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Open Access Article
1 - Wābkanawī’s Calculations of the Annular Solar Eclipse of 30 Jan 1283 A.D./ 29 shawwāl 681 A. H.
سید محمد مظفریThe paper presents a critical review of the iterative process used byShams al-Dīn Muhammad al-Wābkanawī (Iran, Maragha, ca. 1260–1320) in order to compute the parameters of the annular solar eclipseof 30 January 1283 from the solar and lunar parameters obtained by MoreThe paper presents a critical review of the iterative process used byShams al-Dīn Muhammad al-Wābkanawī (Iran, Maragha, ca. 1260–1320) in order to compute the parameters of the annular solar eclipseof 30 January 1283 from the solar and lunar parameters obtained byMuhyī al-Dīn al-Maghribī (Maragha 1260–1274). Due to theimpossibility of the annular eclipse in the Ptolemaic tradition, theposition of this prediction in the context of medieval astronomy shallalso be shortly discussed. Furthermore, since Wābkanawī calls hisobservation as an evidence for the correctness of his prediction, thecomputed results have been compared with the true modern data,which established a remarkable agreement between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The complement of the 𝑀-intersection graph of ideals of a ring
Farideh HeydariLet 𝑅 be a commutative ring with identity and 𝑀 be a unitary 𝑅-module,and let 𝐼(𝑅)* be the set of all nontrivial ideals of 𝑅. The complement ofthe 𝑀-intersection graph of ideals of 𝑅, denoted by Γ𝑀(𝑅), is a graphwith the vertex set 𝐼(𝑅)* , and two dist MoreLet 𝑅 be a commutative ring with identity and 𝑀 be a unitary 𝑅-module,and let 𝐼(𝑅)* be the set of all nontrivial ideals of 𝑅. The complement ofthe 𝑀-intersection graph of ideals of 𝑅, denoted by Γ𝑀(𝑅), is a graphwith the vertex set 𝐼(𝑅)* , and two distinct vertices 𝐼 and 𝐽 are adjacentif and only if 𝐼𝑀∩𝐽𝑀={0}. In this paper, for every multiplication𝑅-module 𝑀, the diameter and the girth of Γ𝑀(𝑅) are determined. Also,we show that if 𝑚,𝑛>1 are two integers and ℤ𝑛 is a ℤ𝑚-module, thenthe complement of the ℤ𝑛-intersection graph of ideals of ℤ𝑚 is weakly perfect.` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Short-Term Effects of Mushroom Substrate Compost on Penetration Resistance, Aggregate Size Distribution and Their Stability in Soils with Different Textures
Chiman Mahdizadeh Hossein BayatBackground and objectives: Adding organic matter to the soil is an important method to solve the problem of compaction and consequently penetration resistance and fertility reduction. Mushroom substrate compost (MSC) has many properties that are required for growing org MoreBackground and objectives: Adding organic matter to the soil is an important method to solve the problem of compaction and consequently penetration resistance and fertility reduction. Mushroom substrate compost (MSC) has many properties that are required for growing organic crops and environmental management. Considering that the ingredients of mushroom substrate compost (including heavy soil, light soil, root soil, wheat straw and stubble, limestone and chicken manure) are different from other types of organic materials, it is necessary to carry out new research to investigate its effect on the physico-chemical properties of the soil. Although different textures behave differently but, the effect of MSC on the penetration resistance and aggregates size distribution in different soils, has not been studied, so far. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of MSC on the penetration resistance, mean weight diameter of aggregates, aggregates size distribution and organic matter content in three soil types. Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Factors consist Soil texture at three levels (sandy loam, loam and clay) was the first factor, and MSC at three levels (0, 3 and 6% W/W) was the second factor. After treatment of the soils, samples were then incubated for 120 days, and they were saturated and dried with urban water, regularly, once a month (saturated from above), during this period. At the end of the incubation period, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken by 5 cm in diameter and 4.5 cm in height steal cylinders. The penetration resistance was measured by a micro-penetrometer on the core samples at the matric suction of 0.3 bar. Organic matter, mean weight diameter of aggregates and aggregates size distribution were measured. Results: The results showed that the use of 6% level mushroom substrate compost in the sandy loam soil caused a decrease in the penetration resistance compared to the level of 3% and the control, due to the interaction between the compounds in the compost and the creation of stable soil aggregates. Also, the results showed that highest amount of organic matter and mean weight diameter of aggregates at 6% level of MSC was found in loam texture. Also, the order of the mass of aggregates in classes 4-8 and 2-4 mm, was in loam> sandy loam> clay, with significant differences between the textures. Application of MSC at 3 and 6% levels in the loam texture significantly increased the mass of aggregates of 0.25 – 0.5 and 0.5-1 mm in comparison with control. These aggregates did not show significant differences in sandy loam and clay soils at different application levels of the MSC. Organic matter, mean weight diameter of aggregates, mass of aggregates of 0.5 to 1, and 0.25 to 0.5 mm increased in the range of 27 to 66%, 16 to 34.5%, 4 to 117.5% and 4 to 170%, respectively, by increasing MSC application levels at different soils. Conclusion: This compost is different from other modifiers and can have different effective mechanisms in different textures. The simultaneous addition of lime, clay and organic matter (through compost) to soils with different textures causes cation exchange reactions in the soil. Lime as one of the main additives that has the ability to improve the behavior of fine-grained soils has been noticed for a long time. In this way, in clay and loam soils, the interaction between lime and clay with organic matter plays an important role as soil accumulation factors by forming cationic bridges. The use of lime and gypsum directly improve soil resistance. Therefore, the use of mushroom substrate compost in agricultural lands is useful for improving the soil structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Three years effect of iron and magnesium nano-particles on the stability of aggregates and some soil chemical properties
Elahe Daraei Hossein Bayat Pouya ZamaniLittle is known about the long term effects of nanoparticles on soil properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the three years effects of nanoparticles on aggregate stability and some of the soil chemical properties. Different amounts (1, 3 a MoreLittle is known about the long term effects of nanoparticles on soil properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the three years effects of nanoparticles on aggregate stability and some of the soil chemical properties. Different amounts (1, 3 and 5 percentage by weight) of two types of nanoparticle of metal oxides, MgO and Fe3O4 were mixed with a loamy soil in three replications and their possible effects on different properties of the soil after three years were investigated. The results showed that application of nanoparticles, increased the pH of the soil from 7.7 in the control to 8.1- 9.3 and the electrical conductivity from 0.31 in the control to 0.34 -0.56 dSm-1, due to the increase in the alkali cations. The percentage of calcium carbonate increased from 19.75% in the control to 20.5-22.7% due to the accumulation of nanoparticles in the soil, with the highest increase in three variables with 5% magnesium nano oxide. 3% nano iron oxide significantly increased the cation exchange capacity from 23.50 in the control to 24.28 cmolc/kgsoil. Also the nanoparticles increased the mean weight diameter, due to their high specific surface area, with the greater effect of magnesium nano oxide (increased from 33 to 1242 percentage compared to the control) than iron nano oxide (increased from 97 to 173 percentage compared to the control). In general, the results of this study showed that, nanoparticles with specific physico-chemical properties can affect some properties of soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of type, particle size and amount of biochar on some physical and mechanical properties of calcareous soil
