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Open Access Article
1 - Subjective evaluation of urban street soundscape via sound walk technique Case study: Emam Khomeyni street in Tabriz
nasrin mohsen haghighi Abbas Ghaffari Ayda MalekiThe soundscape is one of the perceptual dimensions of the urban landscape, the quality of which depends on the pleasantness of the auditory perception of individuals. Different sonic potentials and, in general, the acoustic environment of any urban space is affected by MoreThe soundscape is one of the perceptual dimensions of the urban landscape, the quality of which depends on the pleasantness of the auditory perception of individuals. Different sonic potentials and, in general, the acoustic environment of any urban space is affected by the character and role of the area in the city. The central streets of the town are one of the urban spaces that, in addition to passing the various modes of transportation like light vehicles, heavy vehicles, motorcycles, buses, and BRT, include diverse land uses and functions and activities that it is both a transit space and a destination space for pedestrians. The acoustic quality of this space, which is affected by traffic flow and all activities that take place there, has a significant impact on the tendency of people to use the area and its pleasantness. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the quality of soundscape perception of pedestrians on Imam Street in Tabriz, which is the central main street of the city that embraces various architectural heritage sites and buildings. The sound walk method was used for the subjective assessment of 30 people (17 men and 13 women) based on the standard requirements of ISO12913-2. After giving the necessary training to the people, they were asked to walk from Fajr square to Shahid Beheshti Square, focusing on listening and evaluating the soundscape of the route at three station points. The results showed that nature-related sounds like bird songs, wind in the trees, and human sounds like conversations, kids playing sounds were assessed as pleasant, and the traffic-related sounds were assessed negatively. These unpleasant sounds were bus passing, motorcycles, horns, and sirens. In terms of overall soundscape quality, the route from Shariati Intersection to Saat square was evaluated as more eventful, memorable, chaotic, vibrant and pleasant. It seems this part's character and spatial organization have a meaningful effect on the pleasantness of the soundscape. The characteristics that differ from the two other factors are openness, different grades of the enclosure, the quality of porosity of the façade, diversity of the old buildings, sight to the heritage sites and buildings like Alishah Citadel, Saat palace and diversity in land use and functions like cinemas, fast foods and restaurants. When it was asked if the soundscape quality of space is according to your expectations, surprisingly, the majority of respondents answered that yes, and it was because the street is one of the main routes of the city, and it is normal to be chaotic and loud, but they admitted that this loudness shouldn't be related to unpleasant sounds. On the hand, results demonstrated that in similar traffic conditions, the factors affecting the perceptual pleasantness of individuals depend on the following factors: diversity of land use and activity (increasing diversity (spatial contrast) Leads to increased pleasantness, increased open and green space including diverse vegetation, reduced background noise level as well as architectural species of heritage value (the presence of valuable architectural heritage increases overall pleasantness). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation of Aesthetics and Place Identity
Behnaz Aminzadeh The shortage of theories and research in the field of urban design aesthetics have caused that the creation of beautiful landscape in cities to be regarded as a marginal and selective subject, depending on individual and personal tastes of the c More The shortage of theories and research in the field of urban design aesthetics have caused that the creation of beautiful landscape in cities to be regarded as a marginal and selective subject, depending on individual and personal tastes of the clients and designers. In related literature, the studies about the evaluation of urban aesthetics have been focused on the experts’ opinion about the beauty, and thus people's preferences of urban aesthetics are usually ignored. Galindo’s research (2005) is one of the few studies which establish connections between environmental meanings and urban aesthetics by using the people’s opinion about their environments. He introduces variables such as visual wealth, light, originality, and place memories as the most important variables of beautiful urban landscapes. This study is an attempt to demonstrate the people aesthetic preferences and its relation to the identity of place. In evaluating people’s preferences we are looking for the “beauty in the eye of beholder”, and thus the evaluation is involved in the perception of beauty and the emotion people have for their living places. Four hundred residents of the district of Navab (old and new fabrics) interviewed according to a visual test (Q-sort). The findings show that there is no considerable differences between the criteria regarding beautiful landscape and those involving sense of place; it is also recognized that for both beauty and identity the objective criteria are cited more than subjective criteria by the respondents. In detail, the result of people preferences about beauty can be summarized as below: Objective variables related to the physical appearance of the landscape are more effective than subjective variables such as beliefs and values about the place. The design of the building façade has been the most important criterion in evaluating beauty. Beautiful landscapes are mostly selected from new designed fabric of Navab. There is a public consensus in selecting desirable landscapes. Characteristics of the best three selected landscapes are their clarity of form, function, and structure. They all have a strong social context. The results about preferences for identity shows that: Objective criteria are more notable than subjective ones. Familiarity with place is the important criterion of identity; it obtained the highest rank among other variables. Three higher landscapes which constituted the highest percent of preferences have special characteristics. All are landmarks with distinctive social context and hold clear forms and functions. According to the opinions of residents of both old and new fabrics, the new fabric is more identifiable. Although the reason for this selection is residents’ familiarity with space (place identification instead of place identity) but it demonstrates how much the designed environment (as an expert product), influences the people’s preferences of place. It comes to the conclusion that a professional work holds an inherent value for people. This issue should be regarded by those who participate in designing and making decisions about cities. It seems a participatory place making, supports and enhances the compatibility between built form and the people’s preferences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Presenting a New Method in Ecological Design of Urban Green Landscape (Case Study: Kish Island)
