Determining the features of urban planning and efficient urban management in climate change control (case study of Mashhad Municipality)
Keywords: Climate change, Urban management, Municipality, Intelligence, Mashhad,
Abstract :
The most important system that manages the climate change changes is the municipality through the urban planning system; for this reason, it should be determined whether this system has the necessary characteristics in this field or not. The descriptive-exploratory research method was chosen. In the exploratory stage, all the experts working in the departments of crisis management, municipality, environment and regional water were the effective factors on urban planning through Delphi. For data analysis, factor analysis, variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The results showed that a total of 30 factors are involved in this field, the most important of which are foresight, smart management and technological infrastructure. The results of the second stage determined that ten main groups have a clear and direct influence in this area, which are in order of importance: Strategic, organizational, technological, information, academic, cultural, social, human, competitive and environmental dimensions.
References:
خالصی، بهاره و سروری، هادی (1401). شناسایی ارتباط میان شهر هوشمند و تغییرات اقلیمی، هفتمین کنفرانس بین¬المللی پژوهش در علوم و مهندسی و چهارمین کنگره بین¬المللی عمران، معماری و شهرسازی آسیا، تهران، 111-101.
خسروی، کوروش و بازوند، سجاد (1397). شهرها و تغییرات اقلیم جهانی، انتشارات انتخاب، تهران.
ذوقی، محمود و امیری، محمدجواد(1402). تعیین آستانه و ارزیابی حساسیت شاخص پوشش گیاهی اکوسیستم¬های شهری در مواجهه با شوک¬های اقلیمی، مطالعه موردی: منطقه شهری گرگان، پژوهش¬های جغرافیایی برنامه¬ریزی شهری، 11(2)، 114-97. https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_94602_280965c624664e20ce61fd2f1c21f97a.pdf
زیاری، کرامت¬اله؛ منصوری، ابوالفضل؛ محمدی یل¬سوری، مهرداد(1401)، بررسی و تحلیل نقش تاب‌آوری نهادی در مواجهه با اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی بر شهرها (مورد پژوهی: شهر مشهد)، جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری، انتشار آن¬لاین،
صابران، رضا (1397). تاریخ شهرهای ایرانی-اسلامی، انتشارات دانشگاه پیام¬نور، تهران.
قاسمی، سجاد، هادیانی، زهره و حمیدیان¬پور، محسن(1403)، شناسایی پیشران¬های کلیدی موثر بر آینده تغییر اقلیمی و تاب¬آوری شهر اصفهان، چشم¬انداز شهرهای آینده، دوره 1، شماره 5.
مالکی، لادن؛ ماجدی، حمید و زرآبادی، زهرا(1400)، تحلیل نقش رویکردهای شهری در پاسخ به تغییرات اقلیمی با تاکید بر شهرسازی بیوفیلیک، مورد پژوهی: شهر تنکابن، دانش شهرسازی، 5(1)، 163-147.
Adam, B. (2012). A sociology of time, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Almulhim, A. I., & Cobbinah, P. B. (2024). Framing resilience in Saudi Arabian cities: On climate change and urban policy, Sustainable Cities and Society, 101, 105172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105172 Amoako, C. & Cobbinah, P. B. (2011). Slum improvement in the Kumasi metropolis: Review of results and approaches, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa,13(8), 150–170. Asante, F. A. & Amuakwa-Mensah, F. (2015). Climate change and variability in Ghana: Stocktaking. Climate. 3(1), 78–101. http://www.jsd-africa.com/Jsda/Vol13No8-Winter2011B/PDF/Slum%20Improvement%20in%20the%20Kumasi%20Metropolis%20Ghana.Clifford%20Amoako.pdf Aulakh, R. (2013). Natural disasters forced 32 million people from their homes last year the star Canada, Accessed at http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern on 23/09/2018. Chen, M. F. & Tung, P. J. (2010). The moderating effect of perceived lack of facilities on consumers' recycling intentions, Environment and Behavior, 42, 824–844. doi/10.1177/0013916509352833 Cobbinah, P. B. & Anane, G. K. (2016). Climate change adaptation in rural Ghana: Indigenous perceptions and strategies, Climate & Development. 8(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2015.1034228 Cobbinah, P. B. & Asibey, M. O., Opoku-Gyamfia, M., & Peprah, C. (2016). Urban planning and climate change in Ghana, Journal of Urban Management, 8(2), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103950 Costello, A., Abbas, M., Allen, A., Ball, S., Bell, S., Bellamy, R. et al. (2009). Managing the health effects of climate change, The Lancet, 373(9676), 1693–1733. https://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet//pdfs/climate-article.pdf Darkwah, R. M., Cobbinah, P. B. & Anokye, P. A. (2018). Contextualising urban resilience in Ghana: Local perspectives and experiences, Geoforum, 94, 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.09.005 Easton, D. (1953). The political system: An inquiry into the state of political science, Alfred A. Knopf xiii, New York. Easton, D. (1965). A systems analysis of political life. Wiley, New York. Ghasemi, S., Hadiani, Z., & Hamidianpour, M.(2024), Identifying key drivers affecting the future of climate change and resilience of Isfahan city, Vision of Future Cities, 1(5), Online Publication. [In Persian] http://jvfc.ir/article-1-293-fa.html Government of Ghana (GoG) (2012). National urban policy framework, Ministry of local Government and Rural Development Accra, May, 2012. Huutoniemi, K. & Williamo, R. (2014). Systematic Thinking of environmental problems. In K. Huutoneimi, & P. Tapio (Vol. Eds.), Transdisciplinary sustainability studies: A heuristic approach, 2014, (pp. 23–49). Routledge, New York, NY, USA.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). In S. Solomon, D. Qin,, M. Manning, Z. Chen,, M. Marquis,, & K. B. Averyt, (Eds.). Climate change 2007:The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental Panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Khan, A. Z. (2012). Climate change: Cause & effect, Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 2(4), 48–53. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/1779
