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Open Access Article
1 - Estimation of genetic coefficients and evaluation of OILCROP-SUN model under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer
Mina Kiani Mahdi Gheysari Behrouz Mostafazadeh-FardCrop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid of sunflower in order to gain a suit MoreCrop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid of sunflower in order to gain a suitable base to conserve soil and water resources. This study was conducted as a strip-plot statistical design with randomized complete blocks design with three replications for each treatment. Total biomass, seed weight, seed yield, percentage of seed oil, and seed nitrogen were measured. Using collected field data, OILCROP-SUN model was calibrated and evaluated for different levels of water and nitrogen applications. Six genetic coefficients were then derived from calibration of OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid. The results indicated that seed yields were simulated reasonably well for 12 treatments with NRMSE value of 18.5%, and the d-index of 0.92. The d value of different treatments of water and nitrogen for seed nitrogen was 0.93, and for oil production per hectare was 0.91. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The effect of plant density and nitrogen levels on the yield and yield components of maizecultivar (KSC 700) in moderate region of Kermanshah.
فرهاد صادقیIn order to evaluate the effect of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of maize cultivar (KSC 700), an experiment was conducted with four plots (69, 77, 85 and 93 thousand plant ha-1 ) and three sub-plot (150, 250 and 350 nitroge MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of maize cultivar (KSC 700), an experiment was conducted with four plots (69, 77, 85 and 93 thousand plant ha-1 ) and three sub-plot (150, 250 and 350 nitrogen kg ha-1). The research was carried out in split plot experiment based on RCBD with 3 replications in research station of Islam Abad. The measured traits were included plant height and ear, seed number per row, row number per ear, 100 seed weight, seed weight per plant, ear weight and grain yield. Analysis of variance indicated that the effect of plat density was significant on 100 seed weight and ear weight at probability level of 1% and for plant height, the number of seeds per row, row number and grain yield per plant at 5% probability level. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer was meaningful on weight traits at 1% probability level for 100 seed weight, number of seeds per row, grain yield per plant at 5% probability level. The grain yield of four plant density had 9441, 12050, 10740 and 8098 kg ha-1 , and nitrogen fertilizer had 9362, 10140 kg ha-1, respectively. The treatment of 77000 pha-1 X 350 kgha-1 of nitrogen was significant at five percent level for more characters such as number of kernels per row, number of rows, seed weight and seed grain yield with 43.3, 18.5, 32.2 gr and 12870 kgha-1, respectively. Also grain yield of 77000 pha-1 X 250 kgha-1 on nitrogen treatment was better than the other treatments with 12260 kgha-1 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment of Terminal Heat Stress and Nitrogen on Grain Yield and Yield Com-ponents of Canola.
Ali Hamdi Shengri Aziz Karmollachaab Abdolmehdi Bakhshandeh Mohammad Hossain Gharineh Ghodratolah Fathi Faraj Saadi Al kasir -
Open Access Article
4 - Competition between Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Different rate of Nitrogen
Pejman Behdarvand Ganesh Shridhar Chinchanikar Kondiram Nathuji Dhumal -
Open Access Article
5 - Improvement of Seed Yield, its Components and Oil Content of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by Applications of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers
Abdollah Javanmard Fariborz ShekariTo evaluate the effect of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on seed yield, its components and oil content of sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 12 treatment and 4 replications was MoreTo evaluate the effect of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on seed yield, its components and oil content of sunflower (Hybrid Iroflor), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 12 treatment and 4 replications was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2014 growing season. The first factor consisted of 3 levels of chemical fertilizer (C0: without using any fertilizer, C1: application of urea at the rate of 150 kg.ha-1 and C2:application of 75 kg.ha-1 urea + 50 kg.ha-1 super phosphate triple) and the second factor comprised of organic manure applications (O) with 4 levels (O0: without organic fertilizer, O1:animal manure application at the rate of 40 t.ha-1, O2: poultry manure application at the rate of 30 t.ha-1 and O3: %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure. Results showed that the highest chlorophyll index belonged to %50 nitrogen + 50% phosphorus plus poultry manure and nitrogen fertilizer plus poultry manure treatment combinations respectively. Applications of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure treatment combination, resulted in grain yield increase by %42.02 as compared to the application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1. Maximum kernel number per head was produced by interaction effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg N ha-1) animal manure (40 t.ha-1). Biological yield and harvest index were increased by %22.9 and %15.98 respectively, as compared to control and application of %50 poultry manure+ %50 animal manure. Highest percentage of grain oil (52.45%) was obtained by applications of 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 of animal manure, as compared to the control (30.13 percent). The highest oil yield (1784.57 kg.ha-1) was also belonged combined application of 75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure. Thus, integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers (75 kg N ha-1+ 50 kg P ha-1 and 15 t.ha-1 poultry manure+ 20 t.ha-1 animal manure) improved both grain yield and its oil content of sunflower more than their individual applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Simulation of Grain Yield and Biomass of Corn at Different Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Application
مهتا Haghjoo A. BahraniDSSAT-CMS computer model simulates growth, development and crop production under the management conditions such as variation in soil moisture, soil carbon, soil nitrogen and nitrogen leaching. In this study, first CERES-Maize model with 20% moisture depletion and then g MoreDSSAT-CMS computer model simulates growth, development and crop production under the management conditions such as variation in soil moisture, soil carbon, soil nitrogen and nitrogen leaching. In this study, first CERES-Maize model with 20% moisture depletion and then grain yield and biomass of corn at harvesting time were calibrated. Calibration coefficients for corn single cross 260 were P1=169, P2=0.386, P5750, G2=775.9, G3=8.82 and PHINT39.20. Results showed that the model estimates grain yield and biomass in normalized mean root of error squares (RMSEn), Wilmot agreement index (d) and correlation (R2) coefficient at 18, 90 and 82 percent and 29, 84 and 84 percent respectively. Therefore, CERES-Maize model has the high precision in simulation of these two traits and also simulation was desirable in Shiraz region. The model simulated grain yield better than biomass. In general, the model can be used for irrigation and nitrogen management in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Response of Bread Wheat Varieties to Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer under Different Irrigation Treatments