Maryam Moinifar Behnaz AminzadehCities are places for diverse hierarchies of natural inhabitants, and thus designing their ecological landscapes is a complex process. Landscape design is more important than form creating. Landscape ecology is a science of dynamic reactions between nature and society. MoreCities are places for diverse hierarchies of natural inhabitants, and thus designing their ecological landscapes is a complex process. Landscape design is more important than form creating. Landscape ecology is a science of dynamic reactions between nature and society. Disturbance in urban landscape may cause simplification of landscape system resulted in degradation of life quality in living areas. Therefore urban development without consideration on ecological process will damage ecosystems in urban and regional scales. A good ecological design in built areas can improve ecological functions of the whole system. In this study, the application of landscape ecology together with land compatibility has been studied. The result is creating an efficient method in ecological design of urban green spaces. Urban green spaces are the most important parts of urban ecosystems, providing many social and environmental services and promoting the quality of living conditions in cities. The application of landscape ecology in urban design and consideration of urban green spaces as green networks or green infrastructures help to improve the quality of natural areas in cities. It seems that determination of an optimal method in urban landscape and green space design based on landscape ecology principles is a necessary task for landscape and urban designers. Also, recognition and introducing the interdisciplinary method in green landscape design results in positive ecological function and provides a basis for sustainability. The Kish island is selected as a case study because of its ecological sensitiveness, rapid growth development of tourism, and demand for green spaces. The main objectives of this research are as follows: a) creating a method for designing ecological urban green spaces, and b) zoning for developing, conserving or rehabilitating of green spaces in Kish island. To do this, reviewing existing ecological theories and methods and comparison of existing methods in landscape ecology are applied. The proposed method which has been nominated Ecological Land Suitability Analysis (ELSA) is based on land suitability analysis and landscape ecology principles, using GIS VER 9.2, and AHP techniques. The process of using the method is as follows: 1-Explaining of effective criteria in selection of green areas and their priorities; 2-Determination of criteria values; 3- Providing spatial layers of the selected criteria; 4- Classification of layers based on their special purpose; 5-Quantifying of quality classes using Phasy values; 6-Applying AHP weight and quantitative values in layers and determination of final weight layers; 7- Changing spatial layers from vector to raster; 8- Overlaying the spatial layers; 9-Preparing of land compatibility and suitability map; 10-Extraction of unvalued layers from total spatial layers; 11-Final layer classification and evaluation of different outputs. 12- Zoning the urban green areas in Kish Island. Results have been shown in land suitability GIS maps. The efficiency of the proposed method has been proved, using quality comparative criteria including: comprehensiveness, clearness, completeness, and flexibility, reliability, efficiency, easiness, generalizing, rapidity, necessary technology, being up to date, and fitness with the principles of theory making. It was concluded that, this method (ELSA) could be generalized in the same environmental conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effects of Townscapes in the Place Attachment Case Study: Nārmak Area in Tehran
Sakineh Maroofi Mojtaba AnsariThe nature of people–environment relationships is reflected in multiple research paradigms of the field, including studies of environmental stress, cognitive mapping, environmental assessment, human spatial behavior, conservation behaviors and ecological psycholog MoreThe nature of people–environment relationships is reflected in multiple research paradigms of the field, including studies of environmental stress, cognitive mapping, environmental assessment, human spatial behavior, conservation behaviors and ecological psychology. Environment in which man and human life are surrounded, affects the human behaviors, senses and perceptions. In this case, the built physical environment particularly in cities are the most important part of human life spaces. These spaces can affect the citizens’ life in various ways. Some of them grow out of the meaning of places, some of them are dealt with their physical features and some are concerned with the functions of environment. The quality of urban spaces depends on how they are enclosed as much as on their own attributes. This article aims to explore the interrelations between townscapes and social characters of environment.An understanding of the relationship between people and their environment is essential in urban design and planning. It assumes, that environment – people interaction in two way process. People aren’t passive, however they influence and change the environment as it influence and change them. The form and shape of a location can affect on social futures of residents in an area. Experience has shown that the design of the built environment can affect the social life. The term “sense of locality” deals with two concerns, one is sociological and the other psychological. The first has to do with the sense of one’s location, or one’s society’s location, within a larger social unit, and the second with a sense of belonging to a region and a regional culture. This research is going to answer this question: What is the relation between townscape and the sense of locality in an area? It seems that there is a meaningful relation between these variables. The attractive and appropriate townscape is an important element to enhance the sense of locality in an urban community. There is an interrelation between both tow variables. As determining the inhabitants ́ socio- cultural effects on urban landscape is too difficult, the authors study the effects of the urban landscape on the sense of locality among citizen in an area. To answer the question of the paper Nārmak area in Tehran was selected as the case study, since the area is one of the old communities in the city, its especial urban landscape and urban design the authors choose the area. The variables were determined and defined. There were two main variables in this paper. To evaluate the first variable (urban landscape) four indexes were determined. The indexes were: the design type of street and squares in the area, the quantity and quality of green coverage in the community, urban furniture, urban lighting, the coverage of footpath. Then a questionnaire was prepared and data were collected. Finally the responds were analyzed by SPSS. Based on the results, the hypothec of the investigation was accepted. It means, in the area under study there is a meaningful relation between urban landscape and the sense of locality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Urban identity and sense of place in new public spaces (Nahjolbalagheh Park in Tehran city)
