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Open Access Article
1 - Social and cultural challenges of managing vulnerable urban textures (Case study: Hasir Foroushan neighborhood from the old texture of Babol)
Seyyed Mohsen Habibi Maria Hosseinzadeh Foumashi Cities as the biological context of human societies, like other living beings, experience obsolescence, a key factor of the vulnerability of cities over time; and this phenomenon is natural and inevitable. Therefore, vulnerability is an inevitable phenomen More Cities as the biological context of human societies, like other living beings, experience obsolescence, a key factor of the vulnerability of cities over time; and this phenomenon is natural and inevitable. Therefore, vulnerability is an inevitable phenomenon occurring in all urban textures; and leads to social, economic and physical decline in the urban context; and in total, decline in urban life. In Iran, vulnerability is occurring in cities with much more speed and intensity; and therefore, in recent decades, considering vulnerable urban textures by preparing management projects and plans has been carried out. But less attention to social and cultural dimensions is an obstacle to the fulfillment of these plans. As a result, vulnerability continues to appear in urban textures. Therefore, addressing the social and cultural challenges of managing vulnerable urban textures, is crucial; because managing vulnerability, to high extent, depends on the will and demand of the local community. Thus, this study aims to identify and analyze the social and cultural challenges in managing vulnerable urban textures. In order to achieve this goal, Hasir Foroushan neighborhood from the old and vulnerable texture of the city of Babol is chosen as the case study; and the qualitative research method is used to produce grounded theory. Grounded theory, is a theory that is extracted directly from data gathered during the study and analyzed on a regular basis. The key point is that collecting and analyzing data must be done simultaneously. With the help of open and in-depth interview technique with 24 members of the neighborhood, whom are chosen on purpose; the useful data has been gathered, coded and analyzed. Then, according to the research method which is The Grounded Theory; seven main categories and twelve sub-categories are obtained. These categories and sub categories are: “Community engagement, Values according to the old texture (including two sub-categories titled as: Moral, social and cultural values dependent on the old texture of neighborhood; and Valuable lifestyle of people living in old textures) , demographic features of the local community (including two sub-categories titled as: Impacts of aging population living in the neighborhood; and Impacts of the dominant presence of men in the neighborhood) , local community’s perception , social class conditions, costs and benefits of managing vulnerability (including two sub-categories titled as Low profits from spending for reparation of old textures; and Difficulties of repairing old textures) , and the local communities distrust of urban planning and management organizations, management plans, regulations, and practices (including three sub-categories titled as: Distrust of institutions involved in management of old textures, Uncertainty of management projects and regulations and rules, and Negative attitudes against renovation of old textures) ”; are identified as the social and cultural challenges of managing the vulnerability of the neighborhood. The results of this study, help forming the theory arising from gathered data. This theory which is comprehensive and abstract, is titled as: “The key role of social construction and cultural background in the willingness and action of the local community in managing vulnerability of the neighborhood”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analysis of the Effects of Urban Sprawl on Social Vulnerability (Case Study: Qazvin City Districts)
Esfandiar Zebardast Hossein GhanouniIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and t MoreIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and the location of the earthquake, or physical aspects of buildings and urban areas. In the analysis of the impacts of natural hazards, three broad categories have been defined: 1) focus on natural hazard's biophysical impacts because of the place it occurs; 2) focus on hazard's impacts on societies that experience the hazard because of the social characteristics of those societies and 3) an approach that takes into account both of impacts. This article takes the second approach to analyze the effects of natural hazards. In this approach, social characteristics of the communities and societies, in which earthquake happens, come to center stage. Social vulnerability is one of the important aspects of earthquake risks and consequences. In addition, the progress of communication and transportation technologies and an increase in agricultural production surplus because of the Industrial Revolution has caused many rural settlers to migrate to cities. The increasing population raise in cities has led to many economic, social and environmental consequences, of which excessive horizontal and leapfrog development (which is called urban sprawl in scientific literature) is one. In this article urban sprawl is defined as: "unplanned, far-from-center and automobile-accessed growth of cities which has environmental, economic and social effects and is characterized by low density, segregation of land-uses and limited accessibility". In this research, at first theoretical literature of urban sprawl and social vulnerability were reviewed and the indicators for measuring them were chosen (13 for urban sprawl and 7 for social vulnerability) and the relevant data for Qazvin was extracted by using national census data and Geographic Information System (GIS). Then explorative factor analysis for eigenvalues bigger than 1 was conducted by using SPSS software and the indicators for sprawl were categorized into 4 factors: “density”, “configuration”, “land-use” and “accessibility” (70.22% of variance explained), and the indicators for social vulnerability were grouped in 1 factor: social vulnerability (66.9% of variance explained). Then the maps for each factor of sprawl and two main topics (sprawl and social vulnerability) were made. The correlation analysis was conducted on four factors of sprawl, social vulnerability factor (which is representative of social vulnerability altogether) and sprawl as a whole. The results show that from 4 factors of sprawl, just density factor has a significant correlation (0.801) with social vulnerability. Sprawl is also significantly (although weaker) correlated to social vulnerability (0.44). In addition, regression analysis showed that four factors of sprawl can explain 67.6% of the variance of social vulnerability. The relation between social vulnerability and density/sprawl is positive/negative, i.e. by an increase in density/decrease in sprawl, social vulnerability increases. Finally, the maps of sprawl and social vulnerability in Qazvin city districts and the map of potential districts for development are shown based on the correlation of sprawl and social vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessing urban seismic vulnerability(A case study of Ardabil City)