Parisa Ghahremani Soleyman Mohammadi Hashem HadiThe assessment of water deficit stress and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application effects on seed yield and its components in bread wheat cultivars were carried out in a an split split plot experiment based on RCB design with three replications was carried out. Exper MoreThe assessment of water deficit stress and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application effects on seed yield and its components in bread wheat cultivars were carried out in a an split split plot experiment based on RCB design with three replications was carried out. Experimental factors consisted of different levels of irrigation (full irrigation, stopping irrigation at heading and anthesis stages) that were assigned to main plots, and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer applications (F1: 20 and100 kg/ha at sowing and tillering stages respectively, F2: 20 and 100 kg/ha at sowing and booting stages respectively, F3: 20, 50 and 50 kg/ha at sowing , tillering and booting stages respectively, F4: 20 , 50 and 50 kg/ha in sowing, tillering and heading stages, respectively) to sub plots and five bread wheat cultivars (Zarrin, Pishgam, Urum, Zare and Mihan) to the sub sub plots. The results showed that mean yield of cultivars was 7.5 t/ha and it was decreased to 6.5 t/ha at stopping irrigation. The highest and lowest yield belonged to Mihan (8.1 t/ha) and Zarrin (5.7 t/ha) cultivars, respectively. Highest yield belonged to Mihan cultivar (9.4 t/ha) under full irrigation and F4 fertilizing treatments. Under deficit water stress condition at heading and flowering stages, the Mihan cultivar produced the highest yield with 8.3 and 8.6 t/ha at F3 and F4 treatments, respectively. Pishgam, Zare and Mihan cultivars responded properly to F2, F3 and F4 fertilizing treatments when irrigation stopped at heading stage, in comparison with F1 fertilizing treatment. Based on drought tolerance indices, Mihan and Pishgam identified as high performance cultivars under both stress and non-stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of Fertilizers Containing Nitrogen on Yield and Mucilage of Isabgol (Plantago ovata L.) in Irrigation and Cutting off Irrigation
Amir Toghraei Bahram Mirshekari Jahanfar Daneshian Hamdollah Kazemi Arbat Mehrzad i Mohasses MostasharThis experiment carried out during 2010-11 and 2011-12 cropping years to study the effect of variant levels of fertilizers containing nitrogen, normal irrigation and irrigation hindering on some agronomical characteristics of isabgol, in Smaeel-Abad Agriculture Research MoreThis experiment carried out during 2010-11 and 2011-12 cropping years to study the effect of variant levels of fertilizers containing nitrogen, normal irrigation and irrigation hindering on some agronomical characteristics of isabgol, in Smaeel-Abad Agriculture Research Center of Qazvin. The research was carried out by using two split plot experiments based on randomized complete block designs with three replications. The experiments were repeated for two consecutive years and finally the research results were performed by combined analysis. Main plots were normal irrigation (I1) and cutting off irrigation during seed filling stage (I2), sub plots were nitrogen containing fertilizers: vermicompost, cattle manure and chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46%) with three levels, containing 30, 60 and 90 kg.ha-1 of pure nitrogen. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen containing fertilizers on mucilage yield (P≤0.01) and mucilage percentage (P≤0.05) were significant. Interactions of irrigation × nitrogen containing fertilizers on biological yield and relative water content (P≤0.05), seed yield and 1000 seed weight (P≤0.01) were also significant. According to results of this research; the highest application level of vermicompost in normal irrigation condition, showed better results for production of isabgol plant in the research area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Evlauation of application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen on yield and some physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L. cv SC 704)
Sahi Tale Mani MojaddamTo evaluate the application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and physiological traits of maize (SC 704), a field experiment was carried out in Ahvaz based on a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. The MoreTo evaluate the application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and physiological traits of maize (SC 704), a field experiment was carried out in Ahvaz based on a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N1:100%, N2: 75%, N3:50%, N4: 25%) pure nitrogen (equivalent to 180 kg per hectare) as the main factor and nitroxin biological fertilizer application method at two levels (seed inoculation B1 and with irrigation water B2) as the secondary factor. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased grain yield and physiological traits. The highest and lowest grain yields were obtained in 75% and 25% nitrogen treatments respectively. The biological fertilizer, nitroxin, had a significant impact on performance, chlorophyll a and b, efficiency, and NAE. The highest grain yield was recorded in B1 (seed treatment). In this study, while method of application of nitroxin showed no significant effect on the traits under study, the combined use of bio-fertilizer with N fertilizer, in addition to producing sufficient crop and improving nitrogen uptake efficiency, could reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer by 25 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effects of nitrogen source and amount on growth, chlorophyll, oil, and essence contents of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)
Ahmad Abdolzadeh Yash Gin Valipoor Chahardahcheriki Farshid Ghaderi-FarThe objective of the present study was evaluation of the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer sources (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha) on growth parameters, chlorophyll, oil and essence contents of black cumin (Ni MoreThe objective of the present study was evaluation of the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer sources (urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) and levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg/ha) on growth parameters, chlorophyll, oil and essence contents of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). The experiment was conducted based on a complete randomized block design with 3 replications in a farm field near Gorgan. The results indicated that the highest number of flowering branch, plant dry weight, number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule, harvest index, biological yield, seed yield, oil yield and percentage, essence yield and percentage, and chlorophyll a, b and total content were observed in 150 kg/ha urea. The number of flowering branch, chlorophyll a, b and total content and essence and oil percentage achieved to their maximum amount following use of 50 kg/ha urea, however, harvest index, biological yield, seed yield, oil yield and essence yield increased by increment of level of urea fertilizer up to 150 kg/ha. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertilizers increased most of the studied parameters including biological yield, seed yield, oil yield, and essence yield compared with control and ranked 2nd and 3rd after urea, respectively. Application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertilizer beyond 50 kg/ha resulted in no significant effect on these parameters. The data indicated that 150 kg/ha urea could resulted in the highest growth and oil and essence yield. Further experiments in other climates and soil condition are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Biological Response of Capparis spinosa L. to Nitrogen Application under Salinity Conditions