Smaeil Daviran Malihe KariminezhadTraditionally only the identity of towns and places that have a certain historical works. But today these places in large cities do not have the old place. So must be identity to the cities in new places. One of the ways that these identities can be created from the use MoreTraditionally only the identity of towns and places that have a certain historical works. But today these places in large cities do not have the old place. So must be identity to the cities in new places. One of the ways that these identities can be created from the use of the identity of urban design and urban spaces, especially spaces in a furniture builder is new. This not only strengthens the identity and survival in the minds of people. But the continuation of sustainable urban identity and enhancing the sense of belonging somewhere.The purpose of this study is research role new spaces in creating sense of place belonging and without belonging place. The other hand achieve to this concept that the design of new spaces in desolate places as much impact on the community to create vitality and sense of belonging place and will result in the identity space.This research using descriptive - explanatory and using data collection methods as librarian and survival had intended to try to identify the role of design in creating a sense of belonging and research urban identity in Nahjolbalagheh park in Tehran city. The survival research in this research is observation and completion of questionnaires. Sample size is 100 cases of Nahjolbalagheh park visitors that the data collected in SPSS software was implemented and analyze hypothesis test was with the use of chi-square, Kendall, and gamma test. This research shows that community-based design space, proper placement of urban elements, the elements of identity construction, furniture and improving the quality of urban environment, including factors that may lead to new urban spaces are spaces in the maker’s identity. These finding shows that should not be sought identity in areas of historic old town. Proper design and use of furniture in a dynamic urban spaces abandoned not only led to the development of social spaces, increasing the level of citizen engagement, a sense of belonging somewhere, peace and comfort is psychological. But also on improving the security space. This study with studying of Nahjolbalagheh park of Tehran city examined the content expressed that how old abandoned space using design tools in new and dynamic space and time resolution of the identity and authentication mechanism be created.Therefore can say to be promoted how much quality and service in space, how well the various elements of the quality of urban spaces and urban design elements in public spaces, especially the new builder of quality and quantity as so attract the people, the use of space, satisfying feeling of space and space and thus increase the shelf-space and space in mind and the space is identity. The purpose of this study is research new space and role of new spaces in creating sense of place and belonging is non-place. Therefore results of studies show that identity and sense of belonging related with style and environment design and improving the quality of the urban landscape, such as furniture, identity and urban culture in the new areas will be strengthened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the Role of Urban Landscaping in the Perception of Collective Spaces Using Perceptual Potentials (Case study: Third Square of Tehranpars)
Saeed Sharif kazemi Haleh Hosseinpour -
Open Access Article
7 - Organizing the Urban Landscape with Emphasis on Legibility, Using Visual Preference Technique (V.P.T) (Case Study: Khayyam Street of Qazvin)
Hossein Najafi charmini Maryam Khastou -
Open Access Article
8 - Measuring the effect of the color of environmental advertisements on the urban landscape of Mashhad's Felestin Street
pouya matini Hadi SarvariAs the main factor of advertising in the last century and as the newest one, environmental advertising is one of the building components of the city landscape. Although advertising is one of the methods of beautifying the urban landscape, sometimes people use urban spac MoreAs the main factor of advertising in the last century and as the newest one, environmental advertising is one of the building components of the city landscape. Although advertising is one of the methods of beautifying the urban landscape, sometimes people use urban spaces for advertising regardless of their visual beauty. The landscape of urban spaces is affected by many factors. Environmental advertising is one of the most important influencing factors in terms of urban spaces due to its close relationship with the body of the city and also an objective factor in people's eyes. Therefore, the role of environmental advertising in the urban landscape is of great importance, in order to develop an organizing plan or to modify urban views. The purpose of this research is to measure the effect of environmental advertising color on the urban landscape in Felestin Street, Mashhad, in order to use it to improve the quality of the landscape in this area. In this research, by using a questionnaire and a population of 352 people and spss software, information related to advertising boards in Felestin was collected and by using analysis methods and Spearman's correlation test and multiple regression, as well as field observation and collection, the resulting information was processed. has been The results obtained from this research show that there is a significant relationship between the color of environmental advertisements and urban landscape, and the attention to color in environmental advertisements, according to the investigations and the use of Spearman's test, where the significance level was less than 0.05. It has a direct effect on increasing the quality of urban landscapes, and in particular, according to the obtained regression coefficient (0.04), it can be concluded that the color of environmental protection has little effect on the urban landscape of Felestin Street. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Study of Tehran Nature Bridge and its impact on urban landscape
Somayeh Nedaei Mohsen KamaliIntroduction & Objective: The urban landscape in Iran, especially in metropolitan areas, like other developing countries, has suffered from diminished modernization, lack of vitality and vitality. Especially because of the variety of new physical barriers, seeing fr MoreIntroduction & Objective: The urban landscape in Iran, especially in metropolitan areas, like other developing countries, has suffered from diminished modernization, lack of vitality and vitality. Especially because of the variety of new physical barriers, seeing from the inside out to the city in this sense which is getting closer to the nature and landscape of the city, has been ignored. Today pedestrians are more likely to be involved with street traffic. One of the effective ways for lesser pedestrians to engage in traffic is to use pedestrian overpass bridges, the most important of which is the reduction of pedestrian interference and pedestrian safety. Therefore, the propos of this research is Identify effective factors in enhancing beauty of the urban landscape through modern instruments and the effect of the nature bridge on the readability and the exploration of the factors that make this structure apparent. Method:Library studies and questionnaires. Findings:The readability and impact of the nature bridge in the urban context and the public view, which is designed using the principles of urban landscape. ConclusionThe results of this research showed that the design of the nature bridge is considerably more urban in terms of urban landscape and readability for passersby is quite tangible and well-known, as well as in terms of the use and performance of one of the successful urban structures. According to the findings, the form and form, as well as factors The effective urban landscape in designing this bridge has been linked with users and its indexation in global societies. Therefore, the design of the bridge in the country is necessary with the criteria and principles of urban landscape design, using successful patterns in this field as well as The use of design and engineering teams to design and sample examples of bridges that meet the principles and criteria Coordinated urban landscape and add value and richness of urban environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Policy making for parks and urban landscape organization to obtain citizen participations