Aziz Donyadideh rasoul samadzadeh Ali PanahiIntroduction and Aim: Due to the devastating effects of earthquakes, it is essential to understand the potential risks and develop strategies to minimize their impact. The aim of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of Ardabil City in Iran to the risk of earthq MoreIntroduction and Aim: Due to the devastating effects of earthquakes, it is essential to understand the potential risks and develop strategies to minimize their impact. The aim of this research is to analyze the vulnerability of Ardabil City in Iran to the risk of earthquakes. The study focuses on the five regions of Ardabil City. Methodology: The research is applied and descriptive-analytical in methodology. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized for data analysis, which weighs four criteria and 19 sub-criteria. The information layers in Arc GIS software were combined together to produce a map of vulnerable areas. Findings: The findings indicate that planning and land-use criteria are crucial factors in assessing the vulnerability of Ardabil City. The structural and natural criteria also play a role in the seismic vulnerability of the city. The study shows that the northern, northwestern, eastern, and central parts of Ardabil City are more vulnerable to the risk of earthquakes. Conversely, the southern part of the city is considered the most resistant. Conclusion: The results indicate that nearly 30% of urban spaces have moderate to high vulnerability to earthquake risk, while around 50% are exposed to high vulnerability. This suggests that the physical structure of these areas is not suitable to manage a crisis caused by seismic activity. In conclusion, this research presents valuable insights into the risk of earthquakes in Ardabil City. The findings can inform the development of mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of earthquakes and protect the local community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The role of communications in the district 6 of Tehran and vulnerability mapping vulnerability in the face of natural disasters
HASANALI FARAJI SABOKBAR MOHAMMAD REZAIE NARIMISAIntroduction and objectives of the research: Urban passages as one of the physical elements of the city, plays a key role at the time of the occurrence, as well as after the occurrence of the earthquake, so that the managers of the crisis is one of the reasons being the MoreIntroduction and objectives of the research: Urban passages as one of the physical elements of the city, plays a key role at the time of the occurrence, as well as after the occurrence of the earthquake, so that the managers of the crisis is one of the reasons being the lack of extensive earthquake relief timely dimension arising from the injury the passages of speech. Research is also looking for ways to explain the role of communication in the urban areas of vulnerability in the face of the crisis. On this basis, except in terms of the nature of descriptive research analytical and objective-of the type of application-development. The Statistical Society of Tehran municipality is the District 6 is based on the dating and centralization as the sample is selected. Research method: Data field and two for a library with tools such as DEMATEL questionnaires, books, articles and different map, collect and use the EXCEL software, MATLAB, IDRISI and ARC GIS 10, are located about analysis. Results: The results indicates that it is a central and southern parts of the region; the passages in terms of access to the physical structure of the network of passages,-space, access to the range, access to public open spaces, wide roads (permeability), the distance from the infinite spaces of the body, fire, and medical centers, the most over the level of vulnerability can be possessed. Conclusion: Of course, it is worth mentioning that the texture and density; the crowd, pressed and consists of elements present in these sectors, as well as the role of credit in the amount of vulnerabilities going up passages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Point Sources Pollution Index Development in Well Capture Zones with Mathematical Modeling Approach (Case study: Meshgin Shahr plain)
Mohsen Heidarogli Hossein Saadati Ebrahim FataeiBackground and Aim: It is possible to identify the areas of plains that are highly vulnerable to contaminating wells by modeling, integrating, and developing indicators. The presence of polluting points in these areas will bring and intensify the risk of contamination o MoreBackground and Aim: It is possible to identify the areas of plains that are highly vulnerable to contaminating wells by modeling, integrating, and developing indicators. The presence of polluting points in these areas will bring and intensify the risk of contamination of wells. The main goal of this research is to develop and provide a new index to determine the vulnerable levels around the wells that can cause the pollution of drinking and agricultural wells and, consequently, the pollution of the aquifer. In this research, the combination of point pollutant sources density was used as a risk index and well capture zones as a vulnerability index. This method is more accurate than other methods because it takes into account features such as discharge, natural damping, soil, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, land use, landcover, and distribution of wells, and it is a combination of vulnerability index and risk index.Method:In the present research, the vulnerability of Meshginshahr’s plain’s aquifer with an area of 614 square kilometers is estimated using the combination of two factors of the density of polluting sources in the areas of the rivers and the well capture zones.First, the density of point pollution sources such as industries, villages, gas stations, as an index of potential polluting sources in Mashgin Shahr’s plain’s rivers is determined by Karnal method in GIS environment. Then, numerical modeling is done to determine the well capture zonesusing MODFLOW and MODPATH models.The statistical data of 10 years from 2011 to 2020 is divided into three categories.The first 8 years are used for the calibration, and the last 2 years were used for model validation.Modeling was performed for stable state.Then the parameters of hydraulic conductivity, recharge and anisotropy are subjected to sensitivity analysis.In the next step, using the MODPATH model and based on the results of the MODFLOW model, well capture zonesor areas with high vulnerability are estimated in different periods.By combining the density layer of point pollutants in the rivers’ protection area and well capture zones, the developed pollution index of the plain is obtained.Results: The density of pollutants in the region varied from zero to 0.998 items per square kilometer, so that the highest density is in the southwest of the plain, around the important cities of the region. In 16% of the total surface of the plain, there is no capture of pollution by wells. The final capture with 25% of the plain has the largest share and the 10-year capture with less than 1% of the plain has the lowest share. The results of the final index shows that the entire level of the plain is in the range of low risk, and about 50% of the level of the Meshgin’s plain is in the range of low vulnerability. The results of this index are validated based on the density of two important pollutants, nitrate and chloride, which have a positive correlation with the vulnerability index. Two potential pollutants are selected as accuracy parameters to confirm the result of the index developed in this research. Nitrate is considered in rural and agricultural areas, which are affected by agricultural fertilizers and sewage. Chloride also indicates pollution in industrial and commercial places. The results show that the relationship between the two parameters of chlorine and nitrate is almost linear, so that the Pearson correlation coefficient for nitrate is 0.58 and for chloride is 0.49.Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that in the plains’ management in order to protect the wells’ water quality, the combination of the risk index of point pollutants in the rivers and the vulnerability of the well capture zones can play an important role, and in the industrial development of Mashgin Shahr plain, priority should be given to areas with lower risk. Due to the fact that there are no industrial towns or units in Mashgin Plain, it is not possible to evaluate the risk classes of this index with the spatial changes of groundwater pollution, and it is recommended that this index be used and evaluated in industrial plains. The index presented in this research is simpler compared to other developed indices in the field of aquifer pollution, however; for more accuracy, the weight of the effect can be determined for any point or non-point pollutant, or other parameters can be used Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals lead, zinc and cadmium in the Lakan lead and zinc company
