varieties

Open Access Article

1 - Factors influencing adoption of improved wheat varieties and their impacts on food security dimensions: Application of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) in East Azarbaijan
Farzaneh Noruzi Ajabshir Farhad Lashgarara Mehdi Mirdamadi Maryam Omidi najafabadi

This study examined the major effective factors on farmer’s adoption of improved wheat varieties and investigated their impacts on food security in East Azarbaijan province based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The population of this stu More

This study examined the major effective factors on farmer’s adoption of improved wheat varieties and investigated their impacts on food security in East Azarbaijan province based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The population of this study comprised wheat growers who adopted improved wheat varieties in 21 regions. The study sample consisted of 380 wheat growers selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Validity was confirmed by face validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity and reliability was calculated using Composite Reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using Smart-PLS software. The findings showed that the performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and trust, had a positive and significant effect on the intention to adopt technology as well as on the dimensions of food security. In addition, the moderating variables of age, gender, and experience did not have a significant effect on related constructs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Mechanisms of Intellectual Property Rights in Protecting the Environment and Biodiversity of Plant Genetic Resources
Fatemeh Alizade Mohammad-Reza Parvin parvin farshchi

The identification of the intellectual property rights system is the basis for legal protection of achievements made with the aim of protecting biodiversity, sustainable development, traditional knowledge related to genetic resources, digital sequence information, etc. More

The identification of the intellectual property rights system is the basis for legal protection of achievements made with the aim of protecting biodiversity, sustainable development, traditional knowledge related to genetic resources, digital sequence information, etc. The effort to create a common understanding between the legal and technical fields surrounding the issue of plant genetic resources is analyzed in this research. The present research is written based on library studies and descriptive and analytical method based on review findings. Examining the legal mechanisms provided by the intellectual property rights system in the form of environmental goals shows the effective components in the protection mechanisms of intellectual property rights in order to recognize the economic value of plant genetic resources and legal protection of indigenous communities.Traditional knowledge in order to maintain biodiversity and public order and good ethics as an environmental requirement can be effective in sustainable development with the aim of protecting biodiversity. The results of the research show that geographical indications as a system to protect the traditional knowledge of indigenous communities and biodiversity and the patent system as a suitable support system to support genetically manipulated genetic resources due to the provision of components and ethical considerations. The environment and the protection system for plant varieties as a special support system for plant breeders in order to create new plant varieties with the aim of sustainable development of plant genetic resources can be among the main mechanisms of intellectual property rights in order to protect the environment and sustainable use of genetic resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating and Analyzing the Poetic Genres in the HusbangEbtehaj'sPoetry
Saeed Hessampor Nooshin Talebzadeh

The study of the genre types and their application of poetry. In this article, the genius types are studied in two sets of black poetry (classical) and Tassian (including poem by Nimaei and Sepid) by HushangEbtahaj. Each of these poetic witnesses is analyzed from the pe More

The study of the genre types and their application of poetry. In this article, the genius types are studied in two sets of black poetry (classical) and Tassian (including poem by Nimaei and Sepid) by HushangEbtahaj. Each of these poetic witnesses is analyzed from the perspective of aesthetics and Ganaei. Findings of the research show that most of the Ganaeispecies are seen in HushangEbtehaj poetry. Specially, the types that represent themes such as love. Politics and society, this is a sign of the poet's romance style. His highest use is from pictorial rich species to descriptive species. In other words, the poet is engaged in illustrating the personal and social status of the era, rather than describing the objects of clothing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Screening the tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars and landraces to Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca pers.) under greenhouse conditions
MARYAM SHOORYABI Ebrahim Izadi-Darbandi Mohammad Hassan Rashed Mohassel Ali Ganjali

In order to study to evaluate the tolerance of some tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars and landraces to Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca pers.) an experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions. I More

In order to study to evaluate the tolerance of some tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars and landraces to Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca pers.) an experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, 23 cultivars and 4 landraces of tomato were planted in two series of treatments (infected and uninfected (control) with broomrape). Results showed that tomato cultivars and landraces had a significant difference in their biomass and broomrape reduced fresh and dry weight of all all tomato cultivars and landraces significantly. Urbana, GS15, Marconi cultivars and all landraces of tomato were the most susceptible hosts to broomrape. In contrast Cal-jN3, Primo, Hyb.Petopride V, Hyb.Xaman and Hyb.Super Set showed lowest loss percent of shoot and root dry weight in present of broomrape compared to other cultivars. Also, comparison of tomato landraces and cultivars showed that despite higher biomass production of the landraces in control treatments, they were more susceptible and suffered more severe damage in infected treatments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Biology of potato tuber moth, Phthorimea operculella Zeller (Lep.: Gelechidae), on two potato cultivars
M. Shahabi A. Rajabpour

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimea operculella, is one of the most important pests of potato in Iran. Biology of the pest on two commercial potato cultivars, Sante and Arinda, was studied in Andimeshk, north of Khuzestan province, Iran. Samplings were weekly performed from t More

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimea operculella, is one of the most important pests of potato in Iran. Biology of the pest on two commercial potato cultivars, Sante and Arinda, was studied in Andimeshk, north of Khuzestan province, Iran. Samplings were weekly performed from two separate fields cultivated by two cultivars during two agricultural seasons (2013-2015).  Adults and immatures monitoring were done by using sex pheromone trap and direct count respectively. Results showed that adults occurred with two months difference in the first and second agricultural seasons which is related to different means temperature in the two studied seasons. Significant correlation was observed between adult densities and weekly means temperature. First adults appeared on both cultivars in early February and December in the first and second agricultural seasons and peaked at the end of March, respectively. The peaks of egg number were observed at The end of March for the first and second agricultural seasons, respectively. First larvae were observed in early and mid of March in the first and second years.  Larvae peaked at The end of March and mid of April for the first and second years, respectively. No considerable difference was observed among occurrence, peak and activity time of the developmental stages of potato tuberworm on The two tested cultivars. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The effect of planting date and varieties of canola on yield and population of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hom., Aphididae)
A. A. Keyhanian M. V. Taghaddosi

