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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation and analysis of the formation of the Shiraz school in painting and its effectsThis school in the architecture of Shiraz city
Mohammad Varasteh ٍElham DehghaniThe Shiraz school of painting is a type of painting and book design that emerged during the Al-Inju period with the support of powerful and wealthy art educators and reached its peak during the Timurid era. Since architecture is always a reflection of the culture and ar MoreThe Shiraz school of painting is a type of painting and book design that emerged during the Al-Inju period with the support of powerful and wealthy art educators and reached its peak during the Timurid era. Since architecture is always a reflection of the culture and art of that period in every period of history, and the transformations that took place in other areas of life and art were proportional to it, therefore, dealing with the historical and artistic background of the city in a situation It seems necessary to improve the quality of contemporary architecture. One of the important features of the Shiraz school is stage design, creating a balance between text and image, book design, and the use of small engravings. The artists of this school represented all the elements of Iranian thought and belief in the text and general intellectual and cultural context of the Islamic society of their time. In this regard, in this research, the researcher has tried to know as much as possible the principles and aesthetic values of Shiraz painting art and examines how it affects the architecture of Shiraz city. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, which examines the painting of Shiraz and its relationship with the architecture of Shiraz through content analysis, and library and field methods were used to collect its materials, and by studying documents, historical books, texts Literature and observation have been used. The results of this research indicate the existence of works and evidences of the Shiraz School in the architecture of the old buildings of this city, such as the Narenjestan Garden and the Atiq Mosque, the evidences that state that the three texts of architecture, literature and paintings are connected to each other and complement each other's meaning. they do. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Sovereignty Over the Ra’āyā: Reflection of Safavid Ideology in “Man on a Composite Horse and Elephant” Paintings
Seddighe Nayefi asghar javani Mohammad Reza MoridiThe” Man on a composite horse and elephant” Paintings of Safavid belong to the world- composite paintings class that the scholars have acknowledged for emerging and abundance of them in the 16th / 10th century. Despite the attractiveness, those works faced s MoreThe” Man on a composite horse and elephant” Paintings of Safavid belong to the world- composite paintings class that the scholars have acknowledged for emerging and abundance of them in the 16th / 10th century. Despite the attractiveness, those works faced stagnation and changing concepts over the next following years. This research on the context of the theory of reflection attempts to explain the influence of society and the dominant ideology in the art works and analysis of the content of images and its adaptation to the Safavid society, the nature and function of the identity and function of the figurative compartments in those works and their role in society and the reflection of society on them. The most important achievements of this research are determining the present and absent groups in the community which is depicted in those works, extracting the main concept from encoding images including "Integrated and centralized governance" and "king as herder of ra’āyā", adjusting those concepts with the capabilities and defects of the ruling class ideology, having a critical look at the concepts and finally presenting reasons for the stagnation of their illustrations, such as reduction of the capacity of the early dynamic ideology and the wane of metaphors such as ”king as herder of ra’āyā”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effect of Ibn al-Haytham’s Vision Theory on the Prevalence of Linear Perspective in the Renaissance Painting
Parvaneh Delfani Esmael Bani ArdalanLinear perspective provides a pattern to represent a space which relates to some of the rules of Vision Science. This type of perspective has become popular in Europe since 15th century on the basis of Ibn al- Haytham’s Vision Theory. According to a historical- An MoreLinear perspective provides a pattern to represent a space which relates to some of the rules of Vision Science. This type of perspective has become popular in Europe since 15th century on the basis of Ibn al- Haytham’s Vision Theory. According to a historical- Analytical research, the effects of this theory have been considered from two aspects: Firstly, the translation of the “Book of Optics” in Latin made it possible that European artists become familiar with Ibn al- Haytham’s Vision Theory. In this theory, he describes how image is created in the eye. Secondly, through transferring his dark room to Europe, the European artists were able to use it to transfer pictures exactly to the canvas. As a result of this acquaintance, linear perspective became prevalent in Europe. Moreover, it is technically and scientifically possible for artists to make pictures on the basis of the focus point of the observer, which is in fact his inverted vision cone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Visual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's painting
Iman Ghalandarian Zahra younesiVisual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's paintingUrban spaces have a unique role in fulfilling the social and individual needs of child and youth. Improving the quality of these spaces could be effective in health and increase physic MoreVisual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's paintingUrban spaces have a unique role in fulfilling the social and individual needs of child and youth. Improving the quality of these spaces could be effective in health and increase physical strength, Strengthening social interactions, group correlations and increase creativity in children. In other hand painting is a path to acquire abilities and creativity for children. Generally the mental connections of children with urban spaces is sort of problems that exposed in their paintings due to inability of communicate and transfer the message correctly. So the purpose of this study is to identify the most effective indicators on child friendly urban spaces based on children’s painting. The research method is qualitative and the data is collected through survey research method. The statistical society of the study consist of 7 from 12 years old children in Mashhad ( The second greatest city In Iran) and the statistical sample is selected through the purposive non-random sampling model. For this purpose 70 paintings on urban spaces is painted by children and based on drawing- sketching model of cognitive map and analysed by MAXQDA software. By analyzing the research variables including used symbols and colours in the paintings optimal features of urban space is extracted from the children's perspective. The results shows safety and comfort with 17.89% of importance is most important features of child friendly urban space and appropriate access to green and natural spaces, recreational and entertaining zones, public spaces, appropriate public transportation system, access to essential facilities and services, existence of a non-polluting environment, attractive visual elements and possibility of children’s participation are next ratings. To reach this elements attention must be focused on safety, designing and locating of child-friendly urban spaces, In that way they feel safe and feel free to access green and natural