Mohsen Zafaranieh seyed masoud ziaeeSalinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses, which reduces plant growth by reducing water absorption and disrupting the balance of nutrients. To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the physiological traits of Capparis spinosa L. at high salt concentratio MoreSalinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses, which reduces plant growth by reducing water absorption and disrupting the balance of nutrients. To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the physiological traits of Capparis spinosa L. at high salt concentrations, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block with three replications in 2022. The first factor included 5 levels of salinity (100 (control), 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM), and the second factor comprised 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer (50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm). The traits under study included shoot dry weight, proline content, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde enzyme activity, and catalase. Results showed that quantum yield, proline content, and soluble carbohydrate were affected by salinity and nitrogen concentrations. With increasing salinity levels from 100 to 500 mM, proline and soluble carbohydrate content increased, but with increasing nitrogen levels from 50 ppm to 200 ppm, soluble carbohydrates and proline content decreased and increased, respectively. Shoot dry weight and catalase activity were affected by the interaction of salinity and nitrogen levels. Results showed that at high levels of salinity and increasing nitrogen levels to 150 and 200 ppm, shoot dry weight content decreased while catalase, and peroxidase activity and shoot sodium content increased. According to these results, application of 200 ppm nitrogen is recommended in low (100 and 200 mM) and medium (300 mM) salinity levels while in high salinity (400 and 500 mM) levels, application of 50 ppm nitrogen in the nutrient solution of Capparis is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Changes in the medicinal and antimicrobial compounds, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in American agave (Agave Americana L. cv Marginata) under urea treatment
Ebrahim Jokar Aryan Sateei Mehdi Ebadi Mazyar Ahmadi Golsefidi -
Open Access Article
13 - The evaluation of effects the nitrogen and potash fertilizer on yield, yield components and remobilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) promising line
Abdolhossein Sheikh hosseinian , Majid Ashouri Majid Nahvi Saeid Bakhshipour Mohmmad Roudpeyma Mitra Yekta Farhad Biranvand In order to evaluate of effects, the nitrogen and potash fertilizer on yield, yield components and remobilization on number 4 rice promising line. The study was conducted using a factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized More In order to evaluate of effects, the nitrogen and potash fertilizer on yield, yield components and remobilization on number 4 rice promising line. The study was conducted using a factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized design with three replications at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in 2012. The factors were nitrogen with 3 levels (60, 90 and 120 Kg.h-1) from Urea fertilizer’s resource and Potash fertilizer with 3 levels (0, 50 and 100Kg.h-1) from the sulfate potash resource. Analysis of variance showed that the Nitrogen Factor was significant on all the considered traits at 1 probability levels. The Potash Factor was significant on the grain 1000 weight at 1 probability level. The interaction effect of Nitrogen in Potash on traits the number of filled grain and the grain 1000 weight were showed significant difference at 5 probability levels. The highest of treats seed yield (7818 kg.h-1), the percentage of panicle reproduction (88.47%), grain 1000 weight (30.08g), the number of seed filled (149.4), height plant (110.6 cm) and for remobilization of dry matter (1198g.m-2) were obtained 120 kg. ha-1. Mean comparison effects of Nitrogen in Potash interactive showed that for grain yield of a 120 kg nitrogen per 50kg Potash with the average of 7994 kg h-1 was consider a higher class. Finally, for the number 4 promising line of rice can use a level of fertilizer which includes 120 kg pure Nitrogen (260 kg urea fertilizer) and 50 kg Potash (100 kg super triple phosphate fertilizer) per a hectare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Magnitude water, Nitrogen and Nano Nitrogen Fertilizers on Germination of Seeds and Growth Factors on Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Azade Malekloo Maryam Peyvandi Ahmad MajdTo replace fertilizers from nanotechnology with chemical fertilizers much effort is being made. Fennel is a medicinal plant which has a special place in the pharmacy and food industry. In this study, the effect of magnetized water, nitrogen and nano-nitrogen fertilizers MoreTo replace fertilizers from nanotechnology with chemical fertilizers much effort is being made. Fennel is a medicinal plant which has a special place in the pharmacy and food industry. In this study, the effect of magnetized water, nitrogen and nano-nitrogen fertilizers on germination of seeds and growth parameters of fennel was studied. Determination of germination percentage showed in both types of irrigation, using nitrogen and nano-nitrogen fertilizers significantly reduce the percentage of germination. Maximum germination percentage was obtained in irrigation with plumbing water or magnetized water without using nitrogen and nano-nitrogen fertilizers. The highest average number of shoots per plant was obtained in the treatment of magnetized water alone or treatment with plumbing water together with nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that in both types of irrigation, nano-nitrogen significantly reduces the number of shoots. But it increases the stem's length. Irrigation with magnetized water along with nitrogen and nano-nitrogen fertilizers resulted in a significant increase in the average number of leaves. The results showed although the treatment of plants with magnetized water and nano-nitrogen significantly decreases the shoots numbers but it has a significant effect on stem growth and leaves number. GC-MS analysis of essential oils of petals indicated that the four main compositions in all treatments were limonen, fenchone estragole, and anethol in all treated plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield component of some new maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) in Kermanshah
Mansour Ahmadi Farzad Mondani Mahmud Khorramivafa Gholamreza Mohammadi Ali ShirkhaniIn order to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and yield components of some maize cultivars, a split plot experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in the campus of agricultural MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and yield components of some maize cultivars, a split plot experiment was done based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in the campus of agricultural and natural recourses farm, Razi University, at 2014. Treatments were four levels of nitrogen fertilizer application (40%, 70%, 100% and 140% of the maize demand to nitrogen which based on the amount recommended by soil testis equivalent to 138, 238, 350 and 483 kg.ha-1 urea) as main plots and three common maize cultivars SC 704, BC 678 and Simon as sub plots. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer improved number of ear per square meter (12%), number of row per ear (9%), number of grain per row (32%), grain yield (63%) and total dry weight (58%). Simon cultivar had more need to nitrogen fertilizer to achieve maximum yield. Simon cultivar had the most grain yield (19%) than other cultivars. Harvest index was higher for Simon cultivar in fertilizer level of 140% while harvest index for other cultivars reduced by increasing of nitrogen fertilizer application from 40% to 140% of plant demand. Simon cultivar (10467 kg.ha-1) in 140% fertilizer level and SC-704 (8402 kg.ha-1) and BC-678 (8030 kg.ha-1) in 100% fertilizer level had maximum grain yield. In general, our results showed that in the studied region to achieve higher yield, it is better new maize cultivars be cultivated such as Simon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The effect of the amount nitrogen applied on grain yield and dry matter remobilization of maize (Zea mays L.) in drought stress conditions
