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Open Access Article
1 - The effect of Culture Elements on Stock Price Crash and Jump Risk
Ghader Dadashzadeh Yunes BadavarnahandiIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: One of the issues related to the behavior of stock price is the sudden changes is that it occurs as a crash or jump in stock price and it faces a huge challenge to investing in stocks. Studies have shown that the emergence of su MoreIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: One of the issues related to the behavior of stock price is the sudden changes is that it occurs as a crash or jump in stock price and it faces a huge challenge to investing in stocks. Studies have shown that the emergence of such events in the market is rooted in the culture of societies and by classifying culture into two types of secrecy and transparency leap to link stock price crash and jump and to cultural values. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural elements on stock price crash and jump risk. Research Method: For this purpose, through the Hofstede Cultural Element Questionnaire (1980), information about the cultural elements was gathered of the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, descriptive-survey. Findings: The results of this research showed non effect Power Distance,Individualism versus Collectivism and Masculinity versus Femininity on stock price crash risk and Uncertainty Avoidanceis negative and significant effect on stock price crash risk. Also, cultural elements non effect on stock price jump risk. Conclusion: Cultural values are considered as an unknown factor among shareholders, managers and other stakeholders in assessing the Stock Price Crash and Jump Risk Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Fluctuations Analysis of Rainfall and Runoff in Aras Border Basin under Climate Change Conditions
Amin Sadeqi Yagob DinpashohIn this study, rainfall and runoff data recorded of selected stations of Aras Boundary Basin were used to analyze rainfall and runoff fluctuations and they are projected for horizons, 2050. The Pettitt test was used to detect the breakpoint in rainfall and runoff time s MoreIn this study, rainfall and runoff data recorded of selected stations of Aras Boundary Basin were used to analyze rainfall and runoff fluctuations and they are projected for horizons, 2050. The Pettitt test was used to detect the breakpoint in rainfall and runoff time series. Trends in rainfall and runoff were also calculated using the original and modified Mann-Kendall test. To project the future, general circulation models (GCMs) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios i.e. RCP4.5 (low emission) and RCP8.5 (high emissions) were used. The Eureqa Formulize tool was used to simulate the rainfall-runoff process. Results showed that most of the abrupt changes have occurred in the second half of the 1990s. 83% of seasonal time series breakpoints were related to runoff. Also, 67% of the abrupt changes have occurred in the winter and spring seasons. The highest increase in annual rainfall (according to RCP4.5 scenario) at Nir station is expected to be 9% and the highest decrease in annual rainfall (according to RCP8.5 scenario) at Khoy station is predicted at 11%. It is also worth mentioning that in the seasonal time scale will have the highest rainfall reduction in summer. The Eureqa Formulize performed very well at all stations with NRMSE of less than 0.5%. The results indicated that the lowest slope of the base period runoff trend line (in seasonal time scale) was -1.3 million m3 in summer at Badalan station. There will be no significant change in the annual flow in the future period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating Changes in the Intensity of Short-Term Rainfall in the Last Half Century in the Context of Data Scarcity (Case Study: Rasht City)
Mehdi Torabi Alireza ShokoohiBackground and Aim: With the increase in the production of greenhouse gases due to the industrialization of the countries of the world, we are witnessing the occurrence of global warming, which has caused climate changes all over the planet in recent years. One of the e MoreBackground and Aim: With the increase in the production of greenhouse gases due to the industrialization of the countries of the world, we are witnessing the occurrence of global warming, which has caused climate changes all over the planet in recent years. One of the effects of this phenomenon is the change in the behavior of weather parameters such as temperature and precipitation. The effects of climate change phenomenon on precipitation have led to changes in the intensity of precipitation and finally changes in intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves of precipitation for different regions of the world and country. Therefore, updating the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves is necessary because of their importance in the design of hydraulic structures used in urban flood management. One of the problems of producing intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves is the lack of access to rainfall data with different continuities. The purpose of this research is to use the fractal method to obtain precipitation with different continuities and then evaluate the effect of climate change on the intensity of precipitation in Rasht City. .Method: In this research, the accuracy of the fractal method for generating intensity-duration-frequency curves is first evaluated. Then intensity-duration-abundance curves are produced by using fractal theory and by determining the effect of climate change on rainfall intensity by TREND software, two periods before and after climate change are evaluated and compared.Results: In this research, the validation of the Fractal method shows that the IDF curve production for Rasht city using the Fractal method compared to the IDF curve production using observational data has about a three percent difference. Therefore, this method was used to generate IDF curves for the years when rainfall data with less than three hours of duration was not available. The evaluation of IDF curves with TREND software on the rainfall intensity for different durations demonstrates that the rainfall intensity jump occurred in 2003 towards becoming more intense due to the effect of climate change. For example, for 10 minutes with a return period of 100 years before the effect of climate change, the intensity of rainfall is 158 (mm/h) and after the effect of climate change, the intensity of rainfall is 225 (mm/h). Also, the results showed that the period of short returns has changed more than the period of large returns, that is, the 2-year return period has increased by about 70% and the 100-year return period has increased by about 40%.Conclusion: In this research, by evaluating the fractal method, it was determined that if there is no access to rainfall data with different durations, the fractal method is a suitable method for generating different rainfall durations and generating IDF curves with acceptable accuracy. be Also, the results showed that the jump of intensity-duration-frequency curves occurred under the effect of climate change in 2003, and in the period of climate change, compared to the period before climate change, the intensity of rainfall moved towards more intense rainfall, and this event occurred in the period Short-term returns show a greater increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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مژگان امتیازجو فاطمه دهوکی محمد ربانی -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of size and intensity of price jumps on forecasting index volatility in Tehran Stock Exchange