spaces. In order to attract a child to urban space and increase his/her sense of satisfaction from spaces he/she must understand urban spaces and use them. In other words, a child could engage himself/herself in spaces when he/she understands it; understanding spaces happens when they feel safety. Surveys has shown that features of a child-friendly urban spaces and proper access to green and natural spaces, recreational and entertaining zones, public spaces, appropriate transportation system, basic amenities and services, pollution free environment. Attractive visual elements and children’s possibility of participation are the next children’s priorities. These features allow them to play in space as they get pleased. Creating artificial and natural spaces together, using sophisticated and simple supplies allow them to grow their creativity. In addition paying attention to playgrounds that is not just a park can help their grow and development.These features allow them to play in space as they get pleased. Creating artificial and natural spaces together, using sophisticated and simple supplies allow them to grow their creativity. In addition paying attention to playgrounds that is not just a park can help their grow and development.Keywords: Child, child’s painting. Urban space, child friendly city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Representation of Architectural Space in Painting with a Layered Semiotic Approach (Case Study: Iran Darroudi artworks)
Ensieh Vali Siamak Panahi Manouchehr Foroutan Hossein ArdalaniInterdisciplinary studies linking art, philosophy, and theories of contemporary semiotics have opened a new path and vision to art explorations. The significance of meaning in artworks caused other disciplines to appear in art studies. This transformation implied that m MoreInterdisciplinary studies linking art, philosophy, and theories of contemporary semiotics have opened a new path and vision to art explorations. The significance of meaning in artworks caused other disciplines to appear in art studies. This transformation implied that meaning in artworks is not an objective and evident component, requiring interpretation and analysis. Meaning can be transferred between different artistic media. Studying the relationship between architecture and painting is considered an essential interdisciplinary field of research. Architectural space is a media manifesting as a painting in its interaction with the artist.These studies have raised a profound understanding of the artwork's meaning. In addition, providing a scientific knowledge of art has made them well known. Moreover, there is a need for interdisciplinary comprehension of art with social and human approaches. The present article aims to examine the role of architectural space in the creation of paintings with an emphasis on interdisciplinary studies. The main question is, "considering painting a text entailing semiotic codes, what semantic approaches to architectural space can affect it through profound exploration of the spatial layers, and how can a painting be read? ".The general justification of this article is to explain and describe the relationship between architecture and other types of art, especially painting.Although architectural structures and spaces are a combination of applied and functional approaches, they can be studied as artworks to yield an interactive synergy between their aesthetic and semantic layers concerning other subcategories of art, such as painting. Moreover, in the next step, the paper discusses the meaning layers of the space in artists' minds. When painting, the artist detaches from the real world, reaching a clearer understanding of the mind's reality through an experimental journey.This mental projection involves new manifestations of spatial visualization within the image.The article used a qualitative approach to research based on an interdisciplinary study of architecture and painting. In the first section, spatial codes are embedded in different layers according to the space approach; then, a theoretical framework is introduced based on layered semiotics to read the spatial implications of the case studied.Given the apparent representation of architectural space in Iran Darroudi's artworks, we have selected her paintings (Everlasting Marriage; Steadfastness; Stupor of the Plain and Thirst of Desert) and collected primary data using a library-survey method.The results showed that the architectural space, transformed into a system of meaningful places for the artist, can be manifested in the painting as spatial codes. The painter expresses her idea of the urban space in spatial signs in the form of isotopia, heterotopia, or utopia, which can be read in syntagmatic layers.In the textual and media layers, the physical reading of space is matched with the architectural typology method. In a principled correlation, spatial approaches are decoded in the code and text layer. Finally, spatial-phenomenological relations are identified from the painter's existential space in the intertextuality-coding layer. These may be read in textual, intertextuality, and coding layers, as well as semiotics, phenomenology, and typology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Designing an analytical model of children's tourism attitude towards social development through intangible assets
Mahdi Karoubi Mahmood Ziaee Zohre MohammadiTaking qualitative steps from an early idea to the final results, this study reached a model design. The study sought to discover the perceived motivations of travel and tourism for children through their perceived interests and benefits in their past best travels. The MoreTaking qualitative steps from an early idea to the final results, this study reached a model design. The study sought to discover the perceived motivations of travel and tourism for children through their perceived interests and benefits in their past best travels. The data collection method is a combination of children's thematic painting and a short interview about describing the painting in their own language. The paintings and the text of the interviews were analyzed with thematic content analysis. Children aged 9-12 years old girls and boys were studied in four areas of 1, 3, 4, and 12 in Tehran. Also, the sample was distributed in public and private schools in each district. Totally, 107 paintings were analyzed. The analytical model of children's drawing was designed and applied in a descriptive phase and three analytical phases. The analysis of children's paintings provides an insight into their perception and orientation towards tourism and is an innovative start for research with children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Designing an Analytical Qualitative Model of Children's Tourism Attitude towards Social Development through Intangible Assets
Mehdi Karoubi Mahmood Ziaee Zohre MohammadiTaking qualitative steps from an early idea to the final results, this study reached a model design. The study sought to discover the perceived motivations of travel and tourism for children through their perceived interests and benefits in their past best travels. The MoreTaking qualitative steps from an early idea to the final results, this study reached a model design. The study sought to discover the perceived motivations of travel and tourism for children through their perceived interests and benefits in their past best travels. The data collection method is a combination of children's thematic painting and a short interview about describing the painting in their own language. The paintings and the text of the interviews were analyzed with thematic content analysis. Children aged 9-12 years old girls and boys were studied in four areas of 1, 3, 4, and 12 in Tehran. Also, the sample was distributed in public and private schools in each district. Totally, 107 paintings were analyzed. The analytical model of children's drawing was designed and applied in a descriptive phase and three analytical phases. The analysis of children's paintings provides an insight into their perception and orientation towards tourism and is an innovative start for research with children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Components of the Expressionism School in the Novel of Hamnavayi-e Shabane-ye Orkestr-e Chubha