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. is one of the most important pests of canola which induces serious damage to the crop over the country. Use of resistant varieties along with proper sowing time, are IPM-based methods, which were studied in Saveh fields of Mar More

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. is one of the most important pests of canola which induces serious damage to the crop over the country. Use of resistant varieties along with proper sowing time, are IPM-based methods, which were studied in Saveh fields of Markazi province Iran through growing seasons of 2004-2005 and 2004-2005. We used a layout of split plot design consisting of varieties of RGS003, Licord, PF, and SLM046 (as main plots) and 3 sowing dates of 20 Sep. 5 Oct. and 10 Nov.(as sub plots) at 3 replicates, Natural aphid infection was sufficient. The aphid density was estimated by counting occurance of the pest number on one centimeter of the upper parts of the 10 randomly selected canola stems. Also yields of each plot were measured using a quadrate of 1 ×1m. Results showed that first date of planting (22th Sep.) during both years of study produced significantly highest yield (139.33 & 149.97 kg/ha) respectively but the lowest density of aphids (20.88& 13.05) per sampling unit. The cultivar "RGS003" which yieldied 146.67 and 144.84 kg/ha and attracted 32.56 and 48.67 aphids in both years of study was evaluated as superior cultivar to others. Overall results suggest the date of first planting and "RGS003" cultivar for the region of study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Population abundance of Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor, 1932) (Acari: Tydeidae) on different fig varieties
P. Baradaran M. Arbabi

Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor) is a common predatory of fig pest mites in Iran and other part of the world. Investigation on population abundance of predatory mite was carried out on 11 commercial fig varieties in Saveh, a city of Iran during two years (2000-2001) in S More

Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor) is a common predatory of fig pest mites in Iran and other part of the world. Investigation on population abundance of predatory mite was carried out on 11 commercial fig varieties in Saveh, a city of Iran during two years (2000-2001) in Saveh region. Complete randomize block designed with four replications and each replicate consisted of a fig tree selected for the experiment. Fortnight sampling was followed from May up to middle of November. Abundance of P. ubiquitus on leaves were counted under stereo microscope by help of  4 squares centimeters plastic hallow frame which placed randomly bilateral of midrib under side of the leaf. Analysis of variance on collected mite data showed statistically significant at level of five percent. Maximum mean population density of mite recorded 9.82 and 11.32 mites for American No. 2 and minimum for Black Varamin 0.19 mites respectively during two years studies. Increasing predatory mite statistically was found significant with decreasing mean of temperature during Sept. –Nov. Maximum abundance of predatory mite was recorded during Oct.–Nov. with reduction of prey mobility, temperature and photoperiodic according to Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Evaluation of water spray application for organic control of date palm spider mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) of date palm orchards in southern parts of Iran
M. Arbabi M. Asgari M. T. Fasihi N. Golmohammadzadeh-Khiaban M. R. Damghani M. Latifian M. Babai

Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor)is an important date palm pest orchard in Iran and other date growing in the world. Direct mite incidence along feeding on date fruit caused 100% losses on commercial date varieties. Chemical date palm spider mite (DPSM) control initia More

Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor)is an important date palm pest orchard in Iran and other date growing in the world. Direct mite incidence along feeding on date fruit caused 100% losses on commercial date varieties. Chemical date palm spider mite (DPSM) control initiated in 1960 in southwestern part of Iran through Tetradifen application and today extended in large date orchards in the country. Water spray application on DPSM under taken through block randomized designed with four replications during period of 2000-2001 on date varieties i.e. Mordarsangh, Kabkab, Berhi, Mazafati, Halileh in Hormozghan, Bushehr, Khuzestan, Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces of Iran respectively. Amount of 8 to 10 little water spray with help of concern instrument during late morning hours. The mobile mite mortality% was evaluated through Henderson–Tilton method by collecting 20 date fruits which two date clusters selected randomly from each replication and counted with help of stereo-microscope. Mite sampling followed at interval of one day before, 3, 7, 14 and 25 days after treatments. Light copious webbing around date clusters observed in late April in Kuzestan province and this type of injuries recorded after three months interval (July) on date palm's of Sistan and Baluchestan provinces in south eastern part of country. Mean date palm infested by DPSM was found higher in year of 2001 in comparison of the first year study. Max & min mean of mites' densities on a date fruit recorded 14.9 and 2.08 mites on Kabkab and Berhi var. in Bushehr and Kuzestan respectively while Halileh var. in Sistan and Baluchestan province possess higher number of mite during two years of investigation. Mean of mite mortality% statistically observed significant at level of 5% during sampling period with maximum control of mite at seven days interval whereas longer effects of water spray recorded up to 25 days in Kerman province. Two years mite mortalities% analysis result over 90% mite control in date orchards of Khuzestan, Hormozgan and Kerman provinces during first and second year respectively. Max water spray effect can expected when mean of mite on a date fruit was recorded below three mites with three consequent spray at 7 to 10 days interval which make possible organic date production in Iran with regard further mite resistance and hazardous of pesticides to the environment. Manuscript profile

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9 - Salt Tolerance in Rice Cultivars and Changes in Sodium and Potassium Ions
Masomeh Farasat

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10 - Estimating the energy gap in greenhouse cucumber production
Bardia Bayat Mohammad Hossein Ansari Marjan Diyanat Ali Mohammadi &lrm; Torkashvand

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11 - Study on pathogenicity variation of the different isolates of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and evaluating the resistance of the several eggplant cultivars to them
Sahar Tari Mojdeh Maleki Dariush Shahriari

Eggplant Solanumm elongena L. of fruit vegetables is grown in warm and tropical regions. This plant has mostly been attacked by different pathogen particularly the causal agent of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). This is one of the most important diseases that More

