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Open Access Article
1 - Aniconism in Ancient and Modern Judaism
Farzane Qiyasinoei منصور Motamedi مهدی HasanzadehAniconism is a relatively new term in the modern era, which was first coined to describe ancient Greek art, but later became popular with the aim of denigrating Jewish art.Simultaneously with the development of nationalist movements in post-Enlightenment Europe, art his MoreAniconism is a relatively new term in the modern era, which was first coined to describe ancient Greek art, but later became popular with the aim of denigrating Jewish art.Simultaneously with the development of nationalist movements in post-Enlightenment Europe, art historians criticized the lack of visual and iconographic art in Jewish culture, citing the prohibition of images in the Second Commandment. Subsequent research and archeological evidence convinced some Jewish thinkers that the assumption of Jewish Aniconism originated in the 19th century. Therefore, a kind of duality arose, and while some people criticized it, others saw it as a moral and exclusive virtue in Judaism, which ultimately served controversial goals and contemporary identity-nationalist policies on the one hand, and on the other hand, It became a ground for abstract art of the 20th century. However, it cannot be denied that the Jews in some eras adhered to strict idolatry.By examining the most important aspects of the formation of iconoclastic culture in Judaism, this article shows that this culture, in the pre-modern era as well as in the modern and post-Holocaust era, was more influenced by socio-political conditions than a theological prohibition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Commons viewpoints in Saʼdi and Montherlants works
Gohar Ranjbar Mahvash Ghavimi Soheila SaeediMontherlant, writer in France, quests his inspiration resources in eastern texts. He shows his adoration to Saʼdi and indicates his mental and spiritual evolutions according to his. There are so many common themes in these two authors the most significant of whose is es MoreMontherlant, writer in France, quests his inspiration resources in eastern texts. He shows his adoration to Saʼdi and indicates his mental and spiritual evolutions according to his. There are so many common themes in these two authors the most significant of whose is eschewing absolutism. Besides, we confront other common points while studying their moral teachings. That¢s because of their mutual conception of morality as a wisdom-originated phenomenon and observing its goal in applying blessings of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Design of a Two-Element Antenna with a Fan Beam Pattern for Use in Telecommunication Systems
Seyed Hojat Ollah Madani Yashar Zehforoosh Tohid SedghiIn this paper, an attempt is made to design an antenna to be used in different radar and telecommunication applications. Paying attention to antenna radiation is on the agenda And studies have been done on antenna radiation as well as their radiation pattern.Considering MoreIn this paper, an attempt is made to design an antenna to be used in different radar and telecommunication applications. Paying attention to antenna radiation is on the agenda And studies have been done on antenna radiation as well as their radiation pattern.Considering that the feature of the pattern with the vane feature is used in antennas with radar applications, it is also used in various telecommunication applications. In this article, an attempt has been made to increase the antenna's fan beam properties The designed antenna has two radiation elements And in the 3.5 GHz frequency band, it consists of a two-layer structure. The radiation elements are placed in the upper layer and the feeding network is located in the lower layer. The built dual antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 3.8-3.4 GHz.The maximum gain Hz is 6/76 dBi and the half power beam width is 44˚ and 104˚ in H- and E- planes.respectively which shows that this is fan beam antenna. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 105 × 32/3 ×3/708 mm square. The provided antenna is recommended for use in radar systems and 5G systems in the 3/5 GHz frequency band. According to the laboratory test of this antenna, it can be said that the theoretical and practicical results are in good agreement... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Criticizing governments, from the viewpoint of abstinence and piety
maseih Bahramiyan maryam BolouriOne of the contents in this respect and farsi Literature is abstinence and withdrawal from the world. The culture that had endowed the pioneers and followers with the attribute of broadmindedness, and the clear evidence of this matter is avoiding companionship wit MoreOne of the contents in this respect and farsi Literature is abstinence and withdrawal from the world. The culture that had endowed the pioneers and followers with the attribute of broadmindedness, and the clear evidence of this matter is avoiding companionship with powerful individuals. We have disregarded the explicit explanations about the meaning and history of abstinence. What are dealt with in this article are the abstinent thoughts and also its different approaches in withdrawal from the world and putting aside the materialistic powers. We have also considered abstinence and piety with precision, through a new look, in order to show that not all the people accounted for that group are necessarily with holy behaviors, although the evidence regarding our claim at this time is merely Farsi texts and prose, which of course undoubtedly could reflect the truth of our time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparison of the effectiveness of attachment therapy with motivational therapy in reducing slippage, recurrence, craving and continued substance abstinence in patients with substance-dependent borderline personality disorder
hojjatolah tahmasebian vahid ahmadi shahram mamiThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attachment therapy with motivational therapy in reducing slippage, recurrence, craving and continued substance abstinence in patients with substance-dependent borderline personality disorder. The present study wa MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attachment therapy with motivational therapy in reducing slippage, recurrence, craving and continued substance abstinence in patients with substance-dependent borderline personality disorder. The present study was a quasi-experimental interventional study with pre-test post-test design with control group and 3-month follow-up. The statistical population of all substance abusers with borderline personality disorder referred to addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah city, 60 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method. Ross Adult Attachment Questionnaire (RASS Adult Attachment, 1996), Gashtasbi Asl et al.’s Borderline Personality Disorder (2017), Miller and Tonikan’s Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness (1996), McMullen Addiction Thoughts (1990), researcher-made questionnaire on recurrence, craving, slip and abstinence, Motivational intervention of Transtheoretical model of change (Procheska and D. Clemente, 1990) and Attachment treatment protocol (Jahanbakhsh et al., 2011) was used. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that attachment therapy and motivational therapy significantly decreased the slip, recurrence and craving of patients and increased the continuity of abstinence. Attachment therapy and motivational therapy had an effect on the rate of slip, relapse, craving and persistence of patients in the follow-up test. The rate of changes in slip, relapse, craving and abstinence scores was higher in those who received attachment therapy than those who received motivational therapy. Attachment therapy is more effective in reducing slip, relapse, craving, and continued drug use than motivational therapy. The results showed that both intervention methods were effective in improving the consumption of people with borderline personality disorder. However, the effect of addiction treatment-based therapy in people with borderline personality disorder is more effective than attachment therapy than motivational therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Restrain and Chastity in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Mysticism