Mojtaba DastjerdiAt the beginning of the twentieth century, the human worldview is undergoing transformations under the influence of the First World War, and subsequently the art of this age is also transformed. Human in this era, the human being is the dying and the mutilation and the MoreAt the beginning of the twentieth century, the human worldview is undergoing transformations under the influence of the First World War, and subsequently the art of this age is also transformed. Human in this era, the human being is the dying and the mutilation and the anxiety in his being shadowed. This process in art is Expressionism, which, as an artistic school, represents the state of the art and presents works of art that reveal differences with the works of earlier periods. This article attempts to explore the components of Expressionism school in romania in Hamnavayi-e Shabane-ye Orkestr-e Chubha by Reza Qasemi using library resources and descriptive-analytic methods to help better understand the expressive aspects of the story. Introducing more of this work as a different model in Persian novels. The results show that the author is from factors such as expression of fear, psychological problems, confusion, faiths and beliefs, Romance and dealing with such puzzles as prediction, creating a crisis of identity, distortion of reality, seduction, emphasis on dismembering the form, and neglecting the rules of writing, and using some of these components of the teachings of the expressionism school which has been implicated in playwriting, and in particular the expressionist cinema of Germany; The fear of death, the use of the capacity of dark spaces and lighting, the disturbance of the narrator's personality by his shadow, and its consequences that lead to problems such as self-destruction and the identity crisis; In addition, the footprint of the writer's half-way to the expressionist painting is also evident in the novel, which has a special effect on Qasemi's work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Explaining the mystical atmosphere of Sama and combining it with the art of modern painting
neda bassari aziz hojajjaji kaijough Arash MoshfeghiIn creating a harmony between the atmosphere of mysticism and art, as the seeker as an intuition believes in his own views; The artist will also face such a situation in creating a novel work, and this success also requires achieving a fixed and beloved truth, which in MoreIn creating a harmony between the atmosphere of mysticism and art, as the seeker as an intuition believes in his own views; The artist will also face such a situation in creating a novel work, and this success also requires achieving a fixed and beloved truth, which in the creation of the work of art, the truth that has emerged in this field, has been manifested in the form of a painting. The refinement of the mystical concept of hearing and its morphology in the aesthetic elements of color and painting becomes more expressive when it deals with its combined course with modern painting, and this opportunity, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical method; It takes aesthetics to the point where a more practical axis can be presented. This research, with ideation mixed with the author's imagination and with the guidance of a painter to role his new thoughts and ideas, has been exhibited for the first time along with images that are the creation of the author's creative mind. The ultimate goal of this research is to claim that the artist painter can combine one of the traditions of conduct (hearing) which he has taken from Salaf painters; To depict nature by referring to the appearances of nature symbolically and by mixing religious colors, along with a mystical view of the origin and origin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - مقایسه اثربخشی نقاشی درمانی و قصه درمانی بر کاهش نشانههای اختلال اضطراب جدایی کودکان پیشدبستانی
میترا کریمایی عاطفه فردوسی بور -
Open Access Article
11 - The effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in fourth grade male students
akram pakzadmoghadam ghasem askari zadeh masoud bagheriThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistica MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population included all fourth grade elementary school boys in Kerman in 1396-97. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and three schools were randomly selected from among the boys' primary schools in Kerman. Then sampling was done. Forty-seven students with high anxiety scores were selected based on the Anxiety Inventory (Spence, 1998). Finally, after matching based on anxiety scores, 30 students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. Drawing art therapy was performed on the students of the experimental group during 12 sessions of 90 minutes, two days a week. Students in the control group did not receive any training during this period. At the end of the intervention, anxiety inventory were performed on the students of the two groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that art therapy based Drawing reduced general anxiety disorder and fear of physical harm in primary school students (p <0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The effect of therapeutic painting and play therapy on the creativity and behavioral problems of elementary school elementary school students
Syavash SHeykhalizadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic painting and play therapy on the creativity and behavioral problems of elementary school students in Tabriz. This was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic painting and play therapy on the creativity and behavioral problems of elementary school students in Tabriz. This was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all students of primary school boys in Tabriz in the academic year of 2018-2019. Multi-stage random cluster sampling was used to select the sample. First, 4 districts were selected from the districts of Tabriz, and from the schools of that district, three primary schools were randomly selected, and from each of the three schools, 1 class was randomly selected, and then from knowledge. The selected school students were randomly assigned to 45 students in 3 groups, the first experimental painting (15 subjects), the second experimental group of experimental play therapy (15 subjects) and control (15 subjects). The subjects of the first experimental group underwent painting therapy for 10 sessions and the second experimental group underwent therapy for 10 sessions and did not receive any training in front of the control group. Research questionnaires including Creativity Scale (Abedi, 1993) and Behavioral Problems Scale (Rutter, 1976) were selected. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and post-test. The results of this study showed that painting and therapeutic games have an effect on creativity and behavioral problems of students. Also, the results of post hoc test showed that painting therapy has a greater effect on creativity and game therapy on students' behavioral problems. According to the results, painting therapy and play therapy have been effective in improving creativity and reducing students' behavioral problems. As a result, it seems necessary to create the necessary grounds for holding painting therapy and play therapy sessions in schools, which can be effective in improving the psychological and educational status of these students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Comparative Study of the Wall_Paintings of Imamzadehs and Churches in Isfahan.
