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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating factors affecting intra-organizational entrepreneurship (case study: Tekdane Marand company)
Mohammad Hassan Haddadi jabrail marzi alamdari ramazan mahmoodlooIntra-organizational entrepreneurship empowers organizations through being active in the market by searching and developing superior products and services using the potential of employees to create profitability and growth. This type of entrepreneurship allows employees MoreIntra-organizational entrepreneurship empowers organizations through being active in the market by searching and developing superior products and services using the potential of employees to create profitability and growth. This type of entrepreneurship allows employees to use the resources of the organization to make changes in the organization and create a new business. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting intra-organizational entrepreneurship in Tekdane Marand company. The research method is applied and survey which was implemented in the field method. The statistical population of this research includes all the employees of Tekdane company who are working in this company this year. The number of employees working in this factory was more than 1000 people, and using Cochran's formula, 277 people were calculated as a statistical sample, and this number was selected randomly from among the employees working in this company. In order to collect data, the intra-organizational entrepreneurship questionnaire of Cornwall and Perlman (1990) and Stevenson's entrepreneurial questionnaire were used, and their validity and reliability have been confirmed. To analyze the data collected using research questionnaires, structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) approach was used by Smart PLS software. The results of the research hypothesis test show: 1. Strategic orientation is effective on improving intra-organizational entrepreneurship in Tekdane Marand company. 2. Commitment to resources is effective in improving intra-organizational entrepreneurship in Tekdane Marand company. 3. The management structure is effective on improving intra-organizational entrepreneurship in Tekdane Marand company. 4. The philosophy of reward is effective on improving intra-organizational entrepreneurship in Tekdane Marand company. 5. Growth orientation is effective on the improvement of intra-organizational entrepreneurship in Tekdane Marand company. 6. Entrepreneurial culture is effective on improving intra-organizational entrepreneurship in Tekdane Marand company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Efficiency of Ethanol concentration and Heating methods assisted Extraction Process of Stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana
Roozbeh Assterki Neda Hoveizeh Tamimian Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani -
Open Access Article
3 - Optimization of Functional Cocoa Milk Formulation Containing Inulin, Stevia, Chia Seed Gum and Whey Protein
Sh. Saedi S. Jafarian S. H. Hoseini Ghabous L. Roozbeh NasiraieIntroduction: Cocoa milk is one of the most popular non-fermented dairy products, but due to its high levels of sucrose, it might cause diabetes and tooth decay in children. Due to the fact that today the tendency to consume natural foods is increasing with low calories MoreIntroduction: Cocoa milk is one of the most popular non-fermented dairy products, but due to its high levels of sucrose, it might cause diabetes and tooth decay in children. Due to the fact that today the tendency to consume natural foods is increasing with low calories and high shelf life, therefore, replacing sucrose with other sweeteners, especially natural ones, will be important. In this study, the aim is to optimize and achieve the highest percentage of viscosity and overall acceptance as well as reducing the amount of sedimentation and particle size that is one of the important quality indicators of cocoa milk in consumer acceptance.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, treatment was performed based on cocoa milk formulation and based on the highest level of response. Independent variables included inulin (2 to 8%), chia seed gum (0.1 to 0.5%), stevia (50 to 100%) and whey protein concentrate (1 to 3%) and response variables, consisting of viscosity, particle size, sediment percentage and overall acceptance were considered. The functional relationship between the parameters affecting the cocoa milk formulation was determined using the Box Behnken experimental design.Results: Based on the selected models, the optimal formulation was selected by the software consisted of 99.7% inulin, 70% stevia, 0.346% chia seed gum and 1% whey protein.Conclusion: The presence of inulin, stevia, chia seed gum and whey protein in cocoa milk formula improved the effective properties such as increasing viscosity, reducing sedimentation and cocoa milk particle size in promoting marketability and product acceptance by consumers. Therefore health-promoting in cocoa milk formulation can lead to the production of useful products while maintaining quality and sensory properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Feasibility of producing foman cookies by substituting brown sugar and stevia natural sweetener powder instead of white sugar in cookies cream
S. B. Mirpourian M. Honarvar N. MoorakiIntroduction: Awareness of proper nutrition leads to people's health, therefore if low-fat and low-sugar foods is produced, this can lead to an increase in the health of the society. Foman traditional cookie is one of the popular confectionery products in the north of I MoreIntroduction: Awareness of proper nutrition leads to people's health, therefore if low-fat and low-sugar foods is produced, this can lead to an increase in the health of the society. Foman traditional cookie is one of the popular confectionery products in the north of Iran, which is made from wheat flour, butter, sugar, cinnamon and walnuts. This research deals with the feasibility of producing traditional Foman cookies by removing white sugar from cookie's cream and replacing it brown sugar and stevia natural sweetener powder.Materials and Methods: The changes in the levels of moisture, total sugar, calories and acidity were measured after substituting brown sugar and stevia powder (in terms of flavoring) instead of white sugar in cookie dough during a 14-day storage period at 25 degrees Celsius. In this method, brown sugar was replaced by 40, 50 and 60% of the removed white sugar in cookie core, and stevia was used to compensate sweetness taste. The changes of moisture, total sugar, calories and acidity after this replacement was measured during the 14-day storage period at 25°C.The color, taste, texture hardness and general acceptability of the cookies were investigated by sensory evaluation.Results: The results show that the replacement of brown sugar and stevia in cookie core has caused significant changes in dependent variables such as moisture, total sugar, acidity, calories, and kernel color, therefore kernel color and moisture have increased, but total sugar has a decreasing trend, calorie of cookies has increased as compared to the control sample due to the replacement of dry matter instead of white sugar. There is no significant change in taste, hardness of texture and overall acceptance. Conclusion: In the examination of the samples in the selected intervals, the highest agreement with the control sample in terms of changes in dependent variables such as moisture, total sugar, acidity, color can be observed in the sample with 40% brown sugar and 60% stevia. Substitution of stevia and brown sugar instead of white sugar led to a decrease in total sugar, but there was no visible effect on taste, texture hardness, and overall acceptance, although time had a negative effect on most of the studied parameters. By increasing the amount of brown sugar, the agreement with the control sample decreases, but the amount of calories has a reverse trend due to the change of dry matter in the core. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Bacteria Co-Symbiosis on Steviol Glycosides Content in Herb Plant of Stevia
