-
Open Access Article
1 - Inter-paradigmatic concept of security: the U.S. security approach after cold war as a case study
Dr. Abdol all Ghavam Mehdi VahidiIn the present article we have made a discourse, historical, analytic and paradigm analysis on the concept of security in order to remove its ambiguities in international relations. We have also investigated the transition of historical view point regarding the concept MoreIn the present article we have made a discourse, historical, analytic and paradigm analysis on the concept of security in order to remove its ambiguities in international relations. We have also investigated the transition of historical view point regarding the concept of national and international security through extensive accounts of the transitions of the security concept dated back to the cold war era. Besides, after careful consideration of security paradigm transition ( realism, liberalism, constructivism), we attempted to theorize security both subjectively and objectively in a way to present its conceptual transition in U.S. foreign policy. Underlining the extensive concept of security, the results indicated a need for an inter paradigm study in terms of ontology, epistemnlogy and discourse regarding any analysis and investigation in the area of security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Dominance of Iranian criminal codes in overseas offences based on Imams-related Jurisprudence and national security
Mohammad MalmirThere are some crimes carried out against national security and others by expatriateIranians. Moreover, some crimes are done by foreigners which are associated withour country. Carrying out some of these crimes can endamage our homeland andexternal security. This study MoreThere are some crimes carried out against national security and others by expatriateIranians. Moreover, some crimes are done by foreigners which are associated withour country. Carrying out some of these crimes can endamage our homeland andexternal security. This study tries to describe that establishing all national criminalcodes related to all expatriate Iranians' crime is neither logical nor practical.Actually, our national criminal codes can be established only about few overseascrimes done by expatriate Iranians or foreigners against our national security.Consequently, the criminal codes should be established on just some specialoverseas crimes. On the one hand, the purpose of Iranian criminal codes dominancein some overseas offences is implementation of canon laws, and on the other hand itis providing the national security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Unilateral Humanitarian Interventions and International Law
علیرضا Mohammad KhaniNato’s claim that the intervention must be motivated byhumanitarian reasons, and its unilateral intervention in Kosovoelevated the most controversial questions. The international reactionto this action has been mixed. This paper seeks to engage with thecurrent deb MoreNato’s claim that the intervention must be motivated byhumanitarian reasons, and its unilateral intervention in Kosovoelevated the most controversial questions. The international reactionto this action has been mixed. This paper seeks to engage with thecurrent debate over the legitimacy of humanitarian interventionby focusing on the legal and moral challenge posed by unilateralaction in the society of states. The author investigates if the UNauthorization is a crucial condition for the legitimacy of humanitarianinterventions, and if so, what is the proper relationship between theSecurity Council and the General Assembly? The first part of thepaper briefly considers how the problem of unilateral action is treatedin the disciplines of international law and international relations. Therest of the paper identifies three alternative interpretations of thelegality and morality of Nato’s unilateral action in Kosovo: First, theintervention was illegal and a fundamental threat to the principlesof international order; Second, it fails the test of legality but shouldbe morally approved. Finally, it represents a landmark case in thedevelopment of a new rule of customary international law permittingunilateral humanitarian interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Impression of Water Crisis in National Security
Mohammad Hassan Nami Homa Vaezi Masoomeh Rezaei Nejad -
Open Access Article
5 - Geopolitical Impact of Energy Transmission on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
basir asghariAbstractBasically, energy is one of the most influential elements in the economic and political decisions of the actors of the international system, so that they can use this element to overcome the behavior of other actors. which was first used by library resources suc MoreAbstractBasically, energy is one of the most influential elements in the economic and political decisions of the actors of the international system, so that they can use this element to overcome the behavior of other actors. which was first used by library resources such as the book Articles, articles, documents, press and statistics are used to describe the theoretical framework of the research and then to collect field data, a questionnaire has been used. Evaluation, research hypothesis testing and data analysis were done using SPSS software and regression test.The findings of the field studies indicate that the components of the prevention of crude energy and the adoption of the policy of development of refining and petrochemical industries, having the role of the most economical and secure energy transmission passage, providing and ensuring energy security and transmission, control Energy transit in the Strait of Hormuz, investment in the exploitation and transfer of energy, promotion of Iran's geopolitical weight due to access to energy resources and being located at the center of the strategic global energy center contributes more than other geopolitical components of energy transfer to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.
Masood Mosadegh Reza RoshaniThe Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic R MoreThe Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The social human consequences of dust in national security
Abbasali Khodami Rebaz Ghorbaninejad Mahmoud AhmadiIn the present age, when emerging countries can make developed countries and former colonies economically dependent on themselves, ensuring economic independence and the possibility of self-reliance of countries is one of the conditions for advancing the foundations of MoreIn the present age, when emerging countries can make developed countries and former colonies economically dependent on themselves, ensuring economic independence and the possibility of self-reliance of countries is one of the conditions for advancing the foundations of national security. Environmental crises or natural disasters are sudden events that have increased environmental problems, climate change, and increased human problems such as health, security, and migration. The purpose of this study is to investigate the social human consequences of dust in Iran's national security. Research Method In this research, with a descriptive-analytical and applied method, the quantitative effects of foreign waters of western Iran on the generation of dust and its role in national security have been investigated. The statistical population of the study consists of experts in the fields of geopolitics and environment, the sample size of which was estimated based on the Cochran model of 30 people. The results showed that migration from border cities - increasing unemployment, increasing problems in agriculture, industry and services in cities, the occurrence of heterogeneous social phenomena in cities and increasing border disputes are among the most important consequences of dust on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of Iraq's insecurity factors and its effects on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
mohamad eisa ansarifard simin armaqan alireza estelajiwill give necessary and at the same time will clarify the possibilities and limitations for them. Since there is a relationship between geographical factors and government policies, governments make policies according to the geographical situation of their country. For Morewill give necessary and at the same time will clarify the possibilities and limitations for them. Since there is a relationship between geographical factors and government policies, governments make policies according to the geographical situation of their country. For this reason, geopolitical studies are particularly important. In addition to examining the relationship between geographical factors and the politics of a country, geopolitics also deals with the interpretation of eventsand predicts the future and determines the political policy of the country. Today, one of the most important issues that make countries face fundamental challenges is geopolitics versus security. The security of people in a geographical space is dependent on the security of governments, and the more powerful and stable the governments are, the more secure they can be. One of the issues that has a fundamental position in relation to the discussion of international security is the discussion of failed governments, which pose a danger not only to its subjects, but also to international security and can challenge international security and This basis in the current decade is among the countries that are among the failed governments; The country is Iraq. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Impact of environmental hazards of "Aq Dareh" gold mining from a geopolitical perspective with emphasis on national security
Alireza mehrabi ghasem abbasianfard Soroush NikmaneshResearch ahead aiming to investigate Aq Dareh gold mining operations which is located in the city of Takab (one of the functions of West Azerbaijan) and its construction operation began in 2003, due to non-compliance with the required standards in the process of product MoreResearch ahead aiming to investigate Aq Dareh gold mining operations which is located in the city of Takab (one of the functions of West Azerbaijan) and its construction operation began in 2003, due to non-compliance with the required standards in the process of production cycle (exploration, extraction of natural materials and its conversion into industrial products, energy consumption, production of waste materials) facing the surrounding area with major challenges and consequently various areas related to the environment, energy consumption, safety and health due to the expansion of industries and services, the emergence of metropolises and population growth, Iran, like other countries to meet your needs, due to non-compliance with environmental standards It has destroyed part of its non-renewable natural resources. This research shows that Aq Dareh gold mining operation due to non-compliance with environmental regulations, seven areas of security in this area which includes economic, food, health, environmental, personal, social and political, faced with a crisis such a way that it is not possible to compensate not only in the short term, but also in the long term Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The geoeconomic status and position of the Islamic Repulic of Iran and its role in keeping and promoting national security
مهدی MinaeiThe basis of geostrategic scopes during cold war which had been built uponmilitary force, geographic space and ideologic influence was destroyed because ofmany reasons including high cost of arms and support for satellite countries,emergence of technologic revolution, a MoreThe basis of geostrategic scopes during cold war which had been built uponmilitary force, geographic space and ideologic influence was destroyed because ofmany reasons including high cost of arms and support for satellite countries,emergence of technologic revolution, and development of communications.Meawhile, with decrease in the role of military and ideologic issues, groupingsand competitious between the two superpowers and their allies which were defined andanalyzed on the basis of militarism weakened, and the factors of workforce andeconomic resources were introduced as the index of “better development and power”.At present the strategic regions are classified on the basis of gross national product,human resources, and national resources. Specifcally the mark of power in the twentyfirstcentury is the economic capabilities at the internatiunal level, controllingprodution system, supply and consumption of economic goods. This is why thegeostrategic regions are mached with the regions that have abundant natural resources(specially energy resoures) as well as substantial gross national product.Therefore, the region of the broader middle east, specially the Persion Gulf andCaspian Sea play a very special “geoeconomic” role in the twenty-first century as theyhave more than 70 percrent of energy resources (Oil and Gas). The Islamic Repulic ofIran, which was considered an important country during Cold War, has been currentlymached with the global geoconomic situation. And it’s regional sitution during coldwar has turned to an excellent international situation in world considerations.This exceptional situation is irreplaceble and will become a pivotal role in formulatingthe strategies related to the world power systems.The natural domination of the Islamic Republic of Iran over Hormoz Strait andthe strategic islands around it, as well as having borders with the world’s secondlargest oil and gas resource in the North has made this country an important factor inestablishing peace and stability in the twenty-first century. Meanwhile, the IslamicRepublic of Iran should formulate a “geopolitic agenda” which can on the one hand,answer the regional and global problems and demands, and on the other hand ensurethe national security and interests, and realize the Islamic Revolution’s causes in thebest possible way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - An analysis on role of security and military interferes in Persian Gulf and its effect in nation security and advantages of Islamic republic
Farahnaz mayel afshar Ezzatollah EzzatiFinding zone such as Persian Gulf is rare which political aspects would be tested there and no zone as Persian Gulf has not been succeded to attract people to it. As history says, Persian Gulf has been important part of the world and in recent half century, Persian Gul MoreFinding zone such as Persian Gulf is rare which political aspects would be tested there and no zone as Persian Gulf has not been succeded to attract people to it. As history says, Persian Gulf has been important part of the world and in recent half century, Persian Gulf has been one of the most important and critical zone of the world geopolitically and strategically and due to current changes in international relation it should be noted that in twenty first century this zone is considered as the most important place and is called Heart land geopolitics by classic. But now this zone faces a phenomenon as militarism, different view oint op countries about security ad distrust together have provided grounds for intra regional powers to interferer and affects on its national advantages and security directiy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Environmental Impact of Climate Change on National Security