abdol karim Banisaeidi mohammad motamediA field experiment was carried out in shushtar in 2012.The experiment was carried out in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. This study included drought stress as irrigation at different stages of plant growth (V1= withholding MoreA field experiment was carried out in shushtar in 2012.The experiment was carried out in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. This study included drought stress as irrigation at different stages of plant growth (V1= withholding irrigation at the beginning of 10 leaves to emerge tassel, V2= withholding irrigation at rise of 50 percent of tassel, until becoming a brown silk, V3= irrigation according to plant requirement until the end of the growing season) as main plot and three levels of nitrogen rate (50, 100, 150 kg N/ha) as sub plots were investigated. The results showed that the grain yield significantly under the influence of stress the lack of moisture. The maximum dry matter remobilization was in the rise of 50 percent of tassel, until becoming a brown silk and increase N fertilizer, dry matter remobilization decreased. Treatment of no water stress (control) and application of 150 kg N/ha with an average of 7.4% has a minimum rate of dry remobilization efficiency. The rise of 50 percent of tassel, until becoming a brown silk treatment, with an average of 29.1% has the maximum contributions of dry matter remobilization in grain yield. Increase the amount of nitrogen was significantly reduced nitrogen agronomic efficiency. Applied moisture and N fertilizer on before flowering stage in the event of water stress at this stage was increased through stimulation of the amount of dry matter remobilization can be prevented to some extent a drastic reduction of grain weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluation application different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on biomass production wild rye
E. Farajzadeh R. EmamiThe Effect of different levels of nitrogen (control, 50 and 100 kg/ha) and phosphorus (control, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on the growth and production of wild rye species studied. Nitrogen Application of 100 kg/ha height, number of leaves, tiller, stem and leaf dry weight, 30/7 MoreThe Effect of different levels of nitrogen (control, 50 and 100 kg/ha) and phosphorus (control, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on the growth and production of wild rye species studied. Nitrogen Application of 100 kg/ha height, number of leaves, tiller, stem and leaf dry weight, 30/7, 63/4, 103, 82, 131, and 33.3 percent increased respectively. In this study, the height, number of leaves and tillers, stem dry weight and leaf dry weight by 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer significant increase in stem dry weight caused. crop height, leaf number, tiller number, leaf dry weight and shoot dry weight of wild rye by application of 40 kg/ha phosphorus additive, 13/1, 25/3, 38/4, 29/7 and 47/6 percent , respectively increased. Leaf Area index treated with 112 percent increase in the application of 40 kg P ha and 100 kg N ha respectively. Maximum biomass per unit of 430 gr/m2 by application 20 and 40 kg/ha phosphorus with 100 kg/ha nitrogen was obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of two cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.) in West of Golestan
hosein Tamartash abolfazl faraji zahra arabi hedieh mosanaieyIn order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen on agronomic characteristics, yield components and yield of two cultivars of canola, a factorial experiment base on randomized complete block design with 4 replications was conducted in the city of Bandar Gaz. Seven levels of MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen on agronomic characteristics, yield components and yield of two cultivars of canola, a factorial experiment base on randomized complete block design with 4 replications was conducted in the city of Bandar Gaz. Seven levels of nitrogen (without nitrogen, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare) and two canola cultivars 401 and RGS003 as a factorial combined and formed 14 treatments. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on days to flowering, duration of flowering, days to maturity, plant height, the stem height, yield components and yield of canola. Nitrogen fertilizer to a certain extent increased the yield and then decreased yield. The highest grain yield of hybrid Hyola401 and the lowest yield was RGS003. Treatment with 100 kg N/ha with grain yield 2245 kg /ha is highest and treatment of 25 kg nitrogen per hectare with 1718 kg/ha is lowest. The results showed that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer can increase grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The effec of levels of urea and compost on yield and yield components of Rice (Hashemi CV.) in Roudsarregion
sarvar Alibabaei Hamid reza DoroudianAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Urea and compost to the yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Hashemi) in Roudsar city in 2015. The experimental design was split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with t MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Urea and compost to the yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Hashemi) in Roudsar city in 2015. The experimental design was split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experiment factors consisted of 3 levels of urea fertilizer including: control (0), 50 and 100 kg Urea/ha-1 and compost in 4 levels was including: control, 5, 10 and 20 ton ha-1. Results of Experiment showed that Urea rates had significant effect on 1000 seed weight. Compost had significant effect on plant height, number of panicle m-2, number of panicle in plant, number of grain in per panicle grain yield and 1000 seed weight. Also interaction of different levels of Urea and compost was significant on plant height, 1000 seed weight, and grain yield. Maximum rice yield (6667 kg/ha) was observed in 100 kg Urea/ha and 10 ton compost/ha, that shows it could be reduced in N fertilizer with compost usage. Integrating Urea and compost is necessary to obtain maximum yield in rice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Quantifying nitrogen application in canola(Brassica napus L.) under optimum and late sowing dates
aliasghar teymori Abolfazl Faraji Mohammadreza DadashiAbstractIn order to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer and sowing dates on agronomic characteristics, yield component and seed yield of rapeseed cultivar RGS003, two field experiments (separate) were carried out base on a randomized complete blocks design wit MoreAbstractIn order to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer and sowing dates on agronomic characteristics, yield component and seed yield of rapeseed cultivar RGS003, two field experiments (separate) were carried out base on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2014-15 and 2015-16 during growth seasons in research field of Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch. First experiment (November 9) and Second experiment (December 9), was performed, each one in 7 nitrogen levels (50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kgN.ha-1). The analysis of variance results showed that sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect at p<0.01 for pod per plant, seed per pod, 1000weight, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index. Highest (3128 kg.ha-1) and lowest (2414.95 kg.ha-1) seed yield was observed in 200 and 50 kgN.ha-1) treatments respectively. In two year, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index reduction at second sowing date was related to insufficient vegetative growth before flowering stage. Under present experimental conditions, planting on November 9 and usage of 175 and 200 kgN.ha-1 can be recommended as an appropriate date for obtaining the highest seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Influence of Weed Densities and Different Nitrogen Levels on Leaf Area Index (LAI) of Corn and Red Root Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)