Khalsi, B., & Sarvari, H. (2022). Identifying the relationship between smart city and climate change, 7th International Conference on Research in Science and Engineering and 4th International Congress on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning of Asia, Tehran, 101-111. [In Persian]
Komiyama, H. & Takeuchi, K. (2011). Sustainability science: Building a new academic discipline. In H. Komiyama, K. Takeuchi, H. Shiroyama, & T. Mino (Vol. Eds.), Sustainability science: A multidisciplinary approach, 2011, 2–19.
Korah, P. I., Cobbinah, P. B., Nunbogu, A. M. & Gyogluu, S. (2017). Spatial plans and urban development trajectory in Kumasi, Ghana, Geojournal. 82(6), 1113–1134. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45117464
Maliki, L., Majdi, H., & Zarabadi, Z. (2022), analysis of the role of urban approaches in response to climate changes with an emphasis on biophilic urbanism, case study: Tankabon city, Danesh Shahr Sazi, 5(1), 147-163. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22124/upk.2020.13045.1211
Ng, A. S., Lwin, M. O. & Pang, A. (2017). Toward a theoretical framework for studying climate change policies: Insights from the case study of Singapore. Sustainability. 9(1167), 1–21.
Pankaja, M. S. & Nagendra, H. N. (2015). Green city concept: A new paradigm in urban planning. International Journal of Engineering Science. 4(10), 55–60. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/5939/
Parmesan, C. & Yohe, G. (2003). A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural. Systems Nature. 421, 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01286
Sabran, R. (2017). History of Iranian-Islamic Cities, Payam Noor University Press, Tehran. [In Persian] Saberifar, R. (2023). Climate Change and Water Crisis (Case Study, Mashhad in Northeastern Iran), Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 32(1), 705-716. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/151988
Saldaña, J. (2013). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers, Sage, USA.
Sarpong, D. & Anyidoho, N. A. (2012). Climate change and agricultural policy processes in Ghana. Future Agricultures Consortium, Working Paper 045. https://www.hubrural.org/Climate-Change-and-Agricultural,10173.html?lang=fr
Stott, P. A., Stone, D. A. & Allen, M. R. (2004). Human contribution to the European heat wave of 2003. Nature, 432, 610–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03089
United Nations (2016). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Accessed athttps://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld on 15/08/2018.
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2013). Health effects of particulate matter: Policy implications for countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and central Asia. 122-131. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/344854
Yeboah, E. & Obeng-Odoom, F. (2010). We are not the only ones to blame: District Assemblies' perspectives on the state of planning in Ghana, Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance. 2, 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i7.1893
Yuen, B. & Kohn, L. (2009). Climate change and urban planning in southeast Asia, Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society (S.A.P.I.EN.S). 2(3), 1–11. https://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/881
Yuen, B. & Kohn, L. (2009). Climate change and urban planning in southeast Asia, Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society (S.A.P.I.EN.S). 2(3), 1–11. https://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/881
Ziari, K., Mansouri, A., & Mohammadi Yalsuri, M. (2022), investigation and analysis of the role of institutional resilience in facing the effects of climate change on cities (case study: Mashhad city), geography and development of urban space, online publication. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22067/jgusd.2022.78089.1237
Zoghi, M., & Amiri, M.J. (2023). Determination of the threshold and sensitivity assessment of the urban ecosystems Vegetation Index in the face of climate shocks the case study of Gorgan city, Geography Urban research,11(2), 97-114. [In Persian] https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_94602_280965c624664e20ce61fd2f1c21f97a.pdf
خالصی، بهاره و سروری، هادی (1401). شناسایی ارتباط میان شهر هوشمند و تغییرات اقلیمی، هفتمین کنفرانس بین¬المللی پژوهش در علوم و مهندسی و چهارمین کنگره بین¬المللی عمران، معماری و شهرسازی آسیا، تهران، 111-101.