Eggplant Solanumm elongena L. of fruit vegetables is grown in warm and tropical regions. This plant has mostly been attacked by different pathogen particularly the causal agent of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). This is one of the most important diseases that damaged eggplant and reduced yield and fruit quality up to 50%. There has been little successful in control by the use of fungicides, therefore, the resistance of eggplant varieties studied in this research. For this purpose, first the fungal isolates from different areas under eggplant culture were isolated from vascular tissue in Tehran and Alborz province and then purification and pathogenicity test, 15 isolates obtained in pathogeny potential were evaluated by root dip method of the root of Varamini susceptible cultivar in spore suspension with concentrations of 106 spores per ml. Disease severity index calculated by seven numbered scale of Xiao and Lin 1995, after five weeks. The results showed that V-E-KM-2 isolate obtained from samples of infected plants in MohammadShahr in Karaj, with disease severity of 92 percent were identified most virulent as pathogeny. In evaluation stage of the root resistance of different varieties, 14 common cultured eggplant varieties and the present varieties as pathogenicity method, inoculated with spores of the fungus. Symptoms recording were assessed 35 days after inoculation. The results obtained from the analysis of variance showed that treatments are significantly different in probability level of 1%. The means and resistance evaluation of eggplant cultivars against Verticillium wilt showed seven cultivars of Pasargadae, Volentala, Hybrid Arro, Lady, Sohrab, Yek Beauty (1) and Minabella were tolerant (T) in the range of 31.5 to 49.7 of the percentage of disease index. In this following study, supplementary investigations are essential to introduce tolerant varieties for cultivation in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Reaction of some melon cultivars to charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina in Varamin
Fatemeh Mirabdollahi Shams dariush shahriari Mojddeh Maleki Neda Kheradpir

Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most serious soil brone disease of melon with economic importance throughout the world. Due to the failure of crop rotation, clean seeds and chemical control, application of the resistance cultivars and varieties, regar More

Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most serious soil brone disease of melon with economic importance throughout the world. Due to the failure of crop rotation, clean seeds and chemical control, application of the resistance cultivars and varieties, regarding to their ability in infestation reduction and less tissue destruction would be efficient. This study was to study the reaction of 22 different varieties of melon in Varamin area, as one of the main source of melon production in Iran, under the greenhouse condition. The experiment was taken place with four replications under complete random block design. Feature examined were wet weight, dry weight and pathogenicity index which were monitored in one month. Results of the pathogenicity indices showed than four varities, Honey Dave, Tashkand, Isafahan and Hybrid Ananas T with the lowest infestation index (1-2.1) were recognized as resistant and three varieties of Haj Mashallahi, Samsouri Isfahan, Ananas Mina MN1 with the highest pathogenicity index (>4) were recognized as susceptible. The results of wet weight mean showed that both hajmashallahi and 7065 MA hybrid has the lowest (17.05 gr) and Ananas T Hybrid showed the highest (57.05 gr); for dry weight, Honey Pack hybrid has the highest (7.16 gr) and Daregaz Mashhad showed the lowest (1.99 gr) weight. The results revealed a highly significant difference among the cultuvars which would be a clue to use plant resistance as a key factor in melon charcoal rot management. Manuscript profile

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13 - Evaluation of Grain Yield and Some Agronomic Traits of Tow Corn (Zea mays) Varieties as a Second Crop under Drought Stress and Application of Cycocel
M. Roshdi M. Yarnia F. Hashemzadeh

To evaluate grain yield and some agronomic traits of tow corn varieties as a second crop under drought stress and application of cycocel an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Jahad-Keshavarsi of Khoy during summer growing season of 2005.  More

To evaluate grain yield and some agronomic traits of tow corn varieties as a second crop under drought stress and application of cycocel an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Jahad-Keshavarsi of Khoy during summer growing season of 2005.  Experimental design was a split-split plot based on RCBD with four replications. The factors consisted of irrigation as the main factor with three levels (irrigation after 70±5, 100±5 and 130±5 mm evaporation from class A pan), varieties 260 and 301 of corn as subfactor and application of different rates of cycocel (with and without application) as sub-subfactor. Results showed that drought stress reduced plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and the leaf area index, biological yield and grain yield. Application of cycocel increased the stem diameter, biological yield and grain yield as compared with not application of cycocel. Generally, It can be concluded that irrigation after 70 mm evaporation and the application of cycocel can play major roles in increasing corn grain yield. Manuscript profile

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14 - Screening of Bread Wheat Genotypes for Stem Reserves Remobilization, Relative Water Content and Osmotic Adjustment under Drought Stress
زینب Soleimani H. Ramshini S.M.M. Mortazaviyan B. Foghi

Drought one of the most important global threats against bread wheat production. In order to identify physiological traits associated with drought tolerance, 52 bread wheat varieties were cultured under two normal and drought stress condition in a randomized complete bl More

Drought one of the most important global threats against bread wheat production. In order to identify physiological traits associated with drought tolerance, 52 bread wheat varieties were cultured under two normal and drought stress condition in a randomized complete block desigen with three replications. RWC (in three independent times), leaf rolling, leaf silvering, days to flowering, days to maturity and stem reserve remobilization were investigeted. Also in a pot experiment osmotic adjustment of the varieties were measured at seedling stage. varieties Star and Bezostaya had the highest RWC (0.79 and 0.78, respectively). Osmotic adjustment in Rasol and Unknown11 were highest (0.58 and 0.56, respectively). Varieties Tipik, Unknown11 and Azar2 showed the least decrease in thousand grain weight after spraying with KI (4.8, 5.5 and 5.5, respectively). Also varieties Dez, Gaspard and MV-17 have the highest degree of leaf silvering and varieties Niknejad, Star and Kohdasht under drought stress were able than the other varieties bring their leaves to form a rolling and cope with water deficit. Under drought stress, Varieties Alborz, Zagros and Inia were observed premature than the other varieties and Gaspard and Kaslojen varieties were observed late mature than the other varieties. Altogetehr varieties Kohdasht, Star and Bezostaya can be used as genetic resources for leaf water retention under drought stress condition for imjproving other varieties. Also as Azar2 and Unknown11 had highest amount of thousand grain weight under normal condition and simoultanously showed high ability in stem reserves remobilization they can be selected as parents in crosses for improving these traits.  Manuscript profile