M. Farid H. Mozafari E. Mohammadi GoltapehIntroduction: Stevia might be used as a new source of sweetener but without containing sugar and is a suitable alternative to sucrose. It is important in health care and solving restrictions of sugar consumption by diabetics. Therefore the aim of this study is to evalua MoreIntroduction: Stevia might be used as a new source of sweetener but without containing sugar and is a suitable alternative to sucrose. It is important in health care and solving restrictions of sugar consumption by diabetics. Therefore the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria co-symbiosis on steviol glycosides content in herbal plant of stevia. Materials and Methods: The effect of mycorrhizal fungi in three and rhizobium bacteria in five concentrations were conducted on stevia through factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of the faculty of Agriculture and Food at Tarbiat Modares University. Results: The results revealed that the effect of mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium bacteria and its interactions were significant on all characteristics. The highest percent of stevioside and rebaudioside A glycosides was gained in b0f25 and b100f50 treatments, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that co-symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria with stevia could efficiently improve the economical yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Preparation of Low Calorie Sour Tea Jelly Using Stevia and Gelatin of Chicken Skin- Evaluation of the Product
F. Yazdani Z. Raftani Amiri H. Shahiri TabarestaniIntroduction: The aim of this study was to produce low-calorie jelly using sour tea as a natural coloring agent, gelatin extracted from chicken skin with stevia as sweetener. Materials and Methods: Chicken skin gelatin was extracted by using alkaline-acid pre-treatment MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to produce low-calorie jelly using sour tea as a natural coloring agent, gelatin extracted from chicken skin with stevia as sweetener. Materials and Methods: Chicken skin gelatin was extracted by using alkaline-acid pre-treatment with 1 N of NaOH and 0.05 N hydrochloric acid. Gelatin was used at the concentrations of one and two percent (wt.%), Stevia with 0 to 100% replacement rates with sugar and sour tea at 20 wt.% for 100 g of jelly and 48 hours after gel production, pH measurement, Brix, moisture content, acidity, water activity, tissue stiffness, color, sensory analysis and microbial tests were performed. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design based on factorial experiment using SPSS software and compared with Duncan's multiple range test at 5% probability level. Results: The results showed that by increasing gelatin concentration and the level of sucrose replacement with stevia did not have a significant effect on pH. By increasing the concentration of gelatin, texture hardness and L*, significantly increased and moisture decreased (p < 0.05), whereas the parameters of brix, water activity, a* and b* of samples were not significantly different (p> 0.05). By increasing the levels of sucrose replacement with stevia and decrease of solids content the moisture, water activity and L *, a *, b * factors were significantly increased and the brix of the samples decreased. Conclusion: Sensory and physicochemical properties of sour jelly samples showed that using chicken skin gelatin and stevia as sweetener could be a good alternative to low-calorie jelly formulation by preserving physical, chemical and sensory properties. Due to medicinal properties, sour tea provides beneficial contribution to sour jelly product Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Application of HPTLC in the Assessment of the Extraction Process of Stevia Rebaudiana Using Ultrasound Waves
M. Rouhani Z. Mirjafari H. Rezapour J. MokhtariIntroduction: In the recent decades, the increase in population, decrease in physical activities and consumption of improper food to fulfill the nutritional need have caused various diseases namely diabetes. The extract from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana plant might b MoreIntroduction: In the recent decades, the increase in population, decrease in physical activities and consumption of improper food to fulfill the nutritional need have caused various diseases namely diabetes. The extract from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana plant might be employed as a natural sugar substitute. The aim of the present study is to employ ultrasound waves to optimize the extraction process from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana and use High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to analyze the extract. Materials and Methods: Water, water-methanol mixture, methanol, water-ethanol mixture and ethanol was applied for extraction as solvent. The extraction was carried out by soxhlet and ultrasound waves at various times and power condition according to the official procedures. Results: The results indicated that water was the most suitable solvent among the solvents employed. The results also showed that the application of ultrasound with power of 90 W for 2 minutes resulted better extraction (811.61 g/mlμ) as compared to the soxhlet method (795.70 g/mlμ). Conclusion: The present study indicated that ultrasound application might be a suitable, fast and safe method for extraction of Stevioside sweetener from Stevia Rebaudiana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Antibacterial Effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Extract on Pathogenic Bacteria and Food Spoilage
M. Fallah Shojaee A. R. Sadeghi Mahoonak M. Khomeiri M. Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
9 - Intertextual analysis of Symphony of the Dead and Death of a Salesman; Based on Julia Kristeva's theory
HAMID AGHAJANI majid mansoori fatemeh karimiBased on Julia Kristeva's theory, intertextuality is mainly a method that shows that each text is formed on the basis of previous texts, and it is a method that introduces history to structuralism and its orphaned and lonely texts and interpretations. Based on this MoreBased on Julia Kristeva's theory, intertextuality is mainly a method that shows that each text is formed on the basis of previous texts, and it is a method that introduces history to structuralism and its orphaned and lonely texts and interpretations. Based on this method, some previous articles and researches have considered the novel Symphony of the Dead as a reflection of "the novel of fury and uproar" or "the novel of the city I loved once again". Although all these factors can be discussed and investigated, due to the similarity of some cultural aspects and the similarity of some historical and cultural events, such as the occurrence of world wars, the comprehensive system of fascism and capitalism, many literary texts may be combined in terms of structure and content. slow down But what seems certain based on the opinion of the authors is that the most important work that is close to the novel Symphony of the Dead in terms of content and structure is "The Play Death of a Salesman" by Arthur Miller. . In fact, according to the historical parallels, and the common experience of different nations in historical events, we can boldly say that Symphony of the Dead is an Iranian example of the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - سنجش کیفیت زندگی روستایی از بعد اجتماعی با بهره گیری و مقایسه از مدلهای تشابه به حل ایده آل(TOPSIS) و تکنیک بردار ویژه(TEV) مطالعه موردی: دهستان میانکاله بهشهر
اسدا... دیوسالار محمدرضا نقوی ابوذر پایدار -
Open Access Article
11 - سنجش کیفیت اجتماعی زندگی نواحی روستایی با معیار فاصله از مرکز شهر با استفاده از مدلTEV، تکنیکبردار ویژه (نمونه موردی: روستاهای چهار قلعهی شهرستان بهشهر
محمدرضا نقوی -
Open Access Article
12 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with stevia herbal supplement on heart tissue structure in obese rats
Zahra Akbari Asieh Abbassi Daloii Ahmad Abdi Seyed Javad ZiaolhaghBackground & Aim: Understanding how aerobic exercise with herbal supplements can cause structural changes in the heart could lead to the development of new treatments to improve heart health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic MoreBackground & Aim: Understanding how aerobic exercise with herbal supplements can cause structural changes in the heart could lead to the development of new treatments to improve heart health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training with stevia herbal supplement on heart tissue structure in obese rats. Materials and Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 25 male wistar rats (5 healthy adult rats and 20 adults’ obese male rats) were divided into five groups: control (healthy), obese, obese-garlic, obese-aerobic training and obese-garlic. Aerobic training was performed. Aerobic exercise was performed on treadmill, 5 days week for eight weeks. The dose of stevia was 250 mg per kilogram of body weight in gavage. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and heart tissue was removed. Cardiac tissue sections were studied by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The changes of heart tissue, Muscle cells, necrosis, inflammation and hyperemia were assessed, the severity and degree of these changes were performed based on microscopic and photomicrographs observations.Results: The results showed that in obese rat’s pathological changes of heart muscle and heart cells were observed in comparison with the control group. Aerobic training, consumption of stevia herbal supplement and aerobic training with consumption of stevia herbal supplement were associated with improvement of tissue and cellular changes in heart tissue.Conclusion: the present intervention can probably have benefits for the structure of heart tissue during obesity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect ofAdding stevia to the oil cake formulation and investigating its effects on shelf life and physicochemical properties