mohsen rajab boloukat ali baghani Ali Najafi Moghadam fatemeh sarraf norouz noorolahzadehIt is very important to distinguish how the volatility in the return of assets occur. For this reason, in recent years, realized volatility and frequencies of daily volatility recognition studies have been developed. This study uses stock prices of 30 big companies of T MoreIt is very important to distinguish how the volatility in the return of assets occur. For this reason, in recent years, realized volatility and frequencies of daily volatility recognition studies have been developed. This study uses stock prices of 30 big companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 (2011) to 1394 (2016) and calculates the realized stock volatility during trading days using the HAR-CJ model to examine the effect of size and intensity of price jumps in predicting index volatility. The results showed that the development of HAR-CJ and HAR-RV-CJ models using the size and intensity of jump did not have a significant effect on improving the index volatility prediction but, to a small extent, the model prediction performance Adjusts for index volatility. Also, using intraday jumps instead of daily jumps, does not improve the performance of the prediction model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - عملگرهای بعضی از گرافها برای شاخصهای زاگرب جهشی
نسرین دهگردی رعنا خوئیلر مرضیه سرودیشاخص اول زاگرب جهشی (مولکولار) گراف برابر مجموع مربعات دومین درجه راسها، شاخص دوم زاگرب جهشی، مجموع حاصلضرب زوج راسهای مجاور دومین درجهها و شاخص سوم زاگرب جهشی، مجموع حاصلضرب درجه و دومین درجهها میباشند. در این مقاله، ما به بررسی عملگرهای برخی گر Moreشاخص اول زاگرب جهشی (مولکولار) گراف برابر مجموع مربعات دومین درجه راسها، شاخص دوم زاگرب جهشی، مجموع حاصلضرب زوج راسهای مجاور دومین درجهها و شاخص سوم زاگرب جهشی، مجموع حاصلضرب درجه و دومین درجهها میباشند. در این مقاله، ما به بررسی عملگرهای برخی گرافها برای اولین، دومین و سومین شاخصهای زاگرب جهشی میپردازیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Mutation, cloning and sequencing of Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthrasis
محمد ابوطالب Hatef AjoudanifarBackground: Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis (PA) is a protein that binds to receptors on OF human body cells. There is special Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on cancer cells and PA can not bind to them. The aim of this study is modify the receptor of MoreBackground: Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis (PA) is a protein that binds to receptors on OF human body cells. There is special Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on cancer cells and PA can not bind to them. The aim of this study is modify the receptor of PA with site directed mutagenesis that the protein can only be bind to the cancer cells. Material and methods: In this study, pMNA1 plasmid that contained PA gene was extracted and site directed mutagenesis done with SOE PCR on PA gene. Mutant gene cloned on pTZ57R vector directly and transformed into E. coli DH5α with CaCl2 method. Finally exiting of the gene and mutation on PA evaluated with PCR , digestion and sequencing.Results: PA gene separated with PCR and mutated with SOE PCR. Mutated PCR product cloned on pTZ57R vector and earned 5.1 kb plasmid. Recombinant plasmid evaluated with digestion and PCR. Mutation confirmed with sequencing. Conclsion: Cancer has a deadly disease. One of the methods for treaeting cancer using bacterial toxins. Therefore Using a modified PA protein that binds to the cancer cells can create new hope for cancer treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Molecular study of CALR gene mutations in children with leukemia hospitalized in Kerman hospitals
Farzaneh Parnak Babak KheirkhahBackground: CALR mutation has recently been identified in myeloproliferative neoplasms, but little is known about the occurrence of this mutation in Iran. This study was performed to molecular study of CALR gene mutations in children with leukemia hospitalized in Kerman MoreBackground: CALR mutation has recently been identified in myeloproliferative neoplasms, but little is known about the occurrence of this mutation in Iran. This study was performed to molecular study of CALR gene mutations in children with leukemia hospitalized in Kerman hospitals. Material and Methods:The present study was an experimental study. In this study, the mutation of calerticulin was evaluated by simple random sampling in 50 children or in the treatment of myeloproliferative malignancies. To determine the mutation, genomic DNA was first extracted from peripheral blood buffer and mutation was determined by polymerase chain reaction with specific allele. The samples were then sequenced. The results were correlated with demographic factors using SPSS software. Results: 1.2% of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms had CALR mutation. The rate of CALR gene mutation in the study group is comparable with previous reported results. Conclusion: Therefore, according to WHO criteria, polymerase chain reaction with specific allele can be used to identify this mutation in Iranian patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Determination of thermal distribution in compact substations
meisam baharvandTransformers are one of the most important components of compact substations, and the study of their magnetic and thermal behavior inside compact substations is very important. Determining the thermal distribution inside transformers is often difficult due to the geomet MoreTransformers are one of the most important components of compact substations, and the study of their magnetic and thermal behavior inside compact substations is very important. Determining the thermal distribution inside transformers is often difficult due to the geometric complexity of the transformer structure, the dependence of the properties of the materials used on the temperature, and the nonlinearity of their magnetic behavior. In the meantime, the use of numerical methods such as finite elements is an efficient method to determine the thermal distribution inside the transformer and also to determine the maximum temperature of the transformer windings. In this dissertation, using magnetic and two-dimensional thermal analysis of finite elements by Ansys software, the thermal distribution of transformer windings in normal outdoor operation conditions and also in conditions where the transformer is located inside the compact post is determined and according to The temperature difference of the maximum temperature of the coils in the two conditions determines the thermal class of the compact substation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Presenting a model for Multi-layer Dynamic Social Networks to discover Influential Groups based on a combination of Developing Frog-Leaping Algorithm and C-means Clustering