Hassan Osooli Ahmad Karimi Hossein shirani Sayyed Hassan TabatabaeiRecently, biochar has been considered as a soil conditioner. In research, the effect of the type and amount of biochar on soil properties has been emphasized. This field study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of type, amount and size of biochar particles MoreRecently, biochar has been considered as a soil conditioner. In research, the effect of the type and amount of biochar on soil properties has been emphasized. This field study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of type, amount and size of biochar particles on the total porosity (TP), penetration resistance (PR), mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD) in a sandy loam texture. Factorial experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design with three factors of type, amount and biochar particle size in three replications. Wheat straw, vermicompost and apricot firewood biochard were added to the soil in 0.5, 1.5 and 3% and particle sizes of 0.5, 0.5-1 and 1-2 mm. All three biochar increased TP significantly and decreased PR significantly compared to control. Biochar type had the largest contribution in TP and PR changes. The highest TP was obtained in the wheat straw biochar treatment with 3% and particle size of 1-2 mm. The greatest decrease in PR was observed in wheat straw biochar with a value of 3% and a particle size of 0.5-1 mm. Interaction of type, amount and size of biochar particles had the largest contribution to MWD change. The largest MWD (1.22 mm) was observed in wheat straw biochar with biochar amount of 0.5% and particle size of 0.5 mm. The results showed that the amount and size of biochar particles had different effects on soil properties depending on the type of biochar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Changing Land Use of Almond Orchards in Saman Plain of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province to Agricultural Lands on Some Physical and Chemical Indicators of Soil Quality
Kkamran ParvanakBackground and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are m MoreBackground and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are mostly carried out without sufficient knowledge of the soil environment, there can be a serious threat to reduce soil quality. Therefore, studies on the effect of different managements on different soil characteristics and in the direction of a sustainable soil resource are very important. In this research, the effect of land use change in these areas on some physical and chemical indicators of soil quality was investigated.Methods:In order to investigate the effect of land use change on some physical and chemical indicators of the soil quality of three land use systems comprising a permanent almond orchard, permanent pasture and almond orchard converted to land were selected in the plain of Saman. 15 samples of soil (45 samples in total) were taken from 0 to 30 cm in the form of networks (30 x 30 meters) in each of the three land use systems considered. Some physical and chemical parameters of studied soil samples measured by standard methods.After collecting and saving data in Excel, a one-side analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on using the SPSS18 software and the comparison of the means was also carried out on the basis of the LSD test at a probability level of 1%.Results:The results of analysis of variance data showed that changing land use (changing of almond orchards to agricultural land) had significant effect on the indeces examined physical and chemical of at 0.01 level. The Land use change did not change the surface soil texture of the study areas. The soil texture of all three-study system was almost the same (clay loam inclined to sandy clay loam). According to the findings of the mean comparison, when almond orchards were converted to agricultural land, there was a significant reduction in total porosity, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), base infiltration rate, and soil organic carbon by 12%, 56%, 50%, and 54%, respectively. Conversely, there was a notable increase of 10%, 5%, 44%, and 18% in bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and soil lime percentage at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01).In this study, substituting improved pasture plants with land grazed pasture significantly augmented the average of soil organic carbon, total porosity, solidity of soil aggregates (MWD) and base infiltration rate by 48%, 14%, 69%, and 40%, respectively, as compared to agricultural land at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01). However, no significant difference was observed at a significance level of 0.01 (pr>0.01) between almond orchard and pasture land concerning the evaluated indicators.Conclusion:Overall, the parameters analyzed indicate that organic carbon, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), and bulk density are reliable indicators of soil quality in the study area. The average values of these indicators provide an optimal alternative for management and tillage practices in various land uses. Moreover, due to the delicate and vulnerable ecosystems of Saman Plain, it is recommended to avoid converting garden lands (such as almond orchards) into agricultural lands within the study area. This approach will help prevent soil erosion in one of the most sensitive areas of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigation of spent caustic treatment processes in Bandar Abbas oil refinery
Zeynab Pour-Gholi Sedigheh Gnaei Fariborz Irandoost Kiomars Sefidi Khosro Sagheb-Talebi Farshad Keivan-BehjoBackground and Objective: Awareness of the stand conditions and the gradual replacement of tree species in developmental stages and phases provide appropriate information about silvicultural treatments, related to the close to nature silviculture. Present study due MoreBackground and Objective: Awareness of the stand conditions and the gradual replacement of tree species in developmental stages and phases provide appropriate information about silvicultural treatments, related to the close to nature silviculture. Present study due to the importance of study of dead trees in the forest, with the aim of the estimation quality and quantity of the amount of dead trees and tree mortality rate in the gap making phase was conducted in the evolution of less disturbed beech stands. Material and Methodology:To evaluate the tree mortality and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dead trees in the gap making phase in the forests of Asalem, three sample plots of one hectare were selected and then some properties such as diameter, height of all standing and dead trees, as well as the decay stage of dead trees were recorded. After determining the type species, dead trees based on the decay degree of were classified in one of decay classes. Also dead trees were classified in four diameter classes small diameter, mid diameter, thick and very thick diameter. To investigate of mortality rate in the diameter classes was used from the proportion of dead trees to live trees in each diameter class. Findings: The results showed that the highest mortality rates in this phase are observable at diameter of 95 cm and at the diameter classes larger than 75 cm. The average number and volume of dead trees in all the three samples were 13 trees per hectare and 36.03 m3 per hectare, respectively. Also, 68 percent of dead trees were logs and 32 percent of them were snags. The average volumes of standing and fallen dead trees were 49.3 and 50.7 percent, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: According to the presence of more than half of the dead trees was observed in the early decay degree in this development phase and tree mortality occur in this phase of large diameter class, that are caused gaps in the canopy of trees. Opening the canopy from falling dead trees is affecting factor in the establishment of seedlings and growing of forest seeds. So it is recommended results of this study to be used in select of trees in the selection method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation of the relationship between diameter growth of Alder species and climatic parameters in Neka-Zalmarud forests of Mazandaran province