Heydar Amirpour Ghasem Jafari Samaneh Raameh Alireza Purbaferani Hasan SheibanifarIn the practical realities of Muslims’ life, the lack of use of Islamic morality in speech and action is significant, and this deficiency distorts their personality and endangers their existence. Commitment to worship and its implementation through the recognition MoreIn the practical realities of Muslims’ life, the lack of use of Islamic morality in speech and action is significant, and this deficiency distorts their personality and endangers their existence. Commitment to worship and its implementation through the recognition of concepts and examples of worship and closeness to the divine essence such as "restraint" and "chastity" sustains the life of Islamic society by creating balance and resistance to destructive temptations. In the following study, we discussed the verses of the Quran and critiqued the narratives related to piety and chastity. The research results indicate that restraint and chastity are important words in the field of jurisprudence and behavioral science of Islamic teachings and have a spiritual commonality with each other and under these headings different examples are placed. If jurisprudential knowledge includes visible acts such as prayer, zakat, remembrance, praise and supplication, the science of behavior and mysticism, related to intention, sincerity, trust, repentance to God, hope, fear, gratitude, patience, restraint, chastity, asceticism and purity and the other houses of conduct are for others and seekers of this path. These two titles refer to a form of abstinence and deterrence. The meaning of restraint and chastity in their instances will be different depending on the context and textual context in which that instance manifests. This study is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Position and Causes of Tranquility in the Holy Quran and Islamic Mysticism
Khadijeh Aseel Alireza Saberian Jafar TabanThe consequences of tranquility, spiritual balance, and lack of concern and anxiety are correct interaction with problems and preoccupations and achieving accurate tranquility. Peaceful mind in various types, natural, psychological, and mindset, is among the elements of MoreThe consequences of tranquility, spiritual balance, and lack of concern and anxiety are correct interaction with problems and preoccupations and achieving accurate tranquility. Peaceful mind in various types, natural, psychological, and mindset, is among the elements of felicity that emerges in two forms of spiritual tranquility and social security. Accordingly, the Islamic scholars view it from sainthood perspective and deem it as a divine phenomenon so that a vast portion of religious teachings are dedicated to that. On the one hand, mysticism is as path with which one can arrive at intuitive and in-person knowledge of reality and pure knowledge directly and obtain the certain response to the essential needs and questions of human being and acquire perpetual tranquility and happiness from. On the one hand, it should be noted that Holy Quran has presented the best instructions hereto and has acquainted human beings with the mystery of manhood and spiritual journey better than any other sources. The holy Quran is the door to the "knowledge about imams" so that the entire verses and evidences of Quran refer directly and indirectly to the cognitive and spiritual journey of human toward the Almighty and how to joint Him. Accordingly, this paper deals with the status and causes of tranquility in the Holy Quran and Islamic mysticism. This paper that is prepared with analytic descriptive methodology and aimed at explanation and discussion over the scientific status and causes of tranquility in the holy Quran and Islamic mysticism concludes that faith, avoidance, and piety are principal causes of tranquility and the background for personal and social tranquility as well as the tranquility of soul and psyche of person and society. On the other hand, "mysticism" is a path through which one can achieve an intuitive and in-person knowledge from reality and the pure knowledge with no intermediation, arriving at the certain response for essential needs and questions of human being and the everlasting tranquility and happiness. The philosophical and logical background of every spiritual worldview has a worthwhile role in providing psychological tranquility of the spiritual traveler. Thus, one should believe that Islam is the source of production and provision of tranquility for human being from various perspectives, i.e. mystical, philosophical, etc Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The spectrophotometry method to evaluating in the infestation level of developmental stages of Ephestia kuheniella in type date palm Kabkab
Nadia Heidary Masoud Latifian Majid FallahzadehFlour moth, Ephestia kuhniella (Zeller), is one of the most important pests of storage date in the wet cultivars. This research investigated to detect hidden developmental stages of E. kuhniella. In Kabkab cultivar by using the spectrophptometry sampling method. The exp MoreFlour moth, Ephestia kuhniella (Zeller), is one of the most important pests of storage date in the wet cultivars. This research investigated to detect hidden developmental stages of E. kuhniella. In Kabkab cultivar by using the spectrophptometry sampling method. The experiments were carried out based on as two ways factorial Anova in the two levels. Factor A (main agent) in the 4 level including the various growth stages (egg, larve, pupa and adult) and factor B (sub agent) in 10 levels includes the densities of 5 , 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 numbers/kg and in the three repetitive in wave lengths between 800-1900 nm. The results showed that the absorption average in the growth stages and also in the various density in each developmental stages had significant difference. Increasing the rate of density gradually causes the increase of the rate of absorption. The highest absorption in 50 density and the lowest in 5 density of each developmental stages had been happened that their amounts were 2.79 and 0.72 respectively. The highest rate of absorption was in the adult developmental stage, 2.28, and afterward there was the pupa, larvae and egg that their amounts were 2.11, 1.83 and 1.68 respectively. The highest distinguish power values measured (b) was in adult (b=1.20) and lowest in egg (b=0.04). The RV of sampling method for egg, larvae, pupa and adult were 6.42, 6.22, 6.30 and 7.05 respectively, and their CV was 35.26, 34.15, 34.55 and 38.63 respectively. Results showed that this sampling method reliable, fast, accurate with high performance in IPM and in the quarantine cases and also product export can have been used in the research programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Identification of moths of family Sphingidae in some regions of Fars Province (Iran)
Farangis Ghasemi Hassan Alemansoor Asghar AlehosseinDuring 2006– 2007 studies were carried out to collect and identify the moths of family Sphingidae in some regions of Fars Province. A total of 16 species were collected and identified. Four forestlands including Arsanjan district with dominant Pistachio mutica, Fi MoreDuring 2006– 2007 studies were carried out to collect and identify the moths of family Sphingidae in some regions of Fars Province. A total of 16 species were collected and identified. Four forestlands including Arsanjan district with dominant Pistachio mutica, Firouz Abad district with dominant Amygdalus scopariae and Ziziphus spinachristi, Kazeroun and Nour Abad district with dominant Quercus brantii, Sepidan district with dominant Pyrus glabra and one rangeland (Shiraz) were selected and 271 specimens of Sphingidae were collected by the insect net and the light trap. Collected insects were identified systematically according to their morphological characteristics by second author and confirmed by Ian J. Kitching (Natural History Museum, London, UK). Moths found in this study are as follows: Acherontia styx styx (Westwood, 1847) Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) Akbesia davidi (Oberthür, 1884) Clarina kotschyi kotschyi (Kollar, 1849) Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus, 1758) Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus, 1758) Hyles hippophaes (Esper, 1793) Hyles livornica (Esper, 1780) Hyles nicaea sheljuzkoi (de Prunner, 1798) Laothoe populi populeti (Bienert, 1870) Marumba quercus (Denis & Schiffermüller,1775) Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Rethera brandti euteletes (Jordan, 1937) Rethera komarovi manifica (Brandt, 1938) Smerinthus kindermanni (Lederer, 1853) Theretra alecto (Linnaeus, 1758) Amoung them Acherontia stxy is a new record for Fars province (Iran) and Marumba quercuswas found in the most region of this province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Report of Phycodes radiata (Lep.: Brachodidae) from Iran
Hamzeh Ramezani Karim Sohrab Imani Maryam Basirian Rajesh KumarIn 2010, during a Research on leaf-feeders of common fig (Ficus carica L.) in Kerman, a new pest was found and identitied as Phycodes radiate (Ochsenheimer, 1808) (Lep. : Brachodidae). The larva feed from upper epidermis and parenchyma tissue of leaves and cause the fol MoreIn 2010, during a Research on leaf-feeders of common fig (Ficus carica L.) in Kerman, a new pest was found and identitied as Phycodes radiate (Ochsenheimer, 1808) (Lep. : Brachodidae). The larva feed from upper epidermis and parenchyma tissue of leaves and cause the folding of the leaves by web formation. This is a first report of this species from Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The effect of contact and respiratory repellency of four medicinal plant extract and powders on adults and last instar larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner).