Ehsan Sepahvand Rasoul Mohammad Rezaie B. hayatiIntroduction and Goals: The organization of urban parks and green space is one of the municipal's organizations which has important role in studying, designing, operation and protection of urban green spaces. But it seems to obtain these goals the management of urban wo MoreIntroduction and Goals: The organization of urban parks and green space is one of the municipal's organizations which has important role in studying, designing, operation and protection of urban green spaces. But it seems to obtain these goals the management of urban won't be able to success by the common and traditional methods that why it needs to use powerful planning for answer the requests. The scientists believe that powerful planning is participation and in addition they will be ensuring of project successfulness by citizen participation on conceptions. Methods: In this research the approaches of participation by reputation criteria were used and then tried to made policy for parks and urban green space organization. Results: Residents of neighborhoods Encouragement to formation of people who interested on landscape (green helpers), and interaction with urban landscape organization Representatives, To turn matters relating to green space and using residential participator for: investment, Execution and maintenance of these area scan be planned and proposed solutions to improve the quality of their landscape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Assessing the Visual-Spatial Quality of the Urban Landscape over Time (Case Study: Region 8, District 1 of Tehran)
katayoon Teymoorian seyed mohsen mirIntroduction & Objective: The urban landscape is the totality of the mind, the interaction between man and the environment, and the mental image remains in the human mind. Urban landscape is a phenomenon that is revealed only through human experience in the interact MoreIntroduction & Objective: The urban landscape is the totality of the mind, the interaction between man and the environment, and the mental image remains in the human mind. Urban landscape is a phenomenon that is revealed only through human experience in the interaction between man and the environment. Due to the importance of urban landscape, the purpose of this article is to analyze the visual-spatial quality of urban landscape over time in District 8 of Tehran. Method: This research is a content analysis that has been done by exploratory method. The data used by the municipality of the study area have been provided. In order to achieve the research indicators, first the spatial analysis indicators and then the visual quality indicators for District 8 of District 1 of Tehran have been studied. Indicators are recorded based on the assessment of the perceptual approach based on the observer's view (scenes and places) with the camera (on routes in the study area). Results: According to the obtained results, it can be noted that in each of the factors studied in the study area, one of the criteria in the form of the concept of time dimension, is more prominent. So that sometimes man-made factors dominate the environment more, and sometimes the natural factors of the environment with the presence of man-made factors have a more prominent presence in the environment. Conclusion: In the evaluation of the present study, the studied paths in visual quality, path number 2 is more important, which requires planning and codified design to be able to revive the identifying elements of the area. Depending on the spatial characteristics of the study area, consecutive and related views lead to the creation of many three-dimensional values. These consecutive views, by moving from one direction to another, create a strong emphasis and impression on the observer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Landscape management of urban distressed areas with Emphasis on visual and spatial Organization; Case study: Khak sefid Neighborhood
Zahra Khodaee Marjan ShahabzadehIntroduction and Objective: Spatial and visual organization impact due to a strong role in the management of urban landscape and environment perception is notable in the pathology and organizing urban landscape of worn out tissues. This paper aims to create favorable m MoreIntroduction and Objective: Spatial and visual organization impact due to a strong role in the management of urban landscape and environment perception is notable in the pathology and organizing urban landscape of worn out tissues. This paper aims to create favorable mental perspective and to mitigate these negative views of contemporary worn out tissues and accelerate economic and social vitality to these tissues studying the role of spatial and visual organization. Methods: based on literature review in connection with the urban landscape, is studying the role of spatial and visual organization to create mental perspective as a tool to control and manage the urban landscape and then with the case study of Khak Sefid neighborhood as a contemporary worn out tissues is used an introduced tool practically. Results: The results of this study showed that the use of spatial and visual organization is caused upgrade aesthetic qualities, Identifying to the site, legibility of site from objective and subjective perspective and physical and functional resilience. . Conclusion: Visual and spatial organization as a means of creating a mental picture of the place has a significant impact on the physical and metaphysical elements regulatory environment. Spatial and visual organization impact due to a strong role in the management of urban landscape and environment perception is notable in the pathology and organizing urban landscape of worn out tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Agricultural Museum Site: An Educational Approach to Promoting Urban Environment
Neda Zarkesh Reza Sameh Mohammad Mehdi ZarrabiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, one of the most important strategies in the face of the increased population of cities is the design of green space in part of the urban structure. Empowerment at the urban and regional levels should meet the needs of life and respond MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, one of the most important strategies in the face of the increased population of cities is the design of green space in part of the urban structure. Empowerment at the urban and regional levels should meet the needs of life and respond to the needs of citizens. Agriculture has a valuable heritage in Iran and depreciating it in this rich and talented country not only threatens food security, but also endangers environmental health. Since issues such as population growth and climate change require considering the environment. The purpose of this article is to promote environmental conditions by creating an agricultural museum site and establishing a link between the man-made environment and natural environment in order to provide good conditions for education and create a good environmental culture and expand the recreational space. Methodology: The present study uses a descriptive and analytical research method. After describing the previous studies in this field as well as their function, the approaches and goals related to agricultural education in the city and its