List of articles (by subject) urban planning
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Open Access Article
1 - The explanation of Relation between Residential Satisfaction and renewal actions in Tehran city (Moghadam, Takhti, Hashemi Neighborhoods)
maliheh babakhaniDeteriorated urban textures are areas of a city isolated from developmental life cycle. They have turned into the focus of problems and inefficiencies. The evaluation of renewal actions claims to promote residents’ satisfaction in some cases. At the same time of i MoreDeteriorated urban textures are areas of a city isolated from developmental life cycle. They have turned into the focus of problems and inefficiencies. The evaluation of renewal actions claims to promote residents’ satisfaction in some cases. At the same time of improving objective and economic quality of life, there are claims regarding the lack of any improvements in their subjective quality of life. Above physical reforms, renewal actions in deteriorated textures should consider the issue of enhancing residents’ quality of life. Hence, besides considering physical aspects, renewal thoughts must also seek to provide and promote their quality of life and satisfaction. The Tehran Renewal Organization in 1388-92 years with the aim of achieving democratic renewal has tried to follow renewal actions with residents of the neighborhood and in keeping existing human and community development. This organization five activities defined: Social activities in order to identify the neighborhood for Awareness and Inform to the residents; Integration and renewal; Improve the quality of construction; Environmental sanitation and the definition of stimulus projects. The aim of this article is to explain the relationship between residential satisfaction of local residents with renewal actions of Tehran Renewal Organization. To do this, first, the aspects of residential satisfaction in deteriorated textures will be discussed. Then, the status of these aspects in renewal experiences will be reviewed. Accordingly, the aspects of achieving residential satisfaction in these fabrics are explained via deductive reasoning method. Based on historical research method, renewal experiences are studied regarding the aspects of residential satisfaction. Residential satisfaction in deteriorated fabrics is influenced by physical-environmental, services, socio-cultural, managerial, and economic aspects. According to aspects of the theoretical framework to examine this issue in renewal experiences 1388-92 years in Tehran. Three neighborhoods Hashemi in 10 district, Moghaddam in 17 district and Takhti in 12 district as selected samples in Tehran were selected based on The cluster analysis, k-means method. Target population are residents of neighborhoods that their homes renovated between 1388-92. then based on Cochran formula 325 questioner was determined to be distributed in the neighborhoods. Questionnaires were distributed and were filled through systematic method in neighborhoods. The data of the questionnaires analysis by statistical methods such as regression and factor analysis in Spss software. Based on outcome of Exploratory Factor Analysis seven factors (residential complex, social capital and environmental conditions residential neighborhood, The physical condition of housing units, Local Facilities and Services, Social-economic situation, Physical conditions of Neighborhood) defining as factors of residential satisfaction in these neighborhoods. The general characteristics of the residential complex, social capital and environmental conditions residential neighborhood residents account for a high percentage of residential' satisfaction. Based on renewal actions that done in these neiborhoods and results of regression analysis, Social activities, integration and renewal and environmental sanitation associate with residential' satisfaction. Activities in the field of improving the quality of construction and development stimulus projects although were defined in renewal activities but has not been considered in the following years and effectiveness of them on residential satisfaction cannot be investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Social and Economic Effects of Pedestrianization in Tehran From the standpoint of citizens (Case Study: 17 Shahrivar Pedestrian path)
رضا کانونی محمدتقی رضویانPedestrian paths or trails are allocated to change these residential spaces into a safe and pleasant place for walking. These areas which are mostly considered as bed and origin, play a central role in promoting social contacts, communication and interaction between cit MorePedestrian paths or trails are allocated to change these residential spaces into a safe and pleasant place for walking. These areas which are mostly considered as bed and origin, play a central role in promoting social contacts, communication and interaction between citizens. Definitions and indicators used in the study of the views of experts such as Jean Jacobs, Donald Aplyard, Coleman, Brian Goody and others have been used in this area. In addition to definitions and concepts discussed by theorists in the field, the experiences of different cities and countries in the Pedestrianization is also considered as part of the theoretical foundations of the study is devoted to. This study aims to examine the social and economic effects of 17 Shahrivar Pedestrian path in Tehran. To collect required information, documents, library and field studies have been used. In the present study, three types of questionnaires were designed for residents, pedestrians and workers of the 17 Shahrivar Pedestrian path which were analyzed after survey. The sample size of the resident, pedestrians, and working populations were 180790 and 1400000 people and 400 trading units, respectively. According to Cochran sample volume formula, respectively, 383, 384 and 196 questionnaires were computed and distributed using the cluster random sampling method. For final assessment of the reliability of the questionnaire in pre-test, Cronbach's alpha was used which was assessed as excellent for all three groups. Finally, for analysis of the questionnaire, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, single-T sample and Multiple regression tests were used. The findings of this research suggests that it is the intention of the social objectives of most people and tourism from this place and most people who refer to the location of the range around the closer Pedestrian path. The results show For all three groups that building Pedestrian path was negative in terms of social aspect, yet regarding the economic aspect, it had a positive effect. The significance level of the test for all components is smaller than zero, that is, the construction of the pedestrian on 17 Shahrivar has affected all the components of the social index. It is observed that the components of social interaction are at a high level because the average difference with the value of the test is greater than and larger than zero, that is, the construction of the pedestrian route on 17 Shahrivar in Tehran has increased the social interactions of all three groups of residents, pedestrians and employed people. In this way, the first part of the first hypothesis is assured with 95% confidence. In relation to the second hypothesis, the results of t-test for the economic index in the three groups of residents, pedestrians and employees indicate that the significance level of the test in each of the three groups is less than 0.05 and the difference between the mean and test value is zero It means that the construction of the 17 Shahrivar roadway in terms of all three groups did not improve the economic index. Therefore, the second hypothesis is rejected with 95% confidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Typology of Sustainable Urban Form and Urban Structure, With a view to Tehran
azadeh gharaei Esfandiar Zebardast Hamid MajediUrban form and spatial structure are important aspects for city surveying and its analysis. Literature review on the concepts of spatial structure, urban form, pattern of the city and etc. indicates variety and diversity of opinion in these areas. Some of the reasons fo MoreUrban form and spatial structure are important aspects for city surveying and its analysis. Literature review on the concepts of spatial structure, urban form, pattern of the city and etc. indicates variety and diversity of opinion in these areas. Some of the reasons for differences in the definition of these concepts as follows: the difference in scales and areas of research, different ways of words translating, different semantic content for similar indicators, view of planner or designer and etc. So the author is looking for detailed analysis and explanation of the concepts of urban form and urban spatial structure. we can find out that the urban spatial structure and urban form in some parts and some variables such as natural landscape, transport infrastructure, communication networks, spatial pattern of land use, morphology of housing, density and etc. have overlaps, but not completely overlapping or following. In other words, if we classify the definitions of these two concepts into three levels: the macro level (metropolitan areas), middle level (cities and regions) and micro levels (neighborhoods and neighborhoods units), at the middle level, the implications of these two concepts have overlaps, so in this scale, the two concepts cab be equated. However at the macro level, the components of urban spatial structure and at the micro level, the elements of urban form can be clearer to explain the issue. Although some researchers use urban spatial structure for micro scale or urban form for macro scale, but in this article, by analysis of comments of majority of experts, it has been argued that the concepts of urban form and urban spatial structure at the middle scale equally, the components of urban form at the micro scale and the elements and variables of urban spatial structure at the macro scale can repaint the nature of urban development issues with a more accurate method. On the other hand, urban form and spatial structure of the city are known as one of the most important sources of environmental, economic and social instability. There are many ways to achieve a sustainable future for urban and regional scales. In this research with an analytical view, the author want to identify how urban form and spatial structure affect Tehran sustainability. In this research, after collecting information and analyzing the spatial layers, using the K-Means Clustering Model and the softwares of GIS and Python, we classified the 22 districts of Tehran into six clusters based on the urban-form and urban spatial structure indicators in the middle scale. The similarities between the form and spatial structure indicators in each of these categories make such categorization and typology meaningful. Also we classified these districts into six clusters besed on the urban sustainability indexes by using K-Means Clustering Model The overlap of clustering in Tehran's districts based on the form and spatial structure indicators and on the basis of sustainability indicators, shows urban form and urban spatial structure factors affect sustainability directly. Determining the extent of this relationship will be important in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Sustainable Pathology of Urban Neighborhoods with an Emphasis on Social Harms (Case Study: District 1 of Tehran City)