Mohammad Jalali Maryam Afshari zeinab mazinanianAlthough the effects of climate change are threatening to the living conditions of a large part of the world, different groups of activists have failed to improve the climate regime. It is natural that those countries which are more vulnerable to climate change should f MoreAlthough the effects of climate change are threatening to the living conditions of a large part of the world, different groups of activists have failed to improve the climate regime. It is natural that those countries which are more vulnerable to climate change should find some ways to improve the climate by using both legal methods and other less formal methods such as identifying climate change as a security and environmental problem. Climate change and global warming are regarded as two factors, which play a significant role in threatening human security since food shortages, water scarcity, environmental degradation, poverty, disease outbreaks, and mass migration can separately lead to national security, which will undermine and contribute to the failed government scenario. In the domestic and global arena, the security of the modern government becomes meaningful with respect to superior power, and the society is considered insecure even if it faces with a lack of threats. In the modern national security discourse, we see an increase in security software, in addition to its hardware. In the wake of the development of the concept of security, especially the development of a range of national security threats, critics have suggested that civilian threats such as economic and environmental threats can, in turn, be as serious as military threats. Therefore, these threats should be considered as security threats. This article tries to provide an analysis of the impact of environmental dimensions of climate change on national security from the perspective of international environmental law, using an interdisciplinary approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Analysis of Crimes against the Environment in Relation to National Security and Public Order; Challenges and Solutions
sarah ziadkhani SADEGH SALIMI ABDULALI GHAVAMNational security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have MoreNational security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have irreparable effects have caused this category to become a significant influence in jeopardizing national and international security and to face a serious risk to sustainable development. Green Crime has endangered the national security with its characteristics. By recognizing one of the anti-green crimes under the title of crimes against security, Iran's legal system has paid attention to the fact that environmental crimes can endanger national security in some cases. However, in other dimensions, the anti-green crime has not had a coherent criminal policy in the areas of criminal law, which is proposed to be achieved in the form of differential criminalization. This research, using descriptive-analytical method, will firstly describe the green belt and environmental security, and then, from a legal and criminological point of view, it will investigate the impact of the green belt on national security and environmental security, and will discuss the challenges and solutions in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Recent developments in the Middle East and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
عباس مکرمی mohomod sotodeh araniEstablishment of National security and protecting the country from external threats, is one of the most important foreign policy goals (including Iran). While national security is affected by the internal structures and processes, in direct contact with the surrounding MoreEstablishment of National security and protecting the country from external threats, is one of the most important foreign policy goals (including Iran). While national security is affected by the internal structures and processes, in direct contact with the surrounding environment factors and regional environment. Therefore, knowledge of the local environment and its evolution, could be an important step in strengthening and maintaining the country's security. In this article in addition to I answer the main question that the most important factor for regional influence on national security mean? With using analytical_descriptive method, and inspired by the views of David. Lake and Patrick M. Morgan, on regional arrangements, first I try to express most important factors for change in the Middle East discipline. Then addition to evaluating recent developments in the Middle East, I explain the Strategy to strengthen and maintain the security of Iran. And check the hypothesis that the change in the local power structure and efforts to shape the new regional order, has the greatest impact on the Iran's security environment and by using the strategy of defense diplomacy, security threats can be controlled And to achieve an appropriate level of regional and national security. For this purpose build trust, détente and negotiations and relations between Armies, by the military diplomats, have high priority to establish order and security in the region and protect national security of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Advantages and disadvantages of passive defense policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad Taghi Roostaei رضا دلاوریDefend against danger, has a history of the height of human history. Today, despite various threats, achieve reliable and efficient defense strategies in the field of national security to become one of the most important goals is at risk countries. Islamic Republic of I MoreDefend against danger, has a history of the height of human history. Today, despite various threats, achieve reliable and efficient defense strategies in the field of national security to become one of the most important goals is at risk countries. Islamic Republic of Iran is faced with a variety of internal and external threats, In addition to operating defense, also special considerations to dimension passive defense. The interesting point in this area is the effects of passive defense and deficiencies in the way of its implementation in Iran. So, this research's question is: the most important advantages and disadvantages of passive defense in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The study carried out a descriptive study using library and internet resources, we can say aggressive military cost overruns and reduce or prevent damage to Iran and thus strengthen deterrence force philanthropic as the most important benefits is the development and implementation of passive defense and as well as the lack of a long-term strategy for the implementation of passive defense and lack of financial resource and equipment to enemies in Iran as the most important failures of the project is known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Constructivist Analysis of U.S. National Security Attitudes Facing Islamic Republic of Iran
morteza shirody tahre knaniThe present article has posed an analysis of confrontation of U.S. with Islamic Republic of Iran based on a conceptually constructivist framework and answered this question that “what role have security attitudes and imaginations of American political leaders towa MoreThe present article has posed an analysis of confrontation of U.S. with Islamic Republic of Iran based on a conceptually constructivist framework and answered this question that “what role have security attitudes and imaginations of American political leaders towards Iran-America relations particularly after Revolution?” The article has hypothesized that type of attitude and perception of U.S. officials showing their ideological and supreme power has very largely influenced Iran-America relations. For constructivist concept, imaginative and mental system of people specifies how they behave and act; in fact, the hegemonic imagination that American leaders and American community have towards other people of the world and sense of responsibility and mission for rescuing other people in the world triggered materialization of hegemonic imagination and mission of democratizing the world and salvaging other people in the world by creating international climate security, kicking up horror and dismay, intervening in the affairs of other nations and attempting for subversion of established governments of those nations. The conceptual framework of this article is a constructivist idea and security attitudes of American statesmen vis-à-vis Iran have been analyzed by relying upon constructivist idea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - An Analysis of the Effect of Challenges and Conflicts Related to the Syrian Crisis on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Muhammad Ebrahimi Ali Mohseni Abbas Barjoee fardThe purpose of the present study is to review challenges and conflicts related to the Syrian crisis on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and it was conducted using library sources and inferential and docu MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review challenges and conflicts related to the Syrian crisis on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and it was conducted using library sources and inferential and documentary approaches. The results convey that challenges and disputes related to the Syrian crisis have aspects more than just political disagreements or ethnic, identity, and religious challenges. They are rooted in the negative interference and competition of regional and super-regional powers to gain more penetration in the Middle East. The consequences of this process on the Islamic Republic of Iran include: threatening military, political, social, and economic security which creates serious challenges for the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Transformation of National Security Discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Davood Dakhshaei Mohsen GholipourThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the transformation of national security discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Using descriptive analysis, this research study aims to critically explore the existing theories in this regard and come up with a new MoreThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the transformation of national security discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Using descriptive analysis, this research study aims to critically explore the existing theories in this regard and come up with a new model to analyze the course of change in national security discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, this perspective is emphasized that we have always witnessed the presence of two rival discourses in the realm of politics and among the elites such that the course of discourse change cannot be analyzed in a single developmental path. The two rival discourses have been classified by some into either traditional-modern or revolutionary-national. However, the analysis of them indicates that they can be regarded as either identity-oriented or development-oriented. In reality and practical form, development in the Islamic Republic of Iran has always been categorized within the arguments and measures of the two security discourses mentioned above so that it has led to opposite ideas and incongruous policy making to achieve long term security and developmental objectives in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Because of this, one of the main features of national security issues in the Islamic Republic of Iran is lack of common consensus among the elites on the concept of national security, security policies, threats, and vulnerabilities causing crisis at the time of two aforementioned discourses’ domination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - An Analysis and Assessment of Turkey’s Foreign Policy in Iraq and Its Impact on National Interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2010-2023)
Sami Rasool Maktouf al-Rekabi Mohammad Torabi Mohammad Hassan Ali Mohammad Bashir EsmaeiliThe purpose of the present research is to study Turkey’s foreign policy in front of Iraq and its impact on national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the theory of neorealism along with a descriptive-analytic method was used. The results showed MoreThe purpose of the present research is to study Turkey’s foreign policy in front of Iraq and its impact on national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the theory of neorealism along with a descriptive-analytic method was used. The results showed that Turkey’s foreign policy in Iraq is based on increasing penetration, acquiring better position, and maintaining power balance with Iran which, on the one hand, has common interests for both countries, and on the other hand, involves contradictory interests. At for positive points and collaboration, this subject is rooted in the geography of 3 countries and is a function of regional environment, terrorism, and Kurds’ issue while with respect to competition, it is due to the expansion of the penetration of 2 countries in Iraq. Iran supports the policy of sustaining the status quo whereas Turkey seeks changing the current situation. Iran considers itself as an ally of Iraq while Turkey pursues hegemony and regional leadership. On the other hand, in the economic field, Turkey aims to acquire the highest share of trade and take control of energy transmission from Iraq to Europe. Therefore, it can be said that Turkey mostly uses means of soft power for its hard purposes while Iran uses components of hard power for its soft purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Study of the Security Consequences of Attracting Foreign Direct Investment to the Islamic Republic of Iran
Shahram Saadatmand Hosein Ahmadi Masoud HemmatThe purpose of the present research is to study security consequences of attracting foreign direct investment to the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it emphasizes on the hypothesis that in addition to the advantages of attractin MoreThe purpose of the present research is to study security consequences of attracting foreign direct investment to the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it emphasizes on the hypothesis that in addition to the advantages of attracting foreign direct investment to the country, the security consequences of this issue are among some of the most effective factors on how much foreign direct investments are attracted to the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research results reveal that efficient management and accurate planning by the executive organizations and the economic diplomacy in the country would moderate security concerns and thus attracting foreign direct investment can foster national security and solidarity in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Study of the Backgrounds and Causes behind Iran-Russia's Strategic Coalition in Syria