Ali Vahedi Zohre Bakhshai Rasoul Fakhari -
Open Access Article
22 - The effects of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer amounts as top dressing on yield of potato at Damavand region
A. Roozbahani M. M. MirzaeiThis study was carried out in 2004 in Damavand region to evaluate the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer amounts as top dressing on yield and yield components of potato (Agria cultivar) on a split plot design of the study comprised of randomized compl MoreThis study was carried out in 2004 in Damavand region to evaluate the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer amounts as top dressing on yield and yield components of potato (Agria cultivar) on a split plot design of the study comprised of randomized complete blocks design with four replications. In this experiment, plant densities (7.97, 5.29 and 3.32 plant /m) and nitrogen fertilizer amounts (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg urea/ha) were levels of main plot and sub plot respectively. Characteristics such as number of tuber per plant, average tuber weight, weight of tubers per plant, tuber yield (t/ha) and dry matter percentage after harvesting were recorded and statistically analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences between plant densities and nitrogen fertilizer levels for all traits(Duncan 1%). Means comparison showed that density of 5.29 plants per square meter and fertilizer levels (200 and 300 kg urea/ ha) from the point of view of all traits were superior to the others. Also interaction effects of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer statistically were significant for all characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The study assessed effect of irrigation and nutrition management on yield and water productivity of forge and grain maize hybrids (S.c.704) in the north of the country
R. Rezaei Sokht Abandani M. Rezaei N. Rezaei M. EbrahimiExperimental crop year from 2010-2011 as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, salesperson biokola (Neka) was performed. The main factor for irrigation interval is in four levels of I1, I2, I3 an MoreExperimental crop year from 2010-2011 as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, salesperson biokola (Neka) was performed. The main factor for irrigation interval is in four levels of I1, I2, I3 and I4 (75, 100, 125 and 150mm grouped evaporation from pan evaporation respectively) and nitrogen sub factors are which equal to zero, 200 and 400 urea kg in hectar. Results show that more wet forage performance reached in hectar with 125mm evaporation from pan evaporation in irrigation interval 71230 in hectar, but the most wet forage performance in hectar in gain with 75 and 125mm evaporation from pan evaporation respectively which is equal 19030 and 17810 kg in hectar. Maximum profitability of dry material water usage reached with 125mm irrigation interval in evaporation from evaporation pan is equal to 15.37 kg on mg. Most performance of wet forage reached in wet forage performance according to irrigation + raining under the care of interaction effects in irrigation interval × nitrogen fertilizer for cares with 125mm irrigation interval and 150mm evaporation from evaporation pan with and 184 kg nitrogen usage in hectar which is equal 79200, 13000 kg in hectar and 67.34 and 12.44 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on morphological properties of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
leyla foroutan shahla Najafi mohamad ali Vakili Shahrebabaki mitra Jabbari In this research, The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation was evaluated on morphological characteristics. In order to obtain the best irrigation and nitrogen levels, the research was conducted in pot and green More In this research, The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation was evaluated on morphological characteristics. In order to obtain the best irrigation and nitrogen levels, the research was conducted in pot and greenhouse system in Zahedan. The treatments included three amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and three irrigation regimes (2 mm per week, 4mm per 2 weeks and 2 mm per 2 weeks). The studied factors were flower yield, plant height, flowering time, and anthodia height and anthodia diameter. The results indicated that the increase of nitrogen fertilizer from 20 to 60 kg/ha improved plant height, early flowering, anthodia height and diameter significantly. Highest amount of flower dry yield is obtained in 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer but highest amount of flower wet yield is obtained in 60 kg/ha and the lowest amount of flower wet yield is obtained in 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. Irrigation also affects flower dry weight, anthodia diameter and flowering time in 2mm irrigation per week and 4 mm irrigation per two weeks increased plant height and flower wet weight significantly. The interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation was significant as plant height (31.89 cm), flowers wet weight(8.78 gr per pot) and flowering time (41 days) as concerned and the best treatments was 60 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation 4 mm per two weeks. According to the results, it appears that 60 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer plus 4 mm irrigation per two weeks was the best treatment to produce the flower yield in German chamomile in organic system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effect of plant growth regulator Cycocel and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on some growth characteristics and yield of barley
A. Afkari M. AbbasiThe Effect of plant growth regulator Cycocel and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on some growth characteristics and yield of barley, factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Research Station of the fa MoreThe Effect of plant growth regulator Cycocel and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on some growth characteristics and yield of barley, factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Research Station of the faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Branch Ardabil in 2015. Treatments the experiment consisted CCC concentration (zero, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg per hectar) and three levels of nitrogen (50, 100 and 150 kg per hectar) was applied in the form of urea on Makuyi spring barley cultivars.The results of this study showed that the concentrations of various nitrogen and cycocel on the number of fertile tillers, spike length and harvest index at 5% and the number of spikes per square meter, number of seeds per plant, grain weight, height plant, seed yield and biological yield were significant at the 1% level. The interaction of different concentrations of nitrogen and cycocel on the number of spikes per square meter, grain yield and biological yield was significant at 1%. In this experiment results mean comparisons showed that the highest number of fertile tillers (1/5), spike length (9/6cm), grain yield (3687kg/ha) and thousand grain weight (34/7 gr) respectively, application CCC (1500 mg/ha). The results of interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and different concentrations of cycele showed that the highest number of fertile tillers (1.8), number of spikes per square meter (383.5), grain yield (3808 kg/ha) and biological yield (3808 kg /ha) (17795/2 kg/ha) using 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare with 1500 mg/ha cycocel was obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigate planting date plant density and different level of N fertilizer on the yield and oil percent of spring safflower