M. Bakhtiari Z. Rafiei Karahroudi E. SanatgarThe indian meal moth is one of the most important pest of stored product. In this study‚ the repellency effect of the alcoholic and hexanic plant extract and powder of four medicinal plants , lavandula angstifolia, artemistia dracunculus, anethum graveolens, and p MoreThe indian meal moth is one of the most important pest of stored product. In this study‚ the repellency effect of the alcoholic and hexanic plant extract and powder of four medicinal plants , lavandula angstifolia, artemistia dracunculus, anethum graveolens, and petroselimun sativum have been studied on adults and last instar larvae of this pest. To prepare the extracts, plants were powdered, then dissolved in solvent and filtered after 24 houres. These crude plant extracts have been used in experiments. In contact repellency experiment, the 9 cm whatman filter paper divided into two parts from the middle. Half of it was weted with definite plant extract dose and another half was weted with solvent. after they dried, 20 last instar larvae released from centes each petri dish. then the repellency effect of plant extracts was measured after 24 hours. The results showed all plant extracts except hexanic extract of L. angstifolia, had the contact repellency effect on adult insect. The Y-shaped olfactometer has been used for dtermining fumigant repellency effect of the plant extracts. The repellency effect of treatment were measured on the last instar larvae and adults. In most cases the plant extracts showed a significant repellency effect at1% level on larveae and adults. But the repellency effect of the powders on adults was less than plant extracts, and had attractive effect on, the Indian meal larvae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Efficiency evaluation of Bt-transgenic lines of sugar beet against Agrotis segetum Schiff. (Lep., Noctuidae)
L. Sedighi M. Rezapanah P. Norouzi R. Vafaei-ShoushtariThe common cutworm (Agrotis segetum Schiff.), is one of the most important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), in Iran. Among the alternatives to control this pest, use of B.T.-transgenic sugar beet expressing cry1Ab gene has gained attention due to its efficiency. MoreThe common cutworm (Agrotis segetum Schiff.), is one of the most important pests of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), in Iran. Among the alternatives to control this pest, use of B.T.-transgenic sugar beet expressing cry1Ab gene has gained attention due to its efficiency. In the present study, larval mortality, larval weight loss and damage level of this pest on 18 treatments (16 T1 transgenic and 2 non-transgenic sugar beet lines) were evaluated in 3 CRD experiments with 4 replications. Therefore, 40 larvae of the common cutworm in 4 replications (10 larvae/replication) were fed on leaves of the treatment lines in glass Petri dishes. The mortality, weight of larvae and weight loss of leaves were recorded at the third and the sixth days after infestation (DAI). ANOVA results confirmed the significantly differences at %1 probability level among treatments in all of the evaluated factors (except larval mortality at 3 DAI). Finally, mean comparisons were carried out using Duncan’s multiple range tests at %5 probability levels. Based on the results, all of the examined transgenic lines were more effective than non-transgenic lines against A. segetum. The results confirmed that the transgenic line S36-13 (7.5-20% larval mortality, 1.57-10.76 mg LaWL and 39.3-53.64% Leaf Weight Loss at 3 and 6 DAI) was the most effective among evaluated transgenic and non-transgenic lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Repellency effect of essential oil, plant extract and powder of seed of Ferula assafoetida on Plodia interpuntella (Lep.: Pyralidae)
M. R. Hassani A. Mazdaee Z. Sheibani TezerjiThe Indean Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lep.: Pyralidae) is one of the most important agricultural stored pest. In this research, the repellency effect of essential oil, extract and powder of seed of Asafoetida (Ferula asafetidaL.) on fourth instar larvae MoreThe Indean Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lep.: Pyralidae) is one of the most important agricultural stored pest. In this research, the repellency effect of essential oil, extract and powder of seed of Asafoetida (Ferula asafetidaL.) on fourth instar larvae and adult of P. interpunctella was investigated. For determine the repellency of larvae a Y sheped tube and for adults a straight tube connected to two glass jar was used. The essential oil and extract were used at concentrations, 80, 160, 320 and 640 μl/l air and powder was used at concentrations, 4, 8, 16 and 32 g/l air. The result showed that the essential oil at the lowest concentration on larva and adults of P. interpunctella, was not effective and at the highest concentration on larva and adults, had 73.33 and 70.00% repellency, respectively. At low concentration, the extract was not effective for larva, but for adults had 56.67%, repellency. Plant extract at the highest concentration had 40.00 and 96.67% repellency, for larva and adults, respectively. Then the effect of extract was better on adults than larva. Powder of Asafoetida at the lowest concentration had 16.67 and 36.67% repellency, for larvae and adults, respectively, and at the highest concentration had 70.00 and 86.67% repellency, for larvae and adults, respectively, and its effect was better on adults than larva. The results showed that the essential oil, extract and powder of seed of Asafoetida, can be used for decrease the population density of P. interpunctella in stored products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Population abundance of grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis et Schiffermuller) (Lep., Tortricidae) and its related crop damage in Orumieh vineyards
Gh. Akbarzadeh ShoukatGrape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis et Schiffermuller) is the main pest of Iran and most vineyards of the world. The pest larva causes yield reduction by feeding on inflorescences and berries. The pest reduces the quality of grape by favoring the growth condition o MoreGrape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis et Schiffermuller) is the main pest of Iran and most vineyards of the world. The pest larva causes yield reduction by feeding on inflorescences and berries. The pest reduces the quality of grape by favoring the growth condition of rot fungus such as Botrytis cinerea as well. The seasonal population abundance and related damage of the pest were investigated for 3 years in 3 main vine growing districts of Orumieh, Iran. The population dynamics and density of the moth were monitored by sex pheromone traps and the damage of inflorescence clusters and fruit bunches were determined by sampling from experimental vineyards in different years and generations. Results showed that the grape berry moth has 3 complete flight periods with an average of 37, 26 and 54 days for 3 generations, respectively. Population abundance was varied between years, districts and generations from 51 to 1647 male moths /trap/generation. There was no significant relationship between population abundance and damaged clusters at different districts and generations during 2 years study. Infestation rate of flower clusters at the first generation varied form 68 to 90 percent with a severity of 1 to 15 larval nests per cluster. In the second and third generations, the infestation rate of fruit bunches varied from 43 to 100 percent and the damaged berries per clusters were from 1 to 63 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of ultra violet irradiation on biological parameters of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lep., Pyralidae)
A. Bakhshi A. A. Talebi Y. FathipourThe Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is a polyphagous and cosmopolitan species. This species has been distributed in Iran and all over the World. In this research, the effect of UV-irradiation on the biology and life table parameters of P.interpunct MoreThe Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is a polyphagous and cosmopolitan species. This species has been distributed in Iran and all over the World. In this research, the effect of UV-irradiation on the biology and life table parameters of P.interpunctella was investigated. Three age groups of eggs (1, 2 and 3-day-old)were exposed to UV-irradiation (254nm wavelength) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 minutes at temperature 25±5ºC and a photoperiod of 10:14 (L:D), without humidity control. The results indicated that all exposure periods of UV-irradiation reduced hatching eggs. An increase in time of exposure to irradiation caused a gradual decrease in percentage of hatching in all age groups of eggs. However, for each exposure duration, the hatching rate was decreased as the age of irradiated eggs increased from 1 to 3 days. Hatching rates decreased from 71.33% at 0.5 min to 0.67% at 8 min exposure time in 1-day-old eggs, from 35% at 0.5 min to 1.67% at 4 min exposure time in 2-day-old eggs and from 31.67% at 0.5 min to 1.67% at 2 min exposure periods in 3-day-old eggs. No hatching eggs occurred at higher exposure times. At three age groups of eggs all exposure periods of UV-radiation increased significantly the incubation period of eggs of males and females in comparison to controls The longest incubation period in males and females was recorded in 3-day-old eggs which treated by 0.5 min exposure time. (7.00±0.00 and 7.67±0.33 days, respectively). There was no significant different between adult longevity of controls and irradiation adult in 1, 2 and 3-day-old eggs. In all age groups of eggs, adult longevity of females was longer than males. The results showed that UVC irradiation has greater effects on the eggs of P.interpunctella than other developmental stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigation on the larvicidial effects of Salix alba L. and Pinus sylvestris L. extracted in different solvents on larvae of flour moth Ephestia kuehniela (Zel.) (Lep. Pyralidae)