lida naderloo Mohammad Tahghighi SharabyanIntroduction: The current research examines a more complex social network called a multi-layered social network. Recently, the concept of the multilayer network has emerged from the area of complex networks, under the domain of complex systems. In the field of big data, MoreIntroduction: The current research examines a more complex social network called a multi-layered social network. Recently, the concept of the multilayer network has emerged from the area of complex networks, under the domain of complex systems. In the field of big data, simple and multi-layered social networks can be found everywhere and in all fields. The estimation of the importance of each node in these two types of networks is not the same, and weighting the nodes is very necessary to control the network. For this purpose, the relationship between the characteristics of the nodes and the relationship with the network structure should be examined. To find the degree of each node in the system function, parameters like reliability, controllability, and power should be considered. In this paper, a model for dynamic multi-layer social networks to discover influential groups, based on the combination of evolutionary frog jump algorithm and C-means clustering, has been presented.Method: Once data are collected, they were cleaned and normalized so that the desired data leads to the identification of effective individuals and groups. The decision matrix is constructed based on these data. Using this matrix, identification, and clustering (based on fuzzy clustering) were conducted, and the importance of the groups was also determined to determine influential people and groups in social networks. The Jumping frog algorithm was used to improve the detection of influential parameters.Results: In the evaluation and simulation of the clustering part, the proposed method was compared with the K-means method and the balance value of the method in cluster selection was 5. It should be noted that the proposed method showed better improvement compared to the compared methods. Also, the evaluation of the accuracy criterion of the proposed method has improved by 3.3 compared to similar methods and recorded an improvement of 3.3 compared to the basic M-ALCD method.Discussion: In this paper, a multi-layer local community detection model is proposed, which is based on structure and feature information. This model can use the information of the characteristics of the nodes and the information of the strength of similarity that is revealed by social exchanges and improves the accuracy of community detection in Improve multilayer networks. Due to its modularity and computational efficiency, this algorithm performs better on most data sets, unlike the classic multi-layer and global community detection algorithms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating Corona virus nucleocapsid protein (N) mutations in the domain effective in immunogenicity and its effect on serological diagnostic tests in samples isolated from infected patients in Zanjan
Samaneh Karimkhaniloui Saeed Ghorbian Sanaz Mahmazi Changiz Ahmadizadeh Keyvan NedaeeBackground &Aim: Wellness requires the proper functioning of the immune system in all of the body systems. The immune system active by the cooperation of several immune sections. The immune cells and substances can identify and destroy foreign viral and microbial agents MoreBackground &Aim: Wellness requires the proper functioning of the immune system in all of the body systems. The immune system active by the cooperation of several immune sections. The immune cells and substances can identify and destroy foreign viral and microbial agents that worn out cells and cancer cells in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-speed sports activity on the anti-inflammatory factors lysozyme, LL-37 and HDB-2 in the saliva of obese adolescent boys. Materials &Methods: 32 male students voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) obese aerobic exercise, 2) normal weight aerobic exercise, 3) obese control without exercise, and 4) normal weight control without exercise. Anthropometric indices of height, weight and body mass index were measured. Before and after eight weeks of practice, Shatell-Run standard test was performed. Salivary samples of lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactate and C-reactive protein concentrations were taken after eight weeks of training with a frequency of three sessions per week with an intensity of 30 to 90% of maximum aerobic power. Using analysis of covariance, variables with a significance level of less than (p≥0.05) were included in the analysis. Results: The results showed that the salivary levels of lysozyme (p=0.001), LL-37 (p=0.002), and HDB2 (p=0.001) increased significantly, and the amount of increase in obese students was higher than in people with normal weight. Conclusion: The increased response of some salivary anti-inflammatory proteins following eight weeks of high-speed exercise training after increased activity may be due to the short-term responses of the immune system against the pressures caused by intense activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Identification of Fusarium root rot from Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) in Dezful region and determination of genetic diversity of dominant species based on RAPD analysis and VCG groups
Vida Mahinpoo Reza Farokhi Nejad Hamid Rajabi Memari Zaynab BahmaniIn this study, Fusarium root rot from Tubers in Dezful (Khuzestan, Iran) were identified and genetic diversity of domnnat species was determined. Root Associated fungi were isolated using common isolation technique in laboratory. Collectively 143 isolates of fungi inclu MoreIn this study, Fusarium root rot from Tubers in Dezful (Khuzestan, Iran) were identified and genetic diversity of domnnat species was determined. Root Associated fungi were isolated using common isolation technique in laboratory. Collectively 143 isolates of fungi including 110, 27, and 6 at 4 species of Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F.equiseti were recovered and identified respectively. Genetic diversity of the population of F.oxysporum was determined using VCG and RAPD techniques. For VCG method, 45 isolates of fungus were selected randomly. Then nit mutant were generated on MMC and Czapeck media each containing 3% KClO3. Phenotypic classes of nit mutants were determined according of the growth types on basal medium containing one of four nitrogen sources (Nitrate, Nitrate, Hypoxanthine, and Ammonium). From recovered nits, 301, 171, and 45 were nit 1, nit 3 and nit M respectively. Complementation test was conducted among different nit mutant of different isolates in all combinations. Results revealed that all isolates were placed into 4 VCG groups, the largest one containing 28 and the rest containing 10, 3 and 4 isolates respectively. In addition, genetic diversity of theses isolates was studied using thirteen primers. Cluster analysis of RAPD data was done using UPGMA, Single and Complete methods. The best results obtained by UPGMA and dice coefficient, which distinguished six main groups at 61% similarity level. In this grouping, group I, III and VI had 2 members each, group II had 12 members. Ten of that belonging to VCG a and groups IV and V had one member each. No close relation was observed between VCG and RAPD method results. Pathogenicity test that was conducted using selected isolates of different VCGs revealed that all were pathogenic to plant. This research is first report of genetic diversity of F. oxysporum on Tuberose in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Minimizing Non-decreasing Objective Functions for the Open Shop Scheduling Problem Using Genetic Algorithm
Ghorbanali Mohammadi Taher Daali MatoorianPlanning is currently considered as an important element for the whole personal, societal and organizational affairs, whereby every activity would be performed effectively. Scheduling is of high significance in operations research. Recently, scholars have drawn much att MorePlanning is currently considered as an important element for the whole personal, societal and organizational affairs, whereby every activity would be performed effectively. Scheduling is of high significance in operations research. Recently, scholars have drawn much attention to the application of mathematical modeling as an optimization approach in solving the complex scheduling problems. However, only a few have addressed the open-shop scheduling problem. This study was intended to investigate the effectiveness of meta-heuristic genetic algorithm in order to minimize non-decreasing separable objective functions for such problem. In this genetic algorithm, displacement mutation and partially matched crossover were adopted as two operators. Moreover, the obtained solutions were compared based on how to select the best chromosome by using methods of tournament selection, rank selection, and roulette wheel selection. The data were collected through literature review. It was exhibited that meta-heuristic genetic algorithm can rapidly find the optimal solution. Furthermore, rank selection resulted in more optimal solutions instead of the other two. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Using Lucas Experimental Method to Investigate the Relationship between Exchange Rate Overshooting and Business Cycles in Iran