خسروی، کوروش و بازوند، سجاد (1397). شهرها و تغییرات اقلیم جهانی، انتشارات انتخاب، تهران.
ذوقی، محمود و امیری، محمدجواد(1402). تعیین آستانه و ارزیابی حساسیت شاخص پوشش گیاهی اکوسیستم¬های شهری در مواجهه با شوک¬های اقلیمی، مطالعه موردی: منطقه شهری گرگان، پژوهش¬های جغرافیایی برنامه¬ریزی شهری، 11(2)، 114-97. https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_94602_280965c624664e20ce61fd2f1c21f97a.pdf
زیاری، کرامت¬اله؛ منصوری، ابوالفضل؛ محمدی یل¬سوری، مهرداد(1401)، بررسی و تحلیل نقش تاب‌آوری نهادی در مواجهه با اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی بر شهرها (مورد پژوهی: شهر مشهد)، جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری، انتشار آن¬لاین،
صابران، رضا (1397). تاریخ شهرهای ایرانی-اسلامی، انتشارات دانشگاه پیام¬نور، تهران.
قاسمی، سجاد، هادیانی، زهره و حمیدیان¬پور، محسن(1403)، شناسایی پیشران¬های کلیدی موثر بر آینده تغییر اقلیمی و تاب¬آوری شهر اصفهان، چشم¬انداز شهرهای آینده، دوره 1، شماره 5.
مالکی، لادن؛ ماجدی، حمید و زرآبادی، زهرا(1400)، تحلیل نقش رویکردهای شهری در پاسخ به تغییرات اقلیمی با تاکید بر شهرسازی بیوفیلیک، مورد پژوهی: شهر تنکابن، دانش شهرسازی، 5(1)، 163-147.
Adam, B. (2012). A sociology of time, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Almulhim, A. I., & Cobbinah, P. B. (2024). Framing resilience in Saudi Arabian cities: On climate change and urban policy, Sustainable Cities and Society, 101, 105172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105172 Amoako, C. & Cobbinah, P. B. (2011). Slum improvement in the Kumasi metropolis: Review of results and approaches, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa,13(8), 150–170. Asante, F. A. & Amuakwa-Mensah, F. (2015). Climate change and variability in Ghana: Stocktaking. Climate. 3(1), 78–101. http://www.jsd-africa.com/Jsda/Vol13No8-Winter2011B/PDF/Slum%20Improvement%20in%20the%20Kumasi%20Metropolis%20Ghana.Clifford%20Amoako.pdf Aulakh, R. (2013). Natural disasters forced 32 million people from their homes last year the star Canada, Accessed at http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern on 23/09/2018. Chen, M. F. & Tung, P. J. (2010). The moderating effect of perceived lack of facilities on consumers' recycling intentions, Environment and Behavior, 42, 824–844. doi/10.1177/0013916509352833 Cobbinah, P. B. & Anane, G. K. (2016). Climate change adaptation in rural Ghana: Indigenous perceptions and strategies, Climate & Development. 8(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2015.1034228 Cobbinah, P. B. & Asibey, M. O., Opoku-Gyamfia, M., & Peprah, C. (2016). Urban planning and climate change in Ghana, Journal of Urban Management, 8(2), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103950 Costello, A., Abbas, M., Allen, A., Ball, S., Bell, S., Bellamy, R. et al. (2009). Managing the health effects of climate change, The Lancet, 373(9676), 1693–1733. https://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet//pdfs/climate-article.pdf Darkwah, R. M., Cobbinah, P. B. & Anokye, P. A. (2018). Contextualising urban resilience in Ghana: Local perspectives and experiences, Geoforum, 94, 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.09.005 Easton, D. (1953). The political system: An inquiry into the state of political science, Alfred A. Knopf xiii, New York. Easton, D. (1965). A systems analysis of political life. Wiley, New York. Ghasemi, S., Hadiani, Z., & Hamidianpour, M.(2024), Identifying key drivers affecting the future of climate change and resilience of Isfahan city, Vision of Future Cities, 1(5), Online Publication. [In Persian] http://jvfc.ir/article-1-293-fa.html Government of Ghana (GoG) (2012). National urban policy framework, Ministry of local Government and Rural Development Accra, May, 2012. Huutoniemi, K. & Williamo, R. (2014). Systematic Thinking of environmental problems. In K. Huutoneimi, & P. Tapio (Vol. Eds.), Transdisciplinary sustainability studies: A heuristic approach, 2014, (pp. 23–49). Routledge, New York, NY, USA.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). In S. Solomon, D. Qin,, M. Manning, Z. Chen,, M. Marquis,, & K. B. Averyt, (Eds.). Climate change 2007:The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental Panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Khan, A. Z. (2012). Climate change: Cause & effect, Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 2(4), 48–53. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/1779