Bijan khorshidpour Simin Asadolahi Mahshid Rezaei leyla Nateghi Zahra MostafaToday, the desire of consumers, especially diabetics, to consume low-calorie and sugar-free foods, which can be used stevia, which is a natural sweetener and has no effect on raising blood glucose levels. The aim of this research was producing of oil cake with stevia in MoreToday, the desire of consumers, especially diabetics, to consume low-calorie and sugar-free foods, which can be used stevia, which is a natural sweetener and has no effect on raising blood glucose levels. The aim of this research was producing of oil cake with stevia in six level (0.05, 0.1,0.15,0.2, 0.25 and 0.3%) and control. Then after treatment formulation dough test (viscosity, consolidation and special weight) and cake tests including acidity and pH, water activity, porosity percentage,moisture percentage, palatability and hardness, peroxide index and mold amd yeast test) in three replications. The results showed that with increasing the percentage of sucrose substitution instead of stevia, specific gravity, dough consistency and dough viscosity decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05). Also in the oil cake, with increasing the percentage of sucrose replacement instead of stevia, the moisture and acidity of the product increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) and the number of peroxide, stale, firmness and pH significantly (p≤ 0.05) decreased. In general, the results showed that by replacing 0.3% stevia in the formulation of oil cake containing 19% sucrose, a product with desirable physicochemical properties and lower microbial load can be produced and increase the shelf life of the oil cake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Simulation of Plastic Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy by Finite Element Method
E Amini F Madadi Sh Katani M Atapoor -
Open Access Article
15 - TThe effect of foliar application of iron, boron, and selenium on the root morphological characteristics and the photosynthetic pigment contents of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) medicinal plant under sodium chloride salinity
mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi heshmat Omidi seyed jalal Tabatabaei Salt stress is one of the factors limiting plant growth and a major obnstacles for nutrient uptake in plants. A factorial experiment with pots in the open air was implemented based on a completely randomized design with three replications More Salt stress is one of the factors limiting plant growth and a major obnstacles for nutrient uptake in plants. A factorial experiment with pots in the open air was implemented based on a completely randomized design with three replications to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron (Fe: Sequestrene 138 at a concentration of 5 per thousand), boron (B: Boric acid at a concentration of 5 per thousand), and selenium (Se: Sodium selenite at a concentration of 2 per thousand) under NaCl salinity on root growth characteristics and the photosynthetic pigmentscontent of Stevia plant. The experiment factors included different levels of sodium chloride (0, 3, 6, and 9 dS m-1) and spraying composition at eight levels (no spraying, Fe, B, Se, Fe + Se, Fe + B, Se + B, and Fe + Se + B). Results showed that salinity caused significant reduction in root dry weight, volume, length, diameter and density of root, percentage of dry weight to soil volume ratio, and chlorophyll a, b, and total. Among the various combinations of spraying, combined application of Fe, B, and Se had the highest mean dry weight, volume, length, area, and density of the root. The highest significant mean chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were observed in spraying solution containing Fe at the non-stress level, and the combination of Fe and Se at 3 dS m-1 level of salinity. In general, decrease in root growth and leaf chlorophyll content (especially chlorophyll a) occurred under salt stress and generally, these factors led to the loss of plant growth at higher salinity levels (6 and 9 dS m-1). In order to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress, especially at lower levels (3 and 6 dS m-1), using Fe and Se elements are recommended to increase the chlorophyll content of the plant and improve root growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The effect of salicylic acid on the yield of vegetative organs and active ingredients of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under drought stress
Mehrdad Maleki Hamid Sobhanian Enayatollah Yazdanpanah Abbas MalekiThis study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete block MoreThis study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in a research farm in Sarableh, Ilam during 2020-2021. Drought stress in 3 levels (control or 100% of field capacity, 75% of field capacity, and 50% of field capacity) and salicylic acid treatment in 2 levels (non-consumption and foliar application with a concentration of 1 mM) were applied. Plant height, number of periphery shoots, dry weight of stems and leaves, total dry matter yield, extractable sugars, and protein, proline, total chlorophyll, stevioside, glycoside, rebaudioside, and phenolic compound contents were assayed in the study. Findings showed that the highest total dry matter yield were obtained in irrigation control and salicylic acid consumption (77.2 g per plant), showing 34% increase compared to the lowest total dry matter yield obtained under 50% of field capacity irrigation and no salicylic acid consumption 34%. Also, in all drought stress treatments, applying salicylic acid improved total dry matter yield. In the treatment with no drought stress, the lowest sugar contents per plant were observed and in the treatment with salicylic acid the glucoside contents were more than the control. In general, drought stress reduced the amount of sugar and other growth traits of stevia plants. Applying salicylic acid in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of the stevia, improved the plant’s yield under various levels of drought stress, which is very important Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The effect of putrescine and calcium nanoparticle on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes activities in stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under salt stress
Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghaderi kolayi Mahyar Gerami Masoud Azadbakht Parastoo MajidianThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of calcium nanoparticle and putrescine on some physiological traits of the medicinal plant, stevia, under salt stress. In this regard, the experiment was performed based on a factorial co MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of calcium nanoparticle and putrescine on some physiological traits of the medicinal plant, stevia, under salt stress. In this regard, the experiment was performed based on a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental treatments contained three levels of calcium nanoparticle (0, 75, and 150 ppm), two levels of putrescine (0 and 1 mM), and three levels of salt (0, 75, 150 mM). Based on analysis of variance results, the simple effect of each treatment as salt stress, calcium nanoparticle, and putrescine was significant at P≤0.05; however, their interaction effect was not significant. Results also showed that salt stress (150 mM) resulted in the reduction of chlorophyll a (0.21), chlorophyll b (0.47), and total chlorophyll (0.68 mg/g dry weight) compared to the control while, an increase in carotenoid content (0.10) was observed under 150 mM salinity. Also, the photosynthetic pigments content increased under 150 ppm calcium nanoparticle and 1 mM of putrescine. Considering antioxidant enzymes, the treatment with 150 mM salt increased catalase enzyme as 1.69 and as 5.02 g/wet weight. In addition, the effect of putrescine led to the increase of catalase and peroxidase by 2.18 and 4.46 g/wet weight of leaves, respectively. Moreover, the treatment with 150 ppm calcium nanoparticles resulted in increases in catalase and peroxidase contents by 1.87 and 4.84 g/wet weight of leaves, respectively. The most appropriate concentrations of putrescine and calcium nanoparticles were 1 mM and 150 ppm, respectively which are recommended for assessment of other physiological and biochemical properties of stevia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The combined effect of cold stress and polyamine supplement on some phytochemical parameters of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni.
