin resistance in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 diabetic and healthy obese rats (230±16 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups. 10 groups were divided into 1- control (no training) 2- intense HIIT interval training 3- aerobic training (traditional resistance) with moderate intensity 4- moderate resistance training 5- intense resistance training. The training groups participated in a 12-week resistance and aerobic training program with 5 sessions per week, and the control group did not participate in any training program. Serum insulin was measured by the ELISA method and according to the standards of the commercial kit (Demeditec Diagnostic insulin) ELIZA made in Germany. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that after 12 weeks of training, the serum insulin of subjects in different training groups (endurance, resistance with medium and high intensity, intense interval) was significantly lower than the healthy group (P=0.001) and higher than the diabetic group. (P=0.001) was. Conclusion: Exercise training (endurance resistance and intense interval) increases serum insulin levels in type 2 diabetic obese male rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of a period of resistance, endurance and HIIT training on serum glucose index in obese diabetic Wistar rats
vahideh Riyahi Hassan Morovvati Amir KHosraviBackground and Purpose: The aim of the present study was the effect of a high-intensity, endurance and intermittent HIIT resistance training course on serum glucose index in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 diabetic obese MoreBackground and Purpose: The aim of the present study was the effect of a high-intensity, endurance and intermittent HIIT resistance training course on serum glucose index in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 diabetic obese rats (230 ± 16 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10: 1- control (no exercise) 2- intense HIIT interval training 3- aerobic training (traditional endurance) ) were divided by moderate intensity, 4- moderate resistance training, 5- intense resistance training. The training groups participated in a 12 weeks resistance and aerobic training program with 5 sessions per week, and the control group did not participate in any training program. Glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase colorimetric method. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that after 12 weeks of training, the subjects of different training groups (endurance running, moderate and high intensity resistance, intense interval) had significantly lower serum glucose than the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Sports training (endurance, resistance and intense interval running) reduces serum glucose in type 2 diabetic obese male rats, there was a slight difference in the reduction of serum glucose between different training groups, but this difference was not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Comparison of the effect of Interval and continuous aerobic training with inspiratory resistance training on apelin 17 and the renin-angiotensin system in men with heart failure
Hamid Talebifard Habib Asgharpour Reza Rezaeeshirazi Abdulamir SaiiariBackground and aims: Aerobic training are interventions based on cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure. The aim of the present study was to comparison of the effect of Interval and continuous aerobic training with inspiratory resistance training on apelin 17 and the r MoreBackground and aims: Aerobic training are interventions based on cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure. The aim of the present study was to comparison of the effect of Interval and continuous aerobic training with inspiratory resistance training on apelin 17 and the renin-angiotensin system in men with heart failure.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 30 men with heart failure were randomly divided into 3 groups of intermittent aerobic exercise, continuous aerobic exercise and control. The training intervention consisted of eight weeks of continue or interval aerobic training in two 10-minute section on a treadmill or ergometers with an intensity of 40-85% of the reserve heart rate, followed by inspiratory resistance training with an intensity of 40-70% S-index. Both exercise protocols were isocaloric and only the method of aerobic exercise was different in the two groups. Analysis of covariance test was used for statistical analysis (P ≥ 0.05).Results: After eight weeks of training, there was a significant decrease in angiotensin I (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in angiotensin II levels (respectively: P = 0.019; P = 0.013) and apelin 17 (P < 0.001) were observed in the continuous and interval training groups compared to the control group. Also, no significant difference was observed between the two continuous and periodic training groups.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be said that continue or interval aerobic training, has positive effects on the renin-angiotensin system by increasing apelin and thus improving cardiovascular function in patients with heart failure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effects of Eight Weeks of Submaximal Running and High-fat Diet on IL-6 Gene Expression in the Muscle Tissue of Male Rats
Shima Ebadi Ardeshir ZafariIt seems that the release of IL-6 from the contracting muscles and accumulation in the blood circulation has a close relationship with the duration and intensity of physical activity. The aime of this experimental study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of sub MoreIt seems that the release of IL-6 from the contracting muscles and accumulation in the blood circulation has a close relationship with the duration and intensity of physical activity. The aime of this experimental study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of submaximal running and high-fat diet on IL-6 gene expression levels in the muscle tissue of an animal model. At the end of the two-week period of keeping under controlled conditions, 40 two-month-old male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of control, high-fat diet, submaximal running, and a combination of high-fat diet and submaximal running. The training groups participated in the aerobic running protocol on the treadmill for five days a week for eight weeks. The polymerase chain reaction method was used to determine the levels of IL-6 gene expression in muscle tissue. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine between-group differences. The effects of high-fat diet and running with submaximal intensity on IL-6 gene expression in muscle tissue are significant. The consumption of high-fat food causes adverse changes in the expression of IL-6 gene, but eight weeks of running with sub-maximal intensity moderates the adverse effects of high-fat diet and creates favorable changes in the expression of IL-6 gene and body weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Serum Concentrations of Nerve Growth Factor and Neurotrophin 4 in Women with Diabetic Neuropathy