Morteza Habibi Sasan Babaie Kafaki Amir-Hussain Meshkatee Reza AkhavanBackground and Objective: Obtaining information about the impact of climatic variables on the growth of trees in the long run can be obtained through retrospective analysis of annual tree rings and using the tree chronology method. The aim of this study was to investiga MoreBackground and Objective: Obtaining information about the impact of climatic variables on the growth of trees in the long run can be obtained through retrospective analysis of annual tree rings and using the tree chronology method. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of climatic variables on the diameter growth of alder species along an altitude gradient in undisturbed Hyrcanian forests (Neka-Zalmorud forests of Mazandaran province). Material and Methodology: For this purpose, three altitude regions (low land, middle land and high land) in sample parcels were selected. In each area, 10 trees and totally 30 trees were selected using seleted sampling method. Necessary samples were prepared from using increment borer. 50-year (1965-2014) climatic data of temperature, precipitation and relative humidity were prepared from related sources and the SPI index was calculated. Findings: The results showed that there is a correlation between acceptable the time series and a strong relationship between growth and climatic variables. There was a significant difference between all three regions and the highest diameter growth was obtained in the middle land. The study of the relationship between climatic variables and the growth also showed that in the low land region, temperature and relative humidity factors have a significant negative correlation (-0.571) and positive (0.734), respectively. The same variables were significant in the middle land area. In high land region, none of the climatic variables showed a significant relationship with growth. Discussion and Conclusion: Growth at low and middle lands has shown more dependence on climate and growth of this species has decreased during the study period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Study on Selection Criteria of Unconventional Sanitary Sewer Networks in Small communities (Case Study: Bandar Taheri of Boushehr Province)
Razieh Khansefid Ahmad AbrishamchiIn selecting type of sanitary sewer network by a designer engineer, at first after surveying the region,the same of usages and results of the selected type of network shall be studied. Nowadays, gravitysanitary sewer network (conventional network) is designed and establ MoreIn selecting type of sanitary sewer network by a designer engineer, at first after surveying the region,the same of usages and results of the selected type of network shall be studied. Nowadays, gravitysanitary sewer network (conventional network) is designed and established extensively across thecountry in small communities which causes high costs. Therefore, investigation of usages of differentunconventional sanitary networks including pressure sewer system (PSS), vacuum sewer system(VSS), small diameter gravity sewer system (SDGS) and simplified sewer system (SS), is necessarydue to lower costs. In the current research, the data are collected from books, consulting engineeringcompanies’ reports, and national and international standards of sewer network systems and analyzed.And each type of sewer network and their usage are studied and discussed and then different optionssanitary sewer networks are designed for Bandar Taheri of Boushehr Province as the case study usingArc Map, Arc GIS, Auto CAD, and Sewer CAD and then economically analyzed and estimated basedon price lists. The results indicate the priority of option simplified sewer network which in accordancewith specific circumstances of a region and criteria lowers administrative, operation and maintenancecosts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of Environmental Factors on Iranian Coppice Oak Trees (Case Study: Study of Site Factors on diameter increment)
Javad Soosani Asghar fallah Khosroo Mohammdalizadeh Hamed Naghavi NaghaviIranian Coppice Oak Forest has been an appropriate of a wide range of middle Zagros regionvegetative. Whereas Iranian oak (Quercus persica) has shown in the wide gamut of different habitatclimate, conjecture that on the limited altitude, habitat, have considerable affec MoreIranian Coppice Oak Forest has been an appropriate of a wide range of middle Zagros regionvegetative. Whereas Iranian oak (Quercus persica) has shown in the wide gamut of different habitatclimate, conjecture that on the limited altitude, habitat, have considerable affects on diameterincrement in this species. In this study, in order to determining the site affects on diameter increment,three sites were selected on foothill, heights and plain area and in each site 40 coppice were selectedrandomly. One the several rudiment of each coppice, one pillar was selected randomly and cut a diskand scan with loop and caliper on lab. Results showed that the mean of medium diameters increment(on contemporary classes) have been increased by sequential site issue. Thus ANOVA test was doneand result was significant (P= 0.05), Krusk al-Walis Nonparametric test ratifies these results as well.Also comparing percentage of diameter increment at three 5 year period of latest growth has beendone between three sites discretely and result doesn't show any significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Function Ecology effect aspect geographic on the Cypress (Cupresuss sempervirens L.var horizontalis) growth in the Abas Abad Behshahr planting stand
Hassan Kalantari Asghar Fallah Seyed Mohammad HojjatiIntroduction: To evaluate the growth of cypress in different aspects (North West, West, Northeast and Southwest) is a pure planting stand in the area Abbas Abad Behshar was considered. Materials and Methods: Using the inventory network 75 × 100 m and a stratified MoreIntroduction: To evaluate the growth of cypress in different aspects (North West, West, Northeast and Southwest) is a pure planting stand in the area Abbas Abad Behshar was considered. Materials and Methods: Using the inventory network 75 × 100 m and a stratified random method, 50 samples plot 2 R (200 square meters) in different geographical aspects was carry out. In each sample plots, diameter trees and height of four trees were measured. Excel and SPSS statistical software and statistic analyse and necessary calculations were performed. Discussion: The results showed that between amplitude with different aspects of growth, there are significant differences, so that the highest diameter increment in the West aspect (0.53 cm) and the lowest in the North East aspect (0.479 cm) were observed. The maximum height growth in the West and South-West aspecs (0.53 m) and the lowest it has been in the northwest aspect (0.49 m) and for average basal area growth, the highest growth in the West aspect (0.87 m square per ha) and lowest in the North west aspect (0.76 square meters per hectare), respectively. The average volume growth to age, respectively, in the aspect of West aspect (4 sylve per ha) and Northeast aspect (6.3 sylve per hectare) were the highest and lowest values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study on the New Graph Constructed by a Commutative Ring
زهرا یاراحمدی -
Open Access Article
13 - Study on biology and behavior of pod borer, Heliothis viriplaca Hufn. (Lep., Noctuidae) in laboratory conditions
M. Kahrarian R. Ebadi H. Seyedol-eslami M.T. TohidiThe pod borer, Heliothis viriplaca Hufn., is one of the most serious pests of chickpea in the Middle East countries. For the life cycle studies, determination of different larval stages and other behavioral activity, the pupae were collected from cultivated fields and r MoreThe pod borer, Heliothis viriplaca Hufn., is one of the most serious pests of chickpea in the Middle East countries. For the life cycle studies, determination of different larval stages and other behavioral activity, the pupae were collected from cultivated fields and reared under laboratory conditions (25±2°C, %70±5 RH and 14/10 L:D). The laboratory test showed that this pest has one generation per year with obligate diapause. By measuring of head capsule width determined five larvae instars for the pest, with the ranges of 0.423, 0.699, 1.29, 1.84 and 2.64 mm respectively. It has been also indicated that larvae have high cannibalistic tendency under unsuitable conditions so that the larger larvae feed on other small larvae and prepupation stage. In addition the laboratory trials revealed that although all pupae held in 2±1°C condition for 30 days emerged, average oviposition of females decreased and most of the eggs did not hatch. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation Seed Yield, Its Components and Morphological Traits of Corn in Response of Consume Super Absorbent Polymers and Nitroxin
Sadegh Lamochi Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
15 - Determination of Soil Aggregate Stability in Different Types and Amounts of Organic Matter in Khuzestan Plain, Iran
Mohiaddin Goosheh Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
16 - Assess Effect of Vermicompost and Iron Nano Fertilizer on Morphological Traits and Chlorophyll Content of Zea mays L.