S. Alvandy Z. Rafiei Karahroudi S. M. NabaeeChemical pesticides can be replaced with compounds that derived from plants. These compounds can be easily decomposed in nature and have no hazards to non-target organism, consequently they can be suitable for sustainable agriculture .The Flour moth Ephestia kuehniella MoreChemical pesticides can be replaced with compounds that derived from plants. These compounds can be easily decomposed in nature and have no hazards to non-target organism, consequently they can be suitable for sustainable agriculture .The Flour moth Ephestia kuehniella (zel) (lep. pyralidae) is a worldwide pest and it has a close relation withhuman foods. Therefore larvicidial effects of the Salix alba L. and Pinus sylvestris L. extracted in acetone, alcohol, hexane and water were studied on flour moth larvae. The results showed that there were no difference in larvicidial effects in 100% and 20% concentrations of willow and pine but in 50% concentration, pine extract had better effects than willow, 100% concentration extracted in water, 50% concentration extracted in alcohol, and 20% concentration extracted in hexane had more mortalities of larvae than others. Among extracts, 100% concentration of willow and pine extracted in water induced 44.29 and 42.47 percent mortality , 50% concentration of pine extracted in alcohol induced 46.4 and 20% concentration of pine extracted in hexane killed 8.76 percent of larvae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Study on some biological parameters of Habrobracon hebetor (Hym.: Braconidae) on Ephestia kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae) in vitro
F. Karimzadeh J. Shakarami Sh. GoldastehHabrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests such as cotton bollworm and corn stem borers and etc. This natural enemy is mass reared and released in many regions of Iran. Biological parameters of H. hebetor such as percent paras MoreHabrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests such as cotton bollworm and corn stem borers and etc. This natural enemy is mass reared and released in many regions of Iran. Biological parameters of H. hebetor such as percent parasitism, reproduction, male percentage and adult's longevity were investigated in the third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The experiments were conducted at 26°C, 60±5% humidity and 16:8 light/dark ratio. Also percent parasitism, reproduction and The sex ratio of eight consecutive generations of H. hebetor were evaluated on fifth larval stage of E. kuehniella.The obtained results showed that the highest percentage of parasitism (99.3%), reproduction (63.80 wasps) and adult's longevity (19.40 days) were observed on fifth instar larvae of the flour moth. significant difference was obserred between male percentage of H. hebetor on the third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of flour moth. Also the results showed no significant difference between percentages of parasitism of H. hebetor in eight consecutive generations. The highest (63.95%) and lowest (28.60%) male percentage were observed in first and eighth generation of the parasitoid, respectively. The highest parasitism was observed in the first generation of H. hebetor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Comparison of the life table and reproduction parameters of the Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep., Pyralidae) on three cultivars of date in laboratory conditions
H. Pourbehi A. A. Talebi A. A. zamani Sh. Goldasteh N. FarrarThe Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep., Pyralidae) is one of the serious pests of stored date in Iran and many parts of the world. In this research life table and reproduction parameters of P. interpunctella on three cultivars of date were studied. The MoreThe Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep., Pyralidae) is one of the serious pests of stored date in Iran and many parts of the world. In this research life table and reproduction parameters of P. interpunctella on three cultivars of date were studied. The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions at temperature of 27±2 ºC, 45±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16L:8D hours. The results indicated that, the life expectancy in egg period were 44/45, 52/29 and 47/89 days on Zahedi, Shahabi and Kabkab cultivars, respectively. The gross fecundity rate on Zahedi, Shahabi and Kabkab cultivars were estimated 172.1±17.5, 160.2±15.2 and 121.0±18.3 egg per female, respectively. There was no significant difference among gross fecundity rate on different cultivars of date. The net fertility rate on Zahedi cultivar with 96/8±10/4 was more than the other cultivars. The lowest value of this parameter on Kabkab cultivar 43/84±7/26 was estimated that there was significant difference with Zahedi and Shahabi cultivars, but no significant difference was observed between Zahedi and Shahabi cultivars. The mean egg per day and mean fertile eggs per day of moths developed on Zahedi cultivar were estimated 25/09±2/61 and 22/38±2/30, respectively that was shown the maximum value among examined cultivers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Determining the appropriate spray time to control Cydia pomonella L. (Lep., Totricidae) in apple orchards using sex pheromone traps and degree-day method in Urumia
J. Hosseinzadeh H. Farazmand M. Majdiafshar M. Abasi ChobtarashCodling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lep., Tortricidae) is the most important pest in iranian apple orchards. In order to avoid the unnecessary usage of chemical pesticides, using pheromone traps is the most effective control way. We have used these traps in 4 areas of diff MoreCodling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lep., Tortricidae) is the most important pest in iranian apple orchards. In order to avoid the unnecessary usage of chemical pesticides, using pheromone traps is the most effective control way. We have used these traps in 4 areas of different altitudes in Urmia villages. We counted the trapped insects twice a week. The results showed that this pest has three full generations in Urmia and their maiden appearance is in late April, with each generation peak in late May, mid-July and mid-August. The results show the best time to counter the pest is in the first generation, 5 to 7 days after flight peak and the 2nd and 3rd generations 4 to 5 days after flight peak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of eighteen plant essential oils on nutritional indices of larvae Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep., Pyralidae)
Z. Rafiei-Karahroodi S. Moharramipour H. Farazmand J. Karimzadeh-EsfahaniEssential oils are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hubner is one of the most important stored product pests. In this research, effects of essential oils of 18 medicinal plants were studied on nutritional i MoreEssential oils are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hubner is one of the most important stored product pests. In this research, effects of essential oils of 18 medicinal plants were studied on nutritional indices of 15 days-old larvae of this pest. Nutritional indices determined in this study were Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Relative Consumption Rate (RCR), Efficacy of Conversion of Ingested Food (ECI) and Feeding Deterrence Index (FDI). In this study, 20 µl from 3, 12 and 24 ppm of the oil solution was mixed with one gram of the food. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design in a factorial experiment with three replications. The results showed that essential oils had not any significant effect compare with control on RGR and ECI. The index of RCR was significantly decreased except in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Decreasing RCR in treatments might be due to feeding deterrency of the essential oils. FDI was positive in all treatment except in Z. clinopodioides with the least FDI. Nutritional indices were significantly not affectd by increasing concentration. The highest deterrency was observed by Mentha piperata L., Cinnamomum zelanicum Bl., Salvia multicaulis Vahl., Melissa officinalis L., Achillea millefolium L. As these essential oils at low concentration of 0.06, 0.24 and 0.5 µg/kg caused the high deterrency, therefore these essential oils could be applicable on the management of Indian meal moth in storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Fumigant toxicity and repellency effect of essential oils of Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica on adults of flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. (Lep., Pyralidae)
F. Habibi- Ghozloo M. Moarefi Z. Rafiei-KarahroodiEphestia kuehniella Zeller. is a major pest of stored products especially the it depreciates the quantity and quality of the cereal flour economically. To control the pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative to synthetic pe MoreEphestia kuehniella Zeller. is a major pest of stored products especially the it depreciates the quantity and quality of the cereal flour economically. To control the pest in warehouses, usage of essential oils is considered as an appropriate alternative to synthetic pesticides. Therefore, In this research, Lc50 and fumigant toxicity of Pinus eldarica and Cupressus arizonica were determind on 5 day-old adults of flour moth. Also repellency effects of essential oils were investigated on one day-old adult of flour moth by an two way olfacterometer. Results showed that C. arizonica oil with LC50 values of 38.04 μl/l.air had least toxicity and P. eldarica oil with LC50 values of 3.11 μl/l.air had the most toxicity. Mortality increased as oil concentration and exposure time increased. The most repellency effect has been observed in P. eldarica oil with 6μl/l.air concentration (%84.61) and the lowest repellency in C. arizonica with 10μl/l.air concentration (%23.52). Also Repellency effect increased significantly by increasing essential oil concentration. It is concluded that the essential oil used in this research can be a candidate as a safety pesticide for stored product pests control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Lethal Strength and Compatability of Bacillus thuringiensis with Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in Stored Date Pest (Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Ephestia kuehniella) Control