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15 - Potassium Humate as a Factor for Decreasing Deterioration of Wheat’s Seed
Ali Tamjid Reza Shahryari

Seeds could be deteriorated during storage. Treatment of seeds by humic acid induces metabolic and biochemical changes which accelerate seed germination and its emergence. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment potassium humate on its More

Seeds could be deteriorated during storage. Treatment of seeds by humic acid induces metabolic and biochemical changes which accelerate seed germination and its emergence. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment potassium humate on its deterioration under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in a 5 × 4 × 3 factorial experiment using completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors were three levels of potassium humate (control, one and two parts per 1000 potassium humate), four wheat varieties (Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran) and five heating times (zero, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours). Results showed significant differences in simple effect of variety and effect of potassium humate × heating times for shoot length; simple effect of heating times and effect of potassium humate × varieties for germination percent; effect of potassium humate × varieties × heating times for radicle length, shoot dry weight, seminal roots dry weight and seedling dry weight. Pretreatment of seeds by using 2/1000 potassium humate produced × longest radicle roots in Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran respectively with 72, 72, 144 and 96 hours heating times. The highest root dry weight was produced by 2/1000 potassium humate and 48 and 72 hours of heating times on Shirodi and Chamran, respectively. Application of 1/1000 of potassium humate produced the highest seedling dry weight in Shirodi, Darya and Morvarid with 48, 72 hours of heating times and without heating, respectively. Results also revealed that different varieties responded differently to potassium humate treatment at different heating times. It can be concluded that longer heating durations affected wheat characters at early growth stages and pretreatment of seeds by potassium humate can decrease seed deterioration.  Manuscript profile

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16 - بررسی نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی زن و مرد نسبت به گونه های بومی و غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی
هدی طالبی حبیب آبادی Laya Heidary Darani

در این مقاله به بررسی این مسئله می پردازیم که آیا زبان آموزان ایرانی از گونه های مختلف زبان انگلیسی که در سراسر جهان صحبت می شوند آگاه بوده و به گونه خاصی از آن تمایل دارند یا خیر. همچنین به بررسی نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی به گونه های بومی و غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی می پرداز More

در این مقاله به بررسی این مسئله می پردازیم که آیا زبان آموزان ایرانی از گونه های مختلف زبان انگلیسی که در سراسر جهان صحبت می شوند آگاه بوده و به گونه خاصی از آن تمایل دارند یا خیر. همچنین به بررسی نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی به گونه های بومی و غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی می پردازیم. بعلاوه تلاش می کنیم دریابیم که آیا این نگرش جنسیت محور هست یا خیر. بدین منظور 30 زبان آموز دختر و پسر با سطح  متوسط زبان انگلیسی که سن آنها بین 22 تا 30 سال می باشد به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و به سه پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. سپس اطلاعات جمع آوری شده از طریق تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه با اندازه گیری های مکرر (one-way repeated measures ANOVA)، آزمون LSD post-hoc فیشر و آزمون t مستقل مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتیجه اصلی حاصل از این پژوهش این بود که زبان آموزان ایرانی دیگر به وجود یک گونه واحد از زبان انگلیسی اعتقاد نداشته و به تدریج به « انگلیسی های دنیا » معتقد شده اند. در حقیقت آنها از یک گونه انگلیسی کامل و واحد چشم پوشی کرده و برای برقراری ارتباط با دیگر افراد در سراسر جهان گونه های دیگری از انگلیسی را نیز می پذیرند. بعلاوه با وجود اینکه شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش گونه های غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی را پذیرفته اند، گرایش داشتن آنها به گونه های آمریکایی و بریتانیایی نشان می دهد که آنها به یادگیری زبان نگرشی مثبت دارند Manuscript profile

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17 - Bayesian Analysis of Spatial Probit Models for Investigating the Adoption of High Yielding Wheat Varieties
Anahita Nazari Gooran Vali Borimnejad

The aim of this study, firstly, is to investigate and identify the factors leading to the adoption of high yielding wheat varieties grown by farmers. Secondly, it is to consider the impacts of neighborhood on farmers’ decisions about adoption of wheat varieties as More

The aim of this study, firstly, is to investigate and identify the factors leading to the adoption of high yielding wheat varieties grown by farmers. Secondly, it is to consider the impacts of neighborhood on farmers’ decisions about adoption of wheat varieties as spatial data. For this purpose, Spatial Probit Discrete Choice model and Bayesian method will be used to estimate the model by using MATLAB software. The data are collected by 214 farmers in central part of Qazvin city via Simple Random Sampling. The results of the models estimated by using Bayesian method shows that adoption of high yielding wheat varieties are affected by variables such as rural production cooperatives, farming experience, age, quantity of wheat production and Spatial Autoregressive Coefficient. Manuscript profile

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18 - Comparative Study of Assimilation Process in various Language of Fars Province
Mahrokh Monsef Aliye Kord Zafaranlou Kambouziya Arsalan Golfaam

The main concern of this article is to analyze the assimilation process between consonants of 15 various languages of Fars Province such as Shirazi, Shurabi, Kazeruni, Davani, Abduyi, Mamassani, Papuni, Richi, Birovakani, Dadenjani, Mehbodi, Zaxoruyei, Ghalati, Lari and More

The main concern of this article is to analyze the assimilation process between consonants of 15 various languages of Fars Province such as Shirazi, Shurabi, Kazeruni, Davani, Abduyi, Mamassani, Papuni, Richi, Birovakani, Dadenjani, Mehbodi, Zaxoruyei, Ghalati, Lari and Xonji based on the generative phonology. Data required for conducting this research have been extracted from the written documents such as books, theses, and also articles. In addition, if this type of research requires more extended data or verifying their collected data, the writer interviewed with the informants of the mentioned varieties of languages and records their speeches. Some of the main results are as follows: 1. Assimilation in consonantal clusters /-st/ and /-nb/ are more frequent than other clusters in the mentioned 15 varieties of languages. 2. In these 15 varieties, assimilation in manner of articulation is more frequent than other features such as place of articulation or voicing. 3. Progressive and partial assimilation are more common than regressive and total integration. 4. In these varieties of languages, in consonants assimilation of two-consonantal sequences, the sonorant consonant is always more dominant. 5. In consonants assimilation within these varieties, assimilation among consonants with the same place of articulation is always results in total assimilation and consequently yields fake germination. Manuscript profile