Seyed Alireza Sharifi mojgan zaeimdar Seyed Ali Jozi Rokhshad HejaziBackground and Objective: Today, the implementation of industrial development programs without considering environmental considerations, has led to the continued entry of pollutants into the environment. Currently, industrial pollution is considered the main cause of en MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the implementation of industrial development programs without considering environmental considerations, has led to the continued entry of pollutants into the environment. Currently, industrial pollution is considered the main cause of environmental degradation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the ecological risk of toxic metals lead, zinc, and cadmium in the Lakan lead and zinc processing company.Method: After organizing and standardizing the data using GIS, ecological risk assessment and also the environmental risk index of toxic metals in the study area were estimated.Findings: The results of the ecological risk assessment showed that among the studied toxic metals, cadmium metal has the lowest risk (0.01% of the area in the high-risk class) and zinc has the highest risk (0.02% of the area in the high-risk class). Also, the results of the environmental risk index assessed 99% of the region in terms of cadmium metal risk in the low-risk category and 92% of the region in terms of zinc risk in the critical class, and lead metal was in the intermediate status.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be stated that following industrialization, the spread of industrial pollution is inevitable, but methods and measures have been used to mitigate and reduce their consequences. One of the important methods in reducing the effects of environmental pollution is ecological risk assessment. Therefore, considering the capabilities of GIS systems in the preparation of environmental assessment maps, it seems that this system can be useful in facilitating the assessment of the ecological vulnerability of metal mining industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Study of Quality & Pollution of Urmia Gadarchay Catchment, Using Water Quality Index and WRASTIC Vulnerability Model
nazli Moghadam yekta Seyed Ali Jozi abdolreza karimiBackground and Objectives: Study area of this study is Gadarchay Catchment (Part of Urmia Basin) that has been affected by the agricultural and industrial activities as well as population points. In this study, quality and pollution of Gadarchay Catchment Using Iran Wat MoreBackground and Objectives: Study area of this study is Gadarchay Catchment (Part of Urmia Basin) that has been affected by the agricultural and industrial activities as well as population points. In this study, quality and pollution of Gadarchay Catchment Using Iran Water Quality Index and WRASTIC Vulnerability Model has­ been investigated to improve water quality, preventing of pollution and reducing pollution load by using management mitigation plans. Method: After collecting the history of study and completing the information, the catchment area have been assigned and divided to eight zones. Then sampling stations have been chosen by some criterions and sampling program have been started seasonally and the water quality index using IRWQISC have been estimated. Findings: The quality of rivers was in partly bad to partly good. The vulnerability of the catchment area has been calculated 59 that show the high sensitivity of the river catchment area. Availability of pollutants in the study area for example fisheries, bird houses, slaughter house, industrial areas and urban and rural areas by the river and discharge of waste water, causes wide pollution in river specially in mid-zone and downstream of the catchment area. These pollutants are increasing due to the growth of population and industrial and agricultural development. Discussion and Conclusion: For improvement of water quality and preventing of pollution, management mitigation plans are used and proposed plans including one structural plan, four non-structural plans and two joint plans are planned. Also it’s useful to detect pollutant sources and quality conservation acts and pollution control in case of monitoring of water quality projects and reforming the existing water­­ quality monitoring. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Developing a strategic model for earthquake crisis management, targeting to minimize economic vulnerability; case study on district 22 of Tehran
Mehdi Ghadami Iran Ghaziحوادث غیرمترقبه ازجمله مسائلی هستند که گریبانگیر دولتها و ملتها شده، تلفات جانی و خسارات اقتصادی فراوانی بر آنها تحمیل مینمایند. در این مقاله، با رویکردی زیربنایی و نرم به رسالت مهندسی زلزله، نسبت به طراحی الگویی راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران زلزله اقدام گردیده است. در Moreحوادث غیرمترقبه ازجمله مسائلی هستند که گریبانگیر دولتها و ملتها شده، تلفات جانی و خسارات اقتصادی فراوانی بر آنها تحمیل مینمایند. در این مقاله، با رویکردی زیربنایی و نرم به رسالت مهندسی زلزله، نسبت به طراحی الگویی راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران زلزله اقدام گردیده است. در این راستا، از روش تحقیق آمیخته (ترکیبی از روشهای کمّی و کیفی) بهرهگیری شده و ضمن اخذ آراء خبرگان حوزههای مهندسی زلزله و مدیریت بحران، متغیرهای کمّی و کیفی اثرگذار بر میزان آسیبپذیری لرزهای پهنهها، شناسایی و تحلیل گردیدهاند، بهنحویکه متغیرهای دارای ماهیت کمّی و سنجهپذیر، در قالب مدل ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای، بررسی گردیده و سایر عوامل راهبردی اثرگذار که دارای ماهیت کیفی میباشند نیز با بکارگیری تکنیک تحلیل راهبردی سوآت، ارزیابی شدهاند. در بخش کیفی پژوهش، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، چارچوب مفهومی الگو و نیز معیارهای ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای استخراج شدهاند. در بخش کمّی پژوهش نیز با بهرهگیری از تکنیکهای آماری ازجمله آزمون همبستگی، الگوی موردنظر برازش گردیده و با استفاده از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و بهرهگیری از نرم افزار Expert Choice، ضریب اهمیت معیارهای ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای و شاخصهای عددی شدت آسیبپذیری لرزهای تعیین شدهاند. سپس، مبتنی بر تحلیل آسیبپذیری لرزهای، راهبردهای متناسب، تدوین گردیده و با توجه به سطح اهمیت آنها، الویتبندی شدهاند. درنهایت، راهکارهای اجرایی متناسب با هر راهبرد پیشنهاد میگردند. به منظور پیادهسازی الگوی نهایی، منطقه 22 شهر تهران به عنوان مورد مطالعه انتخاب شده که وسیعترین توسعه شهری متصل به تهران و به تعبیری استانداردترین منطقه شهری در سطح کشور است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Formulating the psychosocial vulnerability model of chronic depression: The grounded theory
Seyed Mohammad Reza Samsam Shariat Hamid Taher Neshat Doost Mehrdad Kalantari seyed hamid reza oreyzi samaniThe aim of this study was. This exploratory qualitative study was carried out using grounded theory method. Data were collected via semistructured in-depth interviews and field notes. We interviewed with 12patients with chronic depression.Participants were selected from MoreThe aim of this study was. This exploratory qualitative study was carried out using grounded theory method. Data were collected via semistructured in-depth interviews and field notes. We interviewed with 12patients with chronic depression.Participants were selected from two psychotherapy clinics. The survey instrument included; structured Clinical Interview for DSM5 criteria and 24-item Hamilton depression scale (HRSD24). Data were analyzed using the NVIVO software. The results showed as a result of these factors caused chronic depression terms of the previous treatment failure and multiple courses prior history of depression and a sense of disability of physical problems and chronic pain. This disorder has been achieved in the context of the problem in terms of social / familial and financial / employment / education. The results showed that the basic conditions to depression include cognitive and behavioral factors which are influenced by mood and emotion regulation. The continuation of this disorder is the result of factors and physical health as well as social and family factors and occupational, academic and financial factors, which leads to the symptoms of chronic depression. Based on the grounded theory method of this study, Since most psychotherapy processes have been emphasized on aspects of cognitive / behavioral, at the time of the chronicity of the disorder, better health priority, according to maintaining these categories: health problems and physical and fields family / social and jobs / education /financial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Explanation of Psychological Vulnerability Based on the Attachment Styles in Students of Mixed-state Universities of Tehran