Morteza Rafieibasiri Mahdi Javdani Moqaddam Davood kianiCooperation in the management of the Syrian crisis is considered a new field in the process of collaboration between Iran and Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In this regard, there are two different views about the strategic or tactical perspective of r MoreCooperation in the management of the Syrian crisis is considered a new field in the process of collaboration between Iran and Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In this regard, there are two different views about the strategic or tactical perspective of relations between two countries inside and outside Syria. Within this framework, the main research question of the present study is: what are the main reasons behind Iran-Russia cooperation in the Syrian war and what is the perspective of the strategic coalition between two countries? The research method is descriptive-analytic and it relies on the hypothesis that since Iran and Russia had long term political-economic interests and also a common enemy in Syria, operational cooperation between two countries in the level of strategic coalition started which successfully led to the stabilization of the Syrian government and provision of the common interests of Iran and Russia. Yet, their strategic coalition in Syria and globally is under the influence of historic perceptions underlying relations between two countries especially, from the view of some Iranian and Russian elites and it would create an important challenge in transition to their strategic alliance in international policy. Accordingly, the research results confirm their strategic coalition but reject their strategic alliance. Iran has always supported the stability of its neighboring countries. The most important threat to Iran is lack of government or having a weak government in the neighboring countries as the instability would penetrate into the territories of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seems that the Russian federation is also afraid of extension of the Syrian crisis to enter its southern territories. Lack of government in the neighboring countries would be a basis for the emergence of some groups such as ISIS and so on which can possibly be used by regional and trans-regional competitive powers. From this view, one of the important threats to the national security of Iran and Russia is lack of government or having weak governments in their neighboring countries because in this situation regional and trans-regional powers as well as terrorist groups can plan and organize to challenge the national security of two countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Nitro Zeus, a confrontation between America's international policies and the Islamic Republic's sovereignty model after a half century of challenge
reza jalali ali akbar amini amirhossein zarei mahmod abadiThe purpose of the present study is to analyze opposing policies of Iran and the US, particularly in the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data were gathered with a library method. The results i MoreThe purpose of the present study is to analyze opposing policies of Iran and the US, particularly in the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data were gathered with a library method. The results indicated that a military confrontation with the Islamic Republic of Iran is extremely strenuous and costly, and the United States know it for sure that the abandonment of sovereignty in Iran is impossible even with a nuclear attack by them, unless it is accompanied by people and physical presence on Iran's soil. Iranians have unique identities, as they become united in difficulty, and no alternative can be envisaged for this unique historical sovereignty coalesced with Islamism, Iranianism together with their ethnic and racial identity in Iran. The only way is to accept the absolute sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of absolute Guardianship of Islamic Jurist; that is, both parties, particularly the United States, should live up to international rules and treaties, which in turn leads to a constructive and mutual interaction between both parties in the long run. Inclusive confrontation with Iran, ranging from nuclear attack to Nitro Zeus, no matter how strong they are, are not sufficient for an encounter with Iran. And, since there is no alternative to this model of sovereignty given the complex and multilayered identity of Iranian culture, it is evident that compliance with the new global order and embracing Iran is the only solution for putting an end to this challenge from the last half century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Impact of Soft Power on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei
karim abbasi samad ghaempanah hasan shamsinighyasvand seydasasdolah athariThe type and degree of threat of each country has a direct relationship with the goals and ideals of its government. The Islamic Republic of Iran as a government that relies on religious and religious values and ideals that relies on religious democracy and its most i MoreThe type and degree of threat of each country has a direct relationship with the goals and ideals of its government. The Islamic Republic of Iran as a government that relies on religious and religious values and ideals that relies on religious democracy and its most important goal is the realization of justice and the spread of the ideals of the Islamic Revolution throughout the world, a society with these ideals and goals always faces threats. One of the ways to examine the foundations of the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to study the speeches of Ayatollah Khamenei, who is in charge of the major policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, the main question is; What is the impact of soft power on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Assessing US National Security Policy in Southwest Asia
Hasan Esfandiari Ebrahim Motaghi Mahdi NasrHasan Esfandiari [1],Ebrahim Motaghi [2]*,Mahdi Nasr[3] Abstract: Southwest Asia is one of the least stable regions, where regional conflicts, especially the Arab-Israeli conflict, continue for nearly more than 2 decades after the end of the Cold War. In the fie MoreHasan Esfandiari [1],Ebrahim Motaghi [2]*,Mahdi Nasr[3] Abstract: Southwest Asia is one of the least stable regions, where regional conflicts, especially the Arab-Israeli conflict, continue for nearly more than 2 decades after the end of the Cold War. In the field of regional countries, the United States is trying to put new strategies on the agenda to bring about a permanent balance of power and threats based on the equation of national security and national interests of the United States. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate US national security policy in Southwest Asia. The research method was qualitative. Finally, it is concluded that the structure of US national security policy is based on recognizing the national security challenge of major powers, regional threats, the appeal of emerging actors, and how to deal with threats, each of which can be used as part of regulatory mechanisms. [1].PhD Student in Political Science (International Relations), Faculty of Political Science, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran [2].Full Professor Department of Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Corr­esp­o­nd­i­ng Author [3].Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Payame Noor University, Shahrekord, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Major Threats to International Peace and Security
bijan amiri amir hooshang mirkoshesh ehsan razaniGlobal security has principles and frameworks that in order to maintain global security, any security effort is aimed at protecting the values of global security or preventing its weakening. With the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in the international s MoreGlobal security has principles and frameworks that in order to maintain global security, any security effort is aimed at protecting the values of global security or preventing its weakening. With the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in the international system, the concept and foundations of global security underwent changes that weakened these foundations and had many consequences. In the light of global security developments, new actors such as individuals, NGOs, social movements and identities entered the int­er­na­ti­o­n­al arena and the scope of global security threats expanded. In this article, while explaining the principles and frameworks of global security, the threats of the principles of global sec­u­ri­ty have been studied and analyzed in order to obtain a proper explanation of the global security situation and its threats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Mechanism of the Nature and Competencies of the Supreme National Security Council with Emphasis on Decisions Related to Nuclear Activities
Ali ghorbanpour Abolfazl Ranjbari Mohammad MazhariAli ghorbanpour[1],Abolfazl Ranjbari[2]*,Mohammad Mazhari[3] Abstract: After the talks on the adoption of Resolution 598 and the ceasefire with Iraq, Iran's nuclear activities are one of the most complex and crucial international cr­i­s­­es in MoreAli ghorbanpour[1],Abolfazl Ranjbari[2]*,Mohammad Mazhari[3] Abstract: After the talks on the adoption of Resolution 598 and the ceasefire with Iraq, Iran's nuclear activities are one of the most complex and crucial international cr­i­s­­es in Iran. The purpose of the Constitutional Legislature in establishing the Supreme National Security Council has been to create a specialized and supreme center for the establishment of unity of procedure and the adoption of comprehensive security policies. In fact, the main question is what is the mechanism of the nature and competencies of the Supreme National Security Council in nuclear decisions? Based on the results, it can be said that in the constitutional law system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme National Security Council is among the policy-making authorities, and also, considering that the verbal and idiomatic nature of policy-making is related to determining the existing policy and general axes in relation to a certain subject. It can be concluded that an important part of the resolutions of the Supreme National Security Council, which are examples of the exercise of the powers provided for in paragraph 1 of Article One Hundred and Seventy-six. [1].PhD Student in public law, Department of public law, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran. [2].Assistant Professor, Department of public law, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding Author [3].Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - National Resilience As A Determinant Of National Security Of Ukraine
Svitlana Bondarenko Ivan Tkach Serhii Drobotov Anatolii Mysyk Kateryna Plutytska -
Open Access Article
28 - Sociological study of the definition of national security of governments in the age of globalization
Parviz AhadiThe globalization is a social, political and economic process and is the result of the integration of time and space in such a way that it has weakened the communication discourse and diminished the differences and leading to the sovereignty and security of the nations. MoreThe globalization is a social, political and economic process and is the result of the integration of time and space in such a way that it has weakened the communication discourse and diminished the differences and leading to the sovereignty and security of the nations. These changes have diminished or changed the govetnment's ability and capacity against regional and international pressures. The raise or reduction in the government's power, a change in their capacity , ability or disability and in the regional and international conflicts and struggles, the negotiations in the national security which is a combination of modern-traditional discourse and post-modernism and its political legitimacy have influenced political security and integration. These changes have led to the classification of the country into four groups of 1) big powers, 2) the presence of countries in the stable regions, 3) the countries in crisis regions, and 4) weak and defeated countries.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Ethnic Inequality and National Security
Mohammad Youssefi Joybari Yasser Seydi Mohammadi Alireza FattahiEthnicity and nationalism have always been important components of social and political studies which originate from racial differences. Inequality and ethnic diversity is not a threat in itself and if it is considered as a normal thing in a society and also is a corn s MoreEthnicity and nationalism have always been important components of social and political studies which originate from racial differences. Inequality and ethnic diversity is not a threat in itself and if it is considered as a normal thing in a society and also is a corn stone of it, can provide opportunities for social prosperity. National security and political participation and its relationship to ethnic communities are very important. The more the sense of 'self' in ethnic communities the more their political participation and national security will be and vice versa. The process of globalization and the spread of communication transform and complicate the situation and it also has great influence on ethnic feelings and national security of societies. This paper seeks to answer the key question of “what is the role of ethnic inequalities in national security?”. The hypothesis is that, the ethnic inequalities reduce the national security and political participation. Also, social participation of ethnic groups will increase their political understanding, accountability and strengthen their commitment to the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - An analysis of the role of environmental crimes in national security; jurisprudential, legal and criminological approaches
Sarah Ziadkhani Sadegh Salimi Seyed Abdolali GhavamA threat to national security is an action or a series of events that seriously threatens the quality of life of the residents of a country or the scope of authority of a government or private units belonging to a country in choosing policies in a more or less short per MoreA threat to national security is an action or a series of events that seriously threatens the quality of life of the residents of a country or the scope of authority of a government or private units belonging to a country in choosing policies in a more or less short period of time. It is extremely dangerous. National security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have irreparable effects have caused this category to become a significant influence in jeopardizing national and international security and to face a serious risk to sustainable development. This research described the important concepts of the study with a descriptive-analytical method, and then it examines the impact of the green belt on national security and environmental security from a legal, jurisprudential and criminological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Legal Explanation of Security Control of the Strait of Hormuz in International Law
Mahdi SalehiThe legal status of the Strait of Hormuz, considered an international strait, is affected by the rights of international waterways. The security of Iran and the region are interdependent and the international law of the seas does not accept this, except in exceptional c MoreThe legal status of the Strait of Hormuz, considered an international strait, is affected by the rights of international waterways. The security of Iran and the region are interdependent and the international law of the seas does not accept this, except in exceptional cases during armed conflict and only through inspections of ships. Findings show that the issue of sovereignty over the seas surrounding their land has long been the focus of lawyers and politicians and various theories and doctrines have been put forward. The Strait of Hormuz is of particular security importance internationally and it is the most important shipping bottleneck in the world and the countries of the region and the world depend on it for exports and imports. The most important reason for its superiority over other straits is the strategic location of the Persian Gulf. That adds to the importance of the gorge as an area with the largest proven reserves of energy and the role of the Strait of Hormuz in this strategic region as a link between the Persian Gulf and the energy transmitter of this region to the world.The purpose is to identify the role of the Strait of Hormuz in securing the Islamic Republic of Iran. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and has been made available through the use of library documents and resources and the availability of books and articles.Key words: Strait of Hormuz - National Security - International Law - Persian Gulf - Islamic Republic of Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Realization of human security through security in international political economy.