Ailreza Mohamadi Milasi Farnoosh HedayatAfter moving Armenians to Isfahan, Shah Abbas I ordered to build churches for them so that they would adhere to the urban life in Isfahan. These churches, which were initially formed with the help of Iranian architects, had an Iranian taste. Most of the researchers who MoreAfter moving Armenians to Isfahan, Shah Abbas I ordered to build churches for them so that they would adhere to the urban life in Isfahan. These churches, which were initially formed with the help of Iranian architects, had an Iranian taste. Most of the researchers who have written about the churches of Isfahan's New Jolfa have relied on the fact that the architecture of Isfahan's churches is Iranian. The main goal of this article is to compare the paintings of Imamzadehs and churches in Isfahan, remained from late Qajar era, in terms of theme, structure, image and relationship with the environment. The research question is “what effect did the painting of churches have on the wall paintings of Imamzadehs in the late Qajar era?” This study is library and field-based to collect the data, descriptive-analytical and comparative in terms of methodology. It attempts to find the similarities and differences of the tone and shape of the wall paintings of the churches and imamzadehs of Isfahan as one of the manifestations of sacred art in terms of concept and expression according to the characteristics related to their roles. The findings of the research show that the subject of Imamzadeh's paintings are pictorial narratives of the favorite themes of Iranian Shia people. The blessed images of the Prophet Muhammad, the Imams, the visual narration of the Ashura incident, are all clear examples of the interests and beliefs of every Muslim who enters a place like Imamzadeh. The subject of the paintings on the walls of the New Jolfa churches in Isfahan is generally the sufferings of Christ and his relatives and other religious traditions mixed with people's beliefs. In the imamzadehs of Isfahan, the religious stories and sufferings of the imams have been depicted mixed with folk beliefs, and the composition, colors and icons have been influenced by the churches. The execution of painting and the work materials of the painters have been almost common in both. Despite the similarities, the painting of churches has been a state art in a sense, but none of the creators of imamzadeh wall paintings were related to the ruling class, and this issue is very influential in the execution and richness of the work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Revisiting Identity and the Formation of the Third Space in Contemporary Art of Isfahan, with an Emphasis on the Theory of the Third Space by Homi Bhabha (Case Study: Works by Hossein Tahvilian, Mohammad Khalili, Seyed Mahmoud Hosseini, and Mehdi Hamedi)
Seyed Mahmood Hosseini Dehmiri Hossein Tahvilian Mohammad KhaliliThe art of painting in Isfahan has a historical background dating back to cave dwellings in this region, playing a significant role in the evolution of Iranian painting and maintaining its structure throughout governmental changes. Isfahan's geographical location, situa MoreThe art of painting in Isfahan has a historical background dating back to cave dwellings in this region, playing a significant role in the evolution of Iranian painting and maintaining its structure throughout governmental changes. Isfahan's geographical location, situated in the center of Iran, has provided Iranian artists with the opportunity to engage with both Eastern and Western transformations. This characteristic, coupled with the migration and establishment of art universities in Iran, has had a profound impact on cultural and artistic relationships, leading to innovative movements in contemporary Isfahan painting. Drawing on the concept of hybridity and the third space, Homi Bhabha effectively describes the formation of this space in postcolonial critique and emphasizes its significance in generating new cultural and artistic interactions. One of the key factors contributing to the creation of such a space in contemporary Isfahan painting is the presence of migrant artists and graduates from art universities in other cities who have contributed to the emergence of a new visual space in Isfahan's art scene. This article aims to review the identity and formation of the third space in contemporary painting in Isfahan, with a focus on Homi Bhabha's theory. The central question of this research is: What impact have immigrant artists had on the reinterpretation of identity and the formation of the third space in Isfahan's contemporary painting? The research methodology employed is primarily a combination of a fundamental-applicative approach in terms of its objective and a descriptive-analytical approach in terms of its nature. The sampling method utilized is purposeful, involving the selection of four artists who have studied both in Tehran and in universities and schools in Isfahan, particularly in the field of painting. The research findings demonstrate that immigrant artists in Isfahan have successfully contributed to the creation of a new intercultural space within the city, closely aligning with Homi Bhabha's conceptualization of the third space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Mystical Symbol of Light and Color in Gothic Paintings and Architecture
Peyman Alizadeh oskooii Ismail BaniArdalan Kamran Afshar mohajer Mohamad reza Sharifzadeh Mohamad javad SafianMysticism entails insight in the Absolute, insight in his names, traits, and expressions. All names of Allah, such as Jamil, Badie, Mosavar, etc. are tied with art and aesthetics. Color is the expression of pluralism in unity. Light, per se, is a symbol of unity b MoreMysticism entails insight in the Absolute, insight in his names, traits, and expressions. All names of Allah, such as Jamil, Badie, Mosavar, etc. are tied with art and aesthetics. Color is the expression of pluralism in unity. Light, per se, is a symbol of unity but it is embodied by color and color acts as a media for expression and emergence of light. Colors signify a specific meaning in the realm of art. For instance, green implies a divine mystical state but white is the symbol of Absoluteness. Goethic architecture seeks to create mysterious spaces through a combination of lights, shadows, and bright colors, so that the sacredness of that space is immadiately perceived. Present study attempts to examine the application of light and color in Goethic architecture and paintings. It is of descriptive-analytical type. Data is gathered through inductive reasoning and librarian method. Research findings show that Goethic architecture and painting imbued with religious concepts makes an attempt to embody God embeded in mysterious spaces through a combination of lights and colors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - بررسی بنمایههای زیباییشناسی هنر و ادبیات
monir asgar nezhad mohammad ali gozashti -
Open Access Article
17 - Developing Creativity among 6-Year-Old Children Using a Doodle-Book Training Program