مهرانگیز پیوسته گر محمد علی بشارت شیما پژوهی نیا محمد یاسین سیفیThe purpose of this study was to explain psychological vulnerability to Aggression, Interpersonal sensitivity , Psychotics and Paranoid based on attachment styles in students of mixed- state universities of Tehran. The statistical population comprised of all students MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain psychological vulnerability to Aggression, Interpersonal sensitivity , Psychotics and Paranoid based on attachment styles in students of mixed- state universities of Tehran. The statistical population comprised of all students at mixed-state universities in Tehran (in the 87-88 school year), by Using random multiple cluster sampling method, Cochran formula, 384 male and female students were selected and completed. The Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) (Besharat, 1379) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) (Deragotis, 1983). Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software, Pearson correlation coefficients and simultaneous regression analysis. Analysis of the data revealed that secure attachment style with psychological vulnerabilities has negative significant correlation and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles with psychological vulnerabilities have positive significant correlation (P < 0.0001). Moreover, attachment styles specially secure and ambivalent styles can explain psychological vulnerabilities in different kinds and levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Assessing groundwater vulnerability in Ramhormoz aquifer using a GIS and DRASTIC Techniques
Pouriya Moradi Hassan Rouhi Kazem Rangzan Nasrollah Kalantari Nazanin GhanbariAquifer vulnerability assessment to identify areas that have a potential contamination of water re-sources management, is very important. One of the rudimentary and important ways to prevent groundwater contamination is the identification of vulnerable areas and applied MoreAquifer vulnerability assessment to identify areas that have a potential contamination of water re-sources management, is very important. One of the rudimentary and important ways to prevent groundwater contamination is the identification of vulnerable areas and applied its results for land use management. In this study, the vulnerability of Ramhormoz aquifer evaluated by an Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and Modified DRASTIC based on GIS. In the DRASTIC model the map of seven hydrogeological characteristics affecting groundwater pollution (depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil type, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conduc-tivity) was combined using Geographic information system (GIS) and aquifer vulnerability map was prepared. In order to overlaying the data layer tree methods (DRASTIC-DRASTIC, DRASTIC-AHP and AHP-AHP methods) have been used. Nitrate concentration data of groundwater have been used for model validation. The results show that, except the southeast that have a high vulnerability, other parts of plain have a low to moderate vulnerability. In the study area, DRASTIC-DRASTIC and DRASTIC-AHP methods have a better results rather than AHP-AHP method. The correlation coefficient between Q index and nitrate concentration in DRASTIC-DRASTIC, DRASTIC-AHP and AHP-AHP methods is obtained 0.97, 0.96 and 0.81, respectively, which confirmed the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Degradation assessment of Jajrood protected area using landscape degradation model
Afshin Danehkar Shirkou JafariDegradation model is a method for environmental impact assessment and it has been widely applied for accumulative impact assessment of human activities. In addition, landscape indicators have been widely used in landscape planning as quantitative tools. One important ap MoreDegradation model is a method for environmental impact assessment and it has been widely applied for accumulative impact assessment of human activities. In addition, landscape indicators have been widely used in landscape planning as quantitative tools. One important application of landscape metrics is their contribution to landscape degradation model. The goal of this research was to assess landscape degradation in Jajrood protected area. In doing so, landscape indicators were calculated using a land use/cover map of Jajrood protected area for 16 sub basins. For land use/cover mapping, Landsat satellite image was firstly pre-processed, and then, hybrid classification approach was undertaken to categorize the image into different land use/cover categories. According to landscape degradation model, ecological vulnerability and the severity of activities as well as the degradation degree were calculated for the targeted landscape. The results of this research indicated that sub basin 5 with a value of 31 had the highest level of landscape degradation and sub basins 1, 13 and 15 with values 25, 25 and 22, respectively, were on the next orders in Jajrood protected area. In addition, sub basins 16, 7 and 4 with values 3.5, 3.25 and 3.25, respectively, were least degraded and these sub basins had the least level of fragmentation. The results show that 68% of the area was outlined to be potential for development or further development, only 17% of the area is suitable for protection. Approximately 13% of the area should be considered for rehabilitation that demonstrated natural land cover change and degradation in the protected area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A GIS, DRASTIC techniques for assessing groundwater vulnerability in Torghabeh –Shandiz watershed of Khorasan county
Mehri Entezari Fazel Amiri Tayebeh TabatabaieThe state of groundwater pollution in Torghabeh-Shandiz watershed of Khorasan County has become a major problem, particularly in respect of the increasing population, and the agricultural, industrial and commercial development. The present work attempts to interpret the MoreThe state of groundwater pollution in Torghabeh-Shandiz watershed of Khorasan County has become a major problem, particularly in respect of the increasing population, and the agricultural, industrial and commercial development. The present work attempts to interpret the groundwater vulnerability of this watershed using the DRASTIC model together with the geographic information system (GIS). The data which correspond to the seven parameters (depth to water level, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity) of the DRASTIC model were collected and converted into thematic maps with GIS. The study showed that the DRASTIC index shows lies in the range of 68 to 225 which were classified into five zones, very low, low, moderate, high, and very high-risk zone of groundwater contamination. The DRASTIC map illustrates that an area of 15.9% is a very low vulnerability, 20.29% low vulnerability, 26.33% moderate vulnerability, 24.34% high vulnerability and 13.14% very high vulnerability in the study area. The river flows from the northeast region of the watershed allows more recharge of water, which may drain the fertilizers from the surrounding agricultural lands along with it to the groundwater and hence leads to groundwater vulnerability of this region. To check the reliability of the DRASTIC index map in the field condition, groundwater samples were collected for the analysis of nitrate (NO3) which is found as one of the pollutants in groundwater resulting due to use of fertilizers during agriculture. The presence of high nitrate concentration over high to moderate risk pollution zone in the study area validated satisfactorily. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Seismic vulnerability estimation of East Ravagh of Tehran mosala by using microtremors