suburbs will be discussed and the proposed activities on Agricultural Museum Site will be classified into six factors and their impact on each of the mentioned approaches will be analyzed. Findings: The findings of the research show that urban and suburban agricultural approaches, productive urban landscape, design of ecosystems and performance analysis of each one, including their educational, tourism, recreational, economic, social and cultural roles and climatic changes help promote the quality of the natural environment Discussion and Conclusion: The Agricultural Museum Site is a naturalistic approach and presented as an educational approach to promote the urban environment in this research. Therefore, the allocation of urban and suburban lands to productive lands, such as the Agricultural Museum Site and its proper management as part of the social spaces of cities and a place for social interactions have helped revive the green space and improve the quality of the living environment in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - To Assess the Impact of Extension and Education Classes of Plant Clinics on Sustainable Urban Landscape in Tehran Municipality (Case of Study of 17th and 18th Regions)
Sedighe Sarvari S.Jamal Farajolah Hosseini Sahar DehyouriUrban population is growing rapidly and also its requirements are growing fast. This problem needs further attention on sustainability urban landscape. Citizen’s participation and gradual cultural change considered among the best methods for developing and conserv MoreUrban population is growing rapidly and also its requirements are growing fast. This problem needs further attention on sustainability urban landscape. Citizen’s participation and gradual cultural change considered among the best methods for developing and conserving the urban landscape. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of extension and education classes of plant clinics on sustainable urban landscape in Tehran Municipality. The research type was applied and descriptive, casual / correlative methods were used. The population of study was 280 persons who attended the educational classes of plant clinics in 17th and 18th regions of Tehran Municipality. The data was collected by questionnaire and was analyzed by using SPSS win software. The results of study showed that there was meaningful relationship between sustainability of urban landscape as dependent variable and awareness about benefit of landscape, attending educational classes, educational level, interest about plants and flower and attitude about flower and plant as independent variables. The results of regression analysis indicated that attitude about plants and flower determined 19% of sustainability of urban landscape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Applying Network Analysis to the Planning of Urban Green Spaces (Case Study of Ahvas Metropolis)
Sorour Shafinejad Fatemeh Poodat Forouzan FarrokhianBackground and Objective: Uncontrolled urban expansion leads to fragmentation and isolation of native vegetation that are surrounded by built environment. Nevertheless, urban green patches with suitable condition are still able to serve as a connected network to support MoreBackground and Objective: Uncontrolled urban expansion leads to fragmentation and isolation of native vegetation that are surrounded by built environment. Nevertheless, urban green patches with suitable condition are still able to serve as a connected network to support biological diversity and enhance the ecological functioning of landscape. This research aims to study the value of green spaces, in maintenance of connectivity of the urban green network of Ahvaz and applying the results in urben green patches planning. Material and Methodology: The method is through modelling and studying the case study of ahvaz metropolis. Also the landscape ecological approach and a network analysis is used. To determine a network, all green patches in Ahvaz landscape, both in the public and private were incorporated due to their habitat values in nesting native animal species. Landscape network is modelled based on Graph Theory and using IIC metric and the network connectivity and the importance of nodes were assessed. Also, patches are prioritized based on their importance. Findings: Resaults revealed the largest patches are of higher priority that are the farms in 4th and 5th district and a large urban park in 3rd district. Indeed, the most valuable patches are located in a linear pattern along the river path. Discussion and Conclusion: Accurate identification of ecological valuable patches assist the targeted increases in per capita green space and suitable distribution of green spaces within the city of Ahvaz, in particular, those districts that suffer from the low per capita of green patches, which leads to effective enhancement and conservation of most important green spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Assessment and Sustainable Urban Landscape Design in 2th Region of Tehran Municipality, with Eco-City Approach
Afrooz Eslami Nasim Sahraei Nejad Seyyed Hossein Moosavi FatemiBasis and Goals: Lack of attention to the issue of sustainability in development process leads cities to a growing trend of unsustainability. Eco-cities pave the way for sustainability through integrated planning and management by saving energy, reducing pollution and i MoreBasis and Goals: Lack of attention to the issue of sustainability in development process leads cities to a growing trend of unsustainability. Eco-cities pave the way for sustainability through integrated planning and management by saving energy, reducing pollution and increasing the quality of life of citizens. In recent years in metropolis of Tehran, the quality of life has declined sharply, so by creating Eco-city, efforts are being made to increase the quality of life of citizens. The main purpose of this study is, first, determining the factors affecting achievement of Eco-city approach and explain their importance, then score the 9areas of Tehran Region2 based on the factors and finally provide design solutions to achieve sustainability and Eco-city. Method: The present research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, descriptive-analytical and research data were collected through library studies, field surveys and questionnaires. After determining the effective criteria by reviewing theoretical basis and using the opinions of urban landscape experts and AHP analytical method and pair-wise comparison of criteria and calculations in Excel software, the importance of the criteria was weighted and then the potential of different areas of Tehran Region2 was evaluated. Using SWOT technique, the data collected through field surveying of study area will be analyzed to provide more accurate design strategies. Findings: The results of the research show that region 9 has the highest score among the region 2 in terms of using the evaluated criteria effective on the ecological city approach, which means that in this region, compared to other regions, there are more measures to achieve and finally, by carrying out studies to identify and analyze District 9 of region 2 of Tehran Municipality and considering the opportunities and limitations of this area, various solutions for sustainable design and on the way to achieving an ecological city in this area in the form of a strategic plan were proposed and presented. Discussion: Based on the studies, it is clear that the basic design of the urban landscape based on the presented solutions is a platform for increasing the sustainability and development of the ecological city approach and transforming this urban area into a quality habitat for the settlement and survival of human and non-human species, and at the same time, it is a model for Other districts and urban areas will provide with similar conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Comparative comparison of the effect of eco park indicators on sustainable urban landscape (Case study: Mountain Park and Mashhad Sun Park)