Farzad Moayeri Mohsen Zayandeh Rood Seed Abdolmajid Jalaei Esfandabadi Hossien Mehrabi BasharabadiExchange rate shocks due to increased risk and uncertainty of production are concerned as a leader variable in creating economic instability in the country. The proof of this can help to adopt economic policies. During 1989 -2013, this has repeatedly been met with Excha MoreExchange rate shocks due to increased risk and uncertainty of production are concerned as a leader variable in creating economic instability in the country. The proof of this can help to adopt economic policies. During 1989 -2013, this has repeatedly been met with Exchange rate overshooting. This article attempts to answer this question that the exchange rate overshooting plays a key role as a leading variable in business cycles in Iran economy. In this regard, using Hodrick-Prescott filtering method, trends, and exchange rate shocks and economic cycles in 1989 -2013 calculated. Then, four complete cycles of currency (peak-peak) were identified. Next, applying Lucas experimental method, the relationship between Log of GDP shock and the exchange rate cycles was investigated at the time of each four cycles. The results showed that exchange rate shocks played as a leading variable in all periods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Identification of Lampyris turkestanicus luciferase Stabilizing Mutations Using Bioinformatics Software and Web Servers and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Alireza Khondabi hassan sahebjamee Fahimeh Baghbani-AraniThe conversion of chemical energy to light by a living organism, bioluminescence, is an alluring process that catalyzes by enzymes generically called luciferases. This enzyme has wide applications as a reporter gene in in vivo imaging. In spite of wide range of lucifera MoreThe conversion of chemical energy to light by a living organism, bioluminescence, is an alluring process that catalyzes by enzymes generically called luciferases. This enzyme has wide applications as a reporter gene in in vivo imaging. In spite of wide range of luciferase applications, some inherent properties limit further application and development of this technology, including the low stability of the enzyme, a low turnover number, and a high Km for the substrate ATP.Due to the low stability of luciferase enzyme, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of single amino acid mutations on the stability of luciferase enzyme of Iranian species Lamphyris Turkestanius using bioinformatics web servers and molecular dynamics simulation.For this purpose, to determine the stability, the mutations were tested using I-Mutant-2, Pop-music, Cupsat, istable, MUpro and Protparam and foldx web servers under Yasara software. Web servers and foldx predicted that two mutations, Q35L and H9M, would stabilize the structure. The web server Polyphen-2 predicted that these two mutations would not have a damaging effect on enzyme function. To further confirm these two mutations, molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The results of RMSD and RMSF and the radius of gyrus and hydrophobicity also showed that these mutations may cause increase the stability of this enzyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating Resistance of Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) Populations to Tribenuron-Methyl Herbicide
‎ Mehdi Afshari Ali Ghanbari Mehdi Rastgoo Javid Gherekhloo Goodarz AhmadvandTribenuron-methyl is commonly used for post emergence control of broad leaf weeds in wheat fields. In order to survey suspicious resistant weeds in wheat fields to this herbicide thirty-eight fields of Kermanshah province were investigated during 2012- 2013. Seeds of su MoreTribenuron-methyl is commonly used for post emergence control of broad leaf weeds in wheat fields. In order to survey suspicious resistant weeds in wheat fields to this herbicide thirty-eight fields of Kermanshah province were investigated during 2012- 2013. Seeds of suspected resistance of wild mustard were gathered and tested in a randomized complete blocks design experiment with three replications. First, for early detection of herbicide resistance, the suspected population was screened using discriminating dose of tribenuron-methyl. Determining of the resistance degree was conducted by whole plant bioassay tests using dose-response curves. The resistance mechanisms were assayed by molecular methods, especially using the ALS gene cloning by PJET1.2/blunt Vector. For susceptible populations, the concentration required for complete control was 10.4 g ai ha-1 tribenuron-methyl. Also, in screening tests 50% of populations as resistant populations were identified. According to the Beckie and Tardif, it was found that 57.8% of these population did have a very high degree of resistance, 31.5% with high resistance and 10/5% with low resistance degree. GR50 of the resistant weeds was also increased as compared to sensitive weed, which indicates resistance in this province, Thus to control the resistant populations Z15, this amount increased to 1309 g ai ha-1.The results of DNA sequencing showed that mutation by replacing proline amino acid at position Ala122 causes resistance based on target-site mutation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Priority of the leap of production in the sources of Imami jurisprudence
Ebrahim Mahmoodzadeh rahim vakilzade Reza RanjbarIn Islam economy, achieving a leap in production in all fields requires effective methods and strategies, which will not be possible without practical adherence to the principles of the Qur'an, tradition and the observance of priorities in production; Therefore, any ste MoreIn Islam economy, achieving a leap in production in all fields requires effective methods and strategies, which will not be possible without practical adherence to the principles of the Qur'an, tradition and the observance of priorities in production; Therefore, any step to improve the economic situation and the emergence of change and overtaking in it, compared to the past can be considered as steps towards excellence in production and improving the productivity of various sectors of society, public welfare and upgrading the system and the country. The purpose of this study is to extract the basics of production leap based on verses and hadiths and explain the criteria and use them to encourage producers to adhere to these principles and their practical application by economic planners, due to cultural support in society and their wide acceptance; Which can be a good guarantee for better success of programs. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical based on collecting information from sources, valid documents, written opinions of jurists and thinkers. Research findings indicate that in the Holy Quran and hadiths, in addition to expressing the importance and emphasis on the basics and prioritization of productive activities, practical ways to accelerate the use of production factors and natural gifts, agriculture, industry and trade for Achieving the economic progress of individuals and communities, presented; And by encouraging observance of the findings, a leap in production in the economy can be achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effect of exchange rate volatility on outward migration: A Synthetic Control Group approach