Farideh Rezaee namjoo Mahdi Mogharnasi Amir Rashid Lamir Saeid SamarghandianDiabetic neuropathy is a peripheral nerve disorder in people with diabetes that affects the nerve fibers in these patients. This study has been perforemd aiming to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training on serum concentrations of nerve MoreDiabetic neuropathy is a peripheral nerve disorder in people with diabetes that affects the nerve fibers in these patients. This study has been perforemd aiming to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training on serum concentrations of nerve growth factor and neurotrophin 4 in women with diabetic neuropathy. Forty-two diabetic women with the avergae age of 47.97 ±4.58 years were selecetd by convenience sampling. Then, they were randomly divided into three groups including the control, aerobic and resistance training groups (15 people in each group). NGF and NT4 levels were measured by sandwitch ELISA before and after training . The training program was done for eight weeks (three sessions a week) with 50-70% of heart rate reserve. Resistance training was also continued for eight weeks and three sessions a week with an intensity of 40-60% of a maximum repetition. Repeated measures ANOVA test was used for data analysis. The results of the significant increase in serum NGF levels were compared in aerobic (p=0.001) and resistance (p=0.001) groups after eight weeks; the changes were not significant compared to the control group (p≤0.05) and in comparison of the two mentioend groups (P=0.50).Also, significance of the increase in serum NT4 levels was comapred in aerobic (p=0.015) and resistance (p=0.153) groups after eight weeks; the changes in the groups were significant compared to control group, but not comaprd to each other (p=1.00). Aerobic resistance training seems to have a protective effect on progression of diabetic neuropathy, and it can even slow or improve the progression of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effect of 12 Weeks of Continuous and Interval Training on some Adipokines, Hepatokines and Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Mohammad salmasi Mohammad reza zolfaghari Akbar Nouri HabashiDiabetes is considered as one of the most developed diseases in the world and one of the main causes of death. One of the ways to prevent diabetes and its complications is to exercise in different ways. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 12 weeks of cont MoreDiabetes is considered as one of the most developed diseases in the world and one of the main causes of death. One of the ways to prevent diabetes and its complications is to exercise in different ways. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 12 weeks of continuous and interval training on fetuin b, fetuin a and glypican 4 plasma and insulin resistance in type 1 diabetic rats.For this purpose, 40 type 1 diabetic mice were divided into 4 groups: healthy control, diabetes control, continuous diabetes, and diabetes interval. The interval group performed six repetitions per session by running on the treadmill in 3-minute intervals at a speed of 20 meters per minute and active recovery at a speed of 10 meters per minute with a 0% incline for 3 minutes on the treadmill (total duration of 36 minutes). The continuous training group also ran at a speed of 15 meters per minute for 36 minutes with a slope of 0%. Rats were killed 48 hours after the last training session and blood sampling was done. To compare between groups, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used. Examining changes between groups showed that there is a significant difference between groups for insulin resistance, fetuin b, fetuin a and glypican 4 plasma (P<0.001). Examination of between groups changes showed that insulin resistance, fetuin b, fetuin a, and glypican 4 plasma had a significant decrease in the healthy group compared to the diabetic group (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the diabetes control group and the continues and interval groups in all indicators (P<0.001). The results of the present study showed that interval and continuous exercise can reduce plasma fetuin b, fetuin a and glypican 4 in type 1 diabetic rats. These improvements were better in the interval training group than in the continuous training group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The effects of aerobic exercise on physical fitness indices and the amount of insulin consumption in boys with type 1 diabetes
samira zaheriBackground: The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism resulting from defects in secretion and action of insulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on phy MoreBackground: The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism resulting from defects in secretion and action of insulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on physical fitness indices and the amount of insulin taken in boys with type 1 diabetesMethods: For this purpose, 64 adolescents boy with diabetes type I were selected and were divided into 2 groups: Aerobic training group (AE) (n = 32) and control group (CO) (n = 32).Aerobic training group did aerobic exercises for 6 weeks (3 days a week), while the control group did not do any exercise. Training program consisted of: a) warm-up (10 minutes); b) the original class (30 minutes); c) cooling (5 minutes). At first both groups performed fitness physical tests that include of flexibility (sit and reach test), muscular endurance test (sit-up test), aerobic capacity test (run 6 minutes’ walk), agility test (T-test) and anaerobic capacity (Running-based Anaerobic SprintTest), also were recorded the amount of insulin consumption as a pre-test and then after six weeks both groups performed the same tests as a post-test.Result: The results showed that 6 weeks of aerobic training has a significant effect in increasing agility, flexibility, muscular endurance, aerobic power and anaerobic power in boys with type I diabetes (p<0.05). In addition, aerobic exercise group significantly reduced the amount of insulin than the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the application of aerobic exercise is effective for improvement of physical fitness indices. This may reduce the amount of insulin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and they are more likely to participate in sports activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise with L-Arginine Supplementation on MMP-9, TIMP-2 Overweight Women
fatemeh ghasemi bahram abediThe current study was to examine the effect of eight weeks aerobic training with L argenine supplement consumption on MMP-9, TIMP-2 in overweight women. In semi experimental study with pre-post phases, 60 overweight women with age range 20-30 years old selected and thos MoreThe current study was to examine the effect of eight weeks aerobic training with L argenine supplement consumption on MMP-9, TIMP-2 in overweight women. In semi experimental study with pre-post phases, 60 overweight women with age range 20-30 years old selected and those located in 4 groups: aerobic training, L argenine supplement consumption, aerobic training with L argenine supplement consumption and placebo. Blood sampling collected in pretest phase (48 hours before physical activity and supplement consumption) and post test phase (48 hours after physical activity and supplement consumption). The training protocol consisted of 8 weeks of aerobic training, which was held three sessions per week. Participants in two groups of daily 1g of L argentine supplement. Participants in the placebo group also received a placebo from dextrin. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that aerobic training, L argenine supplement consumption and aerobic training along with L argenine supplement consumption significantly increase MMP-9 and significantly reduce TIMP-2 in overweight women. Other results showed a greater effect size of aerobic training with L argenine supplement consumption compared to aerobic training and L argenine supplement consumption alone in increase MMP-9 and reduce TIMP-2. In general, along with aerobic exercise, taking L-arginine supplements (probably) can further stimulate the angiogenesis process in overweight women. Manuscript profile
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