Zahra Fattahi Ali Shamai Ali MovahedThe social pathology of urban neighborhoods is very important in the sustainability of the city. This research studies the sustainable pathology of urban neighborhoods in Region 1 of Tehran city with an emphasis on social harms. The main objective of the social patholog MoreThe social pathology of urban neighborhoods is very important in the sustainability of the city. This research studies the sustainable pathology of urban neighborhoods in Region 1 of Tehran city with an emphasis on social harms. The main objective of the social pathology and its spatial distribution at the neighborhoods level is to plan and manage how to control and reduce the social harms and make sustainable neighborhood development. Employing an exploratory analysis method, the present study is an applied research. The data has been collected through documentary and field studies. For analyzing the data, Super Decisions software and various tools have been used in Geographical Information System (GIS). The study area is the neighborhoods of Region 1 of Tehran municipality and the level of analysis is its 26 neighborhoods. The statistical sample consists of 30 experts in the field of urban planning and engineering, and 372 inhabitants of the 26 neighborhoods. These participants have been selected using Cochran Formula and random sampling. The findings of the study show that the neighborhoods of Region 1 of Tehran municipality are encountering growing social harms. Common social harms in this region are divorce, runaway girls, beggary, drug addiction, and seasonal workers. In terms of spatial distribution, mostly squares are densely populated, e.g., Tajrish Square. Among the 26 existing neighborhoods, Evin (rank 1), Zafarranieh (rank 2), and Imamzadeh Qasem (rank 3) Neighborhoods have respectively the most amounts of social harms while Araj, Hekmat, Deszashib, and Mahmoudieh Neighborhoods have the least amount of social harms. Any appropriate social interventions and supportive measures require comprehensive studies and studies on opportunities and threats, the strengths and weaknesses, the nature and causes of injuries and social issues at a smaller level, namely, neighborhoods. According to the results of this study, effective preventive measures can be taken to improve the planning and optimal management of the city of Tehran in the municipality of Tehran, with the full knowledge of the existing damage and its type, and by achieving appropriate strategies to reduce the damage to the neighborhood system. In the area of a Tehran municipality, in order to help improve urban planning and management through the identification and elimination of existing damage, it is possible to develop and improve these areas of the region in terms of the quality of life of citizens and minimize the damage. In terms of the indices of urban development infrastructures and facilities, significant differences are also observed between the neighborhoods of this region using Fuzzy Method, e.g., Tajrish Neighborhood has the first rank in sustainable development due to the availability of facilities and access to offices and industries and several other development indices. Bagh-e-Ferdows Neighborhood has the second rank, while Golab Darre and Mahallati Neighborhoods are at the bottom of this ranking. According to the results of this study, it is possible to improve the planning and optimal urban management in a Tehran municipality region with full knowledge of existing damage and their type. They have taken effective preventive measures and appropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Identifying and Analyzing the Effective Key Propulsion on the Formation of Creative Mid-Sized Cities (Case Study: Bonab City)
Ali Majnouni- ToutakhaneNowadays, creative cities are considered to be centers for innovation, creativity, and the transformation of ideas into wealth, and as cultural exchange centers and thinkers and advocates of different nations. Since the idea and innovation of the main competitive elemen MoreNowadays, creative cities are considered to be centers for innovation, creativity, and the transformation of ideas into wealth, and as cultural exchange centers and thinkers and advocates of different nations. Since the idea and innovation of the main competitive elements are in the age of globalization, having a creative city is the dream of any society. Widespread and rapid technological changes, globalization, climate change, local management, cultural production, immigration, etc. are among the issues that make it increasingly important and necessary to pay attention to the infrastructures of the creative city in all cities, from large cities to medium and small cities. Moreover, creative cities on various scales have been recognized as the guarantors of the comprehensive development of the country and preventing the factor of social injustice among citizens. Considering the importance of determining the key elements of the creative city in the scale of mid-sized cities, the present study identifies the key proponents of the formation of a creative city in mid-sized cities studied on Bonab city. this is an applied, analytic exploratory research, based on new methods of future study In the first stage of research and in order to extract research variables, invent from 98 experts with different specializations and related to urban issues, using a pilot approach was used. Questionnaires and interviews were used as survey method tools. In the second stage, for information analysis and study and analyze the degree of cross-effects of extracted variables from the first stage of research, 40 available urban experts were used. To analyze the data, we use the combination methods of expert’s panel, cross-impact analysis, and MICMAC software. The results of the study showed that the degree of filling of the cross-sectional matrix is 65.21%, which indicates that the selected factors have a high correlation and affect each other and the system has been in a state of instability. Based on the results of MICMAC software, the 14 key propulsion have the most direct and indirect impact on Bonab city creativity, of which there are six proponents of the creative class and three proponents of creativity infrastructure. It will have the greatest impact on the location of the infrastructure of the city of Bonab on the way to a creative mid-sized city. In other words, the state of city creativity in the mid-sized city of Bonab is more influenced by the class of scientific citizens, as well as research and development organizations such as academic centers. These 14 propulsion include the performance of service providers, physicians, lawmakers, and senior people, distribution of urban services, population, bachelor's degree, technicians, number of research and development units, awareness of citizenship rights, number of researchers of research and development units, Specialists and number of universities. Finally, according to the findings of the research and emphasizing the creative class and creative city infrastructure in the mid-sized cities, practical proposals have been presented in the field of implementation of creative mid-sized cities. Finally, practical suggestions have been made to improve the status of the creative city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Prioritizing Tourist Attractions in Historically Regenerated Areas (Case Study: Zandieh Historical Complex in Shiraz)
Seyed Kamal Aldin Shahriari Ali Karimzadeh Shahrzad ShahriariRecognizing tourist attractions and capabilities with the aim of urban development and promotion of the presence of tourists is of high importance. Tourism-led urban regeneration can be considered as the main urban regeneration approach in the last two decades. Tourism MoreRecognizing tourist attractions and capabilities with the aim of urban development and promotion of the presence of tourists is of high importance. Tourism-led urban regeneration can be considered as the main urban regeneration approach in the last two decades. Tourism in a strategic position and with the goal of achieving an economic and booming mechanism that can include urban development goals and draw a different face for the city. Tourism-led urban regeneration, by developing basic concepts such as innovative economic issues, finds that the inner context and central core of the cities can confidently benefit from the effects of urban tourism and its beneficial features in the regeneration process. This approach respects the traditional framework and adds new structures to these combinations in accordance with those frameworks. In this way, it represents a content and function with a superstructure of cultural and social issues, and an infrastructure of a fully economic and productive mechanism. Such a perspective brings about a kind of convergence in the purpose and means of urban regeneration. The lack of sufficient research in this regard has caused Iran not to have appropriate design and organization, in spite of the existence of indoor historical sites and urban tourist attractions. As noted earlier, there is little research on tourism-led urban regeneration in Iran. In addition, the frameworks proposed for studying urban tourism have more considered the concepts and methodology of urban tourism. In this way, it is necessary to carry out applied research to study urban tourism in order to explore the principles and criteria for urban regeneration. This research tries to fill this gap and focus on urban tourism by defining the different dimensions of urban regeneration as well as providing a set of principles and criteria appropriate for the urban space and testing them in Zandieh historical complex in Shiraz. The purpose of this research is to identify the tourist attractions in historically regenerated areas. First, a content analysis has been conducted to identify the principles of tourism-based regeneration, and the literature has been reviewed for various definitions, views and theories provided by scholars. Second, using the field method, tourism-led urban regeneration criteria have been verified through urban tourists’ questionnaire in Zandieh regenerated historical complex in Shiraz. The statistical population of the urban tourists in Shiraz city was 4,720,000 people in 1394. Using the Cochran formula, it is found that the sample size included 384/124 people. Therefore, the population of tourists was estimated to be 385 people. In order to increase the accuracy and reduce the functional error, 400 questionnaires were distributed among the tourists. It should be noted that the sampling method in this study was cluster sampling. The urban tourists’ questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS software and Friedman test. The findings revealed that the historical and memorable capabilities are at the first place and the cultural, recreational and environmental capabilities are at the second to fourth place of the prioritizing list. This is a good guide for tourism-led urban regeneration planning in Zandieh historical complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Specify the Vitality of University Students with Regard to the Environment