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19 - Comparative Investigation of Kinship Terms in Some Varieties of Kerman Province (Based on Murdak’s mode of use pattern)
hamed molaei koohbanani mohamadreza pahlavan nezhad

At recent years, there have been severalresearches on phonological, morphological and syntactic structure of Persiandialects but anthropological aspects of these dialects have not been receivedenough attention. The goal of this research is to investigate Kinship terms i More

At recent years, there have been severalresearches on phonological, morphological and syntactic structure of Persiandialects but anthropological aspects of these dialects have not been receivedenough attention. The goal of this research is to investigate Kinship terms inKermani, Kuhbanani, Bardsiri, Bafti, Jirofti, Kahnuji, Fariyabi and Ghaleganjivarieties of Kerman province. According to Murdak, Kinship Terms are dividedinto three categories: mode of use, linguistic structure and range ofapplication. In this paper, Kinship Terms are investigated according to mode ofuse. In general, 45 Kinship Terms of these varieties are collected which can bedivided into three categories. Contrastive investigations of these data showthat Kinship Terms of south kerman varieties are more different than standardPersian in comparison with north kerman. Findings of the research show thatGender And bifurcation Criteria of Murdak mode of use pattern are ignored insome Kinship Terms of south kerman varieties but all of the Criteria of Murdakmode of use pattern are regarded in Kinship Terms of north kerman varieties Manuscript profile

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20 - number of Phonological Processes in 15 Language Varieties of Kerman Province
alie kord zaferanloo kamboozia paria razm dideh

The chief concern of this research is to analyze a number of phonological processes such as “ insertion, stopping, and spirantization” in 15 language varieties of Kerman Province such as Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Rabor, Rafsanjan, South Rudbar, Zarand, Sirjan, Sha More

The chief concern of this research is to analyze a number of phonological processes such as “ insertion, stopping, and spirantization” in 15 language varieties of Kerman Province such as Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Rabor, Rafsanjan, South Rudbar, Zarand, Sirjan, Shahrebabak, Kerman, Golbaf, Gougher and Meymand, based on generative phonology. Most of the mentioned varieties had written documents such as dictionary, poetical works and proverb. Also a number of articles and theses have been written about most of them, from which the required data for this research has been extracted. Additionally, if it required more data, the researchers have directly interviewed with two men and two women informants. Some of the most important results of this reaserch are mentioned here: 1. Dِِeletion of the final glottal consonant /h/, and then, if the next morpheme starts with a vowel, one the glides [j] or [w] should be inserted which this insertion between two vowels depends on the features of the second vowel. 2. In language varieties of Kerman Province glottal stop // is inserted at the beginning of the words which start with a vowel. 3. In a number of Kerman Language Varieties the continuant, uvular and voiced consonant / / is replaced with its stop pair [G] in Standard Persian at the end of a word or syllable Manuscript profile

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21 - مطالعه مقایسه ای بین واریته های مختلف گل جعفری برای عادت رشد و کیفیت گلدهی در شرایط لاهور
Malik Mehmood Ghazal Rahim Abdul Wahid

هشت واریته گل جعفری (’ناری‘ (نارنجی)، ’بیندی‘ (نارنجی)، ’بالی‘ (نارنجی)، ’لیتل داک‘ (نارنجی)، ’بالی‘ (زرد)، ’بالی‘ (طلایی)، ’لیتل داک‘ (زرد) و ’ایگل‘ (زرد)) در یک مزرعه رو با More

هشت واریته گل جعفری (’ناری‘ (نارنجی)، ’بیندی‘ (نارنجی)، ’بالی‘ (نارنجی)، ’لیتل داک‘ (نارنجی)، ’بالی‘ (زرد)، ’بالی‘ (طلایی)، ’لیتل داک‘ (زرد) و ’ایگل‘ (زرد)) در یک مزرعه رو باز در مرکز پرورشی تخصصی گل و فضای سبز در لاهور پاکستان در سالهای 2019-2018 از نظر عادت رشد و کیفیت گلدهی با هم مقایسه شدند. در بین واریتهها، تفاوتهای معنیداری از نظر عادت رشد و گلدهی ثبت شد. حداکثر درصد جوانهزنی (5/94 درصد) در واریته ’بیندی‘ (نارنجی) و سپس ’لیتل داک‘ (زرد) با 75/82 درصد مشاهده شد. واریتههای ’بالی‘ (نارنجی) و ’بیندی‘ کمترین تعداد روز تا اول گل آغازی (بهترتیب 75/21 روز و 24 روز) را نشان دادند. نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای رشد مثل ارتفاع گیاه (675/11 سانتیمتر)، تعداد جوانه (825/22)، تعداد شاخه جانبی (6/34)، قطر گل (9/7 سانتیمتر)، طول ریشه (9/14 سانتیمتر) و تعداد ریشه (575/30) در واریته ’بیندی‘ در حداکثر بودند. این در حالی است که واریته ’ناری‘ (نارنجی) بیشترین تعداد گل (65/6) را داشت. بنابراین ما میتوانیم واریته ’بیندی‘ را واریته برتر از نظر رشد و گلدهی در شرایط لاهور معرفی کنیم. Manuscript profile

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22 - Phenology and Morphological Diversity of the Main Potato Cultivars in Iran
M. Ranjbar M. Nasr Esfahani Moh. Nasr Esfahani S. Salehi

The phenotypic diversity of potato, Solanum tuberosum was assessed using morphological traits. To verify, how this diversity is distributed among the main potato varieties in the growing areas in Iran. A total of eleven potato varieties, Ramose, Sante, Shepody, Marfona, More