Kamran Moradi Peynevandi Syed Mehdi Razvi Saber ZahriStevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoniis a perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant has been cultivated in all over of the world for its sweetener compounds such as: steviol glycosides. In this study to evaluate the effects of cold stress (4ºC) combined MoreStevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoniis a perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant has been cultivated in all over of the world for its sweetener compounds such as: steviol glycosides. In this study to evaluate the effects of cold stress (4ºC) combined with polyamine supplement on some phytochemical parameters an experiment was carried out in a randomized design with three replications. The phytochemical measurement were obtained by spectrophotometery methods consisted of Folinciocalteu method for tanins-phenols, aluminium chloride method for flavonoids, Anthon reagent for soluble sugars and spectrophotometer for anthocyanins and steviol glycosides. The treatments were conducted in six groups contained of cold and cold-polyamine treatments in 0, 48 and 96-hours of cold courses. The measurements were performed on the plant leaves at vegetative stage at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in May 2017. The results showed that the cold stress tends to a significant increase in all of measured parameters at p≤0.05. This increase was higher in the cold-polyamine treated plants than cold only treated groups of the plant. The results indicated that total soluble sugar and steviol glycosides were increased 233 and 35 percent, respectively, than control at 96-h cold combined with polyamine treatment. At same treatment, total flavonoid, anthocyanin, total phenol and tannin contents were increased up to 40, 100, 20 and 66 percentage than control, as well as. At the same plant group, the plant antioxidant potential was also elevated 20 percentage than control ones. It can be concluded thatcombined treatment of Stevia rebaudiana with cold and polyamine supplement can induced the secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the plant and hence might be tend to a considerably increasing in the plant pharmaceutical potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The study of quantitative and qualitative changes of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. callus under the influence of salicylic acid and salt in solid and liquid culture conditions
AZIM GhasemNegad Maral Salmalian Kambiz MashayekhiPresent study was done to evaluate the effect of salinity and salicylic acid in solid and liquid culture media on callus growth and biochemical parameters Stevia like wet and dry weight, photosynthesis pigments, antioxidant activity, total and reduce sugar were measured MorePresent study was done to evaluate the effect of salinity and salicylic acid in solid and liquid culture media on callus growth and biochemical parameters Stevia like wet and dry weight, photosynthesis pigments, antioxidant activity, total and reduce sugar were measured. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications, two different concentrations of salicylic acid (0 and 100µM) and salt (0 and 50mM) in solid and liquid culture media containing 0.5 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BA. Result were showed that the using of elicitor and culture and the interaction between the treatments had a significant effect on the measured quantitative and qualitative characteristics. In comparing to the control, the fresh weight callus decreased as affected by salinity and salicylic acid. In contrast, the dry weight of callus significantly increased when treated with elicitors. Internal pigment density of the callus increased when treated by elicitors. The highest antioxidant capacity was observed in liquid medium with containing of 100µM salicylic acid. Total sugar content was observed in medium containing 50 mM salinity. In contrast and compared to the other treatments, the content of reduced sugar in solid culture and under salicylic acid treatment increased significantly. According to the results, duo to increases of metabolit production in Stevia, its need to considering of metabolite culture in invitro conditions and the liquid culture is recommended, while the solid culture would be nessecory to biomass production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. using solid phase molecularly imprinted technique
somayeh aghabeyk Maziar Ahmadi Golsefidi mohammad hadi soleimaniStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. with non-calorie steviol glycoside is an effective drug to decrease of blood glucose in treat of diabetics. The goal of this study is obtaining of a novel method in order to a quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevio MoreStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. with non-calorie steviol glycoside is an effective drug to decrease of blood glucose in treat of diabetics. The goal of this study is obtaining of a novel method in order to a quantitative and qualitative extraction of stevioside as a non-calorie sweetener from Stevia. In this study the dry leaves of Stevia was prepared from Golsaran Shomal company and then in order to extraction of stevioside a solid phase molecularly imprinted extractor was prepared and some parameters affective on extraction of stevioside were optimized. An acrylate functional monomer and a cross linker were used to preparation of stevioside extractor polymer. Functional monomer to cross linker ratio and size and fining degree of the extractor were studied and evaluated. In this study analysis of the stevioside beside of HPLC was accrued by polarography method .The best ratio of functional monomer to cross linker was obtained in 0.2, also the best polymer particle size was obtained in 1000 micron for extraction of stevioside by the extractor and the amount of stevioside was determined 11.6% w/w in this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The study variation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. irrigated with magnetized saline water (Golestan province)
madeh Ahmadi, Azem Ghasemnezhad Ali Reza Sadeghi Mahoonak Abbas Rezaie AslStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. is one of the valuable medicinal plants, in which extremely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries as a sources of non-calories sugar. The present experiment was carried out investigation of phytochemical variation, resistance to sa MoreStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. is one of the valuable medicinal plants, in which extremely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries as a sources of non-calories sugar. The present experiment was carried out investigation of phytochemical variation, resistance to salinity and increasing the saline water usage efficiency using magnetic field. Experiment was evaluate by using four levels of salinity (0, 2, 4 and 6ds/m2) and three levels of magnetic fields (0, 3000 and 6000 G) as treatment in three replications. In September 2015 the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Were collected from the research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The total phenol content was measured by folin ciocalteu method, flavonoid content with aluminum chloride, antioxidant activity by DPPH methode and the total and reduced sugar content were measured by using Fehling methods. Results were showed that the salinity had significant influence on total phenol and flavonoid contents at 1% probability and by increasing the level of salinity the content of these compounds were decreased. The salinity did not have statistically significant effect on the other parameters like antioxidant activity, total sugar and reduced sugar. Although no significant effect of magnetic water was observed on these parameters, but the interaction effect of salinity and magnetic field on the antioxidant activity of extract and total sugar was significant. So according to present study, the stevia is sensitive to salinity of pre-treatments water with magnetic field in this case is not effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effects of garlic and stevia extract along with endurance activity on anxiety-like behaviors of male Wistar rats induced obesity with high-fat diet