Khalsi, B., & Sarvari, H. (2022). Identifying the relationship between smart city and climate change, 7th International Conference on Research in Science and Engineering and 4th International Congress on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Planning of Asia, Tehran, 101-111. [In Persian]
Komiyama, H. & Takeuchi, K. (2011). Sustainability science: Building a new academic discipline. In H. Komiyama, K. Takeuchi, H. Shiroyama, & T. Mino (Vol. Eds.), Sustainability science: A multidisciplinary approach, 2011, 2–19.
Korah, P. I., Cobbinah, P. B., Nunbogu, A. M. & Gyogluu, S. (2017). Spatial plans and urban development trajectory in Kumasi, Ghana, Geojournal. 82(6), 1113–1134. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45117464
Maliki, L., Majdi, H., & Zarabadi, Z. (2022), analysis of the role of urban approaches in response to climate changes with an emphasis on biophilic urbanism, case study: Tankabon city, Danesh Shahr Sazi, 5(1), 147-163. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22124/upk.2020.13045.1211
Ng, A. S., Lwin, M. O. & Pang, A. (2017). Toward a theoretical framework for studying climate change policies: Insights from the case study of Singapore. Sustainability. 9(1167), 1–21.
Pankaja, M. S. & Nagendra, H. N. (2015). Green city concept: A new paradigm in urban planning. International Journal of Engineering Science. 4(10), 55–60. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/lkcsb_research/5939/
Parmesan, C. & Yohe, G. (2003). A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural. Systems Nature. 421, 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01286
Sabran, R. (2017). History of Iranian-Islamic Cities, Payam Noor University Press, Tehran. [In Persian] Saberifar, R. (2023). Climate Change and Water Crisis (Case Study, Mashhad in Northeastern Iran), Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 32(1), 705-716. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/151988
Saldaña, J. (2013). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers, Sage, USA.
Sarpong, D. & Anyidoho, N. A. (2012). Climate change and agricultural policy processes in Ghana. Future Agricultures Consortium, Working Paper 045. https://www.hubrural.org/Climate-Change-and-Agricultural,10173.html?lang=fr
Stott, P. A., Stone, D. A. & Allen, M. R. (2004). Human contribution to the European heat wave of 2003. Nature, 432, 610–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03089
United Nations (2016). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Accessed athttps://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld on 15/08/2018.
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2013). Health effects of particulate matter: Policy implications for countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and central Asia. 122-131. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/344854
Yeboah, E. & Obeng-Odoom, F. (2010). We are not the only ones to blame: District Assemblies' perspectives on the state of planning in Ghana, Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance. 2, 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/cjlg.v0i7.1893
Yuen, B. & Kohn, L. (2009). Climate change and urban planning in southeast Asia, Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society (S.A.P.I.EN.S). 2(3), 1–11. https://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/881
Yuen, B. & Kohn, L. (2009). Climate change and urban planning in southeast Asia, Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society (S.A.P.I.EN.S). 2(3), 1–11. https://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/881
Ziari, K., Mansouri, A., & Mohammadi Yalsuri, M. (2022), investigation and analysis of the role of institutional resilience in facing the effects of climate change on cities (case study: Mashhad city), geography and development of urban space, online publication. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22067/jgusd.2022.78089.1237
Zoghi, M., & Amiri, M.J. (2023). Determination of the threshold and sensitivity assessment of the urban ecosystems Vegetation Index in the face of climate shocks the case study of Gorgan city, Geography Urban research,11(2), 97-114. [In Persian] https://jurbangeo.ut.ac.ir/article_94602_280965c624664e20ce61fd2f1c21f97a.pdf