hasan Tahmasbizadeh hamid madani gholamreza Naderi Boroujerdi This research was conducted to determiner planting date planting density and different level N of fertilizer on the yield and oil percent of spring safflower on Esfahan variety exact10th at 2010 in Arak region. The experiment was performe More This research was conducted to determiner planting date planting density and different level N of fertilizer on the yield and oil percent of spring safflower on Esfahan variety exact10th at 2010 in Arak region. The experiment was performed in factorial split plat based on RCBD with 4replications and 48 plot. treatment were selected as two planting dates (10th of May and 10th of July) and different level of N(46 ,92 and 138 kg/ha) and two plant densities (400000 and 800000 plant/ha) hence 800000 plant per hectare executed in double row planting .result showed that the highest yield was related to 10th of may planting date with 138 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 800000 per hectare by 3101 kg/ha. So highest oil yield was related to 10th of may planting date with 138 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 800000 per hectare by 995.85 kg/ha .lowest oil yield was related to 10th of July planting date with 138 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 400000 per hectare by 432 .there for plant density has in crease Effect of oil yield .so according shown result 800000 plant per hectare as comparison 400000 plant per hectare has direct effect in oil yield spring safflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effects of nitrogen fertilizers and manure (Farm Yard Manure) on grain yield and yield components
S. A. Vajedi Roshan E. Rahimi Petroudi G. Mirzaie H. MobasserIn order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizers and manure on grain yield and yield components, a field experiment was conducted in the Agriculture Research Field, Babolsar, Iran, in 2012 crop season. This experiment was carried out with two factors, in a split plo MoreIn order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizers and manure on grain yield and yield components, a field experiment was conducted in the Agriculture Research Field, Babolsar, Iran, in 2012 crop season. This experiment was carried out with two factors, in a split plot arrangements using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Manure (Cow) fertilizer (10, 20, 30 t/ha) were assigned to main plots and Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha) were randomized in sub plots. The results indicated that the use of nitrogen fertilizer on traits such as plant height, cob diameter, number of grains per ear, grain yield, 1000- grain weight and biological yield was significance at 5% level. The highest and lowest grain yield was obtained from 150 kg N/ha and without application of nitrogen respectively. The different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on traits such as ear length, number of rows per ear, cob length and harvest index were not significant. Manure application had not significant effect on any traits, except number of grains per ear,1000- grain weight and harvest index. Manure treatments were not significant due to de composition gradually and therefore can not release enough nutrients, especially nitrogen. The manure should be added to the soil for several consecutive years to show its effect on soil and plants. The interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and manure on ear diameter and biological yield at 5%level should significant effect. The highest grain yield was produced from 30 ton/ha farm yard manure (FYM) +100kg N/ha treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
R. Mohamadvarzi D. Habibi S. Vazan A. Pazoki T. Nooralvandi In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Bra More In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch in2009. Experiment performed factorial based on CRBD with three replications. Experiment in clouding of four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 54, 108 and 161 Kg.N/ha) and four level of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including control, Nitroxin (Azotobacter, Azospirillum), Biophosphorus (Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and also combined fertilizers (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus). Results showed that application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increased seed yield, biologic yield, and plant height in compare with control. Combined biological fertilizers increased higher under studied traits. Maximum seed yield (26.68% increased) obtained in combined biological fertilizer (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus) treatment with 2516 kg/ha in compare with control (1850 kg/ha). Nitrogen chemical fertilizers treatments showed significant effect on protein percent. Interaction of treatments showed significant effect on oil percent. Results showed application of PGPR agriculture has important role in improvement of growth and yield of sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effect of planting date, plant density and different level of N fertilizer on the yield and component of spring safflower
H. Tahmasebizade N. Khodabande H. Madani I. Farahani The present study was performed to find the effect of planting date, plant density and different level of N fertilizer on yield and yield components of spring safflower on Isfahan variety. It was done in the research field of Arak Islamic Azad U More The present study was performed to find the effect of planting date, plant density and different level of N fertilizer on yield and yield components of spring safflower on Isfahan variety. It was done in the research field of Arak Islamic Azad University in 2008-2009. The experiment was performed in factorial split plot based on RCBD with 4 replications and 48 plot. Treatment were selected as two planting dates (10th of May and 10th of July) and different level of N (46, 92 and 138 kg/ha) and two plant densities (400000 and 800000 plant/ha) hence 800000 plant per hectare executed in double row planting. The result showed that the highest yield was related to 10th of May planting date with 92 kg/ha N fertilizer and plant density of 800000 per hectare by 3052 kg/ha. The lowest yield was related to 10th of July planting date with 92 kg/ha N fertilizer and 400000 plant density per hectare. The delayed planting has very much influence in decreasing yield of safflower. So, planting in 10th of May has direct effect on safflower yield rather than planting in 10 July. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effects of Nitrogen and Tillage practices on oil yield and yield components of different Rape seed(Brassica napus) cultivars
pooria mazloomBrassica napus is the second most important oilseed crop in the world. Today, conventional tillage methods are considered more than reduced tillage methods .To investigate effects of nitrogen and tillage practices on oil yield and yield components of different Rape seed MoreBrassica napus is the second most important oilseed crop in the world. Today, conventional tillage methods are considered more than reduced tillage methods .To investigate effects of nitrogen and tillage practices on oil yield and yield components of different Rape seed in 2018, a research field was conducted in the damavand agricultural research center, The experimental was conducted a factorial using randomized complete block design with three replication. The factors were three levels of nitrogen fertilizers : N1= application of 50 kg/ha , N2= application of 100 kg/ha , N3 application of 150 kg/ha of nitrogen with two levels of varieties : V1= Olpro and V3= Elvis and three of tillage practices : NT= No-Tillage , MT= Minimum-Tillage, CT= Conventional Tillage . Comparing the average effect =, results showed that most of the phenological stages such as pod number in plant per plant, seed number in pod, 1000 seed weight, oil yield/ha and seed yield. Results showed that Elvis with mean seed yield 4878 kg/ha and conventional tillage with mean oil yield of 1128 kg/ha had superior.Nitrogen 100 kg with mean oil yield with mean 831kg/ha had superior to oil yield. Seed yield/ha and oil yield/ha were higher than other levels of Interaction of T3V2N2 and interaction on NT, VT, VN and VNT on seed yield had significant difference at the %5 level which indicates better performance in Elvis cultivar and conventional tillage Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Effect of plant density, nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on the yield and chemical composition of essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