دیاکو Hariri M.A Riahi Ahmad AdibBecause of the Microtremor analysis is easy and cheap, so that this method is used for definition ofseismic vulnerability of structures. Consequently, we recorded microtremors in a few pointssimultaneously on the second floor and foundation floor in East Ravagh of Mosal MoreBecause of the Microtremor analysis is easy and cheap, so that this method is used for definition ofseismic vulnerability of structures. Consequently, we recorded microtremors in a few pointssimultaneously on the second floor and foundation floor in East Ravagh of Mosala of Tehran forevaluation of seismic vulnerability in this structure. After analysis of these data, we determined thepoints with high degree of seismic vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Assessing the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes (Case study: Neyriz neighborhoods)
Mohammad Reza Zardosht Marziyeh Mogholi mohammad ebrahim afifiAbstractAmong natural disasters, earthquakes are one of the newest fundamental challenges of societies, which every year, despite causing great economic damage, cause many deaths and hinder the coordinated and continuous development of societies. The main purpose of thi MoreAbstractAmong natural disasters, earthquakes are one of the newest fundamental challenges of societies, which every year, despite causing great economic damage, cause many deaths and hinder the coordinated and continuous development of societies. The main purpose of this study is to assess the vulnerability of Neyriz neighborhoods to earthquakes. In terms of purpose, in the field of applied research and in terms of research method, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is documentary and survey. By distributing the questionnaire according to the experts of the research, the effective criteria for identification and their relative importance were determined using the method of hierarchical analysis. Prioritization of urban neighborhoods was done using FVikor method (FVikor), as one of the new multi-criteria decision-making methods, in Gis software environment. The results obtained from fuzzy Victor in the neighborhoods of Neyriz show that Qala-e-Beheshti neighborhood with a weight of 0.908 is in the first place and Bazaar neighborhood with a weight of 0.089 is in the last place. In terms of earthquake vulnerability of neighborhoods in terms of all criteria, Beheshti neighborhoods, health, hospitals and commanders’ low vulnerability, stadium neighborhoods, Abadzdasht Jadid and Goodajar moderate vulnerability, Abadzdasht neighborhoods Old and the neighborhood are very vulnerable and the neighborhoods of Sadat, Shadkhaneh, Qala Mahmoud Khan and Bazaar are very vulnerable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Scenario planning and explanation of urban management development with an emphasis on earthquake vulnerability management with a future research approach using GIS, a case study of Mantasa Municipality 6, Tehran
poya amiri mohammad ebrahim afifi Marziyeh MogholiThe research is applied in terms of purpose, explanatory in nature and combined method (qualitative-quantitative). The data collection method is library-documentary. The statistical population was formed by 124 experts and experts from the government agencies of the cit MoreThe research is applied in terms of purpose, explanatory in nature and combined method (qualitative-quantitative). The data collection method is library-documentary. The statistical population was formed by 124 experts and experts from the government agencies of the city of Tehran. Probability and stratified sampling method. The tool for collecting information is the questionnaire of the type of closed questions. For the future research of Tehran city management and to investigate the desired drivers, the criteria influencing the development management of Tehran city have been ranked using the TOPSIS model based on the experts' score. By examining these criteria, possible, probable and desirable scenarios have been developed. The aim of the current research is scenario planning and explanation of the development of urban management with an emphasis on earthquake vulnerability management with a future research approach using GIS. The indicators used for medical centers and hospitals were population density, open spaces, distance from the fault, road network. In the fuzzy inference zoning maps of AND operator, 1453.13, 499.17, 154.9, 35.11 hectares are located in very low, low, medium, high and very high risk areas, respectively. In the OR zoning model, 7.02 hectares are in the very low risk category, 35.11 hectares are in the low risk category, 358.19 hectares are in the medium risk zone, 1755.85 hectares are in the high risk zone, and 2156.18 are in the very high risk zone. The results of the research show that Among the evaluated criteria, the emphasis on the decentralized and integrated management structure with a score of (0.967) has taken the first place. Based on the future research method in Tehran city development management, three scenarios were formulated. The first scenario: change in the structural criteria of Tehran city management (integrated approach in urban planning and management). The second scenario: change in the functional criteria of Tehran city management. The third scenario: Governance is digital democracy. In this zoning, the most vulnerable areas are located in the northern part of the city.Therefore, in the zoning map resulting from the AND operator, more relief and relief centers will be needed in times of earthquakes. In the OR zoning model, 7.02 hectares are in the very low risk category, 35.11 hectares in the low risk category, 358.19 hectares in the medium risk zone, 1755.85 hectares in the high risk zone, and 2156.18 hectares in the very high risk zone. Therefore, the largest area in this zoning model is in the very low class, and this logic considers many areas without risk due to the convergence between criteria, and only a very small part of the center of the study area has been identified as having a high risk. And finally, the zoning model of the GAMA operator, respectively, 185.23, 557.92, 595.88, 643.62, 158.76 hectares were in the very low, low, medium, high, very high risk classes, and the medium risk class covered most of the study area. In this zoning, the most vulnerable areas are located in the northern part of the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Torbat Heydarieh city vulnerability to urban sustainability indicators with emphasis on the role of Dorehne fault