Hadi Ostovan m. latifiyan نگار bahmani sh hesami -
Open Access Article
23 - The effects of adjuvant compounds (Bar-tar and D.G) on the efficiency of some common insecticides against 3rd instars larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera Plutellidae)
A. Abolhasani J. Karimi G. Hasanshahi A. Sheikhi Garjan A. AskarianzadehThe diamondback moth,)DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae) is one of the most important pests of cruciferous plants throughout the world. In this research the efficiency of different common insecticides (Indoxacarb, Thiodicarb,Hexaflomoron) with or without MoreThe diamondback moth,)DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae) is one of the most important pests of cruciferous plants throughout the world. In this research the efficiency of different common insecticides (Indoxacarb, Thiodicarb,Hexaflomoron) with or without adjuvants (Bar-Tar®, DG®) on the third instar larvae of DBM was investigated. Results showed that 50% lethal concentration (LC50) for Indoxacarb, Thiodicarb and Hexaflomoron on 3rd instars larvae with significant difference were 46.79, 543.12 and 6.22 ppm respectively. Also, the results showed that there were significant differences among different insecticides. between applied adjuvants,. Bar-tar had the higher percentage of usage dose in insecide reduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigation of presence, distribution, and adult insects flight period of some species of clearwing moths Synanthedon spp. (Lep.: Sesiidae) using pherpmone traps in Sanandaj city
Somayeh Salavati Hamed Ghobari Amin SadeghiThe family of Sesiidae includes about 1400 species in 150 genera. The larvae of these insects feed on the cambium of the tree and dry the tree. Using pheromone trap is one of the suitable methods for monitoring the pest in orchards. Therefore, in this study, the presenc MoreThe family of Sesiidae includes about 1400 species in 150 genera. The larvae of these insects feed on the cambium of the tree and dry the tree. Using pheromone trap is one of the suitable methods for monitoring the pest in orchards. Therefore, in this study, the presence and distribution of clearwing moth were examined in the province, in 7 locations with an average distance of 20 km from each other in the city of Sanandaj using 6 pheromone traps in each region. Also in order to study the activity of the adult insects of different species of the mentioned insects in every 3 garden areas 6 traps (pheromone capsule containing two species Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lep.: Sesiidae) and Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lep.: Sesiidae)) were deployed that they were continuously (every 3 days) visited. The results showed that Synanthedon tabaniformis (Rott.) (Lep.: Sesiidae) species is present in all regions of trapping and the highest density of this pest is related to Qeshlagh dam garden (43 moths per trap) (p< 0.05) and the S. tipuliformis species was observed in none of the trapping areas; also species of S. myopaeformis was observed in 3 regions at low concentrations. Studying the emergence period of S. tabaniformis adult insects showed that the first moths were trapped in the region of Qeshlagh dam garden in 2014/6/6, in the region of Salawat Abad in 2014/6/10, and in the region of Grize in 2014/6/13. The peak of the flight was observed in the two regions of Qeshlagh dam garden and Grize in 2014/6/23 and in the region of Salawat Abad in 2014/6/20. Finally, the last moths were trapped in the region of Grize in 2014/7/25, in the region of Salawat Abad in 2014/7/18 and in the region of Qeshlagh dam garden in 2014/7/21. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Development of solar air collectors for drying applications
Mohammad Mehdi Ebn Ali Ali HeydaryIn this study, three types of solar air collectors (flat plate, finned, and v-corrugated) have been experimentally investigated in order to achieve an effective design which can be appropriate for a solar dryer. The experiments have been performed according to the ASHRA MoreIn this study, three types of solar air collectors (flat plate, finned, and v-corrugated) have been experimentally investigated in order to achieve an effective design which can be appropriate for a solar dryer. The experiments have been performed according to the ASHRAE standard and under real climatic conditions of Semnan (35° 33′ N, 53° 23′ E), Iran. Over a broad range of operating and design conditions, the performance of all three collectors have been studied. Based on the results, v-corrugated collector and flat plate one found to be the most and least efficient, respectively. Moreover, the collectors have also been studied in double pass mode in order to examined the extent in efficiency improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigate the Effect of length parameter on heat transfer rate in porous fin in natural convection
Mohammad Jafarian Nader RahbarAlways considering the scientific community as well as various industries including electronics industries to find new techniques to increase the heat transfer rate. The use of a porous media due to increase the effective surface provides a new window in this context. T MoreAlways considering the scientific community as well as various industries including electronics industries to find new techniques to increase the heat transfer rate. The use of a porous media due to increase the effective surface provides a new window in this context. Therefore, in this study we are trying to find the optimal length for porous fin. In this study the effect of heat convection considered on a rectangular fin. Porous fin allows fluid to flow through and cause a better Natural Convection and Heat Transfer between them. Darcy Models have been applied to formulate Heat Transfer which is presented as a second order nonlinear equation. Geometry and porosity are classified with a Dimensionless Parameter. Thermal behaviors of Fins on Temperature Reduction including: long fin, finite-length fin with insulated tip, finite-length fin with known Convective Coefficient at the tip and finite-length fin with known temperature at the tip are found. Amount of Temperature Reduction and heat transfer are calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A review of studies in the field of thermal performance of the fins and heat sinks
Mohammad Jafarian Nader RahbarOne of the most important issues in various industries, including electronics, is Components thermal management. In order to have more powerful, integrated and smaller electronic products, it is necessary to use higher level of Heat Dissipation Technology. This requires MoreOne of the most important issues in various industries, including electronics, is Components thermal management. In order to have more powerful, integrated and smaller electronic products, it is necessary to use higher level of Heat Dissipation Technology. This requires the use of extended surfaces (fins) resolves. Many studies have been conducted to find the optimal shape of the fins. Different methods are used to optimize and increase the efficiency of the fins and heat sinks which can be noted to optimize the geometry, shape and dimensions, change the fins distance, the use of different materials in the manufacture of fins, the use of porous media with high thermal conductivity to improve fins thermal characteristics. . In this study is mentioned review of some previous researches that has been done in this context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Study on porous and solid fins and heat sinks heat transfer: A review
mahan khatami nader rahbarHeat transfer is one of the most important phenomena in nature. According to the principle of heat transfer, the best way to increase the exchange of heat from a surface,is expanding the cross section. Using porous media for increasing the cross section can be a new app MoreHeat transfer is one of the most important phenomena in nature. According to the principle of heat transfer, the best way to increase the exchange of heat from a surface,is expanding the cross section. Using porous media for increasing the cross section can be a new approach for better heat transfer. Since heat transfer by natural method has less capacity to transfer heat, using porous media in this case is more important. Due to the widespread usage of heatsinks and fins in Industry and Laboratory, designing high efficient optimized system Has been become interesting for researchers and scientist. In this study review of previous researchs in solid and porous fins and heat sinks has been conducted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Laminar flow modeling of different nano fluids around a flat plate fin for geometry optimization at the heat sink