حخخقهش ئشظمخخئSweet basil is one of the most widespread spices in the world. leaves are used commonly as a flavoring in many food products.This experiment was carried out in research farm of damavand in 2019. Evaluate effect of plant density, nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on yi MoreSweet basil is one of the most widespread spices in the world. leaves are used commonly as a flavoring in many food products.This experiment was carried out in research farm of damavand in 2019. Evaluate effect of plant density, nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on yield and chemical composition of essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) .The experimental was conducted a factorial using randomized compelet block design with four replication.The factors were three levels of nitrogen fertilizers: N1= 50 kg/ha, N2= 100 kg/ha, N3= 150 kg/ha and three levels of plant densities:P1=5 cm, P2= 10 cm, P3= 15 cm with two sowing date:S1= 25 April, S2= 10 May.In this evaluation, most stage of plant phonology such as plant height, number of leaf, plant dry weight, leaf of stem, leaf area index, yield of essential oil and percentage of methyl chavicol were measured. The results showed that plant height mean with application of 50 kg/ha had superior point and interaction of N3P2S1 was higher than other levels in plant dry weight on the first and second cutting,, yield of essential oil on the interaction NS had significant at the 1 % level on the first and second cutting and leaf area index were significant on the intraction of PS and NSP on the first and second cutting %5 level which indicates better performance in nitrogen of 150 kg/ha, plant densities of 15 cm and sowing date of 25 April on the first and second cutting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of irrigation intervals and different nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of Basil medicinal plant (Ocimum basilicum L.)
H. Nazemi Esfand Abad A.A. Tajalli S.M. Hosseini Mazinani This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals anddifferent levels of nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the physiological andagronomic characteristics of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the research farm o More This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals anddifferent levels of nitrogen on the quantitative and qualitative yield of the physiological andagronomic characteristics of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in the research farm of IslamicAzad University, Yadgar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey branch. The experiment wasbased on split plots based on completely randomized blocks design with 3 replications. Theexperimental treatments included three levels of irrigation (4, 7, and 10 days) as the mainfactor and different levels of nitrogen (0, 70, 100 and 130 kg/ha) were considered assecondary factors. The traits of plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, mean leafarea and dry matter yield were investigated. The results showed that except for the number ofsub-branches in the plant, the difference between different levels of irrigation intervals andnitrogen amounts were significant for all evaluated traits.The highest dry matter yield was related to the treatment combination of irrigating every 4 or7 days and 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Response of soybean varieties to N and K fertilizers application at northern Khorasan province, Iran
Hamid Hatami amir Inehband mahdi Azizi afshin soltani alireza dadkhahIn order to study the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on yield and yield components of soybean, Glycine max L., an experiment was conducted as factorial in a rondomized complete block design with three replications at northern Khorasan province during 2006 MoreIn order to study the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on yield and yield components of soybean, Glycine max L., an experiment was conducted as factorial in a rondomized complete block design with three replications at northern Khorasan province during 2006-2007. Factors were variety (Habit, L.W.K., and Wiliams), nitrogen fertilizer amounts (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N/ha) from urea source, and potassium fertilizer levels (0, 80, and 160 kg K/ha) from potassium sulphate source. Results indicated that seed yield was singnificantly affected by variety, N and K fertilizers. Wiliams variety showed the highest seed yield. Seed yield significantly increased with increasing fertilizer application. The number of pods was affected by all factors, but the number of node per stem, the number of seed per pod, 100 seed wieght, and seed yield per branches were affected only by variety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting dates on stem borer and blast disease and yield in replanted rice cultivars in Amol, Iran
Allahyar Fallah Merhdad Allahyar Fallah Ranjbar AbdolrezaTo determine the effects of planting date and nitrogen fertilizer on stem borer, blast disease and rice yield of in replanted rice cultivars of Koohsar, Binam, Tarom Hashemi, and Tarom Mahali, two separate experiments were carried out in split plot based on randomized c MoreTo determine the effects of planting date and nitrogen fertilizer on stem borer, blast disease and rice yield of in replanted rice cultivars of Koohsar, Binam, Tarom Hashemi, and Tarom Mahali, two separate experiments were carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design during the growing years of 2015-2016 in Amol, Iran. The first experiment was the effect of nitrogen fertilizer with the amounts of 30, 60, and 90 kg/ha on rice cultivars. The second one was the effect of planting dates including 24 July, 3, 11, and 13 August on severity of stem borer, blast disease and rice cultivars yield. The severity of stem borer was about 18 on Koohsar, and 6 ~ 12% on Binam, Tarom Hashemi, and Tarom Mahali cultivars. The increase of nitrogen application rate resulted in significant increase of stem borer severity in vegetative and reproductive stages.The amounts of panicle node blast in Koohsar and Binam cultivars were 21 ~ 43 and 4%, respectively. Increasing nitrogen rate caused significantly higher rice yield, but application of 90 kg/ha N increased the severity of stem borer. There was no significant difference in stem borer severity among the studied cultivars. The stem borer and blast disease severity was in maximum level in the first planting date. Panicle node blast severity in Koohsar was more than local rice cultivars in all three planting dates. To obtain higher rice yield and less damage of stem borer and blast disease in rice replanting system, the second planting date and 60 kg/ha of N fertilizer is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effects of row distance and nitrogen fertilizer on agro-morphological traits and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