Mahvash Raghibi Zahra KhanmohammadzadeAbstract Background: The world around us is rapidly changing. To keep pace with these changes and, subsequently, solve the issues caused by these transformations, we need creative and innovative people. Objective: This study mainly aimed at determining the effectivenes MoreAbstract Background: The world around us is rapidly changing. To keep pace with these changes and, subsequently, solve the issues caused by these transformations, we need creative and innovative people. Objective: This study mainly aimed at determining the effectiveness of a doodle-book training program in increasing creativity and its components among 6-year-old children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study followed by a pretest-post-test design with a control group. The present study had a statistical population including all preschool students in Zahedan selected using a convenience sampling method. In this regard, two classes were chosen as experimental groups (girls: 24, boys: 22) and two classes were selected as control groups (girls: 22, boys: 22). The experimental groups took part in 10 sessions of the doodle-book training program and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Form B) was carried out on these groups before and after holding the sessions. Results: Results of a multiple-way analysis of co-variance indicated that the doodle-book training program increased creativity and its components among the children. Moreover, results of a multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference between the girls’ and boys’ groups with regard to the components of creativity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the doodle-book training program can be effective in increasing creativity among preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effectiveness of Music and Painting Training on Increasing Creativity and Reducing Aggression and in Preschool Pupils in Hamedan city
Mina Boroujerdi Hasan Asadzadeh Masod Hejazi Gholam Hossein Entesar FoumanyObjective: Considering the high prevalence of aggression in preschool and the important role of creativity and the negative effect in this period The aim of present research is to determine the effectiveness of music and painting training on increasing creativity and MoreObjective: Considering the high prevalence of aggression in preschool and the important role of creativity and the negative effect in this period The aim of present research is to determine the effectiveness of music and painting training on increasing creativity and reducing aggression in preschool students in Hamedan. Methods: This research is quasi- experimental with Pre-test and post-test with control group design. The statistical populations under this study consisted of all pre-school students in Hamedan in 1965-96 (N = 14366). The sample size was 30 students of preschool girl (15) and boy (15) who were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of control and test. The experimental group were trained for painting instruction for 10 sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. The data collection tool was questionnaire of 43 questions about preschool children aggression and Torrance creative thinking scale.The data was analyzed through statistical tests variance and multivariate covariance, Findings: The results of covariance analysis also showed that painting training significantly affected aggression (p < 0/001) and creativity p < 0/001) of preschool students. And music training significantly affected aggression (p < 0/001) and creativity p < 0/001) of preschool students. However, there was no significant difference between painting teaching and music teaching in decreasing aggression and increasing creativity. Discussion :Painting and music training through expressing thoughts and feelings and enhancing flexural and fluidity skills has reduced aggression and improved creativity in preschool children. As a result, it can be used as an effective teaching method for preschool children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation the Effectiveness of Painting Therapy to Creativity and Social Maturity of 4-6-Year-Old Kids
Mandana Rokni Ali Zadeh Mohamadi Shokouh NavabinejadAbstract Background: Due to the importance of creativity and social maturity and since one of the growth backgrounds in childhood is painting, it can be used for improvement of creativity and children relationships. Purpose: The main aim of this study is evaluation the MoreAbstract Background: Due to the importance of creativity and social maturity and since one of the growth backgrounds in childhood is painting, it can be used for improvement of creativity and children relationships. Purpose: The main aim of this study is evaluation the effectiveness of painting therapy to creativity and social maturity of 4-6 year old kids. Method: The method in this study is semi-experimental and sampling has been done randomly. 30 children were replaced in experimental and control groups. Both groups received Torrance Test of Creativity and Vinland Test of Social Maturity. After performing 12 sessions of group painting therapy on experimental group, creativity and social maturity of both groups were determined again. Results: The results showed that painting therapy has meaningful effect on creativity (originality, fluency, flexibility) and social maturity of 4-6 year old kids (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Painting therapy is an attractive approach on improvement of creativity (originality, fluency, flexibility) and social maturity of 4-6 year old kids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Effectiveness of Painting Therapy on Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life of Female Students with Reading Disorder
Leila Mansouri Somayeh Roshannia Fereidoun ShakibaniaPurpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of painting therapy on self-efficacy and quality of life of female students with reading disorders. Methodology: The research method of this study is a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-te MorePurpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of painting therapy on self-efficacy and quality of life of female students with reading disorders. Methodology: The research method of this study is a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with the control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Khoram Abad city in the academic year of 2021-2022. Then 30 people with reading disorder were selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling and were assigned randomly to two groups (15 people in each group). The experimental groups received painting therapy for eight 60-minute sessions. The instruments used in this study were the self-efficacy questionnaire (Sherer et al, 1982) and the quality of life questionnaires )Ware et al, 1996). The data was done using covariance analysis tests. Finding: The results showed a significant increase in painting therapy on the self-efficacy of the subjects in the experimental group (p<0/001), but no significant effect was observed on the quality of life (p<0/63). Conclusion: Based on the result we can say that painting therapy is an effective way in improving self-efficacy in students with reading disorders. Keywords: Painting therapy, Self-efficacy, Quality of Life, Reading Disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Comparative Study of the Paintings in Kuh-e Khwaja with the Wall Paintings in Doura-Europos
Faezeh Rezaei Elham Vosough BabaeiThe region in Kuhe-e Khwaja located in Sistan, and the one in Doura-Europos located in modern Syria are outstanding regions from the painting point of view in Parthian Empire period; the art was never seen in Iran before the Parthian Empire. This paper tends to provide MoreThe region in Kuhe-e Khwaja located in Sistan, and the one in Doura-Europos located in modern Syria are outstanding regions from the painting point of view in Parthian Empire period; the art was never seen in Iran before the Parthian Empire. This paper tends to provide a comparative study of the wall paintings in Kuhe-e Khwaja and the ones in Doura-Europos focusing on the artistic methods, motifs and the contents utilized in the wall paintings in the two regions while also comparing with the other archeological objects belonging to Parthian Empire. The results showed that despite differences, especially the ones concerning characters and religious contents in Doura paintings, similarities could be found between the paintings in the two regions in artistic methods like full-faced pictures, outlining, perspective, and in painting contents such as using older styles and models like hunting and levee all having their roots in Iranian local arts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Comparative Investigation of Achaemenid Wall Paintings of Shaour Palace