seyyed mohammad javad taheri Ali HeydariThis paper presents a mathematical model for geometry optimization of a rectangular cross-section flat plate fin with application in calculating optimized width of a heat sink for different Nano fluids (Aluminum oxide, Silicon dioxide, Titanium dioxide, Copper oxide, Go MoreThis paper presents a mathematical model for geometry optimization of a rectangular cross-section flat plate fin with application in calculating optimized width of a heat sink for different Nano fluids (Aluminum oxide, Silicon dioxide, Titanium dioxide, Copper oxide, Gold, Copper, Diamond and Ferros oxide) with water as based fluid. Flow impinging on the fin is considered laminar. The effects of Reynolds number, volume fraction of nanoparticles, particle size, inlet velocity and different average temperature on the geometry optimization of the fin are investigated. A rectangular flat plate fin made from copper with higher thermal conductivity is used as the test case. Various Nano fluids with different volume fractions (0.005% to 0.1%) and different nanoparticle sizes (3×10-8 to 1×10-7 nanometer) are analyzed. In this analysis, as a basic assumption, the length of the fin is taken larger than the width and the fin volume is considered constant. Then, width of the fin will be optimized. The results indicated that the highest and the lowest optimized width is related to Gold and silicon dioxide nano fluids respectively. Increase in volume fraction, inlet velocity and temperature and decrease in nano particle size leads to optimized width enhancement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Parameters change effect of cutting tool diameter, depth of cut and feed rate in the process of turbine blade 4 axis milling on the roughness and surface texture
Amir Alinaghizadeh Behrouz Norouzi Ali FarahmandiAlways in the production of turbine blades tried use less of secondary operations. Such as for increasing the quality of surface finishing that reduces the level of geometric accuracy. Accordingly in this paper, improvement of roughness and surface texture turbine blade MoreAlways in the production of turbine blades tried use less of secondary operations. Such as for increasing the quality of surface finishing that reduces the level of geometric accuracy. Accordingly in this paper, improvement of roughness and surface texture turbine blade directly with the optimization of machining parameters is been studied. Variable parameters of this research include tool diameter, depth of cut and feed rate. Experimental work by using a four-axis CNC milling machine was done on turbine blade aluminum. Experimental work by using four-axis CNC milling machine and the turbine blade was aluminum. Design of experimental was full factorial and All permutations of variable parameters been implemented. The surface roughness of machined areas by using surface roughness tester and the texture was examined using a stereo microscope. By using roughness tester, surface roughness of machined areas was measured. Form of surface texture was examined by a stereo microscope. Finally, by comparing data the best mode was introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Thermal performance enhancement of latent heat storage system using wavy fins and change in tube geometry
Rahman Hamid zahra mehrdoostIn this work, thermal performance improvement of the latent heat energy storage system using wavy fins and change in the heat transfer fluid tube geometry is numerically investigated. The investigated system is a shell and tube heat exchanger and RT35 paraffin is used a MoreIn this work, thermal performance improvement of the latent heat energy storage system using wavy fins and change in the heat transfer fluid tube geometry is numerically investigated. The investigated system is a shell and tube heat exchanger and RT35 paraffin is used as the phase change material. With the constant total cross-section area of the tube and fins as well as the volume of the phase change material, the effect of heat transfer fluid tube shape and the designed fin on the melting process of the phase change material is investigated. Numerical simulation results show that wavy fins accelerate the phase change process compared to conventional straight fins. The complete melting time of the phase change material is reduced by 9.33% compared to the straight fin. Changing the geometry of the heat transfer fluid tube from the circle to the petal shape is proposed to further improve the thermal performance of the latent heat energy storage system. The melting rate of the phase change material increases with the increase in the number of petals. The complete melting time for the tube with seven petals is reduced by 66.7% compared to the circular tube with wavy fins and 69.8% compared to the base case with straight fins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of dietary supplement of celmanax® prebiotic on gill and liver histology in Rainbow trout during the growing period and experimental challenge with yersiniosis
amin Khodadadi Adel Haghighi Hasan Malekinejad Amir Tukmechi Mohamad AfsharnasabCurrently, global use of prebiotic compounds has increased considerably. This study aims to analyse the effect of complementing the rations of rainbow trout with different concentrations of Celmanax® prebiotic, which contains Saccharomyces cerevisia associated MoreCurrently, global use of prebiotic compounds has increased considerably. This study aims to analyse the effect of complementing the rations of rainbow trout with different concentrations of Celmanax® prebiotic, which contains Saccharomyces cerevisia associated compounds with Mannan-oligosaccharide on gill and liver histology during the growing period and experimental challenge with yersiniosis. Four concentration levels of prebiotic (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) were mixed into fish feed pellets. The fish (with mean body weight of 19.08±1.45 gr) were fed a supplemented commercial diet for 60-days.On day 60 of the study, experimental yersiniosis was induced in all treatment groups by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial suspension. Tissue samples were taken on days 0, 30 and 60 and also after induction of experimental yersiniosis. The results showed that complementing rainbow trout rations with different concentrations of Celmanax® improved the gill and liver injuries on days 30 and 60 of the study. The best tissue effects in the growing period were observed in treatment groups which received 0.1% and 0.5% of the prebiotic respectively, and after experimental challenge with yersiniosis, the lowest lesions of liver and gill pathology were seen in the treatment group fed with 0.1% prebiotic which was significantly different (p<0.05) from all other treatments. According to the results of this study, adding Celmanax® to rainbow trout diet at 0.1% concentration improves tissue parameters during breeding period and decreases tissue lesions when faced with yersiniosis. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The effect of prebiotic pretreatment on histological lesions of Nile tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to silver nanoparticles
farahnaz kakavand Aliakbar Hedayati maryam rezaei shadegan ali jafar nodeh saeed maddahThe presence of emerging nanoparticle contaminants in aquatic environments reduces the safety performance of aquatic animals, so the use of safety stimuli is essential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mu MoreThe presence of emerging nanoparticle contaminants in aquatic environments reduces the safety performance of aquatic animals, so the use of safety stimuli is essential. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different prebiotic levels of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) on tissue damage in the liver and gills of tilapia exposed to silver nanoparticles. For this purpose, 120 juveniles of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were divided into 4 experimental groups with 3 replicates and bred for 42 days including treatment 1 as control (fed with diet without probiotic) and treatments 2-4, fed with diet containing 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% prebiotics, then 5 ppm of silver nanoparticles were added to the culture medium of each treatment for 16 days. At the end of the experimental period, fish were anesthetized with clove anesthetic solution (220 mg/L) and their liver and gill tissues were isolated for histological studies. Treatments exposed to silver nanoparticles showed extensive complications in gill tissue as well as severe injuries and bile stasis in liver tissue. However, the use of mushroom prebiotics was able to reduce the destructive effects of silver nanoparticles on these tissues. Overall, the results indicated that treatment with 0.2% of prebiotics in the diet could have the best protective effect on tissue damage in the liver and gills of tilapia exposed to silver nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - ارزیابی پرورش بوقلمون در مناطق روستایی ایالت کوارا، نیجریه
O.J. Amao K.L. Ayorinde T.R. Fayeyeبرای به دست آوردن اطلاعات از 132 پرورش دهنده بوقلمون به صورت تصادفی و در دو منطقه از مناطق چهارگانه توسعه کشاورزی در ایالت کاوارا در نیجریه، از روش ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی (PRAT) استفاده شد. اطلاعات مربوط به وضعیت اجتماعی و شغلی پرورش دهندگان، اهداف تولید آنها، تجربه، س Moreبرای به دست آوردن اطلاعات از 132 پرورش دهنده بوقلمون به صورت تصادفی و در دو منطقه از مناطق چهارگانه توسعه کشاورزی در ایالت کاوارا در نیجریه، از روش ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی (PRAT) استفاده شد. اطلاعات مربوط به وضعیت اجتماعی و شغلی پرورش دهندگان، اهداف تولید آنها، تجربه، ساختار گله، شیوههای مدیریت، بازاریابی و مصرف تخم بوقلمون به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد پرورش دهندگان مرد (27/52 درصد) از زنان بیشتر است. متوسط سن کشاورزان 6/52 سال بود که مسیحی یا مسلمان بودند (18/43 درصد در مقابل 82/56 درصد). بسیاری از پرورش دهندگان باسواد بودند و تنها به نژاد محلی برای تولید متکی بودند. متوسط اندازه گله 13 پرنده در هر پرورش دهنده بود. رنگ پرهای مشاهده شده، سیاه و سفید، سفید و بنفش کمرنگ بود. بیش از 90 درصد از پرندگان در سیستم باز و یا در یک سیستم نیمه متراکم با استفاده از ضایعات مواد غذایی موجود و دانهها نگهداری میشدند. نرخ متوسط جفتگیری 66/1:1 بود. پرندگان به طور عمده برای وزن بدن انتخاب میشدند، در حالیکه بیشتر فروش بوقلمون در کریسمس (15/65 درصد) رخ میدهد. حدود 79 درصد از پرورش دهندگان تخم بوقلمونهای قابل جوجهکشی را برای دوست داشتن طعم و مزه آن مصرف میکردند و یا به دلیل اینکه پرنده توانایی جوجهکشی تمام تخمها را در یک بار ندارد. نتایج نشان میدهد که پرورش بوقلمون هنوز هم با ضعف اصلاح نژاد، تغذیه، جایگاه نگهداری و بازاریابی مواجه است. بهبود پرورش بوقلمون نیازمند خدمات توسعه عمومی بهتر است. همچنین معرفی بوقلمون محلی یا دورگه شده با نژادهای با پتانسیل ژنتیکی بالاتر ضروری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Trapezoidal Weir Guide Vanes Conduct the Discharge Coefficient