Tamina Asghari Saeed Eisazadeh Ali Akbar GholizadehThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exchange rate jump on the outflow of migration using the Synthetic Control Group approach during the period of 1980-2015 in Iran. For this purpose, based on this approach, the countries with real exchange rate MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exchange rate jump on the outflow of migration using the Synthetic Control Group approach during the period of 1980-2015 in Iran. For this purpose, based on this approach, the countries with real exchange rate stability were selected and among them, the weighted composition of the countries that had the most similarity in the situation before the real exchange rate jump of Iran was estimated. Therefore, two groups were formed, including the group of selected countries named artificial Iran and the other, real Iran. Finally, the results of the estimates of these two groups were compared and analyzed. The results indicate a 15% difference in the immigration process of artificial Iran and real Iran. The analysis of the results showed that the impact of the jump in the real exchange rate on the migration flow in Iran was positive. Based on the results, it is suggested that policymakers pay attention to the destructive effect of real exchange rate jumps on the flow of migration from the country and adopt appropriate economic policies to stabilize the real exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Optimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm Method
Hasan Barati Esmaeil Fathi Mohammad NasirOptimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm MethodIn this paper, the thermal unit commitment is solved by using combined fuzzy logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, in which the minimum and maximum MoreOptimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm MethodIn this paper, the thermal unit commitment is solved by using combined fuzzy logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, in which the minimum and maximum generation constraints, minimum up/down-time constraints, starting time, spinning reserve,and so on are considered. Fuzzy logic is used to reduce the production time of the ON/OFF cycle durations of each unit in the feasible solutions. Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm is used to optimize the results. Using the proposed method reduces the computation time and also the generation cost. The simulation has been done in the MATLAB software environment, and as its results compared with some other intelligent algorithms including Lagrange Relaxation (LR), Integer-Coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Bacterial Foraging (BF) for improvements in generation cost and problem solving time is shown. This method has the ability to develop solving unit commitment in different dimensions with considering constraints and limits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Apply a Mutation in Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm to Solve the Economic-Environmental Dispatch Problem of Integrated Power Plants Including Thermal and Wind
Mahdi Afroozeh Hamidreza Abdalmohammadi Mohammad-Esmaeil NazariIn this paper, a dynamic mutant version of the gray wolf optimization algorithm (MGWO) is proposed to solve the economic-environmental dispatch (E-ED) problem of a standard 40-unit power system with two wind farms. Thus, a comprehensive objective function of operating c MoreIn this paper, a dynamic mutant version of the gray wolf optimization algorithm (MGWO) is proposed to solve the economic-environmental dispatch (E-ED) problem of a standard 40-unit power system with two wind farms. Thus, a comprehensive objective function of operating costs is presented, which is a combination of wind energy costs, over-estimated penalty costs, under-estimated penalty costs, thermal unit costs and emission costs. Due to the random nature of wind speed, the power generated by wind turbines is unpredictable. Therefore, the Weibull probability distribution function has been used to model the wind farm power in this paper. The cost of operating a wind farm is considered probabilistic so that low-probability wind scenarios have less effect on the total operation cost. The simulations are performed in the form of three section and the optimization results are compared with several meta-heuristic algorithm results for validation. The results of the optimizations in all three scenarios and its comparison with other algorithms confirm the better performance and higher accuracy of the proposed MGWO algorithm than the original version of the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) as well as other algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - بررسی تاثیر نوع سوبسترا و سویه قارچی تریکودرما ریزیی بر تولید سلولاز و اعمال جهش با هدف بهبود تولید آنزیم در سامانه تخمیر حالت جامد
نازنین داراب زاده زهره حمیدی اصفهانی پریسا حجازی -
Open Access Article
22 - مروری بر کاربرد اسانس های گیاهی در فیلم های بسته بندی مواد غذایی
الهه امانی امیرپویا قندهاری یزدی لیلا صداقت بروجنیمقدمه و هدف: بسته بندی فعال یکی از نوآوری­های صنعت بسته بندی مواد غذایی بوده که پاسخی برای نیاز­های متغیر مصرف کنندگان و بازار می­باشد. در این تکنیک از موادی مانند جاذب اکسیژن، رطوبت، دی کسید کربن، اتیلن و ترکیبات طعم دهنده و ترکی Moreمقدمه و هدف: بسته بندی فعال یکی از نوآوری­های صنعت بسته بندی مواد غذایی بوده که پاسخی برای نیاز­های متغیر مصرف کنندگان و بازار می­باشد. در این تکنیک از موادی مانند جاذب اکسیژن، رطوبت، دی کسید کربن، اتیلن و ترکیبات طعم دهنده و ترکیبات آزاد کننده دی اکسید کربن، آنتی میکروبی، آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات معطر استفاده می شود. در دهه اخیر توجه زیادی به کاربرد ترکیبات ضد میکروبی برای بسته بندی مواد غذایی و سطوح در تماس با مواد غذایی شده است، اسانس­های گیاهی یکی از ترکیبات موثر دراین زمینه می­باشند. در این مقاله به بررسی انواع اسانس­های گیاهی، اجزاء اصلی، خصوصیات ضد میکروبی، اثر جهش زایی و ضد جهش این ترکیبات، کاربردشان در بسته بندی مواد غذایی و تاثیر آن­ها بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی ماده بسته بندی و ماده غذایی بسته بندی پرداخته شده است. نتایج و بحث: اسانس­ها و ترکیبات آن ها مانند لینالول، تیمول، سینامالدئید، وانیلین، کارواکرول و بسیاری از ترکیبات دیگر برای استفاده در صنعت غذا و افزایش عمر نگهداری مواد فساد پذیر به دلیل خواصی مانند فعالیت ضد میکروبی، ضد قارچی و آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبول می­باشند. در حال حاضر تحقیقات زیادی نشان داده اند که اکثر این ترکیبات برای سلامت انسان مضر نمی باشند، مقبولیت قابل توجهی در صنعت و بین مصرف کنندگان پیدا کرده­اند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: بسته بندی ضد میکروبی یک نوع بسته بندی فعال است که بر زمان نگهداری، سلامت و ایمنی غذا موثر می­باشد. مواد مختلفی از جمله اسانس­های گیاهی در این نوع بسته بندی قابل استفاده هستند که باعث افزایش عمر نگهداری و کیفیت محصول می­شوند، با این­حال ایمنی این ترکیبات قبل از استفاده در صنعت باید مشخص شده باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - شناسایی یک جهش خاموش جدید در موقعیت جفت باز 348 در یک ژن CD18 در گاوهای هلشتاین نرمال و هتروزیگوت برای سندروم نقص چسبندگی گلبولهای سفید خون گاوی (BLAD)