Fatemeh MohseniThe historic-artistic and comparative probe accomplished on two pieces of painting on a clay layer belonging to Achaemenid period, which had been kept in a room in Susa Castle demonstrated that these two pieces were the two first paintings obtained from the Achaemenid p MoreThe historic-artistic and comparative probe accomplished on two pieces of painting on a clay layer belonging to Achaemenid period, which had been kept in a room in Susa Castle demonstrated that these two pieces were the two first paintings obtained from the Achaemenid period that have been created on the clay wall. In order to attain the essence of the paintings and their content, investigation about the figure's details was first done and, then it referred to the figures' relationship. The outcome of the study is to recognize and identify the figures and the subject matters of the pictures as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - بررسی تاثیر نقاشی درمانی بر مشکلات رفتاری کودکان با توجه به کیفیت محیط کالبدی آنها
الناز حسن پوربابایی جمال الدین سهیلی -
Open Access Article
24 - The RelationShip Between Pre-school Education And Students’ Educational Progress
mohamadreza keramati ashraf lazemi zahra rahmdelzadehFor doing this research 100 girl and boy students have been selected randomly out of 10344. The research was done through questionary. Pierson correlation coefficient showed that there is a relationship between pre-school education and educational progress in sciences. MoreFor doing this research 100 girl and boy students have been selected randomly out of 10344. The research was done through questionary. Pierson correlation coefficient showed that there is a relationship between pre-school education and educational progress in sciences. (0/679), Persian literature (0/614), painting (0/808), and mathematics (0/524). The results of independent T test confirmed this relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigation of The poet and whole text of the historical inscription in the eastern vestibule of Yazd’s jaame mosque
fatemeh salahshour yaser hamzavi maryam mahmoudiIn the eastern entrance of Yazd’s jaame mosque there is a square vestibule that is almost about 50 m2 there is a historical inscription in it. The inscription is an Arabic poem, written in the third line (sols ) in 1376. During the years, some part of the texts ar MoreIn the eastern entrance of Yazd’s jaame mosque there is a square vestibule that is almost about 50 m2 there is a historical inscription in it. The inscription is an Arabic poem, written in the third line (sols ) in 1376. During the years, some part of the texts are missed and destroyed. Iraj Afshar, the writer of the Yazd souvenir book, according to the historical books of the Yazd only pointed to the ode informed and he noted that it is attributed to seyed Hassan Motakalem. Mohammad taqi Daneshpajooh, Iranian researcher, attributed this ode to sharaf o din baqdadi in an article. In this article the poet and whole text of this inscription is investigated according to the remains of the inscription. At the end, it was founded that the text is a part of Arabic ode in praise of the holy prophet, Mohammad, peace be upon him , that is attributed to seyed Hassan Qaznavi the Iranian famous poet in 12th century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - representing the concept of space in Iranian expressionist paintings
Parichehr Moafi Ghafari simon Ayvazian sheida khansariThe artistic developments of the early 20th century in art history are generally called "Expressionist", which is the beginning and decline of this movement between 1910 and 1925. Expressionism is a kind of exaggeration in colors and shapes, a way free from na MoreThe artistic developments of the early 20th century in art history are generally called "Expressionist", which is the beginning and decline of this movement between 1910 and 1925. Expressionism is a kind of exaggeration in colors and shapes, a way free from naturalism that wanted to express emotional states as clearly and explicitly as possible. The main goal of this school was to show human emotions, especially fear, hatred, love, and anxiety, in which the artist uses strong colors, crooked shapes, and rough lines to induce her intense emotions. Expressionism is not only one of the most important and influential currents in today's societies; Rather, it is a global movement that includes various fields such as literature, philosophy, social and political sciences, architecture, music, painting, and cinema. Since painting and architecture as two identical categories have been continuously present throughout history in sync with each other and influenced by each other, naturally, the influence of these two arts from the expressionism movement can be the goal of this research. In this research, the method of collecting information from the library and field type and the interpretation-historical method will be used which, historical interpretation is a process during which past events are described, analyzed, evaluated, explained, and the researcher bases interpretation on primary [primary] and secondary [scientific] historical sources, and finally, evidence, contexts, perspectives, and reference frames are analyzed. the expressionism movement in the Pahlavi period is investigated, which also asks the question, what is the effect of the art movement of expressionism on the architecture and painting of the Pahlavi period. The answer is: which itself leads to the emergence of the common components of expressionist painting and architecture of that period, and from the commonality of the two, it explains the framework of intellectual developments in that period for the reader; This topic itself can be influential in connecting modernist paintings and contemporary architecture of the Pahlavi period. The theoretical and formal principles of this architectural style are based on the two foundations of the modern era and the place - the land of Iran - these two fundamental pillars are shown parallel to each other in the physical composition of the building. Although modern art is often referred to as works produced in a certain period in Europe and the United States, art historians have tried to find the concept of "new" and "contemporary" art in works from other parts of the world. And it should be noted that "modern art" and "contemporary art" are not synonymous. In the 20th century, Iranian society saw many changes from a political and social point of view, and these changes can be seen among Iranian artists in the form of works that were different from traditional Iranian paintings. Modernization in Iranian society in this period led artists to present results that, although they were linked to Iran's tradition and past, contained new forms and methods experienced by modernist European and American artists. The formation of the pioneers of modern art did not only mean the victory of the supporters of modernism against their opponents, but it was also able to provide positive aspects for Iranian art in the international arena. Although modernism is a fluid concept, the moment of its birth is somewhat clear, but the moment of its decline is unclear. The results of the research show that what is known as expressionist painting in Iran does not seem to be a superficial understanding of the essence of expressionist painting; In Iranian examples, where architectural spaces were created to have social and cultural effects with the help of painting, Imitation can be seen in the first and second generation of modernist Iranian painters Also, architectural space creation in Iranian paintings that expressionist painters include two divisions in terms of architectural space creation, wanted or not. The first group includes painters who depend on form in all painting components, and the second group includes painters who imitated other painters. However, more than half a century has passed since the official beginning of the modern art movement in Iran. A movement that tried to harmonize with world art and went through many hardships and has been continued by contemporary artists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Portraiture; Evidence of Sanctions and their Criticism