The phenotypic diversity of potato, Solanum tuberosum was assessed using morphological traits. To verify, how this diversity is distributed among the main potato varieties in the growing areas in Iran. A total of eleven potato varieties, Ramose, Sante, Shepody, Marfona, Maradona, Milova, Santana, Boren, Cosima, Granola and Agria, were evaluated under vivo and situ experimental conditions in Isfahan, conditions, Iran. Seven phenological, floral and morphological vegetative aerial descriptors, Growth Rate=CGR, Net Assimilation Rate=NAR, Leaf Area Duration=LAD, Leaf Area Ratio=LAR and specific Leaf Area=SLA were recorded. The descriptors were evaluated by SAS Software and their means comparison by DMRT test. Certain defined groups were observed, indicating that the diversity of the cultivars are structured with a considerable morphological variation in between the varieties with a very high significant growth indices. Manuscript profile

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23 - Production Characteristics of Cocoyam Farmers in Enugu State
Kelvin Eze Remigius Ozioko David Okoronkwo Martha Mamah Cynthia Nwobodo

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24 - Ethnic Communities Own Agrobiodiversity Richness (A Case of Triyuga Municipality of Udayapur District In "epal)
Pawan Singh Bhandari

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25 - The Influence of Socio-Economic Variables of Farmers on their Choice of Cassava Varieties in Kogi State, Nigeria.
S. J. Ibitoye

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26 - عوامل تعیین‌کنندة میزان پذیرش ارقام اصلاح‌شدة سیب‌زمینی شیرین توسط کشاورزان نیجریه
راشد آداولا کهینده اوگونلی ویلیامز ادئوله

سیب زمینی شیرین (Ipomoea batatas) یکی از گیاهان غده‌ای پرمصرف در میان بسیاری از خانوارهای نیجریه است. این گیاه ارقام مختلف با رنگ پوست و گوشت متنوع دارد. سطح تولید این گیاه مهم همچنان بسیار پایین است که به امنیت غذایی لطمه می‌زند. سیب زمینی شیرین یکی از محصولات هدف در ب More

سیب زمینی شیرین (Ipomoea batatas) یکی از گیاهان غده‌ای پرمصرف در میان بسیاری از خانوارهای نیجریه است. این گیاه ارقام مختلف با رنگ پوست و گوشت متنوع دارد. سطح تولید این گیاه مهم همچنان بسیار پایین است که به امنیت غذایی لطمه می‌زند. سیب زمینی شیرین یکی از محصولات هدف در برنامة فرصت‌های سرمایه‌گذاری بخش کشاورزی نیجریه است. بااین‌حال، تولید اصلاح‌شدة سیب زمینی شیرین هنوز در سطح وسیعی توسط کشاورزی ایالت اویو مورد استقبال قرار نگرفته است. درنتیجه، لازم بود عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش ارقام اصلاح‌شدة سیب زمینی شیرین توسط کشاورزان این ایالت مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. داده‌ها از 350 زارعی جمع‌آوری شدند که به صورت تصادفی از دو ناحیة کشاورزی در این ایالت انتخاب شده بودند. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده به کمک آمار توصیفی بررسی و ارائه شدند و با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون توبیت تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اندازة مزرعه، سن، سطح تحصیلات رسمی، زودرسی، پتانسیل عملکرد بالا، دسترسی به بازار، مقاومت به آفات و بیماری‌ها و دسترسی به تاکستان‌ها تأثیر معنی‌دار بر پذیرش ارقام اصلاح‌شدة سیب زمینی شیرین داشت. دسترسی به تاکستان‌های ارقام اصلاح‌شده، پتانسیل عملکرد بالا، زودرسی، مقاومت به آفات و بیماری‌ها و دسترسی به بازار خصوصیات مربوط به فناوری بودند که هم بر پذیرش ارقام اصلاح‌شدة سیب زمینی شیرین و هم بر سطح کاربرد آنها تأثیرگذار بودند. بنابراین، این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که ضروری است پژوهشگران برای کمک به افزایش پذیرش و استفاده از ارقام اصلاح‌شدة سیب زمینی شیرین، خصوصیات موردنظر کشاورزان را در برنامة‌ توسعة این ارقام لحاظ کنند. Manuscript profile

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27 - Yield and Growth Performance of Selected Vetch Species Under Rain-fed Conditions at Three Locations of Dessie Zuria District Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Destaw Zemene Tadesse Sisay

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28 - The effect of autumn and spring planting season on yield and yield components chickpea in the dry conditions Aleshtar
payam pezeshkpour

Abstract Planting date and genotype are two important factors affecting the growth and yield of crops, including chickpea.Therefore,In order to investigate the possibility of winter chickpea grown under dryland conditions in comparison with conventional farming (spring More

Abstract Planting date and genotype are two important factors affecting the growth and yield of crops, including chickpea.Therefore,In order to investigate the possibility of winter chickpea grown under dryland conditions in comparison with conventional farming (spring) and to determine the appropriate figures in each of the seasons of planting, research was conducted in the agricultural year 2008-2009 in Aleshta.Experiment two sowing seasons (winter and spring) and Varieties (Azzad, Arman, Hashem and local mass Greet) that the factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications.The results showed the effect of planting season, grain yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, one seed and two seed pods per unit area, number of pods per plant and seed weight were significant. Fall planting 1819.8 kg per hectare in grain yield, number of pods per unit area 669.3 pods per square meter and the number of seeds per square meter(675) increased. The different varieties significant effect on grain yield, number of seeds per pod, pod and seed weight per unit area had a single seed.The highest grain yield (2243.3kg ha) related to the cultivation of winter and Azad varity.Due to a significant increase in crop yield of winter to spring and good product positioning also recommend This product Aleshtar dry conditions in winter and Azad varieties resistant to blight disease is to be planted. Manuscript profile

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29 - Evaluation of yield and correlation between traits of ten new cotton cultivars in spring and summer plantings in Moghan region
Fatemeh Vadaye Kheiri siros mansorifar Saeid Hokmalipour

In order to study the yield and correlation between traits of cotton varieties in Moghan region according to their cultivation date, an experiment was performed on 10 varieties of cotton in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013-2014 planting More