R.K. Patel R. Kotikalapudi P.S.S. Sunkaraدر هندوستان، هلشتاین­ها و آمیخته­هایشان به ­طور وسیعی در برنامه­های اصلاحی به­ کار گرفته شده و همه این گاوهای نر اصلاحی برای ژن­های اتوزومی مغلوب غربالگری می­شوند. نمونه­های خون در لوله­های حاوی EDTA جمع­آوری شده و DNA با کمک روش Moreدر هندوستان، هلشتاین­ها و آمیخته­هایشان به ­طور وسیعی در برنامه­های اصلاحی به­ کار گرفته شده و همه این گاوهای نر اصلاحی برای ژن­های اتوزومی مغلوب غربالگری می­شوند. نمونه­های خون در لوله­های حاوی EDTA جمع­آوری شده و DNA با کمک روش فنل-کلروفرم استخراج شد. با کمک آغازگرهای اختصاصی BLAD و آنزیم محدودگر TaqI و با کمک روش PCR-RFLP نسبت به شناسایی سندروم نقص چسبندگی گلبول­های سفید خون گاوی (BLAD) اقدام گردید. یک گاو نر که برای آلل BLAD هتروزیگوت بود، شناسایی شد. محصول PCR برای شناسایی جهش در موقعیت جفت باز 383 (A/G) با کمک کیت 3/1ABI big dye Ver و با استفاده از دستگاه توالییاب خودکار، توالی­یابی گردید. آنالیز مقایسه­ای توالی با استفاده از نرم­افزار Codon Code Aligner 4.0.4 انجام شد. توالی حیوان حامل در موقعیت جفت باز 383 چندشکلی نشان داد. همچنین این توالی با توالی هلشتاین نرمال به عنوان یک نمونه شاهد و توالی در دسترس از NCBI (شماره دسترسی:NC-007299) مقایسه گردید. مقایسه توالی­ها نشان داد که یک چندشکلی هتروزیگوت در موقعیت جفت باز 383 (T>C) در حیوان حامل دیده می­شود. در حالیکه نمونه کنترل هلشتاین که مبتلا به BLAD نیست، هموزیگوت میباشد. در موقعیت جفت باز 348 نیز یک چندشکلی جدید دیده شد که خاموش بوده و منجر به تغییر اسید آمینه (آسپارژین، AAT>AAC) در داخل اگزون 4 ژن CD18 نمی­گردد. توالی جزیی چندشکلی جدید / جهش خاموش نیز در NCBI پذیرفته شده است (شماره دسترسیKF840683:). برای پی بردن به کاربرد احتمالی جهش نقطه­ای خاموش CD18 در موقعیت جفت باز 348 به عنوان یک نشانگر مولکولی بالقوه برای صفات تولید شیر، بایستی مطالعات بیشتری صورت گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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24 - نمایی از چندشکلی های تک نوکلئوتیدی در ژن های باروری در میان نژادهای گوسفند ایران با بکارگیری روش PCR-RFLP
پ. پتکی س.ض. میرحسینی ف. افراز س.م.ف. وحیدینرخ تخمک­ گذاری و میزان بره ­زایی، از ویژگی­های باروری بوده که ارزش اقتصادی فراوانی در گوسفندان داشته و به افزایش تولید گوشت، پشم و شیر می­ انجامد. از این رو کاوش بر روی ژن­ های کاندید و کارساز بر این ویژگی­ ها جایگاه ارزنده­ای دارد. سه ژن&sh Moreنرخ تخمک­ گذاری و میزان بره ­زایی، از ویژگی­های باروری بوده که ارزش اقتصادی فراوانی در گوسفندان داشته و به افزایش تولید گوشت، پشم و شیر می­ انجامد. از این رو کاوش بر روی ژن­ های کاندید و کارساز بر این ویژگی­ ها جایگاه ارزنده­ای دارد. سه ژن­ GDF9، BMP15 و BMPR1B از مهم­ترین این ژن­ ها هستند که دارای چندین جهش تک­نوکلئوتیدی (SNPs) مرتبط با باروری بالا در گوسفندان می ­باشند. در این پژوهش، به برآورد فراوانی ژنی و ژنوتیپی هفت جهش تک نوکلئوتیدی؛ جهش­ های G1، G4، G7 و G8 در ژن GDF9، جهش های B2 و B4 در ژن BMP15 و جهش FecB در ژن BMPR1B در میان 532 گوسفند از 11 نژاد گوسفندان بومی ایران به روش PCR-RFLP پرداخته شد. به ازای هر یک از مناطق جهشی، واکنش­ های زنجیره­ای پلی­مراز و نیز گوارش آنزیمی با آنزیم­ های برشی ویژه انجام شد. دستاوردها نشان داد که جهش G1 در ژن GDF9 در میان 10 نژاد بجز نژاد زندی، جهش G4 در همین ژن در میان هر 11 نژاد و جهش FecB در ژن BMPR1B تنها در میان دو نژاد کلکویی و زندی وجود دارد. جهش ­های G7 و G8 در ژن GDF9 و جهش­ های B2 و B4 در ژن BMP15 در هیچ یک از این 11 نژاد دیده نشدند و همگی گوسفندان برای این چهار جایگاه، هموزیگوت غالب بودند. Manuscript profile -
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25 - احتمال وقوع جهش برای رنگ پوششی نقرهای در اسبهای سیاه جنگلی باکتی سالمونلای روده جوجههای گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلایی
اس. ممکه آر. اسچریمپف سی. دایرکس او. دیستلاسبهای سیاه جنگلی به صورت تیپیک دارای رنگ بدن خرمایی با یال و دم به رنگ کتان هستند. به هر حال و با وجود رنگ بدن خیلی تیره، این اسبها در بعضی از اوقات به رنگ نقرهای دیده میشوند. به منظور بررسی این که آیا رنگ نقرهای در جمعیت اسبهای جنگلی وجود دارد یا نه، 250 رأس اسب Moreاسبهای سیاه جنگلی به صورت تیپیک دارای رنگ بدن خرمایی با یال و دم به رنگ کتان هستند. به هر حال و با وجود رنگ بدن خیلی تیره، این اسبها در بعضی از اوقات به رنگ نقرهای دیده میشوند. به منظور بررسی این که آیا رنگ نقرهای در جمعیت اسبهای جنگلی وجود دارد یا نه، 250 رأس اسب این نژاد برای جهشهای رنگ پوشش که از قبل در MCIP وSILV گزارش شده بودند تعیین ژنوتیپ شدند. نتیجه اینکه، تمامی اسبهای جنگلی سیاه این مطالعه از نظر ژنوتیپ MCIP خرمایی رنگ بودند. جالب اینکه، در اسبهای سیاه جنگلی جهش رنگ نقرهای SILV-1852C با یک احتمال وقوع 8/0 درصد اتفاق افتاد. از آنجاییکه رنگ غالب در این نژاد رنگ پوششی خرمایی است، انتظار بر این است تا جهش رنگ نقرهای در اسبهای سیاه جنگلی خیلی کم (و یا هیچ) ظهور فنوتیپی داشته باشد و بروز این رنگ احتمالا به دلیل تلاقی با سایر نژادها باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - القاء جهش در گل داوودی شاخه بریده با استفاده از روش پرتوتابی گاما
محمدرضا شفیعی عبدالله حاتم زاده پژمان آزادی حبیب الله سمیع زادهداوودی یکی از انواع گیاهان زینتی است که به صورت بسیار گستردهای در سطح جهان کشت میشود. این گل به لحاظ تنوع بالای رنگ و شکل دومین گل شاخه بریده و گلدانی در دنیا به شمار میآید. ایجاد موتاسیون روشی مهم برای تولید ارقام جدید است و ارقام بسیاری از طریق جهشهای خودبهخودی Moreداوودی یکی از انواع گیاهان زینتی است که به صورت بسیار گستردهای در سطح جهان کشت میشود. این گل به لحاظ تنوع بالای رنگ و شکل دومین گل شاخه بریده و گلدانی در دنیا به شمار میآید. ایجاد موتاسیون روشی مهم برای تولید ارقام جدید است و ارقام بسیاری از طریق جهشهای خودبهخودی و القاء شده تولید شده است. در این پژوهش ریزنمونهی قطعات برگی از سه رقم مهم داوودی با دوزهای مختلف اشعهی گاما مورد پرتوتابی قرار گرفتند. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. بررسی نتایج نشان داد که دوز مناسب پرتو گاما، برای ایجاد جهش در ارقام مورد استفاده در این آزمایش 25 گری است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که دوز 25 گری در رقم بنفش بیشترین تغییر رنگ گلبرگها با نرخ جهش 54/26 درصد را ایجاد کرد. در این بین بیشترین تعداد رنگ جدید متعلق به گروه بنفش کمرنگ بود. همچنین در رقم صورتی خالدار نیز بیشترین تعداد گلهای تغییر رنگ یافته با مقدار تغییر 11/32 درصد در تیمار 25 گری مشاهد شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده در این پژوهش چهار رقم جدید برای ارائه به صنعت گل ایران به عنوان رقم جدید معرفی خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Study of LncRNA RMRP expression profile and RMRP gene promoter region mutations in breast cancer patients
Majid Sadeghizadeh ملیحه انتظاری Zohreh AkbariBackground: Gene expression ‎regulators and mutations are a kind of biomarker and new ‎therapeutic target for human diseases like cancer. LncRNAs are involved in Several regulatory processes. RNA components of ‎mitochondrial RNA processing ‎endoribonucle MoreBackground: Gene expression ‎regulators and mutations are a kind of biomarker and new ‎therapeutic target for human diseases like cancer. LncRNAs are involved in Several regulatory processes. RNA components of ‎mitochondrial RNA processing ‎endoribonuclease is a lncRNA that its ‎regulatory position has been identified ‎in some cancers. Regarding the importance of the RMRP gene, we are investigating changes in the expression of this gene that are caused by promoter region mutations in breast cancer patients.Methods: In this study, LncRNA RMRP gene expression was evaluated on 25 tumor samples and 25 control samples by semi-quantitative RT PCR technique, and confirmed by Real time PCR technique for a number of samples. Also, to detect the mutation in the promoter region of the LncRNA RMRP gene, DNA extraction and sequencing were performed.Results: The expression of the RMRP gene in tumor samples showed a significant increase relative to control samples. Expression of RMRP gene was shown a significant decrease in positive HER2 samples compared to negative HER2 specimens and a significant increase in positive metastatic tumor samples compared to negative metastatic samples . Also, sequencing of the promoter region revealed differences in the region's sequence in tumor and normal samples.Based on sequencing results, there was no mutation in the RMRP promoter sequence of the tumor .Conclusion: The RMRP gene can be suggested as a tumor and metastatic marker for the detection of breast cancer. But more clinical and molecular research is still needed to prove it more accurately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Empirical Evidence for Text and Reader Interaction in Fourth Grade Accelerated Students: Is Reading Literacy a Criterion for Academic Acceleration