abdoolrasool ahmadianLooking at the historical course of the ruling form, we come to the conclusion that this profession has been paid more attention in religious matters such as idolatry than in Islamic jurisprudence. Painting and sculpture  MoreLooking at the historical course of the ruling form, we come to the conclusion that this profession has been paid more attention in religious matters such as idolatry than in Islamic jurisprudence. Painting and sculpture need to be re-read in the present age. Regarding the sculpture and painting of lifeless images, there is no difference between the jurists in the permission to create and maintain them; however, some jurists consider it haram to take pictures and images of living beings, as well as the existing sculpture and statue of living beings.What is important is to discuss the reasons forthis view. After discussing the arguments of those who believe in sanctity, it became clear that there is no explicit verse in the Holy Quran about sanctity, and both the reasons for consensus and the news are incomplete, because in short, the mentioned consensus is evidence-based and unreliable. Citation is either flawed in terms of document or in terms of signification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - هنرهای ظریفه عصر تیموری
دکتر محمد رضا حامدی آذر حیدری هوشیار -
Open Access Article
29 - هنر تصویر گری در ایران و سرزمین های اسلامی از ظهور اسلام تا تیموریان
دکتر رامین یلفانی -
Open Access Article
30 - Analysis of the Confrontation of Post-Revolutionary Wall Painting Discourses in Tehran (1979-2019)
ali mobasherzadegan zahra ghasemi Malihe ShianiWithout exaggeration, the phenomenon of the Islamic Revolution in 1978 has been one of the most important factors affecting the biological field of Iranian society. Mural painting grew and expanded as a boiling point of politics with the public sphere at the time of the MoreWithout exaggeration, the phenomenon of the Islamic Revolution in 1978 has been one of the most important factors affecting the biological field of Iranian society. Mural painting grew and expanded as a boiling point of politics with the public sphere at the time of the revolution. This period is like a turning point in the political history of Iran, the recognition of which can be the key to understanding how contemporary political and social currents are formed. Due to the relevance of the subject and the extraordinary ability of Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse in the analysis of socio-political affairs and phenomena, the researcher has chosen this theory as his theoretical and methodological framework, and the innovation of such research is that by using This theory, by basing the murals in the context of their emergence as texts that are the products of discourse, has sought to answer the question of how the political discourses of the revolution evolved into the stabilizing discourse of war and then according to each The period of rule of various signs has been added or reduced to the central sign of the revolution. In this regard, how the socio-political developments of the revolution and post-revolution in the murals have been the subject of this research. Examining and analyzing the central signs in the forty years of the establishment of the Islamic Republic, it became clear that the discourse of the revolution during the transition to the discourse of war and then the transition to the period of stabilization under the influence of sociology-political factors and shifting power relations with fundamental changes in world representation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - مقایسه شیوههای فرزند پروری والدین و شاخصهای هیجانی
پریسا تجلّی غلامعلی افروز باقر غباری بناب -
Open Access Article
32 - مقایسه اثربخشی تئاتردرمانی، موسیقیدرمانی و نقاشیدرمانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانشآموزان دارای اختلالات یادگیری
elnaz bahman zad Hassan khoshakhlagh Mohammad Zare Neistanak بنی طبا Banitabaهدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی تئاتردرمانی، موسیقیدرمانی و نقاشیدرمانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش آموزان دارای اختلالات یادگیری بود. طرح پژوهشی نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیشآزمون-پسآزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه پژوهش را کلیه دانشآموزان دختر دارای اختلال یادگیری خواندن و نو Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی تئاتردرمانی، موسیقیدرمانی و نقاشیدرمانی بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش آموزان دارای اختلالات یادگیری بود. طرح پژوهشی نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیشآزمون-پسآزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه پژوهش را کلیه دانشآموزان دختر دارای اختلال یادگیری خواندن و نوشتن در دوره دوم ابتدایی منطقه 22 استان تهران در سال تحصیلی 1402- 1401 تشکیل دادند که از بین آنها 60 نفر با روش نمونهگیری در دسترس بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب و به سه گروه 15 نفری آزمایش و یک گروه 15 نفری کنترل تقسیم شدند. ابزار این پژوهش پرسشنامه کارکردهای اجرایی بریف (2000) بود. برای گروه آزمایش تئاتردرمانی، موسیقیدرمانی و نقاشیدرمانی هر کدام به مدت 10 جلسه 90 دقیقهای بهصورت هفتهای یکبار اجرا شد و گروه کنترل در این مدت مداخلهای دریافت نکردند. دادهها با استفاده از روشهای آماری نظیر میانگین، انحراف استاندارد و تحلیل کواریانس تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافتهها نشان داد که روش تئاتردرمانی نسبت به روش های موسیقیدرمانی و نقاشیدرمانی از عملکرد بهتری در بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی برخودار بود و بعد از آن نیز روش موسیقیدرمانی در رتبه دوم و نقاشیدرمانی نیز در رتبه سوم قرار گرفت (01/0P<). نتیجه میشود تئاتردرمانی، موسیقیدرمانی و نقاشیدرمانی موجب بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی دانشآموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری شدهاست. واژههای کلیدی: اختلال یادگیری، تئاتردرمانی، کارکردهای اجرایی، موسیقی درمانی، نقاشی درمانی. واژگان کلیدی: بخشش درمانی، رفتار ایذایی، پرخاشگری. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Intertextual Analysis of Sacred Defense Paintings
nayere mobinipour mohammadali khabari Mohammadreza SharifzadehTo read a text, you need previous and contemporary texts, and no text is independent of its predecessors. Since every work of art is a text, a painting can also be considered a text. Due to the appropriateness of Gerard Genet's intertextual theory with the subject, it h MoreTo read a text, you need previous and contemporary texts, and no text is independent of its predecessors. Since every work of art is a text, a painting can also be considered a text. Due to the appropriateness of Gerard Genet's intertextual theory with the subject, it has been used as a theoretical framework. The painting of the Holy Defense has its own semantic and aesthetic system that is different from each other. Tastes both in the production and in the acceptance of works of art change depending on the social transformation that has taken place in terms of the structural nature of the work under study. This article intends to answer the questions of how the painting of the Holy Defense was able to represent this subject through text and image and convey it to the audience and how to describe it in the form of aesthetics. The method is fundamental in terms of purpose and based on historical, descriptive and analytical methods in terms of nature. Considering the study of sacred defense paintings and semantics and the reproduction of the sacred concept of war by paintings (texts) and how the concept of sacred warfare is reproduced by images and their role in the reproduction and desecration of war is presented as the final result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Discourse Analysys of Holy Defense Painting