Hadi Masoudifar Alireza Arashpoor masoud Raei DehaghiConsidering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems n MoreConsidering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems necessary to provide a new classification of the concept of human security to be more compatible with current realities in the development of international trade. Accordingly, it is necessary, first, to examine transition from the concept of national security towards economic security, then, suggest and explain modern concepts in the field of human security. Accordingly, in the present research, the concept of human security has transited from merely military and environmental necessities and, in a modern approach, is considered in the form of the concept of international trade with the aim of protecting the trade data. Also, in this research, edited based on inductive method and library studies, the prevention principle is considered, as a modern method, to prevent trade data and intellectual property from being leaked to trade security to be realized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Influence of ISIS in Central Asia and its Impact on Iran's National Security
Zahra Tavakoli Kayhan Barzegar Majid Tavasoli roknabadiIn this study, the dangers of ISIS's Influence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national security are examined. Failed and fragile states in Central Asia do not have the ability to promote prosperity, security, education, and awareness for their people. As a res MoreIn this study, the dangers of ISIS's Influence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national security are examined. Failed and fragile states in Central Asia do not have the ability to promote prosperity, security, education, and awareness for their people. As a result, conditions are ripe for the people to lean towards extremism. Due to the presence of takfiri extremism on the western borders of Iran (Iraq and Syria), there are serious risks of this spreading to its eastern borders in Central Asia. Despite the existing hegemony between Iran and Russia and their mutual efforts to stop this current in the region, should the extremism on both sides of its borders join hands, Iran’s security will be seriously compromised in three ways to face serious challenges. Firstly, the extremism will span on its northern, eastern, and western borders; secondly, regional and trans-regional actors will use takfiri extremism for their strategic rivalries; and thirdly, a worsening case in Afghanistan will impact Iran’s security. Thus, focusing on “Regional and trans-regional convergence” can be the most important strategy for Iran to deal with this phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Strategy toward East in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Viewpoints, Settings and Opportunities
Ali AdamiSoviet Union collapse and the end of cold war have increased by twofold the significance of geopolitics and regional orientation in the international system in a way that many countries have selected regional orientation as a fundamental and stable concept to achieve th MoreSoviet Union collapse and the end of cold war have increased by twofold the significance of geopolitics and regional orientation in the international system in a way that many countries have selected regional orientation as a fundamental and stable concept to achieve their national interest and security. Over the past years, the dominant theoretical and practical perspective in the foreign policy of Iran was solely concentrated on the west at the expense of neglecting a particular strategy toward east. This type of Strategy in the foreign policy caused negligence of other power sources and centers as well as global wealth particularly near the boundaries. However, the strategy of east outlook has turned into a regional orientation strategy on the part of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the geographical and geopolitical outlook since Iran is one of those countries enjoying geostrategic, geo-economics and geopolitical advantages due to its geographical and political location. Accordingly, "east outlook strategy" which enjoys historical and scientific logic as well as political and geographical reasons in the foreign policy of Iran causes a new identification in the discourse of foreign policy and its importance increases steadily. The present study aims to investigate the viewpoints, settings and prospects of the east outlook strategy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Impact of Youth Identity Crisis on National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Yousef Khan Mohammadi Masoud Kaveh -
Open Access Article
36 - The status of tourism in national security and the process of development of countries (case study: Iran)
ali movagharpak fateme ghorbaniAccording to the World Tourism Organization, Iran ranked fifth in the natural attractions, and ranked tenth in historical and historical attractions. Therefore, the survey of tourists' performance levels in relation to tourist sites, in terms of correct management and c MoreAccording to the World Tourism Organization, Iran ranked fifth in the natural attractions, and ranked tenth in historical and historical attractions. Therefore, the survey of tourists' performance levels in relation to tourist sites, in terms of correct management and control of their behavior and promotion General awareness at various levels has a significant role in controlling tourism terrorism and promoting national security, and this provides development of the country in terms of economic, social, cultural, political and physical. No tourist is interested in being in critical or unsafe destinations. Therefore, it is necessary to know that "tourism security" is not only the protection of tourists from thieves and kidnappers; but also road safety, flight safety, formal procedures, visa issuance, full coverage of travel insurance, law enforcement, business activity and restrictions. All of the security issues Tourism is one of the factors affecting the success or failure of the tourism industry in the four corners of the global village. Finally, with the proper management and planning in the field of tourism security, it attracts tourists in the countrInteractions that affect the tourist's long-term, ecologically sustainable, economically durable, socially correlated, and beautifully landscaped landscapes. This research is based on analytical-descriptive and general-based reasoning, based on library resources, documents and statistical data of various centers and Scientific web sites have been used and information gathering has been used in a variety of ways. The result of the analysis confirms that national security, including Iran, has a direct relationship with their development and tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The status of Tourism in National Security and Developmental Trend of Countries (a Case Study of Iran)
ali movagharpak fatemeh ghorbaniAccording to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Iran held the fifth and tenth rank of natural and historical attractions respectively. Therefore, the survey of performance levels of tourists in relation to tourist sites, in terms of appropriate management and control MoreAccording to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Iran held the fifth and tenth rank of natural and historical attractions respectively. Therefore, the survey of performance levels of tourists in relation to tourist sites, in terms of appropriate management and control of their behavior and promoting general awareness at various levels has a significant role in controlling tourism terrorism and promoting national security, and this provides the development of the country as far as economic, social, cultural, political and physical issues are concerned. No tourist is interested in visiting unsafe destinations. Therefore, it is necessary to know that "tourism security" is not only the protection of tourists against thieves and kidnappers; but also it requires road and flight safety, formalities, visa issuance, full coverage of travel insurance, law enforcement, business activity and restrictions. All of these factors are security issues of tourism which affect the success or failure of tourism industry in the world. Finally, with proper management and planning in the field of tourism security, more tourists can be attracted to the country, so that if this development strengthens the positive aspects of tourism in socio-economic and environmental dimensions, it will also lead to sustainable development of the regions as well as interactions because of which an area becomes bio-environmentally habitable, economically durable, socially united, and physically beautiful and worth visiting. This research is an analytical-descriptive study which is based on reasoning, library resources, documents and statistical data are obtained from various centers. Scientific web sites have been used and the necessary data have been gathered in different ways. The result of the analysis confirms that national security in all parts of the world, including Iran, has a direct relationship with tourism development and tourist’s attraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Iraqi Kurdistan Developments and its Impact of the National Security of Islamic Republic of Iran
asghar bayat null null null nullAbstract: The Iraqi Kurdistan region is one of the important regions of the Middle East due its unique geopolitics. This region after the fall of Saddam (2003) and the formation of autonomous government have witnessed several events and developments which have had thei MoreAbstract: The Iraqi Kurdistan region is one of the important regions of the Middle East due its unique geopolitics. This region after the fall of Saddam (2003) and the formation of autonomous government have witnessed several events and developments which have had their impact on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article has paid attention to Iraqi Kurdistan developments for two reasons. First due to presence and activities of regional and extra-regional powers in Iraqi Kurdistan after the fall of Saddam, second the spread and strengthening the Kurdish nationalism in Kurdish residing regions of Iran. The consequences of these events are the expansion of the ethnic demands and expectation of Iranian Kurds from the central government and the possibility of disintegration from Iranian central government with foreign backing. Therefore, the present article by futures studies method wants to answer the question as to “what are the impacts of Iraqi Kurdistan developments on security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?” The hypothesis is that the Iraqi Kurdistan developments particularly the presence of regional powers there and in areas near Iranian borders and the presence of Kurdish groups who are against Iran can provide a disfavor able ground for measures against the national security of Iran. Eventually in this regard four scenarios have been suggested for future of this issue in the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Comparative Analysis of the Security in the Neorealist and Postmodern Perspective
محمد رضا اقارب پرست محمد میلاد شجاعیAbstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation MoreAbstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation of most theorists in this field. The question raised by the present article is "What homogeneities and heterogeneity exist between postmodernism and neorealism in security field?" The underlying hypothesis is that regarding the positivist and post positivist approaches of the two, neorealism and post modernism show different views about security. The paper by using comparative approach deals with the issue of security from neorealist and post-modernist viewpoints to show their similarities and differences. The finding of the study shows that neorealism has strengthened the position of super-government in the field of security. However the common basis of all postmodern beliefs is that, the state is not the main and exclusive actor in the established positivist approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Cross-Border Gas Pipelines and Energy Security of Islamic Republic Of Iran
Hojjat SalimiAbstract: Nowadays the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in int MoreAbstract: Nowadays the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in international gas trade through pipeline. The purpose of the present paper is to explain the challenges that Iran is facing for providing security of energy through cross border pipelines. The basic point is what are the most important challenges which Iran is facing in natural gas trade through cross border pipelines and what are the solution for managing these challenges? The descriptive-analytical examination of the issue shows that Iran is facing challenges in three sectors. These challenges are the security of supply, demand and transit, but the most important among these three is the security of demand. In the direction of maintaining demand and diversification of it, the suitable solution is the increase in attraction of foreign investment and transfer of technical know-how, readiness to increase supply in emergency situation when the demand suddenly increases and subsiding the international disputes in supply of natural gas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A Study of the Effective Geopolitical factors of Iraq and their Impact on National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Sayed Mostafa hashemi abdolreza farajirad rahim sarvarAbstract Geopolitical sphere of Iraq has integrative and disintegrative forces which act under certain circumstances. These forces are continuously in competition with each other. Iraq has undergone great upheavals in recent years and these developments have led to chan MoreAbstract Geopolitical sphere of Iraq has integrative and disintegrative forces which act under certain circumstances. These forces are continuously in competition with each other. Iraq has undergone great upheavals in recent years and these developments have led to change in power structure and identity. As a result there has been change in geopolitics and change in the approach of actors and regional players. Ethnic and religious groups, hydro politics, national identity and Arab identity, oil resources and the huge revenue coming from them and access to Persian Gulf have deep impact on Iraq developments. These factors have led to adoption of different geopolitical strategy. Depending on the conditions of Iraq, the type and the composition of government in power, Iran's national security will be affected and Iraq can becomes an enemy, strategic rival, strategic partner. The present article by examining political geography, interior space, history and geopolitical factors of Iraq, using a descriptive-analytical method deals with set of spatial, political and security compulsions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Syrian Crisis and Iran's National Security
حسین ربیعی جعفر نقدی سجاد نجفیAbstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can af MoreAbstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can affect the security of Iran. For years Syria has been the gateway for Iran’s presence in the Arab world. The weakening and fall of the position of President Bashar Assad would undermine Iran’s influence in the Arab world. Taking into consideration the above situation, the present article pursues the following objectives: 1. Explaining the strategic importance of Syria for Iran, 2. Explaining the impact of Syrian crisis on national security of Iran in different areas, 3. Explaining Iran’s competition with regional and extra- regional powers in Syria, 4. Explaining the security strategy of Iran vis-à-vis the Syrian crisis. The paper also examines this hypothesis that the national security of Iran will decline with the continuation of Syrian crisis by the threats of regional and extra-regional powers. The paper makes use of the theory of balance of threat to evaluate the hypothesis which can explain the threats to Iran in Syria. The methodology used in the paper is historical, descriptive and analytical. The finding of the study shows that the continuation of Syrian crisis has led to change of balance of threat against Iran and that is why Iran intervened to balance the situation. Therefore Iran’s strategy for ending the crisis in Syria is full-fledged support for Bashar Assad’s regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Impact of Oil Dependent Political Economy on Iran’s National Security
Seyed Shamseddin Sadeghi Masoud Akhavankazemi Vahid ZarafshanAbstract In the decentralized international system and the non-existence of central authority, the first objective and priority of states is safeguarding national security and preservation of their interests. Since olden times preservation of durable national security MoreAbstract In the decentralized international system and the non-existence of central authority, the first objective and priority of states is safeguarding national security and preservation of their interests. Since olden times preservation of durable national security was conditioned to preparedness in three fields: 1.Military preparedness 2.Political strength. 3. Economic strength. By the end of Cold War the economic determinant of national security found greater importance. During post-Cold War era, national security of the oil exporting countries depends on boom and flourishing of oil industry. In fact security is having five dimensions viz. military, economic, political, cultural and ecological. The present article addresses economic dimension of national security because achieving national security depends on improvement of economic conditions and the outcome of all security indexes depends on accomplishment of economic security. The obvious fact that the oil factor which Iran depends on its revenue for the past hundred years is interwoven greatly with Iran’s national security shows the importance of oil revenue. Also the economic growth of Iran and the bulk of investment in national projects depend on foreign exchange revenue coming from oil export. Any fluctuation in oil revenue will jeopardize the economic security of Iran particularly that in recent decade international sanctions has badly affected the flow of oil revenue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis
masoud kaveh yusof khanmohammadiThe effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisisIn this study, the impact of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis is investigated MoreThe effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisisIn this study, the impact of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis is investigated and emphasis is placed on the temporal realm of 2009-2017.The research method was qualitative and the data collection method was library and data analysis was done by descriptive-analytic method.The main question of the research is how the impact of foreign media on Iran's national security during 2009-2017?To this question, the hypothesis was designed that the foreign media had exposed national security to targeting popular values and beliefs as the most important components of identity.The findings of the study suggest that the Western media is causing an identity crisis by instilling values contrary to Islamic and revolutionary values At the individual, social and power levels, it has threatened Iran's national security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - A Comparative Assessment of US National Security Policy under Barack Obama and Donald Trump in Southwest Asia .