Najmeh Razmandeh Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
17 - بررسی تاثیرعمق استغراق برالگوی آبشستگی پایین دست جت آبی
فواد بروایه محمد حیدرنژاد حیدرعلی کشکولیهدف از این تحقیق بررسی الگوی آبشستگی پایین دست جت متاثر از تغییرات تراز سطح آب می باشد. همچنین در این تحقیق پارامترها و مؤلفه های مختلف پخشیدگی جریان جت مستغرق در سیال پذیرنده و ابعاد چاله آبشستگی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای نیل به اهداف یاد شده مدل فیزیکی م Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی الگوی آبشستگی پایین دست جت متاثر از تغییرات تراز سطح آب می باشد. همچنین در این تحقیق پارامترها و مؤلفه های مختلف پخشیدگی جریان جت مستغرق در سیال پذیرنده و ابعاد چاله آبشستگی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای نیل به اهداف یاد شده مدل فیزیکی متناسب با موضوع تحقیق ساخته شد. با افزایش عدد فرود در خروجی نازل، سرعت جریان در سیال پذیرنده نیز بیشتر شده، همچنین به همین میزان سرعت فلاکس کلی جریان با افزایش عدد فرود بیشتر می شد. بررسی تاثیر عمق استغراق سیال پذیرنده بر روی سرعت خروجی نازل آزمایشات سرعت سنجی در اعماق استغراق مختلف انجام شد. با توجه به سرعت خروجی نازل به ازاء اعماق استغراق 10 و 30 و 50 برابر قطر نازل مشخص شد که سرعت های اندازهگیری شده بر هم منطبق بوده و تغییرات عمق بر روی سرعت خروجی تأثیرگذار نمی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Influence of Solution Temperature and pH on Size and Morphology Improvement of Chitosan Nanoparticles as Protein Delivery Vehicles
N. Kiaie R. Mehdinavaz Aghdam H. Ahmadi Tafti Sh. Hojati Emami J. Izadi Mobarakeh -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation of effective parameters (pipe diameter and fluid velocity) on the Simulation of water hammer phenomenon in water pipeline
Nima Asadi Dehmirahmadi Yousof EsmaeiliDue to the importance of water hammer in pipe network and pipe containing liquids in this paper, the diameter of pipe and the velocity of fluid were considered experimentally in laboratory and simulated the problem in HAMMER software. In this study, the tests were carri MoreDue to the importance of water hammer in pipe network and pipe containing liquids in this paper, the diameter of pipe and the velocity of fluid were considered experimentally in laboratory and simulated the problem in HAMMER software. In this study, the tests were carried out with six different types of materials (Brass, Carbon Steel, Copper, Five layer and PVC). It was assumed that valve which causes water hammer was closed fast. Also, how valve closing, is another important issue for this phenomenon. The tests in two modes slow and fast closing valve results showed if it takes more time to close, water hammer is less and the waves would fade faster. Also by examining the results indicate that the diameter of the pipes increasing pipe's diameter, increases the mess flow and fluid's velocity therefore effect of water hammer increases. This phenomenon shows that effect of increasing fluid velocity is more powerful than increasing pipe diameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Online Dimensional Controlling System for Drilling
Reza Farshbaf Zinati Ahmad Habibi Zad navin Mohammad Reza Razfar -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of Compost Combination and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Reza Rezayi Ghyasi Seyyed Ali Mousavizadeh Elnaz Farajzadeh Meamari TabriziIn order to find suitable ratio of chemical fertilizer and compost, to increase economic yield of onion, a study was carried out at the Malekan Agricultural Farm and Natural Resources Research and Education Station in 2013. The experiment was done in split plot using RC MoreIn order to find suitable ratio of chemical fertilizer and compost, to increase economic yield of onion, a study was carried out at the Malekan Agricultural Farm and Natural Resources Research and Education Station in 2013. The experiment was done in split plot using RCBD with three replications. Fertilizers (A) were asseigned to main plots with six levels (recommended dosage of chemical fertilizers as control (a1), ¾ of the control + 4 ton ha-1 of compost (a2), ½ of the control + 8 ton ha-1 compost (a3), ¼ of the control + 12 ton ha-1 compost (a4) and the compost alone (16 and 20 ton ha-1) (a5 and a6)) and cultivars to subplots with five levels , (B) (Zanjan Qoli Qissa (b1) and Red Azarshahr (b2)). Red Azarshahr was superior to Qoli Qissa in all traits. Fertilizer levels had significant effects on all traits, except number of edible layers, and a1 was highest amount in these traits compared to other fertilizer rates. The interaction of fertilizer × cultivar was not significant in all traits. Combined use of chemical fertilizers and compost had significant positive effect on vegetative traits, bulb diameter, yield per plant and total yield as compared to that of using compost alone. Using ¾ a1 and ½ a1 along with the rate of 4 and 8 t.ha-1 (a2 anda3) of compost had no significant decreasing effect on bulb weight per plant and yield as compared with chemical fertilizer application alone (a1). Thus use of ¾ the control treatment + 4 ton ha-1 of compost (a2) and ½ of the control treatment + 8 ton ha-1 of compost (a3) can be recommended to the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Different Treatments of Irrigation Distance and Sowing Date
Sahar Keyvan Rad Hamid Madani Hossein Heidari Sharifabadi Mojtaba Mahmoudi Ghorban NourmohamadiTo evaluate different irrigation regimes and planting dates on plant height, stem diameter, yield, and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) a split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks with three replications was conducted in Karaj during MoreTo evaluate different irrigation regimes and planting dates on plant height, stem diameter, yield, and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) a split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks with three replications was conducted in Karaj during 2017 growing season. Experimental treatments were irrigation intervals (8, 10 and 12 days) as a main plot, and planting dates with three levels (4th, 18th of June and 2th July) as a sub-plot. The results of analysis of variance showed that the main effect of irrigation interval was significant on all traits under study. Planting date treatment had a significant effect only on plant height, stem diameter, number of plant branches, number of plant leaves, number of fruits, fresh fruit yield and dry fruit yield. The interaction of irrigation interval treatment and planting date had no significant effect on the trails under study. The highest chlorophyll concentration (3.68 mg.g-1 FW), plant height (100.4 cm), number of branches (3.1), number of leaves per plant (24.8), number of fruits per plant (10.5) and fresh fruit yield (4023 kg.ha-1) were belonged to the irrigation interval of 8 days. Irrigation interval of 12 days decreased by 30.4, 21.7, 21.3 and 28.4 % in stem diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter and dry fruit yield, compared to irrigation interval of 8 days interval, respectively. The highest plant height (99.2 cm), number of branches (2.5), number of leaves per plant (23.3) and number of fruits (9.77) were observed of June 4th planting date. The highest fruit yield was obtained in June 18th planting. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that irrigation interval of 8 days is recommended to achieve maximum fruit yield and to shorten the length of growing period, saving in water consumption and maximum yield performance in the Karaj region, the date of 18th June is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of Bio Phosphate Fertilizer and Triple Super Phosphate Application on Yield, Yield Components, Phosphorus and Cadmium Concentration of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds
Nadia Nisi Alireza Shokohfar Khoshnaz PayandehThe high cost of chemical fertilizers used in agriculture and the environmental problems due to their use reveal the need to reappraise conventional plant nutrition practices. Integrated use of biofertilizers combined with synthetic fertilizers is one of the essential s MoreThe high cost of chemical fertilizers used in agriculture and the environmental problems due to their use reveal the need to reappraise conventional plant nutrition practices. Integrated use of biofertilizers combined with synthetic fertilizers is one of the essential sustainable agricultural strategies. To this end, this study was carried out by using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch during 2018 cropping season. The first factor was different amounts of triple superphosphate fertilizer with three levels (0, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1) and the second factor was phosphorus biofertilizer also with three levels (0, 100 and 200 g.ha-1). Result of analysis of variance revealed that the effect of different levels of biophosphorus fertilizer and triple superphosphate on all measured characteristics were significant but the interaction effect of treatments was not significant. Based on the results of this study, the highest seed yield, 1000 seed weight, seed oil percentage, head diameter and number of seed per head and lowest empty seed belonged to the use of 100 kg.ha-1 triple superphosphate with 200 g.ha-1 biophosphorus fertilizer. It seems triple superphosphate fertilizer to increase the concentration of soil cadmium by 54%, due to its impurities, including heavy elements, but increasing the levels of phosphorus fertilizer in the soil reduces the concentration of cadmium by 45%. According to these results, the application of 100 kg.ha-1 of triple superphosphate and 200 g.ha-1 of phosphorus fertilizer per hectare, compared to other treatments, may increase seed yield and absorption of elements of sunflower in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics and Seed Yield of Dragon Head (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) Using Different Levels of Nitrogen and Micronutrient Elements