Mahsa Taleshi reza rezaeeshirazi Javad Ziaolhagh Habib AsgharpourAim of the present study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of garlic and stevia extract along with endurance activity on anxiety-like behaviors of male Wistar rats induced obesity with a high-fat diet. In this fundamental and experimental research, in ord MoreAim of the present study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of garlic and stevia extract along with endurance activity on anxiety-like behaviors of male Wistar rats induced obesity with a high-fat diet. In this fundamental and experimental research, in order to induce obesity, 50 three-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and then in 7 healthy control groups (HC), obese (HFD), garlic (G), stevia (St), aerobic (ET), garlic+aerobic (ET+G) and stevia+aerobic (ET+St) were randomly divided. Aerobic exercises including 30 minutes a day, 8 m/min and 5 days a week and garlic and stevia extract with a concentration of 250 mg/kg were also added to the water consumed daily. Cross-maze test was used to measure anxiety-like behaviors. ANOVA was used to determine the difference between groups and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. The results showed that the percentage of entering the open arm in the 12 weeks of high-fat diet in the obese group compared to the control group was significantly reduced (P=0.001) and in the 8 weeks exposed to exercise and extract interventions, the ET group (0.001) P=0), ET+G (P=0.001) and ET + St (P=0.001), had a significant increase compared to the HFD group. The present study showed that induction of obesity increases anxiety in male Wistar rats and it seems that the combination of aerobic exercise with garlic extract, the combination of aerobic exercise and stevia extract, aerobic exercise, stevia and garlic are effective in improving this process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The effects of Stevia (Rebaudioside) and Inulin on the Chemical and Microbial Properties of Low-Calorie Chocolate Dairy Dessert
Amin Seyed Mahmoodzade Asiye Ahmadi Fatemeh Kiani AliabadiCarbohydrates and lipids are known as the most important sources of calorie intake in food products, much attention has been paid to low-calorie and non-caloric alternatives. In this research, stevia and inulin was used as sugar and fat replacer in chocolate dairy desse MoreCarbohydrates and lipids are known as the most important sources of calorie intake in food products, much attention has been paid to low-calorie and non-caloric alternatives. In this research, stevia and inulin was used as sugar and fat replacer in chocolate dairy dessert formulation, respectively. Inorder to optimize the formula and low-calorie chocolate dairy dessert production, three factors of inulin concentration (0to 8 g/100 g), stevia concentration (0 to 0.06 g/100 g), and storage day (1 to 14 day) were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Face-Centered Central Composite. Then, the chemical characteristics including pH, acidity, fat and protein content, and microbial properties were analyzed in the chocolate dairy dessert after 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days’ storage. Folch method applied for fatty acids extraction and Gas Chromatography used for determination of fatty acids. The results showed that the pH value decreased with increase in inulin content. An increase in unsaturated fatty acids was observed in low calorie chocolate dairy dessert. The Highest percentage of fatty acids in chocolate dairy dessets were palmitic acid followed by oleic acid. The evaluation of Sucrose, Lactose and Glucose content with HPLC Technique showed that sucrose was the dominate sugar in the control sample but lactose had more content in low calorie desserts. Both total bacterial count and mold and yeast count, were lower than the standard range. According to the model obtained, the formulation with 5.628 g/100 g inulin, 0.032 g/100 g stevia and 5.83 g/100 g of sucrose was selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - مروری بر اثر جایگزینی ساکارز با شیرین کنندهی غیر مغذی استویا و ترکیبات حجم دهنده متفاوت بر روی خواص فیزیکو شیمیایی
آلاله نکویی امیرپویا قندهاری یزدی مینا شمسایی لیلا صداقت بروجنیمقدمه و هدف: تغییر فرهنگ زندگی، کم شدن تحرک بدنی انسانها و بروز مشکلاتی نظیر چاقی و فشار خون از یک طرف، شیوع بیماریهای قلبی و عروقی از طرف دیگر، نشان میدهد که توجه به تولید فرمولاسیون های غذایی کم کالری ضروری میباشد. گیاه استویا یک شیرین کننده طبیعی است که تخمین زده Moreمقدمه و هدف: تغییر فرهنگ زندگی، کم شدن تحرک بدنی انسانها و بروز مشکلاتی نظیر چاقی و فشار خون از یک طرف، شیوع بیماریهای قلبی و عروقی از طرف دیگر، نشان میدهد که توجه به تولید فرمولاسیون های غذایی کم کالری ضروری میباشد. گیاه استویا یک شیرین کننده طبیعی است که تخمین زده میشود 300 برابر شیرین تر از نیشکر است. عصاره برگ استویا جزء ترویج تعادل کالری است و میتواند جزء مفید از یک شیوه زندگی سالم در رژیم غذایی باشد. استویا برای درمان شرایط مختلف از قبیل سرطان دیابت، چاقی، پوسیدگی دندان، فشار خون بالا، خستگی و افسردگی مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. بحث و نتایج: با توجه به این خصوصیات امروزه استفاده از آن در محصولات غذایی مورد توجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. با توجه به نقش عمده ساکارز در ایجاد بافت، طعم و رنگ، جایگزینی ساکارز با شیرین کنندههای مختلف امری دشوار به حساب میآید. در این مقاله به عوامل مؤثر در جایگزینی و همچنین نتایج حاصل از جایگزینی ساکارز با شیرین کننده رژیمی استویا پرداخته شده است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: به هر حال پس مزه تلخ استویا باعث کاهش مصرف آن در فرمولاسیون مواد غذایی میشود که این مشکل را میتوان با استفاده از طعم دهندههای مختلف و ترکیبات پرکننده بر طرف نمود. با توجه به میزان شیرینی بالا (300 برابر نسبت به ساکارز)، میزان مصرف آن کم میباشد و بنابراین از لحاظ اقتصادی نیز دارای توجیه میباشد. استفاده از این شیرین کننده در صنایع لبنیات، آبمیوه و قنادی به عنوان جایگزین ساکارز با توجه به تحقیقات امکانپذیر میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - بررسی اثر شرایط اقلیمی بر غلظت استویوزید در استویای تولید شده در مناطق مختلف ایران و بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج استویوزید