Hamidreza Hassanabadi Ebrahim Talaei Azadeh Seyed Mirzaei Jahaghi Goalrokh Bararpourthe most important learning needs of students are reading and reading comprehension skills and it is expected that accelerated and gifted students will have an acceptable performance in these skills. In this study, reading comprehension of 3 participants group evaluated Morethe most important learning needs of students are reading and reading comprehension skills and it is expected that accelerated and gifted students will have an acceptable performance in these skills. In this study, reading comprehension of 3 participants group evaluated that including: 1) accelerated students (N=128, females 53 and males 75), 2) non-accelerated students with the same age but in different grade (N=122, females 50 and males 72) and 3) non-accelerated students in the same grade but different age (N=114, females 47 and males 67).participants were matched based on their general intelligence, gender, educational level and occupation of the parents and the social-economic status. Reading comprehension was assessed in two informational and literary domains by two stories, the Ant and the Giraffes, from the International Study on PIRLS Literacy (2001, 2006). The data were analyzed using a mixed-design analysis of variance model. The results indicated that reading and reading comprehension performances were not significantly different between the three groups. There was no sex difference in reading and reading comprehension performances. The implications of the findings for educational policymakers, planners, and users were discussed. Manuscript profile -
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29 - A study on effects of mutagenicity of muscle, cartilage and liver of Persian Gulf shark (Sphyrena lewini) , using the bacterium Salmonella thyphimurium
M. Emtiazjoo L. Salimi S. Samadi F. HayatiShark cartilage, liver and muscle may have an inhibitory effect on mutagenicity and accordingly there is a correlation between antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis. The use of antimutagens and anticarcinogens in everyday life is the most effective procedure to prevent MoreShark cartilage, liver and muscle may have an inhibitory effect on mutagenicity and accordingly there is a correlation between antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis. The use of antimutagens and anticarcinogens in everyday life is the most effective procedure to preventing human cancer and genetic diseases. In this research, we studied the effects of cartilage, muscle and liver extracts of family Sphyrnidae in Persian Gulf on antimutagenicity and antioxidant by Ames test, using Salmonella typhimurium strains in the second phase, especially in the presence and absence of liver microsomal fraction (S9). The number of revertant colonies was compared with negative and positive controls. The results showed that, percentage of antimutagenic and antioxidant effect of cartilage was around 90%. Cartilage extract showed stronger antimutagenic effect in comparison with muscle and liver extracts.Antimutagenic substances may prevent cancer because they can destroy mutagens both inside and outside body cells, and block mutagens that damage DNA and cause mutation in cells. These extracts exhibited an antimutagenic activity that could be beneficial in late as well as early stages of cancer development Manuscript profile -
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30 - Comparison of xanthan biopolymer production in mutant strains of Xanthomonas citri sub sp. citri by using cheese whey
Roya Moravej Mehrdad Azin Seyed Mehdi AlaviBackground & Objectives: Xanthan gum is produced by Xanthomonas bacteria. This gum is widely used in various industries. Random mutagenesis of xanthan-producing strains can increase xanthan production capacity several times. This study aimed to eva MoreBackground & Objectives: Xanthan gum is produced by Xanthomonas bacteria. This gum is widely used in various industries. Random mutagenesis of xanthan-producing strains can increase xanthan production capacity several times. This study aimed to evaluate Xanthomonas mutant strains with high xanthan production capacity.Materials & Methods: The native strain of Xanthomonas citri K37 was affected by nitrogenic acid mutagen and after initial screening, the mutant strains were selected based on the appearance and diameter of the colony formed on the c dye medium. Whey-based production medium was used to produce xanthan gum and then production indices such as beta-galactosidase activity, sugar consumption, production rate, and viscosity of xanthan gum were selected in selected mutant strains.Results: A total of 8 mutant strains were selected among all treated colonies. Two high-yielding strains named R3 and R8 and two low-yielding strains called M2 and M6 were selected to evaluate the activity of beta-galactosidase enzyme and glucose consumption. Strain R3 increased viscosity and amount of xanthan compared to wild strain equivalent to 200 cp and 2 g / l, respectively, and mutant M6 lost the ability to produce xanthan.Conclusion: From the native Xanthomonas citri K37 isolate, a new R3 strain was created during mutagenesis, which can be effective in low cost cheese whey as a xanthan-producing strain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigation of mutations in hotspot regions of ERG11 gene in fluconazole-resistant isolates of Candida albicans in the west of Mazandaran
Masoumeh Majdi Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar Ayatallah Nasrolahi OmranBackground & Objectives: Nowadays, widespread use of fluconazole has resulted in resistance in Candida albicans strains. The conformational changes of Erg11p due to mutations in the ERG11 gene is one of the mechanisms resulting in azole resistance. The aim of our st MoreBackground & Objectives: Nowadays, widespread use of fluconazole has resulted in resistance in Candida albicans strains. The conformational changes of Erg11p due to mutations in the ERG11 gene is one of the mechanisms resulting in azole resistance. The aim of our study was to investigate ERG11 gene mutations in fluconazole-resistant isolates of C. albicans in the west of Mazandaran province.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, clinical specimens were obtained from vaginal mucosa of 120 women in hospitals of the west of Mazandaran province. C. albicans isolates were identified by standard methods such as germ tubes and CHROMEagar medium culture. The fluconazole resistance and susceptibility of the isolates were evaluated by Kirby Bauer and broth micro-dilution methods. Then, ERG11 gene mutations in resistant isolates were determined by PCR-sequencing method as compared with PTCC5027 (ATCC10231) reference strain.Results: Out of 45 C. albicans isolates, 40 isolates were resistant and 5 isolates were susceptible to fluconazole. The MIC of fluconazole was determined as ≥ 64 µg/ml. PCR-sequencing analysis revealed that 18 fluconazole-resistant isolates have six missense mutations (Y257H, E266D, V404I, D421N, V488I, and D504V) in the ERG11 gene.Conclusion: The identified mutations in this study may play role in developing fluconazole resistance in C. albicans isolates in the west of Mazandaran province by decreasing fluconazole affinity to ERG11p. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Study of NS5B gene mutations in hepatitis C virus genotype 1a in Guilan Province