Esmaeil Abkar Esmaeil Nabizadeh Mohsen Roshdi Saman YazdansetaTo evaluate agronomical characteristics and yield of dragon head by using different levels of nitrogen and microelements (Fe, B, Zn), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Khoy, during 2016 and 2017 gro MoreTo evaluate agronomical characteristics and yield of dragon head by using different levels of nitrogen and microelements (Fe, B, Zn), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Khoy, during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. The first factor consisted of three levels of recommended nitrogen fertilization (1- before planting, 2- one half before planting+15 days after planting, 3- one third before planting+ one-third one month after planting+ one-third 45 days after planting) and the second factor was the use of microelements with five levels including non-consuming treatments, iron with boron, iron with zinc boron, zinc. Nitrogen consumption resulted in significant effect on stem diameter, 100 seed weight, fresh weight of plant and essential oil yield. According to the results, growth and yield increase were observed using fertilizers. Therefore, the highest plant height was in two stages, the fresh yield of 10805.80 kg.ha-1, in three stages, essential oil percentage of 0.59% and essential oil yield of 16.33 kg.ha-1 in nitrogen application in two stages and iron, boron and was observed. Although the second treatment of nitrogen (half before planting and half after sowing) along with that of boron and zinc micronutrients, the highest percentage of essential oil was 0.59%, but the consumption of other micronutrients also increased the essential oil content. Meanwhile, the highest fresh yield of nitrogen in nitrogen application was obtained at 10805.7 kg.ha-1 during three stages. It can be concluded that in growing dragonhead, nitrogen should be used in several stages and micronutrients usage also improves the quality and quantity of plant yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Dissimilar DP780/DP980 Resistance Spot Welded joints: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Critical Diameter
Bahman Valizadeh Mehdi Mansouri -
Open Access Article
26 - Evaluating of height-diameter nonlinear models for Alnus specie in Hyrcanes forest (Case Study: Golestan Rezaeian Forest)
anoshirvan alemi jafar oladi asghar fallah yaser maghsoudiProjection of stand development over time relies on accurate height-diameter functions. In this study, we evaluated the capability of 43 nonlinear models to estimate Alnus subcordata heights in a portion Rezaeian experimental forest in Gorgan, Golestan province. We appl MoreProjection of stand development over time relies on accurate height-diameter functions. In this study, we evaluated the capability of 43 nonlinear models to estimate Alnus subcordata heights in a portion Rezaeian experimental forest in Gorgan, Golestan province. We applied a systematic random sampling method to collect field data within a 150×200 meter network (3.33% intensity). It resulted in 200 circular plots with 17.84 m (0.1 ha) radius. In each plot tree species, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees with DBH>7.5 cm were measured. From the available dataset, we included 70% in the model development and the remaining 30% to validate the models. The relationship between height (dependent variable) and DBH (independent variable) was analyzed using 43 non-linear regression models. The results showed no significant difference between the applied model diagnostics, and the applied t-test showed non-significant mean stand height estimation using all models and actual height at 99% confidence level. In addition, the results of Geometric, Geometric two, Hyperbolic three, Morgan-Merser-Florin and Logarithmic models with R2 of 0.88 and RMSE% of 7.81%, 7.86%, 7.88%, 7.90 and 7.92% , respectively were almost similar in that they were better predictors of forest height. Based on the results, we conclude that these models can be used for predicting forest height in similar broadleaved stands of northern Iran, provided that comparative studies are conducted elsewhere to approve the results obtained here. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating Diameter-Height Models of Fagus and Carpinus betulus Forest in Area 40 A of Noshahr (Mazandaran)
Nastaran Nazariani Seyedeh Kosar Hamidi Ramin Mansour SamaeiModeling the frequency distribution of variables such as diameter and height of trees as an important factor in the growth and performance of various branches of forest science such as forestry, forestry and biometrics in order to provide sustainable management and prop MoreModeling the frequency distribution of variables such as diameter and height of trees as an important factor in the growth and performance of various branches of forest science such as forestry, forestry and biometrics in order to provide sustainable management and proper planning of forest resources. Altitude and diameter equations are often used to estimate the height of trees when only the diameter of the trees is measured. In the present study, 12 nonlinear elevation and diameter models were fitted for data of Beech and Hornbeam forests in the Nawshahr (Mazandaran) Area 40 A. The data were divided into two categories. 70% of the data was used for modeling and 30% for validation. In order to select the optimal model, moderate explanation coefficient criteria, mean square error and error were used. The results of different models showed that the Korf model with the coefficients of error, irregularity and mean squared error (R2 = 0.68), (BIAS = 0.52) and (RMSE = 5.82) for modeling and respectively (R2 = 0.68) (BIAS = 0.30) and (RMSE = 5.41) for validation, is a suitable model for the diameter-altitude relationship in the studied area. With regard to aspects of mathematical and biological models studied in this research, korf model as the final model to predict the height of Fagus and Carpinus betulus forests in the area is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyniTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo MoreTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Evaluation of flooding tolerance in two-year-old seedlings of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
ghasem ali Parad Masood Tabari Kochaksaraeai Ali Khodadost Sid Ehsan Sadati Nabi AziziThe aim of this study was determining the physiological and morphological responses of two-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings to flooding stress. For this purpose, seedlings of common ash were examined in a completely randomized design for 102 days un MoreThe aim of this study was determining the physiological and morphological responses of two-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings to flooding stress. For this purpose, seedlings of common ash were examined in a completely randomized design for 102 days under continuous flooding, temporary flooding treatment (for 60 and 42 days drainage, respectively) and control. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis rate were progressively decreased by flooding while all seedlings survived at the end of flooding. Also, flooded plants were able to adequately recover their physiological activities. In addition, height, root length, leaf area, and biomass accumulation of seedlings decreased under flooding conditions (particularly in continuous flooding). Diameter growth on the other hand, increased in seedlings subjected to temporary flooding. Overall, the results showed that two-year-old seedlings of F. excelsior had a suitable response to flooding stress until day 60. After 42 days drainage, the physiological characteristics of the seedlings were recovered. Generally, on the basis of the findings in this research, it is expected that F. excelsior can be used for the purpose of restoration of lowlands and wood production in areas subjected to periodic flooding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Evaluation drought tolerance of sunflower inbred lines and synthetic cultivars at temperate climate of Kermanshah