nayere mobinipour Mohammadreza Sharifzadeh mohammadali khabariHaving a profound effect on the process of the formation of post-war currents, the painting of war has emerged in a particular discourse context. In this paper, both text and context are studied. Due to the exceptional subject matter and ability of Laclau and Chant MoreHaving a profound effect on the process of the formation of post-war currents, the painting of war has emerged in a particular discourse context. In this paper, both text and context are studied. Due to the exceptional subject matter and ability of Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s theory of discourse in explaining all socio-political phenomena, this theory has been considered as a theoretical framework and the paintings of holy defense and their representations of war and the production of new discourse have been discussed. Since paintings are an important source of representation of the state of war, a number of artists' works during the holy defense were subsequently analyzed by discourse and read text and context through selected samples of war and postwar paintings. The war and post-war paintings constitute this research data, and several samples are selected from. The selection was based on discourse analysis and textual analysis and purposive sampling was used to choose the statistical society. The following research indicates that the concepts of guardianship, martyrdom, martyr, defense, resistance, jihad, etc. in Iranian culture mixed with Islamic culture have been considered sacred in the war and reestablished by discourse. Referring to these concepts and elements, the mythical symbols in the images, reestablishing of the concept “holy”, and the central signification of some of the key artists’ works in these two periods became apparent in this research. The discourse of the revolution painting is encountered with that of war under the influence of socio-political factors and the shift of relations’ power with fundamental changes in the way in which the war is represented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Impact of Political Developments on Contemporary Iranian Painting with Emphasis on the Political Teachings of the Islamic Revolution
shahnaz Alipuri moradi Soheila dizgeliThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary Iranian painting. Art as a part of human life has always undergone changes. The changes that have influenced the external factors in their context and of which these factor MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary Iranian painting. Art as a part of human life has always undergone changes. The changes that have influenced the external factors in their context and of which these factors are influenced, of course, seem to have been most of these external factors that weigh heavily on the artist and the artist and are his means of arousal. This research is an attempt to identify the various influential factors whose origins in politics in the context of contemporary Iranian history and at specific points in time that have created artistic movements. According to the findings of the present study, it can be said that what has been the focus of art throughout the history of this field is the social factors, and these social factors are more influenced by political developments and politicians are the main actors in this scene. . Thus, the Islamic Revolution has influenced the contemporary factors of the above mentioned contemporary painting in Iran. As you can see, this effect is quite evident in the works created. The turning point of the influence of the Islamic Revolution on contemporary paintings is the imposing war that had all the paintings and paintings created with the colors and scents of the goals of the revolution. Then there was a great change in the paintings created in the seventies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A physical experience of the gender difference in the behavior and sensory perceptions of elementary school students about the home environment and family behavior with an emphasis on educational management (a case study of 7-9 year old girls and boy
Seyed Kasra Mirpadyab Moein Adham Kasmaei Mohammadreza Tabadar Mohammadreza Khoshzadeh MarkeThis research seeks to achieve a correct analysis with the observation and experience of the author's body to understand the gender difference in elementary school students' behavior and perception of the concept of home and family in their drawings. In order to see how MoreThis research seeks to achieve a correct analysis with the observation and experience of the author's body to understand the gender difference in elementary school students' behavior and perception of the concept of home and family in their drawings. In order to see how the child understands the existence of himself and his family inside the home. Therefore, like a native among the natives, the author tried to be present among the primary school students and in addition, he examined their behavior. The gender differentiation of their perception while drawing children's drawings has been explored. In this study, the statistical population was 172 children in elementary school, 86 boys and 86 girls. The data has been presented and analyzed with ethnographic narratives in the form of field note-comment anthology units, and then by analyzing the content of the students' paintings, we identified the parameters of their gender perception and the level of accuracy in drawing each gender. We analyzed the parameters. The results are in accordance with the previous studies on the gender difference in perception and show that children have a correct understanding of size, age, proportions and facts, and girls, unlike boys, pay attention to the beauty of appearance, details of clothes, and boys are more realistic in their drawings. They turn and the vehicle is seen in their drawings. The results are in accordance with the previous studies on the gender difference in perception and show that children have a correct understanding of size, age, proportions and facts, and girls, unlike boys, pay attention to the beauty of appearance, details of clothes, and boys are more realistic in their drawings. They turn and the vehicle is seen in their drawings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The study of epic aspects in the dramatic art of illustrated storytelling “Parda Khwani”
Majid FadaeiAbstract Recitation is a kind of epic storytelling using screens on which are displayed illustrated scenes drawn from epic, mythological, and religious stories. Putting together three elements of speech, picture, and performance made this art to be counted as the MoreAbstract Recitation is a kind of epic storytelling using screens on which are displayed illustrated scenes drawn from epic, mythological, and religious stories. Putting together three elements of speech, picture, and performance made this art to be counted as the most influential and dramatic form of epic storytelling in between the traditional Iranian arts. However despite possessing unique characteristics, by comparison to other Persian arts recitation has not been studied thoroughly. This article is an attempt to deal with the recitation origins of this dramatic art of illustrated storytelling and the manner of its performance, and also examine its epic aspects. The results obtained show that its history and origin goes back to the period before Islam in particular to the time that Mani, the Persian painter prophet emerged. After Islam and in particular in Safavid era recitation received ample attention and this art was developed since due to retaining epic aspects, it was assumed as a unifying art. Based on the researches, this epic aspect of this ancient art were drawn from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh narrative and religious epics, being the main source for naqqals’ narratives. The epic present in the narrative conveyed epic aspect to the other two chief components of the recitation that is painting and performance in such a way that one can name recitation the epic art of illustrated recitation. Manuscript profile
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