Marjan KhanmohamadiOne of the main components in designing education setting is vitality and cheer, because the lack of vitality in this setting helps to increase abnormal behaviors. Access to such an aspect, involves qualitative and quantative improvement of environment. Environment, MoreOne of the main components in designing education setting is vitality and cheer, because the lack of vitality in this setting helps to increase abnormal behaviors. Access to such an aspect, involves qualitative and quantative improvement of environment. Environment, is a bed for formation of many behavioral aspects. On the other hand, many feelings, habits, tastes, and even the manner of viewpoints and behaviors are effected by environment wonderfully at same reason, many of knowledgeable people, define environment as an university that each person according to fields and talents can learn many things from it and is effected by it. Such as an university that one never graduates from it. Since, human’s continues interactions with together and with environmental resources and pattern of learners- centered, shape the extract of educational systems in today and next world, it is believed that new approaches involve movement teamwork, dynamics and vitality money students. Therefore, defining needs and how organizing a bed for learning, has a particular importance thus, this research aims to improve student’s joy and firstly, considers the factor of increasing vitality quality in a educational setting and according to the attention of knowledgeable people in the field and analysis of current document and the analyses the model of vitality in the sample Amir Kabir university of Arak by question air, and considers the preference of action according to the effect of all factors by Lizrell software. And therefore it gets the model of defining and determining goy in this university according to priority and delay of needed steps. One of the main components in designing education setting is vitality and cheer, because the lack of vitality in this setting helps to increase abnormal behaviors. Access to such an aspect, involves qualitative and quantative improvement of environment. Environment, is a bed for formation of many behavioral aspects. On the other hand, many feelings, habits, tastes, and even the manner of viewpoints and behaviors are effected by environment wonderfully at same reason, many of knowledgeable people, define environment as an university that each person according to fields and talents can learn many things from it and is effected by it. Such as an university that one never graduates from it. Since, human’s continues interactions with together and with environmental resources and pattern of learners- centered, shape the extract of educational systems in today and next world, it is believed that new approaches involve movement teamwork, dynamics and vitality money students. Therefore, defining needs and how organizing a bed for learning, has a particular importance thus, this research aims to improve student’s joy and firstly, considers the factor of increasing vitality quality in a educational setting and according to the attention of knowledgeable people in the field and analysis of current document and the analyses the model of vitality in the sample Amir Kabir university of Arak by question air, and considers the preference of action according to the effect of all factors by Lizrell software. And therefore it gets the model of defining Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Assessment of urban resilience dimensions,with using the method average total distances of optimal limites(research on municipality 9 of Mashhad)
Hamid Ahmadzadeh kermani Bahram Aminzadeh GoharriziCities as the most complex human-made manifestations face a wide range of risks due to a wide range of hazards and multiple vulnerabilities.Natural disasters have always been a major challenge in achieving sustainable development of human societies. As a result, ways to MoreCities as the most complex human-made manifestations face a wide range of risks due to a wide range of hazards and multiple vulnerabilities.Natural disasters have always been a major challenge in achieving sustainable development of human societies. As a result, ways to achieve this development have become necessary through vulnerability reduction models. Today, disaster management and sustainable development perspectives and perspectives seek to create resilient societies against natural hazards. Hence, according to many researchers, resilience is one of the most important issues for achieving sustainability. Resilience is a way to strengthen societies by using its capacities, and different definitions, approaches, indicators, and measurement models have been developed. The view that has existed in disaster management and urban management has long been the focus of coping and mitigation. In the meantime, the concept of resilience is a new concept that is used more in the face of unknowns and uncertainties. It can be said that the domain of literature on hazards and disruptions has changed in a paradigm shift from (hazard assessment) to (vulnerability analysis). It can be understood that the system can absorb and manage risks ). The framework for the Hyogo plan was approved by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) on January 22, 2005, which is a positive move in this regard. This research is aimed at: the attempt to explain the components and characteristics of resilient constructivism and to determine the contribution of factors affecting the resilience strengthening, Emphasis on recognition of different levels of resilience of individuals and groups of society, efforts to provide solutions to reduce the natural disasters of earthquakes in urban areas.Considering the study and explanation of the relationship between urban community resilience to reduce the effects of natural disasters, especially earthquakes, in order to better understand the resilience dimensions and strategies for risk reduction policies, the four dimensions of the resiliency approach have been investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze Indicators and resiliency measures, explanation of different models of resilient measurements, survey of resilience of Mashhad 9th district in accordance with selected indicators in resiliency. 9 area of Mashhad municipality in terms of accumulation of main branch faults Mashhad is of high importance in terms of crisis. Therefore, after analyzing the indices in the field of resonance and measuring these indices in the region and comparing them with the optimum level, the numerical value of the area's resilience was calculated using the average distance of the optimal range. In this The three dimensions of social, economic, and spatial dimensions were studied and the numerical values of the IIF, DSF and URF indices were calculated. Finally, the numerical value of the resilience of the area was 0.89, which shows a rather resilient state. Given the degree of resilience The weaknesses in the area were studied in the indexes and crisis in the economic dimension was strongly observed. At the end, suggestions are also given to maintain and improve desirable indicators and to improve desirable indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation the success of the urban growth boundary comprehensive plans in Containment the growth of metropolitan Tehran
DAVOD AZIZI Aliakbar Taghvaee Meysam Adineloo fardIndustrial Revolution and subsequent developments were led to the revolution in urbanization in the second half of the nineteenth century and the revolution changed human settlement in other cities and resulted in unprecedented expansion of cities. This was an epidemic MoreIndustrial Revolution and subsequent developments were led to the revolution in urbanization in the second half of the nineteenth century and the revolution changed human settlement in other cities and resulted in unprecedented expansion of cities. This was an epidemic phenomenon that Iran would not be safe from it. In order to deal with the development and distribution of the city in Iran from mid-century imitation of the western planned systems, comprehensive plans that have in their hearts policies to control and limit urban growth were used. In the form of the comprehensive plans have been accomplished policies of the Green Belt to determine the physical limits of the city (urban growth boundary). After more than four decades, providing the first comprehensive plans for cities and for urban growth boundary, yet comprehensive and accurate assessment has not been made from success and effectiveness of the urban growth inhibition tools. Those factors caused we executed this research and in this research has been selected Tehran metropolis as study sample. After that, this study sample has been investigated in order to assess the measure of success and effectiveness of the urban growth boundary. In this research has been used qualitative research method. Research indicator has been derived from the theoretical foundations and satellite images and Envi 4.8 software has been used to verify adaptation comprehensive plan of urban growth boundary and the real border. The main findings of this research are follows: Urban growth boundary that has been determined in comprehensive plan 1371 not effectively control urban development. In the period 1371-1386, a large part of the new development outside of the urban growth boundary has been located. When the ability of urban growth boundary control by using of growth boundary inhibition was measured, the results were shown that the value of this indicator is 0/15 percent and the result means that urban growth boundary of comprehensive plan has no ability in limit of urban growth of Tehran metropolis. Size scope of the urban growth boundary specified in the comprehensive plan that has been determined in 1371 had been appropriate and had been more than the necessary amount. Thus, the failure of the urban growth boundary in respect to evolutions and developments in outside of the East Tehran metropolis and thrown out in the southern part is clear. Size scope of the urban growth boundary specified in the comprehensive plan that has been determined in 1371 had been appropriate and had been more than the necessary amount. Thus, the failure of the urban growth boundary in respect to evolutions and developments in outside of the East Tehran metropolis and thrown out in the southern part is clear. Size scope of the urban growth boundary specified in the comprehensive plan that has been determined in 1371 had been appropriate and had been more than the necessary amount. Thus, the failure of the urban growth boundary in respect to evolutions and developments in outside of the East Tehran metropolis and thrown out in the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the Impact of Piranshahr City Business Role on City Development Strategy Indicators