SEYED MEHDI SAFAVIAt this study, the effect of drought stress on some agro-physiological characteristics of 15 sunflower genotypes including three check cultivars, eight inbred lines and four synthetic cultivars was evaluated using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three repl MoreAt this study, the effect of drought stress on some agro-physiological characteristics of 15 sunflower genotypes including three check cultivars, eight inbred lines and four synthetic cultivars was evaluated using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replicates under non-stress and drought stress conditions at Dryland Agricultural Research Sub-Institute (Sararood Station), AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran during 2013-2014 cropping year. The mean kernel yield of genotypes was 715 and 597 kg/ha under non-stress and stress conditions, respectively which shows a 19.02% reduction due to drought stress. Check cultivar “Zaria” and line “Sil-292” had the highest percentage of yield loss with more than 30%. Synthetic cultivars “Sil-94”, “Sil-54” and “Sil-96” had the lowest percentage of reduction with less than 5%. Kernel oil content ranged from 45.5 to 51.7% in non-stress conditions and from 35.4 to 49.9% in drought stress conditions. Drought stress caused about 10% decrease in kernel oil of the genotypes. Overall, drought stress caused early flowering, reduced agronomic and morphological traits and kernel oil content and increased relative electrolyte leakage and leaf relative water loss. Genotypes “SIL-54”, “SIL-42”, “SIL-140” and “SIL-237” were recognized as the most tolerant genotypes using ranking method and its parameters. These genotypes were identified as the best genotypes based on the biplot diagrams under the both conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Effects of sowing date and plant density on seed and flower yield of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
MJ Seghatoleslami gr MousaviMedicinal herbs have been used to promote health for centuries, and have increased in popularity and sales in the last 10-20 years. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a medicinal herb whose dried flower heads are used to heal wounds. In order to understand the e MoreMedicinal herbs have been used to promote health for centuries, and have increased in popularity and sales in the last 10-20 years. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a medicinal herb whose dried flower heads are used to heal wounds. In order to understand the effects of sowing dates and plant density on grain and flower yield of pot marigold, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch in 2005. Three sowing dates (30 March, 14 April and 30 April) and three plant densities (plant distances on row were 10, 20 and 30 centimeters) were compared in a split- plot design based on randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. Seed and flower yield were significantly different at planting dates and plant densities. Sowing date had significant effects on flower and seed harvest index. The latest sowing date had the highest flower and seed harvest index. Plant density did not have any significant effect on flower harvest index, but the effect on seed harvest index, was significant. In total, the result showed that the first sowing date with 25plants/m2 had the highest grain and flower yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Assessment the Wear Properties of Biodiesel-diesel Blends with the Addition of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
Hossein Khorshidnia Alireza Shirneshan -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigation and sensitivity analysis of indicators affecting the dynamic pressure of GRP pipes in water supply designs (Case study: Songhar water supply plan)
Mohammadamin Gandomi sara Amirzadeh Roozbeh Aghamajidi Nooredin BazgirUnsteady currents in pipes can occur in various forms, one of which is the unsteady current of damping, which is called Surge shock.These currents are in the form of pressure waves and if not controlled in some way, can cause irreparable damage to the pipeline. In the p MoreUnsteady currents in pipes can occur in various forms, one of which is the unsteady current of damping, which is called Surge shock.These currents are in the form of pressure waves and if not controlled in some way, can cause irreparable damage to the pipeline. In the present study, the ram phenomenon was introduced and the effects of different parameters, pipe thickness and diameter, different flow velocities on the dynamic loads due to the occurrence of ram impact were investigated.Finally, it was observed that under the same conditions, the effect of pipe material is 25% effective in reducing the maximum impact. The maximum impact increase is about 1% due to a very small increase in pipe thickness. Doubling the moment of inertia reduces the maximum impact pressure by about 42%, which has been investigated using Water Hammer software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - بررسی برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گل ژربرا تحت تاثیر کاربرد اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک
نازدار میرزایی اسگندیان زهره جبارزاده میرحسن رسولی- صادقیانیبهمنظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم روی گل شاخه بریده ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک اجرا شد. فاکتور اول: اسید هیومیک در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 500، 1000 و 2000 می Moreبهمنظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم روی گل شاخه بریده ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک اجرا شد. فاکتور اول: اسید هیومیک در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 500، 1000 و 2000 میلیگرم بر لیتر بهصورت کاربرد در محیط کشت و فاکتور دوم: نانوکلات کلسیم در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 1، 2 و 3 گرم در لیتر بهصورت محلولپاشی اجرا شد. صفات رشدی از جمله قطر گل و ساقه گلدهنده گل ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، طول برگ و ساقه گلدهنده، وزن تر و خشک برگ و صفات بیوشیمیایی از جمله میزان آنتوسیانین، کاروتنوئید، قندهای محلول کل و فنل اندازهگیری شدند. براساس نتایج به دست آمده از تجزیه واریانس، طول، وزن تر و خشک برگ تحت تاثیر کاربرد اسید هیومیک قرار گرفته و با افزایش غلظت اسید هیومیک طول برگ و وزن خشک آن افزایش یافت. بیشترین قطر ساقه گلدهنده در غلظت 2000 میلیگرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک و صفر گرم در لیتر نانوکلات کلسیم به دست آمد. قطر گل و ساقه گلدهنده با افزایش غلظت اسید هیومیک افزایش یافت. کاروتنوئید برگ و آنتوسیانین تحت تاثیر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم قرار گرفته و به ترتیب 3 و 5/1 برابر نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافتند. میزان قندهای محلول و فنل کل تحت تاثیر اسید هیومیک قرار گرفته و نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشتند. در کل کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم منجر به بهبود ویژگیهای رشدی و بیوشیمیایی ژربرا در مطالعه حاضر شد، و به طور تقریبی غلظت 2000 میلیگرم در لیتراسید هیومیک و 2 گرم در لیتر نانوکلات کلسیم موثرتر بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی برخی ژنوتیپ های گل محمدی (Rosa damascena Mill.) استان کردستان با استفاده از صفات مرفولوژیکی
فردین نصری ارسلان فداکار بایزید یوسفی بهمن زاهدیاین پژوهش به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی 12 ژنوتیپ گل محمدی کردستان با استفاده ازصفات مرفولوژیکی گل محمدی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ژاله وابسته به مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان کردستان انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در هر تکرار سه پایه از هر ژ Moreاین پژوهش به منظور بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی 12 ژنوتیپ گل محمدی کردستان با استفاده ازصفات مرفولوژیکی گل محمدی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی ژاله وابسته به مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان کردستان انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در هر تکرار سه پایه از هر ژنوتیپ صورت گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد که بین ژنوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه، اختلاف معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 1% درصد وجود دارد. نتایج مقایسه میانگین بیانگر تنوع وسیع برای صفات مورد بررسی در ژنوتیپ­های مختلف بود. . همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که صفات تعداد گل، ارتفاع گیاه، متوسط عرض، متوسط طول و متوسط تعداد برگ، میانگین قطر گل و نسبت وزنی گلبرگ به گل با عملکرد گل در پایه دارای همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 1% درصد است. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه­ای 12 ژنوتیپ گل­محمدی در چهار گروه مجزا بر اساس صفات متفاوت تقسیم شدند. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج حاصل از آزمایش برای معرفی ژنوتیپ ­برتر می­توان ژنوتیپ­های کردستان3 و کردستان2 را معرفی کرد. ژنوتیپ کردستان3 دارای عملکرد بالای گل در هکتار و تعداد گل بالا در بوته و ژنوتیپ کردستان2 دارای بیشترین قطر گل بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - مطالعه تجربی اثر قطر ناگت بر مقاومت کششی و برشی در نمونه های جوشکاری نقطه ای AISI 1008
A. فدایی ا.ح محمودی آ. برزویی -
Open Access Article
37 - Effects of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics of sweet corn hybrids under water stress conditions