toktam hanaee elnaz khaliliBackgeround and Objective: Sustainable urban landscapes affect the psychological well-being of citizens, and the characteristics of the sustainable landscape in the context of ecological parks are very important due to the citizens' welcome to the parks while protecting MoreBackgeround and Objective: Sustainable urban landscapes affect the psychological well-being of citizens, and the characteristics of the sustainable landscape in the context of ecological parks are very important due to the citizens' welcome to the parks while protecting native plant and wildlife species and promoting human values and vitality in a recreational environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of eco-park indicators on sustainable urban landscapes.. Material and Methodology: This research is analytical-descriptive with a practical purpose and a statistical population. According to the target group of experts in the field of landscape and green space in Mashhad, 28 people have been selected by the counting method. Prioritization of research variables and significant relationships between them were performed by a T-test with SPSS software and Smart PLS.The indicators of eco-parks in these parks are poorly evaluated, and these two parks still face construction challenges in the natural texture of the mountains, but the indicators have a higher score than the mountain park due to the use of a less intact mountainous area and more citizens' knowledge of Sun Park. Discussion and Conclusions: Eco-park indicators are effective in sustainable urban landscapes. Among the various factors, environmental and functional factors have a higher score, and a component of ecological integration means maintaining a stable and diverse structure of different species with a higher score among environmental factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Examining the effective environmental factors on urban landscape building (the case study: Investigation of Environmental Factors Affecting Urban Landscape Structures (Case Study of Arvand River (slang: saghir) Minoo in Abadan, Iran)
Nooriye Mohebi zadeh Ali Mardani -
Open Access Article
19 - Application of Reflective Photography Technique in Visual-Semantic Evaluation from Citizens' Point of View (Case Study: Urban Landscape of Shiraz)
Hajar Asadpour Mahmoud Ghalehnoee Armin Bahramian -
Open Access Article
20 - Perceptual Analysis of Fast and Irregular Transformations in Historical Urban Landscape (Case Study: Historical-Religious City of Ray and Shemiran District-Tehran)
Homa Eirani Behbahani Anoosheh Gohari Zahra Assar -
Open Access Article
21 - Ecological Design of Urban Landscape
Maryam Kamyab Teimouri -
Open Access Article
22 - Urban-Historical Landscape Analysis on the Basis of Mental Perceptions Case Study: Tajrish Neighborhood
Anoosheh Gohari Homa Behbahani Ismael Salehi -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigating the Effect of Color Factor on Quality of Urban Landscape Central Region of Iran based on Users Ideas (Case Study: Masjed Hakim and MohammadBagher Sadr Axes in Isfahan City)
Morteza Lotfipour Siahkalroudi Narges Hamzeh Elnaz Alsadat NayebiehColors play an important-effective role to improvement of urban identity, readability of environment, vitality of urban spaces, the sense of place and sense of unity in urban spaces. Today, Iran's urban environments are often deprived of the visual richness of color qua MoreColors play an important-effective role to improvement of urban identity, readability of environment, vitality of urban spaces, the sense of place and sense of unity in urban spaces. Today, Iran's urban environments are often deprived of the visual richness of color qualities with incoherent and chaotic combinations and incomplete adaptations of different styles of Western architecture and urban planning, and by transforming the environment into backgrounds in the gray spectrum, lost the color diversity and various functions of this element. While many communities turn the color element into an opportunity to enhance the quality of the urban landscape and use standard color codes to visually enhance the visual quality of buildings, walls, floors, urban furniture and other building elements in their components and totality, But in many cities of Iran, the same element acts as a threat to the urban landscape due to confusion, irregularity and inconsistency in how it is used. Lack of proper use of color element and its related criteria in urban environments, in addition to adverse effects on place construction, reduced sensory richness, degraded place identity and legibility of urban space, in terms of disorders in the objective landscape of the city and adverse psychological effects of presence in such spaces it is also very important. A correct understanding of the capabilities of the color element in increasing the desirability of urban environments is a necessity today in the design of Iranian cities. Unfortunately, the fast growth of urbanization in recent decades, especially in developing countries, has dramatically changed urban perspectives, that it caused there is not enough accuracy in the principles of color using.Today's construction of Iranian cities, which is an uncoordinated and chaotic combination of incomplete adaptations of different styles of Western architecture and urban planning, deprives urban environments of the visual richness of color qualities and turns them into backgrounds in the gray spectrum of color diversity and various functions has strongly influenced the important element. While many communities have turned the color into an opportunity to enhance the quality of the urban landscape and use standard color codes to visually enhance the visual quality of buildings, walls, floors, urban furniture and other building elements in their components and totality. They have given that in many cities of Iran, this element acts as a threat to the urban landscape due to confusion, irregularity and inconsistency in how it is used. Proper use of color and its related criteria in urban environments, increase the sensory richness, enhance the identity of the place and legibility of the urban space, in terms of organizing the objective landscape of the city visual quality and positive psychological effects. A correct understanding of the capabilities of the color in increasing the desirability of urban environments is a necessity today in the design of Iranian cities.The purpose of this research is to provide some criteria for optimal utilization of the potential of the color factor to increasing the utility of urban landscape in according to the user’s expectations. The hypothesis is that the adaptation of color spectra used in urban environments on the color expectations and mindsets of space users is effective in improving the quality and desirability of urban landscape. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic based on a survey strategy and the data are analyzed by quantitative method. In addition to, data collection is done by library and field studies. Statistical calculations are presented in three sections: Determination of sample size, Descriptive section and Inferential section separately. Information was evaluated with using the Excel and Spss software and significance level of 0.05. The research findings were obtained through study of the city context, statistical data as well as comparing and analyzing the color codes and using of internal and external experiences. At the end, the hypothesis have been analyzed and some solutions have been presented for color composition of urban image and landscape based on principles of aesthetics. These findings indicate that according to the religious, cultural and historical background and identity of the study area, those color spectrums that are reminiscent of religious symbols of this area and create a sense of belonging and religious identity among users in space, will have higher qualities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of Quality Indicators of Urban Public Landscape