محمد رحیم رهنما leili ebrahimiIn response to uncertain future conditions, managerial inefficient and reduction quality of life in cities, since 1999 was proposed a new approach in the literature of planning under title city development s trategy by the Cities Alliance with s trategic natur MoreIn response to uncertain future conditions, managerial inefficient and reduction quality of life in cities, since 1999 was proposed a new approach in the literature of planning under title city development s trategy by the Cities Alliance with s trategic nature and to help to create of democracy, decision-making and life improvement. City developments trategy (CDS) is an action plan for balanced development in cities. City development s trategy is defined based on the characteris tics of each city and is evaluated and through its output and it should change the current performance and trend toward optimal conditions. Therefore the purpose of this paper is analyzing the city development s trategy indicators andmeasure of the effectiveness rate of city role on them in order to unders tand current trends and performance Piranshahr city in connection with mentioned factors. The required data were collected using ques tionnaires. The s tatis tical population in this s tudy consis ted of three groups: urban managers, citizens and urban elites. In the group of urban managers, experts and people familiar with urban issues, 50 people and in the urban elite group, 50 were selected as samples. In the group of citizens, also according to the population of the city is 69049 people, using the Cochran formula, the sample size determined and 382 citizens selected and participated in completing the ques tionnaires. At firs tby using the relevant theoretical literature, as well as on the empirical s tudies related to the city development s trategy, four dimensions selected for city development s trategy and finally were selected 56 items. To assess of two dimension indicators of livability, 15 items, to assess three dimensions of competitiveness indicator, 11 items and to assess good urban governance indicators with four indicators, 13 items and Also tow dimension of bankability indicators 16 items were selected and respondents were asked to rate Piranshahr city on each of items on a 5-point Likert scale where 1=Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. Data analysis was done by s tructural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSSand SmartPLS softwares. The reliability of the ques tionnaire is confirmed by using an internal consis tency coefficient of alpha for all variables. Following Verification of the appropriate validity of ques tionnaire by using confirmatory factor analysis, s tructural equation technique with method partial leas t squares was applied to s tudy the relationship between variables. The results of s tructural equations showed that the business role of Piranshahr city has a positive impact on four dimensions of city development s trategy. The Livability with 0.798 s tandard coefficients and the Competitivenesswith 0.325 s tandard coefficients respectively have accepted impact highes t and impact from the role of city. Improving the quality of CDS indicators is effective s tep in order to achieve sus tainable development. The s tudy showed the role that city plays can have a positive impact on city development s trategy indices. Accordingly, attention to the position,city role and the opportunities that have each city, and codification and development of s trategies of appropriate tailored to these the positions and the opportunities can be an effective s tep to further improving these indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Explaining the process of merging villages to cities in warm and dry climate of Iran
Mohammad Mehdi Azizi Esfandiar Zebardast Reza AkbariIn recent decades, urban exogenous development has led to unilateral but multidimensional movement in the physical, social, cultural and economic fields to the surrounding villages which forms the merger and encounter of urban-rural systems and creates pre-urbanization. MoreIn recent decades, urban exogenous development has led to unilateral but multidimensional movement in the physical, social, cultural and economic fields to the surrounding villages which forms the merger and encounter of urban-rural systems and creates pre-urbanization. In this process, the villages in pre-urban interface gradually adopt urban features and merge into it insofar are known as a part of the city. The merging villages to city in warm and dry climate regions has occurred frequently due to the proximity of villages to the city through shared traditional water networks in Iran (Qanat) and created different types of urban-rural areas in the cities. To answer this question that what steps are being taken in the process of merging villages to city, the general process of merging villages to city has formulated in this research. This process is based on the three stages including " start merging "(Creating transformation and transition areas between the city and villages), " degree of merging " (Complete, slow and incomplete transmutation) and " merging effects ". This process is elaborated in case studies include Yazd, Kerman and Kashan (selecting middle cities in warm and dry climates among a plurality of samples) and Ultimately, a special process of merging villages to city in warm and dry climate cities is produced. To convert the general process of merging into specific one in a warm and dry climate, the first step is typology of variety urban-rural areas and recognizing specific features of any one. Accordingly, in case studies analysis and evaluation, three urban- rural species including urban type (with dominant urban characteristics), urban-rural type (with both rural and urban characteristics) and rural type (with dominant rural characteristics) are achieved by using the cluster analysis and k- means method based on three factors. These factors are “physical oriented", " community oriented " and "natural oriented ". The results of the general process of merging analysis indicate that the degree of merging villages in the city (second step of the merging process) is determined Based on "rural location in the city", "type of development" and the mutual relationship between "population density", "area" and "construction density". It also shows that Environmental inequalities are formed in the first step, where Created a transition area that has directly proportional to the distance from the city and established push-pull forces based on the exchange, interaction and contrast forces between the city and villages, and in the second step, degree of merging villages in the city, fixed by battle of pull-push forces. Finally, by presenting a special process of merging villages in the cities of warm and dry climate, the level of environmental inequalities in types is presented. Study of the process of merging villages to the city is a new and effective action to achieving the root causes of inequalities and planning for them, which ultimately can provide a well-defined framework for investigation and analyzing past, existing and future rural-urban trends in the city in order to develop them more sustainable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Utilize the Concept of Urban Breathing Spaces in Neighborhoods with Emphasis on the Environmental Dimension (Case s tudy: Comparative Comparison of Bolaghi Neighborhood and Janbazan Neighborhood in Qazvin City)
Rana Shirmohammadianzade Seyed Mohammadreza KhatibiThe lack of breathing space in neighborhoods, due to the congestion caused by the increasing urbanization of cities, has necessitated the use of new approaches to address this shortage. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the concept of breathing spaces that are small MoreThe lack of breathing space in neighborhoods, due to the congestion caused by the increasing urbanization of cities, has necessitated the use of new approaches to address this shortage. Therefore, this study aims to utilize the concept of breathing spaces that are small and open-green spaces in compact cities texture with an emphasis on the environmental dimension. In this study, the criteria for the creation of breathing spaces in different fabrics and their effects on the quality of life of the neighborhoods are determined by using the consensus of experts and the Delphi method and then ranked by the AHP method. Finally, the criteria studied in two neighborhoods with different characteristics. It concluded, the criteria obtained from the research have a direct effect on the quality of life criteria in the neighborhoods. This is because of the nature of these spaces, their implementation in compact fabrics and rehabilitation's need and renovation is more applicable by adopting appropriate policies.In this paper, based on the mentioned methods, four criteria and eight sub-criteria were selected to achieve the research goal and to answer this challenge and then ranked by using the AHP method. According to the results, the criteria were prioritized into four sections. 1. Land use with vegetation criterion has two sub-criteria: greenspaces and green levels. 2. Wastelands and open spaces criterion have two sub-criteria: natural and human production. 3. Environmental criterion has two sub-criteria: Biological and physical. 4. Localscale criterion has two sub-criteria: socio-cultural and functional-operational. Sub-criteria were prioritized: greenspace, natural of open space, green levels, and biological characteristics of the environment, human production of open space, socio-cultural characteristics of the local scale, physical characteristics of the environment and functional-operational characteristics of the local scale. Then, to better understand the subject under study and to evaluate the criteria obtained from different research methods, selected two neighborhoods of Qazvin city as samples of this research. One of them is Bolaghi, which is the old neighborhood. Another is the new one that called Janbazan. They were compared by matching. Finally, the criteria were studied in two neighborhoods with different characteristics historical and modern neighborhoods. The results of the survey of the neighborhoods based on the criteria and sub-criteria indicate that none of them has enough open spaces and wastelands and land use with vegetation. Regarding environmental criteria, it can be said that the physical sub-criterion of Janbazan neighborhood is better than the Bolaghi neighborhood because the fabric of the Janbazan neighborhood is planned. In general, little attention has been paid to this criterion and its sub-criteria in both neighborhoods. The only difference between the two neighborhoods is the social-cultural aspect at the local scale criterion. This is because the original inhabitants of the Bolaghi neighborhood have a greater sense of belonging and social interaction than the Janbazan neighborhood. Therefore, it is necessary to create breathing spaces in these neighborhoods to improve their qualification. Furthermore, these spaces are effective in reducing a variety of contaminants and natural hazards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Spatial Distribution of Community Disaster Resilience in Tehran Metropolis