Leila Asadpour Hamdollah Rahimi Dogaheh Mahnaz Houshmsnd RadBackground & Objectives: Hepatitis C virus is the main cause of chronic hepatitis, resulting in a thousand deaths every year. NS5B protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is encoded by the NS5B gene and involved in virus replication. One of the most effectiv MoreBackground & Objectives: Hepatitis C virus is the main cause of chronic hepatitis, resulting in a thousand deaths every year. NS5B protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is encoded by the NS5B gene and involved in virus replication. One of the most effective drugs in the treatment of infections caused by this virus are NS5B protein inhibitors. The emergence of the strains resistant to these drugs is a major obstacle to the success of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate possible mutations in the NS5B region of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a in Guilan province. Materials & Methods: HCV genomic RNA was extracted from the plasma samples of 225 anti-HCV positive patients and its molecular identification and genotyping was carried out by RT-PCR and product Sequencing. Then, the NS5B gene was amplified in 10 strains with genotype 1a and subsequently sequenced to determine mutations in this region. Results: Genotypes 3a (53.3%) and 1a (36.9%) were the most abundant genotypes identified in Guilan. According to sequencing results, out of 10 investigated genotype 1a strains, 5 strains showed 7 types of missense mutations in codons Q309, A327, S254, K304, N307, R250, and A334. Conclusions: Genotype 1a is one of the common genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Guilan. Identifying mutations or polymorphisms associated with resistance in hepatitis C virus can be useful in optimizing the treatment and determining the efficacy of drugs in treating hepatitis C virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Portfolio Optimization Based on Robust Probablistic Planning Model Using Genetic Algorithm and Shuffled Frog-leaping Algorithm
MohammadSaeed Heidari Javad Validi Seyed Babak EbrahimiPortfolio selection problem which is one of the most important issues in finance, using a model that considers conditions of the real world is important. In financial markets, severe and frequent fluctuations cause frequent changes in the portfolio selection models outp MorePortfolio selection problem which is one of the most important issues in finance, using a model that considers conditions of the real world is important. In financial markets, severe and frequent fluctuations cause frequent changes in the portfolio selection models outputs, which increases the number of times to change the weight of portfolio's assets, and so that incurs high management and transaction costs. In the literature of portfolio selection models, one of the approaches to prevent this kind of high costs is robust optimization approach. In this study, in order to optimize the portfolio, genetic algorithm and shuffled frog-leaping algorithm are used to solve robust probablistic planning model presented by Amiri and Heidari (1399) in higher dimensions. To this end, 15 specific problems with different dimensions (number of companies and time periods) are designed and processed. The results of the implementation of two algorithms on the above 15 problems were compared using T-test, which shows no significant difference between two algorithms in portfolio selection problem, but the combined approach of TOPSIS and entropy weighting selects the genetic algorithm as superior algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Changing in the volatilities of Iran microstructure market by BARJAM
Parinaz JalaIn the recent years, high frequency trading is becoming more popular among financial analysts in Iran. To analyze these data need special methods because of microstructure noise effect. In this study, the goal is assessment of realized volatilities according to the BARJ MoreIn the recent years, high frequency trading is becoming more popular among financial analysts in Iran. To analyze these data need special methods because of microstructure noise effect. In this study, the goal is assessment of realized volatilities according to the BARJAM effect from May to October in 2014 and 2016. This study uses the information about crucial Iran indices: Total index, Bank, Oil Industry Investment, Petrochemical Industry Investment and Automobile Industry indices. To estimate Integrated Matrix using “Pre-averaging” because this approach is able to control the effect of microstructure noise and, “Hayashi-Yoshida” is used to synchronization among indices. Moreover, the price jumps are removed to get more accurate estimator. The study of daily volatilities and their comparison show a positive effect of BARJAM on Total index, Bank and Oil Industry Investment, but there is not noticeable influence in Automobile Industry and Petrochemical Industry Investment. Finally, time series is modeled to forecast the volatility of indices in a short term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran’s economy
Seyed Mansour Heshmati Sanzighi Rahman Saadat Esmaeil AbounooriWhen a country's domestic currency fails to fulfill its roles, foreign currency often replaces it, a phenomenon known as currency substitution. This is particularly common in developing countries and influenced by both economic and political factors. One significant eco MoreWhen a country's domestic currency fails to fulfill its roles, foreign currency often replaces it, a phenomenon known as currency substitution. This is particularly common in developing countries and influenced by both economic and political factors. One significant economic aspect affecting currency substitution is exchange rate overshooting. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran. Utilizing the Kamin-Ericsson (2003) method, we first examine the foreign currency in circulation and the volume of currency substitution in Iran’s economy using annual data from 1961 to 2021. Then, the Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) method employed to analyze the impact of exchange rate overshooting on currency substitution. The results indicate that exchange rate overshooting and inflation consistently lead to increased currency substitution in Iran’s economy. Conversely, economic growth negatively affects currency substitution. Additionally, neutralizing the effects of shocks related to exchange rate overshooting, economic development, and inflation requires more than five years. Therefore, economic policymakers must consider these factors when managing currency substitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Determining of chlorate resistant nit mutant's phenotypes and their frequency in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami, the causal agent of sesame yellows and wilt oures rotting in sesame, in Fars Province
Seddigeh Mohammadi saeed rezaei mohammad razavi rasul zare hamidreza zamanizadehIn order to identification of chlorate resistant Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.sesami nit mutant´s phenotypes and studing their frequency, pathogens were isolated from sesame plants during 2005 and 2006 major sesame growing area in Fars province, such as Darab, Fasa, N MoreIn order to identification of chlorate resistant Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.sesami nit mutant´s phenotypes and studing their frequency, pathogens were isolated from sesame plants during 2005 and 2006 major sesame growing area in Fars province, such as Darab, Fasa, Noorabad, Kazeroon, Neiriz, Estahbab and Zarghan. In this study, 32 isolates of this pathogen with maximum genetic diversity based on geographic origin were selected for pathogenecity test. Sectors and nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants of isolates produced on MMC and PDC media. Frequency of nit mutants on MMC was 264 or 79.5 percent of 356 sectors and on PDC was 330 or 74.16 percent of 415 sectors. Other mutants were Crn mutants that showed minimum wild type growth on Medium containing. Phenotypic classes of chlorate resistante mutants were determined by types of growth on basal medium nitrogen sources such as sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate and hypoxanthine. Mutants were grouped in three phenotypic classes: nit1, nit3 and nitM. The frequency of nit1 in PDC was more than MMC,but frequency of nit3 and vise versa frequency of nitM on MMC was more than PDC. On PDC, 63.94 percent of mutants were nit1 but on MMC, 37.12 and 14.4 percent of mutants were nit3 and nitM, respectively. Manuscript profile
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