Sadi Faraji Ahmad Hami Farzin EmamiUrban landscape plays a key role in improving the quality of urban life as a part of the city's image, and if it is of good quality, it can play an important role in shaping social sustainability and urban solidarity. Nowadays, failure to observe the quality indicators MoreUrban landscape plays a key role in improving the quality of urban life as a part of the city's image, and if it is of good quality, it can play an important role in shaping social sustainability and urban solidarity. Nowadays, failure to observe the quality indicators in these areas clearly indicates the need for more attention in this field. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the existing problems and deficiencies by evaluating the quality of the regional parks in Tabriz and finally, it provides the managers and designers of the city with an appropriate and practical approach to optimize it. The method of data collection was based on library studies, documentation and designing of the questionnaire and its distribution among 300 individuals. After completing the questionnaire, descriptive and analytical methods were used to answer the research questions. Statistical tests such as Pearson and regression analysis were performed using the SPSS19 software. The results revealed that factors and sub factors received different preferences from the participants. Accessibility (Mean= 3.07, SD= 0.907) and socialization (Mean= 3.05, SD= 0.697) had the highest priority in the quality of regional parks, followed by activities, comfort and scenery, respectively. In addition, quality of environment, safety, social activities, and park facilities were people’s priorities in regional parks, respectively. According to the obtained results, Golestan Park had the best accessibility and socialization meanwhile Shams Park received the highest preferences in term of activities and planning quality. In overall, considering accessibility, socialization, and natural environmental quality may enhance quality of regional parks in residential settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Sustainable Urban Landscape Designing based on Public Participation in Modern Metropolitan Management (A Case of Rudaki Area in the 11th District of Tehran)
IMAN DORODI mohammad reza zandmoghadam zeinab karkehabadi Undoubtedly, confronted with an immense volume of data and information, and recognizing time as the paramount capital in modern city administrations, the imperative is clear: embracing new technologies becomes unavoidable. In the realm of participatory decision-m More Undoubtedly, confronted with an immense volume of data and information, and recognizing time as the paramount capital in modern city administrations, the imperative is clear: embracing new technologies becomes unavoidable. In the realm of participatory decision-making, the utilization of virtual environmental systems offers a practical avenue. These systems enable the selection of viable and fitting solutions through the evaluation of simulated ideas, thereby averting erroneous decisions. The principal objective of this research is to usher in a novel perspective within Iran's urban planning, wherein the precedence of landscape design hinges on the attainment of a sustainable urban landscape, emphasizing the active involvement of local residents in the design process.In this article, the snowball sampling method is employed. The significant components of collaborative urban development and collaborative virtual environments were discerned and analyzed using the Delphi method. Factors with lesser impact on the research model were identified through expert opinions, resulting in the formulation of a conceptual model based on both existing models and responses from a questionnaire. In crafting this conceptual model, expert opinions were amalgamated through the brainstorming method, facilitating the derivation of a suitable model using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. Following this approach, a sustainable urban landscape system can be envisioned for the Rudaki area, leveraging its substantial potential in historical and cultural identity. This process, rooted in network analysis, not only offers a valuable output for decision-making but also serves as a foundation for designing a sustainable urban landscape system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Spatial Analysis Aesthetic Functions on Mental Relaxation for Citizens (Case Study:Tehran City, District 6)
Batoul Majidi Khameneh Hassan JangiAesthetic concern is one of the most important concepts to realization of mental relaxation for citizens. Many of the aesthetic functions which includes environmental convenience, accessibility or permeability, diversity, readability, spatial order, sequence of pe MoreAesthetic concern is one of the most important concepts to realization of mental relaxation for citizens. Many of the aesthetic functions which includes environmental convenience, accessibility or permeability, diversity, readability, spatial order, sequence of perspective, perception of space are attractive in the design of urban landscape. Without attention to beautification elements in urban environmental design, physical freshness and liveliness can not be gained. The main objectiveof thisstudy isdetermining theoptimal strategy, ranking and analysis of aesthetic functions in the 6th district of Tehran. First we used SWOT and ANP for determining the best strategy. Studies show that WO strategy or diversification and conservative strategy is the most important strategy in the district. Then two important variables of Performance and satisfaction of Beautification Organization were Evaluated With emphasis on the seven indexes (number of beautification elements, Locating, shape and form, color, environmental harmony, lighting and readability) by means of SPSS running Pearson’s coefficient of correlation formula. The results show that there is direct relation between satisfaction of citizens and Performance of Beautification Organization which means that, performance increases by increasing satisfaction. In relation with performance index of Beautification Organization, the highest average of performance was located for men and color for women. The Minimum average was the elements’ number index for men and for women. In relation with satisfaction index of Beautification Organization the highest average of satisfaction was for color and the minimum average was lighting. Finally for ranking of regions inside the district, the AHP model was used for surveying performance and satisfaction in regions’ scales. The district 2 was ranked as the highest rank and the district 1 was ranked as the lowest rank on the base of performance and satisfaction of the whole citizens. The results of study showed that Emphasis on urban statues, regional parks, lighting, urban furniture, and land use change of abandoned places and local cleaning and gaining innovative ideas are the most important mechanisms to improve the current situation in district beautification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Measuring the Desirability of Urban Appearance and Landscape for Tourism Development: A Case Study of Ardabil Entrances