Hassan Esfandiairi ebrahim mottaghiObama believed that the mere and superficial pursuit of American interests in the past and the lack of attention to the internal situation of the countries in this region has led to popular dissatisfaction in these countries; This is a potential threat to US long-term g MoreObama believed that the mere and superficial pursuit of American interests in the past and the lack of attention to the internal situation of the countries in this region has led to popular dissatisfaction in these countries; This is a potential threat to US long-term goals in the region. comes. Assessing US national security policy and the pattern of US strategic action will also require recognizing the perceptual differences of presidents. Comparative US security policy requires recognition of the national security document, the four-year defense document, State Department documents, and analytical formats published in the field of US security policy. In addition to the Presidential National Security Document, which is published in turn, there are various indications of the security models and processes available to the State Department, the Department of Defense, and strategic agencies. The US Department of Defense has been publishing the US defense strategy for four years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparisons of US national security policy during the time of Barack Obama and Donald Trump in Southwest Asia. The research method was qualitative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Study of expanding technological and knowledge-based activities on fortifying the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (with emphasising on water and agricultural inputs )
Ali Ansari mohammad ali basiri payam najafiThe issue of agriculture in Iran, especially in recent years, has been linked to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the influence of issues such as international sanctions, successive droughts, transgenics, mismanagement and the like.This study MoreThe issue of agriculture in Iran, especially in recent years, has been linked to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the influence of issues such as international sanctions, successive droughts, transgenics, mismanagement and the like.This study examines national security based on the theories of the Copenhagen School and the theory of resistance economics. The research method is a cross-sectional survey method with two purposes of description and explanation. The study population is the managers and experts of knowledge-based and technology companies in the field. The sample size was selected according to Cochran's formula of 384 people. The measurement tools in this research included a researcher-made questionnaire to measure the formation of research variables.The results of the hypotheses showed that eliminating the security consequences of the water crisis in Iran by relying on the expansion of technological and knowledge-based activities will improve the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Also, self-sufficiency in agriculture and increasing the coefficient of food security by relying on the expansion of technological and knowledge-based activities will improve the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Security strategies of the United States of America regarding China and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)
hossein mozneb Mohammadreza Ghaedi reza simberThe impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, es MoreThe impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, especially the United States. This research seeks to answer the question, what effect has the security strategy of the United States of America regarding China had on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)? In response to the proposed hypothesis that "according to the strategic security threats of the United States against China, this country has been looking for new alliances between important regional players, which has led to a strategic alliance between China and Iran". After examining the sources of the first category (economic and security strategies) with a descriptive-analytical method, the results showed: the national security strategy of the United States of America, from 2001 to 2021, has always mentioned China and Iran as an international threat, to The way that China's role is more pronounced and Iran's role in the next stages are in these strategies. According to Stephen Walt, when two or more states face an imminent common threat,... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The effect of virtual social networks on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (a case study: Telegram channel of Amadanews)
Sayyed Saeid Safavi Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani akbar ashrafi Mohammad tohidfamSocial networks, for various reasons, greatly affect the internal dimension of national security.This research seeks to know the impact of one of these networks, that is, Amadyaoz, on national security, which analyzes the data obtained from field research (interviews) i MoreSocial networks, for various reasons, greatly affect the internal dimension of national security.This research seeks to know the impact of one of these networks, that is, Amadyaoz, on national security, which analyzes the data obtained from field research (interviews) in the field of AmadyaozTelegramnetwork with a qualitative method.raising the question that social networks, here In a specific way,what effects has the Amadanews telegram channel had on the internal dimension of the national security of the Islamic Republic during its activity?The findings show that, in the national dimension, Amadyaoz by"directing and deviating public opinion"and"creating duality" and at the"individual level"in two dimensions by encouraging"civil disobedience"and individual departure against the system under the influence of this network's inductions.At the level of the government structure, mechanisms such as "destroying the internal and regional power of the system","creating erosion and costing the system"separation of the people, the system and the revolution" and "inducing corruption in all the elements of the system"are widely used to hit the It uses the existence of the Islamic Republic and inthis way, it challenges the national authority and by intensifying the differences and insecurity, it clearly has a negative and destructive effect on the national security in the internal dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The New Defense Diplomacy of United Kingdom and its Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran National Security
Seyed Ahmad Mirzaie Kazem Gharib Abadi Mohammad Hadi RezaienAbstract: According to United Kingdom’s defense ministry international defense engagement strategy document 2013, this country intends to make use of soft power potentials in field of defense diplomacy for achieving national interests and objectives. This program MoreAbstract: According to United Kingdom’s defense ministry international defense engagement strategy document 2013, this country intends to make use of soft power potentials in field of defense diplomacy for achieving national interests and objectives. This program includes the participation of defense ministry in election process, formation of legislative assemblies, forming the structure of governments and judiciary in countries where they are passing through transition to democracy. It also includes defense cooperation in cyber, cultural and educational fields. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method examines the content of this new defense diplomacy and its negative implications for Iran. The underlying hypothesis of the article is that the United Kingdom wants to strengthen its presence and influence in the Middle East particularly in security zones surrounding Iran and this strategy is a threat to Iran’s national security. The article after analyzing 2013 document and its strategies and policies has come to a conclusion that the defense strategy of the United Kingdom is a serious threat to national security of Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Nuclear Proliferation and its Repercussions on Eurasia
Ali Asghar Kazemi Masoud GodarziAfter the end of the Cold War, a new situation came into existence from the viewpoint of proliferation of nuclear materials, equipment and technical know-how. Till that time the nuclear weapons were in the hands of limited powers. With the end of the Cold War the Soviet MoreAfter the end of the Cold War, a new situation came into existence from the viewpoint of proliferation of nuclear materials, equipment and technical know-how. Till that time the nuclear weapons were in the hands of limited powers. With the end of the Cold War the Soviet Union lost control and supervision on nuclear installations. As a result the possibility of access of governments and non-government actors to nuclear materials and technical know-how increased. The nuclear tests by India, Pakistan and North Korea created new condition from the viewpoint of proliferation in international relations. Meanwhile the countries who possessed nuclear weapons took several measures to fight nuclear proliferation but these activities were within their own interest and they want to prevent other countries to enter the iron club of nuclear powers. Within this framework of policy of limiting other countries access to nuclear weapons one can practically notice that countries like India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel could have access to nuclear weapon. The paper wants to examine that what consequences nuclear proliferation in Asia and Europe (Russia) will be having for this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Economic and Military Take off of China and its Security Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran
محمدعلی بصیری معصومه رشیدAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran a MoreAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran and Syrian crisis both the countries have had similar stand. What will be the security consequences of the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States for Islamic Republic of Iran? The present article wants to examine the consequences of this event within the framework of Barry Buzan security approach. The Underlying assumption is; that after the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States the international system undergoes change and the United States no longer be able to dominate or put pressure on Iran or jeopardize Iran's security. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical and collection of data is library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Impact of Ethnic Inequality on National Security
Jaafar HezarJeribi Nader MorovatiBy ethnic problem one means a situation where all the ethnic groups or sections of country’s ethnic group in their tendency towards nation-state and their feeling about belonging to that state have become different or against it, instead they emphasize on their ow MoreBy ethnic problem one means a situation where all the ethnic groups or sections of country’s ethnic group in their tendency towards nation-state and their feeling about belonging to that state have become different or against it, instead they emphasize on their own peculiarity and wish certain degree of disintegration. In many occasions the national nationalism and ethnical nationalism conflict with each other. The present article wants to study the impact of ethnic inequalities on national security. Two province of Isfahan and Kurdistan have been selected as the representatives of different ethnic groups. For collection of data library materials (documentary) and secondary analysis have been used. For comparison of the inequality between the two provinces economic and social indexes have been used. Also for examining the variable of national security and its condition in these two understudy provinces, data have been taken from a study which was conducted in Summer 1381/2002 by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance under the name of “value and attitudes of Iranians”. Eventually the following findings have been concluded. From the view point economic and social indexes Kurdistan is placing at a lower level than Isfahan Province. As regards to the variable for evaluating national security, the distinction and differences between the views and opinion of citizens of Isfahan Province and citizens of Kurdistan Province are quite tangible. This large difference on variable of national security between the two (which represent two ethnic groups) can lead to problems for national unity and lowering the national security index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Place of Lebanon Hezbollah in Deterrence Strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran
Alireza Golshani Mohsen BagheriThe aim of the present article is recognition and analysis of the palace of Hezbollah of Lebanon in deterrence strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran. The activities of Hezbollah of Lebanon adjacent to the Israeli borders (Israel as the main source of threat against the I MoreThe aim of the present article is recognition and analysis of the palace of Hezbollah of Lebanon in deterrence strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran. The activities of Hezbollah of Lebanon adjacent to the Israeli borders (Israel as the main source of threat against the Islamic Republic of Iran) while gives special importance to this movement it boosts the deterrence potential of Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of the present article is what the impact of Islamic Republic of Iran support for the Lebanon Hezbollah is on deterrence potential of Iran? The underlying hypothesis is that the support of Islamic Republic of Iran for the Lebanon Hezbollah increases the deterrence power of Iran. For understanding the above hypothesis by descriptive-analytical method, variables like increasing the strategic depth of Iran, defeating the Israel deterrence and reducing military security factor and reducing the possibility of military attack on Iran are discussed. The finding of the study shows that the support of Islamic Republic of Iran for Hezbollah of Lebanon in the direction of containing Israel on the one side has led to defeat of Israel deterrence and the reduction of national security of that country. On the other hand it has added to depth of strategic for Islamic Republic of Iran and reducing the risk of possible military attack against Iran. This condition in the long run leads to increasing indirect regional deterrence power and national security of Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Iraqi Federalism and Iran’s National Security; Opportunities and Challenges
Mehdi Dehnavi Hossein TajabadiAbstract The US led coalition forces attack to Iraq on the pretext of WMD has turned this country's events into one of the main topics discussed by the experts in political and international issues. Based on the new Iraqi constitution, which was approved by Parliament MoreAbstract The US led coalition forces attack to Iraq on the pretext of WMD has turned this country's events into one of the main topics discussed by the experts in political and international issues. Based on the new Iraqi constitution, which was approved by Parliament and the majority of Iraqi people, the government was established as 'democratic, federal parliamentary republic'. This paper tries to answer the following question: what is the impact of the federal system in Iraq on Iran's national security? To answer this question, authors have used descriptive-analytical method . Compared to Iraq’s thereat, as a unitary state, for Iran’s national security (as was the case of the last Iran- Iraq war) or as a distorted country which paves the way for inference of trans regional powers in opposition to Iran’s national interests, it seems that the new Iraq federal system regardless of some challenges that may cause for neighbors including Iran, can be the best model for national security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Place of Public Diplomacy in new Competitions between the US and Russian Federation (Reproduction of cold war in public diplomacy sphere)
Abbasgholi AsgarianAbstract: Public diplomacy is the main tool of soft power. This fact was an accepted fact since long time back but in recent years it has vividly shown itself in the performance of many countries. The United States and Russia are two strong countries who have the prece MoreAbstract: Public diplomacy is the main tool of soft power. This fact was an accepted fact since long time back but in recent years it has vividly shown itself in the performance of many countries. The United States and Russia are two strong countries who have the precedence of competition. Russia in recent years due to military and economic weakness cannot match her rival i.e. the United States and is investing more on public diplomacy but on this sphere also she is lagging behind despite that she has a good political and cultural potential. The present article wants to answer this question that what is the place of public diplomacy in the foreign policies of both the countries and in what fields they make use of it? The underlying hypothesis is that both the countries acknowledge the importance of public diplomacy in modern world but despite attempt made by Russia in recent years, she has not been successful in achieving its goals in the field of public diplomacy. One of the important obstacles in the way of promoting public diplomacy is the rigid and inflexible mentality of the Russian leaders. On the other hand the United States as one of the important actors in international system makes use of different tools to communicate her message to the peoples of the world and she has been more successful in this regard. The present article has examined the above issue by descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Economic Indexes and National Security of Iran