Mohammad Montazemian Ebrahim Nohani Mohammad HeydarnejadImportant labyrinth spillway of hydraulic structures to regulate and control the flow of water in canals, rivers and reservoirs dams are considered important. Labyrinth spillway by increasing the length of the spillway crest on the slope in a given headwater they will i MoreImportant labyrinth spillway of hydraulic structures to regulate and control the flow of water in canals, rivers and reservoirs dams are considered important. Labyrinth spillway by increasing the length of the spillway crest on the slope in a given headwater they will increase the current carrying capacity. The main objective of this study is the effect of different screen angle and height of directorial on discharge coefficient on trapezoid labyrinth spillway. For this purpose, after doing dimensional analysis by Buckingham method, the relationship resulted in the discharge coefficient (Cd) function of parameters such as the angle of the blades (θ), blades height (hb) and hydraulic load ratio was to spillway height (H0⁄P). The present research experiments have been done on a flume was of 12m, a width of 30cm and a height of 50cm. the results showed that the rise directorial blade angle for a constant and fixed height (7/5, 15, 22/5) led to the discharge coefficient for all the hydraulic load decreases, the reason for this increase confusion and turbulence in the flow lines over spillway and followed by abnormality in bleeding time is different for hydraulic loads ratio the highest spillway discharge coefficient is an spillway with 30 degree angle blades. The results showed that the increasing discharge coefficient of a spillway control to a spillway was a height of 7/5 and 15cm blade respectively. In other words, the ultimate increase of a discharge Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Determine the effective components in urban branding (Case study: Pareh Sar city)
Sharam Shahabi Narges Delafrooz Ali Gholipour Soleimani mohammad taleghaniIn today's developed world, cities act as competitors and strive to capture more capital market share, outstanding talent, and global attention. Urban branding is a tool for gaining a competitive advantage, increasing domestic investment, and tourism. In urban branding, MoreIn today's developed world, cities act as competitors and strive to capture more capital market share, outstanding talent, and global attention. Urban branding is a tool for gaining a competitive advantage, increasing domestic investment, and tourism. In urban branding, it is always tried to create a distinctive and unique image in the minds of the audience by creating and combining the emotional and functional characteristics of that city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effective components in urban branding for the city of Parehsar in Guilan province. Methodologically the research design is an exploratory mix in two stages; In the first stage, was used the Foundation's data qualitative research method, and in the second stage, the descriptive-survey quantitative method and structural equations were used. Initially, semi-structured and exploratory interviews were conducted with 15 academic and executive elites who were purposefully selected based on the theoretical saturation index and were fully acquainted with the citiy. Analysis of qualitative data by foundation data method and analysis of data obtained from the questionnaire by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of the quantitative stage of this research included people or individuals who visited two cities and the number of statistical samples was 384 people for each city separately, with using Cochran's formula. Structural equation modeling using SmartPLS and SPSS21 software was used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Berberis vulgaris Effects on Prefrontal Cortex of Male Wistar Rat After Global Transient Ischemia/Reperfusion
Sara Babran Shabnam Movassaghi Mohammad Mahdi Nazarnejad Zahra Nadia SharifiBackground: Cerebral ischemia is a major global problem that can lead to the loss of cortical pyramidal cells following ischemic / reperfusion injury. Recent studies have examined the neuroprotective role of barberry hydroalcoholic extract in acute ischemia.Methods: Thi MoreBackground: Cerebral ischemia is a major global problem that can lead to the loss of cortical pyramidal cells following ischemic / reperfusion injury. Recent studies have examined the neuroprotective role of barberry hydroalcoholic extract in acute ischemia.Methods: This study was performed experimentally on 18 male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups of control ، ischemic and experimental. The ischemic model was performed by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries for 20 minutes and then blood was restored. In the experimental group, barberry hydroalcoholic extract was injected intraperitoneally for 7 days before ischemia. After 4 days of ischemia, the rat’s brains were removed and stained by applying chrysalis fast violet method. The number of pyramidal cells of the prefrontal cortex of all three groups was counted by Imaging-Pro-Plus software. Then, statistical analysis of the data was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.Results: The results showed that 20 minutes of ischemia significantly reduced the number of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, so that there was a significant difference in the number of these cells between the ischemic group and the control and experimental groups. However, this difference between the control group and the experimental group was not significant.Conclusion: This study reveals that hydro alcoholic extract of barberry has a neurotropic effect on the pyramidal cells of the prefrontal cortex and can be considered as a new candidate for treating of ischemic brain injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Structural Analysis of the Gem of Zarathustra Based on the Story of His Birth in Dēnkard and The Selections of Zadspram
Sāmān Ghāsemi FirouzābādiIn the book seven of Dēnkard and The Selections of Zadspram, some legendary stories are narrated about the birth of Zarathustra, the Persian Prophet. In these stories, his mother plays an important and fundamental role in accepting and transmitting the prophetic light m MoreIn the book seven of Dēnkard and The Selections of Zadspram, some legendary stories are narrated about the birth of Zarathustra, the Persian Prophet. In these stories, his mother plays an important and fundamental role in accepting and transmitting the prophetic light more than the father. To analyze this role, the present study presupposes two assumptions: In Iranian thought, everyone's specific function is a result of his/her essential nature; in pre-Zoroastrian thought, heroic action is to break the darkness and take it out of the Ahuraian universe. Zarathustra creates a new myth called “the pious man” that has the characteristics of a Mobad (Zoroastrian cleric); he performs the task of a hero and breaks the darkness. By using mythological and analytical approach, the present article attempts to study “the myth of hero”, as one of the cultural teachings of ancient Iran, and focuses on the concept of the heroic gem. After examining the story of Zarathustra's birth in Dēnkard and The Selections of Zadspram, we come to the conclusion that the heroic gem is so rooted in Iranian thought that the Zoroastrians, despite the teachings of their prophet, have given this gem to him to make his role in driving Ahreman out of the Ahuraian universe more believable. The heroic gem, as a dual gem, is the result of a combination of light and darkness; it is provided in the essence of Asho Zardosht (the righteous Zarathustra) by combining the gems of Ahura Mazda and Dughdova, the mother of Zarathustra. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Study of Beach Seine Fishery Effect on Macroinvertebrate Community Changes in the South of Caspian Sea
M. Aghebaty M. R. Rahimibashar A. R. MirzajaniThis study was carried out for determining beach seine effects on the macroinvertebrate communities in Shohadaye Anzali -Shirin Mahale andestuaries of Polrud River study areas. In order to survey the effects of beach seine, samplings were carried out in selected station MoreThis study was carried out for determining beach seine effects on the macroinvertebrate communities in Shohadaye Anzali -Shirin Mahale andestuaries of Polrud River study areas. In order to survey the effects of beach seine, samplings were carried out in selected stations during the beach seine fishery season (October- March) and when no beach seine fishery was performed (June-September). Hence, four stations in Shohadaye Anzali - Shirin Mahale and three stations in Polrud River estuaries were chosen for sampling. Statistical analysis of data, normalization, correlation, mean comparison for different parameter used, was performed by applying Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (K–S test) and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, respectively. One-way ANOVA for comparison of means of each parameter, between stations, was used. Classifications of homogeneity of the groups of different benthic organisms throughout the stations were analyzed by Tukey’s test. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in frequency and biomass of the macroinvertebrate species, during the the beach seine fishery season and after the closing of beach seine fishery (p< 0.05). The results also showed that there were no significant differences in species diversity index (p > 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Examining the concept of religion from the point of view of Calvinism in two short stories "Young Goodman" and "The Priest's Black Mask" by Nathanael Hawthorne