Elnaz Baghernejhad Mohammadmahdi Azizi Different models of disaster resilience have been conducted to evaluate or promote resilience of cities prone to disasters. By considering resilience as a set of adaptive capacities, pre-event capacities influence resilience. Therefor providing a meth More Different models of disaster resilience have been conducted to evaluate or promote resilience of cities prone to disasters. By considering resilience as a set of adaptive capacities, pre-event capacities influence resilience. Therefor providing a methodology and a set of indicators to measure the present conditions influencing disaster resilience within communities is the focal argument in assessment of resilience to natural hazards. As the resilience has different dimensions, one of the quantitative approaches to measure city disaster resilience is to construct a composite index. The composite index, which encompasses a set of resilience indicators, can help in resilience quantitative evaluation, comparison between geographic units in terms of resilience, and elucidate resilience spatial distribution or assess resilience in a specific place in different periods of time. Tehran Metropolis, the capital of Iran, is located at the southern foot of Alborz Mountains, and surrounded by several fault lines. High vulnerability to disasters of Tehran Metropolis as well as the increasing population and the accumulation of resources in the capital highlight the importance of assessing the disaster resilience of this city in order to take appropriate measures to compensate for the shortcomings before the natural events occur. Based on the context represented here, the main objective of this study is to construct a composite indicator for evaluating inherent community disaster resilience for Tehran metropolis. In this regard, a set of resilient indicators extracted from three evaluation models -Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), Community Resilience Index (CRI) and Community Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) -were used to evaluate and construct a resilient composite index for Tehran metropolis. Taking into consideration indicators’ feasibility, operation-ability as well as data-accessibility, 34 of the 143 identified indicators from the three models were selected at the neighborhood level (for the 368 neighborhoods of the City). By using exploratory factor analysis, the inherent resilience dimensions are shown in five social, infrastructure, economic performance, community-neighborhood relations and community-participatory domains. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure was 0.785, indicating that the correlation between the data is suitable for factor analysis and the cumulative variance of 5 factors explain 71.687 percent of the data variance. The spatial distribution of composite disaster resilience and its dimensions in Tehran metropolis indicate that the western and southwestern neighborhoods of the city have the least inherent resilience. The northern and central neighborhoods are in a better position than the southern neighborhoods in terms of resilience. Among the resilience dimensions, the infrastructure dimension has had the most negative impact on the neighborhoods with an adverse resilience situation. To conclude, the quantitative disaster resilience evaluation provides a clear picture of the status quo. Therefore, by assessing resilience in different geographic units, it is possible to compare and identify differences between areas, reduce shortcomings, and take advantage of opportunities. Besides, by measuring the resilience in different periods of time, one can understand any increase or decrease in resilience of a place and improve this quality before the events, especially in cities with high population density and prone to earthquakes like Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the Relationship Structure of Knowledge-based Urban Development Stakeholders In Isfahan Using Social Network Analysis
Mostafa Dehghani Gholamreza Haghighat Naeini, , Esfandiar ZebardastToday, cities are the center of development and the place of production and sharing of knowledge and play a fundamental role in knowledge-based development (KBD). However, due to the novelty of the knowledge-based Urban Development (KBUD) Studies and the lack of systema MoreToday, cities are the center of development and the place of production and sharing of knowledge and play a fundamental role in knowledge-based development (KBD). However, due to the novelty of the knowledge-based Urban Development (KBUD) Studies and the lack of systematic development of its theoretical foundations, There have not been many reports of the success or failure of KBUD policies and the challenges they face in cities in developing countries. However, in order to create an integrated interaction between urban resources and stakeholders, good governance and strong political leadership, scientific and technological pioneers are needed to address the weakness of institutional arrangements and the inadequacy of governance tools. indeed, given the need for local government political will and support for increased organizational cooperation with civil society and citizens, for the KBUD stakeholders who have both the power and motivation and sufficient interest to establish and promote KBUD And it is necessary to reduce the barriers to their participation. Therefore, strengthening stakeholder trust and participation is an appropriate tool to move towards KBUD, and KBUD analysis of key stakeholder relations networks is an important and effective first step in this regard. Therefore, the present study aims to expand the participation of local stakeholders and strengthen trust and interaction between them to create institutional changes responsive to KBUD Isfahan, by analyzing communication networks, trust and participation of key stakeholders KBUD Isfahan using social network analysis method (SNA), identify and analyze the pattern of trust and participation of stakeholders that is the basis for the sharing of knowledge between them. The general strategy of the research is a case study with a pragmatic paradigm orientation and is descriptive-exploratory in terms of operational purpose. The results show that despite the great importance of the political will of the local government and its comprehensive support for the expansion of organizational cooperation with civil society and citizens in the global experience of forming KBUD, The main stakeholders who play a key role in promoting and guiding the KBUD and involvement of other stakeholders are usually the city council, the municipality, and other local non-governmental organizations and centers. This reflects the active and progressive civil society in these cities. While in Isfahan, despite the significant role of the city council and municipality, most of the main and central stakeholders of KBUD, such as the Governorate, Management and Planning Organization, Road and Urban Development Organization, government organizations with a governing role. This indicates the nature of centralized government, the power and superior resources of the government over other actors in society and the weakness of network governance, as well as the difficulty of forming the bottom-up process of creating KBUD in Isfahan. Under these circumstances, those in power in the network may organize resources to their advantage and, by controlling the public discourse of the network, provide grounds for excluding or marginalizing the weak actors of the network. Of course, it should be noted that the government plays a pivotal role in the process of knowledge-based urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Assessing the realization rate of the components of human-centered approach in old and new urban neighborhoods (Case study: Nasar and Eram neighborhoods of Semnan)
Aliakbar Salaripour benyamin hasanzadeh baghi sahar nazariThe existence of cities and, on a smaller scale, urban neighborhoods has been a human achievement and a product of human needs throughout history. Neighborhood is a place where the experience of life should be formed and appropriate spaces and physical environment are p MoreThe existence of cities and, on a smaller scale, urban neighborhoods has been a human achievement and a product of human needs throughout history. Neighborhood is a place where the experience of life should be formed and appropriate spaces and physical environment are prerequisites for the formation of such an experience. But the occurrence of events such as the Industrial Revolution, the penetration of modern thinking, the use of automotive planning instead of human-centered planning and the lack of attention of urban management to old neighborhoods and endogenous development and also due to disregard for human needs in neighborhoods, especially in Old neighborhoods that are very vulnerable have changed the attitude of residents towards their neighborhoods. Today, by creating approaches such as "human-centered neighborhood" or "human-centered urban planning", efforts have been made to create neighborhoods for human life with all human characteristics.This research is descriptive-analytical and based on quantitative methods and distribution of questionnaires among citizens, it has been done to evaluate the implementation of human-centered approach components in Nasar and Eram neighborhoods of Semnan as old and new urban neighborhoods. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the level of the two neighborhoods in the level of realization of the components of the human-centered approach. So that in Eram neighborhood, the level of residents' satisfaction is more desirable than Nassar neighborhood and Eram neighborhood is a more human-centered neighborhood than Nassar neighborhood, and this result is contrary to public perception. However, despite the disregard for physical and environmental qualities in such neighborhoods and the lack of proper planning to solve the problems of its residents, some components and indicators of human-centered approach in the old neighborhoods have been reduced. Assessing the level of human-centered approach indicators in the study areas, shows that in the old neighborhood of Nasar, the indicators of "social solidarity" and "safety against hazards" were ranked highest and lowest, respectively. In the new neighborhood of Eram, the index of "environmental cleanliness" was ranked first and the index of "suitable green space" was ranked last. The structural model of the research path using the PLS technique shows that the "security and safety" component has the greatest impact on the realization of the human-centered approach.According to the research results, it can be said that contrary to the existing mentality that the old neighborhoods are more human-centered and respond to the needs of its residents. However, due to problems such as physical exhaustion, lack of safety against dangers, etc., in addition to creating dissatisfaction among the residents of the old neighborhoods, it has damaged the identity and position of the traditional Iranian neighborhood as a human-centered neighborhood. Therefore, in order to improve the position of neighborhoods in cities and humanize them, a kind of balance and proportion in facilities, services, etc. should be created in neighborhoods with logical and flexible planning. In the end, solutions were presented to return the components of the human-centered approach and improve the situation of Nasar neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Examining the Effect of Geometric index of Street (Orientation, H/W) on Solar Radiation Absorption of Urban Housings in Cold Climate Hamedan