Zarir Negintaji Homan Hosseini Azin KianiWith the end of the Cold War and the advent of question of globalization in the political economy system of the world the soft source of security policies found its special place despite the continuation of the importance of hard aspect of security. This means the satis MoreWith the end of the Cold War and the advent of question of globalization in the political economy system of the world the soft source of security policies found its special place despite the continuation of the importance of hard aspect of security. This means the satisfaction, and internal, regional and global legitimacy of governments, progress and level of development, their share in producing world’s wealth and their role in international organizations and institutions are among the most important factors for maintaining national security in present era. In present situation the security finds its real meaning in its extensive scope. The economic problems and economic development have become the source of government’s power and strength and national security is conceptualizing in that direction. This means that security besides its military aspect have other important aspect like economic, ecological, cultural aspect as well. The present paper tries to look extensively to the issue of security and the economic aspect of security and the impact of economic indexes on the security of Islamic Republic of Iran are discussed in detail. For this reason the paper borrows Copenhagen school theory of security which has an extensive view about security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - A Reappraisal in Russia and America Relations
Fereshteh NasrollahiThe United States and Russia are two important actors in international system. The geography of their national interests is global and extra-regional; therefore, the quality of their relationship affects the security of international system. It can create security or ca MoreThe United States and Russia are two important actors in international system. The geography of their national interests is global and extra-regional; therefore, the quality of their relationship affects the security of international system. It can create security or can cause insecurity in international system. After the disintegration of Soviet Union there has been more interaction between them but in recent years the relations between the two have been strained. The relations between Russia and the United States entered a new phase after disintegration of the Soviet Union. The occurrence of terrorist events on 11 September 2001 took their relations towards cooperation. During the invasion and occupation of Iraq, their relations became cool but after the occupation the relations improved. The financial assistance of the United States to Russia, acceptance of Russia in Group Seven industrial countries and the change of the said group into eight, supporting the Russia in countering Chechnya secessionism, the increase in the level of trade exchange are among the cooperative measures by the United States towards Russia. On the other hand Russia’s support for the United States’ actions against Taliban, non-opposition to exercises, maneuvers and military cooperation with Central Asian countries, agreeing with the United States resolution pertaining to Iraq, presented in Security Council after the occupation of that country, relative coordination on question of nuclear case of Iran, are among the important measures by Russia for having closer relations with the United States. The purpose of the present article to study the relations of the United States with Russia, especially recent measures by the United States in Eastern Europe which has led to strained relations between the two. The question raised by the paper is what particular behavior of the United States caused resentment and threat to Russia and what reaction Russia have had to them? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Role of the Europeans in the Midst of the US-Iran Crisis in January 2020: the Dilemma of being a Normative Power in an Amoral World
سزار کاستیا سمانه کچوئیAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to confli MoreAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to conflict resolution, international understanding, and the defence of its Interests, such as the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020. This research will answer the following question: What were the failures of the EU's foreign policy in the middle of the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020? This paper aims to determine the shortcoming of the EU foreign policy affecting its role as a Global Power during the US-Iran crisis in January 2020. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Third Millennium US Military Strategies in the Persian Gulf Region and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali Asghar Ghafari Charati Hassan Khodaverdi گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی -
Open Access Article
60 - International Security, Covid Crisis, Copenhagen Security Theory, Extended Security, Post-Covid
Hassan Yousefi Jahangir Karami -
Open Access Article
61 - Iran and Canada Relations Main Obstacles and Bilateral Perspectives
Majid Bozorgmehri Sonaz Nasiri -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigating the Effects of the Israeli Nation-state-building Process on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran; and Reactions to these Effects
Mohammad Reza Tayarani Sharbaf Jalal Derakhsheh Seyed Abdolamir Nabavi Fakhreddin Soltani -
Open Access Article
63 - Modern Communication Technology and National Security In the Middle East
Ibrahim Anoosheh -
Open Access Article
64 - Pathology of the New Cyber Terrorism Threat to Iran's National Security
Reza Solgi حسن خداوردی Zohreh Poustinchi -
Open Access Article
65 - A Comparative Study of Humanitarian law and Human Rights in Creating International Peace and Security
Alireza Mohammad Rezaei Maryam Moradi Abu Mohammad Asgarkhani -
Open Access Article
66 - National Security Law as the New Basic Law of Hong Kong
سید رضا حسینی -
Open Access Article
67 - Nigeria Government Perception on Boko Haram and Search for National Security
Shehu Enoch Amila -
Open Access Article
68 - Opportunities of Virtual Social Networks for Critical Infrastructure of National Security (From the Point of View of Political and Virtual Media Experts)
Marjan Karami گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی محمد توحیدفامVirtual space and the associated social networks, like many other emerging phenomena, have both positive and negative consequences in various aspects of life. The undeniable impact of this space is particularly significant in the national security of countries, as it ca MoreVirtual space and the associated social networks, like many other emerging phenomena, have both positive and negative consequences in various aspects of life. The undeniable impact of this space is particularly significant in the national security of countries, as it can create numerous opportunities for national security along with the changes and developments it brings about. This research aims to identify the opportunities that social networks create for the infrastructure of national security. Data were collected through grounded theory and in-depth interviews with 16 experts in the fields of politics and virtual space. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding methods, employing the Strauss and Corbin approach. The research results indicate that virtual social networks can provide unique opportunities for national security by strengthening the infrastructures of social, political, cultural, economic, and environmental security. The research results are presented in the form of a paradigm model of opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Futurology of Territorial Legal Challenges of Ethnicity in Relation to the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hossein Torki Mohammad Ali Khosravi Ali Ghorban PoorOccasional challenges ethnicities, especially in the southern regions, especially in the Arab regions of Khuzestan province, require that more attention be paid to the issues and developments in this region and their effects on national security be measured. Accordingly MoreOccasional challenges ethnicities, especially in the southern regions, especially in the Arab regions of Khuzestan province, require that more attention be paid to the issues and developments in this region and their effects on national security be measured. Accordingly, in order to predict the security situation in the country in the coming years, it seems absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation and ethnic challenges. This research is applied in terms of nature and purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and due to the futuristic nature of the research, it is also exploratory. In the present study, environmental monitoring method was used to identify key variables and form questionnaire items. The statistical population of the study is in the form of a panel of experts according to the futures research approach. The key variables of this research were identified by cross-matrix method using Mick Mac software. Wizard scenario software was used to identify possible scenarios. Findings from this study showed seven variables: huge oil and gas reserves, underdevelopment, Saudi and UAE support for the opposition, the eight-year imposed war, Wahhabi current activity, the presence of dust and regional rivalries as key variables extracted from Mick Mac software is one of the most challenging factors in the future of Arab nationalism in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results show that 6 challenging scenarios with high compatibility and score are ahead of the future of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The position of environmental security concept in international and global security
Seyed Amin Habibi Daydokht Sadeghi Haghighi Kayhan BarzegarThe crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global secu MoreThe crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global security versus international security. each of the two concepts of international and global security have a different attitude towards the issue of the environment. Differences in identifying the type of security issues, diversity in security elements, differences in attitude towards threat and anti-threat factors. It is possible to explain more practical why and how these distinctions are made in international security with the help of rationalist approach and liberalism theories, as well as in global security with the help of normative approach and constructive theory. diversity in decision-making and adoption of strategies in global politics regarding the climate-changes, caused by the distinction in the position of environmental security in each of the two macro-security approaches in international relations. This research aims to achieve a practical definition of each of these concepts by explaining the semantic boundaries of international and global security with environmental security, international and global to formulate the concept of environmental security, so that he can answer his main question: what is the position of environmental security in international and global security? Answered, and to prove his hypothesis based on the ontological connection of global security with environmental security and the marginality of environmental security in security issues in international security, pay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - China-Russia Strategic Alliance against US Unilateralism and its Impact on Iran's National Security 2009-2021
Tahereh Nezafati Garineh Keshishyan SirakiAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and chall MoreAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and challenge America in the position of great power. This competitive process has also affected the national security of other countries. The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the alliance between Russia and China against the unilateralism of the United States on Iran's national security. The main question is, what effect did the alliance between Russia and China have on Iran's national security in 2009-2021 against the unilateralism of the United States? It seems that the strategic alliance of China and Russia based on competition and curbing the hegemony of US has had effects in the direction of strengthening and weakening the national security of Iran. The results show that the alliance between China and Russia against the United States affects Iran's national security in the political dimension Iran's emphasis on the role of the United Nations, Iran's membership in the Shanghai Organization, seeking new horizons in BRICS in the military dimension countering Western sanctions and promoting military cooperation with China and Russia in the economic dimension enhancement of economic cooperation, purchase of Iranian oil and gas and Iran's pivotal capability in China's Silk Road project and in the environmental dimension of the cooperation of the two sides with Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Law Abiding and National Security in Political Thought of Imam Khomeini
Akbar Ashrafi Hamidreza DavoodiAbstract Man In addition to the right of life has other rights such as the right of freedom. According to this right man is free from Non-God. Freedom right is the gift of all heavenly religions and all the divine religions. Yet it is accepted this issue that human soci MoreAbstract Man In addition to the right of life has other rights such as the right of freedom. According to this right man is free from Non-God. Freedom right is the gift of all heavenly religions and all the divine religions. Yet it is accepted this issue that human societies without law and order cannot remain stable. The existence of law is an impossible necessity, although lead to confine man freedom and limitation of his action circle. Human society never graduated from the law and its related issues. Even in the most primitive human societies. Violated to law, including issues that always engaged the minds of scholars and community leaders. Depended on the progress of human societies from primitivism civilization toward modernity gradually evolved thinking of law and each of these communities in terms of government benefited these concepts to creating and expanding order in community and their domestic and foreign stability. Imam Khomeini as the founder of one of the governmental model of contemporary period at his all political and intellectual life insisted on the law abiding and in his statements have always stressed on law abiding and the necessity of law abiding to legal requirements. Imam views on security has two features which completely separated from each other: on the one hand idealistic aspects of security for the Islamic world and world Muslim was important to the Imam and on the other hand maintaining Islamic Republic of Iran considered as the acts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Methods of Russia’s Encounter with Nato’s Development to the East