آلاله نیکوئی محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامت حسین کیانیمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به افزایش بیماریهایی از جمله دیابت و چاقی امروزه استفاده از جایگزینهای ساکارز برای تولید محصولات کم کالری و بدون قند مورد توجه پژوهشگران و صنعتگران قرار گرفته است. در این میان استویوزید با شیرینی 300 برابر نسبت به ساکارز Moreمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به افزایش بیماریهایی از جمله دیابت و چاقی امروزه استفاده از جایگزینهای ساکارز برای تولید محصولات کم کالری و بدون قند مورد توجه پژوهشگران و صنعتگران قرار گرفته است. در این میان استویوزید با شیرینی 300 برابر نسبت به ساکارز با توجه به طبیعی بودن آن دارای جایگاه ویژه ای میباشد. هدف از اینپژوهش بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج استویوزید از برگهای گیاه استویا (میزان حلال، دما و زمان) و بررسی اقلیمهای متفاوت بر روی میزان غلظت استویوزید میباشد. روش تحقیق: در ابتدا بهینه سازی استخراج استویوزید (میزان حلال، دما و زمان) صورت گرفته سپس نتایج بر روی گیاهان پرورش یافته در سه ناحیه با اقلیم متفاوت (اصفهان: معتدل و کوهستانی، شهرکرد: سرد و کوهستانی و شیراز: گرم و کوهستانی) اعمال شد و در نهایت میزان غلظت استویوزید با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده بهترین شرایط استخراج در مدت زمان 120 دقیقه، دمای 50 درجه سانتیگراد و حجم 160 میلیلیتر از حلال (اتانول) میباشد؛ درادامهبااعمالایننتایجبررویگیاهانرشددادهشدهدرسه شهراصفهان،شیرازوشهرکردنتایج بدست آمده نشان داد کهشرایطاقلیمیمی­تواند تاثیرگذار بررویمحصولباشدبهطوریکهدراینمیان گیاهان پرورش یافته در اصفهانبیشترینسطحوراندمانتولیدتندرهکتارودرمقابلازبیشترینناخالصیبرخوردارمیباشد در حالیکه گیاهان پرورش یافته در شیراز دارای کمترین راندمان تولید تن در هکتار و دارای خلوص بالا میباشند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی:با توجه به بالا رفتن مصرف شیرین­کننده­ی استویوزید و همچنین قیمت بالای شیرین­کننده­ی فوق، کشت و پرورش آن در کشور امری مهم محسوب میشود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان­دهنده­ی تحقق کشت این گیاه در کشور و استخراج شیرین­کننده­ی استویوزید با استفاده از حلال میباشد؛ با این حال انجام پژوهشهای بیشتر بر روی روشهای استخراج دیگر نیز امری ضروری و مهم میباشد. Manuscript profile -
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26 - سنجش کیفیت زندگی روستایی از بعد اجتماعی با بهره گیری و مقایسه از مدلهای تشابه به حل ایده آل(TOPSIS) و تکنیک بردار ویژه(TEV) مطالعه موردی: دهستان میانکاله بهشهر
اسدا... دیوسالار محمدرضا نقوی ابوذر پایدار -
Open Access Article
27 - سنجش کیفیت اجتماعی زندگی نواحی روستایی با معیار فاصله از مرکز شهر با استفاده از مدلTEV، تکنیکبردار ویژه (نمونه موردی: روستاهای چهار قلعهی شهرستان بهشهر
محمدرضا نقوی -
Open Access Article
28 - The effect of humic acid application on Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) growth and metabolites under drought stress
Ameneh Zamani Mojtaba Karimi Ali Abbasi-surki Fatemeh Direkvand-moghadam -
Open Access Article
29 - Variation in steviol glycoside contents of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) leaves under various leaf drying processes
Mojtaba Karimi Fatemeh Direkvand-moghadam nafiseh Sheibani -
Open Access Article
30 - Welcome toHades and the Myth of Persephone: A Comparative Analysis Based on Theory of Intertextuality
Afsane Hasan zade dastjerdiSometimes, the writers of literary texts utilize some characters from the other texts, stories and even the whole plot. One of main recourses of stories is myths that have been reflected in rites, beliefs and fables in different forms. The Greek myth of Persephone and h MoreSometimes, the writers of literary texts utilize some characters from the other texts, stories and even the whole plot. One of main recourses of stories is myths that have been reflected in rites, beliefs and fables in different forms. The Greek myth of Persephone and her journey to the kingdom of Hades, the god of underworld, a myth about death and resurrection, is one of them. The main character of the novel, Welcome to Hades, by Belgheis Soleimani, travels like Persephone and after experiencing the events finally reaches the underworld. By using analytic method the present article attempt to explore the role and method of presence and recreation of the myth of Persephone in the novel, Welcome to Hades, with respect to Julia Kristeva’s theory of intertextuality and the ideas of Bakhtin about the logic of dialogue of texts and intertextual relationship in literary texts. The results of the research show that the myths of Persephone and Hades are a pretext for the novel Welcome to Hades and have influenced the structure and characters of the novel. By this way the hidden dimensions of the novel can be understood better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Mythical-Intertextual Analysis of Heyrani; Based on Julia Kristeva's Theory of Abjection
Fātemeh ZamāniJulia Kristeva has developed new approaches to analyzing texts by focusing on the theory of intertextuality and based on linguistics and psychology. According to the theory of abjection, derived from the post-structuralist ideas of Kristeva, literary creator, as a spoke MoreJulia Kristeva has developed new approaches to analyzing texts by focusing on the theory of intertextuality and based on linguistics and psychology. According to the theory of abjection, derived from the post-structuralist ideas of Kristeva, literary creator, as a spokesperson, becomes estranged from abjects and offers solutions, including taking refuge in myths andarchetypes, to purify himself/herself and his/her community. In the present article, Heirani (Astonishment), a novel by Mohammd Ail Sajjadi, is analyzed based on the theory of abjection. The results show that the author has considered the archetypes, like water, anima, immortality, mountain and the number of seven as well as the mythical characters such as Siavash, Bahrām, Mehr and the sacred cow in order to get rid of individual and social abjects. In this regard, the novel has a mystical-intertextual relationship with the Shāhnāmeh and the story of Siavash. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - برآورد ارزش در معرض خطر مبتنی بر محدودیت بر ارزیابی عملکرد مدیریت پرتفوی فعال در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی شراره قندهاری -
Open Access Article
33 - Study of nitrogen and potash fertilizers on crop yield, soluble and non soluble sugar in stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)
F. Saber Hamishegi A. Torang M. Mobaleghi A. Dehpouri Z. Saber HamishegiIn order to study of different N and K application levels effects on morphology and chemical characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana, experiment was conducted out in department of an green house ,branch of North region of Iran (Rasht), Agricultural Biotechnology Research I MoreIn order to study of different N and K application levels effects on morphology and chemical characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana, experiment was conducted out in department of an green house ,branch of North region of Iran (Rasht), Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII) in2010. The experiment was done in a complete designe with factorial arrangement of two factors of Nitrogen with four levels(0,20,40,60kg/ha) And potash with four levels (0,20,30,40 kg/ha).Totaly 5 traits were studied including stem length , lenghth between nodes , dry and wet weight of root , and Carbohydrate. highest stem length (90.90 cm) and highest length between nodes (4.31 cm) and highest dry weight of root (15.5 gr) and highest wet weight of root (2.9 gr) was recorded of level N4 (60 kg/ha). highest stem length (77.01 cm) was recorded of level K4 (40 kg/ha). The Result showed that was obtained the highest amount of Carbohydrate of levels (N4K2)(0.057). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of 8 Weeks of Endurance Exercise, Consumption of Vanadium and Stevia on Structural Changes in the Hamstring Muscle of Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Atefeh Sarhadi Ali Hassani Maliheh ArdakanizadehLoss of muscle mass is one of the side effects of diabetes that may be delayed by regulating blood sugar levels through exercise or herbal supplements. Thirty-five male rats (180±10 g) were assigned to seven groups of control, diabetic, diabetic + exercise, diabe MoreLoss of muscle mass is one of the side effects of diabetes that may be delayed by regulating blood sugar levels through exercise or herbal supplements. Thirty-five male rats (180±10 g) were assigned to seven groups of control, diabetic, diabetic + exercise, diabetic + vanadium, diabetic + exercise + vanadium, diabetic + stevia, and diabetic + exercise + stevia. To induce type 1 diabetes, streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and vanadium extract (1mg/ml) was daily dissolved in water. The endurance training program consisted of eight weeks of treadmill running, five days a week, starting at 15 minutes at 20 meters/minute and ending at 35 minutes at 30 meters/minute in the final week. Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined using a light microscope. In order to normalize the parametric data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for their analysis, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, and for non-parametric data, Kruskal-Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05) were used. Body weight values in all six experimental groups significantly decreased compared to healthy control group (p=0.001), in vanadium group compared to vanadium + exercise (p = 0.01), and in stevia + exercise group compared to stevia (p = 0.04). In the diabetic group, slight changes in cell number and size improved with exercise along with vanadium and stevia, and consumption of stevia, as well as cell degeneration with exercise along with vanadium and stevia, and consumption of vanadium and stevia (p=0.001). Eight weeks of endurance exercise, stevia, and vanadium intake appear to be effective in regulating body weight as well as improving the hamstring muscle damage caused by diabetes. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training with Stevia Supplementation on Plasma Fetuin b, Pentraxin 3 and GDF-15 and Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Esmail Piri Akbar Nouri Habashi Mohammad Reza ZolfaghariDiabetes is one of the main causes of death in developing countries. One of the ways to prevent diabetes and its complications is to do physical activity and use antioxidant supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and stevia MoreDiabetes is one of the main causes of death in developing countries. One of the ways to prevent diabetes and its complications is to do physical activity and use antioxidant supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and stevia on fetuin b, pentraxin 3 and GDF-15 in plasma and insulin resistance in type 1 diabetic rats. For this purpose, 25 type 1 diabetic mice were divided into 5 groups: healthy control, diabetes control, supplemental diabetes, training diabetes, and training-supplement diabetes. The training program of the rats was for a period of 65 days, with a speed of 20 to 30 m/min and an intensity of 10-25 m/min. Stevia dosage was 250 mg per kilogram of body weight by gavage. Mice were killed 48 hours after the last training session and blood sampling was done. To compare between groups, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used. Examining the changes between groups showed that there is a significant difference between the groups for fetoin b, pentraxin 3 and plasma GDF-15 (p < 0.001). Examining the changes between groups showed that fetoin B and GDF-15 had a significant increase and pentraxin had a significant decrease in the healthy group compared to the diabetic group (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the diabetes control group and the supplement and exercise groups in all indicators (p < 0.001. The results of the present study showed that aerobic exercise and stevia supplementation can decrease fetoin b and GDF-15 and increase pentraxin 3 in type 1 diabetic rats. These improvements were better in the group that took exercise and supplementation at the same time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effect of different levels of vermicompost on quantitative characteristics stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)
Amirhossain Kachuei Hossein Ali Sheibani Farshad QushchiTo evaluate the effect of sowing date and different levels of vermicompost on quantitative characteristics of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an experiment in the field of education - College of Agriculture, Varamin in Tehran province - the city of Varamin in MoreTo evaluate the effect of sowing date and different levels of vermicompost on quantitative characteristics of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an experiment in the field of education - College of Agriculture, Varamin in Tehran province - the city of Varamin in 2014 in a completely randomized design in three replications. The treatments were a major factor, planting date at four levels: 15 April, Persian date Farvardin 30, 15 May and 30th of May and sub-levels of vermicompost at four levels: control (no), use 5 tons of vermicompost per hectare, Application 10 tons, 15 tons of vermicompost per hectare and application of vermicompost per hectare. The results showed that planting date and vermicompost on stem length, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, internode length was statistically significant interaction between planting date and vermicompost was the longest shoot when cultured on 15 May with work won 15 ha vermicompost with 33.94 cm and minimum control on 15 April and 61.66 cm, leaf dry weight was reached when cultured on 15 May and 15 tonnes per hectare used vermicompost with 15.67 g and the lowest related to the control and on 15 April with g 6.52, the maximum length of internodes (with an average of 6.64 inches) in the treatment history of planting 15 May and 15 ha vermicompost was obtained, which Persian date Ordibehesht 15, 10 tons per hectare by planting date vermicompost had the smallest difference was not statistically related to planting date 15 Farvardin and control treatment (3.67 cm), the maximum shoot dry weight in the Persian date Ordibehesht 15 planting date , 15 ha vermicompost with 39.70 g and the lowest planting date 15 Farvardin and control (non-use of vermicompost) with 16.90 g, and use 15 tons of vermicompost on Persian date Ordibehesht 15 greatest impact on crop traits was measured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Effects on planting and different levels of vermicompost on quantitative traits stevia plant (Stevia rebaudianaBertoni)