fatemeh azizmohammadiThe research of the two short stories "Goodman the Younger" and "The Priest's Black Mask" by Nathanael Hawthorne is evaluated and explained by examining the concept of religion, sin, and salvation based on Calvinism's point of view, such as absolute destruction, definit MoreThe research of the two short stories "Goodman the Younger" and "The Priest's Black Mask" by Nathanael Hawthorne is evaluated and explained by examining the concept of religion, sin, and salvation based on Calvinism's point of view, such as absolute destruction, definite choice, forced grace, conditional compensation, and the persistence of the pious. It also explains the view of John Calvin's theory in relation to the literary field and how to use it to describe the works of Nathanael Hawthorne. The theoretical framework that has been considered for this research is the examination of the concepts of Calvinism and the short stories of Hawthorne, Goodman Brown, and The Priest's Black Mask. This research is actually a more detailed study of Hawthorne's two short stories, which has two theoretical and practical dimensions. First, in the theory section, a detailed and general history of the religion of Calvinism and how this religion was formed was presented, and then Hawthorne's position as a religious writer was examined in his works. In the practical part, the concepts of Calvinism were practically examined on the works of Hawthorne. This research has examined the effects of Calvinism in the Puritan society on Hawthorne's short stories and has thoroughly clarified the role of New England as the main setting of his stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - رابطه بین عناصر فرهنگی و عدم تقارن اطلاعاتی در گزارشگری مالی
سعید جبارزاده هاجر روشنی سبیله خدا یاری -
Open Access Article
42 - پژوهشی در خصوص الگوی اخلاق رسانهای
ali delavari aliakbar farhangi seiedvahid aghili firooz dindarfarkosh -
Open Access Article
43 - تحلیل تنش های ایجاد شده بر روی پره های کامپوزیتی هلیکوپتردر مانور پرواز ایستا
علی اصغر نادری محسن نظری هدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی سازهای پره کامپوزیتی یک بالگرد انتخاب شده میباشد. در این تحقیق به بررسی تنشهای وارد شده بر پرههای روتور (ملخ)، در اثر نیروهای گریز از مرکز، لیفت، درگ و گشتاور پیچشی پرداخته میشود. معادلات حاکم بر رفتار سازه و حل معادلات را در برنام More هدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی سازهای پره کامپوزیتی یک بالگرد انتخاب شده میباشد. در این تحقیق به بررسی تنشهای وارد شده بر پرههای روتور (ملخ)، در اثر نیروهای گریز از مرکز، لیفت، درگ و گشتاور پیچشی پرداخته میشود. معادلات حاکم بر رفتار سازه و حل معادلات را در برنامه متلب بدست آورده و شبیهسازی با استفاده از نرم افزار آباکوس انجام داده شده و با یکدیگر مقایسه میشوند. برنامه نوشته شده در متلب، براساس تئوری المان تیر بوده و محاسبه تنشها و جابجاییهای المانهای درنظر گرفته شده پره از ویژگیهای کد تدوین شده است. در نرم افزار آباکوس، پره بالگرد در حالتهای مختلف اعم از پره آلومینیومی و کامپوزیتی با و بدون وب و پره کامپوزیتی با لایه چینیهای دارای زوایای مختلف شبیهسازی شده است. نتایج این حالات گوناگون با یکدیگر و با کد مقایسه گردیدهاند. در نهایت، نتایج با مقاله مرجع مقایسه شده است. مقایسه بین نتایج المان تیر و شبیه سازی آباکوس از تطابق خوبی برخوردار است. به منظور بهینه سازی ملخ کامپوزیت باید عواملی همچون کاهش مقدار جابجایی، کاهش میزان تنش و جلوگیری از افزایش بیش از حد وزن در نظر گرفته شود، بهطوریکه با افزایش ضخامت لایه های 90 و 45 درجه به 6.5 میلیمتر، ماکزیمم جابجایی 12.9 سانتیمتر و وزن کل سازه 8 کیلوگرم خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - بررسی تجربی و شبیهسازی فرآیند شکلدهی غلتکی سرد لوله به روش تحلیل اجزای محدود
حسن مسلمی نائینی مهدی تاجداری سیامک مزدک ولی اله پناهی زادهفرآیند شکلدهی غلتکی سرد یکی از روشهای شکلدهی فلزات است و روشی متداول برای تولید لوله از ورق تخت میباشد. در این مقاله تغییر شکل الاستیک-پلاستیک یک ورق فلزی طی فرآیند شکلدهی غلتکی سرد و تبدیل آن به لوله توسط نرمافزار روش اجزای محدود انسیس[1]، بررسی شده است. در این ش Moreفرآیند شکلدهی غلتکی سرد یکی از روشهای شکلدهی فلزات است و روشی متداول برای تولید لوله از ورق تخت میباشد. در این مقاله تغییر شکل الاستیک-پلاستیک یک ورق فلزی طی فرآیند شکلدهی غلتکی سرد و تبدیل آن به لوله توسط نرمافزار روش اجزای محدود انسیس[1]، بررسی شده است. در این شبیهسازی مراحل فشاری شدید، مرحله راهنما و مرحله پرهای مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در بخش عملی با استفاده از اطلاعات خطوط لوله 24 اینچ کارخانه لولهسازی اهواز مدلی جداگانه طراحی گردیده است. نتایج حاصل از شبیهسازی با آنچه از مطالعات تجربی و تحلیلی دیگر پژوهشگران و با نتایج تجربی شرکت لولهسازی اهواز به دست آمده است؛ مقایسه گردیده و همخوانی خوبی بین آنها دیده میشود. [1]-Ansys Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - بررسی تاثیر مکان میله های حلقوی در پره های مرحله آخر توربین بخار روی فرکانسهای طبیعی آن
مهدی نوذرپور عباس رهیدر این پژوهش تاثیر مکان میله‏ها‏ی‏ حلقوی در فرکانس طبیعی پره‏‏های مرحله آخر توربین بخار بررسی شده است. پره‏های توربین اجزاء بحرانی و مهمی در نیروگاه‏ها هستند. یکی از پارامترهای مهم در پره‏ها، محل قرار گرفتن میله‏های حلقوی است. ابتدا ب Moreدر این پژوهش تاثیر مکان میله‏ها‏ی‏ حلقوی در فرکانس طبیعی پره‏‏های مرحله آخر توربین بخار بررسی شده است. پره‏های توربین اجزاء بحرانی و مهمی در نیروگاه‏ها هستند. یکی از پارامترهای مهم در پره‏ها، محل قرار گرفتن میله‏های حلقوی است. ابتدا برای تولید مدل هندسی سه بعدی پره از اسکن سه بعدی کمک گرفته شده است و پس از اطمینان از مدل‏سازی تک پره، به فرآیند مونتاژ پره‏های مرحله آخر توربین فشار ضعیف و شبیه‏سازی اجزاء محدود پرداخته می‏شود. در این مرحله از پره های توربین، دو ردیف میله‏ی حلقوی وجود دارد که در این مقاله، تاثیر موقعیت میله‏های حلقوی نسبت به ریشه، روی فرکانس طبیعی سیستم بررسی شده است. با توجه به نیروهای تحریک‏کننده‏ مدل، نتایج بدست آمده از فرکانس‏های طبیعی، شکل مودها و نمودار کمپل نشان می‏دهد که در مکان‏های مختلف از میله‏های حلقوی مورد بررسی، تشدیدی در این ردیف پره ها رخ نمی‏‏دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - بررسی تغییرات فصلی بر شیوع پرهاکلامپسی طی پنج سال اخیر در بیمارستانهای آموزشی مشهد
Roya Nasiri Akram Ahmad SHADMEHRI -
Open Access Article
47 - Who is Aboolalaye Maani and what was his of thinking
Mahmood moghtadaiAboolalaye Maarri was born in mid-third century and his name is well-known in Arabic literature and in the world literature, as well. Inspite of being sight impaired he possessed such brilliant memory and deft in reciting verse and composing Arabic prose. In this es MoreAboolalaye Maarri was born in mid-third century and his name is well-known in Arabic literature and in the world literature, as well. Inspite of being sight impaired he possessed such brilliant memory and deft in reciting verse and composing Arabic prose. In this essay it is also tried to introduce his dynasty and his birthplace, acquisition, criticizing his notion and also his works and thoughts has been reviewed. This essay represents his abortiveness and his philosophy of life which has been shown in his colloctions of prose and verse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The effectiveness of treatment based on outpatient deep matrix model and stages of change on improvement of self-regulation and self-efficacy of drug abstinence
mostafa Jafari nezhad Sodabe Basak nezhad Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Yadollahe ZargarVarious psychological treatments have been provided for addiction treatment. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on matrix deep outpatient model and stages of change on improvement of self-regulation and self-efficacy of drug MoreVarious psychological treatments have been provided for addiction treatment. The aim of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on matrix deep outpatient model and stages of change on improvement of self-regulation and self-efficacy of drug abstinence in men addicted to amphetamines. For this purpose, 45 male drug abusers of amphetamines who referred to Razi addiction medicine clinic were selected, randomly, in a semi- experimental study with pre-test, post-test and in a 3 month follow up with a control group. They were assigned to two groups of experiment and control (a group intervention model based on outpatient deep matrix and other intervention stage of change model). The groups were evaluated both before and after the treatment and 3 months after the completion of treatment on emotional self-regulation, self-efficacy, and drug abstinence. The two groups of experiment underwent 16 sessions of treatment based on outpatient deep matrix model and stages of change, twice weekly. The result of multiple covariance analysis indicated the effectiveness of both models of treatment on reduction of emotional self-regulation problems and an increase in self-efficacy of drug abstinence. Comparative results indicated more effectiveness and stability in stages of change model compared to deep outpatient model in the post-test and three months follow-up on emotional self-regulation and self-efficacy of drug abstinence. It seems emotional self-regulation is important for the treatment of addiction and they consider emotional self-regulation as an effective mechanism on a change in clinical interventions. Manuscript profile
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