seyyed salar habibpor ahmad naderi shahram lak Hoshang Faraji MANI MOJADAMWater strees is an abiotic stress that decrease crop yield. This study was carried out to determine the effect of different levels of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics of sweet corn hybrids under water stress, using split split plots arranged in randomized MoreWater strees is an abiotic stress that decrease crop yield. This study was carried out to determine the effect of different levels of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics of sweet corn hybrids under water stress, using split split plots arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments included water stress at three states (irrigation at 50, 60 and 70% of soil field capacity) and salicylic acid at three levels [0 (control), 0.5 and 1 ml molar] and three hybrids of sweet corn (Pashen, Basin and Chalenjer) respectively in main plot, sub plot and sub sub plots. The results showed that the effects of water stress and SA were significant on all traits except ear diameter. The effect of hybrids were significant on stem height, number of leaves per plant, ear diameter and leaf width. The interaction between water stress, salicylic acid and hybrids were significant on all traits except ear diameter. The highest stem height, number of leaves per plant, ear length, cob weight, length and width of leaf were 171.77, 12.2, 23.16 cm, 412.43 g/m2, 64.09 cm and 6.99 cm respectively which was obtained in combined treatment of irrigation after 50% drainage of available soil water and 0.5 ml molar of salicylic acid in Bisin hybrid. In general the results showed that application of salicylic acid relatively reduced the negative effects of water stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) root response to seaweed extract concentrations, time and method of application
Mohammad Sibi Hamid Reza Khazaei Ahmad NezamiIn order to evaluate the response root of safflower to concentration, time and method of use of seaweed extract, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications a greenhouse at the Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad i MoreIn order to evaluate the response root of safflower to concentration, time and method of use of seaweed extract, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications a greenhouse at the Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014 was carried. Factors included concentration of seaweed extract on four levels , Stages of use seaweed extract in two levels and the use method of seaweed extract on two levels were. The results showed that the concentration of seaweed extract on the characteristics root volume, root surface, shoot to root ratio, plant height, stem diameter, number of bolls per plant and biological yield of un-direct boll very significant side effect found (p<0.01). also stages of use seaweed extract the volume root, surface root, shoot to root ratio, plant height and biological yield of un-direct boll, in statistical level of 1% and number of bolls per plant 5% in the affected regions, but had no significant effect on stem diameter. How to use seaweed extract could also have significant effect on the volume root, surface root, stem diameter and biological yield of un-direct boll sub statistical level of 1% and the traits of shoot to root ratio and plant height by 5% effective, but had no significant effect on the number of bolls per plant. Results showed that maximum volume and surface root, respectively, with an average of 56 cm3 and 18176 cm2 of treated using 2 liters ha-1 seaweed extract obtained in the vegetative growth stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Germination and seedling emergence of green bean and maize in different soil depths and physical characteristics
Behnam Behtari Adel Dabbag Mohammadi Nasab Kazem Ghassemi Golezani Mohammad Reza ShakibaA field study was carried out to investigate the effects of four planting depths and three soil types with different physical characteristics on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Var. sunray) and maize (Zea mays L. Var. Amyla) seed germination and seedling emergence.The ai MoreA field study was carried out to investigate the effects of four planting depths and three soil types with different physical characteristics on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Var. sunray) and maize (Zea mays L. Var. Amyla) seed germination and seedling emergence.The aim of the experiments was to investigate the physical effects of the soil on seed ecology and emergence dynamics. The result revealed that germination inhibition was directly proportional to clay content and inversely proportional to sand content due to burial depth. Depth of fifty percent emergence inhibition (Di50%) were equal to 5.3 cm in clay soil for both green bean and maize, if this was for silty soil, respectively 5.4 and 2.7 cm. A significant linear regression between clay particle content and Di50% revealed that those soil components had opposite effects in terms of favoring or inhibiting depth mediated inhibition. Therefore, increasing soil clay contents increased inhibition of seedlings. The data also showed that the oxygen content in the surrounding soil of seeds can not be an important factor for seed germination differences, and its effect was insignificant. Increasing geometric mean decreased particle diameter soil inhibition. In conclusion, these experiments showed soil physical properties had a strong effect on buried-seed ecology and consequently on seed germination and seedling emergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effect of rootstock type, fruit growth pattern and cell intensity of peel on pre-harvest fruit splitting in citrus
Mehrnaz Alikhani Babak Babakhani Behrouz Golein Mahmoud Asadi Parvaneh RahdariPre-harvest fruit splitting each year causing a significant reduction in yield and the prevalence of fungal rot in citrus fruits. In this research, effect of rootstock and also, physical traits of fruits on the severity of pre-harvest fruit splitting were investigated. MorePre-harvest fruit splitting each year causing a significant reduction in yield and the prevalence of fungal rot in citrus fruits. In this research, effect of rootstock and also, physical traits of fruits on the severity of pre-harvest fruit splitting were investigated. For this purpose, a research was performed in 2016-17 based on RCBD statistical design with three blocks of three mandarin cultivars (Page, Kara and Cadoux) grafted on four rootstocks (Sour orange, Citrange, Citrumelo and Cleopatra mandarin) under dry farming condition in Tonekabon city (private orchard). Obtained results showed that, both two investigated factors had significant effects on this disorder. According to results, sour orange and citrumelo caused the highest and lowest fruit splitting respectively and two other rootstocks with no significant difference were at an intermediate level in this regard. The significant role of growth pattern, thickness and cell density of peel at the stylar end of fruits on pre-harvest fruit splitting, caused that Page and Cadoux have the highest and lowest percent of fruit splitting respectively. Results also showed that cell density on the peel of the split fruits was lower than healthy ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Finite element simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size in resistance spot welding of TRIP1100 steel
Hamid Ashrafi Iman HajianniaIn this study, simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size of TRIP1100 steel during resistant spot welding was performed by finite element method. Then, the effect of the second pulse current on the weld nugget size, MoreIn this study, simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size of TRIP1100 steel during resistant spot welding was performed by finite element method. Then, the effect of the second pulse current on the weld nugget size, weld nugget microstructure and mechanical properties of the resistant spot welds of the above-mentioned steel was experimentally investigated. Temperature distribution, weld nugget dimensions and heating and cooling cycles during resistant spot welding were predicted by simulation. Based on the simulated thermal cycles and continuous cooling transformation diagram of the TRIP1100 steel, a fully martensitic microstructure was predicted for the weld nugget in all currents. A good agreement was obtained between the simulated and experimental results. It was observed that the nugget diameter logarithmically increases with increasing the second pulse current. Furthermore, the microstructure of weld nugget in all samples was fully martensitic. Assessment of the mechanical properties of the welded samples by shear tension test demonstrated that the maximum load increases with increasing the weld nugget diameter. Nevertheless, the fracture energy decreased with increasing the nugget diameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - بررسی و شبیهسازی فرآیند نورد نامتقارن سیم