In order to study the yield and correlation between traits of cotton varieties in Moghan region according to their cultivation date, an experiment was performed on 10 varieties of cotton in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013-2014 planting year in the farm of Ardebil Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources (Moghan). In this experiment, different characteristics of the two spring planting (15 May) and summer planting (21 June) survey and data obtained were statistically analyzed. The results from compound data analysis revealed that, all the traits under study except plant height, as affected by date planting. The interaction effect of planting date × variety was significant for all traits except plant height and second term harvesting. Maximum of first and second term harvesting were obtained jointly at Mehr, Avangard, Sp-731, Sp-732, No.210×spring planting and Mehr, Avangard, Sp-731, Sp-732 × summer planting, respectively. Minimum of these tow traits were obtained at Crema, Sp-731, No.200, No. 228, JR-3, No.210, No.001× summer planting. Maximum of total yield, Balls number and prematurity percentage, were observed in Sp-732, No.001, Mehr, Sp-731, No.001×spring planting, jointly. Also minimum of these traits were obtained at No.210, No.200, Sp-731× summer planting, respectively. Maximum and minimum of plant height were observed in No.001 × spring planting and Sp-732 × summer planting, respectively. Among ten cotton varieties, maximum of yield belonged to Sp-731, Avangard and Sp-732, jointly. Manuscript profile

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30 - Rice residual management on ratoon yield and agronomical characteristics in rice varieties in Amol, Iran
payam Asadi morteza Sam-Daliri hamid reza Mobasser salman Dastan

       In order to evaluate the rice residual management on ratoon yield and agronomical characteristics in rice varieties, an experiment was carried out in 2007. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block More

       In order to evaluate the rice residual management on ratoon yield and agronomical characteristics in rice varieties, an experiment was carried out in 2007. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots was four varieties including Tarom Mahalli, Tarom Langrodi, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Dylamani and three residual management including ground cutting, standing (cutting at 40 cm height) and lodging stubble (cutting at 40 cm height) as sub plots. Results showed that the highest plant height, panicle length, number of tiller per hill, panicle per m2 and grain yield was obtained in the Tarom Mahalli. The reason of highest grain yield in this variety were the increasing panicle length, number of tiller per hill and panicle per m2. The greatest number of spikelet per panicle was obtained on Tarom Hashemi. The lodging stubble method had the highest panicle length, 1000 grain weight and stubble yield. The greatest flag leaf length and fertile tiller percentage were observed in the ground cutting method. The number of spikelet per panicle had positive correlation with grain yield and the grain yield had negative correlation with tiller number at α=%1 level of probability. Therefore Tarom Mahalli variety and lodging stubble method introduced for ratooning harvest.   Manuscript profile

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31 - Evaluation of safflower genotypes selected from exotic varieties for grain and oil yields in limited irrigation condition
mohamad Sharrif Moghaddasi amir hasan Omidi

       In order to study of variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at research farm of Saveh Islamic Azad University. The experimental design was More

       In order to study of variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at research farm of Saveh Islamic Azad University. The experimental design was a 7٭7 simple lattice. The results of analysis of variance demonstrated that the differences among genotypes were highly significant (P < 0. 01) for all traits. The highest seed and oil yields were obtained from cultivars Goldasht and Padideh with 1700 and 433 kg/ha respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations showed that the grain yield per plot is significantly correlated with oil yield, number of head and seed per head and number of secondary branches.  The results of path coefficient analysis showed that increasing of seed yield has been associated with number of bulb per plant, secondary branches and number of seed per bulb with coefficients as 0.610, 0.480 and 0.300 respectively.   Manuscript profile

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32 - The Effect of drought stress and plant density on vegetative and reproductive traits of rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.)
A. Farnia E. Arasteh

      In order to study the effects of drought stress and plant density on the vegetative and reproductive traits of varieties of canola, a test  was conducted as re-broken plots in the form of completely random blocks design with four repe More

      In order to study the effects of drought stress and plant density on the vegetative and reproductive traits of varieties of canola, a test  was conducted as re-broken plots in the form of completely random blocks design with four repetitions in Boroujerd Agricultural Research Station in the agricultural year 1388-1389. In this experiment,the drought stress was studied in three levels include unstressed, two drought stresses (in the step after rosette and before beginning flowering) and three drought stresses (in the steps after rosette, before beginning flowering and filing sheath)in the main plot and different levels of plant density in three levels 6,10,and 14 kg consumed seed in each hectare in subplot and varieties of canola,three varieties Zarfam,SLM046 and Okapy in subplots. The results obtained from variance analysis of the traits under study showed that drought stress , plant density and their interactions have significant effect on the number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield ,harvest index, oil percentage and oil yield of the varieties of  canola. The most rate of  oil percentage was obtained in unstress condition and plant density 10kg/ha in variety Zarfam that regarding more biologic yield and more seed yield, it caused increasing oil percentage, by increasing water level the oil percentage was increased. Manuscript profile

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33 - Cycocel application effect on barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgar L.) under different sowing date in Mazandaran province
Reza Rahimi Baladezaei Nabi alah Nemati Hamid reza Mobasser Salman Dastan

In order to determination of Cycocel applicationeffect on barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgar L.) under different sowingdate, an experiment was carried out at split factorial in randomized completelyblock design with three replications at Mazandaran province in 2009-2010. More

In order to determination of Cycocel applicationeffect on barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgar L.) under different sowingdate, an experiment was carried out at split factorial in randomized completelyblock design with three replications at Mazandaran province in 2009-2010. Mainfactor was sowing dates in three levels including 7 and 26 November and 11December and sub factor was three varieties including Sahra, Productive and M12and cycocel rates in two levels including 0 and 2.8 lit/cycocel ha. Resultsshowed maximum and minimum of the spike per plant, grain per spike, and grainyield were obtained on 26 November and 11 December, respectively. Sahra and M12varieties had to most and least of the spike length, tiller per plant, spikeper plant, grain per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, respectively.With application of the cycocel, decreased of the stem length, but increased ofthe spike length, tiller per plant, spike per plant, grain per spike, 1000 grainweight and grain yield. Maximum and minimum of the spike length, tiller perplant and grain yield were obtained in interaction of the 26 November × sahracultivar and 11 December × M12 varieties. Therefore sowing date ofthe 26 November, sahra variety and application of the 2.8 lit/cycocel habecause of the most of increased the yield components and due to grain yieldintroduced the best of treatment. Manuscript profile