Mohammadjavad Haghshenas Amin BavirAbstract After collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the East Europe countries were one of the problems that become as a trouble for Western European countries and America and at that time these countries (East Europe) were a membership of verso treaty. For these coun MoreAbstract After collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the East Europe countries were one of the problems that become as a trouble for Western European countries and America and at that time these countries (East Europe) were a membership of verso treaty. For these countries, it was necessary to delivered them to join the Western European during a long- term program, so that they cannot be leagued once more with Russia on any conditions in the future .So the development of Nato to the East is pursued at that time. Nato’s development to the East is unnecessary by Russia and knows it as a treaty for his national security. These two developments are into opposition to each other for more than two centuries, but the scale of policy is in far out of Westerners, because up to now , nine countries of Eastern Europe and three countries that become as an organ of Nato and were a part of Soviet territory (Litvani , Letoni , Estonia) for a time . This paper attempts to explore that the styles of Russia’s cooperation with Nato’s development to the East , and also studding the possible method’s between Russia and Nato. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - American military invasion of Iraq and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad SohrabiAbstract: America's invasion and occupation of Iraq in March 2003 that led to the fall of the Baathist regime was the beginning of a new era in relations between Iran and Iraq. The collapse of Saddam's regime, created a unique opportunity for the Islamic Republic to exp MoreAbstract: America's invasion and occupation of Iraq in March 2003 that led to the fall of the Baathist regime was the beginning of a new era in relations between Iran and Iraq. The collapse of Saddam's regime, created a unique opportunity for the Islamic Republic to expand political and cultural power in Iraq. Although this occupation weaken Iraq and the elimination of direct threats of serious national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but the continued presence of trans-regional powers, internal instability in Iraq, the uncertain future of northern Iraq and increasing regional role of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and other countries. region and more important than all this continued bumpy device foreign policy we compared to other regional competitors, threats to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran increased so as to increase the role of regional, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Israel the recent military alliance between the two countries, Israel has allowed itself in terms of geography Close to Iran and the presence in northern Iraq to counter Iran closer to your goals. In this paper, factors and elements affecting national security after the occupation of Iraq has been analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Soft Powerand Its Position inthe Islamic Republicof Iran'sRegional Security
Mohammadali Khosravi SeyedNurollah MirashrafiSoft power is one of the main indicators of foreign and security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Every revolutionary political system is always using the indicators of Soft power for their promotion in regional and international position. What is the Islamic a MoreSoft power is one of the main indicators of foreign and security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Every revolutionary political system is always using the indicators of Soft power for their promotion in regional and international position. What is the Islamic awakening in the Muslim world is gay identity from ideology and can be part of the Islamic Republic's soft power in the form of neo-liberal approach and reflected its links with the Constructivism values. Structural design is a simplistic approach to the use of soft power in Iran's foreign policy ideas has a further assimilation. The indicators and symptoms can be associated with a meaning -oriented approach to the issue of power, xenophobia and denial of whiskers on foreign policy, freedom of action and activism in international politics, activism cooperation based on equality and identity of the foreign policy interest of the contract. Thus components such as pragmatism and xenophobia in Iran's foreign policy can be seen as signs of the use of soft power. Islamic Republic of Iran to take advantage of soft power in the Islamic world and given a new identity by offering the doctrine of religious democracy in regional and trans-regional countries and Islam tends to intensify in the world, especially in the Middle East and Africa. In light of soft power in the Islamic Republic, this considered as a key factor in the creation of regional and international tensions and interactions and fertile fields for independent countries toward America and to promote the role of liberation movements as new actors in the international system. The anti- Zionism on the Islamic perspective and ideological struggle of the Palestinian people, and to fight against Israeli regime is the main priorities of Iran's foreign policy in recent years. Other priorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is in the form of soft power means a comprehensive fight against terrorism, ultramodern and the current climate of colonial domination in the form of multiple partnerships Independent and non-aligned countries of the world, particularly in Islamic countries, these priorities will achieve by strengthening multilateralism versus unilateralism experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - America's Strategy in Afghanistan and Its Impact on National Security of Iran
Mohammad Tohidfam Farhad PaydarAbstract Iran is an important country in the Middle East.The strategic importance of the Hormuz Strait, the Persian Gulf South littoral states, neighboring Pakistan, and Iraq, and most importantly, having a long border with Afghanistan, including the factors that will MoreAbstract Iran is an important country in the Middle East.The strategic importance of the Hormuz Strait, the Persian Gulf South littoral states, neighboring Pakistan, and Iraq, and most importantly, having a long border with Afghanistan, including the factors that will affect America's strategy.On the other hand, the issue of terrorism, narcotics, and other factors, make the relationship between the two countries more important and any of action of America in the neighboring countries of Iran, notably in Afghanistan, has impact on Iran's national security. After 9/11, the war on the terror has led to a convergence of many countries with America.There are important issues in the region that influence on the United States long-term policy.Demographics of Iran and Afghanistan, in addition to a major share of these countries in the global economy and alsonuclearization of the region (which Iran has recently joined it) are all the reasons that has led to handling the strategic depth in Afghanistan and Iran by the United States and thereby influence on the political, economic and military equations of the world. Interaction or conflict with the rival powers could significantly impact on America foreign policy.This is the best opportunity for the United States to pursue its long-term interests by its presence in this strategic regionand by combating the roots of terrorism and drug trafficking in order to implementation of the Greater Middle East Plan and democratization of the region realize the dream of world government of liberal democracy. This paper reviews and analyzes the America's strategy in Afghanistan and its impact on national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Constructivist Understanding ofInternational Terrorism
رضا سیمبر رضا رحم دل مهسا فلاح Abstract Structure for understanding the behaviour of terrorist groups, including al Qaeda, which combines the analytical approach and methodology in the field of spiritual and material factors are also areas provides an opportunity to delve deeper study o More Abstract Structure for understanding the behaviour of terrorist groups, including al Qaeda, which combines the analytical approach and methodology in the field of spiritual and material factors are also areas provides an opportunity to delve deeper study of violent behaviour down the group. Hence, the identity structures - mentality, these groups were assessed and the physical structures noted. Post-ideological world, the security of the international system and its arrangements and the formation of groups in modern structures will discuss and evaluate. In this regard, structure based on domination and illegitimate governments in shaping the Islamic Extremist and sectarian groups involved were plentiful. This paper attempts to study al-Qaeda and similar groups from a new perspective and a new approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Analysis of the content of the national security strategy of the United States of America towards the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)
Hossein Mozneb Mohammad Reza Ghaedi Reza SimberAfter World War II, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America has always claimed supremacy in the international system and has explained its foreign policies based on the national security strategy in every presidential term. On the MoreAfter World War II, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America has always claimed supremacy in the international system and has explained its foreign policies based on the national security strategy in every presidential term. On the other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a regional superpower, has been able to create a new form of regional order with its material and spiritual influence in West Asian countries. The conflict between the interests of the United States and Iran raises the question that the national security strategies of the United States of America during the years 2001-2021 have become in practice what strategies have they turned into in relation to Iran? In response to the proposed hypothesis, "The United States of America, by adopting its aggressive national security strategies towards Iran, is seeking to limit Iran's interests in the international system so that it can increase its interests and finally become the supreme hegemon in The international system should be transformed." After examining the sources of the first category indicators (economic and security strategies) with the method of integrated content analysis (quantitative and qualitative), the results showed: America initially follows the policy of changing Iran's behavior and containment, and then the policy of engagement and pressure And finally, it turned into containment and behavior change, and in order to implement these strategies during this period, it has imposed more and more diverse sanctions against Iran every year Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - National Security of Israel and Strategy of Military Threat against Iran
Morteza Mahmoodi1Israel is one of the most serious threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since 1990 Israeli authorities have repeatedly announced that if Iran reach nuclear bomb and complete Bushehr nuclear plant, they will attack it. Iran's discourse after Islamic Republic revo MoreIsrael is one of the most serious threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since 1990 Israeli authorities have repeatedly announced that if Iran reach nuclear bomb and complete Bushehr nuclear plant, they will attack it. Iran's discourse after Islamic Republic revolution have been deeply affected by cultural – religious factors, Independence and rejection of the hegemonic discourse, the discourse of Islamism and ethnic supremacy negation, the unity of the Islamic Forum and supportive discourses towards Palestinians and the elimination of Israel and the rejection of all foreign forces from the region which are caused by this issue. On the other side Israelis have announced their animosity towards Iran. Based on current discourse in Israel, Israeli authorities have said these reasons as their animosity towards Iran: Iran's support from Palestinian groups who are against Israel, Iran's opposition for Middle East peace process, Iran's reach to nuclear weapon. But from the evidence it can be seen that the main factor is nuclear weapon. Israeli authorities are worried about radical Islamism and nuclear weapon. The main cause of military threat of Israel towards Islamic Republic of Iran is ideological which should be said is forever. The main question of this research is that what is the main reason of military threat of Israel towards Iran? the hypothesis that answers this question is that the most important reason for Israel to threaten Iran is identity and fearing Iran to be nuclear and breaking its monopoly, increasing Iran's power and isolation of Israel in the region. Based on this, with securitization of Iran's issue and magnifying its threat on others minds Israel tries to use all the instruments again Islamic Republic of Iran, while Iran is pursuing peaceful nuclear energy for research and development. In this article we from Copenhagen School of thought the subject are examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The effect and confrontation of virtual social networks on the dimensions of national security of the discourse of the Islamic revolution (case study: Telegram channel of Amadanews)
Sayyed Saeid Safavi Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani Mohammad TohidfamThe Islamic Revolution, as a discourse, has always been subject to various discourse conflicts that are carried out by competing and hostile discourses. In this research, one of the most important issues in this field, that is, national security, is considered in the di MoreThe Islamic Revolution, as a discourse, has always been subject to various discourse conflicts that are carried out by competing and hostile discourses. In this research, one of the most important issues in this field, that is, national security, is considered in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, and the effects of social networks on it have been investigated. In this research, Amad News Telegram channel has been investigated and analyzed using qualitative method and data obtained from field research (interview). The main question of this research is that what effects did this channel have on the internal dimension of national security of the Islamic Revolution during its activity?The findings show that, in the national dimension, Amadyaoz by "directing and deviating public opinion" and "creating duality" and at the "individual level" in two dimensions by encouraging "civil disobedience"&"individual departure against the system under the influence of this network's inductions". At the level of the government structure, mechanisms such as"destroying the internal and regional power of the system","creating erosion and costing the system","separation of the people, the system and the revolution"&"inducing corruption in all the elements of the system" are widely used to confront the discourse.The Islamic Revolution is used and in this way, it has faced a challenge to the national security and by intensifying the differences and insecurity, it has clearly had a negative and destructive effect on the national security in the internal dimension, and in general, it calls into question the whole discourse of the Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Iran's role in the process of state-building in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security
سید حسن قریشی کرین ناصر مولایی عارف بیژنAfghanistan socially textured mosaic of ethnic, sectarian groups are numerous. The triple nature of political and Iraq, has the potential areas of tension and disintegration in itself. Internal developments in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban and the presence of MoreAfghanistan socially textured mosaic of ethnic, sectarian groups are numerous. The triple nature of political and Iraq, has the potential areas of tension and disintegration in itself. Internal developments in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban and the presence of trans-regional states in the country's developments and considerations to the interests of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Iran linked. Accordingly, any success or failure in advancing the process of nation-building in the country, requires attention to the threat posed by the Islamic Republic of Iran's National Security developments that may in the future be faced with certain risks. Therefore, to follow the developments related to restructuring and brokers in Afghanistan and gradual formation of a new political system, Afghanistan has intensified the process of transformation of the environment and the multiple effects at all levels (local, regional and international) and fields (soft and hard) is created. This article seeks to identify the role of Iran in the process of nation-building in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security and the provision of appropriate strategies in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Investigation of Hirmand Hydropolytic Effect on National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
farhad gorgij ziya khazaeiThe fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consu MoreThe fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consumption of water in various fields have led to the emergence of sensitive conditions. Which many economists from the 21st century called the Hydropolitan Century. Therefore, in the relations of political units in areas where rainfall is low, water will create future tensions. The purpose of this research is descriptive-analytical study of the effect of hydro-polytechnic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. We seek to answer this question. What impact of the hydropolitic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It seems that Hirmand hydro-politics in various aspects of political, military, economic, cultural and especially environmental affects the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and cooperation in the Hirmand joint area requires attention to the approach to environmental security and the search for solutions for joint cooperation Within the framework of this approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Continuing US-led NATO influence in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security