zohreh nagehani mahdi saghafiSustainable urban development is a tool for controlling and directing city development and activities and promoting the city's environmental qualities. The use of sustainable urban development approach provides opportunities for the creation of applied geographic system MoreSustainable urban development is a tool for controlling and directing city development and activities and promoting the city's environmental qualities. The use of sustainable urban development approach provides opportunities for the creation of applied geographic systems through which these systems can integrate natural processes, urban environments and human activities. Reviews of this article Develop the city of Torbat Heydarieh with The emphasis on the intrusion of the fault in relation to the extent of the vulnerability contribution of different indicators in different dimensions of development. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic based on the library collection method and analysis based on the method of weighting and selection of criteria using AHP technique. In this research, 12 criteria for selecting the sustainable urban development index of Torbat-e-Heydarieh with emphasis on the role of Duroneh fault in the dimensions of physical, geomorphologic and environmental aspects were considered. Then, these factors were weighed. The results of the research show that in total With a range of different areas, a significant percentage of the city's various districts and districts are vulnerable, with a view to reducing potential risks, appropriate planning should take place in these neighborhoods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Seismic Fragility Analysis of a RC Bridge with Uniform and Non-Uniform Random Scour Patterns
Ali Raoof Mehrpour Hosseini Mehran Seyedrazzaghi Nasser ShamskiaPrevious natural disaster assessments had identified bridges as vulnerable structures against hydraulic hazards, particularly scouring. Additionally, in areas with high seismic activity, bridges are exposed to minor damage to complete collapse, in most cases requiring i MorePrevious natural disaster assessments had identified bridges as vulnerable structures against hydraulic hazards, particularly scouring. Additionally, in areas with high seismic activity, bridges are exposed to minor damage to complete collapse, in most cases requiring immediate occupancy structural performance levels in the event of an earthquake. Previous studies have focused on vulnerability assessments by considering the effects of simultaneous hazards. This study examines a simply supported RC bridge model with a discontinuous deck-girder superstructure installed on cap beams via elastomers. Seismic vulnerability assessments were conducted by developing fragility curves through nonlinear time history analyses on scoured models. One of the study's objectives is to consider the effects of non-uniform patterns in different foundations of the four-span model by generating random depth samples. The study also evaluated even depths as the uniform scenario for vulnerability assessment. The results indicate that, in all limit states considered in the study, the uniform has a higher probability of exceeding the limit states than the non-uniform scenario. However, in evaluating critical scoured models, the uniformly maximum credible scoured pattern did not necessarily have a higher probability of exceeding all limit states. In other words, the non-uniform scenario, which had pier(s) with the maximum credible scour depth, had a more critical vulnerability in some limit states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A methodology for Determining the Seismic Vulnerability of Old Concrete Highway Bridges by Using Fragility Curves
Araliya Mosleh jose jara Humberto Varum -
Open Access Article
20 - Probabilistic Evaluation of Seismic Performance of RC Bridges in Iran
Mehran Seyed Razzaghi M. Safarkhanlou -
Open Access Article
21 - Seismic Vulnerability assessment of concrete railway bridge using nonlinear analyses
Araliya Mosleh Hamed Hamidi Ahmad Nicknam José Jara Humberto Varum -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effect of Compressive Strength Reduction of Column Section Expose due to Freezing-Thawing Cycles on the Seismic Performance of Bridges
Saeideh Alsadat Mousavi Mehran Seyed Razzaghi -
Open Access Article
23 - بررسی رابطه مؤلفههای اجتماعی- فرهنگی و آسیبپذیری اخلاقی (مطالعه موردی دانشآموزان دبیرستان ناحیه دو شهر یزد)
مهناز فرهمند حمید محمدی مهدی عالی نژادآسیبشناسی و تعیین آسیبپذیری اخلاقی دانشآموزان گام اساسی در مصونسازی آنها در برابر تغییرات ارزشی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اخلاقی است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری اخلاقی دانش-آموزان انجام یافته است. چارچوب نظری از نظریات دورکیم، اینگلهارت و لرنر تشکیل شده است. Moreآسیبشناسی و تعیین آسیبپذیری اخلاقی دانشآموزان گام اساسی در مصونسازی آنها در برابر تغییرات ارزشی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اخلاقی است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری اخلاقی دانش-آموزان انجام یافته است. چارچوب نظری از نظریات دورکیم، اینگلهارت و لرنر تشکیل شده است. این پژوهش، با تکنیک پیمایش رابطه بین میزان آسیبپذیری اخلاقی و عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی مؤثر بر آن را در بین دانشآموزان پسر شهر یزد بررسی کرده است. تعداد 386 نفر با روش نمونهگیری خوشهای چندمرحلهای برای نمونه آماری تحقیق انتخاب شدند. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهند که بین متغیرهای سن، نوگرایی، مصرفگرایی، مقبولیت اجتماعی، کاهش تعهدات دینی و سنتی با آسیبپذیری اخلاقی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. بین میزان استفاده از رسانه با آسیبپذیری اخلاقی رابطه معناداری مشاهده نشد. تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره نشان داد که سه متغیر مقبولیت اجتماعی، کاهش تعهدات دینی - سنتی و سبک زندگی غربی 63% از واریانس تغییرات در متغیر وابسته آسیبپذیری اخلاقی را تبیین کردند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Predicting Social Adjustment in University Students based on Alexithymia and Psychological Vulnerability
Faranak Salarian Ali Reza Homayouni Jamal Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
25 - The Assessment of Residential Buildings' Physical Vulnerability against Earthquake (A Case Study of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran)
ferial ahmadi Alireza EskandarinejadEarthquake damage assessment of residential buildings of Sari is the main goal of the present research. Through a descriptive-analytic method, first, building information such as structure type, year of construction, and number of stories are taken from the Urban Compre MoreEarthquake damage assessment of residential buildings of Sari is the main goal of the present research. Through a descriptive-analytic method, first, building information such as structure type, year of construction, and number of stories are taken from the Urban Comprehensive Plan of Sari. Using these data, damage degree of each building class is computed for all zones of Sari’s regions using results obtained by the seismic hazard analysis of Sari along with taking into account the proper vulnerability curves. The obtained results showed that the percentages of the adobe and cinder block types of Sari residential buildings were 63, 66, 72, and 67 percent for Sari districts 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, which would be totally destroyed. Moreover, the least damage degrees were predicted for steel structures along with concrete ones with more than five stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - On the Analysis of the Role of Good Urban Governance Model in Reducing Urban Housing Vulnerability against Earthquake
H. hatami nejad SH. Bazr Afkan M. ArvinIn the later development models which have been promoted by the international organizations, for improving the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable urban development, a pattern of good urban governance will be presented, on the basis of which, health, order a MoreIn the later development models which have been promoted by the international organizations, for improving the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable urban development, a pattern of good urban governance will be presented, on the basis of which, health, order and security, progress and welfare can be achieved, simultaneously. Theory of good urban governance which is accepted by elites and experts and is emphasized by international organizations, in particular Habitat, intends to make cities more efficient, equitable, safer and more sustainable. The objective of this study is an Analysis of the role of good urban governance in reducing urban housing vulnerability against earthquake. The present study is applied and also descriptive-correlation research in terms of purpose and also in terms of way of collecting data, respectively. In the data analysis, the structural equation modeling technique was used with smart pls 3 software to examine the conceptual model of the research. In this study, indexes of participation, legitimacy, transparency, collective agreement, taking responsibility, justice, accountability, and efficiency and effectiveness were used by means of 38 questions. The population of the study is urban planners who were selected as 40 numbers as a sample using purposeful sampling. The results of this study show that all good urban governance indexes are important in reducing housing vulnerability. Therefore, in creating sustainable and safe cities, participation of people, observance of laws, respect for others rights, justice and equality, taking responsibility and responsiveness, transparency of city managers and city officials' performance vis-à-vis citizens leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness; and finally, leads to a good urban governance approach that can ensure and reduce the housing vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability of Urban Sprawl Physical Variables Using TOPSIS Model (Case Study: Urban Separate Area Babariz Sanandaj)