Hojjat GhiasvandThis study examines the effect of geometrical indices of a street (Orientation and H/W) on the buildings` direct solar access on an urban scale, which its results can be used by urban planners in designing new neighbourhoods and redeveloping old ones in developing citie MoreThis study examines the effect of geometrical indices of a street (Orientation and H/W) on the buildings` direct solar access on an urban scale, which its results can be used by urban planners in designing new neighbourhoods and redeveloping old ones in developing cities. In cold climates, the access of buildings to sunlight due to the street geometry index is necessary to reduce the heating load and affects the thermal performance of buildings. This index (height to width ratio (H/W) and orientation) directly affects the absorption and emission of urban sunlight and changes in them can affect the amount of solar radiation absorption of the building.This study aims to investigate the amount of the buildings` solar has gained in the cold climate of Hamedan. The research method is quantitative and based on numerical data of simulating solar radiation and the geometry of the urban texture of Hamedan. Data analysis was conducted by statistical analysis of box diagram, correlation coefficient, and reference model. First, to examine the effect of street width index, fixed height, and variable street width (6 to 36 meters) and then to examine the height index, fixed street width and variable height (3 to 9 floors) were considered in the modelling. The findings reveal that east-west oriented buildings have the highest solar gain of 17.9% in the winter, and nearly 60% of the streets in the new urban texture of Hamedan are placed in the non-optimal orientation.The average solar gain in northern blocks is more than in southern blocks and streets; with a lower H/W index this gain increases indicating a reverse and intensive correlation. Index H/W compared to orientation has the greatest effect on a solar gain on the building located alongside streets. In shallow geometrical valleys, the temperature from radiation is higher than in deep valleys and as the H/W index rises, i.e., as the street becomes narrower, the direct solar gain decreases. In southern blocks, due to a deep valley in the yard, most of the south façade of a building in the winter is always in the shade of building volumes and absorbs little solar radiation. In this state, the greatest amount of absorption is reflective and scattered. Therefore, increasing the depth of the yard in these blocks to absorb more sunlight was studied in our recommended pattern. From the measured indices in this study, the H/W index has the greatest impact on solar gain for buildings located alongside streets. This index has a 123% higher influence compared to the orientation index on absorbing radiation and is of more importance. In Hamedan, regarding the H/W index, a twelve-meter street has the least absorption, thirty-five-meter, and seventy-five-meter streets have the most absorption in the winter. In our recommended patter, increasing the depth of the yard and using vertical shades for windows leads to a 2.7% and 25.8% rise in solar gain for northern and southern blocks, respectively. This pattern reduces 11.7% and 4.94% of absorption for the mentioned blocks in the summer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Pathology of Arak urban development from the perspective of structural, contextual and behavioral injuries
Maryam Khanmohammadi Farzad Navabakhsh Faranak Seyedi Jila Mashhadi Maryam TooskiIn recent decades, the subject of urban development has gradually developed into a modern and dominant paradigm in the theoretical and academic literature on urban development and planning. Although it has been seen through different perceptions and interpretations, the MoreIn recent decades, the subject of urban development has gradually developed into a modern and dominant paradigm in the theoretical and academic literature on urban development and planning. Although it has been seen through different perceptions and interpretations, the paradigm generally emphasizes the sustainability and persistence of development for all and future generations. This development requires multilateral consideration of intricate dimensions of economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental issues on different scales. The literature results show that the physical development of Arak, as a metropolitan city in the middle part of Iran and close to the capital, is in an undesirable and unsustainable state. This unsustainability attracted attention to issues such as the land-use change from agricultural to residential, environmental destructions, traffic, urban furniture, slums, etc. Accordingly, the present research aimed at studying pathologically Arak urban development from the standpoints of structural, contextual, and behavioral damages. It also considered the points of view of Arak's residents. The residents' points of view were considered because of their familiarity with the issues of their city's urban development, and considering their experiences is a valuable act because it results in increased social capital and social participation. This is an applied and explorative research regarding its objective and method, respectively. The statistical population of the research was 384 persons, which included all Arak's residents 18 years old or older who were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling, which was done according to the upper limit in Morgan's table. Affirmative factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The research model estimation was done and confirmed using Lisrel software. To assess the research model fitness, different indices were used, such as Chi-square of the degree of freedom, characteristic roots statistics, mean square error, P-Value, and CFI. Indices' values and comparing them with a fitted model showed the proper fitness of the structural model. The factors were ranked based on factor loading, and the conceptual model of urban development damages was presented in three groups structural, contextual, and behavioral. The model showed that structural damages included inability in providing income resources, the existing organizational chart, and lack of a clear organizational mission and objectives; The contextual damages included lack of citizens' participation in urban management and neglecting the costumers' opinions. Behavioral damages included lack of supervising the staff's performance, the influence of organizational culture on the staff's performance, lack of consciousness and knowledge among the staff, and lack of recognition of working standards.Accordingly, the citizens' opinions and prioritizing in removing urban development damages can be considered in Arak's urban development policymaking, which in turn will result in increased participation of the citizens in urban development projects and decreased urban development expenditures, increased social trust in the citizens and turn increased social order, increased social dynamics, increased social relationships in urban neighborhoods and among the citizens, this produces some benefits such as increased capabilities and skills of the citizens in solving problems all of which will result in more social protection for the citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Social and cultural challenges of managing vulnerable urban textures (Case study: Hasir Foroushan neighborhood from the old texture of Babol)
Seyyed Mohsen Habibi Maria Hosseinzadeh Foumashi Cities as the biological context of human societies, like other living beings, experience obsolescence, a key factor of the vulnerability of cities over time; and this phenomenon is natural and inevitable. Therefore, vulnerability is an inevitable phenomen More Cities as the biological context of human societies, like other living beings, experience obsolescence, a key factor of the vulnerability of cities over time; and this phenomenon is natural and inevitable. Therefore, vulnerability is an inevitable phenomenon occurring in all urban textures; and leads to social, economic and physical decline in the urban context; and in total, decline in urban life. In Iran, vulnerability is occurring in cities with much more speed and intensity; and therefore, in recent decades, considering vulnerable urban textures by preparing management projects and plans has been carried out. But less attention to social and cultural dimensions is an obstacle to the fulfillment of these plans. As a result, vulnerability continues to appear in urban textures. Therefore, addressing the social and cultural challenges of managing vulnerable urban textures, is crucial; because managing vulnerability, to high extent, depends on the will and demand of the local community. Thus, this study aims to identify and analyze the social and cultural challenges in managing vulnerable urban textures. In order to achieve this goal, Hasir Foroushan neighborhood from the old and vulnerable texture of the city of Babol is chosen as the case study; and the qualitative research method is used to produce grounded theory. Grounded theory, is a theory that is extracted directly from data gathered during the study and analyzed on a regular basis. The key point is that collecting and analyzing data must be done simultaneously. With the help of open and in-depth interview technique with 24 members of the neighborhood, whom are chosen on purpose; the useful data has been gathered, coded and analyzed. Then, according to the research method which is The Grounded Theory; seven main categories and twelve sub-categories are obtained. These categories and sub categories are: “Community engagement, Values according to the old texture (including two sub-categories titled as: Moral, social and cultural values dependent on the old texture of neighborhood; and Valuable lifestyle of people living in old textures) , demographic features of the local community (including two sub-categories titled as: Impacts of aging population living in the neighborhood; and Impacts of the dominant presence of men in the neighborhood) , local community’s perception , social class conditions, costs and benefits of managing vulnerability (including two sub-categories titled as Low profits from spending for reparation of old textures; and Difficulties of repairing old textures) , and the local communities distrust of urban planning and management organizations, management plans, regulations, and practices (including three sub-categories titled as: Distrust of institutions involved in management of old textures, Uncertainty of management projects and regulations and rules, and Negative attitudes against renovation of old textures) ”; are identified as the social and cultural challenges of managing the vulnerability of the neighborhood. The results of this study, help forming the theory arising from gathered data. This theory which is comprehensive and abstract, is titled as: “The key role of social construction and cultural background in the willingness and action of the local community in managing vulnerability of the neighborhood”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluate the performance of development catalyst projects from the perspective of residents of target neighborhoods based on the Gap analysis model (Case Study: Revitalization Project of Zanjan Match Factory)