Amirhosain Kachuei Hosainali Sheibani Farshad QushchiTo evaluate the effect of sowing date and different levels of vermicompost on qualitive characteristics of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an experiment was conducted at the Varamin Agricultural University College of Agriculture located in Tehran province, Var MoreTo evaluate the effect of sowing date and different levels of vermicompost on qualitive characteristics of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an experiment was conducted at the Varamin Agricultural University College of Agriculture located in Tehran province, Varamin, in 2014. This experiment was conducted on a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments factor were planting date at four levels: 15 April, Persian date Farvardin 30, 15 May and 30th of May and another factor of vermicompost at four levels: control (no), use 5 tons of vermicompost per hectare, Application 10 tons, 15 tons of vermicompost per hectare and application of vermicompost per hectare. The results showed that planting date and vermicompost had a significant effect on the amount of stevizide, glycoside, ribo-dioside, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b. The highest amount of stevizide content was related to cultivation on May 15, with the application of 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost with 4.4 percent, and the lowest amount was related to the sowing date of May 30 and control treatment (no vermicompost consumption) with 2.80 percent and the highest content Ribbiosiside was related to the crop cultivation on May 15, with the application of 15 tons of vermicompost per hectare with 10.3 percent, and the lowest was related to the April 15 planting date and the control treatment (no vermicompost consumption) with 1.38 percent and the highest content Stewil glycosides were cultivated on May 15, with the use of 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost with 53.7 percent and the minimum This amount corresponds to the date of planting 15 April and the control (non-use of vermicompost) by 38.4 percent. The highest content of chlorophyll a was obtained from cultivation on May 15 with the application of 15 tons per hectare of vermicompost, 1.35 mg.m, and the lowest content of chlorophyll a Was obtained amount of sowing date was 15 April and control treatment (no vermicompost consumption) with 0.41 mg /m. The highest content of chlorophyll b was observed in the sowing date of May 15 and the application of 15 t of vermicompost with 0.44 mg / m, which had no significant difference with planting date of May 15 and application of 10 t of vermicompost, and The lowest content of chlorophyll b was obtained from sowing date of 15 April and no consumption of vermicompost with 0.15 mg.m. The application of 15 tons of vermicompost at the planting date of May 15 had the greatest effect on measured traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The effect of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) on the quantity and quality of the Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)
Aref Rezaei Mohammad Nasri Farshad GhooshchiIn order to evaluate the effect of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) on the quantity and quality of the Stevia, an experiment was conducted in during 2014 at Research Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. A randomized complete block MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) on the quantity and quality of the Stevia, an experiment was conducted in during 2014 at Research Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Treatments included: 1-Control, 2-Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble), 3- Foliar application (6% Fe water-soluble), 4- Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble)+ Zn, 5- Foliar application (6% Fe water-soluble)+ Zn, 6-Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble)+ Mn, 7- Foliar application (6% Fe water-soluble)+ Mn, 8- Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble)+ Zn+Mn, 9- Foliar application (6% Fe water-soluble)+ Zn+Mn. Results showed a significant effect of Foliar micronutrients on shoot length, Internode length, root dry weight, leaf dry weight, soot dry weight, Stevioside, Rebaudioside, Glycoside, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll b/a, Fe, Zn and Mn content, but the effect of Treatments on P and Ca content is not significant. The Best Results in Foliar application (9% Fe water-soluble) + Zn+Mn treatment was obtained. The impact on the amount of phosphorus and calcium treatments were not significant. Because the micro-nutrients applied as foliar application is sent, an increased impact on soil phosphorus and phosphorus absorption and thus no plant phosphorus content is also due to the lack of elemental calcium treatments and applications by spraying, can have no effect on the absorption of calcium soil. Most of the glycosides in the treatment of iron (nine percent soluble in water) + Zn + Mn and lowest in control 7.55 and 3.94 respectively with an average of dry matter was obtained. Most of the shoot in the treatment of iron (nine percent soluble in water) + Zn + Mn and lowest in control respectively 81 and 58 cm respectively. Fe + Zn + Mn combination treatment compared to other treatments bigger share of Stevia in the lengthening of internodes were at least internode length, with an average of 3.03 inches was in control. Lowest Steviosid with an average of 2.25% of dry matter in the Amdo control Fe + Zn + Mn combination treatment compared to other treatments had a bigger share in the increase in the Stevia plant Steviosid. The highest Rybvdyvzyd in the treatment of iron (nine percent soluble in water) + Zn + Mn and iron treatment (six percent soluble in water) + Zn + Mn with an average of 2.63 and 2.53 percent of the dry matter and least control it. In between treatments, foliar iron (not water-soluble iron content) + Zinc + foliar fertilizer spray six thousand four hundred manganese fertilizers more effective than other treatments the traits were measured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Oath in Shahnameh and its mythic connection with water and fire
Darya HaydariFerdowsi’s Shahnameh is and eternal singular work which has kept ancient Persian ceremonies and culture within itself. Each of these ceremonies is worthy of analysis namely the ceremony regarding making a vow which is also used today and is dealt with in different MoreFerdowsi’s Shahnameh is and eternal singular work which has kept ancient Persian ceremonies and culture within itself. Each of these ceremonies is worthy of analysis namely the ceremony regarding making a vow which is also used today and is dealt with in different places in Shahnameh. Hence in this article swear an oath and ancient beliefs in this connection and its reflection in Shahnameh and also its mythological connection with the two elements of water and fire is investigates. Sogand is a Persian word and its equivalent in Arabic is Ghasam and yamin. Dr Moein in the margin of Borhane-Ghate’ has brought if after the entry Sukeh. Sogand with the first and third accent innnnnn Avesta is Saokatevant (Gogerdmand) means that which has sulfur. In ancient Peasia and in complicated and ambiguous trials, the two sides were examined on a trial or test called sogand or oath. Sogand is part of a var (godly trials in ancient Persia). Sogand is a poisonous drug dissolved in water in form of a drink given to the accused. If he were innocent, he came to no harm and his innocence and righteousness was proved and if he were guilty, the poison would cause him death. Manuscript profile
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