Godratallah Sharafi Masoud Rafiee Ali KhorgamyGerman chamomile is an annual plant and is one of the important medicinal plants. Its flowers possess valuable active ingredients having several applications in herbal medicine. To evaluate the effect of row distance and nitrogen fertilizer on agro-morphological traits MoreGerman chamomile is an annual plant and is one of the important medicinal plants. Its flowers possess valuable active ingredients having several applications in herbal medicine. To evaluate the effect of row distance and nitrogen fertilizer on agro-morphological traits and essential oil content of chamomile, a factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with two factors included net nitrogen at three levels (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha from urea source) and row distances with 35, 25 and 15 cm at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch in 2009. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained in 15 cm row distancewith an application of 100 kg/ha nitrogen (N). The highest dry matter (474.1 kg/ha) of flower and essential oil content (0.2%) were produced in 25 cm row distance with 100 kg/ha N. Regarding to the sustainable agriculture system in respect of reliable fertilizer use, nitrogen fertilizer (100kg/ha) along with agronomic practices like proper plant density, will lead to high production of essential oil and dry flower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of vermincompost and nitrogen fertilizer levels ongrowth and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
Shahram Mohammadi Bahram Mirshekari Varharam Rashidi Rahim AliMohammadiA greenhouse study was conducted based on a complete randomized block design with twelve treatments and four replications in Islamic Azad University , Miyaneh Branch during 2010 in order to evaluate the effects of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth an MoreA greenhouse study was conducted based on a complete randomized block design with twelve treatments and four replications in Islamic Azad University , Miyaneh Branch during 2010 in order to evaluate the effects of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Treatments consisted of three amounts of vermicompost (10, 20 and 30 pot volume) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 kg/ha). ANOVA revealed a significant difference for all characteristics except for plant height, harvest index, and essential oil. The comparison of the mean characteristics showed that the treatment with 20% vermicompost increased the number of seed per plant, 1000 grain weight and eventually seed yield. The comparison of the mean traits showed an increase in measured traits in treatment with 100 kg/ha. The application of 100 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and 20% of vermicompost had an effective role in increasing the seed yield in cumin. Because of highly desirable effects of vermicompost and improvement of soil fertility level it is recommended to apply high ratio of this fertilizer and if possible, in lands using manures for soil fertility it is advisable to modify these fertilizers which are infected by weed seeds with the help of earthworms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The effect of different urea rates on some morphological and phytochemical traits of artichoke
Marziyeh Allahdadi Laleh Mosharraf Broujeni2Proper application of N fertilizer and its optimization in plants is definitely important. To study the effect of different level of nitrogen fertilizer on some morphological and phytochemical traits of artichoke, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blo MoreProper application of N fertilizer and its optimization in plants is definitely important. To study the effect of different level of nitrogen fertilizer on some morphological and phytochemical traits of artichoke, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in field conditions during two consecutive years in Isfahan, Iran. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha net nitrogen from urea source. Morphological traits including stem height, number of leaves per plant and number of capitols per plant and phytochemical traits such as total phenol, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were measured. Increasing of urea fertilizer rate from 0 to 200 kg/ha increased stem height, number of leaves and capitols per plant, but decreased total phenol and flavonoid and antioxidant activity. Although nitrogen is an essential element for growth and development of artichoke plant, the consumption of high levels of nitrogen fertilizer has negative effect on qualitative traits. Also, considering chemical fertilizers hazard in environment, it is recommended to use 100 kg/ ha N to achieve optimal yield in artichoke. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Effect of sowing date and urea fertilizer on some morphological traits, yield and yield components of wheat in Hashtroud, Iran climate condition
Iraj Yaghoubian Saeid Ghassemi Yasser YaghoubianAmong the agronomic practices, planting date and nitrogen fertilization are the prime factors that remarkably limit crop production. To evaluate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on some morphological traits and yield of wheat, a field experiment was con MoreAmong the agronomic practices, planting date and nitrogen fertilization are the prime factors that remarkably limit crop production. To evaluate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on some morphological traits and yield of wheat, a field experiment was conducted at a Farm of Hashtroud, Iran in 2015 growing season. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design in split-plot experiment with three replications. Experimental treatments included Four sowing date of Sept. 27, Oct. 4, Oct. 11, and Oct. 18 as main plot and three nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha as sub plots. Plant height, spike length, peduncle length and extrusion peduncle length increased with nitrogen fertilizer rates but, delay in sowing date decreased these traits. Also, delaying in sowing date decreased 1000 grains weight and grain yield per hectare. Nitrogen application significantly increased seeds per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield and harvest index. In general, wheat cultivation on Sept. 27th and using 100 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer is recommended in Hashtroud region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Effect of tillage procedures and nitrogen fertilizer on the forage production and some agronomic characters of silage maize (Zea mays L.) cv. KSC704
Mohammad Nasiri Mehdi Mianaji Seyyed Alimohammad Borgheei Effects of different tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer levels on forage production and some agronomic traits of silage maize (Zea mays L.) cv. KSC704 were studied. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications wa More Effects of different tillage systems and nitrogen fertilizer levels on forage production and some agronomic traits of silage maize (Zea mays L.) cv. KSC704 were studied. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Three procedures of tillage (moldboard plow with disc, sweep with disc and double discs) and three nitrogen levels (100, 200 and 300 kg.ha-1) were applied. Plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, ear length and diameter, dry weight and forage production were measured. The effect of nitrogen levels on height, fresh weight, dry weight and silage production were significant. The maximum forage yield (51575.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained by 300 kg.ha-1 nitrogen application. The effect of tillage procedures on fresh weight, dry weight and forage production of silage were also significant. The maximum forage yield (49911.9 kg.ha-1) was obtained for the sweep along with disc treatment. The effect of nitrogen levels and tillage systems on fresh weight and forage yield of silage maize were also significant. The maximum forage production (53582.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained by double discs with an application of 300 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. Manuscript profile
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