Pari Alavi Ashkan khatibiWhen a project for the development of the city is planned, designed and implemented, it will definitely have consequences. Development catalyst projects are no exception to this rule. In recent years, with the increase of these projects, It is necessary to study the vie MoreWhen a project for the development of the city is planned, designed and implemented, it will definitely have consequences. Development catalyst projects are no exception to this rule. In recent years, with the increase of these projects, It is necessary to study the views of citizens of the neighborhoods targeted for regeneration as the main stakeholders of these projects. The current study aims to determine the effectiveness of the match factory revitalization project in improving the quality of the neighborhood to measure the perceptions and expectations of neighborhood residents of the dimensions and factors of local development and catalyst. This research is of applied type and has been prepared by evaluation method with gap analysis model, and its statistical population consists of residents and businesses over 18 years of age in the Koochamshki neighborhood. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and simple random method, 384 people. The required information was collected through library and survey studies using a questionnaire and analyzed using ANOVA and T-Test. The results indicate a high score of respondents 'expectations from the three dimensions of development and catalyst (4.23) and a low score of their perception (3.26), which shows that there is a difference between residents' perceptions and expectations after the revival of the match factory. Also, the existence of a significant gap (-0.97) between residents' perceptions and expectations of the dimensions and factors of development and catalyst in this neighborhood confirms the second hypothesis of the research. Calculating the difference between the average score of residents' perceptions and expectations among the factors also shows that the largest gap belongs to the factor of "residential dignity" (-1.48) and the lowest gap belongs to the factor of "physical and environmental status of housing" (-0.4). dedicated. The findings also indicate that there is a significant difference between the expectations and perceptions of respondents in terms of their residency, but in relation to the gender of respondents, despite the gap between the views of both sexes, no significant difference in terms of perception and expectation was found between men and women. An important issue in findings is the negative gap in all dimensions and factors studied which shows the failure of planners to meet residents' expectations of changes effected by the catalyst project. Observations and field studies show that after the implementation of this project, growing events have taken place in this neighborhood; But analytical studies indicate that the implementation of this project has not yet been able to meet the demands and needs of neighborhood residents. The research findings indicate the existence of a gap between residents' perceptions and expectations of development factors in this neighborhood, which is statistically significant. An important issue in the research findings is the negative gap in all dimensions and factors studied, which shows the failure of planners to meet residents' expectations of changes effected by the local development catalyst project. In order to increase the residents' satisfaction, the factors with more gaps should be prioritized and measures should be taken to reduce the desired gap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analysis of the Effects of Urban Sprawl on Social Vulnerability (Case Study: Qazvin City Districts)
Esfandiar Zebardast Hossein GhanouniIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and t MoreIran is a country prone to earthquakes in which so many cities have experienced earthquakes in far and near past. Although there is a high potential for earthquakes to be destructive, the level of losses and damages of them is not solely dependent on the magnitude and the location of the earthquake, or physical aspects of buildings and urban areas. In the analysis of the impacts of natural hazards, three broad categories have been defined: 1) focus on natural hazard's biophysical impacts because of the place it occurs; 2) focus on hazard's impacts on societies that experience the hazard because of the social characteristics of those societies and 3) an approach that takes into account both of impacts. This article takes the second approach to analyze the effects of natural hazards. In this approach, social characteristics of the communities and societies, in which earthquake happens, come to center stage. Social vulnerability is one of the important aspects of earthquake risks and consequences. In addition, the progress of communication and transportation technologies and an increase in agricultural production surplus because of the Industrial Revolution has caused many rural settlers to migrate to cities. The increasing population raise in cities has led to many economic, social and environmental consequences, of which excessive horizontal and leapfrog development (which is called urban sprawl in scientific literature) is one. In this article urban sprawl is defined as: "unplanned, far-from-center and automobile-accessed growth of cities which has environmental, economic and social effects and is characterized by low density, segregation of land-uses and limited accessibility". In this research, at first theoretical literature of urban sprawl and social vulnerability were reviewed and the indicators for measuring them were chosen (13 for urban sprawl and 7 for social vulnerability) and the relevant data for Qazvin was extracted by using national census data and Geographic Information System (GIS). Then explorative factor analysis for eigenvalues bigger than 1 was conducted by using SPSS software and the indicators for sprawl were categorized into 4 factors: “density”, “configuration”, “land-use” and “accessibility” (70.22% of variance explained), and the indicators for social vulnerability were grouped in 1 factor: social vulnerability (66.9% of variance explained). Then the maps for each factor of sprawl and two main topics (sprawl and social vulnerability) were made. The correlation analysis was conducted on four factors of sprawl, social vulnerability factor (which is representative of social vulnerability altogether) and sprawl as a whole. The results show that from 4 factors of sprawl, just density factor has a significant correlation (0.801) with social vulnerability. Sprawl is also significantly (although weaker) correlated to social vulnerability (0.44). In addition, regression analysis showed that four factors of sprawl can explain 67.6% of the variance of social vulnerability. The relation between social vulnerability and density/sprawl is positive/negative, i.e. by an increase in density/decrease in sprawl, social vulnerability increases. Finally, the maps of sprawl and social vulnerability in Qazvin city districts and the map of potential districts for development are shown based on the correlation of sprawl and social vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluating the Results of Policies in the Field of Elderly-friendly Cities in Iranian Metropolises
Rostam SaberifarAvailable s tatis tics show that the growth rate of the elderly population has increased. Therefore, policy-making is expected to be in harmony with this trend to realize as many indicators as possible for an elderly-friendly city. The current research was conducted to MoreAvailable s tatis tics show that the growth rate of the elderly population has increased. Therefore, policy-making is expected to be in harmony with this trend to realize as many indicators as possible for an elderly-friendly city. The current research was conducted to tes t this assumption. The research method was descriptive and analytical. The required data were collected in 2012 and 2021 using the s tandard checklis t of the indicators of the elderly-friendly city. According to the population, the sample size was determined to be 500 people. The data were collected from five major cities of Iran (Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz and Tabriz). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and multi-criteria models. The data analysis showed that the coefficient calculated for the indicators of the elderly-friendly city is less than the median (0.492). In addition, from 2012 to 2021, the rate of improvement of the mentioned indicators was less than one year. The comparison of the efforts of the examined metropolises shows that during this period, the index calculated for Tehran City decreased from 0.668 to 0.549. In the same period, the index of Shiraz City increased from 0.329 to 0.416. Nevertheless, although it faced a sharp decline in 2021, it is s till in firs t place. Therefore, in this survey, Tehran City showed a better situation in mos t of the indicators than other big cities under inves tigation. According to the findings, in both periods and in mos t cities, the wors t conditions were assigned to the condition of the space and buildings index. In general, the s tatus of the transportation index, except for Tehran City, has gone through a growing trend in mos t of the metropolises. One of the reasons for this is that in recent years, the operation and development of urban trains in these cities have brought about extensive changes in the field of transportation. In the classification in terms of the total score, it was found that in 2012, Tehran City was in the firs t place, and Isfahan and Mashhad were in the second and third place, respectively, with a big difference. This year, Shiraz City has taken the las t place. In 2021, Isfahan City was ranked the highes t, followed by Tehran City in the second rank and Mashhad City in the third rank, with a not-too-big difference. In this year, Shiraz City has moved up to the fourth place by one rank, and Tabriz City is in the las t spot after Shiraz City with a minimal difference. According to the calculated scores, in 2012, only three cities - Tehran, Isfahan and Mashhad - had a score higher than 0.50. Therefore, these cities show more proportionality with the positive ideal level. Meanwhile, the situation of the two cities of Tabriz and Shiraz Cities in this year, due to the fact that they are far away from the ideal level, are not very favorable. In 2021, this situation remained almos t unchanged, and Tabriz and Shiraz Cities were s till far away from the ideal level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Exploring the features of complexity theories in Tehran City Comprehensive Plan (2007)