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34 - Evaluation of safflower genotypes selected from exotic varieties for grain and oil yields in limited irrigation condition
M. Sharrif Moghaddasi A. H. Omidi

To study variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at Research Farm of Saveh University. The experimental design was a 7 x 7  simple lattice. The results of analysis of More

To study variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at Research Farm of Saveh University. The experimental design was a 7 x 7  simple lattice. The results of analysis of variance demonstrated that the differences among genotypes were highly significant (P < 0. 01) for all traits. The highest seed and oil yields were obtained from cultivars Goldasht and Padideh with 1700 and433 respectively.Phenotypic and genotypic correlations showed that the grain yield per plot is significantly correlated with oil yield, number of head and seed per head and number of secondary branches.  The results of path coefficient analysis revealed that increase of seed yield was associated with number of heads. Manuscript profile

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35 - Effect of planting time, irrigation method and plant pattern on yield and yield components of potato Varieties in Jiroft, Iran
Abdol reza Najafi Moosavi

     To find the most suitable planting time, irrigationmethod, plant pattern and their effect on tuber yield of potato varieties,strip split plot experiment was done in a complete randomized block design withthree replicates in Jiroft, Iran in2008-2 More

     To find the most suitable planting time, irrigationmethod, plant pattern and their effect on tuber yield of potato varieties,strip split plot experiment was done in a complete randomized block design withthree replicates in Jiroft, Iran in2008-2009 planting season. Treatments were irrigation method at vertical factorin two level sprinkle and dripping irrigation, planting time an main: horizonin two levels night and day irrigation plant pattern an lateral horizon factorin three level planting row intervals 75cm and plant interval 20cm,planting row intervals 70cm and planting interval 21.5cmandplanting row intervals 65cm and plant interval 23cmand finally potato varieties were lateral factor in two levels, Vergo andSante. Results showed that irrigation method had significant effect on tuberyield and water was efficiency at 0.01 and on tuber number and tuber meanweight at 0.05 also on plant pattern had significant effect. Tuber yield,biomass weight and water use efficiency at 0.01 Variety effect on all elementswas significant at 0.01. Treatment of drip irrigation method had the most tuberyield with 50014 Kg/h which it was more than sprinkle irrigation method with22037 Kg/h. Day irrigationhad more yield in comparison with highirrigation. The treatment of sante variety with trickle and day irrigation andplant pattern of 65×23cm, had the most yield with 5547 kg/h and itis recommended for this region. Manuscript profile

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36 - Evaluation of 38 varieties of bread wheat in heat stress tolerance is calculated based on the season of the untamed STI farm
seyed saeed sayahi Fatemeh Komaei

To evaluate different bread wheat cultivar in the Heat of the end of the season, agricultural experiment in the veys area 10 km East of Ahvaz, split plot in randomized complete design with 4 repeat was conducted. The main factor of this experiment include, good planting More

To evaluate different bread wheat cultivar in the Heat of the end of the season, agricultural experiment in the veys area 10 km East of Ahvaz, split plot in randomized complete design with 4 repeat was conducted. The main factor of this experiment include, good planting date (15 azarmah) and delay the planting (20 deymah) and the sub factor of this test, genotypes (38 pcs) where considered.Delay Planting date was considered the plant will end with the heat of season. In this experiment yield and yield component, the STI tolerance index was also estimated by Fernandez as a criterion for measuring end-season heat stress tolerance in 38 genotypes. Varieties of Chamran, bayat, and also Arvand Rud has the highest STI in among 38 genotypes to studied. Varieties of Chamran, bayat, Arvand Rud, virginia, plateau and-78-11 genotypes bearing the name of thermal stress. Other genotypes where evaluated according to stress tolerance index and previous report result sensitive genotypes were called. Totally in Khuzestan provinceIf the selection of suitable varieties and possibility of optimal agriculture processing are carried out. Can be cultivated with tolerance varieties, while maintaining high performance, it improves the sustainability of production. Manuscript profile

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37 - The effect of cultivars, density and weed control on yield and yield components of rainfed chickpea
ارسلان فلاحي فرهاد صادقی

To evaluate the effect of chickpea cultivars ( Azad, Arman, Hashem and Adel ), three plant density ( 31.3, 38.5 and 50 m ) and weed control on yield and yield components of pea, an experiment was carried out on the farm of Agricultural Research Station, Razi University More

To evaluate the effect of chickpea cultivars ( Azad, Arman, Hashem and Adel ), three plant density ( 31.3, 38.5 and 50 m ) and weed control on yield and yield components of pea, an experiment was carried out on the farm of Agricultural Research Station, Razi University of Kermanshah in 2015. Design was conducted in factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits included the number of pods, main branch, seeds per pod, grains per plant, grain weight per plant, 100 grain weight, grain yield and biological yield. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of cultivars and weeding were significant for the traits at one percent. Effect of plant density and interactive cultivars × density were noticeable at the level of one percent for more characters except the number of seeds per pod and number of main branches per plant. Azad was the best cultivar with the greatest amount of seeds per plant, number of pods, number of main branches, weight of grains per plant, grain yield and biomass, 9.47, 8.89, 2.74, 2.59 gr and 1103 and 2953.8 kg. ha, respectively. Density of 31.3 perm2 was the most appropriate density for the number seed per plant, number of pods, seed weight per plant, biomass and grain yield per unit area, with 10.3, 9.44, 9.75, 3158 and 1114.7 kg ha respectively. According to our survey Hashem and Azad cultivars with the density of 31.3 plant per square meter together with weed control were the most suitable for the temperate region of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile

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