Mohammad hasan yazdani Mehdi khakzand Zhila Farzanehsadatzaranji Shiva velayatiThe cityscape, particularly the city entrances, plays a significant role in attracting tourists and forming their initial impressions of a city. However, the entrance spaces of Ardabil, despite its rich cultural and historical heritage and strategic location as a major MoreThe cityscape, particularly the city entrances, plays a significant role in attracting tourists and forming their initial impressions of a city. However, the entrance spaces of Ardabil, despite its rich cultural and historical heritage and strategic location as a major tourist destination, suffer from various problems and do not exhibit the desired characteristics. This research aims to assess the visual appeal and landscape quality of Ardabil's city entrances and prioritize them for future planning. The study adopts an applied research approach with a descriptive, analytical, and survey method. The research population consists of 15 urban planning experts and professionals in Ardabil. Four indicators, including physical, functional, aesthetic, and representation of the city's identity, were used to measure desirability. The Shannon's entropy model was utilized to assign weights to the indicators, and the PROMETHEE model was employed to prioritize the entrances based on the desired indicators. The results ranked the entrances as: 0.226, 0.011, -0.104, -0.074, with the first four entrances taking the top spots, and the Tehran-Ardabil entrance ranking fifth with a score of -0.059. Consequently, planning efforts should be organized according to the strengths and weaknesses of each entrance, while respecting the priority of intervention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - اثرات آللوپاتیک برخی عصاره مالچهای آلی بر جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیه برخی گیاهان زینتی
فاطمه کاظمی منصوره جوزایمالچ‏ها فواید عمده زیست­ محیطی، زینتی و کاربردی دارند. با این وجود، در خصوص اینکه برخی مالچ‏ها مانع جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاهان به خاطر اثرات آللوپاتیک می‎شوند، بحث‏هایی وجود دارد. این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های برخی مالچ‏های آلی را بر درص Moreمالچ‏ها فواید عمده زیست­ محیطی، زینتی و کاربردی دارند. با این وجود، در خصوص اینکه برخی مالچ‏ها مانع جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاهان به خاطر اثرات آللوپاتیک می‎شوند، بحث‏هایی وجود دارد. این مطالعه اثر آللوپاتیک عصاره‏های برخی مالچ‏های آلی را بر درصد جوانه‎زنی بذر و رشد دانهال‏های برخی گیاهان زینتی در دو آزمایش به‎هم ‎مرتبط بررسی کرد. در آزمایش اول، تاثیرات آللوپاتیک شش نوع مالچ شامل چیپس چوب درخت چنار، میوه‎های کاج، برگ‏های کاج، پوسته‎های تنه درخت کاج، خاک اره، و سرزنی‎های چمن فستوکای بلند بر جوانه‎زنی و رشد اولیه بذرهای کاهو به­عنوان یک گیاه شاخص بررسی شد. آزمایش دوم بر پایه نتایج آزمایش اول طراحی شد به­طوری­که عصاره‎های مالچ‏های با پایین‎ترین میزان جوانه‎زنی انتخاب شدند و تاثیر آن­ها بر جوانه‏زنی پنج گیاه گلدار Alyssum maritimum, Celosia argentea, Tagetes sp., Zinnia sp. و Rudbeckia sp. بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد عصاره برگ‏های کاج اثرات بازدارنده بر جوانه‎زنی بذرهای کاهو (در آزمایش اول) داشت و همچنین اثرات معنی‎دار و قوی بازدارندگی بر جوانه‎زنی بذر، طول ریشه‏چه، طول ساقه‏چه، وزن تر و خشک ساقه‎چه همه گیاهان زینتی داشت. بر اساس این نتایج، برگ‏های کاج بعد از رها شدن یا تجزیه در خاک می‎توانند به­عنوان منبع شیمیایی آللوپاتیک عمل کنند و باید با احتیاط به­عنوان مالچ در منظرسازی، حداقل در تلفیق با گیاهان زینتی استفاده شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Physiological and Morphological Responses of White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Plants to Salinity Stress
Navid Vahdati Ali Tehranifar Seyed Hossein Neamati Yahya SelahvarziTrifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to MoreTrifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to study morphological and physiological adaptations of these native species under different salinity levels for urban landscape usage. For this purpose a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replicates was conducted. Plants of Trifolium repens and two Trifolium pratense species (native and commercial) were submitted to salinity stress in a pot experiment with 4 different salinity levels (0, 75, 150, 225 mM NaCl) during the experiment period. Leaf area, LRWC (leaf relative water content), electrolyte leakage, root and shoot length and root and shoot fresh and dry weight were measured. Results showed significant dif-ferences within salinity treatments in all 3 species studied. Highest values measured for traits in cultivars were observed in T. pratense commercial followed by T. pratense native and T. repens except electrolyte leakage and root fresh weight. But alinity effect on these species increased along with severity, linearly. Leaf area was ost affected and decreased to 40.21 mm 2 (225 mM) from 184.14 mm 2 in control. Generally Trifolium species showed sensitivity to salinity stress, especially in higher levels. This study should help understand some physiological and morphological responses of Trifolium species to salinity stress for urban landscape projects, parks and xeriscapes in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Physiological and Morphological Responses of White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Plants to Salinity Stress
Navid Vahdati Ali Tehranifar Seyed Hossein Neamati Yahya SelahvarziTrifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to MoreTrifolium spp. are native plants in Iran exhibiting good ground cover po-tential. Salinity is a major environmental stress and today, 20% of the world cultivated areas and nearly half of all irrigated lands are affected by salinity. The main aim of this research was to study morphological and physiological adaptations of these native species under different salinity levels for urban landscape usage. For this purpose a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replicates was conducted. Plants of Trifolium repens and two Trifolium pratense species (native and commercial) were submitted to salinity stress in a pot experiment with 4 different salinity levels (0, 75, 150, 225 mM NaCl) during the experiment period. Leaf area, LRWC (leaf relative water content), electrolyte leakage, root and shoot length and root and shoot fresh and dry weight were measured. Results showed significant dif-ferences within salinity treatments in all 3 species studied. Highest values measured for traits in cultivars were observed in T. pratense commercial followed by T. pratense native and T. repens except electrolyte leakage and root fresh weight. But salinity effect on these species increased along with severity, linearly. Leaf area was most affected and decreased to 40.21 mm 2(225 mM)from 184.14 mm 2 in control. Generally Trifolium species showed sensitivity to salinity stress, especially in higher levels. This study should help understand some physiological and morphological responses of Trifolium species to salinity stress for urban landscape projects, parks and xeriscapes in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigating the role of origami algorithm in facades of high-rise buildings to reduce visual pollution and improve urban landscape quality
Tabassom Tabasi Amir Farajolahi Rod Vahid Ahmadi Hamid Reza Shoaei
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