Esfandiar Zebardast Mohammad Amin SaeidiTodays’ cities are accepted as dynamic and ever-changing phenomena and are classified as “complex systems” in which Planning encounters with much “uncertainties”. In this kind of systems, absolute cognition of existing condition is impossible. In complex systems, “optim MoreTodays’ cities are accepted as dynamic and ever-changing phenomena and are classified as “complex systems” in which Planning encounters with much “uncertainties”. In this kind of systems, absolute cognition of existing condition is impossible. In complex systems, “optimum” is not predictable. So, we cannot be sure about the existing condition of complex systems nor about the future and the consequences of our manipulation, then, how can we think of planning in this system? Complexity theories are about studying nonlinear dynamic complex systems. These theories deliver new approaches to study complex systems like cities. Complex systems have some common characteristics which introduces them. Openness, ever-changing, non-linear behaviors, non-equilibrium and being on the edge of chaos, self-organization, uncertainty, emergence and naturally unpredictability are some of these characteristics. Therefore, popular linear methods of planning don’t work for complex systems. In this article, eight key elements of urban planning process are proposed based on the complexity theories approaches. Qualitative prediction, gradual evolution (path dependence), actor-space relationship, actor cooperation, self-organization, inhibitor rules, ongoing evaluation, innovation and intuition are introduced with huge literature review as core characteristics of urban planning process. Afterward, in the latest Tehran master plan, use of these key words are analyzed. Summative qualitative context analyze method is used to do this. Tehran has been chosen since the importance of this city in Iran. Tehran is Iran’s capital and also economic center of Iran. It has about 8.7 million inhabitants in about 700 square kilometers area. Tehran has been known as “a problem” since more than fifty years ago. Three development plans are prepared for Tehran but problems like transportation, pollution and etc. are getting worth. Tehran is one of the most complicated cities in Iran, so, is selected as case study in this article. The latest development plan is selected because it is written that Tehran is a very complex problem in that and the plan is prepared with this consciousness. The results of the analysis show that Tehran Comprehensive Plan has not used the concept of gradual evolution, self-organization and innovation and intuition in its process of plan preparation. In the case of ongoing evaluation, just 1 process (each five years) is proposed. Cooperation (of citizens) been referred to mostly in the implementation part of the plan and not in preparation process of the plan. The concept of inhibitor rules are used in the plan, and the most refers to existing sanctioned rules, only 8 new rules are developed in the plan. Actor-space relationship is user 11 times in the plan. Qualitative prediction is used as some patterns and processes in the plan and the most are related to proposed stage. After all, it seems that eight key word proposed in this article are seldom used in Tehran comprehensive plan. In complex context of Tehran it is recommended to use complexity theory concepts to better understand the status-quo and the existing trends. Off course, this is not only the duty of preparation organizations but also all who are involved in the plan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Explaining the Relationship between City and Mental Health Using Content Analysis Technique and Maxqda Software
khatereh moghani rahimi Mostafa Behzadfar samaneh jalilisadrabadAn accurate understanding of the relationship between mental health and the city is necessary for urban planning and design and is essential for promoting health and quality of life in urban environments. Indeed, a better understanding of the relationship between urbani MoreAn accurate understanding of the relationship between mental health and the city is necessary for urban planning and design and is essential for promoting health and quality of life in urban environments. Indeed, a better understanding of the relationship between urbanization and psychological problems may help to develop coping strategies and shape future cities in a better way. The importance of this relationship is such that the World Psychiatric Association has established the Scientific Mental Health Division for further study. But so far, studies on the urban environment and population health have focused mainly on physical health, and mental health has received less attention. Therefore, this study was conducted to summarize previous studies and present a conceptual model showing how the relationship between the city and mental health. The research method in this research is a review, and for data collection from documentary and library studies and for their analysis, the qualitative content analysis method has been used. In fact, this study uses an interpretive approach to analyze library documents and, based on the extracted textual codes, tries to analyze and describe the relationship between the city and mental health. Findings indicate that 25% of researchers in this field consider birth and life in the city as independent factor that reduces mental health. Of course, some other researchers have addressed this issue in more detail and introduced influential urban factors. In fact, social factors, with 44% repetition, are the most critical factors affecting mental health, followed by economic factors, with 13.2% repetition; environmental factors, with 12.4% repetition; various factors, with 10.4% repetition; factors related to Housing with 9.2% repetition, physical factors with 7.6% repetition and transportation-related factors with 3.2% repetition are essential, respectively. Also, population density, with 7.2 per cent repetition and then environmental pollution, with a repetition percentage of 6, are the essential urban factors affecting the mental health of citizens. As a result, thinkers in this field consider social factors such as population density and environmental factors such as environmental pollution as the most important factors reducing the mental health of citizens. As a result, the city has direct effects on mental health as well as through social, economic, and environmental stressors, various factors, housing-related factors, physical factors and transportation, which are essential, respectively, leading to stress and health. Reduces the psyche. Of course, the city also affects mental health by lowering public or physical health because the areas of health and mental health are highly interdependent. Mental health also affects the city, both directly and through stress and public health. As a result, urban stress and physical health can mediate the effects of urbanization on mental health and the impact of mental health on the city. A better understanding of this relationship and the result of mediation and trying to reduce the harmful effects of cities on mental health will significantly help in the development of coping strategies, better planning of future cities and maximizing the benefits of urban life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Explaining the relationship between the components of the quality of urban space and vitality by using the structural equation model case example: Maali Abad Street located in District 6f Shiraz Municipality
farhad omidvar Esmaeil Shieh Atefeh Dehghan touranposhtiExplaining the relationship between the components of the quality of urban space and vitality by using the structural equation model (case study: Maali Abad Street located in District 6 Shiraz Municipality) According to Simmel, the city is a sociological reality t MoreExplaining the relationship between the components of the quality of urban space and vitality by using the structural equation model (case study: Maali Abad Street located in District 6 Shiraz Municipality) According to Simmel, the city is a sociological reality that has acquired spatial limits, and the reason for the development of cities is to meet the basic needs of coexistence and social interaction. without vitality, our cities today will be only a biological complex. Responding to the social needs of human beings and creating the necessary opportunities for living requires the presence of space and behavioral setting. with this point of view, the city and urban spaces become an inclusive concept. By spending a short time in the public spaces of today's cities, especially Shiraz, we see that the cities have lost their sense of invitation. A glance at the public spaces of today's cities, especially Shiraz, shows that cities have lost their sense of invitation. Streets, as places where social interactions and urban vibrancy reach their maximum quantity and quality, have become only a space for cars. the aim of the current research is to explain the relationship between the constituent components of urban space quality and vitality with regard to the mediation of behavioral setting. The studied area is Maali Abad Street located in District 6 of Shiraz Municipality. The reasons for choosing Maali Abad Street as a research sample can be explained by the attractiveness of shopping, Strong business context, a significant presence of people, The presence of various commercial, cultural and administrative uses in the street, The existence of strong elements and connections at the beginning and end of the street, many food shops along the sidewalks of the street, High volume of activities at different hours of the day and night, Density of commercial activities and expressed the predominance of the functional role over the access role of this street. By adopting a Deductive approach, this study tries to explain the causal relationships between the selected variables. In this study, a survey strategy was used to collect data. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis, Hypothesis testing, and research model evaluation. Since variance-based structural equation modeling is used for complex models, it does not have a limit on the sample size and is not sensitive to the non-normality of the distribution, we used it in the present study. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 400 people was selected. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS software. The results indicate that the environmental, socio-cultural and behavioral setting, considering their interrelation, explain component along with the behavioral setting explains 46.5% of the variance of the socio-cultural component. This means that the improvement in the environmental component leads to the improvement in the social-cultural and behavioral setting, and for these two components, it will increase the vitality in Ma'ali Abad Street. As Jacobs has stated, the principle of diversity of activity in a region and the volume of human flow agree as a suitable representative for urban vitality. Manuscript profile