K. Behzad Afshar P. AkbariThe occurrence of the earthquake has caused a lot of damage to the urban structures due to the lack of attention to the identification of the basic factors in vulnerability to earthquakes. The purpose of this article is to study the principles and identify and identify MoreThe occurrence of the earthquake has caused a lot of damage to the urban structures due to the lack of attention to the identification of the basic factors in vulnerability to earthquakes. The purpose of this article is to study the principles and identify and identify vulnerabilities to earthquake risk in the region according to Structural measures such as the type of structure and materials, the quality, the age and the size of the building, the number of building floors, land use, and passageways, reduces the damage caused by the earthquake in the urban area of Baba Riz Sanandaj and provides the possibility of proper planning.. The research method is descriptive-analytical and case study. The technique of collecting statistics and information, using the library methods, is the use of statistics tables. The TOPSIS model utilizes GIS and excel software, as well as for information analysis. The highest vulnerability is in Division 2, 4.3 and Zone 1 has the least vulnerability. The northwest of the city and the central texture of the city are among the high-risk areas and the eastern regions, except for the low-risk areas at the time of the earthquake. Regarding the structural variables, the most likely physical damages in the order of the passageways, structures and materials, the number of building floors will be inaccuracy of the earthquake, and the least important role will be the quality and life of the building and land use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Improvement in GIS-based DRASTIC model using statistical methods and analytical hierarchy process, case study: Hamedan-Bahar plain, west of Iran
علی اکبر متکان Hamidreza Naseri Zohreh Ostadhashemi -
Open Access Article
29 - Assessment of ground water vulnerability using the DRASTIC method (Case study from arid regions of Kermanshah and Ilam, west of Iran)
Mohammad Hossein Ghobadi Fatemeh Naseri Homeyra Osmanpour Mahnaz Firoozi -
Open Access Article
30 - Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of Pipe Rack Supporting Structures in A Petrochemical Complex
Mohammad Karimi Naghdali Hosseinzadeh Farshid Hosseini Navid Kazem Hamid Kazem -
Open Access Article
31 - Energy security relations between the EU and Russia from the perspective of the theory of interdependence
Fatemeh Hamoei Kayhan Barzegar Hamid Ahmadi hossain daheshiarDue to the lack of a common energy policy in the European Union because of the differing dependence of its members on Russian resources, different geographical conditions and diverse incentives, the Union has committed itself to adhering to a specific security policy fo MoreDue to the lack of a common energy policy in the European Union because of the differing dependence of its members on Russian resources, different geographical conditions and diverse incentives, the Union has committed itself to adhering to a specific security policy for energy. A long-term strategy based on interdependence with the energy market, European unity, and improved governance in energy-producing countries. The present paper analyzes the complex energy relations between Russia and the European Union, which are at the same time involved in conflict and cooperation, in the Charter of "Asymmetric Interdependence". The purpose of this research is to discover and present the reasons for adopting a European Union collective strategy to provide sustainable and secure energy security. In order to achieve this purpose using a theoretical analysis, we identify the EU and Russia's sensitivity and vulnerability axes in terms of energy and the prospects for future interdependence in the forthcoming decades and ultimately conclude from the increasing trend that the symmetric interdependence on the issue of energy security between the two sides, neither party will be able to carry out their own security considerations without regard to the other party's security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - analysis of regime dependent effects of financial leverage on firms Financial Vulnerability
evaz kenarkoohi Sayed Yahya Abtahi hamid khajeh mahmoodabadi gholamreza askarzadehFinancial leverage is predicted as one of the main factors in dealing with the cause of firms' financial vulnerability. In this article, the effect of financial leverage on the financial vulnerability of firms has been studied by using the the regime-dependent approach MoreFinancial leverage is predicted as one of the main factors in dealing with the cause of firms' financial vulnerability. In this article, the effect of financial leverage on the financial vulnerability of firms has been studied by using the the regime-dependent approach through the estimation of a threshold model. The estimation results of a two-threshold model in a sample including data related to 145 non-financial and non-banking firms admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2010-2019 show that the effect of financial leverage on the vulnerability of firms has a vulnerability regime-dependent effects. Moreover, such an effect is even asymmetric because the negative effect of financial leverage on the vulnerability of firms in low vulnerability regimes is greater than their positive effect in high vulnerability regimes. Based on this, in using debt instruments in financing, it is necessary for firms to consider their initial situation in terms of financial vulnerability, because their financial health and performance in using financial leverage depends on the their vulnerability regime Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluating The Impact Of Oil dependence and Innovation On The Economic Resilience Using System Dynamics Approach
Farshad Momeni Momeni Hossein Mirzaei Azandaryani mehdi biglari kamiResilience of economy against internal and external shocks is an important concept that has been of interest to economists in the last decade. In this paper, we propose a model based on Schumpeter economic theory using system dynamics analysis approach and also discuss MoreResilience of economy against internal and external shocks is an important concept that has been of interest to economists in the last decade. In this paper, we propose a model based on Schumpeter economic theory using system dynamics analysis approach and also discuss on resilience and vulnerability of economy. Based on the proposed model, vulnerability of Iran’s economy and 5 other countries (i.e. Sweden, USA, Japan, South Korea and Indonesia) is forecasted for next 50 years. Major contributions of this paper can be explained in two aspects: first, the concept of economic resilience, that mostly expressed qualitatively, is explained quantitatively. Second, the concept of economic resilience and system dynamics are combined and the capability of studying different scenarios is provided. Five different scenarios are proposed in this paper and it is found that if the current level of innovation is double increased and decrease 50 percent Oil dependence, the vulnerability risk in Iran’s economy will decrease by 70 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Socio-cultural Drivers of Adaptations and Vulnerability to Climate Change: Lessons from Crop Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria
Ademola Adegoroye Tolulope Olubunmi-Ajayi Olayinka Oladosu Emmanuel OloruntobaThis study investigated the socio-cultural determinants of climate change adaptation and vulnerability among crop farmers in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling approach and the Delphi method, 150 respondents were selected from the three Sena MoreThis study investigated the socio-cultural determinants of climate change adaptation and vulnerability among crop farmers in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling approach and the Delphi method, 150 respondents were selected from the three Senatorial Zones. Primary data were sourced with the aid of a survey and oral interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the vulnerability index, Ordinal logistic regression, and Heckman probit regression. The findings revealed that the socio-cultural characteristics of respondents contributed to their vulnerability to climate change, as indicated by an average livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) of 0.33. Notably, factors such as water availability and adaptation practices exhibited higher vulnerability indices of 0.49 and 0.42, respectively. The overall LVI and LVI-IPCC averages were 0.35 and 0.02, respectively, highlighting the existence of vulnerability among farming households. The results of ordinal logistic regression revealed that age, marital status, education level, and income from agriculture were statistically significant factors determining the level of vulnerability to climate change in the study area. Consequently, the results of the Heckman two-step regression model revealed that age, marital status, household size, education, religion, belief, family structure, and community teamwork were the significant factors affecting the adaptation and vulnerability to climate change in the area. Policy should be geared towards improving the socio-cultural factors for sustainable livelihoods with an income diversification strategy by the government for crop farmers in order to cushion the effects of low income realized from farming activities in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Alexithymia and psychological and physical vulnerability
Mohamad Ali Besharat Marziyeh Masoodi Masood Gholamali LavasaniOne of the research goals in psychology approaches, is to understand the factors that contribute to vulnerability of people. Investigation and identification of psychological and physical vulnerability factors has created a new orientation in prevention, diagnosis and a MoreOne of the research goals in psychology approaches, is to understand the factors that contribute to vulnerability of people. Investigation and identification of psychological and physical vulnerability factors has created a new orientation in prevention, diagnosis and adoption of the treatment method. People might have special physical and psychological vulnerabilities that predispose them to mental and physical disorders. Alexithymia is one of the traumatic variables. This study aims to predict psychological and physical vulnerabilities based on alexithymia. In this study, the moderator role of gender and marriage is studied in the relationship between psychological and physical vulnerability with alexithymia. 206 men and 193 women from the general population of Tehran participated in this study. The participants completed the symptoms Check list and the 20-itemToronto alexithymia scale. The results indicated that alexithymia has significant difference with psychological vulnerability and physical vulnerability at p<0.01 level. Marriage, also has the role of moderator in the relationship between alexithymia and physical vulnerability. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that early detection of alexithymia, can help prevent physical and psychological damage. We can also manage and treat alexithymia in the context of intervention models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Families of Fuzzy Sets and Lattice Isomorphisms Preparation
John Mordeson Sunil MathewIn this paper, we discuss how theoretical results from one family of fuzzy sets can be carried over immediately to another family of fuzzy sets by the use of lattice isomorphisms. We also show that these families can occur naturally and that applications may not necessa MoreIn this paper, we discuss how theoretical results from one family of fuzzy sets can be carried over immediately to another family of fuzzy sets by the use of lattice isomorphisms. We also show that these families can occur naturally and that applications may not necessarily be carried over using these isomorphisms. We illustrate this using techniques from the study of human trafficking and its analysis using mathematics of uncertainty. We also consider the new definition of fuzzy set provided by Trillas and de Soto. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Risk Analysis, Risk Assessment and Creation of Damage Probability Model for Yasouj City in OpenQuake Software
Ali Sadeghi عبدالرضا سروقدمقدم فرشید فتحیThe populous country of Iran is geographically located in a region with very high seismicity, and there is a need for detailed analyzes of seismic risk and risk in it, especially for strategic demographic and industrial points in order to provide vital information for d MoreThe populous country of Iran is geographically located in a region with very high seismicity, and there is a need for detailed analyzes of seismic risk and risk in it, especially for strategic demographic and industrial points in order to provide vital information for decision making. It is inevitable for recipients to develop effective risk reduction measures. This article, by using accurate and up-to-date methods, recent information of the population and housing census, socio-economic data, for the first time, analyzes the seismic risk by considering various uncertainties for buildings with was done various structural systems in the city of Yasouj. Descriptive and quantitative information of buildings and active faults in the field of this city is implemented in GIS software and using the capabilities of OpenQuake software, risk probabilistic analysis and risk curves and design spectrum for the building of the field are performed. Research has been produced. Based on this, probabilistic risk analysis has been done by considering various uncertainties in OpenQuake software and seismic risk curves have been produced for four different levels of vulnerability. The quantitative analysis of building vulnerability in Yasouj City reveals that unreinforced masonry buildings exhibit the highest damage percentages across all severity levels, with 48.4%, 43.1%, 39.4%, and 33.5% for slight, moderate, extensive, and collapse damage, respectively. Low-quality steel buildings suffer the most damage after unreinforced masonry structures, emphasizing the urgent need for retrofitting. In contrast, moderate-quality steel and reinforced concrete buildings demonstrate favorable seismic damage assessments. The qualitative findings stress the importance of implementing a robust monitoring/control system for construction quality, anticipating a significant improvement in structural reliability during the exploitation period with average to high execution quality. The results show that in order to prevent high economic, social and human damages, it is very important to review the design of new resistant structures and retrofit existing buildings in the research area. Manuscript profile
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