علی پرویزی بهزاد پسوده کارن ابری نیافرایند نورد نامتقارن سیم برای دو ماده مس و برنج با نرمافزار آباکوس مورد شبیه­سازی قرارگرفته است. مدل المان محدود موردنظر در این شبیه­سازی تیری نورد، انحنای خروجی و عرض سطح تماس را در حالت نامتقارنی فرایند (عدم برابری قطر غلتکها، سرعت دورانی غلتکها و صافی سطح Moreفرایند نورد نامتقارن سیم برای دو ماده مس و برنج با نرمافزار آباکوس مورد شبیه­سازی قرارگرفته است. مدل المان محدود موردنظر در این شبیه­سازی تیری نورد، انحنای خروجی و عرض سطح تماس را در حالت نامتقارنی فرایند (عدم برابری قطر غلتکها، سرعت دورانی غلتکها و صافی سطح غلتکها) پیش­بینی می­کند. مواد مورداستفادهشده در تحلیل خاصیت کرنش سختی دارند. برای صحه­گذاری بر داده­های این مطالعه، نتایج بهدستآمده از این شبیه­سازی با نتایج مطالعه تحلیلی نورد متقارن تخت سیم سایر محققین مقایسه شده است. مقایسه نتایج تطابق خوب بین این دو روش را نشان میدهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Appointment of Importance and Portion of Morphological Traits on Fruit Yield in Breeding Hybrid Cultivars of Greenhouse Cucumber
Golnoosh Bozorgzad Maryam GolabadiIn order to evaluate of agronomical traits and fruit yield in 23 breeding hybrid cultivars of greenhouse cucumber, and determine the relationship between these traits, a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in the research greenhouse of MoreIn order to evaluate of agronomical traits and fruit yield in 23 breeding hybrid cultivars of greenhouse cucumber, and determine the relationship between these traits, a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch in 2014-15. Data was collected for these traits: total fruit yield, total fruit number, number and fruit yield on three periods, plant height, length and width of leaf, length and diameter of fruit, days to flowering and fruiting and the first flower node. Coefficient of correlations showed that total number of fruit and fruit diameter had significant and positive correlation with fruit yield. Path analysis revealed that fruit number had the highest direct and positive effect on fruit yield. Therefore this trait could be used as selection criterion for selecting genotypes with high fruit yield. Step wise regression showed that total fruit yield and fruit yield on mid fruit production period explained 96.30 percentage of fruit yield variation. On the other hand, total fruit yield and fruit number on final fruit production period explained the highest amount of total fruit number variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Uniformity coefficient of water distribution in three sprinkler types under different wind speeds and riser heights in Ahvaz, Iran
Mehdi Daghagheleh Davoud Khodadadi Dehkordi Elnaz Noroozi Aslan EgdernezhadIn this study, the effect of wind speed and riser height on the uniformity coefficient of water distribution in Ahvaz city was investigated. Sprinklers were including Zhaleh 3, Zhaleh 5, and Komet with discharges of 2.11, 4 and 3 m3/h and spraying diameters of 30, 40 an MoreIn this study, the effect of wind speed and riser height on the uniformity coefficient of water distribution in Ahvaz city was investigated. Sprinklers were including Zhaleh 3, Zhaleh 5, and Komet with discharges of 2.11, 4 and 3 m3/h and spraying diameters of 30, 40 and 35 m, respectively and riser heights of 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.2 m under mild to moderate and severe wind speeds in a solid set system with portable sprinklers were investigated. In the mild to moderate wind speed range, increasing in riser height from 100 to 140 cm, the uniformity coefficient of water distribution increased and in riser height rage from 140 to 220 cm, the uniformity coefficient decreased. In the severe wind speed, increasing in riser height from 100 to 220 cm, the uniformity coefficient decreased. The uniformity coefficient of water distribution in the layout of 18 × 18 m for sprinkler Zhaleh 5 was in the highest and for sprinkler Zhaleh 3 was in the lowest value. Finally, the riser height of 140 cm in the mild wind speed range and the riser height of 100 cm in the severe wind speed range were selected as the best riser heights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effects of plant density and defoliation during development stages on yield and yield components of sunflower
Mohsen Roshdi sasan rezdost javad khalilimahalleh navvab Hajihasani AslTo evaluation of effects of plant density and defoliation in two development stages on yield and yield components of sunflower, two year research was carried out during 2004-2006 in the agriculture research station of Khoy. The experiment was done in split factorial in MoreTo evaluation of effects of plant density and defoliation in two development stages on yield and yield components of sunflower, two year research was carried out during 2004-2006 in the agriculture research station of Khoy. The experiment was done in split factorial in the basis of randomized complete block design in three replications. The plant density levels were considered as the main factor in three levels of 30000, 40000, 50000 plants per hectare and defoliation percentage in four levels (0, 33, 66 and 100 percent) and defoliation stage in appearance of anthodium and anthesis were as the sub factors. The results of compound analysis of variance showed that plant density effect was significant on plant height and stem diameter, seed numbers in an anthodium, thousand seed weight, plant lodging percentage and grain yield. The maximum grain yield was obtained in 50000 plant density per hectare treatment with optimum leaf area index and sufficient number of anthodium in area unit. However, this treatment caused the least number of seeds in an anthodium and thousand seed weight. Increasing defoliation percentage resulted in decreased number of seeds in an anthodium, thousand seed weight, grain yield and harvest index. Defoliation in the anthesis stage had more negative effect on thousand seed weight, number of seeds in an anthodium, grain yield and harvest index than defoliation in appearance of anthodium. The results showed that cropping of sunflower in density of 50000 plants per hectare with leaves protection and high leaf area duration resulted in economical yield in Khoy region and so, even little percentage of defoliation in any different development stages wasn’t recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Comparison of wool characteristics of Arkhamerino×Ghezel and Arkhamerino×Moghani sheep crossbreds with their parents
Tarlan Farahvash Jalil Shoja Shahram Gholzar adabi Jaber DavoodiCrossbreeding of indigenous breeds of sheep with exotic fine wool breeds is one of the methods in achieving rapid improvement in wool quality. This study was conducted to compare the wool characteristics of Arkhamerino×Ghezel (ARG) and Arkhamerino×Moghani (A MoreCrossbreeding of indigenous breeds of sheep with exotic fine wool breeds is one of the methods in achieving rapid improvement in wool quality. This study was conducted to compare the wool characteristics of Arkhamerino×Ghezel (ARG) and Arkhamerino×Moghani (ARM) half-breds with their parents. 22 Arkhamerino (AR), 25 Ghezel (G) and 16 Moghani (M) sheep were crossed during 1999-2001 and samples were collected from right body midside of 9-15 month-old half-breds. Fiber diameter (FD), Variability of fiber diameter (CVf), staple length (SL), kemp (KP) and Modullated fibers (MP) were assessed in samples. AR sheep produced significantly higher quality wool (P<0.01). Also both half-breds significantly produced finer wool than their Iranian parents (P<0.01). M sheep had significant higher CVf (P<0.01). The SL of half-breds was similar to their Iranian parents and they had higher SL than AR parent (P<0.01). KP of both half-breds dramatically decreased in comparison to native sheep and ARM had lower MP than M sheep (P<0.01). In conclusions, wool quality of half-breds was better than Iranian native parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on morphological traits and essential oil of daffodil (Narcissus tazetta L.)
Fatemeh Nakhaei ahmad khalili mohammad ali naseri parviz abromandDaffodil (Narcissus tazetta) not only is known as a cut flower and ornamental plant, but also has high advantages in perfume industry. Effect of four kinds of plant growth regulators including gibberelic acid (GA3) 100 ppm, banzyladenine (BA) 500 ppm, indole butyric aci MoreDaffodil (Narcissus tazetta) not only is known as a cut flower and ornamental plant, but also has high advantages in perfume industry. Effect of four kinds of plant growth regulators including gibberelic acid (GA3) 100 ppm, banzyladenine (BA) 500 ppm, indole butyric acid (IBA) 200 ppm and Cycocel CCC 800 ppm) onmorphological traits and essential oil of daffodil were investigated. Plant growth regulators were sprayed at two stages including bulbs and foliage parts atinflorescence. The essential oil of fresh flowers was extacted using solvent extraction method. The results showed that GA3 and BA treatments had significant effects on increasing stem length, flower diameter and number of flowers in each inflorescence and also accelerated flowering. IBA application elongated flowering stem length but CCC decreased stem length. BA and IBA applications caused significant increase in essential oil, CCC had no effect on that, but GA3 decreased its quantity. Manuscript profile
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