mehrdad khademi amir hoshang mirkoshesh ahmad ashrafiAbstract: The NATO as the military-political and security alliance,after 11 Sep.attacks, is trying to manage the geostrategic and geopolitical challenages in the Afghanistan( in the Middle East ). Based on this idea, the NATO is to adjust and developed.They believed, t MoreAbstract: The NATO as the military-political and security alliance,after 11 Sep.attacks, is trying to manage the geostrategic and geopolitical challenages in the Afghanistan( in the Middle East ). Based on this idea, the NATO is to adjust and developed.They believed, the US hegemony from the middle of past century till now,is what is the impact of economic and political and security of NATO alliance.The United States during the hegemonic period consider crises as the influence opportunities is to lead to stability of hegemony. In fact the dominant or the hegemony role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is to formulates ,implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests.The paper based on explanation-analytic method and the stability hegemony throry.Based on this idea,the present article attemt to analyze the role of the United States and NATO in Afghanistan and of its impactions on Iran. In fact the dominant or the hegemony role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is to formulates ,implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests.The paper based on explanation-analytic method and the stability hegemony throry.Based on this idea,the present article attemt to analyze the role of the United States and NATO in Afghanistan and of its impactions on Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - View on human right evolution and its effects on national sovereignty of countries
meysam اسلام پناه seyed baqer Mirabbasi ابومحمد عسگرخانی مریم مرادیView on human right evolution and its effects on national sovereignty of countries Abstract In today's age, human right issue has been considered as effective issue in international arena so that we have observed international evolution and challenges resulting from h MoreView on human right evolution and its effects on national sovereignty of countries Abstract In today's age, human right issue has been considered as effective issue in international arena so that we have observed international evolution and challenges resulting from human right issue on nationalsovereignty security of countries during past years. What is evident is activity of international institutions, especially United Nationsorganization,in different fields including human right has made sovereignty of governments more impressionable than before. So, it seems that other traditional perceptions of sovereignty concept are not acceptable in international law today. Because, such perceptions have lost their validity by international law evolutions and present evidences show that the principle of non-interfering in internal affairs of countries has been modified over time. This study has aimed to investigate conditional effects of human right on nationalsovereignty and security of countries. Also, relation between human right and national security of countries has been investigated and discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Comparison Between Iran & North Korea's Nuclear Program & The Manner of Meeting International Atomic Energy Agency & Security Regime NPT With Both Countries
Saeed Karimi kesheh Seyyed Abdolali Ghavam Alireza Moussavizadeh Mehdi Zakerian AmiriIn the last two decades, Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program has Become one of the most important global issues.The two countries Nuclear case has been one of the biggest security challenges the International community has ever faced.The common goal of the majo MoreIn the last two decades, Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program has Become one of the most important global issues.The two countries Nuclear case has been one of the biggest security challenges the International community has ever faced.The common goal of the major Powers against Iran and North Korea is to dismantle the nuclear Approach.But the strategies to achieve this goal are selective and Contradictory.At the same time,the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency is very crucial and complex.Given this,the main Question of this study is what is the IAEA’s performance is light of the Provisions of the NPT’s security regime vis-à-vis Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program? In seeking to find an appropriate answer to this question,the authors of This article,using “International Security Regime Theory”,have attempted to describe and explain the IAEA,s performance in relation to Its nuclear program despite Iranian cooperation and compliance.The NPT,s security regime and North Korea’s non cooperation with and exit From the regime have not been in line with the IAEA’s and NPT’s Statutes,and are highly discriminatory,with complexity influenced by the Economic and strategic influence and interests of major powers such as The us,china and Russia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The relationship of social networks and national order in the Islamic Republic of Iran
amirhossein ebrahimyazdi Mohammad Ali samiee seyed zakaria mahmoudi rajaThe simultaneous introduction of social networks in the governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran with events such as some irregularities and protests bring to mind that social networks in Iran are challenging order and stability. this research has tried to answer the MoreThe simultaneous introduction of social networks in the governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran with events such as some irregularities and protests bring to mind that social networks in Iran are challenging order and stability. this research has tried to answer the question, "What is the relationship between social networks and national order in the Islamic Republic of Iran?" For this purpose, a conceptual framework of the relationship of social networks with the national order was drawn and then examined from the point of view of the elites. In this research, the data collection is in the form of documents that have been analyzed in a semi-structured way through interviews with elites, and the results have been written in descriptive-analytical form. The hypothesis of this research was that social networks are the cause of disorder. This research clarifies that social networks do not have an independent factor in creating order or disorder, but the characteristics and functions of social networks cause the intensification, expansion and temporal continuation of systematic or disorder-based content. Therefore, social networks in the form of tools can have a positive and negative effect on the national order of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Drawing scenarios for the opportunities and threats of Arab ethnocentrism in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hossein Torki MohammadAli Khosravi Ali ghorbanpourNational security is the basic condition and, of course, the most important condition for the preservation, survival, progress and development of any country in all fields. In order to predict the security situation of the country in the coming years, it is absolutely n MoreNational security is the basic condition and, of course, the most important condition for the preservation, survival, progress and development of any country in all fields. In order to predict the security situation of the country in the coming years, it is absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation and ethnic challenges. The purpose of this study is to outline scenarios for the opportunities and threats of Arab ethnicity in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.This research is applied in terms of nature and purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and due to the futuristic nature of the research, it is also exploratory. For this purpose, the effective factors in the field of Arab ethnocentrism were identified using the method of environmental monitoring and reviewing specialized studies in this field and were provided to 15 experts in the form of a matrix questionnaire. The obtained variables were spectroscopically cross-sectionalized using Mick Mac software and analyzed using scenario wizard software while obtaining expert opinions, and finally possible and compatible scenarios were identified and extracted.The findings of this study showed that scenario number one is the strongest and most probable scenario obtained from Wizard scenario software. Condition means (reduction of fine dust) is the desired condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Identifying the drivers of Pan-Kurdism in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Reza Parsay Ali Mortazavian , Mohammad Rahim EyvaziBackground and Aim: The future is uncertain, and scenarios teach us to think about the unknown, to unravel today's cumbersome assumptions, and to be able to identify the discontinuities that may change our world. Accordingly, in order to predict the security situation o MoreBackground and Aim: The future is uncertain, and scenarios teach us to think about the unknown, to unravel today's cumbersome assumptions, and to be able to identify the discontinuities that may change our world. Accordingly, in order to predict the security situation of the country in the coming years and design appropriate security scenarios, it is absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation and ethnic challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers of pan-Kurdish ideology in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Method: This research is applied in terms of nature and purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. Its statistical population is in the form of a panel of experts according to the futures research approach. The drivers of this research were identified by cross-matrix method using Mick Mac software.Findings: The findings of this study showed seven variables: the involvement of foreign factors, the activities of Kurdish-language satellite networks, the development of virtual networks, underdevelopment, the substitution of Persian instead of the native language, regional competition and the effects of Iraqi Kurdistan. They were identified as key variables extracted from Mick Mac software in the form of three economic, political and cultural drivers.Conclusion: The results of this study also indicate that all seven variables identified by Mick Mac software are consistent with the realities and situation of pan-Kurdism in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Threats of cyber war and Iran's national security
Behrouz Nasiri ghasem torabi alireza rezaeiThe cyberspace is considered as the main source ofinformation.The need to pay attention tothe security of the cyberspace requires a special approach.There is no doubt that today the main infrastructures ofthe country, including economic,industrial, informational,securit MoreThe cyberspace is considered as the main source ofinformation.The need to pay attention tothe security of the cyberspace requires a special approach.There is no doubt that today the main infrastructures ofthe country, including economic,industrial, informational,security,etc.are located inthis space.Securityin this space will cause a seriousthreat tothe national security ofthe country.The upcoming wars will take place in virtual space.Virtual space has been named asthefifth battlefield after the sea,land,and airspace.Thecountry or several countries havebeen takenout ofthe hands ofthe governments ofthose countries,and themodern world stopped moving and dynamism within afew seconds and caused a disaster as disastrous as an atomic disaster.In acatastrophe,the basic condition is toknow the battle scene.First ofall, we need to know the cyberspace and the cyberspace correctly so that we can have the power ofmaneuver, war and defense inthat space.The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the cyberspace onthe national security ofthe Islamic Republic ofIran in various areas, especially the political-security areas.Also,discovering the weaknesses and shortcomings in the field of cyber security with regardto the threats in the virtual space is oneof theother objectives of thepresent research,which wants to answer the basic question ofhow cyber threats affect the security ofthe IslamicRepublic ofIran in an analytical-descriptive method.The findings ofthe research show that the republicIslamic Iran is one of the most important countries targeted by cyber attacks in various fields, and therefore,speeding up infrastructure equipment and investment in the field of countering cyberthreats is one of Iran's strategic approaches in this field, which is analyzedin more detail inthis research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The role of parliamentary diplomacy of the Islamic Council in securing the national interests of the Islamic Republic
sayadhosein hoseini Reza shirzadiWith the approach of making the most of the opportunities and reducing the harms, countries are taking steps towards drawing a road map of parliamentary diplomacy in accordance with their internal capacities and regional and global requirements. Parliamentary diplomacy MoreWith the approach of making the most of the opportunities and reducing the harms, countries are taking steps towards drawing a road map of parliamentary diplomacy in accordance with their internal capacities and regional and global requirements. Parliamentary diplomacy plays a significant role in the realization of foreign policy priorities through the synergy of intellectual and physical capacities. With the purpose of investigating this issue, the following question is raised: What are the most important tools and methods of parliament to ensure national interests and achieve foreign policy priorities?Using documentary and library methods, it was stated that parliamentary friendship groups and inter-parliamentary organizations are an efficient tool in parliamentary diplomacy, and the most important indicators of a successful parliamentary diplomacy and obstacles and gaps in the strategic management of parliamentary diplomacy to achieve national interests were investigated.The results show that the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a system based on religious democracy with precious parliamentary experience, is placed in an unstable security environment, and part of the offensive capabilities of the United States and the European Union is organized by focusing on national and regional parliamentary institutions, which is a necessity. Synergy of the diplomatic capacities of the Islamic Council with executive institutions related to the field of foreign policy-making and increasing the use of public and parliamentary diplomatic capacities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - 0The impact of the crimes committed in Myanmar on Iran's national security and the need to criminalize it according to the rules of jurisprudence
sajad rahmati جمال بیگی بابک پورقهرمانیNational security promotes the development of political, economic, social and cultural activities, and with its absence, all the aforementioned activities are overshadowed. One of the things that endangers the national security of Iran is the crimes committed in Myanmar MoreNational security promotes the development of political, economic, social and cultural activities, and with its absence, all the aforementioned activities are overshadowed. One of the things that endangers the national security of Iran is the crimes committed in Myanmar by the Myanmar government against its citizens. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures in order to ensure national security, and it seems that the criminalization of these crimes according to the rules of jurisprudence is a suitable solution for this purpose. Therefore, this article seeks to investigate how the crimes committed in Myanmar affect Iran's national security and the necessity of stoning those crimes according to the rules of jurisprudence. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and data collection is also in the form of data collection. The method of conducting the research was qualitative and the findings of the research indicate that with the killing of Muslims in Myanmar, a part of the allies of Muslims has been lost, which causes a decrease in the population and, as a result, the security of Muslims in the world, especially in Iran. With the killing of Muslims and the lack of sufficient international support to punish the dead, it will make Iran appear isolated and reduce national security, but according to the principle of no harm and no harm in Islam, the rule of negation of a Muslim's mustache and tail, no religion can be treated as a crime. As if it acted. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024